ekološke katastrofe i njihove posljedice na živi svijet.pptx

8/9/2019 ekološke katastrofe i njihove posljedice na živi svijet.pptx

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ENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTION


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Pollution

Pollution is the introduction ofcontaminants into a naturalenvironment that causes

instabilit! disorder! harm ordiscomfort tothe ecosstem i"e" #hsical

sstems or livin$ or$anisms"


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ypes o

pollutionAir Pollution

%ater Pollution

Thermal Pollution

&oil Pollution

Radioactive Pollution


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Air pollution

Imbalance in the 'ualit of airso as to cause adverse

a(ects on the livin$

or$anisms e)istin$ on earth"


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Causes of air

pollution1.Natural sources Volcanic eru#tions *orest +res

Pollen $rains of ,o-ers

2.Man-made sources

Increase in #ollution

.eforestation

/urnin$ of fossil fuels and +res

Emission from vehicles

Ra#id industriali0ation

%ars


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Control

Measures –Removal of #ollutants –Reduce sul#hur content before

burnin$ –Use of ener$ sources other than

fossil fuels

–Le$al measures from authorities

– Increased #lantin$ of ve$etation


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Water Pollution

– 1ontamination of -ater b additionof undesirable or$anic! inor$anic orbiolo$ical substances to -atersources

–Natural sources2 soil erosion! leachin$of minerals from of roc3s and decamatter"

– Industrial e4uents

–.estros ecosstem and e(ectshuman health


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Sources of water

pollution• 1ommunit -aste -aters

• Industrial -astes

• A$ricultural sources

• Under $round -ater #ollution

• Marine #ollution• Thermal #ollution


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Control of waterpollution• Treatment of $arba$e and se-a$e"

• 1hemical treatment"

•

Reduction of tem#erature of -aste-ater"

• Minimi0e the use of non 5 de$radable#esticides"

• Pro#er enactment of la-s b$overnment"


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Soil pollution

• Undesirable chan$e in the

#hsical! chemical orbiolo$ical #ro#ert -hichadversel a(ects its

#roductivit• 1aused b dum#in$ of

-astes! a$rochemicals and as


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Sources of Soil

Pollution• .omestic -astes

• A$ricultural -astes

• Industrial -astes

• E)cretor #roducts• &alination


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Control of soil

pollution• Pro#er dis#osal of industrial anda$ricultural -astes

• Recclin$ and recover ofmaterials

• Minimi0e the manufacture anduse of chemical fertili0ers

• Reduce the use of #esticides

di i


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Radioactie

pollution• Phsical #ollution that a(ects air!-ater and soil" 1aused b ioni0in$

radiations of harmful nature emittedfrom disinte$ratin$ atomic nuclei"

• The natural sources include cosmic

ras that reaches the earth surfaceand radiations from radium 667!uranium 689 thorium 686 etc

M d


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Man made

sources• Nuclear -ea#ons

• Reactors and Nuclear fuel• %aste -aters containin$ these

-astes

• :5ras used in medical #ractices• Ultra violet ras #resent in solar

radiations


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!"ects

• Mutation

•

1ancer• Radioactive substances in foodchain cause retarded $ro-th andbone cancer"

• Increases infant mortalit rate

C t l


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Control

measures• Prevention of lea3a$e of radioactive

elements from nuclear reactors"• Pro#er stora$e and dis#osal of

nuclear -astes• Re$ular monitorin$• Increasin$ the use of non harmful

ener$ sources


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Noise pollution• Un-anted hi$h #itch sound that

#ollutes the environment"

• Ma)imum tolerable intensit ofsound is ;9 decibels

• The main sources are automobiles!aero #lanes! louds#ea3ers! industries

and other electro5mechanicaldevices"


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C t l


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Control

measures• .esi$n machines -ith minimum

sound

• Pro#er lubrication maintenance ofmachines and installation ofsilencers"

• Use of sound absorbin$ materials• Use of noise #rotective devices


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T#ermal Pollution

The term thermal #ollutionhas been used to indicate thedetrimental e(ects of heated

e4uents dischar$ed bvarious #o-er #lants"


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uses of thermal #olluti

Nuclear #o-er #lants

1oal +red #o-er #lantsIndustrial e4uents.omestic se-a$e


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1ontrol Measures

1oolin$ to-ers

1oolin$ #ondsArti+cial la3es


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Made $y

Ayus# A%arwalSan&ee 'umar (itender $#aradwa&

Manis# )oyal

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ekološke katastrofe i njihove posljedice na živi svijet.pptx