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EMSAs og EUs påvirkning av norsk sjøsikkerhets-regulering

Henrik Ringbom, Head of Sector, Environment protection, liability and compensation

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Innehåll

• Om Norge och EU

• Om internationell reglering av sjöfarten

• EUs sjösäkerhetslagstiftning

• EMSAs roll

• Sammanfattning

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Ett norskt perspektiv

•Regleringsnivå• EU påverkar Norge• Norge påverkar EU

• Specialarrangemang inom sjöfarten (KOM)(COSS, EMSA styrelse)

• EP, Ministerrådet: nej

• Policynivå• Koordinering etc. från fall till fall (N vanligen med) • EMSA möten inkluderar Norge• Generellt: N måste berättiga sin plats arbetsdrygt

• Hittills: påverkan klart högre än formell status

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Internationell reglering av sjöfarten

Tradition av internationell/global reglering– global näring– praktiska hänsyn– konkurrenshänsyn

IMOs exklusiva roll har stöd i UNCLOS– flaggstatsjurisdiktion

– kuststater har begränsad lagstiftnings- och verkställighetsjurisdiktion

– hamnstatsbegreppet

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Allmänt om EUs sjösäkerhetslagstiftning

– En sjösäkerhetspolicy sedan 1993– Nu omkring 40 direktiv och förordningar

– Hamnstatskontroll– Klassificeringssällskap– Tekniska krav på fartyg (oljetankers konstruktion, säkerhet för passengerar & fiskefartyg, lastning/lossning av of bulk fartyg)– ‘Human element’ (ISM, STCW, arbetstid)– Miljöregler (avfallshantering i hamnar, TBT, svavel i bränsle, sanktioner för utsläpp)– Trafikövervakning (VTMIS)– Ansvarsregler (förslag, förorening, passageraransvar)

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Flaggstat Kust-/hamnstat

Öppet hav

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1

EEZ

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Terr. Hav

Inre vatten, hamnar 17

1993 1996 1999 2002 2005

Competing with international rules

Complementing international rules by regional rules

Making non-binding int’l rules mandatory in EU

Implementing international rules

●95/21 (PSC)

●94/58

(STCW)

●98/18*

●1999/95 (ILO 180)

* = Requirements for passenger ships under the ‘host State’ umbrella.

●3051/95 (ISM)

●97/70 (SFV)

●782/2003 (AFS)

●2005/33 (SOx)

●2001/96 (BLU)

●2000/59 (PRF)

●725/2004 (ISPS)

●98/41 (Pax.reg.)

●1999/35*

●2003/25*

●1726/2003 (DH)

●2002/59 (VDR)

●93/75 (Hazmat)

●336/2006 (ISM)

●2005/35

(sanctions)

1993 1996 1999 2002 2005

Criminal sanctions

Refusal of access to EU ports

Conditions for operating pax. ship services

Detention + banning

Detention

Pre-departure obligations

Control

●95/21 (PSC)

●94/58

(STCW)

●98/18

(SOLAS)

●1999/95 (ILO 180)

●98/25 (ISM)

●97/70 (SFV)

●(?)782/2003

(AFS)

●(?)2005/33 (SOx)

●2001/96 (BLU)

●2000/59 (PRF)

●725/2004 (ISPS)

●1999/35

(licensing)

●2003/25

(Ro-ro stability)

●1726/2003 (DH)

●2001/106

(PSC, VDR)

●93/75

(Hazmat)

●336/2006 (ISM)

●2005/35

●417/2002 (DH)

●3051/95 (ISM)

●2001/25 (STCW)

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Coastal State prescriptionImplementing international rules

Going beyond international rules (IMO/UNCLOS)

Discharge Navigational CDEM Others

Dir. 2005/35 (deliberate discharges)

Dir. 2005/35 (discharges

coused by serious negligence)

Dir. 2005/33 (SOx for North

Sea & passenger ships)

Dir. 2002/59(Reporting),

Dir. 2002/59(Routeing)

Dir. 2002/59(VTS)

(PSSAs)

(National measures to

expel SH tankers)

Dir. 2002/59(Incident reporting

Dir. 2002/59Intervention in case

of accidents)

(Proposed insurance requirements in

EEZ)

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EMSA - General• Established by Regulation (EC) 1406/2002 of the

European Parliament and of the Council of 27th June 2002 (twice amended).

• No (direct) regulatory role• Within the fields of maritime safety, pollution prevention

from ships and ship security, EMSA has the following main tasks:– To provide technical advice to the Commission and

Member States with a view to ensuring the proper implementation of EU maritime legislation

– To foster technical cooperation between Member States and disseminate best practices

– To provide operational capabilities, in particular to top-up Member States’ capabilities for oil pollution response

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Growth of the Agency

Number of Staff

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

mar

03

jun 03

sep

03

dec 0

3

mar

04

jun 04

sep

04

dec 0

4

mar

05

jun 05

sep

05

dec 0

5

mar

06

jun 06

sep

06

dec 0

6

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EMSA Structure

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EMSA Tasks

Safety Assessments, Inspections

EMSA Audits are an important tool for ensuring proper implementation of EU maritime legislation and include:

• Assessments of EU recognised classification societies

• Visits to Member States administrations to verify implementation

• Assessments of maritime education and training systems in third countries

• Assistance to the Commission on security inspections

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EMSA Tasks

Common positions – Convergence in minds and policies

EMSA fosters the further development of the common maritime safety policy by :

• studies and scientific reports to the Commission, including advice on new legislation

• organising workshops with Member States, Commission and industry on policy issues of common interest

• coordinating the technical development of major projects of common interest (for ex: SafeSeaNet)

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EMSA Tasks

Operational tasks: pollution response & satellite monitoring

The EMSA Board adopted a detailed action plan on pollution response in October 2004

•Priority is to increase the available response capacity for large tanker spills of heavy oil

•EMSA to conclude stand-by contracts with operators of commercial vessels that can be converted rapidly into response vessels

•Identify polluters at sea by means of satellite imaging

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Sammanfattningsvis

• Komplementerande, snarare än konkurrerande, regleringsskikt (IMO-EU-EMSA-MS)

• Juridiskt perspektiv: friktion ja, konflikter nej (för klarhet borde EG bli part i IMOs konventioner)

• Politiskt perspektiv: ‘new kid on the block’

• Diskussion