eqvTime TayaiSvili - Tbilisi State Universityeprints.tsu.ge/732/1/Rusudan Labadze - Ekvtime... · wmida eqvTime RmrTiskacis ganvlil mowameob riv gzas `gansawmendlidan~ wmindanobamde

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia

saqarTvelos istorikosTa erovnuli komiteti

gamomcemloba artanuji

Tbilisi 2014

didi eqvTime

saredaqcio kolegia

roin metreveli, akademikosi

Semdgeneli da mTavari redaqtori

naTela vaCnaZe, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

Semdgeneli da redaqtori

Bbuba kudava, istoriis doqtori

arCil koxreiZe, istoriis doqtori

ISBN 978-9941-445-70-5

Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo!

es wigni didi qarTveli mecnierisa da sazogado moRvawis eqvTime TayaiSvilis (wm.

eqvTime RmrTiskaci) cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis srul yofili warmoCenis cdaa.

aq dabeWdilia qveynis wamyvan mec ni erTa statiebi didi eqvTimes cxovrebisa da

moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. gamoqveynebulia (ZiriTadad pirvelad) umniSvnelovanesi saarqivo

masalebi, romelic naTels hfens didi qarTvelis cxovrebisa da moR vaweobis sxvadasxva

sakiTxs; realuradaa warmoCenili (axlad mo po vebuli saar qivo masalis safuZvelze)

qveynidan gatani li ganZis saqarTveloSi dabrunebis realiebi. warmodgenilia dab

runebuli ganZis erTi nawilis ilustraciebi. SegaxsenebT: wigni mTlianad eZRvneba

wmida eqvTime RmrTiskacis ganvlil mowameob riv gzas `gansawmendlidan~ wmindanobamde.

waikiTxeT igi!

Dear Reader!

This book is an attempt fully to depict the life and creative work of the great Georgian scientist and public man Eqvtime Takaishvili (St. Eqvtime, the God’s man). Most important archive materials have been published (mostly for the first time). They reveal various issues of the great Georgian man’s life and creative work. On the basis of the newly acquired archive material, the actual facts of the return of the treasure, which had been taken away from the country and returned to Georgia, are realistically presented. The illustrations of a part of the treasure are depicted. I shall remind you, that the book is entirely devoted to St. Eqvitome, the God’s man’s martyrdom way from ‘the purgatory’ to his sanctity. Read it!

eqvTime TayaiSvili

Ekvtime Takaishvili

10

Contents

Saint EkvtimE and Our COntEmpOrariES

IvaNE JavakhIShvIlIMr. Ekvtime Simon kaukhchishvili’s Scholarly activities – a lecture, read to the Tbilisi Georgian University professors’ board 15

Minutes of the session of Tbilisi Georgian University Professors’ Boardon awarding Ekvtime Takaishvili the degree of Doctor of archaelogy 22

Gocha choGovaDzEEkvtime Takaishvili – hero of the Year of UNESco 23

Pa r T I

EkvtimE GOd’S man

roIN METrEvElIlife and citizenship of St. Ekvtime 28

church records of Ekvtime Takaishvili’s birth (Jan. 5, 1862) and christening dates (Jan. 14, 1863) 42

church records of Ekvtime Takaishvili and Nino Poltoratskaya’s wedding(July, 5, 1895) 45

NIko JavakhIShvIlIThe ancestors of St. Ekvtime God’s Man and his Family Environment 47

lIa TSErETElIThe Way to Sainthood. The Spiritual Portrait of Ekvtime Takaishvili 56

lEvaN vaSaDzEThe Saint 72

11

Pa r T I I

HiStOry

EkvTIME TakaIShvIlI, ThE hElMSMaN oF karTvEloloGIcal BraNchES aT ThE BoUNDarY oF TWo cENTUrIES

the Study of Sources

NIkoloz zhGENTEkvtime Takaishvili and the Study of Sources 76

archaeology, antiquities“Georgian Archaeologists’ nestor” (Giorgi Chubinashvili)

oTar JaParIDzEEkvtime Takaishvili and Georgia’s archaeology 88

MaIa charkvIaNIEkvtime Takaishvili and archaeology 93

Ethnology

TaMIla TSaGarEIShvIlIEkvtime Takaishvili and the Inheritance of the Georgian People 132

Study of art

DIMITrI TUMaNIShvIlIEkvtime Takaishvili and the history of art 144

DavID khoShTarIaEkvtime Takaishvili, the researcher into the antiquities of Tao-klarjeti 155

Epigraphy

GIorGI oThkhMEzUrIEkvtime Takaishvili and the Georgian Epigraphy 163

the Study of manuscripts

roIN METrEvElIremarks, Presented in his own Publication (Ekvtime Takaishvili’s Marginalias of Queen Mariam’s Inventory from “kartlis Tskhovreba” /“history of kartli”/ 238

12

ElENE MachavarIaNIEkvtime Takaishvili – the caretaker of Georgian Illuminated Manuscripts 254

MIkhEIl kavTarIaEkvtime Takaishvili and the Problem of Describing the Georgian Manuscripts Diplomacy 263

TaMaz GoGolaDzEEkvtime Takaishvili and Georgian Diplomacy World history 279

MEraB kalaNDaDzEEkvtime Takaishvili – The lecturer of World history and Its Popularizer 301

Pa r T I I I

pHilOlOGy

ThE hISTorY oF GEorGIaN lITEraTUrE

NESTaN SUlavaEkvtime Takaishvili – researcher into the Georgian literature 310

Pa r T I v

publiC and SCHOlarly aCtivitiES

collEcTING aND rEScUING MaTErIal MoNUMENTS

roIN METrEvElIGeorgia’s historical and Ethnographic Society 359

acTIvITIES IN ThE acaDEMIc INSTITUTE

oTar zhorDaNIaThe caucasian historical and archaeological Institute and Ekvtime Takaishvili (1917-1921) 374

aT ThE SoUrcES oF ThE NEW GEorGIaN STaTEhooD

IakoB PUTkaraDzEEkvtime Takaishvili’s parliament activities 396

13

Pa r T v

rarity

GIorGI oThkhMEzUrIEkvtime Takaishvili’s “old Georgia” 456

Pa r T v I

unknOwn EkvtimE

rUSUDaN laBaDzEEkvtime Takaishvili’s Publications in Foreign Scholarly Publications (1927-1938) 502

Pa r T v I I

tHE SElflESS Guard Of tHE GEOrGian trEaSurE

report of academician S. Janashia, chairman of the commission on receiving the Georgian Museum Treasure 517

archIl kokhrEIDzETheir only Wish Was to Preserve the Treasure(an episod from Ekvtime Takaishvili’s life) 525

ErEklE zhorDaNIaThe Documentary history of the return of the Georgian Treasure 540

Pa r T v I I I

in tHE wakE Of tHE SCHOlar

NaTEla vachNaDzEcollective Memory: “The Burial Place of the Georgian Saints” in Turkey 609

hElEN kavlElaShvIlIThe remnants of the mural painting of armaztsikhe-Bagineti. I century a. D. 617

khaTUNa ToDaDzEUnknown regulations of the church of the 19th century 631

14

JaBa SaMUShIaThe search of Tamar’s grave 643

Pa r T I X

“turqOiSE-Sky, EmErald-land…”

EkvTIME TakaIShvIlI BEForE ThE rEPrESSIvE MachINE

NINo MaMarDaShvIlIFrom “Purgatory” to Sainthood. Two unknown documents. 652

a farewell Speech

akakI ShaNIDzE 660chrISTINE SharaShIDzE 664

reminiscences

MarIaM lorDkIPaNIDzEShort reminiscences 666

vakhTaNG BErIDzEThe legendary person (an extract from the book of recollections) 669

IoSEB MEGrElIDzEFollowing the Events 674

Pa r T X

tHE way tO immOrtality

SErGo varDoSaNIDzESt. Ekvtime, God’s Man 676

502

eqvTime TayaiSvilis publikaciebi

ucxour samecniero gamocemebSi

(1927-1938 ww.)

franguli emigraciis periodSi eqvTime TayaiSvilma gaagrZela sa-

qarTveloSi iZulebiT Sewyvetili samecniero muSaoba. 1922 wels igi

safrangeTis numizmatTa sazogadoebis wevri gaxda, mogvianebiT 1925

wels parizis erT-erT uZveles saazio sazogadoebaSi gawevrianda. amas

garda, igi xSirad ibeWdeboda emigrantul periodul presaSi. safran-

geTSive ixila dRis sinaTle misma gamokvlevebma àrqeologiuri eqspe-

dicia leCxum-svaneTSi 1910 wels~ (parizi, 1937 w.) da àrqeologiuri

eqspedicia kola-olTisSi da CanglSi, 1907 w.~ (parizi, 1938 w.). ufro

adre 1933 wels gamoica `parizis nacionaluri biblioTekis qarTuli

xelnawerebi da oci qarTuli saidumlo damwerlobis niSani~. parale-

lurad igi aqveynebda statiebs evropul enebze sxvadasxva samecniero

gamocemebSi.

samecniero muSaobas mravali dabrkoleba axlda, pirvel rigSi,

eqv TimesaTvis mudam Tanamdevi usaxsroba. advili warmosadgenia am

usaxsrobis masStabi, rodesac parizSi myof mecniers xSirad lon-

donTanac uWirda samecniero mimoweris warmoeba. erT-erT werilSi,

sakuTari statiisaTvis SeniSvnebis miwodebisas, Jurnal `georgikis~

mdivans, andria guguSvils swerda: òrive Tqveni Ria baraTi miviRe.

konverti gaxsnili gamovgzavne rom naklebi fostis fuli gadamexada...~

werili daTariRebulia 1935 wlis 9 TebervliT (xec, eq. TayaiSvilis

fondi, № 672). amave werilSi eqvTime muSaobisaTvis xelisSemSlel sxva

mizezsac asaxelebs. ucxoeTSi myof mkvlevars xelT ar hqonda saWiro

literatura da masalebs umeteswilad saqarTvelosTan mimoweris sa-

SualebiT iRebda. andria guguSvilisadmi imave werilSi vkiTxulobT:

`statias araferi ar unda akldes, aklia mxolod zogierTi SeniSvnebi,

vinaidan wyaroebi maSin sruli ar mqonda, merme zogi miviRe da zogi

sxvebs davavale da amomiweres. zogierTebs aq moviyvan da Tqven Tavis

adgilze SeniSvnis saxiT daurTeT~ (xec, eq. TayaiSvilis fondi, № 672).

503

amisda miuxedavad, parizis, briuselisa da londonis samecniero

gamocemebSi eqvTime TayaiSvilma 1927-1938 wlebSi 11 statia dabeWda.

statiebi Sesrulebulia frangul da inglisur enebze. es gamocemebia:

Journal Asiatique, Byzantion, Georgica, Revue de l’Orient Chrétien da Prométhée. aqve SevniSnavT, rom es ukanaskneli ar aris samecniero gamocema, ma-

gram masSi gamoqveynebuli eqvTime TayaiSvilis statia samecniero-po-

pularuli xasiaTisaa da amitom isic am kategoriaSi SeviyvaneT.

pirveli publikacia 1927 wels Journal Asiatique-Si daibeWda. saazio

Jurnali, igive Journal Asiatique, parizis saazio sazogadoebis organo

iyo. 1927 wlis 11 Tebervals eqvTime TayaiSvilma saazio sazogadoe-

bis sxdomaze waikiTxa moxseneba àfxazeTis mefeTa Sesaxeb ierusalimis

patriarq dosiTeosis cnobebis wyaroebi~. am sxdomis dRis wesrigi da

Tavad moxseneba imave wels gamoqveynda sazogadoebis organoSi. sxdo-

mis dRis wesrigSi vkiTxulobT, rom mari broses gaxsenebis Semdeg, ro-

melmac saukunis win sazogadoebas auwya qarTuli enis Sesaxeb, batonma

TayaiSvilma waikiTxa moxseneba àfxazeTis mefeTa Sesaxeb ierusalimis

patriarq dosiTeosis cnobebis wyaroebi~. eqvTime TayaiSvilis pirad

saarqivo fondSi daculia Jurnalis am nomris furclebi, sadac zo-

gierTi adgilebi avtoris xeliT aris gasworebuli (xec, eq. TayaiSvi-

lis fondi, № 738).

es statia qarTul enaze dabeWdilia saqarTvelos saistorio da

saeTnografio sazogadoebis krebulSi Semdegi saTauriT: `ras Seica-

vda egreT wodebuli afxazeTis istoria bagrat mefisa, romliTac

usargeblia ierusalimis patriarqs dosiTeoss Tavis ierusalimis pa-

triarqTa istoriaSi~. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs krebuli Zveli saqarTvelo,

t. II, tfilisi, 1913, gv. 54-66. igive naSromi cnobilia rusul enazec

(kelenjeriZe 1972: 223-224). 1918 wels Jurnal Àrs”- Si gamoqveynda «Диван абхазских царей. Что заключала в себе так называемая «История Абхазии царя Баграта», которою пользовался иерусалимский патриарх Досифей для своей «Истории Иерусалимских патриархов» (№2-3, gv. 62-70).

briuselSi gamomaval Byzantion-Si, 1935-1937 wlebSi, eqvTime TayaiS-

vilis sami naSromi daibeWda. maT Soris erT-erTi, vanis saxarebis

Sesaxeb, qarTulad jer kidev 1907 wels aris gamoqveynebuli wignSi:

àrxeologiuri mogzaurobani da SeniSvnani~ (wigni I, tf. 1907). ukve sa-

frangeTSi yofnis periodSi eqvTime TayaiSvilma es naSromi («Церковь в Ване в Имеретии и её древности») rusuladac dabeWda krebulSi: «Известия Кавказского Историко-Археологического Института в Тифлисе», т. II, 1917-1925 гг. 1927, Ленинград.

______ eqvTime TayaiSvilis publikaciebi ucxour samecniero gamocemebSi

504

ucnobi eqvTime ________________________________________________________________

ufro xangrZlivi da nayofieri TanamSromloba akavSirebs eqvTime

TayaiSvils Jurnal `Georgica~- sTan. XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi londonSi

inglisur enaze gamodioda saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis istoriis seria

`georgikis~ saxelwodebiT, romelsac ingliseli qarTvelologi uiliam

aleni edga saTaveSi. swored am gamocemis mdivani gaxldaT zemoxsene-

buli andria guguSvili, romelic swavlis gasagrZeleblad germaniaSi

wasuli, pirveli msoflio omis gamo, veRar dabrunebula saqarTvelo-

Si, droTa ganmavlobaSi inglisSi damkvidrebula da mWidro megobroba

da TanamSromloba akavSirebda oliver uordropTan da uiliam alen-

Tan. andria guguSvili londonSi daarsebuli saqarTvelos saistorio

sazogadoebis mdivanic gaxldaT, romlis organosac warmoadgenda Jur-

nali `georgika~.

`georgikaSi~, 1935-1937 wlebSi, eqvTime TayaiSvilma 5 samecniero

statia gamoaqveyna.1 avtorobis garda, emigraciaSi myofi mecnieri am

seriis konsultantic iyo.2 andria guguSvilTan mimoweridan irkveva,

rom eqvTimesaTvis sarecenziod gaugzavniaT grigol feraZis naSromi

palestinis qarTveli berebisa da monastrebis Sesaxeb. avtori apirebda

mis mier aRmoCenili jvris monastris dafarnisa da enqeris fotoebi

maTi warwerebis komentirebis gareSe gamoeqveynebina.3 eqvTime TayaiS-

vilma warwerebis miseuli wakiTxva da SeniSvnebi redaqcias gaugzavna.

SemdgomSi es statia eqvTimes komentarebTan erTad gamoqveynda, rom-

lebic grigol feraZes citirebis saxiT brWyalebSi mohyavs. `georgi-

kasTan~ TanamSromloba meore msoflio omis periodSi aRar gagrZele-

bula, radgan Jurnalis gamocema Sewyda.

erTaderTi naSromi gamoqveynda Revue de l’Orient Chrétien-Si (`qris-

tianuli aRmosavleTis Jurnali~). Jurnalis is 30-e tomi, romelSic

eqvTime TayaiSvilis statia daibeWda 1935-1936 wlebis nomeria, magram

1 1937 wlis nomerSi `saqarTvelos siZveleebis~ saTauriT eqvTime TayaiSvi-

li erTad aqveynebs or naSroms. magram es ori damoukidebeli statiaa da

marTebuli iqneba maTi cal-calke gamoyofa. igive SeiZleba iTqvas `Byzan-tion” – Si dabeWdil publikaciaze, sadac isev `saqarTvelos siZveleebis~

saxelwodebis qveS gaerTianebulia ori statia. am SemTxvevaSic, isini orad

miviCnieT. amitomac, ucxoeTSi gamoqveynebul samecniero publikaciaTa ra-

odenobis gansazRvrisas, Cven 11-s vuTiTebT. 2 Jurnalis konsultantebi iyvnen agreTve m. wereTeli da z. avaliSvili.3 aq saubaria g. feraZis statiaze: An Account of the Georgian Monks and Monaster-

ies in Palestine as Revealed in the Writings of non-Georgian Pilgrims // Georgica (London). – 1937. – Vol. 2, № 4-5. – Autumn. – P. 181-246.

505

1938 wels gamovida, amitom avtoric sakuTar bibliografiaSi am Sro-

mas 1938 wlis publikaciebs Soris aTavsebs (xec, eq. TayaiSvilis fondi,

№ 949). 2010 wels dastambul mecnieris biobibliografiaSi es statia

orive wlis naSromebs Soris aris Setanili (1935 da 1938 ww.), rac, al-

baT, arasworia da, garkveulwilad, gaugebrobasac iwvevs (biobiblio-

grafia 2010: 73-75). statiis saTauria: èpifanes, saqarTvelos kaTali-

kosis warwera~, romelic 1910 wels niko marris mier anisSi aRmoCenili

asomTavruli Zeglis kvlevas warmoadgens.

calke unda gamovyoT Jurnali `Prométhée~. rogorc mecnieris bi-

bliografiaSi aris miTiTebuli, am JurnalSi 1928 wels dabeWdila eqv-

Times ìstoriuli narkvevi saqarTveloSi inteleqtualuri cxovrebis

Sesaxeb~. am saTaurma Tavidanve miipyro Cveni yuradReba. gadavwyviteT

Jurnalis moZieba da statiis Targmna, magram xelnawerTa erovnul cen-

trSi da erovnul samecniero biblioTekaSi, sadac eqvTime TayaiSvilis

piradi koleqciaa daculi, msgavs gamocemas ver mivakvlieT. garkveu-

li Ziebis Semdeg bolosdabolos iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis qarTuli emigraciis muzeumis guram SaraZis

kerZo koleqciaSi aRmovaCineT Prométhée-s nomrebi. es Jurnali ar unda

agverios imave saxelwodebis gamocemaSi, romelic 1918 wels gamodioda

TbilisSi.1 aRsaniSnavia, rom eqvTime TayaiSvils Tbilisur `promeTe-

Sic~ daubeWdavs erTi statia: `labeWinis eklesiis saxareba~ (TayaiS-

vili 1918: 71-78).

franguli `promeTe~ daarsebulia 1925 wels. es iyo yovelTviuri

Jurnali; kavkasiis, ukrainis da Turqestanis xalxebis erovnuli Ta-

vdacvis organo, romlis redaqtori gaxldaT giorgi gvazava. emigra-

ciis muzeumSi daculia nomrebi 1928 wlidan 1938 wlis CaTvliT. Tbi-

lisuri `promeTesagan~ gansxvavebiT, romelic samecniero da politi-

kuri Temebis garda, literaturulsac moicavda, franguli Jurnali

samecniero-politikuri xasiaTis publikaciebs beWdavda.

1928 wlis aprilis nomerSi, rogorc iTqva, gamoqveynda eqvTime

TayaiSvilis moxsenebis nawyveti saqarTveloSi inteleqtualuri cxo-

vrebis Sesaxeb, romelic Tbilisis universitetis daarsebis 10 wlis-

Tavs mieZRvna. mecnieris pirad saarqivo fondSi am moxsenebis qarTuli

versia ar aRmoCnda. arsebobs mxolod rusul enaze Sesrulebuli vrce-

1 Jurnalis saredaqcio kolegiaSi Sediodnen: p. ingoroyva, i. yifSiZe, k. gam-

saxurdia; gamomcemeli – i. sturua. qarTuli `promeTes~ mxolod 3 nomeri

gamovida.


506

ucnobi eqvTime ________________________________________________________________

li moxsenebis Savi, avtografuli, nakluli varianti sam egzemplarad,

romlis saTauria: «Краткий обзор развития образования в древней Грузии и центры образованности в самой Грузии и заграницей» (xec, eq. TayaiSvilis

fondi, № 643). es naSromi erT-erTi imaTTagania, romelic eqvTime

TayaiSvils safrangeTSi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb leqciis saxiT waukiTxavs.

saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg mecniers aRar gaugrZelebia

ucxour gamocemebTan TanamSromloba. 1998 wels inglisSi gamovida se-

riis Àncient Christianity in the Caucasus: Iberica Caucasica” morigi tomi (red.

T. mgalobliSvili), sadac dabeWdilia eqvTime TayaiSvilis ori naSromi

frangul enaze. esenia: èpifanes, saqarTvelos kaTalikosis saxareba~

da ìloris xbos legendis gamosaxuleba zugdidis eklesiis wm. gior-

gis xatze~. rogorc redaqtoriseuli SeniSvnebidan irkveva, 1994 wels

es ori statia k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutSi, Patrologia Orientalis redaqtoris, F. Graffin-is TxovniT, prof. A. Renoux-s miutania.

am statiebis gamoqveyneba ganzraxuli yofila Revue de l’Orient Chrétien-Si. isini jer kidev parizSi myof eqvTime TayaiSvils Patrologia Orientalis da Revue de l’Orient Chrétien-is damaarseblisaTvis, R. Graffin-Tvis (F. Graf-fin-is biZa) Tavad gadaucia dasabeWdad (Iberica Caucasica 1998: 233-234).

Iberica Caucasica-s SeniSvnebSi naTqvamia, rom aRniSnuli naSromebi ara-

sodes gamoqveynebula dasavleTSi. faqtobrivad ki, erT-erTi statia

èpifanes, saqarTvelos kaTalikosis saxareba~ inglisur enaze dabeWdi-

lia, Jurnal Georgica-s 1937 wlis nomerSi.1 rac Seexeba meores, iloris

xbos legendis Sesaxeb, mas marTlac, am gamocemamde ar unaxavs dRis

sinaTle. misi avtografuli, Savi varianti rusul da frangul enebze

daculia eqvTime TayaiSvilis pirad saarqivo fondSi (xec, eq. TayaiS-

vilis fondi, № 426).qvemoT mogvyavs eqvTime TayaiSvilis ucxouri publikaciebis sia

ara qronologiurad, aramed gamocemaTa mixedviT originalis da qar-

Tul enebze, agreTve Prométhée-Si dabeWdili moxsenebis Cveneuli Targ-

mani frangulidan.

eqvTime TayaiSvilis ucxouri publikaciebi 1927-1938 ww.

1 Cven erTmaneTs SevudareT Iberica Caucasica-sa da Georgica-Si warmodgenili

statiebi. unda iTqvas, rom es sxvadasxva enaze Sesrulebuli erTi da igive

naSromia (r. l.).

507

Journal Asiatique

1. Les sources des notices du patriarche de Jérousalem Dosithé sur les rois d’Apkhazie (Liste des rois d’Apkhazie et de la Géorgie en un seul royaume) // Jour-nal Asiatique (Paris). – 1927. – T. 210. – P. 357-368.

Prométhée

1. Aperçu historique de la vie intellectuelle en Géorgie // Journal `Prométhée” (Paris). – 1928. – № 17. – Avril. – P. 22-27.

Byzantion

1. Antiquités Géorgiennes. L’Evangile de Vani // Byzantion (Bruxelles). – 1935. – T. 10. – P. 655-663: 4f. ill.

2. Antiquités Géorgiennes: II. Deux inscriptions de Jean Vardanidzé éristav des Souanes, du XIIe-siècle (Icône de Saint-Georges de L’église de Labétchina et icône de Saint-Georges de Mestia). III. Inscription de l’église de Khvamli // Byzantion (Bruxelles). – 1937. – T. 12. – P. 197-206.

Georgica

1. 1.Georgian chronology and the beginnings of Bagratid rule in Georgia // Geor-gica (London). – 1935. – vol. 1, № 1. – P. 9-27.

2. The Icon of Crucifixion in the Tsalenjikha Church in Megrelia // Georgica (London). – 1936. – Vol. 1, № 2-3. – P. 12-14; 2 p. ill.

3. Four basilican churches of the Qvirila valley: (From the expedition to the Qvirila Valley in 1920) // Georgica (London). – 1936. – Vol. 1, № 2-3. – P. 154-173: 14 p. ill.

4. Antiquities of Georgia: I. The Gospel of Epiphanius, Catholicos of Georgia. II. Some Types of Iconostases of the Ancient Georgian Churches // Georgica (London). – 1937. – Vol. 2, № 4-5. – Autumn. – P. 96-116.: 26 tab.

Revue de l’Orient Chrétien

1. L’inscription d’Epiphane, Catholicos de Géorgie // Revue de l’Orient Chrétien, dirigée par R. Graffin, troisième série, t. 10(30), 1935-1936. – № 1-2. Paris, 1938. – P. 216-224: 4 p. pls.

Journal Asiatique

1. afxazeTis mefeTa Sesaxeb ierusalimis patriarq dosiTeosis

cnobebis wyaroebi (afxazeTisa da gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos mefeTa

sia). Journal Asiatique, t. CCX, parizi, 1927, gv. 357-368.


508

ucnobi eqvTime ________________________________________________________________

Prométhée

1. istoriuli narkvevi saqarTvelos inteleqtualuri cxovrebis

Sesaxeb. Jurn. `Prométhée~, parizi, 1928, № 17, aprili, gv. 22-27.

Byzantion

1. saqarTvelos siZveleni. vanis saxareba. Jurn. `Byzantion~, t. X,

briuseli, gv. 655-663; 7 tab.

2. saqarTvelos siZveleni: II. ioane vardanisZis, svanTa erisTa-

vis XII saukunis ori warwera (labeWinisa da mestiis eklesiebis wminda

giorgis xati). III. xvamlis eklesiis warwera. Jurn. `Byzantion~, t. XII, briuseli, 1937, gv. 197-206.

Georgica

1. qarTuli qoronikoni da bagrationTa dinastiis dasawyisi saqar-

TveloSi. Georgica, t. 1, № 1. londoni, 1935, gv. 9-27.

2. walenjixis eklesiis jvarcmis xati. Georgica, t. 1, № 2-3, lon-

doni, 1936, gv. 12-14; 4 tab.

3. yvirilas xeobis oTxi bazilikuri eklesia: (yvirilas xeobis 1920

wlis eqspediciidan). Georgica, t. 1, № 2-3, londoni, 1936, gv. 154-173; 28

tab.

4. saqarTvelos siZveleni: I. epifanes, saqarTvelos kaTalikosis

saxareba. II. Zveli qarTuli eklesiebis kankelis tipebi. Georgica, t. II,

№ 4-5, londoni, 1937, gv. 96-116; 26 tab.

Revue de l’Orient Chrétien

1. epifanes, saqarTvelos kaTalikosis warwera. Revue de l’Orient Chre-tien, mesame seria, t. X(XXX), 1935-1936, №№ 1-2, parizi, 1938, gv. 216-224;

4 tab.

istoriuli narkvevi saqarTveloSi inteleqtualuri

cxovrebis Sesaxeb

nawyveti moxsenebidan warmoTqmuli profesorTayaiSvilis mier 1928 wlis 19 Tebervals,saqarTvelos universitetis daarsebis10 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT.

rTulia isaubro saqarTvelos universitetze im eris inteleqtua-

luri cxovrebis SesaniSnavi furclebis gaxsenebis gareSe, romelmac

509

SeZlo daemtkicebina sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi suli mraval bedukuR-

marTobaSi Tavisi oriaTaswlovani istoriis ganmavlobaSi.

maS ase, neba miboZeT, warmogidginoT, Tumca arasrul rakursSi, am

warsulis zogadi narkvevi, Tu saidan momdinareobs xalxis neba darCes

masze ufro mowinave civilizaciis doneze misi istoriis yvela epoqaSi.

es istoria SesaZlebelia xuT periodad daiyos:

pirveli periodi

pirveli periodi im dros moicavs, rodesac saqarTveloSi qristia-

noba iwyebs gavrcelebas, ese igi Cveni welTaRricxvis pirvel sauku-

neebSi, magram oficialurad IV saukunis Sua xanebamde igi (qristianoba,

r. l.) aRiarebuli da dominanturi religia ar gamxdara.

qristianobis damkvidrebasTan erTad iseTi mRvdelmsaxurebis au-

cilebloba gaCnda, romlebsac unari eqnebodaT sakuTari roli Seesru-

lebinaT da saxarebebi da saRmrTo werili eTargmnaT.

qarTuli damwerlobis gamogonebis sakiTxi jer kidev ar aris ga-

dawyvetili. legendebi, romlebic damwerlobis Seqmnas Seexeba, arada-

majerebelia.

qarTvelebs mxolod saliteraturo ena rodi aqvT, maTve ekuTvniT

ori anbani: saeklesio da saero, igive mxedruli. saeklesio damwerloba

Tavis mxriv iyofa mTavrul da nusxur damwerlobad.1 Tanamedrove mec-

nierTa umravlesobis mosazrebaze dayrdnobiT, mTavruli damwerloba

ufro Zveli unda iyos; swored misgan Camoyalibda mogvianebiT nusxu-

ri damwerloba. nusxurisagan unda momdinareobdes saero damwerloba,

romelic, akademikos marris mixedviT, warmarTuli saqarTvelos dam-

werlobis gadmonaSTs warmoadgens.

rogorc unda iyos, udavo faqtia, rom daaxloebiT V saukunis Sua

xanebSi qarTvelebs ukve hqondaT saxarebis Targmani TavianT enaze. V

saukuneSi, imave istoriuli monacemebis mixedviT, mefis karze skolebi,

iseve rogorc eklesiebi, arsebobda; mogvianebiT skolebi monastrebSi

gaixsna. es, albaT, dawyebiTi da praqtikuli xasiaTis skolebi iyo. iq

aswavlidnen wera-kiTxvas, saRmrTo werils, liturgias, galobas. am

skolebSi amzadebdnen mRvdlebs, mqadageblebs da maswavleblebs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom V saukuneSi qarTvelebs erTgvari religiuri

kolonia hqondaT palestinaSi. petre iberma iq aaSena saxli sastumro

1 frangul enaze aqac da Semdgomac yvelgan gvaqvs `l’écriture cursive~ – kursivi

damwerloba, swrafi, gakruli xeliT wera, e. w. minuskuli (r. l.).


510

ucnobi eqvTime ________________________________________________________________

qarTvelebisTvis da monasteri, romelic mogvianebiT (VI s.) iqna aRdge-

nili imperator iustiniane didis mier. VI saukuneSi qarTvel misio-

nerebs siriaSi, Sav mTaze, antioqiis maxloblad vxedavT, sadac isini

mniSvnelovan rols asruleben.

am epoqaSi qarTuli eklesia ar gansxvavdeba somxuri eklesiisa-

gan; igi nestorianuli ideologiis gavlenas ganicdis da aRmosavluri

tradiciis erTguli rCeba. Tavdapirvelad, qarTuli eklesia antio-

qiis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebaSi iyo, magram V saukuneSi, vaxtang

gorgasalis mefobis dros igi avtokefaluri gaxda. VI saukunis meore

naxevridan qarTvelTa, iseve rogorc somexTa Soris, ikveTeba ekle-

siis nacionalizaciis moZraoba, romelic 617 wels am eklesiaTa Soris

sruli ganxeTqilebiT sruldeba. am periodis Cvenamde moRweuli ori-

ginaluri Txzulebebia wmida SuSanikis cxovreba (V s.) da wmida evstaTi

mcxeTelis cxovreba (VI s.). es nawarmoebebi TavianTi suliskveTebiTa da

faqizi stiliT namdvil Sedevrebs warmoadgenen; isini amtkiceben, rom

epoqis inteleqtualuri progresi saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovani iyo.

am periodis ganmavlobaSi Cven SegviZlia Tvali gavadevnoT gamoye-

nebiTi mecnierebebis progress, Tu ramdenad aisaxa igi arqiteqturaSi.

martivi, patara eklesiebi, lokaluri tipi IV saukuneSi, VI saukuneSi

iseT uzarmazar da STambeWdav bazilikebad gardaiqmna, rogorebicaa

bolnisis sioni an urbnisi da wyarosTavi, xolo VII saukunidan gumba-

Tiani nagebobebiT dasrulda. am periodTan aris dakavSirebuli jvris

monasteri mcxeTaSi, romlis stili, harmoniuli forma, qristes, ange-

lozebis da qtitorTa ikonografia Sesrulebulia gemovnebiT da nati-

fi fantaziiT. xelovnebis es Zegli Sedevria; mxolod esec sakmarisia

civilizaciis maRali xarisxis dasadastureblad, romelsac saqarTve-

lom am periodis ganmavlobaSi miaRwia, magram arabTa Semosevam, Tavisi

ngrevebiT, SeaCera am civilizaciis ganviTareba.

meore periodi

meore periodi VIII saukunis Sua xanebSi iwyeba; igi X saukunis bo-

lomde grZeldeba. kulturis am gabrwyinebis centrma saqarTvelos

samxreT-dasavleTiT, md. Woroxis auzis mimarTulebiT SavSeT-klarjeTis,

taosa da speris provinciebSi gadainacvla.

aSot I (didi) bagrationma ver SeZlo moegeriebina Tbilisis ara-

bi amira aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi da iZulebuli gaxda ukan daexia

SavSeT-klarjeTSi, sadac dedaqalaqad artanuji airCia (VIII s.). es

511

mTiani qveyana, romelsac Rrma xeobebi kveTs mesxebiT, qarTvelebis

StoTi, xolo sanapiros gaswvriv megrel-lazebiT, qarTveli xalxis

sxva ganStoebiT da marTlmadidebeli somxebiT, iyo dasaxlebuli. aq

cnobilma arqimandritma grigol xanZTelma gaaCaRa SesaniSnavi saqmia-

noba, romelic Tavisi qveynis moralur da inteleqtualur aRmavlobas

miuZRvna. igi gaxda klarjeTis Tormeti monastris winamZRvari, romel-

Ta Soris xuTi monasteri misive daarsebuli iyo. yvelaze ufro cno-

bil monastrebs Soris SeiZleba davasaxeloT xanZTa, Satberdi, opiza,

tbeTi, wyarosTavi; X saukunis dasawyisSi agebul iqna sxva SesaniSnavi

eklesiebi, rogoricaa: bana, oSki, xaxuli da sxva. Woroxis regioni am

epoqaSi qarTuli erovnuli kulturis akvani gaxda, romelmac aRmavlo-

ba qristianul religiaSi hpova. qarTvelebma gawyvites kavSiri siriul-

sparsul eklesiasTan da dasavleTisaken Semobrundnen, raTa ufro mWi-

dro urTierToba daemyarebinaT berZnul-laTinur eklesiasa da dasa-

vlur civilizaciasTan. maT miatoves monofizituri doqtrina, miiRes

qalkedonis msoflio krebis dogmebi da diofizitebi gaxdnen. amrigad,

religiurma cxovrebam mkveTrad gamoxatuli winsvla ganicada.

am epoqis saskolo programa sakmaod gafarTovda; SemoRebul iqna

ucxo enebisa da filosofiis Seswavla; oSkSi Cvens dromdea SemorCe-

nili seminariebis uzarmazari nangrevebi. aq X saukuneSi gadaweril

iqna etratze Sesrulebuli biblia, romelic amJamad aTonze, iberiis

monasterSi inaxeba. am epoqasTan aris dakavSirebuli agreTve qarTvel

wmindanTa cxovrebebi; maT Soris, abos cxovreba ioane sabanisZis mier

Seqmnili (VIII s. dasasruli) da grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, dawerili

951 wels giorgi merCulis mier. es cxovrebebi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas

rogorc RirsSesaniSnavi nawarmoebebi ara mxolod qarTul hagiogra-

fiaSi, aramed mTel qristianul mwerlobaSi. amave periodSi, tao-klar-

jeTis monastrebis skolebma religiuri da kulturuli saqmianobiT

gamorCeuli mravali SesaniSnavi adamiani mogvca: episkoposebi, mRvd-

lebi, mqadageblebi, mwerlebi, mTargmnelebi, kaligrafebi, miniaturis-

tebi, mxatvrebi, ikonografebi, oqromWedlebi da sxva.

Cvens dromde moRweulia etratze Sesrulebuli mravali xelnaweri.

Targmanebi Sesrulebulia ZiriTadad berZnuli, siriuli da arabuli

enebidan, iSviaTad somxuridan. saeklesio sagaloblebsa da himnebs mu-

sikaluri notebic axlavs. am epoqaSi iqna Sedgenili qarTuli eklesiis

kalendari da xmarebaSi Semovida qarTuli welTaRricxva `qoronikoni~,

romelic axal eras 780 wels, ese igi bagrationebis dinastiis xelisu-

flebaSi mosvlis TariRidan iwyebs. fuli bizantiuri modeliT, magram

qarTuli warweriT iWreba. Cvenamde moRweuli mravali literaturuli


512

ucnobi eqvTime ________________________________________________________________

nawarmoebi maTi avtorebis Rrma codnaze metyvelebs, rogorc reli-giur, ise politikur da ekonomikur sakiTxebSi. qarTuli ena srulyo-filebis umaRles xarisxs aRwevs. igi xdeba erTaderTi saliteraturo ena mTeli saqarTvelosaTvis da uaRresad xels uwyobs ganamtkicos qveynis politikuri mTlianoba.

magram saqarTvelos inteleqtualuri cxovreba didi xniT adre gascda qveynis sazRvrebs; ucxoeTSi mravali SesaniSnavi kera Seiqmna. aseTi iyo monasteri Sav mTaze, siriaSi, romelsac saxeli gauTqves didma mwerlebma: efrem mcirem da ioane farnakelma; monastrebi sinas mTaze, kunZul kviprosze, ulumbos an olimpis mTaze, mcire aziaSi; hromanis – konstantinopolis maxloblad; aTonis mTaze da petriwo-nis monasteri makedoniaSi. es monastrebi, romlebic Seqmnilia gamoCe-nili adamianebis TavdadebiT, subsidirebuli da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, qar-Tveli mefeebis mier aris agebuli, epoqis namdvili inteleqtualuri centrebi iyo. gansakuTrebiT, aTonis da petriwonis monastrebma, didi roli Seasrules saqarTvelos inteleqtualuri da moraluri cxovre-bis istoriaSi. es iyo umaRlesi skolebi, sadac qarTvelebi iRebdnen umaRles ganaTlebas, euflebodnen berZnul, siriul, arabul enebs; isini Targmnidnen am enebidan yvelafers, rac yuradRebas imsaxureb-da bizantiur da aRmosavlur literaturaSi. qarTvelebma am epoqaSi bizantiuri civilizaciis dones miaRwies da xeli Seuwyves im proble-mebis warmatebiT gadaWras, romlebsac epoqis filosofiuri da mecnie-ruli azri ayenebda. Cven vxedavT filosofosTa mTeli pleadis gamo-Cenas: efrem mcire, ioane petriwi, ioane tariWisZe, ioane WimWimeli, ioane, metsaxelad `zecieri filosofosi~, arsen iyalToeli da sxvani. am filosofosebma, kerZod ki ioane petriwma, Targmna da gadmonerga neoplatonizmi saqarTveloSi.

mesame periodi

es gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos xanaa. gaerTianeba X saukuneSi daiwyo da XII saukunis dasawyisSi dasrulda. saqarTvelo wina aziis Zlevamosili saxelmwifo gaxda.

mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma daaarsa gelaTis saxelganTqmuli mo-nasteri da Tavisi samefos inteleqtualuri cxovrebis mTavari cen-tris sakiTxi gadaWra. istoriis mixedviT, daviT mefem gelaTi ela-dad, `sxuad aTinad~ Seqmna; aq man Sekriba yvela cnobili swavluli da petriwonis modeliT akademias Cauyara safuZveli. filosofosi ioane petriwi mowveul iqna umaRlesi swavlebis samarTavad. xelmwifis karis

513

garigebis wyalobiT, Cven axla SegviZlia aRvadginoT gelaTis akademiis saSinao cxovreba. akademia avtonomiuri iyo, mas saTaveSi edga `moZR-varT-moZRvari~, romelic mxolod mefes eqvemdebareboda. saxalxo ga-naTlebis ministrs, Wyondidels (Wyondidis episkoposi) neba ar hqonda akademiis saqmeebSi Careuliyo. am wesdebis mixedviT, gelaTis akademiis avtonomia swrafad ganviTarda; igi (gelaTis akademia, r. l.) ifaravda saqarTvelos moraluri da sulieri SaravandediT da Tavis nayofier saqmianobas XVII saukunis bolomde agrZelebda. akademiis mmarTvels, `moZRvarT-moZRvars~ saqarTvelos samefo karze sakmaod maRali rangi ekava.

msgavsi akademia daarsebul iqna iyalToSi, kaxeTSi.es ori saswavlo dawesebuleba uaRresad xels uwyobda bizantiuri

kulturis saqarTveloSi SemoRwevas, magram, meore mxriv, ar unda dag-vaviwydes, rom saqarTvelo mahmadianebiT iyo garSemortymuli da ar SeeZlo aRmosavluri kulturis gavlenisagan Tavi aeridebina. swored am ori dinebis gadakveTis gamo saqarTvelos inteleqtualuri cxovre-ba swrafad ganTavisuflda mxolod da mxolod religiuri gavlenisa-gan da humanisturi koncefciisaTvis xelsayreli aRmoCnda. marTlac, humanizmma saqarTveloSi bevrad ufro adre iCina Tavi, vidre evropaSi. mefeebisa da mTavrebis kari erTgvar skolas warmoadgenda niWis gamo-


literaturuli muzeumis TanamSromlebi stumrad eqvTime TayaiSvilTan. 1952 w.

514

ucnobi eqvTime ________________________________________________________________

savlenad da humanisturi propagandisaTvis. mefeebi da mTavrebi mfar-velobdnen xelovnebasa da mecnierebas da uyvardaT rogorc qarTveli, ise arabi da sparseli swavlulebisa da poetebis garemocvaSi yofna. ase magaliTad, sparsuli da arabuli literaturis yvelaze cnobili nawarmoebebi qarTul enaze iqna Targmnili. nacionaluri da origina-luri literatura aranakleb TvalismomWrelad gaifurCqna Tamaris diadi mefobis dros. didi qarTveli poetebis – SavTelis, CaxruxaZis da, gansakuTrebiT rusTavelis, saxelebi dRemde brwyinaven.

rusTavelis didebuli poema `vefxistyaosani~ igivea saqarTvelo-saTvis, rac ìliada~ saberZneTisaTvis; man SeiZleba msoflio litera-turis Sedevrebs Soris daikavos adgili.

MmeoTxe periodi

XIII saukunis Sua xanebSi saqarTvelo monRolebis Semosevas ganic-dis. qveyana dapyrobili da gaCanagebulia. saqarTvelo or samefod iqna gayofili: qarTlis (aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo) da imereTis (dasavleTi saqarTvelo). magram XIV saukuneSi monRolTa xelisufleba dasustda da saqarTvelom mefis, giorgi brwyinvalis meTaurobiT SeZlo Tavisi

politikuri mTlianoba aRedgina. qveyana TandaTan gaimarTa welSi, sko-

lebi xelaxla gaixsna, gelaTis akademiam warmatebiT gaagrZela Tavisi

rolis Sesruleba im momentamde, vidre monRolTa axalma Semosevam

kidev erTxel ar SeaCera es aRmavloba. Temurlengis jarebma Svidjer

aaoxres qveyana, daamuxruWes erovnuli cxovrebis ganviTarebis yvela

sfero. 1453 wels Turqebis mier kostantinopolis aRebam daagvirgvina

es ubedurebebi da saqarTvelo, evropisagan izolirebuli, ZlivZlivo-

biT umklavdeboda sparseTisa da TurqeTis ganmeorebiT Semotevebs.

inteleqtualuri cxovrebis didi kerebi Caqra, magram dawyebiTi ga-

naTleba kvlav gagrZelda monastrebSi, Tumca Zalze SezRuduli for-

miT. am periodSi agreTve Zalian did rols asrulebdnen qalebi: isini,

ojaxuri keris mcvelebi, amave dros literaturis da literaturuli

tradiciebis damcvelebi iyvnen; aswavlidnen Svilebs wera-kiTxvas, aze-

pirebinebdnen rusTavelis qmnilebis yvelaze lamaz pasaJebs.

mexuTe periodi

es renesansis xanaa, romelic XVII saukunis damdegs daiwyo da XVIII

saukunis bolomde gagrZelda.

515

politikurad TiTqmis vasalobamde damcrobili saqarTvelo am pe-

riodis ganmavlobaSi kvlav ganamtkicebda sicocxlisunarianobas saSi-

nao cxovrebaSi. sparseTis politikurma hegemoniam gaaadvila sparsuli

literaturis gacnoba da gavlena. meore mxriv, igrZnoboda kaTolike

misionerebisa da mogzaurebis mier evropuli ideebis propaganda. am

gavlenaTa wyalobiT inteleqtualuri saqmianoba aRorZinda. arc ori-

ginaluri Txzulebebis nakluloba iyo. am epoqis yvelaze gamoCenili

saxelebia: poetebi – guramiSvili da besik gabaSvili. TviT mefeebic

da batoniSvilebic xSirad literaturas aniWebdnen upiratesobas da

am sferoSi zogjer sakmao talantsac avlendnen. mefeebma: Teimurazma

(1663), arCilma, vaxtang VI-m, Teimuraz II-m da kaTolikos-patriarqma an-

ton I-ma saxeli gauTqves qarTul literaturas rogorc politikuri,

ise wminda literaturuli qmnilebebiT.

mefe vaxtang VI-m 1703 wels TbilisSi pirveli stamba daaarsa,

agreTve Sekriba qarTuli analebi, qronika `qarTlis cxovreba~, kanonTa

kodeqsi, romelic mis saxels atarebs da sxva. misma Zem, batoniSvilma

vaxuStim Seadgina Tavisi saxelganTqmuli ìstoria~ da `saqarTvelos

geografia~. didgvarovanma berma saba-sulxan orbelianma, romelic miv-

lenili iyo lui XIV-is karze elCad da didebulad miiRes versalSi,

qarTuli literatura gamorCeuli TxzulebebiT gaamdidra: igav-ara-

kebis krebuliT da sakmaod cnobili qarTuli leqsikoniT.

amave dros, sajaro ganaTleba did progress ganicdis. mravali

skola gaixsna monastrebSi, axali skolebi daarsda TbilisSi, sionis

sakaTedro taZarSi, Telavsa da nekresSi (kaxeTSi). arc kaTolike misio-

nerebi darCenilan umoqmedoni.

umaRlesi swavlebisTvis ori seminaria iqna daarsebuli: TbilisSi

(1755) da TelavSi. aq gadiodnen Teologiis, gramatikis, ritorikis,

maTematikis da filosofiis kursebs.

maSasadame, saqarTvelo Tavisi inteleqtualuri cxovrebis sruli

aRmavlobisaken miemarTeboda. kanonis proeqti, romelic radikaluri

reformis ganxorcielebas iTvaliswinebda, SemuSavebuli da miRebuli

iqna mefe giorgi XII-is mier, magram ruseTis aneqsiam 1801 wels wertili

dausva aramarto am proeqts, aramed TviT samefos damoukideblobasac.

Cven arafers vityviT rusuli batonobis epoqis Sesaxeb; oRond

davsZenT, rom saukuneze cota meti xnis Semdeg es batonoba daemxo

da saqarTvelom Tavisi politikuri damoukidebloba aRidgina. misi

upirvelesi amocana iyo xalxis inteleqtualuri cxovrebis istoriaSi

ucxo batonobis gamo gawyvetili kavSirebis xelaxla gabma da mecnie-

rebis erovnuli centris Seqmna. swored am ganzraxviT TbilisSi, 1918


516

ucnobi eqvTime ________________________________________________________________

wlis 26 ianvars, daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes, daarsda saqarTve-

los universiteti. qarTveli Tavadaznaurobis mier erisadmi gadace-

mul SesaniSnav SenobaSi ganTavsda ganaTlebis es Zvirfasi kera, xolo

mravalricxovanma qarTvelma mecnierebma, ucxoeTidan samSoblos mia-

Sures, raTa profesorTa pirveli kadrebi SeedginaT.

daviT aRmaSeneblis magaliTiT, romelmac XII saukuneSi daaarsa

iseTi inteleqtualuri qalaqi, rogoric iyo gelaTi da misi akademia,

miiwvia iq qarTveli mecnierebi, imdroindeli civilizebuli samya-

ros yvela kuTxidan, qarTvelma ermac, XX saukunis gariJraJze, Tavis

aTaswlovan dedaqalaqSi, erovnuli universiteti Seqmna, sadac maSinve

Tavi mouyara, ZiriTadad, sazRvrebs gareT gafantul mTel sauniver-

siteto elitas.

EeqvTime TayaiSvili

Jurn. `Prométhée~, parizi, 1928, №17, aprili, gv. 22-27.1

literatura

1. biobibliografia 2010: eqvTime TayaiSvili (1863-1953), biobibliografia,

Tb., 2010.

2. TayaiSvili 1918: TayaiSvili e., labeWinis eklesiis saxareba, Jurn.

`promeTe~, Tb.,# 1918, #1.

3. kelenjeriZe 1972: akademikos eqvTime TayaiSvilis arqivi: aRweriloba.

Seadgina da gamosacemad moamzada e. kelenjeriZem. Tb., 1972.

4. xec: xelnawerTa erovnuli centri.

5. Iberica Caucasica 1998: Ancient Christianity in the Caucasus: Iberica Caucasica, vol. I, edited by Tamila Mgaloblishvili, Curzon, Caucasus world, 1998.

1 iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis qarTuli

emigraciis muzeumi, g. SaraZis kerZo koleqcia.

719

_________________________________________________________________________ Summary

ekvtime tAkAishvili’s PubliCAtions in ForeiGn sCholArly PubliCAtions(1927-1938)

The article deals with Ekvtime Takaishvili’s works published in foreign editions in the period of his French emigration, studied and considered on the basis of archive materials.

as it is known, Ekvtime Takaishvili printed eleven articles in the scholarly publica-tions of Paris, Brussels and london in 1927-1938. The articles are written in the French and English languages. These publications are as follows: Journal asiatique, Byzantion, Georgica, review de l’orient and Promethee.

The article is appended by the list of E. Takaishvili’s foreign publications, but the list is not chronological. It is compiled according to the publications, presented in the lan-guages of the original and the Georgian language, also our translation from French of the article, printed in the magazine Promethee. This historical essay, concerning the intel-lectual life in Georgia, unlike Ekvtime Takaishvili’s other works, more or less known in his mother country before they were published abroad, was never published in the Georgian language. So it was unknown to the scholarly society up to the present day.

their only Wish WAs to Preserve the treAsure(An episode from ekvtime takaishvili’s life)

The article is dedicated to the attitude of Ekvtime Takaishvili and the other promi-nent public men to the Georgian treasure, taken abroad.

One quite an influential part of our compatriots, who had emigrated abroad, tak-ing into consideration the political situation in Europe at that time, took orientation on Germany. They thought it was safer to take the Georgian national treasure to Germany than to leave it in France. It seems that the Germans were also greatly interested in taking hold of the treasure. as for the pro-German Georgians, they remembered the active help of this country to Georgia and at that time also thought that Germany was one of the real forces, that would rescue their country from the russian Bolsheviks. They tried to get more autonomous rights for Georgia from the authorities of Germany, than it had after February 1921, in the period of the second republic.

at the same time there was another part of the Georgian emigrants, who did not think it a good plan to take orientation on Germany. Ekvtime Takaishvili, brought up on European rationalism, also shared this point of view. he, with the assistance of some pro – German Georgians, managed to save our national treasure from the political chaos, cre-ated in Europe, and was able to leave it in Paris.

Both groups of emigrants, connected with this episode of Ekvtime Takaishvili’s life, consisted of patriots, fighting for Georgia’s interests, and in spite of different social-polit-ical points of view were zealously looking for alternative ways to save the national trea-sure, taken abroad, in the most critical moment of its existence.

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