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EQUATIONS AND CONSTANTS FOR ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Electron’s Charge = 1.602×10!!"! Electron’s Mass = 9.109×10!!"!"
k = 9×109 !!2/!2 µμ! = 4!×10−7 !/!2
ε! = 8.85×10−12 !2/!!2
! = !!!!!!!
! = !!!!!!!
! ! = lim!!→!!!! ! = !"
!!! ! = ! !"
!!! ! = !
! ! = !
!
! = !ℓ !! =
!"
(!!!!!)!!! ! = !
!ℰ! ! = !! ! = !!
! ! = ! !!"
!! Φ! = ! ∙ !!
Φ! = ! ∙ ! Φ! = ! ∙ !! = !!ℰ!! ! = !!"
! ! = !
!! ∆! = !! − !! = −!! ! ∙ !!!
!
∆! = −! ∙ ! !! − !! =!!!!!!!
= − ! ∙ !!!! !! − !! = !" !
!!− !
!! ! = !"
!
! = !!!!!! ! = ! !"
! !! = −
!"!" ! = !, !, !, !, !"# ! = !
∆! ! = 4!!!!
!!" = !! + !! + !! !!!"
= !!!+ !
!!+ !
!! ! = !
!!" = !
!!!! ! = !
!!!!! ! =
!!!
! = !!! ! = ! !!!! ! = !×! ! = !" sin ! ! = −! ∙ ! ! = !! ! = !!
!
! = !! − !! !! =!!!!
! ! = !"!" ! = !"!!! ! =
!!= !"!! ! = !!
! = !!= ! ℓ
! ! = !! 1 + !(! − !!) ! =
!!!
!"!" ! = !" = !!! = !!
! ! = ℇ − !"
!ℇ = !!!! + !!!!" !! = !! + !! + !! ∆!! = 0 !!" = !! + !! + !!
!!!"
= !!!+ !
!!+ !
!! !!" = !!"# ! ! = ℇ! 1 − !!! ! ! = !" ! ! = !!!! !
!! =!!!!!! ! = !!
!!!!!ℇ ! = !!×! ! = !"# sin ! ! = !!×! ! = ! !!×!
! = !!×! ℳ = !! ! =ℳ×! ! = !"!" ! = !"
! ! = !! + !!×! ! = !/!
!! =!"#!"#
= !"!"# ! = !!!
!!!!×!!! ! = !!!
!!" ! = !!
!!ℳ!! !!
ℓ= !!!!!!
!!" ! ∙ !! = !! !!!
! = !!!ℓ! = !!!" ! =
!!!"!!"
! = !!!!! Φ! = ! ∙ !! Φ! = !" cos ! ! ∙ !! = 0
!! = !!!!!!" ! ∙ !! = !!! + !!
!!!!" !! = !!!!" ! = !! + !! = !!!" + !!!!"
! = !! 1 + ! ! ! = !" ! = !" ! = !!(1 + !) ℇ = − !!!!" Φ! = ! ∙ !!
ℇ = −!ℓν ! = ℇ!= !ℓν
! ! = !!""v = !"ℓv = !!ℓ!v!
! ! ∙ !! = − !!!
!" ℇ = −! !!
!"
ℇ = −! !!!!"
= !"#$ sin!" ! = !!!! ! = ℇ
!1 − !!! ! ! = !
! ! =ℇ!!!! !
!! = !!!!! !! =
!!
!!! !!" =
!!!!"!!
ℇ! = −! !!!!" ! = !! + !! ! = !!
!!+ !
!!!!
! = !!(cos!" + !) ! = !!" ! = !! + !! =
!!!
!!cos!!" + !
!!!!! sin!!" !!"# =
!!!
!!"# =!!! ! = !! sin!" !! =
!!!"sin(!" − !
!) !! = !"!! sin(!" +
!!) !! = !"
!! =!!" !! = !! !! + (!! − !!)! = !!! !! = !!! tan! = !!!!!
!
!!" =!!!!!! cos! !!" =
!!"#!!
!!!(!!!!!)! !! =
!!∆!= !!!
! !! =
!!!!!! !!!! = !!!!
!!" =!!!!
!! !
!!!!!
= !!!!!!!!!! !
!!!!!
= !!!!!!!!!! ! = !
!!!! ! = !! cos(!" − !" + !)
! = !! cos(!" − !" + !) !!!!
= !!= ! !
!= !" = ! ! = !
!!!×! ! = !"
!!
!!" =!!!!!!!
= !!!
!!!!= !
!!!!!! !! =
!!!!!! !! =
!!
!!! ! = !! + !! = !!!! =
!!
!!
!!" = !!(!!)!"# =!!!!!!! = !!!
!!! !!" = !!!" ! =
!! ! = !
! ! = !!
! ! = !!
!
!! = −!!!!! !! = − !!!!
!cos(!" − !") !! = !!! = − !!!!!
!cos(!" − !")
! = !"!!= − !!!!!!
!cos!(!" − !") !!" =
!!!!!!!
