g§¶w³V-g§ñH¥$V‘²

doXdmL²>‘¶‘²

n#mVÝÌ‘²

A‘aH$mof:

Zd‘r H$jm

‘hmamï´>amÁ¶-nmR>çnwñVH$-{Z{‘©{V: VWmAä¶mgH«$‘-g§emoYZ-‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo-4

48.00`g§ñH¥ V AmZ§X B¶ËVm Zddr (g§¶w³V)

g§ñH¥ V A

mZ§X B¶ËVm Zddr (g§¶w³V)

ldU‘²

nR>Z‘²

boIZ‘²

^mfU‘²

‘hmamï´>amÁ¶-nmR>çnwñVH$-{Z{‘©{V: VWm Aä¶mgH«$‘-g§emoYZ-‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo-4

Aä¶mg-2116/(à. H«$. 43/16) EgS>r-4 {XZmL²>H$:-25.4.2016 B˶‘w§ emgZ{ZU©¶H«$‘mL²>H$‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ ñWm{nVm¶m: g‘Ýd¶g{‘˶m: CndoeZo 3.3.2017 {XZo BX§ nwñVH$‘² AZw‘m{ZV‘² &

g‘rno {dÚ‘mZ§ ³¶y. Ama. {M•§ (Q.R.code) ñ‘mQ>©’$moZÛmam "ñH°$Z' H$Vwª e³¶Vo & "ñH°$Z' H¥$Ëdm nmR>çnwñVH$ñ¶ Aܶ¶Zm¶/AܶmnZm¶ Cn¶w³V‘² A{YH§$ gm{h˶§ (URL) àm߶Vo &

g§¶w³V-g§ñH¥$V‘²Zd‘r H$jm

(‘amR>r, JwOamVr, {hÝXr, B§J«Or

B˶mXrZm§ ‘mܶ‘mZm§ H¥$Vo)

àW‘md¥{Îm: … 2017

g§ñH¥$V^mfmVÁkg{‘{V: n§. Jwbm‘ XñVJra {~amgXma

(Aܶj:)lr‘Vr Va{“Ur ImoV S>m°. ‘mYd Ho$iH$aS>m°. ‘mYd ^wñHw$Q>oS>m°. àkm XoenmÊS>olr‘Vr g{dVm dm¶i

(gXñ¶-g{Md)

g§¶moOZ‘² …

lr‘Vr g{dVm A{Zb dm¶i

{deofm{YH$mar, ‘amR>r

{MÌH$mam¡ …

’$méI ZXm’$, ¶edÝV Xoe‘wI

‘wIn¥ð>‘² …

¶edÝV Xoe‘wI

Aja¶moOZ‘² …

^mfm{d^mJ:

nmR>çnwñVH$‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo.

{Z{‘©{V: …

g{ƒXmZÝX Am’$io,

‘w»¶{Z{‘©{V-A{YH$mar

amOoÝÐ {MÝXaH$a,

{Z{‘©{V-A{YH$mar

H$mJX‘² …

‘wÐUmXoe: …

‘wÐH$: …

g§ñH¥$V^mfmä¶mgJUgXñ¶m:

àH$meH$:{ddoH$ CÎm‘ Jmogmdr

{Z¶ÝÌH$: nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V‘ÊS>b‘², à^mXodr, ‘wå~B© - 25.

(S>m°. gw{Zb ‘Ja)gÄMmbH$:

‘hmamï´>amÁ¶nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V: VWm Aä¶mgH«$‘g§emoYZ‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo.

nwUo{XZm‘$: - 28 E{àb, 2017, Ajæ¶V¥Vr¶m ^maVr¶ gm¡a : 8 d¡emI 1939

àñVmdZm AmË‘r¶m: N>mÌm:,

Aï>‘r-H$jm¶m§ g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m: gwðw> n[aM¶: OmV: ñ¶mV² ¶wî‘mH$‘² & Ho$ {Z˶à¶w³Vm: eãXm:, H$W§ eãXmZm§ nañnagå~ÝY:, H$sÑe§ dUm©Zm‘² CƒmaU§, H$sÑer dm³¶aMZm M B{V {df¶o ñnï>Vm ñ¶mV² & EV¡: Ed ^mfmgmYZ¡: AYwZm gm{h˶n[aM¶: A{n àmáì¶: & g§ñH¥$Vo Ho$ H$d¶:, H$m{Z ZmQ>H$m{Z, Ho$ à‘wIm: J«ÝWm: M B{V {df¶o eZ¡: eZ¡: km¶Vo Apñ‘Z² df} &

^mfmgyÌofw ZyVZeãXmZm§, bH$mamUm§ {d{dYì¶mH$aU{~ÝXÿZm§ M kmnZ§ ^d{V & Ahmo ! ì¶mH$aU{Z~ÕVm g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m: B˶{n H$Xm{MV² CÛoJ: ^doV² & qH$ {dZm ì¶mH$aU§ ^mfmܶ¶Z§ Z e³¶Vo ? Am‘² e³¶Vo & Apñ‘Z² nwñVHo$ "aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘²' B{V {deofnmR>‘m{bH$mÛmam ^mfm¶m: à˶jà¶moJ:, "^mfmgyÌ'Ûmam ^mfm{gÕmÝV: M B˶Z¶mo: {‘lar{V: Añ‘m{^: Am{lVm &

gd©Xm ñ‘aV-Aì¶mH$aU‘YrV§ {^ÞÐmoʶm Va{“UrVaU‘² &^ofO‘n϶g{hV§ ̶{‘X‘H¥$V§ da§ Z H¥$V‘² &&AdJ‘ZoZ {dZm n{R>V§ a{Q>V§ M {dñ‘¥V§ ^d{V, AdJ˶ Aä¶mgoZ

à¶w³V§ gd©Xm Ed ñ‘aUo {Vð>{V &eãXgånX: {dZm, ^mfm{Z¶‘mZm§ kmZoZ {dZm ZyVZ^mfmܶ¶Z‘² AnyU©‘² &

ldU§-^mfU§-nR>Z§-boIZ‘² B{V ^mfmgmonmZm{Z H«$‘e: AmamohV &AZoZ nwñVH$‘mܶ‘oZ doXm:, Cn{ZfX:, ‘hmH$mì¶m{Z, n#mVÝ̧,

gw^m{fVm{Z M B{V g§ñH¥$VJ«ÝWgånX² ¶wî‘mH§$ nwaV: CnñWm{nVm & Añ¶m§ {MaZyVZm¶m§ g§ñH¥$Vgm{h˶g¥îQ>çm‘² AmZÝXoZ a‘Üd‘² &

S>m°. ‘mYdr OmoerS>m°. àgmX {^S>oS>m°. àgmX Hw$bH$Uulr. OJXre BÝXbH$a

lr‘Vr A{XVr ‘mYdZ²lr‘Vr {dkmnZm JmoH$U©H$alr‘Vr F$Mm d¡Úlr‘Vr H$mÄMZ Omoer

lr‘Vr eodÝVr Xm“Q> S>m°. ‘mYdr Zagmiolr‘Vr ñdmVr OmYdlr‘Vr AM©Zm Omoer

ã ‘hmamï´>amÁ¶nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V: VWm Aä¶mgH«$‘g§emoYZ‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo - 411 004.Añ¶ nwñVH$ñ¶ gd} A{YH$mam: ‘hmamï´>amÁ¶nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V: VWm Aä¶mgH«$‘g§emoYZ‘ÊS>bñ¶ gpÝV & ‘hmamï´>amÁ¶nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V: VWm Aä¶mgH«$‘g§emoYZ‘ÊS>bñ¶ g#mmbH$ñ¶ {b{IV-AZw‘qV {dZm Añ¶ nwñVH$ñ¶ H$‘{n ^mJ‘² CX²Y¥V§ H$Vwª Z e³¶Vo &

70 GSM Creamwove

N/PB/2017-18/100000

M/s. Shree Printers, Pune

^maVñ¶ g§{dYmZ‘²

àñVmdZmd¶§, ̂ maVñ¶ OZm:, ̂ maV§ gånyU©à^wËdgånÞ§, g‘mOdm{XZ§,

gåàXm¶{Zanoj§, bmoH$VÝÌmË‘H§$ JUamÁ¶§ {dYmVw§, Vñ¶ g‘ñVmZ² ZmJ[aH$m§ü

gm‘m{OH$‘², Am{W©H§$, amOZr{VH§$ M ݶm¶§, {dMmañ¶, A{^춺o$:, AmñWm¶m:, Y‘©ñ¶, CnmgZm¶mü ñdVÝÌVm§, à{Vð>m¶m:, Adgañ¶ M g‘Vm§ àmn{¶Vw§;Vofw gd}fw M ì¶{º$Jm¡adñ¶ amï´>ñ¶ EH$Vm¶m:, AIÊS>Vm¶mü gw{Züm{¶H$m§ ~ÝYwVm§

dY©{¶Vw§;H¥$VÑT>g‘ ënm: Añ¶m‘² Añ‘Xr¶m¶m§ g§{dYmZg^m¶m‘²AÚ, p¼ñVr¶o 1949 V‘o df} Zdå~a‘mgñ¶ 26-V‘o {XZo

(2006-V‘o {dH«$‘g§dËgao ‘mJ©erf} ewŠbnjo gáå¶m§ {VWm¡) EVoZ BX§ g§{dYmZ‘² A“rH¥$V‘², A{Y{Z¶{‘V‘², AmË‘m{n©V§ M Hw$‘©ho &

^maVmo ‘‘ Xoemo@¶§ ^maVr¶mü ~mÝYdm: &namZwap³Vapñ‘Z² ‘o Xoeo@pñV ‘‘ gd©Xm &&1&&

g‘¥Õm {d{dYmümñ¶ ¶m Xoeñ¶ naånam: &gpÝV Vm: à{V ‘o {Z˶‘{^‘mZmoÞV§ {ea: &&2&&

à¶{Vî¶o gXm Mmh‘mgmX{¶Vw‘h©Vm‘² &¶oZ Vmgm§ ^{dî¶m{‘ lÕm¶w³V: nXmZwJ: &&3&&

g§‘mZ¶o¶§ {nVam¡ d¶moÁ¶oð>mZ² Jwê§$ñVWm &gm¡OݶoZ¡d dV}¶ VWm gd£ah§ gXm &&4&&

ñdH$s¶oZ {h XoeoZ ñdXoer¶¡ü ~mÝYd¡: &EH$mÝV{Zð>‘mMma§ à{VOmZo {h gd©Wm &&5&&

EVofm‘od H$ë¶mUo g‘wËH$f} VW¡d M &ZyZ§ {d{Z{hV§ gdª gm¡»¶‘m˶pÝVH§$ ‘‘ &&6&&

à{Vkm

amï´>JrV‘²

OZJU‘Z-A{YZm¶H$ O¶ ho^maV-^m½¶{dYmVm &

n§Om~, {g§Yw, JwOamV, ‘amR>m,Ðm{dS>, CËH$b, ~§J,

{d§Ü¶, {h‘mMb, ¶‘wZm, J§Jm,CÀN>b Ob{YVa§J,

Vd ew^ Zm‘o OmJo, Vd ew^ Am{eg ‘mJo,Jmho Vd O¶JmWm,

OZJU ‘§JbXm¶H$ O¶ ho,^maV-^m½¶{dYmVm &

O¶ ho, O¶ ho, O¶ ho,O¶ O¶ O¶ O¶ ho &&

g§ñH¥$V‘² &

joÌ‘² j‘Vm{dYmZm{Z

ldU‘² 1. AmH$medmʶm VWm Xÿa{MÌdmʶm àgm[aVñ¶ g§ñH¥$VdmVm©nÌñ¶ ldU‘² &

2. {ejHo$U g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ àXÎmmZm§ X¡ZpÝXZgyMZmZm§ ldU‘² AdJ‘Z§ M &

3. nmR>‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ ¶m: aMZmË‘H$H¥$Vr… {ejH$… g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ gyM¶{V, Vmgm§ ldU‘² AdJ‘Z§ M &

4. g§ñH¥$Vo nÚñ¶ N>ÝXmo~ÕVm, d¥Îmm{Z EVofm§ ldUoZ A{YH$… Aä¶mg… &

^mfU‘² 1. g§ñH¥$Vñ¶ CƒmaUd¡{eîQ>çmZm§ gå^mfU‘mܶ‘oZ A{YH$… Aä¶mg… &

2. {ejHo$U n¥ï>mZm§ àýmZm§ g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ g{dñVa§ à˶wÎmam{U &

3. {‘Ì¡… gh g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ g§dmX… &

nR>Z‘² 1. g§ñH¥$VnmR>çñ¶ AW©nyUª dmMZ‘² &

2. doX-‘hmH$mì¶-ZmQ>H$m{Xgm{h˶ofw {dÚ‘mZm: ¶m: gy³V¶… ì¶dhmao àM{bVm…, Vmgm§ nR>Z‘² &

3. g§ñH¥$VñVmoÌmUm§ ¶Wm¶mo½¶§ nR>Z‘² &

boIZ‘² 1. Xmof{da{hV§ lwVboIZ‘² &

2. boIZ{Z¶‘mZ² AZwg¥Ë¶ n[aÀN>oXboIZ‘² &

3. H¥$VrZm§ g§jonoU {ddoMZ‘² &

Aܶ¶Z‘² 1. g§ñH¥$VeãXH$mofñ¶ {Z¶Vmon¶moJ… eãXg‹L²>J«ho A{^d¥{Õ… M &

2. g‘ñ¶mny{V©-àho{bH$m-AmXrZm§ H$mì¶àH$mamUm§ agmñdmXZ‘² &

3. ^m{fH$H«$sS>mZm‘² AmZÝXmZw^y{V: &

4. JÚnÚmZwdmXñ¶ ñdmܶm¶… &

5. emóJ«ÝWmZm§ {df¶o {Okmgm¶m… d¥{Õ… &

6. A‘aH$mofñ¶ Aܶ¶Z‘² &

^mfmä¶mg: 1. g§ñH¥$VeãXOmbñ¶ ny{V©… &

2. ì¶dhmao g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ gabgå^mfU§ bH$mamUm‘² C{MV… à¶moJ… M & (AmkmW©: {dܶW©: M &)

3. A춶mZm§ dmŠ¶ofw C{MV… à¶moJ… &

4. gpÝY{dJ«h§ gpÝY§ M H¥$Ëdm nmR>çdmMZ‘² &

5. g‘mgmZm§ gÝX^©‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ {dJ«h… &

6. EH$V: eVn¶©ÝV§ (1-100) gL²>»¶mZm§ kmZ‘² &

Zd‘rH$jmÀN>mÌmUm§ g§ñH¥$V^mfm{df¶o AYmo{bpIVmZm§ j‘VmZm§ {dH$mg: ^doV² B{V Anojm dV©Vo &

nmR>çnwñVH$ñ¶ Ano{jVn[aUm‘mWª gdm©gm§ j‘VmZm§ gw¶mo½¶{dH$mgmWª à{Vgámh§ >{Vò: (3) Vm{gH$m: Ano{jVm: &

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² &1. qH$ H¥$Ëdm ? qH$ H$Vw©‘² ? ...72. dUm©Zm§ gmhM¶©‘² & ...123. qH$ H$adm{U ? ...154. qH§$ Hw$¶m©V² ? qH$ ^doV² ? ...275. {H«$¶mnX§ qH$ H$W¶{V ? - 1 ..306. H$: H¥$VdmZ² ? H$m H¥$VdVr ?..317. CnnX{d^³V¶: ...368. gL²>»¶m{deofUm{Z - 1 ...439. gL»>¶m{deofUm{Z - 2 ...4710. {H«$¶mnX§ qH$ H$W¶{V ?-2 ..4811. Ho$Z H¥$V‘² ? ....63 12. {deofU{dñVma: & .... 68

^mfmgyÌ‘² &1.A) Zm‘m{Z & Am) gd©Zm‘m{Z &..17

B) YmVwgm{YV-A춶m{Z & B©) bmoQ²>bH$ma: &

2. A) {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma: & ...39

Am) g‘mgm: & 3. A) Zm‘m{Z & ...53 Am) gd©Zm‘m{Z & B) {H«$¶mnXm{Z & (YmVyZm§ {ÛVr¶: g‘yh:)

B©) H$‘©dmÀ¶§ {H«$¶mnX‘² & C) {d^p³VVËnwéfg‘mg: &

4.A) b¥Q²>bH$ma: & ... 70 Am) H$‘©Yma¶g‘mg: & B) ^yV.-YmVw.-{deofUm{Z &

{ÛVr¶§ gÌ‘² &

7. gyp³VgwYm & (nÚ‘²) ...45

8. ‘Zg: ñdÀN>Vm & (JÚ‘²) ...49

9. A‘aH$mof: & (g§dmX:) ...51

10.H$mì¶emó{dZmoX: & (nÚ‘²)..64

11. ‘ZmoamÁ¶ñ¶ ’$b‘² & (JÚ‘²).66

gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² &

1. gL²>»¶m: &2. {MÌnXH$mof: & ... 13. g‘¶: & ...26

àW‘§ gÌ‘² &

1. gwð>w J¥hrV: Mm¡a: & (JÚ‘²) .

..5

2.A춶‘mbm & (nÚ‘²)

...10

3. qH$ {‘϶m ? qH$ dmñVd‘² ?..13

(g§dmX:)

4. {dܶW©‘mbm & (nÚ‘²)

...28

5. drad{ZVm {dínbm & (JÚ‘²)..3

3

6.{nZ²H$moS²>àdV©H$: ‘hmZ²

g§ñH¥$Vk: & (JÚ‘²)

...37

{H$‘² ApñV nwñVHo$ ?

• KQ>H$narjmàmê$n‘²&..25 • H¥${Vn{ÌH$m & ...78

• eãXH$mof: & ... 75• narjmàmê$n‘² & ... 76

A^rpßgVmW©{gX²Ü¶Wª ny{OVmo ¶: gwamgwa¡: & gd©{d¿ZhañVñ‘¡ JUm{YnV¶o Z‘: &&1&&

¶m Hw$ÝXoÝXþVwfmahmaYdbm ¶m ew^«dómd¥Vm ¶m drUmdaXÊS>‘pÊS>VH$am ¶m ídoVnÙmgZm & ¶m ~«÷mÀ¶wVeL²>H$aà^¥{V{^X}d¡: gXm dpÝXVm gm ‘m§ nmVw gañdVr ^JdVr {Z:eofOmS>çmnhm &&2&&

AkmZ{V{‘amÝYñ¶ kmZmÄOZebmH$¶m & MjwéÝ‘r{bV§ ¶oZ Vñ‘¡ lrJwado Z‘: &&3&&

H$mbo df©Vw nO©Ý¶: n¥{Wdr gñ¶em{bZr & Xoemo@¶§ jmo^a{hV: g‚mZm: gÝVw {Z^©¶m: &&4&&

gd}@Ì gwpIZ: gÝVw gd} gÝVw {Zam‘¶m: & gd} ^Ðm{U ní¶ÝVw ‘m H${üÔþ:I‘mßZw¶mV² &&5&&

{ejHo$U AdYmVì¶m: A§em: &Aï>å¶m§ H$jm¶m§ ^mfm¶m: gwðw> n[aM¶: OmV: & AV: ¶mdÀN>³¶§ g§ñH¥$Vñ¶ g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ¡d nmR>Z§ ^dVw &

H$jm¶m§ g§ñH¥$VdmVmdaU§ ^doV² & ZyVZeãXmZm§ n[aM¶mW©‘² AZwdmXñ¶ Anoj¶m dñVw/H¥$qV Xe©{¶Ëdm A{^Z¶Ûmam nmR>Z§ ^doV² & "aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘²/gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘²' EV¶mo: ‘mܶ‘oZ {df¶àdoe: ^doV²& "^mfmgyÌñ¶' ‘mܶ‘oZ {Z¶‘kmZ§ ^doV² & CnñWmnZ‘², Aä¶mg: à¶moJ: M B{V {ÌgyÌr AܶmnZo Aml¶Ur¶m & nmR>[^Þm: Z¡Ho$ nyaH$m: ‘ZmoaÄOH$m: A§em: nwñVHo$ ¶mo{OVm:, ¶Wm- nR>V-~moYV, hgV-ZÝXV, JrVm{Z, agàíZm: B˶mX¶: & Vo ^mfm{dH$mgmW©‘² Amdí¶H$m: & ^mfmä¶mgo XÎmm: H¥$V¶: nmR>ñ¶ AmH$bZmW©‘² Amdí¶H$m: & narjm{Z{‘Îm§ àmê$nmZwgma‘² Ano{jVm: àíZm: {ejH¡$: ñd¶§ aMZr¶m: &

àmW©Zm & (Ho$db§ H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘²)

1. EH$‘²2. Ûo3. Ìr{U4. MËdm[a5. n#m6. fQ²7. gá8. Aï>9. Zd10. Xe11. EH$mXe12. ÛmXe13. ̶moXe14. MVwX©e15. n#mXe16. fmoS>e17. gáXe18. Aï>mXe19. ZdXe (EH$moZqde{V:)20. qde{V:

21. EH$qde{V:22. Ûmqde{V:23. ̶moqde{V:24. MVw{dªe{V:25. n#mqde{V:26. fS²{d§e{V:27. gáqde{V:28. Aï>mqde{V:29. Zdqde{V: (EH$moZqÌeV²)30. qÌeV²31. EH$qÌeV²32. ÛmqÌeV²33. ̶qóeV²34. MVwqóeV²35. n#mqÌeV²36. fQ²{̧eV²37. gáqÌeV²38. Aï>mqÌeV²39. ZdqÌeV² (EH$moZMËdm[a¨eV²)40. MËdm[a¨eV²

41. EH$MËdm[a¨eV²42. {ÛMËdm[a¨eV²43. {ÌMËdm[a¨eV²44. MVwíMËdm[a¨eV²45. n#mMËdm[a¨eV²46. fQ²MËdm[a¨eV²47. gáMËdm[a¨eV²48. Aï>MËdm[a¨eV²49. ZdMËdm[a¨eV² (EH$moZn#mmeV²)

50. n#mmeV²51. EH$n#mmeV²52. {Ûn#mmeV²53. {Ìn#mmeV²54. MVwîn#mmeV²55. n#mn#mmeV²56. fQ²n#mmeV²57. gán#mmeV²58. Aï>n#mmeV²59. Zdn#mmeV² (EH$moZf{ï>:)60. f{ï>:

61. EH$f{ï>:62. {Ûf{ï>:63. {Ìf{ï>:64. MVw:f{ï>:65. n#mf{ï>:66. fQ²f{ï>:67. gáf{ï>:68. Aï>f{ï>:69. Zdf{ï>:(EH$moZgá{V:) 70. gá{V:71. EH$gá{V:72. {Ûgá{V:73. {Ìgá{V:74. MVwñgá{V:75. n#mgá{V:76. fQ²gá{V:77. gágá{V:78. Aï>gá{V:79. Zdgá{V: (EH$moZmer{V:)80. Aer{V:

81. EH$mer{V:82. Ûçer{V:83. Ͷer{V:84. MVwaer{V:85. n#mmer{V:86. fS>er{V:87. gámer{V:88. Aï>mer{V:89. Zdmer{V:(EH$moZZd{V:)90. Zd{V:91. EH$Zd{V:92. {ÛZd{V:93. {ÌZd{V:94. MVwZ©d{V:95. n#mZd{V:96. fÊUd{V:97. gáZd{V:98. Aï>Zd{V:99. ZdZd{V: (EH$moZeV‘²)100. eV‘²

gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² & gL²>»¶m: &

EH§$ Xe eV§ M¡d ghò‘¶wV§ VWm & bj§ M {Z¶wV§ M¡d H$mo{Q>a~w©X‘od M &&d¥ÝX§ Idm} {ZId©íM eL²>I: nX²‘íM gmJa: & AÝ˶§ ‘ܶ§ namYª M Xed¥X²Ü¶m ¶WmH«$‘‘² &&

H«$sS>m - gL²>»¶mÝdofU‘² &g‘rno {dÚ‘mZo MVwîH$moUo EH$V: eVn¶©ÝV§ gL²>»¶m: {b{IVm: gpÝV & EH$: JU: gL²>»¶m§ dX{V & Ana: JU: MVwîH$moUo {dÚ‘mZm§ gL²>»¶m‘² ApÝdî¶{V &¶Wm - EH$mXe

5 100 37 97 14 43 30 66 81 23

82 41 96 65 31 60 71 87 3 59

99 80 9 42 72 64 12 32 8 48

38 74 16 35 51 15 98 36 63 58

6 24 67 1 73 25 46 20 33 10

75 44 52 34 21 62 88 47 83 40

91 26 11 84 61 50 22 76 4 57

17 85 53 89 27 78 2 93 70 28

39 92 7 95 79 55 45 56 13 86

29 54 68 49 18 94 19 69 90 77

1000 - ghò‘², 10,000 - A¶wV‘², 1, 00,000 - bj‘², 10,00,000 {Z¶wV‘², 1,00,00,000 - H$mo{Q>:

1

a“d„r nmXH$Q>:

Od{ZH$m

Ûma‘²

AmÀN>mXH$‘²

nmH$embm

n¶©L²>H$:

dm¶wMw{„:

àYmZH$j:

Vën:

ñWm{bH$m {‘lH$:

CnYmZ‘²

H$Q>mh:

g‘rH$a:

nmÌ‘²

Xdu

jmbZ¶ÝÌ‘² nwînmYmZr

^moOZnrR>‘²

gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² & {MÌnXH$mof: &

22

XÝVd¡Ú: AÝVambdra:

VjH$:

Yrda:

VÝVwdm¶:

Hw$å^H$ma:

Amn{UH$:

A{^¶ÝVm

‘mbmH$ma: {ejH$: nmMH$:

¶mZMm{bH$m

n[aMm[aH$m

d¡km{ZH$:

d¡‘m{ZH$:

AmajH$:

bonH$ma:

gm¡{MH$:

nÌdmhH$:

d¥Îm¶: &

^madmh:

3

A{^Z¶{V Xe©¶{V IZ{V

CËßbdVo

àjmb¶{V nwQ>rH$amo{V

‘W{V/‘ÏZm{V

b”Vo

{ZînrS>¶{V

Adgn©{V

grì¶{V

Q>L²>H$¶{V

Am{bI{V

e¥Umo{V कासतेO¥å^Vo जिघ्रजत

{ZîH$mg¶{V {^Z{ÎmH¥$f{V

{H«$¶m: &

44

• n#mXe dm³¶m{Z &

bQ²> (dV©‘mZH$mb:) bL²>> (^yVH$mb:)nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘² nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

àW‘:

nwéf:

g: nwéf:gm H$ݶm JÀN>{V a‘Vo AJÀN>V² Aa‘VVX² An˶§Vm¡ nwéfm¡Vo H$ݶo JÀN>V: a‘oVo AJÀN>Vm‘² Aa‘oVm‘²Vo An˶oVo nwéfm: Vm: H$ݶm: JÀN>pÝV a‘ÝVo AJÀN>Z² Aa‘ÝVVm{Z An˶m{Z

‘ܶ‘:

nwéf:

Ëd§ JÀN>{g a‘go AJÀN>: Aa‘Wm:¶wdm§ JÀN>W: a‘oWo AJÀN>V‘² Aa‘oWm‘²¶y¶§ JÀN>W a‘Üdo AJÀN>V Aa‘Üd‘²

CÎm‘:

nwéf:

Ah§ JÀN>m{‘ a‘o AJÀN>‘² Aa‘oAmdm§ JÀN>md: a‘mdho AJÀN>md Aa‘md{hd¶§ JÀN>m‘: a‘m‘ho AJÀN>m‘ Aa‘m‘{h

• AdJÀN>V H$maH$m{U &

H$maH$m{U {d^³V¶: CXmhaUm{Z

1. H$Vm© àW‘m AmewVmof: Jm¶{V & (~mb) {bI{V &a{gH$m ImX{V & (ar‘m) dX{V &¶mZ§ Mb{V & (nU©) nV{V &

2. H$‘© {ÛVr¶m gwYm§ew: ‘oK§ ní¶{V & amOm (godH$) Amˆ¶{V &

3. H$aU‘² V¥Vr¶m Ah§ ‘wIoZ dXm{‘ & ajH$: (XÊS>) VmS>¶{V &

4. gåàXmZ‘² MVwWu ‘mVm nwÌm¶ ^moOZ§ n[adof¶{V &Y{ZH$: (¶mMH$) YZ§ XXm{V &

5. AnmXmZ‘² n#m‘r ñ¶yVmV² dó§ nV{V & (d¥j) ’$b§ nV{V & (AmH$me) Vmo¶§ nV{V &

6. A{YH$aU‘² gá‘r N>mÌm: dJ} Cn{depÝV & IJm: (d¥j) Hy$OpÝV & ‘Ëñ¶m: (ZXr) VapÝV &

* fð>r {d^p³V: Z {H«$¶mnXgå~pÝYZr & AV: gm Z H$maH${d^p³V: &

}}}

nwZ:ñ‘maU‘² &

5

XodXÎm: Zm‘ H$mo@{n Y{ZH$: AmgrV² & EH$Xm Vñ¶ YZñ¶yV: bwá>: & Vñ¶ J¥ho fS>² ^¥Ë¶m: AmgZ² & Vofw Ed EH$: Mm¡a: ñ¶mV², B{V Vñ¶ ‘V‘² & Mm¡a§ J«hrVw§ g: dra~b§ gmhm涑² A¶mMV& dra~b: AdXV², ""{‘Ì! AÚ gm¶L²>H$mbo Vd gdm©Z² ^¥Ë¶mZ² ‘‘ J¥h§ àof¶'' B{V&

¶Wm{ZpíMV§ gd} godH$m: dra~bñ¶ J¥h‘² AmJVm: & dra~boZ nyd©‘od gd}fm§ H¥$Vo g‘mZmoÞV¶: ¶{ï>H$m: AmZrVm: & g: godH$mZ² AdXV², ""^mo: ní¶ÝVw, EVm: ‘m¶m¶{ï>H$m: & Vmgw EH$m§ ¶{ï>H$m§ ñdrH¥$˶ gdo£: XodXÎmñ¶ J¥h§ JÝV춧, œ: à^mVo nwZamJÝV춑² & ¶oZ Ho$Zm{n YZñ¶yV: Mmo[aV: ñ¶mV² Vñ¶ ¶{ï>H$m A“x{b‘m̧ XrKm© ^{dî¶{V &''

amÌm¡ gd} ^¥Ë¶m: gwIoZ {ZÐm‘² AHw$d©Z² F$Vo EH$ñ‘mV² & g: A{MÝV¶V², ""œ: àmV: ‘‘ Mm¡¶ª àH${Q>V§ ^doV² & AV: Ah‘² AYwZm Ed ‘‘ ¶{ï>H$m‘² A“x{b‘m̧ H$V©¶m{‘ &'' B{V {MÝV{¶Ëdm VWm H¥$Ëdm g: gwIoZ gwßV: &

AݶoÚw: bKw¶{ï>H$m§ ÑîQ‰>¡d dra~boZ Mm¡a: gå¶H²$ kmV: J¥hrV: M & AnamYr ^¥Ë¶: dra~bñ¶ nmX¶mo: n{VËdm ñdñ¶ AnamY‘² A“rH¥$VdmZ² YZñ¶yV§ M à˶{n©VdmZ² &

àW‘: nmR>: & gwðw> J¥hrV: Mm¡a: & àW‘: KQ>H$: &

66

1. C{MV§ n¶m©¶§ {MZwV &1. H$ñ¶ YZñ¶yV: bwá: ? (A) XodXÎmñ¶ (Am) dra~bñ¶ (B) ^¥Ë¶ñ¶ > (B©) Z¥nñ¶ 2. J¥ho H${V ^¥Ë¶m: AmgZ² ? (A) n#m (Am) gá (B) fS²>> (B©) EH$:3. dra~b: H$ñ¶ {‘Ì‘² ? (A) ^¥Ë¶ñ¶ (Am) Y{ZH$ñ¶ (B) ¶{ï>H$m¶m:> (B©) Mm¡añ¶4. "œ: ‘‘ Mm¡¶ª àH${Q>V§ ^doV² &' B{V {MÝVm H$ñ¶ {MÎmo Om¶Vo? (A) Xmgñ¶ (Am) dra~bñ¶ (B) Y{ZH$ñ¶> (B©) Z¥nñ¶

2. H$: H§ dX{V ?1. ""ní¶ÝVw EVm: ‘m¶m¶{ï>H$m: &'' 2. ""{‘Ì, AÚ gm¶L²>H$mbo Vd gdm©Z² ^¥Ë¶mZ² ‘‘ J¥h§ àof¶ &''

3. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV & 1. dra~boZ Mm¡a: H$W§ J¥hrV: ?

4. ñVå^‘obZ§ Hw$éV &

{deofU‘² {deo²g‘mZmoÞV¶: YZñ¶yV:

gdm©Z² Mm¡a:bwá: ¶{ï>H$m:J¥hrV: ^¥Ë¶mZ²

6. nmR>mV² g‘mZmW©H§$ eãX§ {MËdm aoIm{M̧ nya¶V &

^mfmä¶mg:

5. {déÕmW©H$eãXmZm§ ¶w½‘§ {MZwV {bIV M &

nyd©‘² JVm: XrKm© OmJ¥V:

^¥Ë¶: õñdm gwá: ñdm‘r

Y{ZH$: níMmV² AmJVm: X[aÐ:

4)

YZmT>ç:

Bä¶:

YZgånÞ:

YZdmZ²

1) 2)

VñH$a:

nmQ>ƒa:ñVoZ:

‘mofH$:

e¶Z‘²

gw{á:

ñdmn:

ñdnm

godH$: MoQ>H$:

Xmg:

Xmgo¶:

{H$L²>H$a:

n[aM

maH$:

7

Améø, àm϶© B˶oVm{Z nyd©H$mbdmMH$-ë¶~ÝV-A춶m{Z &

n{R>Ëdm, H¥$Ëdm B˶oVm{Z nyd©H$mbdmMH$-ËdmÝV-A춶m{Z &

~mbH$: nwñVH§$ nR>{V nmR>embm§ JÀN>{V M &

‘mVm nmH§$ H$amo{V ^moOZ§ n[adof¶{V M &

{dÚm{ZHo$VZ‘²

~mbH$: nwñVH§$ n{R>Ëdm nmR>embm§ JÀN>{V &

‘mVm nmH§$ H¥$Ëdm ^moOZ§ n[adof¶{V &

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & qH$ H¥$Ëdm ?

d¥Õm Xod§ àmW©¶Vo {ZÐm§ H$amo{V M &

AÛ¡V: d¥j‘² Amamoh{V Cn{de{V M &

AÛ¡V: d¥j‘² Améø Cn{de{V &

d¥Õm Xod§ àm϶© {ZÐm§ H$amo{V &

88

1. ‘obZ§ Hw$éV & ImX{V gpå‘ë¶ {n~{V ñ‘¥Ëdm gpå‘b{V Im{XËdm ñ‘a{V àm߶ àmßZmo{V nrËdm

3. nyd©H$mbdmMH$¶mo: Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm XrKª dmŠ¶§ Hw$éV &

‘H©$Q>: d¥jmV² -----no{Q>H$m§-----Q>mo{nH$m§ ----- ‘ñVHo$ ------ d¥j‘² Amamoh{V & H«$sS>m - nyd©H$mbdmMH$¶mo: Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm A{VXrKª dmŠ¶§ dXV &

2. JUÛ¶o {bIV &CŠËdm, nyO{¶Ëdm, gånÚ, g§ö˶, Y¥Ëdm, Ym{dËdm, à{dí¶, ñZmËdm, CÈ>r¶, {Z‘Á¶, AdVr¶©, CËWm¶, Améø, CËn˶, {gŠËdm, pñWËdm, M{bËdm, {ZînrS>ç, CX²KmQ>ç, {ZîH$mñ¶

dmŠ¶m{Z {Zarú¶ ^oX‘² AdJÀN>V -1. gmYd: ’$bm{Z XÎdm {ZJ©ÀN>pÝV & 1. gmYd: ’$bm{Z àXm¶ {ZJ©ÀN>pÝV &2. d¥Õm Xod§ ZËdm H$m¶©‘² Ama^Vo & 2. d¥Õm Xod§ àUå¶ H$m¶©‘² Ama^Vo &3. AmajH$m: Mm¡a§ VmS>{¶Ëdm H$mamJ¥h§ Z¶pÝV & 3. AmajH$m: Mm¡a§ gÝVmS>ç H$mamJ¥h§ Z¶pÝV &4. YZ§ öËdm Mm¡a: nbm{¶V: & 4. YZ‘² Anö˶ Mm¡a: nbm{¶V: &

ew^Xm AmnU§ JÀN>{V YZ§ XXm{V nwñVH$‘² AmZ¶{V nR>{V M &

ew^Xm AmnU§ JËdm YZ§ XÎdm nwñVH$‘² AmZr¶ nR>{V &

gå^mfmnÌ‘²

nR>V ~moYV !

nmXm¡ hñVm¡ OmZwZr Ûo CaümW bbmQ>H$‘² &Aï>m“oZ ñn¥eoX² ^yq‘ gmï>m“àU{Vü gm &&

Am{X˶ñ¶ Z‘ñH$mamZ² ¶o Hw$d©pÝV {XZo {XZo &OÝ‘mÝVaghòofw Xm[aÐç§ ZmonOm¶Vo &&

¶moJoZ {MÎmñ¶ nXoZ dmMm§ ‘b§ earañ¶ M d¡ÚHo$Z &¶mo@nmH$amoV² V§ àda§ ‘wZrZm§

nVÄOqb àmÄO{bamZVmo@pñ‘ &&

9

¶wdH$: {MÌnQ>J¥h§ JÀN>{V {MÌnQ>§ ní¶{V M & ¶wdH$: {H$‘Wª {MÌnQ>J¥h§ JÀN>{V? ¶wdH$: {MÌnQ>§ Ðï§w> {MÌnQ>J¥h§ JÀN>{V &

~mbH$m: J¥h‘² AmJÀN>Z² Ob§ M A{n~Z² & ~mbH$m: {H$‘Wª J¥h‘² AmJÀN>Z² ? ~mbH$m: Ob§ nmVw§ J¥h‘² AmJÀN>Z² &

• N>mÌm¡ nwñVH$mb¶§ JÀN>Vm‘² & {H$‘W©‘²? N>mÌm¡ n{R>Vw§ nwñVH$mb¶§ JÀN>Vm‘² &• ‘oKm ’o$ZH§$ ñdrH$amo{V & {H$‘W©‘² ? ‘oKm dóm{U àjmb{¶Vw§ ’o$ZH§$ ñdrH$amo{V &

nR>V AdJÀN>V M - 1. ewZH$m: Im{XVw‘² BÀN>pÝV & 2. Ah§ d³Vw‘² EoÀN>‘² & 3. ^madmhH$: ^ma§ dmoTw>§ e³Zmo{V & 4. Vm: Zm¶©: é{Ma§ n³Vw§$ e³ZwdpÝV & 5. OZm: ^moOZ§ H$Vw©‘² Ama^ÝV &

1. MVwWª nX§ {bIV &1. Ì¡-ÌmVw‘² J¡ - 2. {‘b²² -‘o{bVw‘² {bI² - 3. nyO² - nyO{¶Vw‘² H$W² - 4. hZ² - hÝVw‘² ‘Z² - 5. b^²-bãYw‘² a^² - 6. Ñe²-Ðïw>‘² ñn¥e² -

2. $YmVmo: hoËdW©H$‘² A춶§ à¶wÁ¶ dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &1. e¥Jmb: Ðmjm’$b‘² (ImX²) CËnV{V & 2. H$mH$: Ob§ (nm-{n~²) KQ>o Cn{de{V &3. e¥Jmb: ‘m§gIÊS>§ (b^²) H$mH$ñ¶ ñVwqV H$amo{V & 4. ^r‘§ (hZ²) Xþ¶m}YZ: H$nQ>‘² AH$amo>V² &5. eeH$: {ZÐm§ (H¥$) AJÀN>V² & 6. g: ņ ({bI²) boIZr§ ñdrH$amo{V &

::::

::::

::::

Ðïw>§, nmVw§, n{R>Vw§, àjmb{¶Vw‘² B˶oVm{Z hoËdW©H$-Vw‘ÝV-A춶m{Z &

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & qH$ H$Vw©‘² ?

gå^mfmnÌ‘²

1010

lmoVw§ H$Um£, d³Vw‘mñ¶§ gwhmñ¶§ K«mVw§ K«mU§ nmX¶w½‘§ {dhVw©‘² &

Ðïw>§ ZoÌo hñV¶w½‘§ M XmVw§ ܶmVw§ {MÎm§ ¶oZ g¥ï>§ g nmVw &&1&&

[¶oZ lmoVw§ H$Um£, d³Vw§ gwhmñ¶‘² Amñ¶§, K«mVw§ K«mU§, {dhVwª nmX¶w½‘§, Ðïw>§ ZoÌo, XmVw§ hñV¶w½‘§ ܶmVw§ M {MÎm§ g¥ï>§ g: (B©ída:) nmVw &]

JwUm: Hw$d©pÝV XÿVËd§ Xÿao@{n dgVm§ gVm‘² & Ho$VH$sJÝY‘mK«m¶ ñd¶‘m¶mpÝV fQ²nXm: &&2&&

[Xÿao dgVm‘² A{n gVm§, JwUm: XÿVËd§ Hw$d©pÝV & (¶Wm) fQ²>nXm: Ho$VH$sJÝY‘² AmK«m¶ (‘YwnmZm¶) ñd¶‘² Am¶mpÝV &]

^wŠËdm V¥Um{Z ewîH$m{U nrËdm Vmo¶§ Obme¶mV² &Xþ½Y§ ¶ÀN>pÝV bmoHo$ä¶mo YoZdmo bmoH$‘mVa: &&3&&

[YoZd: ewîH$m{U V¥Um{Z ^w³Ëdm Obme¶mV² Vmo¶§ nrËdm bmoHo$ä¶: Xþ½Y§ ¶ÀN>pÝV & (Vm:) bmoH$‘mVa: (Ibw) &]

¶ñ¶ fð>r MVwWu M {dhñ¶ M {dhm¶ M &Ah§ H$W§ {ÛVr¶m ñ¶mV², {ÛVr¶m ñ¶m‘h§ H$W‘² &&4&&

[¶ñ¶ (H¥$Vo) {dhñ¶ (B{V) fð>r, {dhm¶ (B{V) MVwWu, Ah§ H$W§ M (B{V) {ÛVr¶m ñ¶mV² (Vñ¶) Ah§ {ÛVr¶m (nËZr) H$W§ ñ¶m‘² ?]

ñWmZ^«ï>m Z emo^ÝVo XÝVm Ho$em ZIm Zam: &B{V {dkm¶ ‘{V‘mZ² ñdñWmZ§ Z n[a˶OoV² &&5&&

[ñWmZ^«ï>m: XÝVm:, Ho$em:, ZIm: Zam: M Z emo^ÝVo B{V {dkm¶ ‘{V‘mZ² (Za:) ñdñWmZ§ Z n[a˶OoV² &]

ûcmoH$: 1-1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &

A) B©œaoU lmoVw§ qH$ XÎm‘² ? Am) Amñ¶§ H$sÑe‘² ? B) B©œaoU {dhVwª qH$ XÎm‘² ?

^mfmgw ‘w»¶m ‘Ywam {Xì¶m Jrdm©U^maVr &Vñ¶m§ {h H$m춧 ‘Ywa§ Vñ‘mX{n gw^m{fV‘² &&

gw^m{fV§ Zm‘ emo^Z§ ^m{fV‘² & g§ñH¥$Vgm{h˶o {dnwbm{Z gw^m{fVm{Z gpÝV & AënmjaËd§ gw^m{fVmZm§ d¡{eï瑲 & ‘Ywam{U Jo¶m{Z AW©nyUm©{Z EVm{Z gw^m{fVm{Z & gw^m{fVmZm§ nR>ZoZ dmUr gwg§ñH¥$Vm {ZXm}fm M ^d{V & d³V¥ËdH$bm¶m§ {ZnwUVmgånmXZmW©‘² CËH¥$ï>>-{Z~ÝYboIZmWª M Vm{Z AVrd Cn¶w³Vm{Z & AV: B¶§ gw^m{fVmZm§ ‘mbm N>mÌ¡: Adí¶§ H$ÊRo> YmaUr¶m &

{ÛVr¶: nmR>: & A춶‘mbm & (H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘²)

^mfmä¶mg:

11

2. Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V &

qH$ XÎm‘² qH$ H$Vw©‘²? {H$‘W©‘² ?H$Um©¡ XÎmm¡ lmoVw‘² ldUmW©‘²/ldUm¶Amñ¶§ XÎm‘² d³Vw‘² dMZmW©‘²/dMZm¶ K«mU§ XÎm‘² K«mUmW©‘²/

nmX¶w½‘§ XÎm‘² /{dhmam¶ZoÌo XÎmo Ðïw>‘² /Xe©Zm¶

3. ‘obZ§ Hw$éV &

A AmH$U©: H$a:

Amñ¶‘² ajVwK«mU‘² bmoMZ‘²nmX: lmoÌ‘²ZoÌ‘² VwÊS>‘²hñV: Zm{gH$mnmVw MaU:

ûcmoH$: 2 -

1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & A) Ho$ XÿVËd§ Hw$d©pÝV ? Am) Ho$ Ho$VH$s‘² Am{OK«pÝV ?

2. g˶§ dm Ag˶§ {bIV & A) g‚mZm: XÿVËd§ Hw$d©pÝV & Am) fQ²>nXm: ñd¶‘² Am¶mpÝV & B) g‚mZm: Ho$VH$sJÝY‘² Am{OK«pÝV &

3. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {MZwV {bIV M & g‚mZm:, ^«‘am:, AmJÀN>pÝV &

4. {déÕmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & JwUm:, Xÿao, Am¶mpÝV &

ûcmoH$: 3 -1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & A) YoZd: qH$ ^w³Ëdm Xþ½Y§ ¶ÀN>pÝV ? Am) YoZd: Obme¶mV² qH$ {n~pÝV ? B) bmoH$‘mVa: H$m: ?

2. ûcmoH$mV² ËdmÝV-A춶o {MËdm {bIV &

3. dm³¶§ n{R>Ëdm H$Vm©, H$‘© {H«$¶mnX§ M ApÝdî¶V {bIV M & Xþ½Y§ ¶ÀN>pÝV YoZd: &

4. EH$dMZo n[adV©¶V &

bmoH$‘mVa: YoZd: ewîH$m{U V¥Um{Z ImXpÝV &

ûcmoH$: 4 -1. ûcmoH$mV² ë¶~ÝV-A춶m{Z {MZwV &

2. ¶mo½¶§ ê$n§ {MZwV & A) fð>r- {dhñ¶/Xodñ¶ & Am) MVwWu- {dhm¶/Johm¶ & B) àW‘m- Ah‘²/H$W‘² &

ûcmoH$: 5 -1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & A) ñWmZ^«ï>m: Ho$ Ho$ Z emo^ÝVo ? Am) {H$§ {dkm¶ ‘{V‘mZ² ñdñWmZ§ Z n[a˶OoV² ?

2. g‘mZmW©H$eãX¡: dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV & ñWmZ^«ï>m: XÝVm: Ho$em: ZIm: Zam: Z emo^ÝVo &

3. ûcmoH$mV² àW‘m{d^³Vo: ê$nm{U {MËdm {bIV &

1212

A C

(A¶§ g‘mZmZm§ dUm©Zm§ XrK©ê$n… gpÝY… & AV… g… gdU©XrK©gpÝY… B{V CÀ¶Vo &)

Añ‘mH$§ {^Þm{Z CƒmaUñWmZm{Z ¶y¶§ OmZrW & d¶§ gd} gh¡d {Vð>m‘…& Añ‘mH§$ nañnagmhM¶ª amoMH$‘² & ¶Xm Añ‘mgw Û¶mo… AVrd g{ÞH$f©… ̂ d{V VXm ¶X² Üd{Zn[adV©Z§ ^d{V g… Ed gpÝY…&

Amd¶mo… g§¶moJoZ AmH$ma… ^d{V& ¶Wm- Z + ApñV = ZmpñV&

¶{X Amd¶mo: A{Ve{¶V: g{Þ{Y: V{h© Amd¶mo: ñWmZo EH$ma: Cn{Vð>{V & ¶Wm JU+B©e: B˶ñ¶ CƒmaU§ JUoe: &

Amd¶mo: g{ÞH$f©ñ¶ n[aUm‘ê$noUÛ¶moa{n ñWmZo "AmoH$ma…' Am¶m{V & ¶Wm- bå~+CXa… B{V bå~moXa…&

Amd¶mo: g§¶moJoZ Eo B{V gpÝYê$n: AmXoe: ^d{V & ¶Wm- gXm + Ed B{V gX¡d &

Amd¶mo: g§¶moJoZ Am¡ B{V gpÝYê$n: AmXoe: ^d{V & ¶Wm- J“m+AmoK: B{V J“m¡K: &

¶Xm ‘‘ g§¶moJ… ñdaoU ^d{V (B/B© dO©{¶Ëdm) VXm ‘‘ n[adV©Z§ "¶²' B{V dU} ^d{V & ¶Wm- H$amo{‘ + Ah‘² B{V H$amoå¶h‘² &

ñdaoU gh (C/D$ dO©{¶Ëdm) g§¶moJoZ ‘‘ ñWmZo "d²' B{V dU©: Am¶m{V & ¶Wm- Ibw + EVV² B{V IëdoVV² &

Ed‘² Añ‘mH§$ {‘W: à^md: Ñí¶Vo & ¶Wm ñdagpÝY: VW¡d {dgJ©gpÝY: ì¶ÄOZgpÝY: M A{n ^dV: & gpÝYê$noU ¶X² Üd{Zn[adV©Z‘² Añ‘mgw ^d{V V{Ûf¶H$m: {Z¶‘m: dV©ÝVo & ¶{X VX² Üd{Zn[adV©Z§ gwðw> Z AdJV§, gpÝY{Z¶‘m: Z n{R>Vm: V{h© AWm©d~moYZ§ Z ^d{V &

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & dUm©Zm§ gmhM¶©‘²&

Amd¶mo: g{ÞH$f©… B©H$mao n[aU‘Vo & ¶Wm- a{d + BÝÐ: = adrÝÐ: &

Amd¶mo… A{n D$H$ma… ^d{V &¶Wm-^mZw+CX¶: = ^mZyX¶: &

Amd¶mo… g§¶moJoZ G H$ma: ^d{V &¶Wm- ‘mV¥+F$U‘² = ‘mV¦U‘² &

A

b¥

B

E

F$

Am¡

C

AmoEo

13

AmYw{ZH§$ VÝÌkmZ§ ‘mZdñ¶ H¥$Vo ^m¡{VH${dH$mgñ¶ {dñVrUª joÌ‘² CX²KmQ>¶{V B{V Vw g˶‘od & VWm{n VÝÌkmZgmYZmZm‘² A˶{YH$mo@n¶moJ: ZyVZmZ² àíZmZ², {d¿ZmZ² gm‘m{OH$g‘ñ¶m: M {Z‘m©{V & {‘϶m VWm M dmñVd‘² EV¶mo: ‘ܶo ^oX: kmVì¶: Añ‘m{^:& AmYw{ZH$H$mbñ¶ B¶‘odmdí¶H$Vm & - bo{IH$m :- lr‘Vr ‘w½Ym [ag~yS> &

• Mb^mf: {d¿Z: CV daXmZ‘² ?• ¶{X Mb^mf: Z ^doV²?

(̶moXedfu¶m VZ¶m gwImgÝXo Cn{dí¶ EHo$Z hñVoZ Hw$Hw©$[aH$m§ ImX{V & AnaoU hñVoZ Mb^mf§ Mmb¶{V & VXmZt ÛmaKpÊQ>H$m‘² AmH$ʶ© ‘mVm Ûma‘² CÓmQ>¶{V & VZ¶m¶m: g»¶m¡ Ûmao Ed pñWËdm Vm‘² Amˆ¶V: &) lw{V: - VZ¶o, gËda§ H«$sS>Zm¶ AmJÀN>, ~{h:

Iobm‘: & VZ¶m - Ah§ J¥ho Ed Iobm{‘ &amOgr - qH$ Iob{g ?VZ¶m - (Mb^mf§ Xe©{¶Ëdm) EVpñ‘Z² Mb^mfo

¶{ï>H$ÝXþH$H«$sS>m, nmXH$ÝXþH$H«$sS>m, dmhZH«$sS>m, nÌH«$sS>m, MVwa“H«$sS>m, B˶mX¶: gdm©: H«$sS>m: gpÝV & $$H«$sS>m“U§ JËdm IobZñ¶ Amdí¶H$Vm Ed ZmpñV & Ah§ Z AmJÀN>m{‘ & (g»¶m¡ H«$sS>mWª {ZJ©ÀN>V: & ‘mVm nmH$J¥h§ JÀN>{V & VZ¶m Mb^mfo ¶wÕH«$sS>m¶m§ ‘¾m &)

VZ¶m - (ñdJV‘²) EVñ¶m§ H«$sS>m¶m§ Ef: g¡{ZH$: ‘¥V: Ana: M ‘maUr¶: & ..... gd} g¡{ZH$m: ‘¥Vm: & ho@@ .....{OV§ ‘¶m & Iob: g‘má: & (VZ¶m nmH$J¥h§ JÀN>{V &) Aå~, ~w^w{jVm Apñ‘ &

‘mVm - VZ¶o, ‘‘ Mb^mfo EVm{Z N>m¶m{MÌm{U ní¶ & (VZ¶m ImÚnXmWm©Zm§ N>m¶m{MÌm{U ní¶{V &)VZ¶m - ‘mV:, {nÂPm, nmd^mOr, {gObg© B˶mXr{Z ImÚm{Z ÑîQ‰>m bmbm{¶V§ ‘o ‘wI‘²& H¥$n¶m {H$‘{n

¶ÀN>Vw & ‘mVm - Mb^mfo Ñï>dVr Ibw ? AYwZm ImÚnXmWm©Zm‘² Amdí¶H$Vm Ed ZmpñV & Ah§ Z ¶ÀN>m{‘ &VZ¶m - Mb^mfo ^moOZ§ ÑîQ‰>m ~w^wjm emÝVm H$W§ ^doV² ?‘mVm - ¶{X EVV² g˶§, V{h© H$W§ Z OmZm{g ¶V² Mb^mfoU H«$s{S>Ëdm ì¶m¶m‘: Z ^d{V? ñdmñ϶ajU§ Z

^d{V ? VZ¶m - na§ ‘mV:, ‘ø§ amoMVo VV² Mb^mfoU H«$sS>Z‘² &‘mVm - VZ¶o, ¶X² ¶X² amoMVo VV² VV² gdª ñdmñ϶H$a§, {hVH$a‘², Amamo½¶nyUª Z ^d{V & gå¶H²$ H«$sS>m,

nm¡{ï>H$‘² AÞ§, amÌm¡ {ZÐm Amamo½¶m¶ ^d{V & Mb^mfo Am^mgmË‘H§$ {dœ§ Z dmñVd‘² &VZ¶m - V{h© qH$ Mb^mfñ¶ Cn¶moJ: Ed Z H$aUr¶: & ‘mVm - VWm Z & Amdí¶H$VmZwgma§ ¶mo½¶: Cn¶moJ: H$aUr¶: Ed & {H$ÝVw A{V gd©Ì dO©¶oV² &VZ¶m - Am‘² ‘mV:& BV: na§ nwZ: Mb^mfñ¶ ¶mo½¶‘² Cn¶moJ§ H$amo{‘ &

V¥Vr¶: nmR>: & qH$ {‘϶m ? qH$ dmñVd‘²?

1414

1. EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & A. Mb^mfo H$m: H«$sS>m: gpÝV ? Am. Mb^mfo H$sÑe§ {dœ‘² ? B. qH$ qH$ ÑîQ‰>m VZ¶m¶m: ‘wI§ bmbm{¶V‘² ? B©. ñdmñ϶ajUm¶ qH$ {H$‘² Amdí¶H$‘² ?

2. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV & A. ‘mVm VZ¶m¶m: {dMman[adV©Z§ H$W§ H$amo{V? Am. "qH$ {‘϶m ? qH$ dmñVd‘² ?' B{V nmR>ñ¶ VmËn¶ª ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m {bIV ?

3. A) gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & $H$) VXod = + Ed & I) ZmpñV = Z + & Am) H$mbdMZn[adV©Z§ Hw$éV & 1) Ah§ Z AmJÀN>m{‘ & (bL²>bH$mao n[adV©¶V &) 2) ~w^w{jVm Apñ‘ & (~hþdMZo n[adV©¶V &) 3) g»¶m¡ H«$sS>mWª à{VJÀN>V: & (EH$dMZo {bIV &) 4) EVm{Z N>m¶m{MÌm{U ní¶ & (CÎm‘nwéfo n[adV©¶V &) B) eãXñ¶ dU©{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & 1) Ûma‘² 2) ñdmñ϶‘² 3) ~w^wjm 4) nm¡{ï>H$‘² B©) ‘obZ§ Hw$éV &

{deo² 1. ~w^wjm 2. g¡{ZH$m: 3. Iob: 4. AÞ‘² 5. {dœ‘²{deofU‘² 1. nm¡{ï>H$‘² 2. emÝVm 3. Am^mgmË‘H$‘² 4. g‘má: 5. ‘¥Vm:

C) nmR>mV² ËdmÝV-ë¶~ÝV-Vw‘ÝV-A춶m{Z {MZwV {bIV M &

4. A) g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {MZwV & ^Q>:, H«$sS>m, OZZr, jwYm, ñdmn: Am) {déÕmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & g‘má:, ñdmñ϶‘², Am^mgmË‘H$‘², ‘¥V:

^mfmä¶mg:

gpÝYa{n {dZmoXm¶...

nwam ‘hmamï´>ofw àOm{hVXj: H$mo@{n Z¥n: AmgrV² & Vñ¶ ‘{hfr g§ñH¥$V^mfmàdrUm {dXþfr M & EH$Xm Vm¡ Ob{dhmamWª {H${#mV² a嶧 Obme¶‘JÀN>Vm‘² & ObH«$sS>m¶m§ ‘¾: Z¥n{V: ‘{hî¶m§ Ob{~ÝXÿZ² joáw§ àma^V & amkt e¡Ë¶‘² A~mYV & AV: gm b‚m¶m Z¥n§ g§ñH¥$V^mf¶¡dmdXV², ""‘moXH¡$ñVmS>¶ ‘m‘²&'' Vñ¶m: VX² dMZ§ lwËdm M{H$V: amOm godH§$ gwdU©ñWmë¶m§ ‘moXH$mZmZoVw‘m{XeV² & ¶Xm g: V¡b©Kw‘YwaJmobH¡$: amkt VmS>{¶Vw‘¡ÀN>V² VXm gm pñ‘Vnyd©H$‘JXV², ""^mo amOZ², e¡Ë¶§ ‘m§ ~mYoV B{V {MÝV{¶Ëdm "‘m CXH¡$: VmS>¶ ‘m‘²', Ob{~ÝXþ{^: (CXH¡$:) ‘m Ìmg¶, B{V d³VwH$m‘mg‘² &'' ^yn{Va{n Cƒ¡: h{gËdm A^UV², ""‘moXH$eãXldUoZ AݶWm J¥hrV§ ‘¶m & VoZ A¶§ n[ahmgàg“: CØÿV: &''

hg>V ZÝXV !

15

N>mÌm: - AmMm¶}, Z‘mo Z‘:&{e{jH$m - Z‘mo Z‘: & gwà^mV‘² & Cn{deV & gm¡a^: VZ¶: M - AmMm¶}, A{n ‘mO©¶md ’$bH$‘²?{e{jH$m: - Adí¶‘² & ‘mO©¶V‘² & gwdMZ‘{n {bIV‘² & ZraOo, dmVm¶Z‘² CÓmQ>¶ & AVrd Cî‘m ~mYVo &

A{¶ ‘¥Xþbo, ì¶OZm{Z Mmb¶ &YraO: - AmMm¶}, A{n à{dem{Z dJ©‘²?{e{jH$m - Am‘² AmJÀN> & ñWmZo Cn{de & lmÝV: Ñí¶go & {H${#mV² Ob§ {n~ & A{¶ N>mÌm:, AYwZm Ah§ àýmZ² n¥ÀN>m{‘ & gå¶H²$ {d{MÝ˶ CÎmaV ¶y¶‘² & H$mobmhb: ‘mñVw &

EH$: Ed CÎma§ dXVw &

• H¥${V:- 1. g§dmX§ n{R>Ëdm ñ’w$Q>eãXmZm‘² AW©‘² AdJÀN>V & V‘² AW©‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ n#mXe dmŠ¶m{Z nR>V &

n#mXe dmŠ¶m{Z & (nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX§ M)1. g:/^dmZ² ImXVw/b^Vm‘² & 2. Vm¡/^dÝVm¡ ImXVm‘²/b^oVm‘²& 3. Vo/^dÝV: ImXÝVw/b^ÝVm‘²&1. gm/^dVr ImXVw/b^Vm‘²& 2. Vo/^d˶m¡ ImXVm‘²/b^oVm‘²& 3. Vm:/^d˶: ImXÝVw/b^ÝVm‘²& 1. VV² ImXVw/b^Vm‘²& 2. Vo ImXVm‘²/b^oVm‘²& 3. Vm{Z ImXÝVw/b^ÝVm‘²&4. Ëd§ ImX/b^ñd & 5. ¶wdm§ ImXV‘²/b^oWm‘²& 6. ¶y¶§ ImXV/b^Üd‘²&7. Ah§ ImXm{Z/b^¡ & 8. Amdm§ ImXmd/b^mdh¡ & 9. d¶§ ImXm‘/b^m‘h¡ &

EVofw dmŠ¶ofw {d{dY{H«$¶mnXmZm‘² Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm nwZ: dXV ñ‘aV M &

• H¥${V:- 2. $H¥${Vn{ÌH$m¶m§ ¶m: {d{dYm: gyMZm: gpÝV, Vm: EH$Ì {bIV & ¶Wm- JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & 3. J¥ho dm nmR>embm¶m§ dm gyMZm: bmoQ²bH$mao Xr¶ÝVo, Vmgm§ gL²>J«h§ Hw$éV & ¶Wm- Cn{deV, nR>V, {bIV B˶mX¶: &

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & qH$ H$adm{U?

1616

1. dmŠ¶m{Z nya¶V & (dY©Vm‘², Jm¶m‘, ¶ÀN>, Amamohmd, nR>Vw, VaV, IZV‘², a‘ñd, b^oVm‘²)1. Aå~, ^moOZ§ & 2. g: nmR>§ &3. d¶§ JrV§ &

2. ^dmZ²/^dVr-ñWmZo Ëd§ ¶moO{¶Ëdm dmŠ¶m{Z {bIV & 1. ^dmZ² AÌ Cn{deVw & 2. ^dVr ~ÝYZ§ ‘w#mVm‘² & 3. ^dVr àmW©¶Vm‘² & 4. ^dmZ² erK«§ n¥ÀN>Vw & 5. ^dÝV: ^Ðm{U ní¶ÝVw & 6. ^d˶: nmH§$ nMÝVw &

4. ¶y¶§ Obo &5. Amdm‘² Am‘«d¥j§ &6. ¶wdm§ ^yq‘ &

7. ¶wî‘mH§$ gwI§ &8. N>mÌm¡ ¶e: &9. Ëd§ ñdmܶm¶o &

VV² Ëd‘² A{g &CÔmbH$: ídoVHo$Vmo: {nVm & ídoVHo$Vw: CÔmbH$ñ¶ nwÌ: &

EH$Xm {nVm CÔmbH$: nw̧ ídoVHo$Vw‘² An¥ÀN>V²- ""gm¡å¶, A{n VV² OmZm{g ¶ñ¶ kmZoZ gdª kmV§ ^d{V ?''nwÌ: - Z OmZm{‘, {nV: & H¥$n¶m H$W¶Vw &{nVm - ObnyUª nm̧ ‘w{ï>{‘V§ bdU§ M AmZ¶ & (nwÌ: VWm

H$amo{V &){nVm - Ob§ bdU§ M {‘l¶ &nwÌ: - {‘{lV§ {nV: &{nVm - AYwZm ObmV² bdU§ n¥W³Hw$é & nwÌ: - VV² H$Vwª Z eŠZmo{‘ {nV: &{nVm - AñVw & Cn[a^mJñW§ Ob§ Z{bH$¶m AmñdmX¶ & VV²

H$W‘² ApñV ?nwÌ: - bdU‘¶‘² ApñV, VmV &{nVm - ‘ܶ^mJñW§ Ob§ Z{bH$¶m AmñdmX¶ & VV² H$W‘²

ApñV ?nwÌ: - VX² A{n bdU‘² ApñV &{nVm - Ob§ ~{h: {jßËdm AmJÀN> &nwÌ: - {jnm{‘ VmV &(Ob§ {jßËdm AmJÀN>{V){nVm - Obo bdU§ gd©Ì ì¶m᧠Ibw ?nwÌ: - Am‘², VmV &{nVm - VW¡d ~«÷ OJV: H$maU‘² AV: gd©Ì ì¶mᑲ & ¶Wm Ëd§

Obo ì¶m᧠bdU§ Ðïw>§ Z eŠZmo{f VW¡d Ëd§ gd©Ì ì¶m᧠~«÷ Ðïw>§ Z nma¶{g & {H$ÝVw VV² gd©Ì ApñV & VXod kmV춑² &

H¥${V: - JÚm§eV: bmoQ²>ê$nm{U {MZwV &

(ídoVmídVa-Cn{ZfX: A¶§ g§dmX: &)

{d‘mZ¶mZ§ aM¶m‘ &amKd ! ‘mYd ! grVo ! b{bVo !{d‘mZ¶mZ§ aM¶m‘ &Zrbo JJZo {dnwbo {d‘bo dm¶w{dhma§ H$adm‘ &&1&&

CÞVd¥j§ Vw“§ ^dZ‘² &H«$mÝËdmH$me§ Ibw ¶m‘ &H¥$Ëdm {h‘dÝV§ gmonmZ§ MpÝXabmoH§$ à{dem‘ &&2&&

ewH«$íMÝÐ: gy¶m} Jwé[a{V J«hmZ² {h gdm©Z² JU¶m‘ &{d{dYm: gwÝXaVmampíMËdm ‘m¡p³VH$hma§ aM¶m‘ &&3&&

Aå~wX‘mbm‘² Aå~a^yfm‘²AmXm¶¡d {h à{V¶m‘ &Xþ:{IV-nr{S>V-H¥${fH$OZmZm§JUofw hfª OZ¶m‘ &&4&& S>m°. {dídmg, ~|Jbyê$ &

Jm¶V-ZÝXVnR>V-~moYV

gå^mfmnÌ‘²

17

(A) Zm‘m{Z & ñdamÝVeãXmZm§ ^oXm: -

nw§{b“‘² ór{b“‘² Znw§gH${b“‘²AH$mamÝV: Xod - dZAmH$mamÝV: - ‘mbm -BH$mamÝV: H${d ‘{V dm[aB©H$mamÝV: - ZXr -CH$mamÝV: ^mZw YoZw ‘YwD$H$mamÝV: - dYy -F$H$mamÝV: A) {nV¥ Am) H$V©¥ A) ‘mV¥ Am) ñdg¥ -

^mfmgyÌ‘² - 1

gy¶©: Zm‘ VoOmoJmob: & gy¶©ñ¶ dU©Z§ F$½doXo dV©Vo & gy¶m©V² gd} àH$me§ b^ÝVo & gy¶ª n[aV: gd} J«hm: ^«‘pÝV & gy¶}U J«h‘ÊS>b§ emo^Vo & gy¶} AVrd D$Om© dV©Vo & gy¶©: Añ‘mH§$ XodVm & gy¶m©¶ Z‘:& ho gy¶©, aj ‘m‘² &

^mZw: Zm‘ VoOmoJmob: & ^mZmo: dU©Z§ F$½doXo dV©Vo & ^mZmo: gd} àH$me§ b^ÝVo & ^mZw§ n[aV: gd} J«hm: ^«‘pÝV & ^mZwZm J«h‘ÊS>b§ emo^Vo & ^mZm¡ AVrd D$Om© dV©Vo & ^mZw: Añ‘mH§$ XodVm & ^mZdo Z‘:& ho ^mZmo, aj ‘m‘² &

nR>V ^oX‘² AdJÀN>V M &

{MÌ‘²

AH$mamÝV: eãX: Xod: gy¶©: dmV: d¥j:g‘mZmW©H$: CH$mamÝV: eãX: à^w: ^mZw:, ghòm§ew: dm¶w: Vé:

{MÌ‘²

AH$mamÝV:/B©H$mamÝV: eãX:

{ejH$: gÎd: MÝÐ: d§er

g‘mZmW©H$: CH$mamÝV: eãX: Jwé: new: BÝXþ:, {h‘m§ew: doUþ:

1818

^mZw (gy¶©:)- "C'H$mamÝV§ nw§{b“§ Zm‘ YoZw (Jm¡:) "C'H$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²^mZw: ^mZy ^mZd: àW‘m YoZw: YoZy YoZd:^mZw‘² ^mZy ^mZyZ² {ÛVr¶m YoZw‘² YoZy YoZy: ^mZwZm ^mZwä¶m‘² ^mZw{^: V¥Vr¶m YoÝdm YoZwä¶m‘² YoZw{^: ^mZdo ^mZwä¶m‘² ^mZwä¶: MVwWu YoZdo/YoÝd¡ YoZwä¶m‘² YoZwä¶:^mZmo: ^mZwä¶m‘² ^mZwä¶: n#m‘r YoZmo:/YoÝdm: YoZwä¶m‘² YoZwä¶: ^mZmo: ^mÝdmo: ^mZyZm‘² fð>r YoZmo:/YoÝdm: YoÝdmo: YoZyZm‘²^mZm¡ ^mÝdmo: ^mZwfw gá‘r YoZm¡/YoÝdm‘² YoÝdmo: YoZwfw

ho ^mZmo ho ^mZy ho ^mZd: gå~moYZ‘² ho YoZmo ho YoZy ho YoZd:^mZwdV² Aݶo eãXm: - ‘Zw, AUw, {dîUw, gmYw, BÝXþ, new, dmé, à^w, Jwé B˶mX¶: &

YoZwdV² Aݶo eãXm: - VZw, M#mw, a‚mw, hZw B˶mX¶: &

‘Yw "C'H$mamÝV§ Znw§gH${b“§ Zm‘

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V:‘Yw ‘YwZr ‘Yy{Z àW‘m‘Yw ‘YwZr ‘Yy{Z {ÛVr¶m

‘YwZm ‘Ywä¶m‘² ‘Yw{^: V¥Vr¶m‘YwZo ‘Ywä¶m‘² ‘Yþä¶: MVwWu‘YwZ: ‘Ywä¶m‘² ‘Ywä¶: n#m‘r ‘YwZ: ‘YwZmo: ‘YyZm‘² fð>r ‘Yw{Z ‘YwZmo: ‘Ywfw gá‘r

ho ‘Ymo, ‘Yw ho ‘YwZr ho ‘Yy{Z gå~moYZ‘²‘YwdV² Aݶo eãXm:- dñVw, Aå~w, OmZw, Xmé B˶mX¶: &CH$mamÝV-{deofUm{Z & X¶mbw, H¥$nmbw, ñZohmbw, ào‘mbw &

1. ¶mo½¶ê$n§ ¶moO¶V & 1. ‘hmXod: n{V: & (new) 2. ho , aj ‘m‘² & (à^w) 3. gd} kmZ§ nyO¶pÝV & ({Okmgw) 4. Vñ‘¡ Z‘: & (Jwé) 5. ZmaX: eaU§ JÀN>{V & ({dîUw) 6. H¥$frdbñ¶ g‘rno n#m gpÝV & (YoZw) 7. ‘¶yañ¶ XrKm© & (M#mw) 9. ag>: ‘Ywa: & (Bjw) 8. {h‘mb¶ñ¶ {h‘mÀN>m{XVm{Z & (gmZw)10. nyU} ZoÌo & (Alw)

2. MVwWª nX§ {bIV & 1) eå^w - eå^wZm :: {eew - & 2) YoZw - YoÝdm :: a‚mw - & 3) Aå~w - Aå~y{Z :: dñVw - & 4) hZw - hZy: :: VZw - &

BÀN>mW©H$-CH$mamÝV-{deofUm{Z & ¶Wm-kmVw‘² BÀN>m {Okmgm & {Okmgm ¶ñ¶ ApñV g: {Okmgw: & Ed§ - nmVw‘² BÀN>m ({nnmgm) ¶ñ¶ ApñV g:/gm {nnmgw:, ^mo³Vw‘² BÀN>m (~w^wjm) ¶ñ¶ ApñV g:/gm ~w^wjw:, {dOoVw‘² BÀN>m ({d{OJrfm) ¶ñ¶ ApñV g:/gm {d{OJrfw: & H$Vw©‘² BÀN>m ({MH$sfm©) ¶ñ¶ ApñV g:/gm {MH$sfw©: &

{OkmgmnÌ‘²

CH$mamÝVZm‘m{Z &

19

F$H$mamÝVZm‘m{Z &A) gå~ÝYdmMH$m{Z Am) YmVwV: {Z{‘©Vm{Z

nw§{b“‘² ór{b“‘² H$V¥© ZoV¥ hV¥© lmoV¥¶moÕ¥

XmV¥d³V¥{dYmV¥A{^ZoV¥~moÕ¥

{nV¥ (OZH$:)^«mV¥ (ghmoXa:)

Xod¥ (n˶w: ^«mVm)Om‘mV¥ (H$ݶm¶m: n{V:)

‘mV¥ (OZZr)Xþ{hV¥ (H$ݶm)

¶mV¥ (Xodw: nËZr)ZZmÝÑ (n˶w: ^{JZr)

• >Z¥ (‘Zwî¶:) • g{dV¥ (nw§)(gy¶©:), ñdg¥ (ór.)(^{JZr), Zᥠ(nw§.) (nm¡Ì:/Xm¡{hÌ:)

"A' àH$ma: - {nV¥ "F$'H$mamÝV§ nw§{b“§ Zm‘ ‘mV¥ "F$'H$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²{nVm {nVam¡ {nVa: àW‘m ‘mVm ‘mVam¡ ‘mVa:

{nVa‘² {nVam¡ {nV¦Z² {ÛVr¶m ‘mVa‘² ‘mVam¡ ‘mV¦:

{nÌm {nV¥ä¶m‘² {nV¥{^: V¥Vr¶m ‘mÌm ‘mV¥ä¶m‘² ‘mV¥{^:

{nÌo {nV¥ä¶m‘² {nV¥ä¶: MVwWu ‘mÌo ‘mV¥ä¶m‘² ‘mV¥ä¶:

{nVw: {nV¥ä¶m‘² {nV¥ä¶: n#m‘r ‘mVw: ‘mV¥ä¶m‘² ‘mV¥ä¶:

{nVw: {nÌmo: {nV¦Um‘² fð>r ‘mVw: ‘mÌmo: ‘mV¦Um‘²

{nV[a {nÌmo: {nV¥fw gá‘r ‘mV[a ‘mÌmo: ‘mV¥fw

ho {nVa²,{nV: ho {nVam¡ ho {nVa: gå~moYZ‘² ho ‘mVa²,‘mV: ho ‘mVam¡ ho ‘mVa:

"Am' àH$ma: (YmVwV: {Z{‘©Vm{Z)YmVw: Zm‘ AW©: nw§. àW‘m E. d. ór. àW‘m E. d.

1. H¥$ H$V¥© ¶: H$amo{V & H$Vm© H$Ìu2. ö hV¥© ¶: ha{V & hVm© hÌu3.Zr-Z¶² ZoV¥ ¶: Z¶{V & ZoVm ZoÌr4. aj² a{jV¥ ¶: aj{V & a{jVm a{jÌr5. lw lmoV¥ ¶: e¥Umo{V & lmoVm lmoÌr

H$V¥© "F$'H$mamÝV§ nw§{b“§ Zm‘

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V:H$Vm© H$Vm©am¡ H$Vm©a: àW‘m

H$Vm©a‘² H$Vm©am¡ H$V©¦Z² {ÛVr¶m

ho H$V©:, ho H$V©a² ho H$Vm©am¡ ho H$Vm©a: gå~moYZ‘²V¥Vr¶mV: gá‘rn¶©ÝV§ eãXê$nm{U {nV¥dV² ^dpÝV & Ed‘² Ed "Am'àH$maH$mUm§ eãXmZm§ ê$nm{U ^dpÝV &

2020

"Am' àH$maH$mUm§ ór{b“eãXmZm§ ê$nm{U ZXrdV² ^dpÝV & ¶Wm - H$Ìu "B©'H$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V:H$Ìu H$Ͷm£ H$Ͷ©: àW‘mH$Ìu‘² H$Ͷm¡© H$Ìu: {ÛVr¶m ho H${Ì© ho H$Ͷm£ ho H$Ͷ©: gå~moYZ‘²

1. [a³VñWmZm{Z nya¶V & - JUoeñ¶ Hw$Qw>å~‘² &1) eL²>H$a: JUoeñ¶ ------& ({nV¥) 2) nmd©Vr JUoeñ¶ -------& (‘mV¥) 3) H$m{V©Ho$¶: JUoeñ¶ ------& (^«mV¥)4) ----- (‘mV¥) nmd©Ë¶m: AmXoe‘² EVm¡ -----nmb¶V: & (^«mV¥) 5) ‘mVm‘hñ¶ {h‘mb¶ñ¶ EVm¡ AmXem¡© ------ & (ZßV¥)

(Am) gd©Zm‘m{Z &

àW‘nwéfdmMH$m{Z VX², ¶X², EVX², BX‘², ^dV²‘ܶ‘nwéfdmMH$‘² ¶wî‘X²CÎm‘nwéfdmMH$‘² Añ‘X²àýmW©H$‘² {H$‘²

"BX‘²' gd©Zm‘ nw§{b“‘² "BX‘²' gd©Zm‘ ór{b“‘²

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²

A¶‘² B‘m¡ B‘o àW‘m B¶‘² B‘o B‘m:B‘‘²/EZ‘² B‘m¡/EZm¡ B‘mZ²/EZmZ² {ÛVr¶m B‘m‘²/EZm‘² B‘o/EZo B‘m:/EZm:AZoZ/EZoZ Amä¶m‘² E{^: V¥Vr¶m AZ¶m/EZ¶m Amä¶m‘² Am{^:

Añ‘¡ Amä¶m‘² Eä¶: MVwWu Añ¶¡ Amä¶m‘² Amä¶:Añ‘mV² Amä¶m‘² Eä¶: n#m‘r Añ¶m: Amä¶m‘² Amä¶:Añ¶ AZ¶mo:/EZ¶mo: Efm‘² fð>r Añ¶m: AZ¶mo:/EZ¶mo: Amgm‘²

Apñ‘Z² AZ¶mo:/EZ¶mo: Efw gá‘r Añ¶m‘² AZ¶mo:/EZ¶mo: Amgw

"BX‘²' gd©Zm‘ Znw§gH${b“‘² -

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V:BX‘² B‘o B‘m{Z àW‘m

BX‘²/EZV² B‘o/EZo B‘m{Z/EZm{Z {ÛVr¶m

(V¥Vr¶mV: gá‘rn¶©ÝVm{Z ê$nm{U nw§{b“gÑem{Z & )

21

^dV² AmXamW©H§$ gd©Zm‘ &

^dV² - nw§{b“‘² ^dV² - ór{b“‘²(^dVr)

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²^dmZ² ^dÝVm¡ ^dÝV: àW‘m ^dVr ^d˶m¡ ^d˶:^dÝV‘² ^dÝVm¡ ^dV: {ÛVr¶m ^dVr‘² ^d˶m¡ ^dVr:^dVm ^dX²ä¶m‘² ^d{Ø: V¥Vr¶m ^d˶m ^dVrä¶m‘² ^dVr{^:^dVo ^dX²ä¶m‘² ^dX²ä¶: MVwWu ^d˶¡ ^dVrä¶m‘² ^dVrä¶:^dV: ^dX²ä¶m‘² ^dX²ä¶: n#m‘r ^d˶m: ^dVrä¶m‘² ^dVrä¶:^dV: ^dVmo: ^dVm‘² fð>r ^d˶m: ^d˶mo: ^dVrZm‘²^d{V ^dVmo: ^dËgw gá‘r ^d˶m‘² ^d˶mo: ^dVrfwho ^dZ² ho ^dÝVm¡ ho ^dÝV: gå~moYZ‘² ho ^d{V ho ^d˶m¡ ho ^d˶:

ñdamUm§ g¥{ï>: &

np‘VÛ¶§ nR>V &1. ZmpñV {dÚmg‘mo ~ÝYw: & ZmpñV = Z + ApñV & (A + A = Am)2. Zañ¶m^aU§ ê$n‘² & Zañ¶m^aU§ = Zañ¶ + Am^aU‘² (A + Am = Am)Û¶mo: Aja¶mo: EH$ÌrH$aU‘² Zm‘ gpÝY: &

nR>V AdJÀN>V !

1. gdU©XrK©gpÝY: &

A) A/Am + A/Am = Am 1. Zd + A{n = Zdm{n & 2. + AÌ = VWmÌ & 3. boIZñ¶ + = boIZñ¶me¶: &

Am) B/B© + B/ B© = B© 1. nR>{V + B{V = nR>Vr{V &2. + Bd = ZXrd & 3. n[a + = narjm &

B) C/D$ + C/D$ = D$ 1. Jwé + CnXoe: = Jwê$nXoe: &2. + CËgmh: = dYyËgmh: &3. + D$Om© = ^mZyOm© &

B©) F$/G + F$/G = G 1. ‘mV¥ +F$U‘² = ‘mV¦U‘² &2. {nV¥ + = {nV¦V‘² &3. ^«mV¥ + = ^«mV¦f^: &

H$V¥©nX‘² bQ²>bH$ma: bL²>bH$ma: bmoQ²>bH$ma: {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma:^dmZ²/^dVr JÀN>{V AJÀN>V² JÀN>Vw JÀN>oV²

Ëd‘² JÀN>{g AJÀN>: JÀN> JÀN>o:

* Ho$db§ àW‘nwéfñ¶ {H«$¶mnXoZ gh Cn¶wÁ¶Vo {H$ÝVw ‘ܶ‘nwéfñ¶ Xe©H$‘² &

2222

(B) YmVwgm{YVm{Z A춶m{Z &

YmVwgm{YVm: Zm‘ YmVw‘ybH$m: eãXm: &

{H«$¶mnX‘² Zm‘ {deofU‘² A춶‘²nR² - nR>{V nR>Z‘², nmR>: n{R>V n{R>Ëdm

nyO² - nyO¶{V nyOZ‘², nyOm ny{OV gånyÁ¶a‘² - a‘Vo a‘m , a‘U‘² aV aËdmd¥V² - dV©Vo dV©Z‘², d¥{Îm: d¥Îm d{V©Vw‘²

A춶‘² &춶: Zm‘ n[adV©Z‘² & ¶pñ‘Z² eãXo n[adV©Z§ Z ^d{V, Zm‘ ¶: eãX: {Ìfw {b“ofw, {Ìfw dMZofw A{n M

gdm©gw {d^{³Vfw g‘mZ: Ed ^d{V, g: eãX: "A춶‘²' B{V CÀ¶Vo & ¶Wm- 1. ~m{bH$m Xod§ ZËdm nR>{V & 2. JUoe§ ZËdm Ëd§ JÀN>{g & 3. AmMm¶ª ZËdm N>mÌm: dJª à{depÝV &AÌ H$V¥©nXmZwgma§ {H«$¶mnX§ n[adV©Vo & na§ "ZËdm' B˶pñ‘Z² ê$no n[adV©Z§ Z ^d{V & AV: VX² A춶‘² &

YmVwgm{YVm{Z A춶m{Z

nyd©H$mbdmMH$Û¶‘² hoËdW©H$‘²

ËdmÝV‘² ë¶~ÝV‘² Vw‘ÝV‘² ( Ëdm + AÝV‘² ) ( ë¶n² + AÝV‘² ) ( Vw‘²+AÝV‘² )

‘ybYmVw: + ³Ëdm (Ëdm) CngJ©: + ‘ybYmVw: + ë¶n² (¶) ‘ybYmVw: + Vw‘wZ² (Vw‘²)

nyd©H$mbdmMH$-A춶-Û¶‘² &• ËdmÝVaMZm -1) am‘: embm§ JÀN>{V & am‘: dJª à{de{V & AÌ EH$: Ed H$Vm© & (am‘:), {H«$¶mÛ¶‘² (J‘Z{H«$¶m, àdoe{H«$¶m) nydª H¥$Vm {H«$¶m J‘Zñ¶ & AV: JÀN>{V B{V {H«$¶mnX§ nyd©H$mbdmMH$‘² ApñV & J‘² YmVmo: AJ«o Ëdm-à˶¶‘² Cn¶wÁ¶ A춶ê$n§ ^d{V - JËdm & am‘: embm§ JËdm dJª à{de{V &

2) ‘¡{Wbr nwpñVH$m¶m§ {bI{V & VËnümV² àý§ n¥ÀN>{V & ‘¡{Wbr nwpñVH$m¶m§ {bpIËdm àý§ n¥ÀN>{V & • ë¶~ÝVaMZm - 1) ZraO: dJª à{de{V & VXZÝVa‘² AmgZo Cn{de{V & ZraO: dJª à{dí¶ AmgZo Cn{de{V &2) ^maVr AmgZo Cn{de{V nwpñVH$m¶m§ {bI{V M & ^maVr AmgZo Cn{dí¶ nwpñVH$m¶m§ {bI{V &

AdYo¶‘² -ËdmÝV/ë¶~ÝVaMZmg‘¶o "A{n' "VXZÝVa§', "VV:', "M', "AW', "AZÝVa§', "VËnümV²' B˶mX¶: eãXm: {ZîH$mg{¶Vì¶m: & {ÛVr¶dm³¶ñW§ H$V©¥nX§ (Zm‘ gd©Zm‘ dm) A{n {ZîH$mg{¶V춑² &

23

hoËdW©H$‘² A춶‘² &

hoVw + AW©H$‘² = hoËdW©H$‘² & hoVw: Zm‘ C{Ôï>‘² & hoËdW©H$‘² A춶§ {H«$¶m¶m: C{Ôï>§ H$W¶{V &1) am‘: n{R>Vw§ embm§ JÀN>{V & am‘: {H$‘Wª embm§ JÀN>{V? n{R>Vw‘² &2) Xod§ nyO{¶Vw§ ‘mVm Xodmb¶§ JÀN>{V & ‘mVm {H$‘Wª Xodmb¶§ JÀN>{V ? Xod§ nyO{¶Vw‘² &3) N>mÌm: Io{bVw§ H«$sS>m“U§ JÀN>pÝV & N>mÌm: {H$‘Wª H«$sS>m“U§ JÀNpÝV ? Io{bVw‘² &

nR>V ñ‘aV &

YmVd: ³Ëdm ë¶n² Vw‘wZ² YmVd: ³Ëdm ë¶n² Vw‘wZ²Xm XÎdm àXm¶ XmVw‘² dh² D$T²>dm {Zdø dmoTw>‘²nm nrËdm {Znr¶ nmVw‘² dg² C{fËdm {Zdñ¶ d{gVw‘²ñWm pñWËdm CËWm¶ ñWmVw‘² dX² C{XËdm àmoÚ/AZyÚ d{XVw‘²km kmËdm {dkm¶ kmVw‘² H$W² H$W{¶Ëdm [dH$϶ H$W{¶Vw‘²J¡ JrËdm àJm¶ JmVw‘² Mwa² Mmoa{¶Ëdm A{^Mmo¶© Mmoa{¶Vw‘²Ü¶¡ ܶmËdm AZwܶm¶ ܶmVw‘² jb² jmb{¶Ëdm àjmë¶ jmb{¶Vw‘²{O {OËdm {d{O˶ OoVw‘² aM² aM{¶Ëdm {daMæ¶ aM{¶Vw‘²Zr ZrËdm AmZr¶ ZoVw‘² JU² JU{¶Ëdm {dJUæ¶ JU{¶Vw‘²lw lwËdm Cnlw˶ lmoVw‘² nyO² nyO{¶Ëdm gånyÁ¶ nyO{¶Vw‘²^y ^yËdm AZw^y¶ ^{dVw‘² Kwf² Kmof{¶Ëdm g”moî¶ Kmof{¶V‘²H¥$ H¥$Ëdm CnH¥$˶ H$Vw©‘² Z¥V² Z{V©Ëdm A{^Z¥Ë¶ Z{V©Vw‘²ñ‘¥ ñ‘¥Ëdm {dñ‘¥Ë¶ ñ‘Vw©‘² H«$ÝX² H«$pÝXËdm AmH«$ÝÚ H«$pÝXVw‘²g¥ g¥Ëdm AZwg¥Ë¶ gVw©‘² nR²> n{R>Ëdm AZwnR>ç n{R>Vw‘²

{Xe² {XîQ²dm Am{Xí¶ Xoïw>‘² {bI² {b{IËdm {dbo»¶ {b{IVw‘²Ñe² ÑîQ‰>>m gÝÑí¶ Ðïw>‘² hg² h{gËdm {dhñ¶ h{gVw‘²àÀN>² n¥îQ‰>m Amn¥ÀNç àïw>‘² dÝX² dpÝXËdm AZwdÝÚ dpÝXVw‘²ñn¥e² ñn¥îQ‰>m g§ñn¥í¶ ñàïw>‘² J«h² J¥hrËdm gL²>J¥ø J«hrVw‘²{gM² {g³Ëdm A{^{fÀ¶ go³Vw‘² J‘² JËdm AmJå¶ JÝVw‘²‘wM² ‘w³Ëdm {d‘wÀ¶ ‘mo³Vw‘² Z‘² ZËdm àUå¶ ZÝVw‘²dM² C³Ëdm àdmÀ¶ d³Vw‘² a‘² aËdm Ama˶ aÝVw‘²

np‘VÛ¶§ nR>V AdJÀN>V ! ñdamUm§ g¥{ï>: &1. ‘mVod aj{V {nVod {hVo {Z¶wL²>³Vo$& ‘mVod = ‘mVm + Bd & {nVod = {nVm + Bd & 2. {H«$¶m{g{Õ: gÎdo dg{V ‘hVm§ ZmonH$aUo & ZmonH$aUo = Z + CnH$aUo &2. JwUgpÝY: &A) A/Am + B/B© = E1. Xod + BÝÐ: = XodoÝÐ: &2. + Bd = MpÝÐHo$d &

Am) A/Am + C/D$ = Amo1. JUoe + CËgd: = JUoemoËgd: &2. d¥jñ¶ + = d¥jñ¶moÜd©‘² &

B) A/Am + F$/G = Aa²1. Xod + F${f: = Xod{f©: &2. ‘hm + = ‘h{f©: &

2424

(B©) bmoQ²>bH$ma: &

1) am‘: nmR>§ nR>{V & (bQ²bH$ma:) (dV©‘mZH$mb:) 2) am‘: nmR>‘² AnR>V² & (bL²>bH$ma:) (àW‘^yVH$mb:)dmŠ¶Û¶o H$mbñ¶ ~moY: ^d{V & AYwZm EVm{Z CXmhaUm{Z nR>V & 1. àVrH$, Ëd‘² C{Îmð> & (AmXoe:) 2. H$mbo df©Vw nO©Ý¶: & (Anojm) 3. gd} gwpIZ: ^dÝVw & (ew^me§gm) 4. A{n Ah§ dJª à{dem{Z ? (AZw‘{V:)

EVm{Z gdm©{U dmŠ¶m{Z H$mb§ Z ~moY¶pÝV & na‘² AmXoe:, BÀN>m, ew^me§gZ‘², AZw‘{V: B˶mXrZ² ^mdmZ² H$W¶pÝV & AV: Vm{Z "AW©' B{V àH$maofw JʶÝVo & AW©Û¶‘² - AmkmW©: (bmoQ²bH$ma:), {dܶW©: ({bL²>bH$ma:) & nañ‘¡nX‘² bmoQ²>à˶¶m: & (AmkmW©à˶¶m:) AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.Vw Vm‘² AÝVw àW‘: Vm‘² BVm‘² AÝVm‘²- V‘² V ‘ܶ‘: ñd BWm‘² Üd>‘²

Am{Z Amd Am‘ CÎm‘: Eo Amdh¡ Am‘h¡‘ܶ‘nwéf-EH$dMZñ¶ à˶¶: "{h' ApñV & {H$ÝVw JUmZm§ àW‘{d^mJo (1, 4, 6, 10) Vñ¶ bmon: ^d{V & nR²> (1 n. n.) a‘² (1 Am. n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.nR>Vw nR>Vm‘² nR>ÝVw àW‘: a‘Vm‘² a‘oVm‘² a‘ÝVm‘²nR> nR>V‘² nR>V ‘ܶ‘: a‘ñd a‘oWm‘² a‘Üd‘²

nR>m{Z nR>md nR>m‘ CÎm‘: a‘¡ a‘mdh¡ a‘m‘h¡

1. nyd©H$mbdmMH$-YmVwgm{YV-A춶m{Z Cn¶wÁ¶ dmŠ¶m{Z {bIV & 1. g: JÀN>{V & (ImX²) 2. Am{X˶: Jw鑲 (AZw + g¥) XoemÝVa‘² Ad«OV² & 3. ~«÷Xod: dmë‘r{H$‘² (Cn + {Xe²) AdXV² & 4. ^³V: {dîUw§ (ñ‘¥) VnûMaU§ H$amo{V & 5. ~mbH$: B©ûda§ (ܶ¡) Aä¶mg§ àma^Vo & 6. qgh§ (Ñe²) ‘wHw$b: ^rV: & 7. Zm¡H$m‘² (Am + Zr) AO¶: àdmg‘² Ama^V &2. hoËdW©H$-A춶m{Z à¶wÁ¶ dmŠ¶§ nwZ{b©IV & 1. ^mJ©d: (ñZm) J“mZXt JÀN>{V & 2. JX©^: (J¡) Ama^V amÌm¡ & 3. YZ§ (b^²) gmo‘XÎm: ‘hmZJa‘² AgaV² & 4. àý§ (àÀN²) g: Y¡¶}U AJ«o AmJÀN>V² &

{OkmgmnÌ‘²

25

Z¥V² (4 n. n.) ‘Z² (4 Am. n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.Z¥Ë¶Vw Z¥Ë¶Vm‘² Z¥Ë¶ÝVw àW‘: ‘ݶVm‘² ‘ݶoVm‘² ‘ݶÝVm‘²Z¥Ë¶ Z¥Ë¶V‘² Z¥Ë¶V ‘ܶ‘: ‘ݶñd ‘ݶoWm‘² ‘ݶÜd‘²

Z¥Ë¶m{Z Z¥Ë¶md Z¥Ë¶m‘ CÎm‘: ‘ݶ¡ ‘ݶmdh¡ ‘ݶm‘h¡ {bI² (6 n. n.) {Xe² (6 Am. n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.{bIVw {bIVm‘² {bIÝVw àW‘: {XeVm‘² {XeoVm‘² {XeÝVm‘²{bI {bIV‘² {bIV ‘ܶ‘: {Xeñd {XeoWm‘² {XeÜd‘²

{bIm{Z {bImd {bIm‘ CÎm‘: {Xe¡ {Xemdh¡ {Xem‘h¡ nyO² (10 n.n.) ‘Ý̲ (10 Am. n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.nyO¶Vw nyO¶Vm‘² nyO¶ÝVw àW‘: ‘Ý̶Vm‘² ‘Ý̶oVm‘² ‘Ý̶ÝVm‘²nyO¶ nyO¶V‘² nyO¶V ‘ܶ‘: ‘Ý̶ñd ‘Ý̶oWm‘² ‘Ý̶Üd‘²

nyO¶m{Z nyO¶md nyO¶m‘ CÎm‘: ‘Ý̶¡ ‘Ý̶mdh¡ ‘Ý̶m‘h¡

AL²>H$m:- 10

à. 1. A) 1) {M̧ X¥îQ‰>m Zm‘m{Z {bIV & (3 V: 2) 1 2) gL²>»¶m: Aja¡:/AL²>H¡$: {bIV & (3 V: 2) 1 Am) JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & (1 JÚm§e:) 4 1) EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & (1)

2) g˶‘² Ag˶§ dm/C{MV§ H$maU§/ H$: H§$ dX{V ? (1) 3) JÚm§emV² g‘mZmW©H§$/{déÕmW©H§$ eãX§ {MZwV & (1) 4) Ûo ËdmÝV/ë¶~ÝV/Vw‘ÝV-A춶nXo {MZwV & (1)à. 2. nÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & (2 V: 1) 2à. 3. A) n¥W¸w$éV & (4 V: 2) (Zm‘, gd©Zm‘, {H«$¶mnX‘², {deofU‘² &) 1 Am) gL²>»¶m{deofUmZm‘² Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm EH§$ dm³¶§ {bIV & (2 V: 1) 1 (Ho$db§ 1 V: 10 gL²>»¶m:&)

(1 V: 4 gL²>»¶m: AZwg¥Ë¶ EH$m gL²>»¶m Ano{jVm &)

(àW‘gÌ‘² - àW‘m{d^p³V:, {ÛVr¶gÌ‘²-àW‘m{d^p³V¨ {dhm¶)

* * *

àW‘m/{ÛVr¶m KQ>H$narjm - àmê$n‘² &

2626

n#mmoZ-{ÛdmXZ‘² XemoZ-{ÌdmXZ‘² nÄMm{YH$-nÄMdmXZ‘² Xem{YH$-fS²>dmXZ‘²

qde{V-A{YH$- n#m qde{V-A{YH$- n#m{̧eV²-A{YH$- MËdm[a¨eV²-A{YH$- Aï>dmXZ‘² ZddmXZ‘² XedmXZ‘² EH$mXedmXZ‘²

CXmhaUmZwgma§ K{Q>H$m¶ÝÌo g‘¶{ZX}eZ§ Hw$éV &1) N>mÌ: àmV:H$mbo n#mm{YH$fS²>dmXZo C{Îmð>{V & 2) N>mÌ: XemoZXedmXZo nmR>embm§ JÀN>{V &3) qde˶{YH$-n#mdmXZo N>mÌ: H«$sS>m“Uo Iob{V & 4) XemoZgádmXZo N>mÌ: gm¶§àmW©Zm§ H$amo{V &

g‘¶‘² Aja¡: {bIV nR>V M &1) AM©H$: Xodmb¶§ (4.50) dmXZo JÀN>{V & 2) AܶmnH$: H$jm§ (11.05) dmXZo à{de{V & 3) gm¶L²>H$mbo (6.20) dmXZo gy¶m©ñV: ^d{V& 4) d¶§ gd} amÌm¡ (8.40) dmXZo ^moOZ§ Hw$‘©:& 5) XÿaXe©Zo e{Zdmgao gm¶L²>H$mbo (7.00) dmXZo g§ñH¥$VdmVm©dbr-H$m¶©H«$‘ñ¶ àgmaU§ ^d{V &6) d¶‘² AmH$medmʶm§ à{V{XZ§ àmV: (6.55) dmXZo g§ñH¥$VdmVm©: lmoV§w e³Zw‘: &

7.30 - N>mÌmUm‘² AmJ‘Z‘² &7.45 - g^mJ¥ho ‘obZ‘² &8.10 - A{VWrZm‘² AmJ‘Z‘² & 8.15 - XrnàÁdmbZ§ emaXmnyOZ§ M &8.30 - A{VWrZm§ ñdmJV‘² &

8.45 - gm§ñH¥${VH$H$m¶©H«$‘m: &9.45 - A{VWrZm§ ^mfU‘² &10.10 - àYmZmMm¶©ñ¶ CnXoe: &10.30 - nm[aVmo{fH${dVaU‘² &12.05 - H$m¶©H«$‘g‘m{á: &

&&lr:&& Añ‘mH§$ {dÚmb¶ñ¶ dm{f©H$moËgdñ¶ H$m¶©H«$‘n{ÌH$m &

gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² & g‘¶:& {ÛVr¶: KQ>H$: &

27

OZm… AmЪ ewîH§$ M Ëd§ ^«‘UÜd{ZZm AÚ Amaä¶ d¶‘² AdH$a§ n¥WH²$ {jno¶w…& A{YH$g‘¶§ Z H«$sS>o…& Am{XZ§ nR>o‘ &

ûd… Ah§ nwñVH$‘² AmZ¶o¶‘² & EV§ Vmb§ ¶wdm§ nwZ…nwZ… dmX¶oV‘² & Amdm§ ’$bHo$ gw^m{fV§ {bIod &

n#mXedm³¶m{Z nR>V &1. g:/^dmZ² nR>oV²/a‘oV & 2. Vm¡/^dÝVm¡ nR>oVm‘²/a‘o¶mVm‘² & 3. Vo/^dÝV: nR>o¶w:/a‘oaZ² &4. gm/^dVr nR>oV²/a‘oV & 5. Vo/^d˶m¡ nR>oVm‘²/a‘o¶mVm‘²& 6. Vm:/^d˶: nR>o¶w:/a‘oaZ² &7. VV² nR>oV²/a‘oV & 8. Vo nR>oVm‘²/a‘o¶mVm‘²& 9. Vm{Z nR>o¶w:/a‘oaZ² &10. Ëd§ nR>o…/a‘oWm… & 11. ¶wdm§ nR>oV‘²/a‘o¶mWm‘² & 12. ¶y¶§ nR>oV/a‘oÜd‘² &13. Ah§ nR>o¶‘²/a‘o¶ & 14. Amdm§ nR>od/a‘od{h & 15. d¶§ nR>o‘/a‘o‘{h &

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & qH$ Hw$¶m©V²? qH$ ^doV²?

nwZ:ñ‘maU‘² & CnnX{d^³V¶: (A춶m{Z) &

H$m{ZMZ A춶m{Z {d{eï>-{d^p³Vê$n‘² AnojÝVo & Vm{Z AY: {Z{X©ï>m{Z &

1. A{^V: = ({ÛVr¶m) ^mZw‘² A{^V: J«hm: ^«‘pÝV &2. n[aV: = ({ÛVr¶m) ‘mVa§ n[aV: JUoe: àX{jUm§ H$amo{V &3. C^¶V: = ({ÛVr¶m) ZXr‘² C^¶V: joÌm{U {dÚÝVo &4. à{V = ({ÛVr¶m) gm¶L²>H$mbo dËg: YoZw§ à{V doJoZ JÀN>{V &5. {dZm = ({ÛVr¶m/V¥Vr¶m/n#m‘r) MÝБg‘²/MÝБgm/MÝX‘g: {dZm {Zem Z emo^Vo &6. gh = (V¥Vr¶m) {nÌm gh A{ZHo$V: AmnU§ JÀN>{V &7. Ab‘² = (V¥Vr¶m) Ab§ {Zжm & Ab§ ^r˶m & Ab§ dmVm©bmnoZ &8. Z‘: = (MVwWu) JUnV¶o Z‘: & Jwado Z‘: & ‘éVo Z‘:& ‘hmbú嶡 Z‘: &9. ~{h: = (n#m‘r) J¥hmV² ~{h: ‘mVm AmJVm &10. H¥$Vo = (fð>r) ñdgw: H¥$Vo ~ÝYw: Cnhma‘² AmZ¶{V &11. g‘rno = (fð>r) ZJañ¶ g‘rno CÚmZ§ dV©Vo&

2828

gwImWu MoV² ˶Oo{ÛÚm§ {dÚmWu MoV² ˶OoËgwI‘² &gwIm{W©Z: Hw$Vmo {dÚm Hw$Vmo {dÚm{W©Z: gwI‘² &&1&&

[ gwImWu MoV² {dÚm§ ˶OoV² & {dÚmWu MoV² gwI§ ˶OoV² & gwIm{W©Z: {dÚm Hw$V: ? {dÚm{W©Z: gwI§ Hw$V: ?]

Ñ{ï>nyV§ ݶgoV² nmX§ dónyV§ {n~oV² Ob‘² &g˶nyVm§ dXoV² dmUt ‘Z:nyV§ g‘mMaoV² &&2&&

[ Ñ{ï>nyV§ nmX§ ݶgoV² & dónyV§ Ob§ {n~oV² & g˶nyVm§ dmUt dXoV² & ‘Z:nyV§ g‘mMaoV² &]

YZ‘bãY§ H$m¬oV, bãY§ ajoV² à¶ËZV: &a{jV§ dY©¶oV² gå¶H²$, d¥Õ§ VrW}fw {Z{jnoV² &&3&&

[AbãY§ YZ§ H$mL²>joV & bãY§ (YZ§) à¶ËZV: ajoV² & a{jV§ (YZ§) gå¶H²$ dY©¶oV²& d¥Õ§ (YZ§) VrW}fw {Z{jnoV² &]

AH«$moYoZ O¶oV² H«$moY‘² AgmYw§ gmYwZm O¶oV² &O¶oV² H$X¶ª XmZoZ O¶oV² g˶oZ MmZ¥V‘² &&4&&

[AH«$moYoZ H«$moY§ O¶oV² & gmYwZm AgmYw§ O¶oV² & XmZoZ H$X¶ª O¶oV² & g˶oZ M AZ¥V‘² O¶oV² &]

à˶h§ à˶dojoV Zaü[aV‘mË‘Z: &{H$Þw ‘o new{^ñVw붧 {H$Þw gËnwéf¡[a{V &&5&&

[Za: AmË‘Z: M[aV§ à˶h§ à˶dojoV qH$ Zw ‘o (M[aV§) new{^: Vw붑²? qH$ Zw (‘o M[aV§) gËnwéf¡: (Vw붑²) B{V &]

ûcmoH$: 1-1) EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & (A) {dÚmWu qH$ ˶OoV² ? (Am) gwImWu qH$ ˶OoV²?

2. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & 1) ˶Oo{ÛÚm‘² 2) ˶OoËgwI‘² 3) Hw$Vmo {dÚm 4) Hw$Vmo {dÚ{W©Z:

3. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & 1) {dÚm 2) {dÚmWuûcmoH$: 2.1) EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & (A) H$sÑe§ Ob§ {n~oV² ? (Am) H$sÑer§ dmUr§ dXoV² ?

2. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {MËdm {bIV & 1) dmH²$ 2) n{dÌ‘² 3) F$V‘² 4) CXH$‘² &

3. ñVå^‘obZ§ Hw$éV &

{deofU‘² Ñ{ï>nyV:, dónyV‘², ‘Z:nyV‘², g˶nyVm

{deo² dmUr, AmMaU‘², nmX:, Ob‘²

ûcmoH$: 3- 1. EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & (A) ‘ZwO: H$sÑe§ YZ§ H$m¬oV ? (Am) d¥Õ§ YZ§ Hw$Ì {Z{jnoV²?

gw^m{fVm{Z g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m: d¡{eîQ>çnyUm©{Z nÚaËZm{Z & gw^m{fVm{Z Añ‘mH§$ ‘Z: aÄO¶pÝV, Añ‘mH§$ kmZ§ dY©¶pÝV, H$W§ ì¶dhma: H$aUr¶:, qH$ H$V©ì¶§, qH$ M Z H$aUr¶‘² B{V gå¶H²$ ~moY¶pÝV &

MVwW©: nmR>:& {dܶW©‘mbm & (H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘²)

^mfmä¶mg:

29

2. H«$‘mZwgma§ aM¶V & 1) YZñ¶ ajU‘² & (2) VrW}fw XmZ‘² & (3) YZñ¶ BÀN>m & (4) YZñ¶ dY©Z‘² &

ûcmoH$: 4 -1. EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & A) H«$moY§ Ho$Z O¶oV²? Am) XmZoZ qH$ O¶oV²? B) g˶oZ qH$ O¶oV²? 2. {déÕmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & H«$moY:, AgmYw:, g˶‘², XmZ‘² &

3. ûcmoH$mV² V¥Vr¶mÝVnXm{Z {MËdm {bIV &

4. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & MmZ¥V‘²

ûcmoH$: 5 -1) EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & A) à˶h§ qH$ à˶dojoV ? Am) M[aV§ Ho$Z Vw붧 ‘m@ñVw ? B) M[aV§ Ho$Z Vw붑² AñVw ?2. gpÝY§ Hw$éV & A) new{^: + Vw붑² Am) {H$‘² + Zw B) gËnwéf¡: + B{V B©) Za: + M[aV‘²

3 g‘mZmW©H$eãXmZm§ ¶w½‘§ {MZwV &

A à˶h‘² , Za:, M[aV‘², new:, Vwë¶:, gËnwéfm:

Am dV©Z‘², ‘¥J:, à{V{XZ‘², ‘ZwO:, g‚mZm:, g‘:

np‘VÛ¶§ nR>V & 1. godm Z {H${#mXñVr{V {^jm Z¡d M Z¡d M & Z¡d = Z + Ed 2. aWñ¶¡H§$ MH«§$ ^wOJ¶{‘Vm: gá VwaJm: & aWñ¶¡H$‘² - aWñ¶ + EH$‘² & 3) d¥{ÕgpÝY: & A) A/Am + E/Eo = Eo1. Z + EVX² = Z¡VX² & 2. ‘‘ + = ‘‘¡íd¶©‘² &

Am) A/Am + Amo/Am¡ = Am¡1. ‘‘ + AmoO: = ‘‘m¡O: &2. Vd + = Vdm¡Xm¶©‘² &

np‘VÛ¶§ nR>V & 1. ¶moJjo‘§ dhmå¶h‘² & dhmå¶h‘² = dhm{‘ + Ah‘² &2. Añ˶wÎmañ¶m§ {X{e XodVmË‘m {h‘mb¶mo Zm‘ ZJm{YamO: & Añ˶wÎmañ¶m§ = ApñV + CÎmañ¶m‘² &4. ¶U²gpÝY: &

A) B/B© + {dOmVr¶: ñda: = ¶² &1. B{V + A{n = B˶{n & 2. H$amo{‘ + = H$amoå¶h‘² &

Am) C/D$ + {dOmVr¶: ñda: = d² &1. Ibw + EVV² = IëdoVV² &2. ‘Zw + = ‘ÝdÝVa‘² &

nR>V AdJÀN>V ! ñdamUm§ g¥{ï>: &

A) E/Eo + H$mo@{n ñda: = A¶²/Am¶² 1. g‘rno + Ed = g‘rn¶od / g‘rn Ed &2. H¥$Vo + = H¥$V¶m¶m{h / H¥$V Am¶m{h &3. + A{n = ‘˶m¶{n / ‘˶m A{n &4. Vñ‘¡ + = Vñ‘m¶{n / Vñ‘m A{n &

Am) Amo/Am¡ + H$mo@{n ñda: = Ad²/Amd² 1. Ûm¡ + Ed = Ûmdod & 2. Vm¡ + = Vmd{n & 3. + A{n = C^md{n & 4. + AmñVm‘² = gwöXmdmñVm‘² &

np‘VÛ¶§ nR>V & 1. Ûm{d‘m¡ nwéfm¡ bmoHo$ jaümja Ed M & Ûm{d‘m¡ = Ûm¡ + B‘m¡ &2. ‘mVm{nVam{dh ‘‘ Z ñV:, EH$mH$s Ibw {IÞmo@h‘² & ‘mVm{nVam{dh - ‘mVm{nVam¡ + Bh &5. A¶m{XgpÝY: &

3030

"

"{H«$¶mnX‘²' B{V dm³¶ñ¶ ‘hÎdnyU©‘² A“‘² &~mbH$: J«ÝW§ nR>{V & B{V dm³¶o "nR>{V' B{V {H«$¶mnX‘² & VoZ H$ñ¶ ~moY: ^d{V ?

(1) nR>Zñ¶ {H«$¶m P

(2) nañ‘¡¡nX‘² P

(3) àW‘: nwéf: P

(4) EH$dMZ‘² P

H$V¥©dmÀ¶: à¶moJ: & (H$V©[a à¶moJ:)

H$Vm© H$‘© {H«$¶mnX‘² àW‘m {d^p³V: {ÛVr¶m {d^p³V: H$V©¥nXñ¶ nwéfdMZmZwgma‘²

(1) ‘Yþam gwYmIÊS>mZ² AmZ¶{V &‘Ywam gwYmIÊS>mZ² AmZ¶{V &

H$Vm© H$‘© {H«$¶mnX‘²

àW‘m {ÛVr¶m

à.nw. E. d.

à.nw. E. d.

{H«$¶mnX§ H$V¥©nX‘² AZwga{V & AV: H$V¥©dmÀ¶§ {H«$¶mnX‘² BX‘² &

EVofw dm³¶ofw {H«$¶mnX§ H$V¥©nXñ¶ nwéf§ dMZ§ M AZwga{V & ¶{X H$V¥©nX§ n[adV©Vo V{h© {H«$¶mnX‘² A{n n[adV©Vo AV: H$V¥©àYmZm{Z dm³¶m{Z B‘m{Z &

"nR>{V' B{V {H«$¶mnXñ¶ ldUoZ¡d H$Vm© àW‘nwéfñ¶ EH$dMZo B{V km¶Vo & VW¡d "nR>m{‘' B{V nXoZ H$Vm© CÎm‘nwéfñ¶ EH$dMZo B{V ñnï>§ ^d{V & Ed§ {H«$¶mnXoZ H$V¥©nXñ¶ nwéfñ¶ dMZñ¶ A{n ~moY: ^d{V &

2) d¶§ J«ÝW§ nR>m‘: &

d¶§ J«ÝW§ nR>m‘: &

{H«$¶mnX§ H$V¥©nX‘² AZwga{V & AV: H$V¥©dmÀ¶§ {H«$¶mnX‘² BX‘² &

H$Vm© H$‘© {H«$¶mnX‘²

àW‘m {ÛVr¶m

C.nw. ~. d.

C.nw. ~. d.

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & {H«$¶mnX§ qH$ H$W¶{V? - 1 AYwZm EVm{Z dm³¶m{Z nR>V &(1) ~mbH$: J«ÝW§ nR>{V &(2) ~mbH$m¡ J«ÝW§ nR>V: & (3) ~mbH$m: J«ÝW§ nR>pÝV &(4) Ah§ J«ÝW§ nR>m{‘ & (5) Ëd§ J«ÝW§ nR>{g &

(5) bQ²>bH$ma: P

(6) YmVmo: JU{dH$aU‘² P

(7) H$Vw©: nwéf: dMZ§ M ?

31

~mb: Ob§ {n~{V & ~mb: Ob§ nrVdmZ² & AZre: JÀN>{V & AZre: JVdmZ² &

N>mÌm: IobpÝV & N>mÌm: Io{bVdÝV: & d¶§ nR>m‘: & d¶§ n{R>VdÝV: &

‘{hbm {jn{V & ‘{hbm {jádVr & Xrnm Z¥Ë¶{V & Xrnm Z{V©VdVr &

Vm: àjmb¶pÝV & Vm: àjm{bVd˶: & N>mÌm: {bIpÝV & N>mÌm: {b{IVd˶: &

nrVdmZ², JVdmZ², Io{bVdÝV:, n{R>VdÝV: B˶mXr{Z ^yVH$mbdmMH$m{Z ³VdVw-à˶¶mÝV-{deofUm{Z &

1. ‘obZ§ Hw$éV & 1. {ejH$m: gwádVr & 2. ~m{bH$m: à{dï>dÝV: & 3. ajH$: ny{OVd˶: & 4. {~S>mbr Vm{S>VdmZ² &

2. ewÕ§ dm AewÕ‘²? 1. qgh: V§ hVdmZ² & 2. Vo ~mbH$m: AÞ§ Z ˶³VdÝV: & 3. Amn{UH$: Xod§ ZVdVr & 4. EVm: AÚ H«$s{S>VdÝV: & 5. Ah§ emH$m{Z H${V©VdmZ² &

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & H$: H¥$VdmZ² ? H$m H¥$VdVr?

gå^mfmnÌ‘²

3232

3. Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V &

g: Vo gm Vm:ImX{V Im{XVdmZ² Im{XVdÝV: Im{XVdVr Im{XVd˶:H$amo{V H¥$VdmZ² H¥$VdÝV: H¥$VdVr H¥$Vd˶:dX{V C³VdVrní¶{V Ñï>dÝV:Jm¶{V JrVd˶:C{Îmð>{V CpËWVd˶:Z¶{V ZrVdmZ²¶ÀN>{V XÎmd˶:nyO¶{V ny{OVdÝV:b^Vo bãYd˶:

4. n[aÀN>oXo ³VdVw-ê$nm{U AYmoaopIVm{Z Hw$éV &Xrnmd{b-CËgdg‘¶: AmgrV² & OZm: J¥hm{U ñdÀN>rH¥$VdÝV: & ‘mVm {‘ï>mÞm{Z H¥$VdVr & OZH$:

ZyVZdóm{U H«$sVdmZ² {H$ÝVw ñ’$moQ>H$m{Z Z AmZrVdmZ² & ^{JZr gwÝXat a“d„r‘² Am{bpIVdVr & ‘{hbm: ‘¥ÔrnmZ² à‚dmë¶ ñWm{nVd˶: & Ah§ {‘Ì¡: gh ^«‘UmWª ~{h: JVdmZ² & gd©Ì hf©: àH$me: M &

{dgJm}@h‘²

AmoH$maê$n:

AdJ«hg{hV: AmoH$maê$n:(gmo@h‘²)

(am‘mo JÀN>{V>)

(XodñVWm>)(~mbîfð:>) (h[aíeoVo)

(V¡a{n)(Xod¡Z©)

(gy¶© Bd)

(H$: na:)

{díd§ {dgJ©ñ¶

bmonr

a² ê$n:

e² ê$n:f² ê$n:g² ê$n:

A{dH$mar ( H$, I n, ’$)ÇÈ

ÇÈ

nR>V AdJÀN>V ! {dgJ©gpÝY:

33

IobamO: Zm‘ H$píMV² Z¥n: & {dínbm Vñ¶ nËZr & gm ¶Wm ‘hm{dXþfr AmgrV², VW¡d aUHw$ebm A{n AmgrV² & IobamO: A{n eya: namH«$‘r M AmgrV² & g: {dínb¶m gh gwIoZ Ord{V ñ‘ &

AW H$Xm{MV² eÌd: IobamOñ¶ amÁ¶o AmH«$‘U§ H¥$VdÝV: & ‘hV² ¶wÕ‘² AmaãY‘² & goZm¶m: Zm¶H$: IobamO: aUa“§

à{dï>dmZ² & {dínbm A{n aUa“§ à{dï>dVr & ^wd‘² AdVrUm© Mm‘wÊS>oœar Bd gm eÌyUm§ g§hma§ H¥$VdVr & Vñ¶m: em¡¶ª namH«$‘§ M ÑîQ‰>m eÌd: A{n M{H$Vm: A^dZ² &

"Efm aUa“mV² ¶mdV² Z {Zdm¶©Vo VmdV² O¶: gd©Wm Z àm߶Vo' B{V {MÝV{¶Ëdm eÌwg¡{ZH$m: ¶wJnV² AmH«$å¶ Vm‘² AdéÕdÝV: & eÌwg¡{ZH$m: Vo AgL²>»çm: AmgZ², {dínbm Vw EH$m{H$Zr ! VWm{n Vñ¶m: ‘Z{g Z ̂ r{Vboe: A{n AmgrV² & à˶wV {ÛJw{UVoZ CËgmhoZ ¶wÕ§ H¥$VdVr & ¶wÕg‘¶o eÌwg¡{ZH$m: Vñ¶m: EH§$ nmX§ H${V©VdÝV: & AZÝVa‘² "BV: na‘² EVñ¶m: H$maUmV² nrS>m Z ^{dî¶{V' B{V {ZU©¶§ H¥$Ëdm Vo {e{~a§ à{VJVdÝV: &

¶Ú{n {dínbm¶m: nmX: ^¾: VWm{n gm hVmoËgmhm Z OmVm & M¡Vݶ‘y{V©: gm dram“Zm Ed AmgrV² & "œ: ‘¶m ¶wÕ§ H$aUr¶‘² Ed' B{V {Z{ü˶ gm nmX§ nwZ: àmáw‘² EoÀN>V² & AV: gm {ZübV¶m Cn{dí¶ A{œZrHw$‘ma¶mo: ܶmZ§ H¥$VdVr & Vñ¶m:

• H$m Aݶm ¶wÕ{ZnwUm amkr à{gÕm?• H$: ¶wÕàg“: ¶wî‘m{^: g{dñVa§ lwV: dm n{R>V: ?• A{n lwVm: Am¶wd}Xñ¶

‘mhmËå¶{df¶H$m: H$Wm:?• Ho$ àmMrZm: eë¶{demaXm: ?

F$½doXmV² CX²Y¥Vm AVrd AØþVm amo‘m#mH$m[aUr M Efm H$Wm órUm§ gm‘϶ª Xe©¶{V (F$.1.116.15)& eó{H«$¶m{demaXm¡ A{œZrHw$‘mam¡ àJVd¡ÚH$VÝÌkmZñ¶ ‘ybmYmam¡ ñV: & {dínbm¶m: M[a̧ àoaUmXm¶H§$ Ibw gd}fm§ H¥$Vo &-gå^mfUgÝXoe ‘m{gH$mV² &

n#m‘>: nmR>: & drad{ZVm {dínbm&

3434

^³Vo$: H$maUmV² A{œZrHw$‘mam¡ bmoh¶w³V§ nmX§ ¶moO{¶Ëdm Vm§ ¶Wmnydª H¥$VdÝVm¡ & EVñ‘mV² {dínbm ¶Wmnydª M{bVw§ ¶wÕ§ H$Vwª M g‘Wm© OmVm &

AZÝVa{XZo àmV: gm ‘hVm CËgmhoZ aUa“‘² AmJVdVr & aUa“o Vm§ ÑîQ‰>m Ed eÌwg¡{ZH$m: M{H$Vm: ^rVm: M & Vñ¶m: Xe©Z‘mÌoU Ed Vofm§ Y¡¶ª Zï>§ OmV‘² & gm ¶Xm Am¶wYàhma‘² AmaãYdVr VXm Vo gd©Wm hVmoËgmhm: OmVm: & {dínbm eÌyZ² H$Xbrd¥jmZ² Bd brb¶m H${V©VdVr & ghóm{YH$m: g¡{ZH$m: V¶m g§öVm: &

Ed§ {dínbm¶m: em¡¶©ñ¶ H$maUV: Vpñ‘Z² ¶wÕo IobamOñ¶ Ed O¶: A^dV² &

drad{ZVm {dínbm ^Ìm© gh aUa“§ à{dí¶ em¡¶}U ¶wÕ§ H¥$VdVr & nmXH$V©ZmZÝVa‘{n A{œZrHw$‘ma¶mo: AZwJ«hoU nmX§ nwZ: àmßVdVr eÌyZ² g§öVdVr M & EVoZ gmhgoZ gm doXdmL²>‘¶o ~hþYm àe§{gVm &

{dínbm¶m em¡¶ª VWm M ApídZrHw$‘ma¶mo: eë¶{H«$¶mH$m¡eb§ ñ‘aÝVw B{V Añ‘mZ² Cn{Xe{V B{Vhmg: &

1. C{MV§ n¶m©¶§ {MËdm [a³VñWmZm{Z nya¶V & A) eÌd: & (H¥$VdmZ²/H¥$VdÝV:) Am) IobamO: & (à{dï>dÝV:/à{dï>dmZ²)B) {dínbm & (à{dï>dmZ²/à{dï>dVr) B©) gm ¶wÕ§ & (H¥$VdmZ²/H¥$VdVr) C) eÌwg¡{ZH$m: & (AdéÕdÝVm¡/AdéÕdÝV:) D$) g¡{ZH$m: {e{~a§ & (JVdÝV:/JVdÝVm¡) E) eÌwg¡{ZH$m: nmX§ & (H${V©VdÝV:/H${V©VdÝVm¡) Eo) gm aUm“U‘² & (AmJVd˶m¡/AmJVdVr)Amo) {dínbm ܶmZ‘² & (AmaãYdmZ²/AmaãYdVr)Am¡) A{œZrHw$‘mam¡ Vm§ ¶Wmnydª & (H¥$VdÝVm¡/H¥$Vd˶m¡)

2. ñVå^‘obZ§ Hw$éV &

A 1. bmoh¶w³V‘² 2. dram“Zm 3. ^rVm: 4. ‘hV² 5. eya:

Am 1. ¶wÕ‘² 2. eÌwg¡{ZH$m: 3. IobamO: 4. nmX‘² 5. {dínbm

3. AYmoXÎmofw {deofUofw ¶m{Z {deofUm{Z {dínbm§ Z dU©¶pÝV Vm{Z n¥Ww³Hw$éV & M{H$Vm:, AYram, àe§{gVm, ^rVm, g‘Wm©, {Zübm, EH$m{H$Zr, M¡Vݶ‘y{V©:, AdéÕm, Mm‘wÊS>oœar,

‘hm{dXþfr, aUHw$ebm, eya:, Zm{¶H$m, Xþ:{IVm

4. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV & 1. {dínbm¶m: em¡¶©ñ¶ dU©Z§ Hw$éV & 2. {dínbm A{œZrHw$‘ma¶mo: ܶmZ§ {H$‘Wª H¥$VdVr ?

^mfmä¶mg:

35

nmR>mV² YmVwgm{YV-A춶m{Z {MZwV n¥W³Hw$éV M &

5. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ nmR>mV² {bIV& A[a:, MaU:, dr¶©‘², g“a:, aUm“U‘², ajH$m:, npÊS>Vm, drú¶, doXZm, AJ{UVm: &

6. {déÕmW©H$eãX§ nmR>mV² {bIV & {‘Ì‘², H$mVaVm, Ag‘Wm©, H$mVa:, namO¶: &‘m¡{IH$H$m¶©‘²-AYmoXÎm§ H$m¶ª $Ho$Z H¥$V‘² B{V {bIV &

(A) goZm¶m: Zm¶H$Ëdñ¶ ñdrH$aU‘² & (Am) amÁ¶o AmH«$‘U‘² & (B) IobamOñ¶ níMmV² aUa“§ àdoe: & (B©) O¶§ àmáw§ ¶wJnV² AmH«$‘U‘² & (C) {ÛJw{UV-CËgmhoZ ¶wÕ‘² & (D$) EH$nmXH$V©Z‘² & (E) {e{~a§ à˶mJ‘Z‘² & (Eo) {dínbm¶m: Xe©Z‘mÌoU Y¡¶©ZmeZ‘² & (Amo) ghòm{YH$g¡{ZH$mZm‘² g§haU‘² & (Am¡) Am¶wYàhmaoU CËgmhZmeZ‘² &

({dgJ©ñ¶ n[adV©Z§ {ZarjÜd‘² &)

• Aå^mo{YO©b{Yn©¶mo{YéX{Ydm©am§{Þ{Ydm©[a{Y: &Aå^mo{Y: + Ob{Y: + n¶mo{Y: + CX{Y: + dmam§{Z{Y: + dm[a{Y: &namonH$ma: H$V©ì¶: àmU¡a{n YZ¡a{n &àmU¡a{n = àmU¡: + A{n & YZ¡a{n = YZ¡: + A{n &• CÎm‘m ‘ܶ‘m ZrMmpñVòmo d¡ àm{UZm§ {dYm: &namW©ñdmW©{dÜd§gm bjUm{Z ¶WmH«$‘‘² &&CÎm‘m: + ‘ܶ‘m: namW©ñdmW©{dÜd§gm: + bjUm{Z

}

}}

}AmoH$maê$n: {dgJ©:

a²ê$n: {dgJ©:

a²ê$n: {dgJ©:

bmonr {dgJ©:

• ‘m ‘Zmo ‘Ywnmo ‘oKmo ‘Únmo ‘H©$Q>mo ‘éV² &‘{jH$m ‘ËHw$Umo ‘Ëñ¶mo ‘H$mam Xe M#mbm: &&‘Z: + ‘Yþn: + ‘oK: + ‘Ún: + ‘H©$Q>: + ‘éV² &‘ËHw$U: + ‘Ëñ¶: + ‘H$mam: & AmoH$maê$n: {dgJ©: ‘H$mam: + Xe & bmonr {dgJ©:• g {h ^d{V X[aÐmo ¶ñ¶ V¥îUm {dembm &‘Z{g M n[aVwï>o H$mo@W©dmZ² H$mo X[aÐ: &&X[aÐ: + ¶ñ¶ H$: + X[aÐ:

nR>V AdJÀN>V ! {díd§ {dgJ©ñ¶ &

} g²ê$n: {dgJ©:

• Ëd§ ~«÷m Ëd§ {dîUwñËd§ éÐñËd‘² BÝÐñËd‘² A{¾ñËd§ dm¶wËñd§ gy¶©ñËd§ MÝБmñËd§ ~«÷^y^w©dññdamo‘² &&{dîUw: {dîUwg²éÐ: éÐg²A{¾: A{¾g²dm¶w: dm¶wg²gy¶©: gy¶©g²MÝБm: MÝБmg²

}• h§gíídoV: ~H$íídoV: H$mo ^oXmo ~H$h§g¶mo: &Zrajra{ddoHo$ Vw h§gmo h§gmo ~H$mo ~H$: &&h§g: h§ge²~H$: ~H$e²H$: H$mo ^oX: ^oXmoh§g: h§gmo ~H$: ~H$mo

e²ê$n: {dgJ©:

}AmoH$maê$n: {dgJ©:

3636

JUoem¶ ‘moXH$m: amoMÝVo & {edm¶ {~ëdnÌm{U amoMÝVo & ‘hmbú嶡 H$‘b§ amoMVo & JUoe: ‘moXHo$ä¶: ñn¥h¶{V & {ed: {~ëdnÌoä¶: ñn¥h¶{V & ‘hmbú‘r: H$‘bm¶ ñn¥h¶{V &

{Z{Ibm¶ bÈx>H$m: amoMÝVo & embm amoMVo & nwñVH$m{Z amoMÝVo & J{UVg§ñH¥$Vo amoMoVo &

H$mí‘ram H$ÊR>hmam¶ ñn¥h¶{V & eeH$mä¶m§ ñn¥h¶{V & ObH«$sS>m¶¡ ñn¥h¶{V & doUdo ñn¥h¶{V &

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & CnnX{d^³V¶: (YmVd:)&

1. J‘² = ({ÛVr¶m) nmÊS>dm: hpñVZmnwa‘² AJÀN>Z² &2. Hw$n² = (MVwWu) ‘mVm {eedo H$Xm{n Z Hw$߶oV² &

3. H«w$Y² = (MVwWu) ñdm{‘Zr ^¥Ë¶m¶ H«w$ܶ{V & 4. Xm-¶ÀN²> = (MVwWu) {eî¶m: Jwado X{jUm§ ¶ÀN>ÝVw & 5. H$W² = (MVwWu) Aßgagm¡ XodoÝÐm¶ d¥ÎmmÝV‘² AH$W¶Vm‘² & 6. aj² = (n#m‘r) H¥$îU: g‘Q>mV²/AmnX: JmonmbmZ² aj{V & 7. {d + a‘² = (n#m‘r) Ëd§ d¥WmH$bhmV² {da‘ & 8. pñZh² = (gá‘r) d¶§ ^«mV¥fw pñZøo‘ & 9. éM² = (MVwWu) ZaoÝÐm¶ ì¶m¶m‘: amoMVo &

10. ñn¥h² = (MVwWu) Jm¡ar Hw$ÊS>bm¶ ñn¥h¶{V &

Ef: {Z{Ib: & {Z{Ibm¶ qH$ qH$ amoMVo?

Efm H$mí‘ram & H$mí‘ram H$ñ‘¡/H$ñ¶¡ ñn¥h¶{V ?

{dÚm{ZHo$VZ‘²²

37

A{¶ {‘Ìm{U, ^maVgÑeo {dembo Xoeo gwXÿaàmÝVoä¶: AݶàmÝV§ à{V ào{fVm{Z nÌm{U {dZm {dbå~§ {dZm à‘mX§ H$W§ bä¶ÝVo? d¶‘² Añ‘mH§$ {Zdmg{d^mJo nÌno{Q>H$m¶m§ ņ {jnm‘: & VV: VV² nÌmb¶§ à{V JÀN>{V & VV: M {Z{X©ï>§ ñWmZ§ à{V àmßZmo{V & H$W§ e³¶m ^d{V Efm {dVaUì¶dñWm? "{nZ²H$moS²>àUm{b:' B˶od EVñ¶ àýñ¶ CÎma‘² & {nZ²H$moS²>H«$‘mL²>H$: Zm‘ nÌg‘o Vñ¶ AÝVo {b{IVm: fQ²> gL²>»¶m: & {nZ²H$moS²> Zm‘ ñWmZg‘o Vm‘: & (PIN - Postal Index Number). Am°JñQ> 1972-V‘o {¼ñVmãXo ñdmVÝͶ{XZg‘mamoho àYmZ‘pÝÌ-BpÝXam-JmÝYr-‘hmoX¶m¶¡ CnhmarH¥$Vm Efm ‘hÎdnyUm© àUm{b: & Ho$Z Ibw àd{V©Vm B¶§ g‘oVm‘ àUm{b: ? g: nÌmb¶-A{YH$mar AmgrV² g§ñH¥$VnpÊS>V: J{UVk:

lram‘-{^H$mOr-dobUH$a‘hmoX¶: &g: H$mobH$VmZJao S>mH$Vma{d^mJñ¶ {ZX}eH$ê$noU

H$m¶©aV: AmgrV² & Vñ¶ H$m¶©H$mbo EH$pñ‘Z² {XZo H$mo@{n Xþ:{IV: Ho$ab-àXoer¶: g¡{ZH$: ‘hmoX¶§ ‘o{bVw‘² AmJV: & g: Vñ¶ {nÌmo: ñdmñ϶{df¶o {H${#mX{n kmVw‘² Ag‘W©: & ¶V: VXm nÌñ¶ àdmgH$mb: Ho$abV: AéUmMbàXoen¶©ÝV§ ¹${MV² ‘mgm{YH$mo@{n AmgrV² & VoZ n§. dobUH$a‘hmoX¶ñ¶ {MÝVZ‘² AmaãY‘², "H$W§ nÌñ¶ àm{áH$mb§ ݶyZ§ H$Vwª e³Zmo{‘?' Xþ~m}Y§ hñVmja§,

{^Þm: àmÝVr¶m: ^mfm:, AnyU©: nÌg‘o V: B{V Z¡Ho$ à˶yhm: & AV: J{UVkoZ VoZ A‘mZm‘² Cn¶moJ: H¥$V: & VoZ Xoeñ¶ Aï> {d^mJm: H¥$Vm: & Vofm§ M Cn{d^mJ-OZnXmYmaoU H«$‘m‘ Z§ H¥$V‘² & VoZ AYwZm{n d¶§ {dZm¶mg§ erK«§ ņ b^m‘ho &

AZwemgZ{à¶ñ¶ dobUH$a‘hmoX¶ñ¶ g“rV‘{n {à¶: {df¶: & g: ìhm¶mo{bZdmXZo VWm V~bmdmXZo@{n

Jm¡ad: - Aao A‘o¶, Hw$Ì JÀN>{g ?A‘o¶: - g‘rno Ed nÌno{Q>H$m dV©Vo & ‘mVwb§ à{V ņ àof{¶Vw§ VÌ JÀN>m{‘ &Jm¡ad: - Xe©¶ nÌ‘² & A{n ~o“bwéZJao {Zdg{V Vd ‘mVwb: ? VV² Vw AVrd Xÿao {H$b ? H$Xm ņ

{dÝXoV² g: ? A‘o¶: - gm‘mݶV: Ìr{U {XZm{Z Ano{jVm{Z VXW©‘² &Jm¡ad: - Ìr{U {XZm{Z Ed ? EVmdV² erK«‘² ?A‘o¶: - g˶‘² &Jm¡ad: - {H$ÝVw gL²>Ho$V: Vw XodZmJar{b߶m§ {bpIV: & H$Um©Q>Ho$ Vw H$ÞS>{b{n: à¶wÁ¶Vo Zw ? V{h© H$W§

nÌdmhH$: VV² n{R>Vw§ eŠZw¶mV² ?A‘o¶: - ní¶ EVV² & gL²>Ho$Vñ¶ AÝVo AmL²>½b^mf¶m H$üZ H«$‘mL²>H$: {bpIV: ApñV & OmZm{g Ibw

V{Ûf¶o ?Jm¡ad: - Am‘², g: Vw {nZ²H$moS²>H«$‘mL²>H$: & Ah§ ņ Z {bIm{‘ {H$ÝVw gÚñH$-H«$¶Ug‘¶o (Online

Shopping) {nZ²H$moS>²H«$‘mL²>H$: A{Zdm¶©: Ed & BVmo@{n M Añ‘mH§$ {d^mJo ATM emIm:, é½Umb¶m:, {d{eï>godm: dm Hw$Ì gpÝV B{V kmVw§ {nZ²H$moS>²H«$‘mL²>H$: Amdí¶H$: Ed &

fð>: nmR>: & {nZ²H$moS²>-àdV©H$:, ‘hmZ² g§ñH¥$Vk: !

3838

AVrd {ZnwU: & AV: Ed g: "JrVJrdm©U‘²' B{V g“rV{df¶H§$ emór¶J«ÝW§ g§ñH¥$VoZ a{MVdmZ² & H$Wm:, JrVm{Z, ~mbJrVm{Z, Z¥Ë¶ZmQ>瑲 B{V ~hþ{dYm: aMZm: VoZ H¥$Vm: VWm{n Z>mQ>çboIZ§ Vñ¶ A{^‘V: gm{h˶àH$ma: & boIZ§, {X½Xe©Z§, ZmQ>ç{Z{‘©{V:, ì¶dñWmnZ§, g“rVg§¶moOZ‘² B{V gd©‘od H$Vwª g: g‘W©: AV: ""g~Hw$N> lr{^:'' B{V Vñ¶ ZmQ>H$mZm§ »¶m{V: AmgrV² &

Yݶ: g: {dÛÛaoʶ: ¶oZ d¶§ {nZ²H$moS>²àUmë¶m CnH¥$Vm: &

1. C{MV§ n¶m©¶§ {MZwV & A) nÌdmhH$: qH$ n{R>Ëdm ņ {dVa{V ? (1) XodZmJar{bnr‘² (2) H$ÞS>{bnr‘² (3) AmL²>½b^mfm‘² (4) g‘o VH«$‘m‘‘² Am) {nZ²H$moS²>H«$‘m‘: AÌ Z Amdí¶H$: & (1) é½Umb¶o (2) gÚñH$-H«$¶Uo (3) ATM emIm-AÝdofUo (4) nwñVH$nR>Zo B) {nZ²H$moS²>-àUm{b: Ho$Z g‘maãYm ? (1) BpÝXam‘hmoX¶¶m (2) JmÝYr‘hmoX¶oZ (3) àYmZ‘pÝÌUm (4) dobUH$a‘hmoX¶oZ B©) {nZ²H$moS²>H«$‘m‘o$ H${V gL²>»¶m: ? (1) 6 (2) 4 (3) 3 (4) 22. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m {bIV & 1. dobUH$a‘hmoX¶ñ¶ H$m¶©d¡{eîQ>çm{Z {bIV & 2. dobUH$a‘hmoX¶: Ho$Z àg“oZ {nZ²H$moS²>{Z‘m©Uo ào[aV: ?3. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & A) dobUH$a‘hmoX¶ñ¶ H$: {à¶: {df¶: ? Am) dobUH$a‘hmoX¶: Ho dmÚo dmX¶{V ñ‘ ? B) dobUH$a‘hmoX¶oZ a{MV: g“rV{df¶H$: J«ÝW: H$: ? B©) {nZ²H$moS²>àUm{b{Z{‘Îm§ dobUH$a‘hmoX¶oZ Xoeñ¶ H${V {d^mJm: H¥$Vm: ? D$) dobUH$a‘hmoX¶ñ¶ A{^‘V: gm{h˶àH$ma: H$: ?5. {deofUm[Z ApÝdî¶ {bIV &

ApÝdî¶V {bIV M &1. EVm: gL>²»¶m: qH$ {Z{X©epÝV &

4 0 0 0 7 9

? ? ? ? ? ?2. {d{dYXoeofw A{n nÌg‘oVm‘àUm{b: dV©Vo dm ?

dobUH$a‘hmoX¶oZ {b{IVm{Z ZmQ>H$m{Z & g“rVgm¡^Б² &

H$m{bXmgM[aV‘² & OÝ‘ am‘m¶Uñ¶ & VZ¶mo amOm ^d{V H$W§ ‘o ? amkr XþJm©dVr & aUlra“‘² & (Ìr{U ZmQ>H$m{Z) H$m{bÝXr & ñdmVÝͶbú‘r: (Z^moZmQ>瑲) & ñdmVÝͶ{MÝVm‘{U: (Z^moZmQ>瑲) & H$m¡{Q>br¶mW©ZmQ>瑲 (XÿaXe©Z‘m{bH$m) &

g§ñH¥$Vgm{h˶o dobUH$a‘hmoX¶a{MVm: eVm{YH$‘² g§ñH¥$VJ«ÝWm: & Vofw ZmQ>H$-H$mì¶-g“r{VH$m-Z¥Ë¶-ZmQ>ç-{dbmo‘H$mì¶m{Z B˶mX¶: {d{dYm: gm{h˶àH$mam: à{gÕm: &

A) àUm{b: & Am) g¡{ZH$: & B) ^mfm: & B©) hñVmja‘² & E) {df¶: & Eo) aMZm: &

^mfmä¶mg:

39

(A) {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma:& ({dܶW©:) N>mÌm: nR>ÝVw & (Anojm¶m: ~moY:) N>mÌm: nR>o¶w: & (eŠ¶Vm¶m: ~moY:)

{dܶW©: ({d{Y + AW©:) CnXoe:, Amerdm©X:, àmW©Zm, H$V©ì¶‘², e³¶Vm, ^{dî¶ËH$mb{ZXo©e: B˶mX¶: &

1. OrdoV² eaX: eV‘² & (Amerdm©X:) 2. àmáo Vw fmoS>eo df} nwÌo {‘ÌdX² AmMaoV² && (H$V©ì¶‘²) 3. b^oV {gH$Vmgw V¡b‘{n ¶ËZV: nrS>¶Z² & (eŠ¶Vm) 5. ‘{V‘mZ² ñdñWmZ§ Z n[a˶OoV² & (CnXoe:) 5. Ah‘² A{^ZoVm/A{^ZoÌr ^do¶‘² & (^{dî¶ËH$mb:) 6. N>mÌ: à˶yfo C{Îmð>oV² & (CnXoe:)

nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

BV² BVm‘² B¶w: àW‘: B©V B©¶mVm‘² B©aZ²B: BV‘² BV ‘ܶ‘: B©Wm: B©¶mWm‘² B©Üd‘²

B¶‘² Bd B‘ CÎm‘: B©¶ B©d{h B©‘{h nR² (1 n.n.) a‘² (1 Am.n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.nR>oV² nR>oVm‘² nR>o¶w: àW‘: a‘oV a‘o¶mVm‘² a‘oaZ²nR>o: nR>oV‘² nR>oV ‘ܶ‘: a‘oWm: a‘o¶mWm‘² a‘ooÜd‘²

nR>o¶‘² nR>od nR>o‘ CÎm‘: a‘o¶ a‘od{h a‘o‘{h Z¥V² (4 n.n.) ‘Z² (4 Am.n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.Z¥Ë¶oV² Z¥Ë¶oVm‘² Z¥Ë¶o¶w: àW‘: ‘ݶoV ‘ݶo¶mVm‘² ‘ݶoaZ²Z¥Ë¶o: Z¥Ë¶oV‘² Z¥Ë¶oV ‘ܶ‘: ‘ݶoWm: ‘ݶo¶mWm‘² ‘ݶoÜd‘²

Z¥Ë¶o¶‘² Z¥Ë¶od Z¥Ë¶o‘ CÎm‘: ‘ݶo¶ ‘ݶod{h ‘ݶo‘{h {bI² (6 n.n.) {Xe² (6 Am.n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.{bIoV² {bIoVm‘² {bIo¶w: àW‘: {XeoV {Xeo¶mVm‘² {XeoaZ²{bIo: {bIoV‘² {bIoV ‘ܶ‘: {XeoWm: {Xeo¶mWm‘² {XeoÜd‘²

{bIo¶‘² {bIod {bIo‘ CÎm‘: {Xeo¶ {Xeod{h {Xeo‘{h nyO² (10 n.n.) ‘Ý̲ (10 Am.n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.nyO¶oV² nyO¶oVm‘² nyO¶o¶w: àW‘: ‘Ý̶oV ‘Ý̶o¶mVm‘² ‘Ý̶oaZ²nyO¶o: nyO¶oV‘² nyO¶oV ‘ܶ‘: ‘Ý̶oWm: ‘Ý̶o¶mWm‘² ‘Ý̶oÜd‘²

nyO¶o¶‘² nyO¶od nyO¶o‘ CÎm‘: ‘Ý̶o¶ ‘Ý̶od{h ‘Ý̶o‘{h

{d{Y{bL²>à˶¶m: ({dܶW©:)

^mfmgyÌ‘² - 2

4040

(Am) g_mgm: & g§dmX‘² B‘§ nR>V &{ejH$: - Am{XË`, `y`§ gd} ø: Hw$Ì JVdÝV:?Am{XË`:- d`§ gd} AaÊ`§ JVdÝV: &{ejH$: - AaÊ`o qH$ {H$_² AmgrV² ?Am{XË`:- dZo d¥jm: AmgZ² &{ejH$: - AÝ`V² {H$_² AmgrV² ?Am{XË`:- IJm: ned: M &{ejH$: - AÝ`V² {H$_² ?Am{XË`:- \$bm{Z, nwînm{U, nÌm{U M AmgZ² &{ejH$: - AaÊ`o d¥jIJned: AmgZ² & AaÊ`o \$bnwînnÌm{U AmgZ² &1. d¥jm: M IJm: M ned: M- d¥jIJned: &2. \$bm{Z M nwînm{U M nÌm{U M- \$bnwînnÌm{U &EVm{Z CXmhaUm{Z A{n ní`V &1. gy`©ñ` àH$me:- gy`©àH$me: & 2. XeaWñ` nwÌ:- XeaWnwÌ: &3. {à`: Xoe:- {à`Xoe: & 4. dmë_r{H$Zm a{MV_²- dmë_r{H$a{MV_² &5. H$m`©o _¾:- H$m`©_¾: & 6. gwI§ M Xþ:I§ M- gwIXþ:Io &7. am_: M bú_U: M- am_bú_Um¡ & 8. Zrb: H$ÊR>: `ñ` g:- ZrbH$ÊR>: &9. EH$: XÝV: `ñ` g:- EH$XÝV: & 10. {XZo {XZo- à{V{XZ_² &

g§jon: Zm_ g_mg: &eãXm: gå`H²$ Añ`ÝVo `Ì g: g_mg: & g_mg: ^mfm`m: _hÎdnyUª d¡{eîQ>ç_² &

g_mgm: AW©_² AZwgapÝV & gpÝYg_mg`mo: H¥$Vo nXÛ`_od Amdí`H§$ {H$ÝVw V`mo^}X: Ðï>ì¶: &

gpÝY: g_mg:

1. CƒmaU§ àYmZ_² & 1. AW©: àYmZ: &2. {d^{³VàË``mZm§ bmon: Z ^d{V & 2. {d^{³VàË``mZm§ bmon: ^d{V&3. gÝYm¡ g_mg: Z eŠ`: & 3. g_mgo gpÝY: eŠ`: &4. gy`©ñ` + CX`: = gy`©ñ`moX`: & 4. gy¶©ñ¶ CX¶: = gy`© + CX`: = gy`m}X`: &

gm‘m{gH$eãXo nXÛ`_² 1) nyd©nX_² 2) CÎmanX_²

gm‘m{gH$nX‘² nyd©nX‘² CÎmanX‘²gy`m}X`: gy`© CX`:ZrbH$ÊR>: Zrb H$ÊR>:

41

nXñ` àYmZËd§ {H«$`mnXoZ {gÜ`{V & àYmZËdoZ g_mgmZm§ MËdma: àH$mam: & ¶Wm

nyd©nX_² CÎmanX_² AW©àYmZËd_² g_mgàH$ma: CXmhaU_²1. P nyd©nXàYmZ: Aì``r^md: à{V{XZ_²2. P CÎmanXàYmZ: VËnwéf: XeaWnwÌ:3. P P C^`nXàYmZ: ÛÝÛ: am_bú_Um¡4. AÝ`nXàYmZ: ~hþd«r{h: ZrbH$ÊR>:

C^¶nXmW©àYmZ: ÛÝÛ: g‘mg: &1. BVaoVaÛÝÛ: g‘mg: &

MÝÐgy¶m£ ~mbH$~m{bH$m: d¥jbVm: MÝÐ: M gy`©: M & ~mbH$m: M ~m{bH$m: M& d¥jm: M bVm: M &

BVa + BVa- {^ÞnXm{Z EH$Ì à`wÁ`ÝVo AÌ & 1. bKweãX: (ݶyZñda¶w³V: eãX:) àW‘: ̂ doV² & 2. g‘ñVnX§ {ZË`§ {ÛdMZo ~hþdMZo dm & 3. g‘ñVnXñ¶ {b“‘² CÎmanXmZwgma‘² & 4. {dJ«ho à{VnX§ àW_m {d^p³V: ¶moOZr¶m & 5. {dJ«ho, à{VnX§ "M' B{V A춶‘² Cn`mo³Vì`_² &6. g‘ñVnX§ ~hþdMZo MoV² à{VnX‘² AWm©Zwgma‘² & 7. g‘ñVnX§ {ÛdMZo MoV² à{VnX‘² EH$dMZ‘² &

H¥${V: 1 - {M̧ ÑîQ‰>m g_ñVnXm{Z {bIV &

nÌnwînm{U &

H¥${V: 2 - {M̧ ÑîQ‰>m g_mg{dJ«h§ {bIV &

{dÚm{ZHo$VZ‘²

ñH$ÝX: M JUoe: M &

4242

2. g_mhma: ÛÝÛ: &

_yfH$‘mOm©a_² & (OmVd¡aËd_²) hñVnmX_² & (earamd`dm:) _yfH$: M _mOm©a: M EV`mo: g_mhma: & hñVm¡ M nmXm¡ M EVofm§ g_mhma: &

`yH$m{bj_² & (gyú_Ordm:) h[aÐmHw$L²>Hw$‘‘² & ({Z˶gmhM¶©‘²) `yH$m: M {bjm: M EVmgm§ g_mhma: & h[aÐm M Hw$L²>Hw$‘§ M EV¶mo: g‘mhma: &

Xþ½YeH©$a‘² & (gmhM¶©‘²) {VbJwS>_² & ({Z˶gmhM¶©‘²) Xþ½Y§ M eH©$am M EV¶mo: g‘mhma: & {Vbm: M JwS>: M EVofm§ g_mhma: &

{OkmgmnÌ‘² {M̧ ÑîQ‰>m g‘ñVnX§ g_mg{dJ«h§ M {bIV &

43

g§dmX‘² B‘§ nR>V & [J«rî‘mdH$meo Xm¡{hÌm: Xm¡{hͶ: M ‘mVm‘øm gh Ho$db§ g§ñH¥$VoZ dmVm©bmn§ Hw$d©pÝV & ‘mVm‘hr Voä¶: g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m: {deofmZ² H$W¶{V &]‘mVm‘hr - Añ‘mH§$ ~më¶H$mbo XÿaXe©Zo EH$mË‘Vm¶m: EH§$ JrV‘² AmgrV² & VX² Jm¶m‘: -

EH$m MQ>H$m, AZoH$müQ>H$m: & Ymݶ‘² AÎmw‘² Am¶mVmüQ>H$m: &&

gwYoÝXþ: - ‘mVm‘hr JVg‘¶o Ëd¶m MVwañ¶ H$mH$ñ¶ H$WmJrV§ lm{dV‘² & EH$: H$mH$: V¥fmnr{S>V: &Ob§ Z b^Vo Xÿao Xÿao &&

VÌ EH$: H$mH$: B{V C³V‘² & AYwZm AÌ EH$m MQ>H$m B{V dX{g &n¥Wm - Am‘² & VWm M "EH§$ JrV‘²' B˶{n C³V‘² & V{h© {H$‘W©‘² AÌ EH$:, EH$‘² B{V ^oX: ?doUw: - ({MÝV{¶Ëdm) h§.. ‘¶m kmV‘² & ¶Wm EH$: ~mb:, EH$m ~mbm, EH$§ dZ‘² &‘mVm‘hr - ~hþ gå¶H²$ doUmo &gwYoÝXþ: - V{h© EH$: MfH$:, EH$m boIZr, EH§$ ’o$ZH$‘² & A{n ¶mo½¶‘oVV² ?‘mVm‘hr - ~mT>‘² & gå¶H²$ AdJV§ Ëd¶m & BVmo@{n EH$‘² AmL²>½b-~mbJrV§ ¶y¶§ Jm¶W ñ‘ & A{n ñ‘aW ? Ûm¡ bKy hñVm¡ Vm{bH$mdmXZm¶ & Ûm¡ bKy nmXm¡ J‘ZmJ‘Zm¶ & Ûo bKy ZoÌo Z^moXe©Zm¶ &...n¥Wm - ‘mVm‘{h, AdJV§ ‘¶m & VWm M Ûm¡-Ûo EV¶mo: ^oXmo@{n kmV: & ¶Wm Ûm¡ nwéfm¡, Ûm¡ Xrnm¡ &doUw: - Ûo ’$bo, Ûo CÚmZo &gwYoÝXþ: - ‘{hbmÛ¶§ dm ÐmoUrÛ¶‘² B{V H$W§ d³V춑² ?‘mVm‘hr - Ûo ‘{hbo Ûo Ðmoʶm¡ dm & BXmZr‘h§ gL²>»¶me¥L²>Ibm§ dXm{‘ & H$W¶V {H$‘oVV² ? ̶: {Vò: Ìr{U & MËdma: MVò: MËdm[a && gwYoÝXþ: - (h{gËdm) ‘¶¡d AdJV‘² & ̶: d¥jm:, {Vò: ‘{jH$m:, Ìr{U ’$bm{Z &... n¥Wm - {Vð> ao & AJ«o Ah§ dXm{‘ & MËdma: ‘wZ¶:, MVò: YoZd:, MËdm[a dmhZm{Z &‘mVm‘hr - gwemo^Z‘² & MmUmjm: ¶y¶‘² & doUw: - BV: na§ d¶§ EH$V: MVw:n¶©ÝV§ gL²>»¶mê$nm{U nR>m‘: &‘mVm‘hr - gmYw & gmYw &

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & gL²>»¶m{deofUm{Z - 1 & V¥Vr¶: KQ>H$: &

4444

EH$V: MVw:n¶©ÝV§ gL²>»¶mê$nm{U

EH $({Z˶‘² EH$dMZ‘²) {Û ({Z˶§ {ÛdMZ‘²)nw§. ór. Znw§. {d^p³V: nw§. ór. Znw§.EH$: EH$m EH$‘² àW‘m Ûm¡ Ûo ÛoEH$‘² EH$m‘² EH$‘² {ÛVr¶m Ûm¡ Ûo ÛoEHo$Z EH$¶m EHo$Z V¥Vr¶m Ûmä¶m‘² Ûmä¶m‘² Ûmä¶m‘²EH$ñ‘¡ EH$ñ¶¡ EH$ñ‘¡ MVwWu Ûmä¶m‘² Ûmä¶m‘² Ûmä¶m‘²

EH$ñ‘mV² EH$ñ¶m: EH$ñ‘mV² n#m‘r Ûmä¶m‘² Ûmä¶m‘² Ûmä¶m‘²EH$ñ¶ EH$ñ¶m: EH$ñ¶ fð>r Û¶mo: Û¶mo: Û¶mo:

EH$pñ‘Z² EH$ñ¶m‘² EH$pñ‘Z² gá‘r Û¶mo: Û¶mo: Û¶mo:

{Ì ({Z˶§ ~hþdMZ‘²) MVwa² ({Z˶§ ~hþdMZ‘²)nw§. ór. Znw§. {d^p³V: nw§. ór. Znw§.̶: {Vò: Ìr{U àW‘m MËdma: MVò: MËdm[aÌrZ² {Vò: Ìr{U {ÛVr¶m MVwa: MVò: MËdm[a{Ì{^: {Vg¥{^: {Ì{^: V¥Vr¶m MVw{^©: MVg¥{^: MVw{^©:{Ìä¶: {Vg¥ä¶: {Ìä¶: MVwWu MVw䶩: MVg¥ä¶: MVw䶩:{Ìä¶: {Vg¥ä¶: {Ìä¶: n#m‘r MVw䶩: MVg¥ä¶: MVw䶩:̶mUm‘² {Vg¥Um‘² ̶mUm‘² fð>r MVwUm©‘² MVg¥Um‘² MVwUm©‘²{Ìfw {Vg¥fw {Ìfw gá‘r MVwfw© MVg¥fw MVwfw©

gL²>»¶mê$nm{U {b{IËdm dm³¶m{Z nya¶V &A) (4) ‘{hbmä¶: VÊSw>bmZ² AmZ¶ & Am) Vofw (3) Véfw IJm: ZrS>m{Z AaM¶Z² &B) (1) H$no: Q>mo{nH$m n{VVm & B©) EVmgw (2) H¥$Vr {bIÝVw &C) (3) ^wdZmZm§ g‘yh: Zm‘ {Ì^wdZ‘² & D$) (1) Xmgr gÝXoe§ H${WVdVr &E) V¶mo: (2) nañna‘obZ§ Z AmgrV² & Eo) (1) ZJao g: dg{V ñ‘ &Amo) (2) A{n H$dr H$m춑² AnR>Vm‘² & Am¡) H$Wm‘oVm‘² (4) N>mÌoä¶: H$W¶ &A§) Ah§ (3) Mm¡amZ² Aní¶‘² & H$) d¶§ (4) JrVm{Z Jm¶m‘: &I) g: (4) doXmZ² AYrVdmZ² & J) d¶§ (2) ZoÌmä¶m§ ní¶m‘: &K) {ed: (3) ZoÌ¡: ní¶{V &

hgV ZÝXV !

1) ZrVm - AmMm¶}, gm Jm¡ar {H$‘{n Z H$amo{V & Am{XZ‘² Cn{dí¶ Ho$db§ ì¶Wª g‘¶¶mnZ§ H$amo{V & {e{jH$m - AñVw & {H$ÝVw Ëd§ H$W‘² EVV² OmZm{g ? ZrVm - Ah§ Vw gd©Xm, Vm‘od ní¶m{‘ Ibw !

2) {e{jH$m - N>mÌm:, ø: ^yVH$mb: nm{R>V: {H$b? AYwZm {‘{hH$o, ^yVH$mbñ¶ EH$‘² CXmhaU§ H$W¶ & {‘{hH$m - AmMm¶}, Ah§ Vw ø: AZwnpñWVm Amg‘² & {e{jH$m : CÎm‘§ {‘{hHo$ ! Ëd¶m gå¶H² ^yVH$mb: kmV: ! - MÝX‘m‘m-‘m{gH$mV² &

45

Z Mmoahm¶ª Z M amOhm¶ª Z ^«mV¥^mÁ¶§ Z M ^maH$m[a & 춶o H¥$Vo dY©V Ed {Z˶§ {dÚmYZ§ gd©YZàYmZ‘² &&1&&

[{dÚmYZ§ Mmoahm¶ª Z (ApñV), amOhm¶ª Z, ^«mV¥^mÁ¶§ Z, ^maH$m[a (A{n) Z (ApñV) & 춶o H¥$Vo A{n (VV²) {Z˶§ dY©Vo Ed & (g˶‘od {dÚmYZ§) gd©YZàYmZ‘² (ApñV) & ]

A¶§ {ZO: namo do{V JUZm bKwMoVgm‘² &CXmaM[aVmZm§ Vw dgwY¡d Hw$Qw>å~H$‘² &&2&&

[bKwMoVgm§ (H¥$Vo) A¶§ {ZO: na: dm B{V JUZm (ApñV) & CXmaM[aVmZm§ (H¥$Vo) Vw dgwYm Ed Hw$Qw>å~H$‘² (ApñV)&]namonH$mam¶ ’$bpÝV d¥jm: namonH$mam¶ dhpÝV ZÚ: &

namonH$mam¶ XþhpÝV Jmd: namonH$mamW©{‘X§ eara‘² &&3&&[d¥jm: namonH$mam¶ ’$bpÝV & ZÚ: namonH$mam¶ dhpÝV & Jmd: namonH$mam¶ XþhpÝV & BX§ eara§ namonH$mamW©‘² (Ed ApñV) &]

OmS>ç§ {Y¶mo ha{V {g#m{V dm{M g˶§ ‘mZmoÞqV {Xe{V nmn‘nmH$amo{V &{MÎm§ àgmX¶{V {Xjw VZmo{V H$s{Vª

gËg“{V: H$W¶ qH$ Z H$amo{V nw§gm‘² &&4&&[gËg“{V: {Y¶: OmS>ç§ ha{V, dm{M g˶§ {g#m{V, ‘mZmoÞqV {Xe{V, nmn‘² AnmH$amo{V, {MÎm§ àgmX¶{V, {Xjw H$s{Vª VZmo{V & H$W¶ ! (gm gËg“{V:) nw§gm§ qH$ ({hV§) Z H$amo{V ?]

¶Ì Zm¶©ñVw nyÁ¶ÝVo a‘ÝVo VÌ XodVm: &¶Ì¡VmñVw Z nyÁ¶ÝVo gdm©ñVÌm’$bm: {H«$¶m: &&5&&

[¶Ì Zm¶©: nyÁ¶ÝVo VÌ XodVm: a‘ÝVo & ¶Ì Vw EVm: Z nyÁ¶ÝVo VÌ gdm©: {H«$¶m: A’$bm: (^dpÝV) & ]

g§ñH¥$V^mfm gw^m{fV¡: g‘bL²>H¥$Vm Ibw & gw^m{fVoä¶: CÕ¥Vm: Z¡H${dYm: g§ñH¥$Vgy³V¶: Z Ho$db§ g§ñH¥$Vo, A{n Vw Aݶ^mfmñd{n ‘m{‘©H$V¶m CËñ’y$V©V¶m M Cn¶wº$m: Ñí¶ÝVo & àm¶: OZm: gånyUª gw^m{fV§ Z ñ‘apÝV naÝVw gy³V¶: Vofm§ {OˆmJ«o {VðpÝV & ^mfmd¡^d§ dY©¶Ý˶: EVmÑí¶: gy³V¶: N>mÌ¡: gå¶H²$ n{R>Vì¶m: ñ‘V©ì¶m: M &

gá‘: nmR>: & gyp³VgwYm & (H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘²)

ûcmoH$: 11. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & A) H¡$: YZ§$Z õr¶Vo ? Am) Ho$fw YZ§ Z {d^Á¶Vo ? B) gd©YZàYmZ§ {H$‘² ?2. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV & {dÚmYZ§ 춶o H¥$Vo H$W§ dY©Vo ?3. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & dY©V Ed &

4. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & Mmoa:, ^ma:, {Z˶‘², {dÚm, YZ‘², àYmZ‘² & 5. {déÕmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & 춶:, {Z˶‘², àYmZ‘² &ûcmoH$: 2 1. gpÝY¨ Hw$éV & (A) na: + dm + B{V (Am) dgwYm + Ed

^mfmä¶mg:

4646

2. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & A) "A¶§ {ZO:, A¶§ na:' B{V Ho$fm§ JUZm ? Am) Ho$fm§ H¥$Vo dgwYm Ed Hw$Qw>å~H$‘² ^d{V? 3. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV & bKwMoVg: CXmaMoVg: OZm: H$W‘² A{^kmVì¶m: ?4. ñVå^‘obZ§ Hw$éV

A ñdr¶‘² {MÝVZ‘² Aݶ: n¥{WdrAm JUZm dgwYm {ZO: na:

ûcmoH$: 31. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & A) namonH$mam¶ d¥jm: qH$ Hw$d©pÝV ? Am) namonH$mam¶ ZÚ: qH$ Hw$d©pÝV ? B) H$m: namonH$mam¶ XþhpÝV ? B©) eara§ {H$‘W©‘² ?2. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV & namonH$ma: Zm‘ {H$‘² ? Ho$ namonH$ma‘¾m: ?3. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & d¥jm:, ZÚ:, eara‘² &4. {déÕmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & CnH$ma:, na: &

ûcmoH$: 41. [a³VñWmZ§ nya¶V & A) gËg“{V: {Y¶: OmS>ç§ & Am) gËg“{V: dm{M {g#m{V & B) gËg“{V: {Xe{V & B©) gËg“{V: nmn‘² & C) gËg“{V: {MÎm§ & D$) gËg“{V: {Xjw VZmo{V &2. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV & gËg“{V: OrdZo qH$ qH$ H$amo{V? ûcmoH$: 51. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & Zm¶©ñVw, ¶Ì¡Vm:, EVmñVw, VÌm’$bm:, gdm©ñVÌ &2. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & A) XodVm: Hw$Ì a‘ÝVo ? Am) {H«$¶m: Hw$Ì A’$bm: ^dpÝV ?3. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV & "¶Ì Zm¶©: nyÁ¶ÝVo '& B{V gyp³V§ ûcmoH$ñ¶

AmYmaoU ñnï>rHw$éV &5. "Zmar' B˶W©‘² A‘aH$mofnpL²>³V§ {bIV &

amOm, amQ²>, nm{W©d:, ú‘m^¥V², Z¥n:, ^yn:, ‘hr{jV: &Cnmܶm¶:, AܶmnH$:, {ZfoH$m{XH¥$V², Jwé: &K«mU‘², JÝYdhm, KmoUm, Zmgm, Zm{gH$m&bmoMZ‘², Z¶Z‘², ZoÌ‘², B©jU‘², Mjw:, A{j: & H$U©:, eãXJ«h:, lmoÌ‘², lw{V:, ldU‘², ld: &{Ûao’$:, nwîn{bQ²>, >^¥“:, fQ>²nX:, ^«‘a:, A{b: &‘Zwî¶m:, ‘mZwfm:, ‘˶m©:, ‘ZwOm:, ‘mZdm:, Zam: &ór, ¶mo{fV², A“Zm, ¶mofm, Zmar, gr‘pÝVZr, dYy: &àdrU:, {ZnwU:, A{^k, {dk:, {ZîUmV:, {e{jV: &A¶Z‘², dË‘©, ‘mJ©:, AÜdm, nÝWm:, nXdr g¥{V: &^Q>m:, ¶moYm:, ¶moÕma:, goZmajm:, g¡{ZH$m: &{ZÐm, e¶Z‘², ñdmn:, ñdßZ:, g§doe: &~w{Õ:, ‘Zrfm, YrfUm, Yr:, àkm, eo‘wfr, ‘{V: &ì¶mhma:, Cp³V:, b{nV‘², ^m{fV‘², dMZ‘², dM: &[anw:, d¡ar, gnËZ:, A[a:, {ÛfX², ÛofU:, Xwö©X² &

amOm - amOm amQ²> nm{W©d: ú‘m^¥Þ¥n^yn‘hr{jV: &Jwé: - Cnmܶm¶mo@ܶmnH$mo@W ñ¶m{ÞfoH$m{XH¥$X²Jwé: &Zm{gH$m - ³br~o K«mU§ JÝYdhm KmoUm Zmgm M Zm{gH$m &ZoÌ‘² - bmoMZ§ Z¶Z§ ZoÌ‘rjU§ Mjwa{jUr &H$U©: - H$U©eãXJ«hm¡ lmo̧ lw{V: ór ldU§ ld: &fQ²>nX:� {Ûao’$nwîn{bS²>^¥“fQ>nX^«‘amb¶: &‘mZdm: - ‘Zwî¶m ‘mZwfm ‘˶m© ‘ZwOm ‘mZdm Zam: &Zmar - ór ¶mo{fX“Zm ¶mofm Zmar gr‘pÝVZr dYy: &{ZnwU: - àdrUmo {ZnwUm{^k{dk{ZîUmV{e{jVm: &‘mJ©: - A¶Z§ dË‘© ‘mJm©ÜdnÝWmZ: nXdr g¥{V: &g¡{ZH$: - ^Q>m ¶moYmü ¶moÕma: goZmajmñVw g¡{ZH$m: &{ZÐm - ñ¶m{ÞÐm e¶Z§ ñdmn: ñdßZ: g§doe B˶{n &~w{Õ: - ~w{Õ‘©Zrfm YrfUmYr: àkm eo‘wfr ‘{V: &dM>: - ì¶mhma Cp³Vb©{nV§ ^m{fV§ dMZ§ dM: &eÌw: - [anm¡ d¡[agßZm[a{ÛfX²ÛofUXþö©X: &

&& A‘aH$mof: && {dJ«h: &

47

g§dmX‘² B‘§ nR>V &‘mVm‘hr - EH$V: MVw:n¶©ÝV§ gL²>»¶mê$nm{U AYrVm{Z Ibw ? n#mV: Vw gL²>»¶mê$nofw Z {b“^oX: & Vm: ¶WmdV² à¶mo³Vì¶m: &doUw: - kmV‘² & V{h© n#m AmgÝXm:, n#m A‘ݶ: n#m ^dZm{Z dm &gwYoÝXþ: - VWm M gá ~Q>d:, gá a‚md:, gá¡d M {XZm{Z &n¥Wm - BVmo@{n Aï> VmaH$m:, Aï> ‘wZ¶:, Aï> dgy{Z &‘mVm‘hr - CÎm‘‘² & H$míMZ gL²>»¶m: à{gÕm: & ¶Wm Zd am̶: ...doUw: M n¥Wm M - gá F$f¶:, Xe AmZZm{Z, Aï> búå¶:... Ìr{U ^wdZm{Z, Zd aËZm{Z dm &‘mVm‘hr - n¶m©á‘² & Ah‘² AYwZm Hy$Q>àíZ§ dXm{‘ & {^: - ä¶: - ä¶: - AmZm‘² - gw & {H$‘² EVX² ?gwYoÝXþ:- (Cƒ¡: h{gËdm) Z Ef: Hy$Q>àíZ: & EVo Vw {d^p³Và˶¶m: & JVdf} Ah§ n{R>VdmZ² gå¶H²$

ñ‘am{‘ AYwZm A{n &doUw: - Amohmo gwYoÝXmo ! g˶‘od VrúUm OmVm Vd ~w{Õ: & V{h© EVo gL²>»¶mà˶¶m: V¥Vr¶mV: gá‘rn¶©ÝV‘² &n¥Wm- ¶Wm � n#m, n#m, n#m{^:, n#mä¶:, n#mä¶:, n#mmZm‘², n#mgw & n#mV: ZdXen¶©ÝV§ ê$nm{U

n#m gL²>»¶m Bd ^dpÝV & g˶§ Ibw ?‘mVm‘hr - Am‘², AVrd ‘w{XVm@pñ‘ & ¶y¶§ gd} g§ñH¥$VnQ>d: & BV:na§ g§ñH¥$V^mf¶m Io{bVw§ g‘Wm©: &gwYoÝXþ:- VÎmw Ëd¶m gh gå^mfUoZ {H${#mX² ì¶mH$aUmä¶mgoZ M &doUw: - gL²>»¶mê$nm{U gå¶JYr˶ gå^mfUo gL²>»¶mZm‘² A{YH§$ à¶moJ§ Hw$‘©: &n¥Wm - A{J«‘o AdH$meo AݶmZ² gL²>»¶m{deofmZ² kmVw‘² AmJÀN>m‘: &

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & gL²>»¶m{deofUm{Z - 2 &

gL²>»¶mê$nm{U {b{IËdm dm³¶m{Z nya¶V &1. VÌ (5) ~mbHo$fw H$bh: CX²^yV: & 2. (6) {~S>mb¡: EH$: Ed ‘yfH$: Ñï>: &3. (7) XrnmZm‘² EH$m Amd{b: J¥ho Ñí¶Vo &4. (9) amÌrUm§ g‘yh: Zm‘ ZdamÌ‘² &5. A{n OmZm{g (7) F$frUm§ Zm‘m{Z ?6. H$m{V©Ho$¶: (6) ‘wI¡: dX{V {H$‘² ?7. amdUñ¶ (10)‘ñVHo$ä¶: {H$arQ>m: n{VVm: &8. (8) bú‘rfw H${V Zm‘m{Z OmZm{g ?9. amOm (9) F${fä¶: XmZ§ XÎmdmZ² &10. (6) dñVwä¶: (3) dñVy{Z

Amdí¶H$m{Z &11. Añ‘m{^: (8) ^ynVrZm§ M[aÌm{U

n{R>Vm{Z &

gL²>»¶mê$nm{U

({Z˶§ ~hþdMZ‘²) ff² Aï>Z² ZdZ² {d^p³V:

fQ²>/fS²> Aï> / Aï>m¡ Zd àW‘mfQ²>/fS²> Aï> / Aï>m¡ Zd {ÛVr¶mfS²>{^:> Aï>{^:/

Aï>m{^: Zd{^: V¥Vr¶m

fS²>ä¶: Aï>ä¶:/Aï>mä¶:

Zdä¶: MVwWu

fS²>ä¶: Aï>ä¶:/Aï>mä¶:

Zdä¶: n#m‘r

fÊUm‘² Aï>mZm‘² ZdmZm‘² fð>rfQ²>gw/fQ²>Ëgw

Aï>gw/Aï>mgw

Zdgw gá‘r

{OkmgmnÌ‘²

4848

H$‘©dmÀ¶: à¶moJ: & (H$‘©{U à¶moJ:)

JU¶{V gyM¶Vo H$W¶{V

Yma¶{V nyÁ¶Vo VmS>¶Vo

Kmof¶Vo Mmoa¶{V jmb¶{V

H$Vm© H$‘© {H«$¶mnX‘² V¥Vr¶m {d^{³V: àW‘m {d^{³V: H$‘©nXñ¶ nwéfdMZmZwgma‘²

AÌ {^Þ§

nX§ {H$‘² ?

EVm{Z dm³¶m{Z nR>V &1. am‘oU J«ÝW: nR>çVo &2. am‘oU J«ÝWm¡ nR>çoVo &3. am‘oU J«ÝWm: nR>çÝVo &4. am‘oU Ah§ Ñí¶o & 5. am‘oU Amdm§ Ñí¶mdho & 6. am‘oU d¶§ Ñí¶m‘ho &

EVofw dm³¶ofw {H«$¶mnX§ H$‘©nXñ¶ nwéf§ dMZ§ M AZwga{V & ¶{X H$‘©nX§ n[adV©Vo V{h© {H«$¶mnX‘² A{n n[adV©Vo AV: H$‘©àYmZm{Z dm³¶m{Z B‘m{Z &

1) ‘Ywa¶m gwYmIÊS>m: AmZr¶ÝVo &

H$Vm© H$‘© {H«$¶mnX‘²

V¥Vr¶m àW‘m

à.nw. ~.d.

à.nw. ~.d.

{H«$¶mnX§ H$‘©nX‘² AZwga{V & AV: H$‘©dmÀ¶§ {H«$¶mnX‘² BX‘² &

2) Añ‘m{^: J«ÝW: nR>çVo &

H$Vm© H$‘© {H«$¶mnX‘²

V¥Vr¶m àW‘m

à.nw. E. d.

à.nw. E.d.

{H«$¶mnX§ H$‘©nX‘² AZwga{V & AV: H$‘©dmÀ¶§ {H«$¶mnX‘² BX‘² &

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & {H«$¶mnX§ qH$ H$W¶{V? - 2 {H«$¶mnXm{Z dm³¶o ApÝdî¶V &1. gwdUª gd©loð>§ JʶVo & 2. gm¡Oݶ§ loð>‘² CÀ¶Vo & 3. {MÌo ZXr Ñí¶Vo & EVofm§ g‘mZVm H$m? 1. à˶¶: - 2. ‘ybYmVw: +

CÎma‘² -

nR>V ~moYV !! ì¶mgJUoeH$Wm &

^JdVm ì¶mg‘w{ZZm ‘hm^maV§ Zm‘ ‘hmH$m춧 {daÀ¶Vo & EVñ‘mV² gÝVwï>: ~«÷Xod: Vñ¶ nwaV: Am{d^©d{V & VXm ì¶mgoZ Z‘«oU àUå¶Vo & ~«÷XodoZ H$϶Vo, ""ho ‘wZo, Ëd¶m ¶V² H$m춧 {da{MV§ Vñ¶ boIZ§ H$V©ì¶‘²'' B{V & ì¶mg‘w{ZZm CÀ¶Vo, ""Xod, ‘‘ H$mì¶ñ¶ boIZmWª ZmpñV ¶mo½¶: boIH$: &'' ~«÷XodoZ H$϶Vo, ""lrJUoe: Vd H$m춧 {bIoV² & Ëd¶m g: àmW©Zr¶: &'' VV: ~«÷XodoZ {ZJ©å¶Vo &

ì¶mg‘w{ZZm lrJUoe: Amhy¶Vo & lrJUoeoZ àUå¶ H$϶Vo, ""‘w{Zda, ‘¶m qH$ H$aUr¶§ VV² Am{XeVw &'' ì¶mg‘w{ZZm H$϶Vo, ""JUoe, Ëd¶m ‘‘ H$m춧 bo{IV춑² &'' JUoeoZ CÀ¶Vo, ""Adí¶§ {bIm{‘ & {H$ÝVw ^dVm gd} íbmoH$m: A{daV§ H$W{¶Vì¶m: &'' ì¶mg‘w{ZZm CÀ¶Vo, "VWmñVw & {H$ÝVw Ëd¶m A{n EH$ñ¶ A{n Ajañ¶ AW©‘² AkmËdm Z bo{IV춑² &'' lrJUoeoZ H$϶Vo, ""Am‘², VWm H$amo{‘'' B{V & VXZÝVa§ ì¶mg‘w{ZZm íbmoH$m: H$϶ÝVo JUoeoZ Vo {b»¶ÝVo & ì¶mg‘w{ZZm H${R>Zm: íbmoH$m: H$϶ÝVo VXm JUoeoZ {MÝVZ§ {H«$¶Vo AW©: km¶Vo {b»¶Vo M &

49

""~më¶mXod {Ûdma§ ñZmZ§ H$amo{‘ ñ‘ Ah‘² &'' í¶m‘oZ H$Wm AmaãYm & ""{Ûdma§ ñZmZñ¶ Aä¶mg: CÎm‘: Ed & amÌm¡ {ZÐm¶m: nydª

"í¶m‘Mr AmB©' B{V nm§Sw>a§J gXm{ed gmZo (gmZo JwéOr) ‘hmoX¶oZ ‘amR>r^mf¶m {da{MV§ nwñVH$‘² & Apñ‘Z² nwñVHo$ Vñ¶ AmË‘H$WZnam: H$Wm: gpÝV & EVm: ñ‘aUH$Wm: ~mbH$mZm§ H¥$Vo ~moYnam: g§ñH$maj‘m: ‘mV¥ñZohdY©H$m: M & í¶m‘: à{Vam̧ ñd{‘Ìoä¶: ñdOrdZmYm[aVm: ñ‘¥{VH$Wm: H$W¶{V & g§ñH¥$VmZwdmXÛmam Añ¶ AmXe©^yVñ¶ nwñVH$ñ¶ n[aM¶: H$m[aV: S>m°. ‘ÄOyfm Hw$bH$Uu ‘hm^mJ¶m & Vñ‘mV² nwñVH$mV² A¶§ àg“: &

• ñdÀN>Vm gd©Xm earañ¶ AWdm n[agañ¶ Ed ^d{V {H$‘² ? • A{n ‘Z: ñdÀN>§ ‘{bZ§ dm ^{dVw‘² Ah©{V ?• ¶Xm ¶y¶§ hR>§ Hw$éV VXm ¶wî‘mH§$

‘mVm qH$ H$amo{V ? hR>§ nya¶{V CV {ZamH$amo{V ? àg“§

dU©¶V &

ñZmZ§ Hw$‘©: MoV² eara§ ñdÀN>§, gVoO:, bKw^ma{‘d M ^mgVo & {ZÐm¶m: nydª d¶§ àmW©Zm§ Hw$‘©:, EVV² ^d{V ‘Zg: ñZmZ‘² & eara§ ‘Z: M ñdÀN>o V{h© {ZÐm CÎm‘m ^d{V &

EH$Xm à{V{XZ{‘d Io{bËdm Ah§ J¥h‘² AmJ˶ ñZmZmWª JVdmZ² & gm¶L²>H$mbñ¶ ñZmZmW©‘² A{YH$ñ¶ Obñ¶ Amdí¶H$Vm Z ^d{V & ñZmZ§ g‘m߶ ‘¶m C³V‘², ""Aå~, ewîH$¶ ‘o A“‘² & Ob§ g‘má§, gËda§ ewîH$¶ ‘o A“‘²'' B{V Cƒ¡: AdX‘² Ah‘² & gm¶L²>H$mbo ‘o ‘mVm ñdem{Q>H$¶m Ed ‘‘ eara§ ‘mO©¶{V ñ‘ &

‘mVm AmJVm, ‘‘ A“§ ‘m{O©VdVr Amkm§ M XÎmdVr ""XodnyOmWª nwînm{U AmZ¶, í¶m‘'' B{V & ""‘‘ nmXVbm¡ AmÐm£ ñV: & ‘¥{ÎmH$¶m ‘{bZm¡ ^{dî¶V: & AV:

‘‘ nmXVbm¡ A{n ñdÀN>rHw$é &'' B{V ‘¶m H${WV‘² & ""nmXVbm¡ AmÐm¡ ñV: V{h© {H$§ OmV§ ao í¶m‘ ? AYwZm Ho$Z dóoU ‘mO©¶m{‘ ?'' ""Aå~, Vd em{Q>H$m#mb§ nmfmUo {dñVma¶ &'' ""í¶m‘, AVrd hR>ñd^md: A{g &'' B{V C³Ëdm ‘mÌm em{Q>H$m#mb§ {dñVm[aV‘² & Ah§§ MaUm¡ VXþn[a> ñWmn{¶Ëdm ewîH$m¡ H$ma{¶Ëdm {ZJ©VdmZ² & ‘mVw: dó‘² AmЩ‘² A^dV² &

Vpñ‘Z² g‘¶o V¶m em{Q>H$mn[adV©Z§ H$Vwª Z eŠ¶Vo B˶{n ‘¶m Z {MpÝVV‘² & naÝVw nwÌMaUm¡ ‘{bZm¡ Z ^doVm‘², nwÌoÀN>m nyUm© ^doV² EVXWª V¶m ñdem{Q>H$m AmÐm© H¥$Vm & ‘mVm nwÌmWª qH$ qH$ Z H$amo{V, qH$ qH$ Z ghVo, qH$ qH$ Z g‘n©¶{V? Ah§ J¥hñ¶ AÝV^m©J§ JVdmZ², nyOmWª nwînm{U ñWm{nVdmZ² & ‘mVm Xrn§ J¥hrËdm AmJVdVr C³VdVr M, ""í¶m‘, MaUm¡ ‘{bZm¡ Z ̂ dV: AV: ¶Wm à¶Vgo VW¡d ‘Z: ‘{bZ§ Z ̂ dVw EVXW©‘² A{n à¶Vñd & àmW©¶ Xod§ ewÕ~wX²Ü¶W©‘² &''

^mo {‘Ìm{U, {H$¶ÝV: ‘Ywam: eãXm:! nm{dͶmWª ñdÀN>Vm¶¡ d¶§ à{V{XZ§ à¶Vm‘ho & dóñdÀN>VmWª jmbZMyU©‘² ApñV, earamWª MÝXZ’o$ZH$m{Z gpÝV & eara§ dóm{U M ‘{bZm{Z Z ^dÝVw AV: gd} à¶ËZ§ Hw$d©pÝV & A{n d¶§ ‘Zg: ñdÀN>Vm¶¡ à¶Vm‘ho ?''

Aï>‘>: nmR>: & ‘Zg: ñdÀN>Vm &

5050

^mfmä¶mg:1. EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & 1) {ZÐm H$Xm CÎm‘m ^d{V? 2) ñZmZoZ qH$ ^d{V? 3) H$Xm àmW©Zm§ dXm‘:? 4) ‘mVm í¶m‘ñ¶ MaUm¡ Ho$Z ‘mO©¶{V? 5) d¶§ à{V{XZ§ {H$‘Wª à¶Vm‘ho ?

2. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m {bIV& ‘Zg: ñdÀN>Vm{df¶o ‘mVm í¶m‘§ qH$ ~mo{YVdVr?

3. A) gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & 1. bKw^ma{‘d 2. B˶{n 3. BVmo@{n 4. VW¡d 5. H$Xm{n

Am) dU©{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & 1. nmXVbm¡ 2. ñZmZñ¶

B) {deofU-{deoî¶-gå~ÝY: &

4. g‘mZmW©H$eãX¶w½‘§ {MZwV & eara‘², ‘¥{ÎmH$m, MaUm¡, {‘Ì‘², ‘Z:, ‘¥X², gwöX², {MÎm‘², nmXm¡, Xoh:

5. {déÕmW©H§ eãX§ {bIV & n{dÌ‘², ewîH$‘², ZrM¡:, ñdÀN>‘², A{YH$‘², gËda‘² &

6. CnnX{d^p³V§ ¶moO¶V & 1. -------nydª d¶§ àmW©Zm§ dXm‘: & ({ZÐm¶m:/{ZÐm¶¡) 2. EH$Xm {Z˶{‘d Io{bËdm Ah§ ------ AmJV:& (J¥ho/J¥h‘²)7. C{MV§ H$maU§ {MËdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV & 1. ‘mÌm ñdem{Q>H$m AmÐm© H¥$Vm ¶V: .....& A) gm dfm©¶m§ p³bÞm & Am) VoZ nwÌoÀN>m nyUm© ^doV² &

{deo² nmXVbm¡ Aä¶mg: ‘Z: eara‘²

{deofU‘² gVoO: ‘{bZ‘² AmÐm¡© CÎm‘:

Hw$¸w$a: - H$m¡bo¶H$: gma‘o¶: Hw$¸w$amo ‘¥JX§eH$: &H¥$nU: - H$X¶} H¥$nUjwÐqH$nMmZ{‘V§nMm: &emo^Z‘² � gwÝXa§ ê${Ma§ Mmé gwf‘§ gmYw emo^Z‘² &‘{bZ‘² � ‘br‘g§ Vw ‘{bZ§ H$ƒa§ ‘bXÿ{fV‘² &à^yV‘² - à^yV§ àMwa§ àmÁ¶‘X^«§ ~hþb§ ~hþ &nyU©‘² - g‘J«§ gH$b§ nyU©‘IÊS>§ ñ¶mXZyZHo$ &nwÌ: - AmË‘OñVZ¶: gyZw: gwV: nwÌ: {ó¶m§ Ëd‘r &amjg:-amjg: H$m¡Un: H«$ì¶mV² H«$ì¶mXmo@òn Amea:& eL²>H$a: � eå^ware: newn{V: {ed: eybr ‘hoœa: &‘oK: � A^«§ ‘oKmo dm[admhñV{S>ËdmZ² dm[aXmo@å~w^¥V²&Z^: - Z^mo@ÝV[aj§ JJZ‘ZÝV§ gwadË‘© I‘² &‘{hbm - àVrnX{e©Zr dm‘m d{ZVm ‘{hbm VWm &OJV² - {ÌîdWmo OJVr bmoH$mo {dï>n§ ^wdZ§ OJV² &df© - g§dËgamo dËgamo@ãXmo hm¶Zmo@ór eaËg‘m: &ew^‘² - œ:lo¶g§ {ed§ ^Ч H$ë¶mU§ ‘“b§ ew^‘² &

H$m¡bo¶H$:, gma‘o¶:, Hw$¸w$a:, ‘¥JX§eH$: &H$X¶©:, H¥$nU:, jwÐ:, qH$nMmZ:, {‘V§nM: & gwÝXa‘², ê${Ma‘², Mmé, gwf‘‘², gmYw, emo^Z‘² &‘br‘g‘², ‘{bZ‘², H$ƒa‘², ‘bXÿ{fV‘² &à^yV‘², àMwa‘², àmÁ¶‘², AX^«‘², ~hþb‘², ~hþ &g‘J«‘², gH$b‘², nyU©‘², AIÊS>‘², AZyZH$‘² &AmË‘O:, VZ¶:, gyZw:, gwV:, nwÌ: &amjg:, H$m¡Un:, H«$ì¶mV², H«$ì¶mX:, Aòn:, Amea:& eå^w:, B©e:, newn{V:, {ed:, eybr, ‘hoœa: &A^«‘², ‘oK:, dm[admh:, V{S>ËdmZ², dm[aX:, Aå~w^¥V²&Z^:, AÝV[aj‘², JJZ‘², AZÝV‘², gwadË‘©, I‘² &àVrnX{e©Zr, dm‘m, d{ZVm, ‘{hbm &OJVr, bmoH$:, {dï>n‘², ^wdZ‘², OJV² &g§dËga:, dËga:, AãX:, hm¶Z:, eaX², g‘: &

œ:lo¶g‘², {ed‘², ^Б², H$ë¶mU‘², ‘“b‘², ew^‘²&

&& A‘aH$mof: && {dJ«h: &

51

g§ñH¥$V^mfm AVrd g‘¥Õm ^mfm & EH$ñ¶ eãXñ¶ ^dpÝV Z¡Ho$ g‘mZmW©H$eãXm: & ¹${MV² EH$ñ¶ eãXñ¶ {d{dYm: AWm©: A{n ̂ dpÝV & AܶoV¦Um§ gwI~moYm¶ g‘mZmW©H$eãXmZm§ nÚ‘¶t aMZm§ H¥$Ëdm n{ÊS>V-A‘aqghoZ A‘aH$mof: J«{WV: & A‘aH$mofnR>ZoZ H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUoZ M eãXkmZ§ ^d{V & {d{dYeãXmZm§ dm³¶o à¶moJoU eãXà^wËd§ {gܶ{V & ¶Woï>§ J¥†ÝVw eãXaËZm{Z Añ‘mV² eãXaËZmH$amV² & A‘aH$mofàe§gm -

H$doa‘aqghñ¶ H¥${Vaofm gw{Z‘©bm &AmMÝÐVmaH§$ ñWo¶mV² Zm‘{b“mZwemgZ‘² &&

(N>mÌm: J«ÝWmb¶o {d{dYm{Z nwñVH$m{Z ní¶pÝV Aܶm{nH$m§ àíZmZ² M n¥ÀN>pÝV &)Z¶Z: - AmMm¶}, H$m Efm {^Þm {dembm

H$nm{Q>H$m ? Ahmo ! {H$¶ÝV: {d{dYm: H$mofm: EVñ¶m§ dV©ÝVo !

Aܶm{nH$m - Am‘², gd}fm§ emómUm‘² Aܶ¶ZmW©‘² EVo H$mofm: Amdí¶H$m: &

gw‘oYm - H$mof: Zm‘ {H$‘² ?Aܶm{nH$m - H$mof: Zm‘ gL²>J«h: & ¶Wm d¶§ {dÎmH$mofo YZñ¶ gL²>J«hU§ Hw$‘©: VW¡d ^mfmH$mofo eãXmZm§

gL²>J«h: ^d{V &lo¶m - H$: Vñ¶ Cn¶moJ: ?Aܶm{nH$m - gw¶mo½¶: àíZ: & gå^mfUo boIZo M ^mfmà^wËd-n«mß˶Wª VW¡d Z¡Ho$fm§ {df¶mUm§ kmZàmß˶Wª

eãXgånÎmo: gL²>J«hU‘² AVrd Amdí¶H$‘² & Añ‘mH§$ J«ÝWmb¶o g§ñH¥${VH$mofm:, M[aÌH$mofm:, {dídH$mofm: gw^m{fVH$mofm: M B˶mX¶: ~hd: H$mofm: dV©ÝVo & Vofw "A‘aH$mof:' Zm‘ H$üZ {deof: H$mof: &

ñdßZrb: - A‘aH$mof: ? "A‘aH$mof:' B{V Zm‘ {H$‘W©‘² ? qH$ {dÚVo Apñ‘Z² H$mofo ? Aܶm{nH$m- Ef: g§ñH¥$VeãXmZm§§ gL²>J«hJ«ÝW: & A‘aqgh: Zm‘ npÊS>V: EVñ¶ aM{¶Vm & AV: H$mofñ¶ Zm‘

"A‘aH$mof:' B{V & nwamVZH$mbo ¶Xm N>mÌm: Aܶ¶ZmWª JwéHw$b§ à{depÝV ñ‘ VXm Aܶ¶Zmaå^o Vo A‘aH$mof§ H$ÊR>ñW§ Hw$d©pÝV ñ‘ & AYwZm A{n VW¡d àdV©Vo &

Am¶m© - (gmü¶©‘²) qH$ H$mof: H$ÊR>ñWrH$Vwª e³¶: ? VoZ H$: bm^: ^d{V ?Aܶm{nH$m - AW {H$‘² ! nÚ‘¶: Ef: J«ÝW: Jo¶: & AV: ûcmoH$mZm§, gw^m{fVmZm§ nR>Z‘² Bd Vñ¶

H$ÊR>ñWrH$aU‘² AVrd gwb^‘² & VÌ EH$ñ¶ eãXñ¶ H¥$Vo Z¡Ho$ g‘mZmW©H$eãXm: dV©ÝVo & ¹${MV² EH$ñ¶ eãXñ¶ Z¡Ho$ {^Þm: AWm©: A{n dV©ÝVo & AV: Vñ¶ nR>ZoZ Añ‘mH§$ eãXgån{Îm: d¥qÕ JÀN>{V & Añ‘mH§$ ñ‘aUep³V: YmaUm>ep³V: M dY}Vo, CƒmaU‘{n ewÕ§ ^d{V &

Z¶Z: - d¶‘{n A‘aH$mof§ H$ÊR>ñW§ Hw$¶m©‘ & Vpñ‘Z² H${V ûcmoH$m: gpÝV ?

• eãXgL²>J«hñ¶ H¥$Vo {^Þ^mfmgw Ho$$ eãXm: à¶w³Vm: ?

• ¶wî‘mH§$ J¥ho/{dÚmb¶o Ho$ eãXH$mofm: gpÝV ?

• Ho$ eãXgL²>J«hm: ¶wî‘m{^: n{R>Vm: ?

Zd‘>: nmR>: & A‘aH$mof: &

5252

Aܶm{nH$m - CngmY©ghò§ (1500) ûcmoH$m: gpÝV & VÌ Ìr{U H$mÊS>m{Z gpÝV & AV: "{ÌH$mÊS>H$mof:' B{V EVñ¶ Ana§ Zm‘ & VWm "Zm‘{b“mZwemgZ‘²' B{V ZmåZm A{n {d»¶mV: Ef: H$mof: &

gw‘oYm - "Zm‘{b“mZwemgZ‘²' B{V eãXñ¶ H$: AW©: ?Aܶm{nH$m- VX{n Añ¶ J«ÝWñ¶ Ana§ d¡{eîQ>瑲 & AÌ Z Ho$db§ g‘mZmW©H$eãXm: A{n Vw Vofm§ {b“{ZX}e:

H¥$V: & VoZ ^mfm¶m: AmH$bZ§ à¶moJ: M gwH$a: ^d{V &ñdßZrb: - AmMm¶}, VoZ d¶§ g§ñH¥$VH$mì¶m{Z ZmQ>H$m{Z M {dZm¶mg§ n{R>Vw§ e³Zw‘: Ibw &Aܶm{nH$m - {Zü¶oZ ! V{h© BV:na§ gd£: A‘aH$mofñ¶ nR>Z‘² Adí¶§ H$V©ì¶‘od &

1. EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & A) H$mofm: {H$‘W©‘² Amdí¶H$m: ? Am) H$mof: Zm‘ {H$‘² ? B) H$: A‘aH$mofñ¶ aM{¶Vm ? B©) A‘aH$mofñ¶ H$ÊR>ñWrH$aU§ H$ñ‘mV² gwb^‘² ? C) A‘aH$mofo H${V ûcmoH$m: gpÝV ? D$) A‘aH$mofñ¶ {H$‘² AݶV² Zm‘Û¶‘² ?

2. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m {bIV & 1. "A‘aH$mof'- H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUoZ Ho$ bm^m: ^dpÝV ?

3. A) eãXñ¶ dU©{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & (1) gL²>J«h§ (2) à¶moJ: (3) dV©ÝVo (4) ¹${MV²

Am) ‘obZ§ Hw$éV &

{deo² {deofU‘²1. H$nm{Q>H$m 1. gwb^‘²

2. H$mofJ«ÝW: 2. {dembm3. H$ÊR>ñWrH$aU‘² 3. {^Þm: 4. AWm©: 4. nÚ‘¶:

4. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & H$mof:, A‘aH$mof:, {d»¶mV:, gwb^‘² &

5. ¶mo½¶{deofU§ {MËdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV & 1. J«ÝWmb¶o H$mofñ¶ H¥$Vo EH$m ({dembm/{demb‘²) H$nm{Q>H$m {dÚVo & 2. N>mÌm: J«ÝWmb¶o ({d{dY§/{d{dYm{Z) nwñVH$m{Z ní¶pÝV & 3. A‘aH$mofo ({Vò:/Ìr{U) H$mÊS>m{Z gpÝV &

^mfmä¶mg: ^mfmä¶mg:

53

^mfmgyÌ‘² - 3

(A) ì¶ÄOZmÝVZm‘m{Z Añ‘m{^: ñdamÝVZm‘m{Z n{R>Vm{Z & AYwZm ì¶ÄOZmÝVZm‘m{Z Ðï>ì¶m{Z & AÌ ApÝV‘§ ì¶ÄOZ§ {H$‘²? 1. gw‘Zg² - g² 2. Aßgag² - g² 3. {dÛg² - g² 4. {Xe² - e² 5. àmd¥f² - f² 6. d{UO² - O² 7. dmM² - M² 8. ^y^¥V² - V² 9. amOZ² - Z² 10. {Ja² - a² 11. dréY² - Y² 12. gwöX² - X²

ì¶ÄOZmÝV‘² n§w. ór. Znw§. ì¶ÄOZmÝV‘² n§w. ór. Znw§.

VH$mamÝV‘² ‘éV² g[aV² OJV² gH$mamÝV‘² MÝБg² Aßgag² n¶g²

‘éV² "V'H$mamÝV§ nw§{b“§ Zm‘ & g[aV² "V'H$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘ &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²‘éV² ‘éVm¡ ‘éV: àW‘m g[aV² g[aVm¡ g[aV:‘éV‘² ‘éVm¡ ‘éV: {ÛVr¶m g[aV‘² g[aVm¡ g[aV:‘éVm ‘éX²ä¶m‘² ‘é{Ø: V¥Vr¶m g[aVm g[aX²ä¶m‘² g[a{Ø:‘éVo ‘éX²ä¶m‘² ‘éX²ä¶: MVwWu g[aVo g[aX²ä¶m‘² g[aX²ä¶:‘éV: ‘éX²ä¶m‘² ‘éX²ä¶: n#m‘r g[aV: g[aX²ä¶m‘² g[aX²ä¶:‘éV: ‘éVmo: ‘éVm‘² fð>r g[aV: g[aVmo: g[aVm‘²‘é{V ‘éVmo: ‘éËgw gá‘r g[a{V g[aVmo: g[aËgw

ho ‘éV²/X² ho ‘éVm¡ ho ‘éV: gå~moYZ‘² ho g[aV²-X² ho g[aVm¡ ho g[aV:

‘éV² Bd Aݶo eãXm: - ^y^¥V², ‘hr^¥V², ú‘m^¥V², {XZH¥$V², {díd{OV², BÝÐ{OV² B.&

g[aV² Bd Aݶo eãXm: - V{S>V², ¶mo{fV², {dÚwV² B˶mX¶: &

gwöX² (nw§) gånX² (ór) dréY² (ór) B˶mXr{Z X/Y H$mamÝVeãXê$nm{U A{n ‘éV²/g[aV² Bd &OJV² "V'H$mamÝV§ Znw§gH${b“§ Zm‘ & MÝБg² "g'H$mamÝV§ nw§{b“§ Zm‘ &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²

OJV² OJVr OJpÝV àW‘m MÝБm: MÝБgm¡ MÝБg:OJV² OJVr OJpÝV {ÛVr¶m MÝБg‘² MÝБgm¡ MÝБg:OJVm OJX²ä¶m‘² OJ{Ø: V¥Vr¶m MÝБgm MÝБmoä¶m‘² MÝБmo{^:OJVo OJX²ä¶m‘² OJX²ä¶: MVwWu MÝБgo MÝБmoä¶m‘² MÝБmoä¶:OJV: OJX²ä¶m‘² OJX²ä¶: n#m‘r MÝБg: MÝБmoä¶m‘² MÝБmoä¶:OJV: OJVmo: OJVm‘² fð>r MÝБg: MÝБgmo: MÝБgm‘²OJ{V OJVmo: OJËgw gá‘r MÝБ{g MÝБgmo: MÝБ:gw,

MÝБñgwho OJV² ho OJVr ho OJpÝV gå~moYZ‘² ho MÝБ: ho MÝБgm¡ ho MÝБg:

OJV² Bd Aݶ: eãX: - {d¶V² MÝБg² Bd Aݶo eãXm: - Xwdm©gg², doYg², dZm¡H$g², {Xdm¡H$g², Z{MHo$Vg², dmOldg², aOg² B˶mX¶: &

5454

Aßgag² "g'H$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘ & n¶g² "g'H$mamÝV§ Znw§gH${b“§ Zm‘ &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²Aßgam: Aßgagm¡ Aßgag: àW‘m n¶: n¶gr n¶m§{gAßgag‘² Aßgagm¡ Aßgag: {ÛVr¶m n¶: n¶gr n¶m§{gAßgagm Aßgamoä¶m‘² Aßgamo{^: V¥Vr¶m n¶gm n¶moä¶m‘² n¶mo{^:Aßgago Aßgamoä¶m‘² Aßgamoä¶: MVwWu n¶go n¶moä¶m‘² n¶moä¶:Aßgag: Aßgamoä¶m‘² Aßgamoä¶: n#m‘r n¶g: n¶moä¶m‘² n¶moä¶:Aßgag: Aßgagmo: Aßgagm‘² fð>r n¶g: n¶gmo: n¶gm‘²Aßga{g Aßgagmo: Aßgañgw gá‘r n¶{g n¶gmo: n¶:gw,n¶ñgwho Aßga: ho Aßgagm¡ ho Aßgag: gå~moYZ‘² ho n¶: ho n¶gr ho n¶m§{g

Aßgag² Bd Aݶ: eãX: - Cfg² & n¶g² Bd Aݶo eãXm: - Vng², Aå^g², VoOg², AmoOg², Z^g², ¶eg², òmoVg², V‘g², ‘Zg², d¶g², dmgg², gag², Z‘g², MoVg² &

1. C{MV{b“mZwgma§ n¥W¸w$éV &nw§. ór. Znw§.

--- --- ---

(¶mo{fV², ^y^¥V², {XZH¥$V², {dÚwV², {d¶V², ú‘m^¥V², V{S>V²)3. ¶mo½¶§ ê$n§ {bIV & 1. amOm Zm‘ ----- (ú‘m^¥V²) & 2. ----- (g[aV²) Ob§ erVb‘² & 3. Am¶wd}X: ----- (OJV²) {d»¶mV: & 4. dfm©H$mbo ------ ({d¶V²) V{S>V² àH$meVo & 5.--- (‘éV²) gmhmæ¶oZ --- ({dÚwV²) {Z‘u¶Vo &4. ‘hV² B{V VH$mamÝV§ {deofU§ n{R>Ëdm Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²‘hmZ² Z¥n: ‘hmÝVm¡ Z¥nm¡ ‘hmÝV: Z¥nm: ‘hmZ² Jwé: ‘hmÝVm¡ --- ‘hmÝV: ---‘hmZ² H${d: ‘hmÝVm¡ H$dr ‘hmÝV: H$d¶: ‘hmZ² --- ‘hmÝVm¡ F$fr ‘hmÝV: ---‘hVr {ebm ‘h˶m¡ {ebo ‘h˶: {ebm: ‘hVr --- ‘h˶m¡ --- ‘h˶: Zm¶©:‘hVr ZXr ‘h˶m¡ ZÚm¡ ‘h˶: ZÚ: ‘hVr YoZw: ‘h˶m¡ --- ‘h˶: ---‘hV² ZJa‘² ‘hVr ZJao ‘hmpÝV ZJam{U ‘hV² --- ‘hVr {dído ‘hmpÝV ---‘hV² dñVw ‘hVr dñVwZr ‘hmpÝV dñVy{Z ‘hV² ga: ‘hVr --- ‘hmpÝV ---

2. Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V:-- -- OJpÝV àW‘m

Aßgagm -- -- V¥Vr¶m-- -- ‘éËgw gá‘r-- ^y^¥Vmo: -- fð>r

g[aV: -- -- n#m‘r-- VoOgr -- {ÛVr¶m-- -- Cfñgw gá‘r

{OkmgmnÌ‘²

55

(Am) gd©Zm‘m{Z &

5. C{MV{b“mZwgma§ n¥W¸w$éV &nw§. ór. Znw§.

6. ¶mo½¶§ ê$n§ {bIV &F$frUm§ ----- (VoOg²) {X춑² & ----- (Vng²) Vo gm‘϶ª àmßZwdpÝV & ----- (Z^g²) Bd

A‘¶m©{XVm Vofm§ Ñ{ï>: & Ho$MZ F$f¶: ----- (d¶g²) d¥Õm:, A{n M Ho$MZ ----- (Vng²) d¥Õm: & Vofm§ ----- (MoVg²) Hw$gw‘mV² A{n ‘¥Xÿ{Z & Vofm§ gm‘϶©ñ¶ ----- (òmoVg²) ApñV Vofm§ Vnü¶m© & Vo {d‘bm{Z ----- (dmgg²) n[aYma¶pÝV & ----- (à˶wfg²) gËda‘² CËWm¶ Vo ----- (Vng²) AmMapÝV & YݶmñVo F$f¶: &

gd© nw§{b“§ gd©Zm‘ & gd© ór{b“§ gd©Zm‘ &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²

gd©: gdm¡© gdo© àW‘m gdm© gd} gdm©:gd©‘² gdm£ gdm©Z² {ÛVr¶m gdm©‘² gd} gdm©:gd}U gdm©ä¶m‘² gd£: V¥Vr¶m gd©¶m gdm©ä¶m‘² gdm©{^:gd©ñ‘¡ gdm©ä¶m‘² gd}ä¶: MVwWu gd©ñ¶¡ gdm©ä¶m‘² gdm©ä¶:

gd©ñ‘mV² gdm©ä¶m‘² gd}ä¶: n#m‘r gd©ñ¶m: gdm©ä¶m‘² gdm©ä¶:gd©ñ¶ gd©¶mo: gd}fm‘² fð>r gd©ñ¶m: gd©¶mo: gdm©gm‘²

gd©pñ‘Z² gd©¶mo: gd}fw gá‘r gd©ñ¶m‘² gd©¶mo: gdm©gwho gd© ho gdm£ ho gd} gå~moYZ‘² ho gd} ho gd} ho gdm©:

gd© Znw§gH${b“§ gd©Zm‘ &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V:gd©‘² gd} gdm©{U àW‘mgd©‘² gd} gdm©{U {ÛVr¶mgd}U gdm©ä¶m‘² gd£: V¥Vr¶mgd©ñ‘¡ gdm©ä¶m‘² gd}ä¶: MVwWu

gd©ñ‘mV² gdm©ä¶m‘² gd}ä¶: n#m‘rgd©ñ¶ gd©¶mo: gd}fm‘² fð>r

gd©pñ‘Z² gd©¶mo: gd}fw gá‘rho gd© ho gd} ho gdm©{U gå~moYZ‘²

"AݶV²' "na' M B{V gd©Zm‘Û¶§ "gd©'eãX: Bd ^d{V &

"AݶV²' gd©Zm‘nXñ¶ Znw§gH${b“o Vw àW‘m¶m§ {ÛVr¶m¶m§ gå~moYZo M AݶV²/AݶX² Aݶo Aݶm{Z

Ed§ ê$nm{U ^dpÝV &

Xþdm©gg², Cfg², Vng², Aå^g², VoOg², AmoOg², Z^g², ¶eg², òmoVg², doYg², d¶g², dmgg², n¶g², MoVg², ‘Zg² &

5656

(B) YmVyZm§ {ÛVr¶: g‘yh: &

EVm{Z CXmhaUm{Z nR>V &

~mbH$: g§ñH¥$V§ nR>{V / AYrVo & gm¡a^: Am‘«§ ImX{V / AíZm{V & gañdVr ‘m§ ajVw/nmVw &

‘mVm Ob§ ¶ÀN>{V / XXm{V & í¶m‘: d¶ñ¶§ dX{V / ~«yVo & d¥Õ: JrV‘² AmH$U©¶{V/e¥Umo{V &

AÌ dm³¶ofw {H«$¶mnXÛ¶§ ní¶V & V¶mo: AW©: g‘mZ: {H$ÝVw JUm¡ {^Þm¡ & Vñ‘mV² {dH$aUo A{n {^Þo &

ImX{V = ImX² + A + {V (ImX² 1 n. n.)

AíZm{V = Ae² + Zm + {V (Ae² 9 n. n.)

nR>{V nR²> (1 n. n.) AYrVo A{Y + B (2 Am. n. )ajVw aj² (1 n. n.) nmVw nm (2 n. n.)

¶ÀN>{V Xm-¶ÀN²> (1 n. n.) XXm{V Xm (3 C. n.) dX{V dX² (1 n. n.) ~«yVo ~«y (2 C. n.)

AmH$U©¶{V Am + H$U©² (10 C. n.) e¥Umo{V lw-e¥ (5 n. n.)

Aï>‘rH$jm¶m‘² Añ‘m{^: 1, 4, 6, 10 B˶ofm§ JUmZm§ ê$nn[aM¶: Ñï>: & Vofm§ {dH$aUm{Z A, ¶, A, A¶ B{V EVm{Z AH$mamÝVm{Z & YmVyZm§ {ÛVr¶g‘yho 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 JUm: gpÝV & Vofw Ho$fm{#mV² {Z˶- à¶w³VmZm§ YmVwê$nmUm‘² Aܶ¶Z‘² AÌ H$aUr¶‘² ApñV &

YmVyZm§ àW‘: g‘yh: YmVyZm§ {ÛVr¶: g‘yh:

YmVw: JU: {dH$aU‘² CXmhaU‘² YmVw: JU: {dH$aU‘² CXmhaU‘²nR²> 1 A nR>{V Ag² 2 - ApñV

Z¥V² 4 ¶ Z¥Ë¶{V Xm 3 {ÛËdê$n‘² XXm{V{bI² 6 A {bI{V eH²$ 5 Zw e³Zmo{VH$W² 10 A¶ H$W¶{V ^wO² 7 Z ^wZp³V

H¥$ 8 C H$amo{Vkm 9 Zm OmZm{V

57

à˶¶m:bQ²>bH$ma: nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

{V V: ApÝV àW‘: Vo AmVo AVo{g W: W ‘ܶ‘: go AmWo Üdo{‘ d: ‘: CÎm‘: E dho ‘ho

bL²>bH$ma: nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

V² Vm‘² AZ² àW‘: V AmVm‘² AV: V‘² V ‘ܶ‘: Wm: AmWm‘² Üd‘²

A‘² d ‘ CÎm‘: B d{h ‘{h

bmoQ²>bH$ma: nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

Vw Vm‘² AÝVw àW‘: Vm‘² AmVm‘² AVm‘²{h V‘² V ‘ܶ‘: ñd AmWm‘² Üd‘²

Am{Z Amd Am‘ CÎm‘: Eo Amdh¡ Am‘h¡{d{Y{bL²>bH$ma:

nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

¶mV² ¶mVm‘² ¶w: àW‘: B©V B©¶mVm‘² B©aZ²¶m: ¶mV‘² ¶mV ‘ܶ‘: B©Wm: B©¶mWm‘² B©Üd‘² ¶m‘² ¶md ¶m‘ CÎm‘: B©¶ B©d{h B©d{h

Ag² (2 n.n.) bQ²>bH$ma: bL²>bH$ma:

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

ApñV ñV: gpÝV àW‘: AmgrV² AmñVm‘² AmgZ²A{g ñW: ñW ‘ܶ‘: Amgr: AmñV‘² AmñVApñ‘ ñd: ñ‘: CÎm‘: Amg‘² Amñd Amñ‘

bmoQ²>bH$ma: {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma:

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

AñVw ñVm‘² gÝVw àW‘: ñ¶mV² ñ¶mVm‘² ñ¶w:E{Y ñV‘² ñV ‘ܶ‘: ñ¶m: ñ¶mV‘² ñ¶mV

Agm{Z Agmd Agm‘ CÎm‘: ñ¶m‘² ñ¶md ñ¶m‘

5858

$H¥$ (8 C.n.)bQ²>bH$ma:

nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

H$amo{V Hw$éV: Hw$d©pÝV àW‘: Hw$éVo $$Hw$dm©Vo $$Hw$d©VoH$amo{f Hw$éW: Hw$éW ‘ܶ‘: Hw$éfo $$Hw$dm©Wo Hw$éÜdoH$amo{‘ Hw$d©: Hw$‘©: CÎm‘: Hw$d} Hw$d©ho Hw$‘©ho

bL²>bH$ma: nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

AH$amoV² AHw$éVm‘² AHw$d©Z² àW‘: AHw$éV AHw$dm©Vm‘² AHw$d©VAH$amo: AHw$éV‘² AHw$éV ‘ܶ‘: AHw$éWm: AHw$dm©Wm‘² AHw$éÜd‘²AH$ad‘² AHw$d© AHw$‘© CÎm‘: AHw${d© AHw$d©{h AHw$‘©{h

bmoQ²>bH$ma: nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

H$amoVw Hw$éVm‘² Hw$d©ÝVw àW‘: Hw$éVm‘² Hw$dm©Vm‘² Hw$d©Vm‘²Hw$é Hw$éV‘² Hw$éV ‘ܶ‘: Hw$éîd Hw$dm©Wm‘² Hw$éÜd‘²

H$adm{U H$admd H$adm‘ CÎm‘: H$ad¡ H$admdh¡ H$adm‘h¡

{d{Y{bL²>bH$ma: nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

Hw$¶m©V² Hw$¶m©Vm‘² Hw$¶w©: àW‘: Hw$duV Hw$du¶mVm‘² Hw$duaZ²Hw$¶m©: Hw$¶m©V‘² Hw$¶m©V ‘ܶ‘: Hw$duWm: Hw$du¶mWm‘² Hw$duÜd‘²Hw$¶m©‘² Hw$¶m©d Hw$¶m©‘ CÎm‘: Hw$du¶ Hw$dud{h Hw$du‘{h

eH²$ (5 n.n.) bQ²>bH$ma: bL²>bH$ma:

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

e³Zmo{V e³ZwV: e³ZwdpÝV àW‘: Ae³ZmoV² Ae³ZwVm‘² Ae³ZwdZ²e³Zmo{f e³ZwW: e³ZwW ‘ܶ‘: Ae³Zmo: Ae³ZwV‘² Ae³ZwVe³Zmo{‘ e³Zwd: e³Zw‘: CÎm‘: Ae³Zd‘² Ae³Zwd Ae³Zw‘

bmoQ²>bH$ma: {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma:

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

e³ZmoVw e³ZwVm‘² e³ZwdÝVw àW‘: e³Zw¶mV² e³Zw¶mVm‘² e³Zw¶w:e³Zw{h e³ZwV‘² e³ZwV ‘ܶ‘: e³Zw¶m: e³Zw¶mV‘² e³Zw¶mV

e³Zdm{Z e³Zdmd e³Zdm‘ CÎm‘: e³Zw¶m‘² e³Zw¶md e³Zw¶m‘

59

bQ²>bH$ma: lw (e¥) (5 n.n.) bL²>bH$ma:

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

e¥Umo{V e¥UwV: e¥ÊdpÝV àW‘: Ae¥UmoV² Ae¥UwVm‘² Ae¥ÊdZ²

e¥Umo{f e¥UwW: e¥UwW ‘ܶ‘: Ae¥Umo: Ae¥UwV‘² Ae¥UwV

e¥Umo{‘ e¥Uwd:/e¥Êd: e¥Uw‘:/e¥Ê‘: CÎm‘: Ae¥Ud‘² Ae¥Uwd/Ae¥Êd Ae¥Uw‘/Ae¥Ê‘

bmoQ²>bH$ma: {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma:

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

e¥UmoVw e¥UwwVm‘² e¥UwdÝVw àW‘: e¥Uw¶mV² e¥Uw¶mVm‘² e¥Uww¶w:

e¥Uw e¥UwV‘² e¥UwV ‘ܶ‘: e¥Uw¶m: e¥Uw¶mV‘² e¥Uww¶mV

e¥Udm{Z e¥Udmd e¥Udm‘ CÎm‘: e¥Uw¶m‘² e¥Uw¶md e¥Uw¶m‘

¶mo½¶ n¶m©¶§ {MËdm {bIV &1. N>mÌm: ¶e: & (àmßZmoVw, àmßZwdÝVw) 2. Ah§ ~mb: & (Apñ‘, ñ‘:)3. gm nmH§$ & (Hw$éVo, Hw$d©Vo) 4. g: JmVw§ & (e³Zmo{‘, e³Zmo{V) 5. AmMm¶©: nmR>embm‘² &(A¶mV², A¶w:) 6. Ëd§ g§ñH¥$VoZ gå^mfU§ & (Hw$é, H$amoVw)7. A{n Ah§ àdoe§ ? (H$admdh¡, H$ad¡) 8. ‘mbmH$ma: nwînm{U & ({MZmo{V, {MÝdpÝV)

Jm¶V ZÝXV !H¥$Ëdm ZdÑT>gL²>H$ën‘² &

H¥$Ëdm ZdÑT>g‘ën‘²{dVaÝVmo ZdgÝXoe‘²KQ>¶m‘mo Zdg”Q>Z‘²aM¶m‘mo Zd{‘{Vhmg‘² &&Y¥.&& Zd‘ÝdÝVa{epënZ: amï´>g‘wÞ{VH$m{¬U: ˶mJYZm: H$m¶£H$aVm: H¥${V{ZnwUm: d¶‘{dfÊUm: &&1&&^oX^mdZm§ {Zamg¶ÝV:XrZX[aÐmZ² g‘wÕaÝV:Xþ:I{dVámZ² g‘mœgÝV:H¥$Vg‘ënmZ² gXm ñ‘aÝV: &&2&& àJ{VnWmÞ {h {dMbo‘ naånam§ g§ajo‘ g‘moËgm{hZmo {ZéÛo{JZmo {Z˶{ZaÝVaJ{Verbm: &&3&&

-lr. OZmX©Z hoJS>o

agàíZm: &• doXm: H${V ? Vo Ho$ ? MËdma: doXm: - F$½doX:, ¶Owd}X:, gm‘doX: AWd©doX: M &• gáf©¶: Ho$ ? H$í¶n:, A{Ì:, ^aÛmO:, {dídm{‘Ì:, Jm¡V‘:, O‘X{¾: d{gð>: M &• nm{U{ZZm {da{MVñ¶ ì¶mH$aUJ«ÝWñ¶ Zm‘ {H$‘² ? Aï>mܶm¶r &• Zd agm: Ho$? e¥“ma:, dra:, H$éU:, AØþV:, hmñ¶:, ^¶mZH$:, ~r^Ëg:, am¡Ð:, emÝV: M &• n#m ^yVm{Z H$m{Z ? n¥{Wdr, Amn:, VoO:, dm¶w:, AmH$me: M &• n#m àmUm: Ho$ ? àmU:, AnmZ:, ì¶mZ:, CXmZ: g‘mZ: M &• ¶moJñ¶ Aï> A“m{Z H$m{Z ? ¶‘:, {Z¶‘:, AmgZ‘², àmUm¶m‘:, à˶mhma:, ܶmZ‘², YmaUm g‘m{Y: M &

{OkmgmnÌ‘²

6060

H$‘©dmÀ¶m{Z {H«$¶mnXm{Z -1) nm - nm¶Vo & (2 n.n.) km - km¶Vo & • ܶ¡ - ܶm¶Vo & • Ì¡ - Ìm¶Vo &2) nm - nr¶Vo & (1 n.n.) ‘m - ‘r¶Vo & Xm - Xr¶Vo &3) {O - Or¶Vo & {M - Mr¶Vo & Zr - Zr¶Vo & àr - àr¶Vo &

• J¡ - Jr¶Vo &4) lw - ly¶Vo & ñVw - ñVy¶Vo &5) H¥$ - {H«$¶Vo & ö - {õ¶Vo &6) V¦ - Vr¶©Vo & ñ‘¥ - ñ‘¶©Vo &7) Z‘² - Zå¶Vo & ¶‘² - ¶å¶Vo & J‘² - Jå¶Vo &8) {bI² - {b»¶Vo & Ñe² - Ñí¶Vo &

ImX² - ImÚVo & nR²> - nR>çVo & ‘wM² - ‘wÀ¶Vo &9) nyO² - nyÁ¶Vo & JU² - JʶVo & H$W² - H$϶Vo & aM² - aÀ¶Vo & VS²> - VmS>çVo & Mwa² - Mmo¶©Vo & d¥ - dm¶©Vo & Y¥ - Ym¶©Vo & Kwf² - Kmoî¶Vo &

Ñe² - ní¶² (1 n.n.) H$‘©dmÀ¶: bQ²>bH$ma: (dV©‘mZH$mb:)

E. d. {Ûd. ~. d nwéf: E. d. {Ûd. ~. d.

g:/gm/VX² Vm¡/Vo/Vo Vo/Vm:/Vm{Z àW‘: Ñí¶Vo Ñí¶oVo Ñí¶ÝVo

Ëd‘² ¶wdm‘² ¶y¶‘² ‘ܶ‘: Ñí¶go Ñí¶oWo Ñí¶Üdo Ah‘² Amdm‘² d¶‘² CÎm‘: Ñí¶o X¥í¶mdho Ñí¶m‘ho

H$‘©dmÀ¶{H«$¶mnXgyÌ‘² = ‘ybYmVw: + ¶ + AmË‘ZonXr¶H$mbmW©à˶¶: &

jmb² - jmë¶Vo & ‘Ý̲ - ‘ÝͶVo &10) X§e² - Xí¶Vo & J«ÝW² - J«Ï¶Vo &11) dX² - CÚVo & dh² - CøVo & dn² - C߶Vo & dM² - CÀ¶Vo & ˆo - hÿ¶Vo &12) àÀN>² - n¥ÀN>çVo & J«h² - J¥øVo & ~«y - CÀ¶Vo &

[a³VñWmZ§ nya¶V & à¶moJn[aM¶§ M {bIV &1. Z¥Ë¶§ {H«$¶Vo & (Aßgag²) 2. gwdUm© JU¶{V & (nwîn) 3. ^³Vm: B©ída§ & (nyO¶{V/nyO¶pÝV) 4. {MÌnQ>: Ñí¶Vo & (Añ‘X²) 5. ~mbH$m: ’$bm{Z & (b^o/b^ÝVo) 6. dÝXo ‘mVa‘² & (Añ‘X²)

H$‘©dmÀ¶-ê$nm{U AݶbH$maofw A{n ^dpÝV &

$(B©) H$V¥©dmÀ¶§ H$‘©dmÀ¶§ M &

{H«$¶mnXÛ¶‘²

H$V¥©dmÀ¶‘² (H$V©[a) H$‘©dmÀ¶‘² (H$‘©{U)

H$Vm© àYmZ: H$‘© àYmZ‘² àYmZËdmV² H$V¥©nXñ¶ àW‘m àYmZËdmV² H$‘©nXñ¶ àW‘m ¶Wm - ~mbH$: J«ÝW§ nR>{V & ~mbHo$Z J«ÝW: nR>çVo & H$: nR>{V ? ~mbH$: & H$: nR>çVo ? J«ÝW: &

à¶moJ: H$Vm© H$‘© {H«$¶mnX‘² H$V¥©dmÀ¶: àW‘m {d^p³V: {ÛVr¶m {d^p³V: H$V¥©nXñ¶ nwéfdMZmZwgma‘² H$‘©dmÀ¶: V¥Vr¶m {d^{³V: àW‘m {d^{³V: H$‘©nXñ¶ nwéfdMZmZwgma‘²

61

g_mg- àH$ma:

g‘ñVnX‘² CÎmanXmZm_² Amd{b:

CXmhaUm{Z g‘mg{dJ«h:

{ÛVr`m VËnwwéf:

d¥jm{lV: &

d¥j‘² Am{lV: (‘H©$Q>:) &

{lV, Am{lV, JV, AmnÞ, AVrV, àmá

embmJ_Z‘², H«$_àmá:, ^yJV:, ^y{_JV:, H¥$îUm{lV:, JwUmVrV:, gwImnÞ: &

embm§ J‘Z‘², H«$‘§ àmá:, ^wd§ JV:, ^yq‘ JV:, H¥$îU‘² Am{lV:, JwUmZ² AVrV:, gwI‘² AmnÞ: &

V¥Vr`m VËnwéf:

Ho$e{dhrZ:

Ho$e¡: {dhrZ:/a{hV: &

gånÞ, a{hV, hrZ, {dH$b, d{O©V, `w³V, gÑe, AmT>ç

YZgånÞ:, ~w{ÕhrZ:, MaU{dH$b:, eH©$am{‘{lV:, {MÝVmg_m, ~XagÑe:, dU©{_{lV:, YZmT>ç: &

YZoZ gånÞ:, ~wX²Ü¶m hrZ:, MaUoZ {dH$b:, eH©$a¶m {‘{lV:, {MÝV¶m g‘m, ~XaoU gÑe:, dU£: {‘{lV:, YZoZ AmT>ç: &

MVwWu VËnwéf:

XmZno{Q>H$m

XmZm¶ no{Q>H$m &

AW©_² XoemW©_², H$Ý`mW©_², {dhmamW©_², ajUmW©_², {eënmb`:, VnmodZ_², J«ÝWmb`:, H$m`©e{³V: Hw$ÊS>b{haʶ‘², KQ>‘¥{ÎmH$m &

Xoem¶ B{V, H$ݶm¶¡ B{V, {dhmam¶ B{V, ajUm¶ B{V, {eënoä¶: Amb¶:, Vngo dZ‘², J«ÝWoä¶: Amb¶:, H$m¶m©¶ e{º$:, Hw$ÊS>bmä¶m‘² {haʶ‘², KQ>m¶ ‘¥{ÎmH$m &

(C) VËnwéf:1. {d^p³VËnwéf: &

1) IJm: dZ§ JVm: & 2) V¥U¡: a{MVm{Z Vofm§ ZrS>m{Z & 3) d¥jofw IJmZm§ {Zdmgm¶ ZrS>m{Z gpÝV & 4) nO©Ý`mV² a{jVm: IJm: AmZÝXpÝV & 5) IJmZm§ OrdZ§ l_¡: n[anyU©_² & 6) ñdH$m`} {ZaVm: IJm: Ü`o`erbm: &

1. dZ§ JVm: = dZJVm: & ({ÛVr`m {d^{³V:) 2. V¥U¡: a{MVm{Z = V¥Ua{MVm{Z & (V¥Vr`m {d^{³V:)

3. {Zdmgm` ZrS>m{Z = {ZdmgZrS>m{Z & (MVwWu {d^{³V:) 4. nO©Ý`mV² a{jVm: = nO©Ý`a{jVm: & (n#m_r {d^{³V:) 5. IJmZm§ OrdZ_² = IJOrdZ‘² & (fð>r {d^{³V:)6. ñdH$m`} {ZaVm: = ñdH$m`©{ZaVm: & (gá_r {d^{³V:)

AÌ àW_nX§ {ÛVr`nXoZ H$`m{MV² {d^ŠË`m g§`wÁ`Vo & AV: Ef: g‘mg: "{d^p³VVËnwéf:' B{V CÀ`Vo &

6262

{OkmgmnÌ‘²

n#m_r VËnwéf:

hñVn{VV‘² &

hñVmV² n{VV‘² & (H$adó‘² )&

_w³V, ^rV, ÌmV, n{VV, a{jV

àXÿfU_w³V:, XmZdÌmV:, Agwa^rVm, d¥jn{VV_², gn©a{jV: &

àXÿfUmV² ‘w³V:, XmZdmV² ÌmV:, AgwamV² ^rVm, d¥jmV² n{VV‘², gnm©V² a{jV: &

fð>r VËnwéf:

d¥jemIm &

d¥jñ¶ emIm &

{à`, H¥$Vo N>mÌ{à`: _ËH¥$Vo, g_wÐe{³V:, am_m`U_², {dÚwËàdmh:, gy`m}X`:, XeaWnwÌ:, {nÌmkm &

N>mÌmUm§ {à¶:, ‘‘ H¥$Vo, g‘wÐñ¶ ep³V:, am‘ñ¶ A¶Z‘², {dÚwV: àdmh:, gy¶©ñ¶ CX¶:, XeaWñ¶ nwÌ:, {nVw: Amkm &

gá_r VËnwéf:

Z¥Ë¶{ZnwUm &

Z¥Ë¶o {ZnwUm &

Hw$eb, aV, àdrU, _¾, ì`J«, »`mV, {d{XV, em¡ÊS>

H$bmHw$eb:, H«$sS>mnQw>:, H$m¶©aV:, àOmdËgb:, J{UVVÁk:, ^wdZ{d{XV:, OJËà{gÕ: &

H$bm¶m§ Hw$eb:, H«$sS>m¶m§ nQw>:, H$m¶} aV:, àOmgw dËgb:, J{UVo VÁk:, ^wdZo {d{XV:, OJ{V à{gÕ: &

1. g‘ñVnX§ {bIV & 1. H$ënZm‘² AVrV: & 2. J«m‘§ JV: & 3. hñVoZ {b{IV‘²& 4. gå^mfUo MVwa: & 5. Obñ¶ {~ÝXw:& 6. kmZñ` bmbgm & 7. H$mH$m¶ ~{b: & 8. MmoamV² ^¶‘² & 9. ^mfm¶m: Aä¶mg:&

2. AYmoXÎmmZ² eãXmZ² nR>V & EVo eãXm: g‘mgo H$m§ {d^p³V_² AnojÝVo B{V {bIV &1. AmT>ç, 2. JV, 3. ÌmV, 4. em¡ÊS>, 5. AW©_², 6. _w³V, 7. gÑe, 8. {dH$b, 9. {à`, 10. {d{XV

3. [a³VñWmZm{Z nya¶V &

g‘ñVnX‘² g‘mg{dJ«h: g‘mgàH$ma: VnmodZ‘² ----- MVwWu VËnwéf:----- {MÝVm¶m: ‘w³V: n#m‘r VËnwéf:ZoÌhrZ: ZoÌmä¶m§ hrZ: ----- Z¥nH$ݶm Z¥nñ¶ H$ݶm -----

63

‘mVm à^mVo H$m¶m©b¶§ JÀN>{V & J‘ZmV² nydª gm ‘ÝXmam¶ H$aUr¶m{Z H$m¶m©{U H$W¶{V & H$m¶m©Um‘² Amdm{b: Vw àXrKm© AmgrV² & AYwZm gm¶L²>H$mb g‘¶: & ‘mVw: à˶mJ‘Zg‘¶: & ‘ÝXma: {H$pÄMV² ^rV: ¶V: gdm©{U H$m¶m©{U Z g‘mám{Z & (‘mVm à{de{V)‘mVm - ""ao ‘ÝXma, H$m¶m©Um‘² Amdqb Xe©¶ gËda‘² &''

Amd{b: H¥$V‘²/Z H¥$V‘²e¶ZJ¥hñ¶ ñdÀN>Vm P e¶ZJ¥h§ ñdÀN>rH¥$V‘²&

J¥ho ObnyaU‘² P Ob§ ny[aV‘²&

AdH$ajonU‘² P AdH$a: {já:&

àmVame^jU‘² P àmVame: ^{jV:&

J¥h‘mO©Z‘² O J¥h§ Z ‘m{O©V‘²&d¥jofw Ob{g#mZ‘² O d¥jofw Ob§ Z {g³V‘²&Xþ½Ymb¶mV² Xþ½YH«$¶U‘² P Xþ½Ymb¶mV² Xþ½Y§ H«$sV‘²&

dm¶wMw„o: ñdÀN>Vm O dm¶wMw{„: Z ñdÀN>rH¥$Vm &{dÎmH$mofmV² YZ-AmhaU‘² O {dÎmH$mofmV² YZ§ Z AmöV‘² &ñdmܶm¶: P ñdmܶm¶: H¥$V: &

[a³VñWmZ§ nya¶V & 1. ‘mYdoZ nÌ‘² & (AmZrV:/AmZrV‘²) 2. ‘H©$Q>oZ Q>mo{nH$m: & (J¥hrV‘²/J¥hrVm:)3. d¥Õ¶m Xodm: & (àm{W©Vm:/àm{W©V:) 4. ¶wî‘m{^: ZmQ>H§$ & (Ñï>:/Ñï>‘²)5. CÎm‘¡: H$m¶©‘² & (AmaãYm/AmaãY‘² 6. YoZw{^: V¥Um{Z & (^w³V‘²/^w³Vm{Z)7. JwéUm X{jUm & (¶m{MVm¡/¶m{MVm)

‘ÝXmaoU H$m¶ª H¥$V‘² & ‘mÌm H$m¶ª XÎm‘² & ~mboZ Ob§ nrV‘² &Añ‘m{^: nwñVH$m{Z n{R>Vm{Z & ‘{hb¶m AdH$a: {já: & Vm{^: dóm{U àjm{bVm{Z &N>mÌm{^: nwpñVH$m: {b{IVm: &

} }g²ê$n: {dgJ©:

AdJ«hg{hV: AmoH$maê$n: {dgJ©:

AdJ«hg{hV: AmoH$maê$n: {dgJ©: &

nR>V AdJÀN>V ! {díd§ {dgJ©ñ¶ &

• {edmo@h§ {edmo@h§ {edñdê$nmo@h‘² &H$mo@h§ H$mo@h§ H$mo@h§ gmo@h§ gmo@h§ gmo@h‘² &{ed: Ah‘² {edñdê$n: Ah‘² & H$: Ah‘² g: Ah‘²

• EaÊS>mo@{n VéñVmdV² ‘eH$mo@{n {dh§J‘: &IÚmoVmo@{n {H$b Á¶mo{V: d¶§ Z H$d¶: H$W‘² && EaÊS>: A{n &‘eH$: A{n &IÚmoV: A{n &

H$d¶: H$W‘² & } A{dH$mar {dgJ©:

Vé: + VmdV² & }

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & $$ Ho$Z H¥$V‘² ? MVwW©: KQ>H$: &

gå^mfmnÌ‘²

EVV² gdª Ho$Z H¥$V‘² /Ho$Z Z H¥$V‘² ? ‘ÝXmaoU &

6464

gmjam {dnarVmüoX² amjgm Ed Ho$db‘² &gagmo {dnarVmo@{n gagËd§ Z ‘w#m{V &&1&&

d¥jmJ«dmgr Z M n{jamO: {ÌZoÌYmar Z M eybnm{U: &Ëd½dóYmar Z M {gÕ¶moJr

Ob§ M {~^«Þ KQ>mo Z ‘oK: &&2&&

VmVoZ H${WV§ nwÌ ņ {bI ‘‘mk¶m &Z VoZ {bpIV§ ņ {nVwamkm Z b{”Vm &&3&&

Z Vñ¶m{XZ© Vñ¶mÝV: ¶mo ‘ܶo Vñ¶ {Vð>{V &Vdm߶pñV ‘‘m߶pñV ¶mo OmZm{V g npÊS>V: &&4&&

J“m¶mü#mbVao dm[a{U à{V{~på~V‘² &emo^Vo VmaH$m¶w³V§$ eVMÝЧ Z^ñVb‘² &&5&&

g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m§ gw^m{fVmZm§ ‘hm^mÊS>ma§ {dÚVo & H$m{ZMZ gw^m{fVm{Z M‘ËH¥${VnyUm©{Z & Vofm‘² AWm©d~moY: Z gab: & àho{bH$m:, Hy$Q>àíZm: g‘ñ¶mny{V©: M EVo àH$mam: Añ‘mH§$ H¥$Vo ‘pñVîH$ImÚ‘² Ed & gw^m{fVmZm§ aMZm hmñ¶agnyUm© öÚm M & AV: Ed EVo H$mì¶àH$mam: dmMH$mZm§ ‘Z: {dZmoX¶pÝV &

• àho{bH$m Zm‘ {H$‘² ? • Aݶ^mfmgw H$m:

àho{bH$m: ¶y¶§ OmZrW?

ñnï>rH$aU‘²ûcmoH$: 1 - gmjam: B{V nX§ {dnarVH«$‘oU n{R>V§ MoV² "amjgm:' B{V ^d{V & na§ "gag:' B{V nX‘² ¶WmZwH«$‘§ dm {dnarVH«$‘oU n{R>V§ MoV² "gag:' B˶od ^d{V & AÌ H${dH$ënZm Ed§ H${dH$m¡eb§ {d^m{V &

ûcmoH$: 2 - g: d¥jñ¶ AJ«o dg{V {H$ÝVw n{jamO: JéS>: Z & Vñ¶ Ìr{U ZoÌm{U gpÝV {H$ÝVw g: eybnm{U: eL²>H$a: Z&g: dëH$bgÑe§ dó§ Yma¶{V {H$ÝVw g: {gÕ¶moJr Z& g: Ob§ Yma¶{V {H$ÝVw g: Z KQ>: Z M ‘oK: & Añ¶ CÎma§ dV©Vo Zm[aHo$b’$b‘² &

ûcmoH$: 3 - VmVoZ H${WV§, ""ho nwÌ, ‘‘ Amk¶m ņ {bI&'' VoZ nwÌoU ņ Z {b{IV‘² & VWm{n {nVw: Amkm Z b{”Vm& AW©g“{V: Z Ñí¶Vo& ¶{X "Z VoZ'B{V EH$nX§ {H«$¶Vo MoV² " ZVoZ' B{V nXoZ AW©~moY: ^d{V & ZVoZ Zm‘ Z‘«ñd^mdoZ nwÌoU ņ {b{IV‘² & A{n M {nVw: Amkm Z b{”Vm&

ûcmoH$: 4 - Hy$Q>àíZ: A¶‘² & Añ¶ CÎma‘² - Vñ¶ Am{X: Z, Vñ¶ AÝV: Z, Vñ¶ ‘ܶo ¶: {Vð>{V ( VV² ) Vd A{n ApñV, ‘‘ A{n ApñV&

ûcmoH$: 5 - eVMÝЧ Z^ñVb‘² & B{V H$mMZ g‘ñ¶m dV©Vo & AmH$meo MÝÐmUm§ eV§ H$W§ e³¶Vo? B˶ofm g‘ñ¶m & g‘ñ¶mny{V©: - J“mZÚm: Ob§ H$„mob¶wº§$ {dÚVo & ¶Xm JJZo VmaH$m: MÝБm: M {dbgpÝV VXm MÝБg: eV§ à{V{~å~m{Z J“mZÚm: Obo Ñí¶ÝVo & VXm H${d: H$ënZm§ H$amo{V, "Z^: eVMÝБ²' Bd Ñí¶Vo &

Xe‘>: nmR>: & H$mì¶emó{dZmoX: & (H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘²)

65

ûcmoH$: 11. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &

A) {dn¶©¶: H$pñ‘Z² eãXo X¥í¶Vo ?Am) {dn¶©¶: H$pñ‘Z² eãXo Z X¥í¶Vo ?B) ‘mZdm: H$sÑem: ^do¶w: ?B©) ‘mZdm: H$sÑem: Z ^do¶w:?

2. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & amjg:, gag: &3. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & A) {dnarVmo@{n = Am) {dnarVmüoV² =

ûcmoH$: 2. 1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &A) d¥jmJ«dmgr H$: ? Am) H$: n{jamO: ?B) H$: {ÌZoÌYmar ? B©) H$: eybnm{U: ?C) H$: Ob§ {~^{V© ? D$) H$: Ëd½dó§ Yma¶{V ?

2. eãXg‘yhñ¶ H¥$Vo EH§$ g§joneãX§ {bIV &A) ¶: d¥jñ¶ AJ«^mJo {Zdg{V -Am) n{jUm§ amOm -B) ¶ñ¶ Ìr{U ZoÌm{U -B©) eyb§ nmUm¡ ¶ñ¶ g: -C) ¶: Ëd½dó§ Yma¶{V -

3. ¶mo½¶§ n¶m©¶§ {MZwV -A) n{jamO: d¥jmJ«o (dg{V/Z dg{V) &Am) KQ>: Ìr{U ZoÌm{U (Yma¶{V/Z Yma¶{V) &B) eybnm{U: Ob§ ({~^{V© / Z {~^{V©) &B©) Zm[aHo$b§ Ëd½dó§ (Yma¶{V/Z Yma¶{V) &4. g‘mZmW©H$eãX¶w½‘§ {MZwV {bIV M &n{jamO:, eybnm{U:, Ob‘², ‘oK:, eL²>H$a:, d¥j:, {gÕ¶moJr, JéS>:, Vé:, Vmo¶‘², ObX:, Vnñdr &

ûcmoH$: 3. 1. H$: H§$ dX{V? "ņ {bI &'2. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &A) Ho$Z Amkm XÎmm? Am) Ho$Z Amkm Z b{”Vm &B) ņ Ho$Z {b{IV‘² ?

3. {deofU-{deoî¶-ñVå^§ nya¶V &

{deofU‘² {deo² nwÌ:

{b{IV‘²

4. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & ‘‘mk¶m, {nVwamkm5. ûcmoH$mV² "³V' à˶¶mÝVê$nm{U (H$‘©.^y.Ym.{d.)

{MZwV {bIV M &

ûcmoH$: 4. 1. H«$‘mZwgma§ aM¶V &A) {Ì-Aja¶w³Vo eãXo "¶' ‘ܶo {Vð>{V &Am) eãXñ¶ Amaå^o "Z' {dÚVo &B) eãXñ¶ AÝVo A{n "Z' {dÚVo &

2. àmᑲ CÎma‘² -

3. gpÝY¨ Hw$éV &A) Vñ¶ + Am{X: (A + Am) Am) Vñ¶ + AÝV: (A + A) B) Vd + A{n (A + A) B©) A{n + ApñV (B + A)

4. ûcmoH$mV² fîR>çÝVnXm{Z {MZwV {bIV M &

ûcmoH$: 5. 1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &A) H$ñ¶m: ZÚm: dU©Z§ gw^m{fVo dV©Vo?Am) eVMÝЧ Z^ñVb§ Hw$Ì emo^Vo ?2. {deofU¡: OmbaoIm{M̧ nya¶V &

3. {deofU§ {bIV & 1) dm[a{U & 2) Z^ñVb‘² &4. JL²>Jm B{V eãXñ¶ A‘anL²>p³V§ {bIV &

Z^ñVb‘²

^mfmä¶mg:

6666

H$pñ‘§{üV² ZJao H${üV² ñd^mdH¥$nUmo Zm‘ H$mo@{n {^jwH$: à{Vdg{V ñ‘ & VoZ {^j¶m àmáoZ g³Vw{nï>oZ H$be: gåny[aV: & V§ M KQ>§ ZmJXÝVo a‚dm ~X²Üdm Vñ¶mYñVmV² H$Q>§ àgm¶© gVV§ V{Ûf¶o {MÝV¶Z² g: gwá: & g: A{MÝV¶V² - ""¶Ën[anyUm}@¶§ KQ>ñVmdV² g³Vw{nï>oZ dV©Vo & ¶{X Xþ{^©j§ ^d{V V{h© Añ¶ {dH«$¶UoZ ê$߶H$mUm§ eV§ àmßñ¶m{‘ & VVñVoZ Ah‘² AOmÛ¶§ H«o$î¶m{‘ & VV: fmÊ‘m{gH$-àgddemV² Vmä¶m§ ¶yW: ^{dî¶{V & VVmo@Om{^: à^yVm: YoZy: J«hrî¶m{‘, YoZw{^: ‘{hfr:, ‘{hfr{^: dS>dm:, dS>dmàgdV: à^yVm: Aûdm: ^{dî¶pÝV & Vofm§ {dH«$¶UmËà^yV§ gwdUª àmßñ¶m{‘ & gwdU}Z MVw:emb§ J¥h§ gånËñ¶Vo & VV: H${üV² Y{ZH$: àmád¶ñH$m§ ê$nmT>çm§ H$ݶm§ ‘ø§ Xmñ¶{V & Amd¶mo: nwÌ: ^{dî¶{V & Vñ¶mh§ gmo‘e‘}{V Zm‘ H$[aî¶m{‘ & VV: g: OmZwMbZ¶mo½¶: ^{dî¶{V & EH$Xm gmo‘e‘m© ‘m§ Ñï>‰>m ‘Ëg‘rn‘² AmJ{‘î¶{V & VVmo@h§ H$monm{dï>: A{^Ymñ¶m{‘ ̂ m¶m©‘², ""J¥hmU ~mbH$‘²'' B{V & gm@{n ‘‘ dMZ§ Z lmoî¶{V & VmdËH$mbo H$üZ Hw$¸w$a: VÌ AmJ{‘î¶{V & gmo‘e‘m© Vñ‘mV² ^rV: ^{dî¶{V & VVmo@h§ g‘wËWm¶ bJwS>oZ V§ Hw$¸w$a§ VmS>{¶î¶m{‘ &'' Ed§ ñdßZ‘¾: ܶmZpñWV: g: VW¡d bJwS>àhma‘² AH$amoV² & VoZ bJwS>àhmaoU g³Vw{nï>oZ nyU©: g: KQ>: ^¾: A^dV² & ñd^mdH¥$nU: g: nmÊSw>aVm‘² AJÀN>V² & AV: ~«dr{‘ -

AZmJVdVt {MÝVm‘gå^mì¶m§ H$amo{V ¶: &g Ed nmÊSw>a: eoVo gmo‘e‘©{nVm ¶Wm &&

nwam A‘ae{³V: Zm‘ amOm AmgrV² & Vñ¶ nwÌm: {ddoH$a{hVm: emó{d‘wImü & ‘ZmoaÄOH$-H$Wm‘mܶ‘oZ {dîUwe‘m© Zm‘ npÊS>V: VmZ² Zr{Vemónma“VmZ² AH$amoV² & VXWª a{MVmZm§ H$WmZm§ gL²>J«h: Ed "n#mVÝÌ‘²' ZmåZm {d»¶mV: & (1) {‘Ì^oX: (2) {‘Ìgåàm{á: (3) H$mH$mobwH$s¶‘² (4) bãYàUme: (5) Anar{jVH$maH$‘² B{V Vm{Z n#m VÝÌm{U & Anar{jVH$maH$mV² ñdrH¥$Vm àñVwVH$Wm &

AYrVo ¶ BX§ {Z˶§ Zr{Vemó§ e¥Umo{V M &Z nam^d‘mßZmo{V eH«$mX{n H$XmMZ &&

• {XdmñdßZ: Zm‘ {H$‘²?• "¶Wm {MpÝVV§ VW¡d

A^dV²' B{V H$Xm{MV²

AZw^yV§ dm ?

EH$mXe>: nmR>: & ‘ZmoamÁ¶ñ¶ ’$b‘² &

67

1. EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & 1. {^jwH$ñ¶ Zm‘ {H$‘² ? 2. ñd^mdH¥$nUoZ KQ>: Hw$Ì ~Õ:? 3. gmo‘e‘m© H$ñ‘mV² ^rV: ^{dî¶{V? 4. g³Vw{nï>oZ nyU©: KQ>: H$ñ‘mV² H$maUmV² ^¾: ? 5. gmo‘e‘©{nVw: Zm‘ {H$‘²? 6. ñd^mdH¥$nUoZ H$Q>: Hw$Ì àgm[aV: ?2. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV & 1. ñd^mdH¥$nU: {H$‘Wª nmÊSw>aVm‘² AJÀN>V²? 2. "A{n {XdmñdßZXe©Z§ ¶mo½¶‘² ?' B{V H$Wm¶m: AmYmaoU {bIV &3. (A) gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & 1) Vñ¶mYñVmV² (2) H$Xm{MÐmÌm¡ (3) gmo‘e‘}{V (4) VVmo@h‘² &

(Am) dU©{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & (1) Xþ{^©j‘² (2) ê$nmT>çm‘² (3) ܶmZpñWV: (4) ñd^mdH¥$nU:

4. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & H¥$nU:, Xþ{^©j‘², Aœ:, YoZw:, gwdU©‘², Hw$¸w$a: &

^mfmä¶mg:

ì¶ÄOZmZm§ {dñVma: & nR>V AdJÀN>V !

1) ^¶mV² + ‘w³V: - ^¶mÝ‘w³V: & ‘¥V² + ‘¶ya: - ‘¥Ý‘¶ya: &

fQ²> + ‘mg: = fÊ‘mg: & dmH²$ + ‘¶‘² - dmL²>‘¶‘² &

2) Vñ‘mV² + M = Vñ‘mƒ & {dÛV² + OZ: ={dÛ‚mZ: &

(Mw = M dJ©:) (Vw = V dJ©:) AdH$mamV² + M = AdH$amƒ & EVV² + O¶: = EV‚m¶: &

3) ‘V² + ea: = ‘ÀN>a: & lr‘V² + e‘ a: = lr‘ÀN>‘a: &

VV² + lmoVw‘² = VÀN´>moVw‘² & JÀN>oV² + {ed: = JÀN>opÀN>d: &

Vw + Mw = Mw

V² + e² =

M² N²>

dJr©¶ì¶ÄOZ‘² + AZwZm{gH$‘² = dJu¶-AZwZm{gH$‘²

4) Vpñ‘Z² + Ed = Vpñ‘Þod & BZ² + AÝV = BÞÝV &

Vpñ‘Z² + CËgdo = Vpñ‘ÞwËgdo & Hw$d©Z² + AmgrV² = Hw$d©ÞmgrV² &

5) gV² + AmMma: = gXmMma: & eamV² + A{n = eamX{n &

fQ²> + {dH$mam: = fS²>{dH$mam: & Vñ‘mV² + Ed = Vñ‘mXod &

6) VX² + H¥$Vo = VËH¥$Vo & jwY² + nrS>m = jwËnrS>m

fS²> + H$ma: = fQ²>H$ma: & ‘¥X² + gm{YV‘² = ‘¥Ëgm{YV‘² &

õñd: ñda: Z² H$mo@{n ñda: = Þ (nyd©‘²) (níMmV²)

dJu¶ì¶ÄOZ‘² + ñda:/‘¥Xþì¶ÄOZ‘²=V¥Vr¶ì¶ÄOZ‘²

dJu¶ì¶ÄOZ‘² + H$R>moaì¶ÄOZ‘² = àW‘ì¶ÄOZ‘²

6868

Ydb: MÝÐ: AmH$meo dV©Vo & Ah§ à{V{XZ§ Ydb§ MÝЧ ní¶m{‘, Vwî¶m{‘ M & YdboZ MÝÐoU Z^: {d^m{V & MH$moam: Ydbm¶ MÝÐm¶ ñn¥h¶pÝV & YdbmV² MÝÐmV² {H$aUm: òdpÝV & ny{U©‘m¶m§ Ydbñ¶ MÝÐñ¶ gm¡ÝX¶©‘² Anydª Ibw & ho Ydb MÝÐ, erVbVm§ à¶ÀN> gd}ä¶: &

¶{„“§ ¶X²dMZ§ ¶m M {d^p³V{d©eoî¶ñ¶ &V{„“§ VX²dMZ§ g¡d {d^p³V{d©eofUñ¶m{n &&

g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m§ ¶Wm {deoî¶ñ¶ {b“§, dMZ§ {d^³V¶: M n[adV©ÝVo VW¡d {deofUo A{n n[adV©Z§ ^d{V &

nw§{b“‘² ór{b“‘² Znw§gH${b“‘² {d^p³V:{ZnwU: ~mbH$: {ZnwUm ~m{bH$m {Z{~S>‘² Aaʶ‘² àW‘m{ZnwU§ ~mbH$‘² {ZnwUm§ ~m{bH$m‘² {Z{~S>‘² Aaʶ‘² {ÛVr¶m{ZnwUoZ ~mbHo$Z {ZnwU¶m ~m{bH$¶m {Z{~S>oZ AaʶoZ V¥Vr¶m{ZnwUm¶ ~mbH$m¶ {ZnwUm¶¡ ~m{bH$m¶¡ {Z{~S>m¶ Aaʶm¶ MVwWu{ZnwUmV² ~mbH$mV² {ZnwUm¶m: ~m{bH$m¶m: {Z{~S>mV² AaʶmV² n#m‘r{ZnwUñ¶ ~mbH$ñ¶ {ZnwUm¶m: ~m{bH$m¶m: {Z{~S>ñ¶ Aaʶñ¶ fð>r

{ZnwUo ~mbHo$ {ZnwUm¶m§ ~m{bH$m¶m‘² {Z{~S>o Aaʶo gá‘rho {ZnwU ~mbH$ ho {ZnwUo ~m{bHo$ ho {Z{~S> Aaʶ gå~moYZ‘²Ed‘od {ÛdMZñ¶ VWm ~hþdMZñ¶ ê$nm{U ^dpÝV &

Hw$eb: d¡‘m{ZH$: &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^p³V:Hw$eb: d¡‘m{ZH$: Hw$ebm¡ d¡‘m{ZH$m: àW‘m

d¡‘m{ZH$‘² d¡‘m{ZH$m¡ Hw$ebmZ² {ÛVr¶mHw$eboZ Hw$ebmä¶m§ d¡‘m{ZH¡$: V¥Vr¶m

d¡‘m{ZH$m¶ d¡‘m{ZH$mä¶m§ Hw$eboä¶: MVwWuHw$ebmV² Hw$ebmä¶m§ d¡‘m{ZHo$ä¶: n#m‘r

d¡‘m{ZH$ñ¶ d¡‘m{ZH$¶mo: Hw$ebmZm§ fð>rHw$ebo d¡‘m{ZH$¶mo: d¡‘m{ZHo$fw gá‘rHw$eb d¡‘m{ZH$m¡ Hw$ebm: gå~moYZ‘²

Ed‘od "MVwa: ~mbH$:', "CÎm‘: H${d:', "{Z{~S>§ dZ‘²', "XrKm© ZXr', "‘oYm{dZr ~m{bH$m', "nwamVZr H$Wm', "{à¶: gwöX²', "ñZohmbw: {nVm', "aå¶m Cfm:' B˶ofm§ {deofU-{deoî¶-¶w½‘mZm§ ê$nm{U dXÝVw &

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & {deofU-{dñVma: &

69

{OkmgmnÌ‘²

{deofU-{deomo: ¶w½‘§ nya¶V &

nw§{b“‘² ór{b“‘² Znw§gH${b“‘² {d^p³V:n{dÌ: Obme¶: (n{dÌ) ZXr (n{dÌ) J“mOb‘² àW‘m(ZyVZ) ‘ÊS>n‘² ZyVZm§ ^mfm‘² (ZyVZ) ‘pÝXa‘² {ÛVr¶mg‘¥ÕoZ (H$mof) (g‘¥Õ) naåna¶m g‘¥ÕoZ (ZJa) V¥Vr¶m

(H$mo‘b) ñd^mdm¶ H$mo‘bm¶¡ (bVm) (H$mo‘b) nwînm¶ MVwWunamYrZmV² (Cnm¶) (namYrZm) ~wX²Ü¶m: (namYrZ) OrdZmV² n#m‘r(CÎm‘) nwéfñ¶ CÎm‘m¶m: (n{ÌH$m) CÎm‘ñ¶ (d¥ÎmnÌ) fð>r(ñWyb>) nwÌo ñWybm¶m‘² (H$ݶm) (ñWyb>) nmÌo gá‘rho (loð>) F$fo ho loðo> (VnpñdZr) ho (loð>) Am¡fY‘² gå~moYZ‘²

dm³¶m{Z nya¶V & 1. ({demb) d¥jñ¶ AY: n¹$m{Z (’$b‘²) AnVZ² & 2. (d¥Õ) {nVm‘ø¡ (gagm) H$Wm: amoMÝVo &3. {ZnwU¶m (Jm{¶H$m) gh Ah§ (ldUr¶) JrV§ Jm¶m{‘ & 4. ‘¥Ê‘¶o (nmÌ‘²) (erVb) Ob§ {dÚVo &

nR>V ~moYV -• [MV², MZ ¶wVm{Z {deofUm{Z = [MV², MZ EVX² à˶¶Û¶‘² A{Z{üVVm§ Xe©¶{V & "{H$‘²' B˶ZoZ gh V¶mo: Cn¶moJ: ^d{V & (H$: + {MV²) H${üV² Z¥n:, ({H$‘² + MZ) {H$#mZ ZJa‘² & (Ho$Z + {MV²) Ho$Z{MV² ‘w{ZZm & (H$ñ¶ + {MV²) H$ñ¶{MV² ‘ZwOñ¶ &

ApñV H${üV² Z¥n: & g: H$pñ‘¨{üV² ZJao AQ>{V ñ‘ & Ho$Z{MV² ‘w{ZZm g: AmhÿV: & ‘w{Z: An¥ÀN>V², ""{H$‘² ApÝdî¶{g ‘hmamO?'' Z¥n: H${#mV² H$mb§ {d{MÝ˶ AdXV², ""Z {H$‘{n& ‘‘ H$‘ U§ hñVmV² n[a^«ï>‘²& VX² Ed ApÝdî¶m{‘ &'' F${f: C³VdmZ², ""ho amOZ², ^dmZ² Vw Z¥n: & AݶV² {H$‘{n H$‘U§ Yma{¶Vw§ e³Zmo{f & VWm{n H$‘U{df¶o {H$‘W©‘² EVmdV² {MÝVZ‘² ? à˶wV ^dV: amÁ¶o {H$¶ÝV: OZm: ~w^w{jVm:, Ho$MZ X[aÐm:, Ho${MV² amoJnr{S>Vm: M & H$müZ ‘{hbm: CÚmoJoZ {dZm {ZamYmam: & H¡${üX² ~mbH¡$: {ejU§ ˶³V‘² & Ho$fm#mZ {eeyZm‘² AÞm{X{df¶o ‘hVr XþadñWm & Ho$fwMZ {d^mJofw Obì¶dñWm Z g‘rMrZm & EVofm§ H¥$Vo {H$‘{n Hw$é & H$‘U{df¶o {MÝVm§ ‘m Hw$é & amÁ¶ñ¶ ì¶dñWm Z¥nñ¶ na§ H$V©ì¶‘² &''

V²/X² + b² b² Z² + b² ± b²

7) {ZgJm©V² + bä¶Vo = {ZgJm©„ä¶Vo & EVX² + bdU‘² = EV„dU‘² &

CV² + bg{V = C„g{V & H$Xm{MV² + bãY‘² = H$Xm{M„ãY‘² &

8) Apñ‘Z² + bmoHo$ = Apñ‘>>±„moHo$ & J«ÝWmZ² + {bI{V = J«ÝWm±{„I{V &

VmZ² + bmoH$mZ² = Vm±„moH$mZ² & XodmZ² + bg{V = Xodm±„g{V &

ì¶ÄOZmZm§ {dñVma: & nR>V AdJÀN>V !

7070

^mfmgyÌ‘² - 4

(A) b¥Q²>bH$ma: ({ÛVr¶: ^{dî¶ËH$mb:)&

ø: -^yVH$mb: AÚ - dV©‘mZH$mb: œ: - ^{dî¶ËH$mb:Ah‘² AnR>‘² &~mbH$m: AIobZ² &‘mVm A¶ÀN>V² &Ëd‘² AZ‘: &am‘: A‘w#mV² &

Ah§ nR>m{‘ &~mbH$m: IobpÝV &‘mVm ¶ÀN>{V &Ëd§ Z‘{g &am‘: ‘w#m{V &

Ah§ n{R>î¶m{‘ &~mbH$m: Io{bî¶pÝV &‘mVm Xmñ¶{V &Ëd§ Z§ñ¶{g &am‘: ‘moú¶{V &

‘obZ§ Hw$éV &

ê$nm{U n{R>î¶m{‘ Io{bî¶pÝV Xmñ¶{V Z§ñ¶{V ‘moú¶{V J{‘î¶{V dú¶{V àú¶m{‘ àmßñ¶{VYmVd: à+Amn² ‘wM² J‘²> dM² Xm àÀN>² Z‘² Iob² nR²>

nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.ñ¶{V ñ¶V: ñ¶pÝV CÎm‘: ñ¶Vo ñ¶oVo ñ¶ÝVo ñ¶{g ñ¶W: ñ¶W ‘ܶ‘: ñ¶go ñ¶oWo ñ¶Üdoñ¶m{‘ ñ¶md: ñ¶m‘: àW‘: ñ¶o ñ¶mdho ñ¶m‘ho

J‘² (1 n.n.) b^² (1 Am.n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

J{‘î¶{V J{‘î¶V: J{‘î¶pÝV CÎm‘: bßñ¶Vo bßñ¶oVo bßñ¶ÝVo

J{‘î¶{g J{‘î¶W: J{‘î¶W ‘ܶ‘: bßñ¶go bßñ¶Wo bßñ¶Üdo

J{‘î¶m{‘ J{‘î¶md: J{‘î¶m‘: àW‘: bßñ¶o bßñ¶mdho bßñ¶m‘ho

Z¥V² (4 n. n.) ‘Z² (4 Am. n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

Z{V©î¶{V Z{V©î¶V: Z{V©î¶pÝV CÎm‘: ‘§ñ¶Vo ‘§ñ¶oVo ‘§ñ¶ÝVo

Z{V©î¶{g Z{V©î¶W: Z{V©î¶W ‘ܶ‘: ‘§ñ¶go ‘§ñ¶oWo ‘§ñ¶Üdo

Z{V©î¶m{‘ Z{V©î¶md: Z{V©î¶m‘: àW‘: ‘§ñ¶o ‘§ñ¶mdho ‘§ñ¶m‘ho

àÀN>² (6 n. n.) ‘wM² (6 Am. n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

àú¶{V àú¶V: àú¶pÝV CÎm‘: ‘moú¶Vo ‘moú¶oVo ‘moú¶ÝVo

àú¶{g àú¶W: àú¶W ‘ܶ‘: ‘moú¶go ‘moú¶oWo ‘moú¶Üdo

àú¶m{‘ àú¶md: àú¶m‘: àW‘: ‘moú¶o ‘moú¶mdho ‘moú¶m‘ho

b¥Q²>à˶¶m: & (^{dî¶ËH$mbà˶¶m:)

71

{OkmgmnÌ‘²

{MÝV² (10 n. n.) JU² (10 Am. n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

{MÝV{¶î¶{V {MÝV{¶î¶V: {MÝV{¶î¶pÝV CÎm‘: JU{¶î¶{V JU{¶î¶V: JU{¶î¶pÝV

{MÝV{¶î¶{g {MÝV{¶î¶W: {MÝV{¶î¶W ‘ܶ‘: JU{¶î¶{g JU{¶î¶W: JU{¶î¶W

{MÝV{¶î¶m{‘ {MÝV{¶î¶md: {MÝV{¶î¶m‘: àW‘: JU{¶î¶m{‘ JU{¶î¶md: JU{¶î¶m‘:

dm³¶m{Z nR>V &1. d¶§ gm¶§H$mbo CÚmZ§ J{‘î¶m‘: & 2. ‘‘ nwñVH§$ ‘ø§ H$Xm Xmñ¶{g ?3. ~mbH$m: Á¶oð>mZ² Z§ñ¶pÝV &4. N>mÌm: CÎm‘mZ² AL²>H$mZ² àmßñ¶pÝV &5. "qgh, O¥å^ñd ! XÝVmZ² Vo JU{¶î¶m{‘ &6. naœ: ‘‘ ‘mVm‘hr ‘‘ J¥h‘² AmJ{‘î¶{V &

7. ànaœ: ‘mVwb: {ÛM{H«$H$m§ àXmñ¶{V &8. AmJm{‘{Z df} Añ‘mH§$ embm¶m§ gwdU©‘hmoËgd:

gånËñ¶Vo &9. A{J«‘o ‘mgo narjm ^{dî¶{V &10. AmJm{‘{Z df} Ah§ MÝжmZo Cndoú¶m{‘ &11. A{J«‘§ ¶wJ§ VÝÌkmZoZ Ed nyUª ^{dî¶{V &

• Añ‘mH§$ {‘Ì‘² A{J«‘o ‘mgo H$ݶmHw$‘mat J{‘î¶{V & g: VÌ qH$ qH$ H$[aî¶{V B{V {MÝV{¶Ëdm dm³¶m{Z nya¶V &1. AÛ¡V: A{J«‘o e{Zdmgao ¶mÌmaå^§ & (H¥$)2. {d‘mZ¶mZoZ g VÌ AݶoÚw: & (à + Amn²)3. àW‘§ H$ݶmHw$‘marpñWV§ Xodmb¶§ g: & (Ñe²-ní¶²)4. Vñ‘mV² g‘wÐVra§ & (¶m)5. VÌñW§ gy¶m©ñV‘² & (Ad + bmoH²$)

ì¶ÄOZmZm§ {dñVma: & nR>V AdJÀN>V !

9) VmZ² + MmoamZ² = Vm§ümoamZ² & {d¿ZmZ² + M = {d¿Zm§ü &

~hÿZ² + VñH$amZ² = ~hÿ§ñVñH$amZ² & EVmZ² + N>mÌmZ² = EVm§ûN>mÌmZ² &

Z²+ M²/N²>/Q²>/R²>/V²/W² • (AZwñdma:), : ({dgJ©:) õñd: ñda: + N> = ÀN>

10) n[a + N>oX: - n[aÀN>oX: & Vé + N>m¶m = VéÀN>m¶m &

‘mV¥ + N>m¶m = ‘mV¥ÀN>m¶m & {d + N>oX: = {dÀN>oX: &

7272

{H«$¶mnXê$nm{U &

YmVw:(JU:, nX‘²) bQ²> bL²> bmoQ²> {d{Y{bL²> b¥Q²> H$‘©{U

nR²> (1 n.n.) nR>{V AnR>V² nR>Vw nR>oV² n{R>î¶{V nR>çVo

Xm (1 n.n.) ¶ÀN>{V A¶ÀN>V² ¶ÀN>Vw ¶ÀN>oV² Xmñ¶{V Xr¶Vo

nm (1 n.n.) {n~{V A{n~V² {n~Vw {n~oV² nmñ¶{V nr¶Vo

J¡ (1 n.n.) Jm¶{V AJm¶V² Jm¶Vw Jm¶oV² Jmñ¶{V Jr¶Vo

ܶ¡ (1 n.n.) ܶm¶{V Aܶm¶V² ܶm¶Vw ܶm¶oV² ܶmñ¶{V ܶm¶Vo

Zr (1 C.n.) n.n. Z¶{V AZ¶V² Z¶Vw Z¶oV² Zoî¶{V Zr¶Vo

Zr (1 C.n.) Am.n. Z¶Vo AZ¶V Z¶Vm‘² Z¶oV Zoî¶Vo Zr¶Vo

ñ‘¥ (1 n.n.) ñ‘a{V Añ‘aV² ñ‘aVw ñ‘aoV² ñ‘[aî¶{V ñ‘¶©Vo

ö (1 C.n.) n.n. ha{V AhaV² haVw haoV² h[aî¶{V õr¶Vo

ö (1 C.n.) Am. n. haVo AhaV haVm‘² haoV h[aî¶Vo õr¶Vo

a^² (1 Am.n.) a^Vo Aa^V a^Vm‘² a^oV aßñ¶Vo aä¶Vo

Z¥V² (4 n.n.) Z¥Ë¶{V AZ¥Ë¶V² Z¥Ë¶Vw Z¥Ë¶oV² Z{V©î¶{V Z¥Ë¶Vo

H«w$Y² (4 n.n.) H«w$ܶ{V$ AH«w$ܶV² H«w$ܶVw H«w$ܶoV² H«$moËñ¶{V H«w$ܶVo

‘Z² (4 Am.n.) ‘ݶVo A‘ݶV ‘ݶVm‘² ‘ݶoV ‘§ñ¶Vo ‘ݶVo

{bI² (6 n.n.) {bI{V A{bIV² {bIVw {bIoV² bo{Iî¶{V {b»¶Vo

àÀN²> (6 n.n.) n¥ÀN>{V An¥ÀN>V² n¥ÀN>Vw n¥ÀN>oV² àú¶{V n¥ÀN²>¶Vo

{Xe² (6 C.n.) n.n. {Xe{V A{XeV² {XeVw {XeoV² Xoú¶{V {Xí¶Vo

{Xe² (6 C.n.) Am.n. {XeVo A{XeV {XeVm‘² {XeoV Xoú¶Vo {Xí¶Vo

‘wM² (6 C.n.) n.n. ‘w#m{V A‘w#mV² ‘w#mVw ‘w#moV² ‘moú¶{V ‘wÀ¶Vo

‘wM² (6 C.n.)Am.n. ‘w#mVo A‘w#mV ‘w#mVm‘² ‘w#moV ‘moú¶Vo ‘wÀ¶Vo

nyO² (10 C.n.)n.n. nyO¶{V AnyO¶V² nyO¶Vw nyO¶oV² nyO{¶î¶{V nyÁ¶Vo

nyO² (10C.n.)Am.n. nyO¶Vo AnyO¶V nyO¶Vm‘² nyO¶oV nyO{¶î¶Vo nyÁ¶Vo

ñn¥h² (10 C.n.)n.n. ñn¥h¶{V Añn¥h¶V² ñn¥h¶Vw ñn¥h¶oV² ñn¥h{¶î¶{V ñn¥øVo

ñn¥h²(10C.n.)Am.n. ñn¥h¶Vo Añn¥h¶V ñn¥h¶Vm‘² ñn¥h¶oV ñn¥h{¶î¶Vo ñn¥øVo

Mwa² (10 C.n.) n.n. Mmoa¶{V AMmoa¶V² Mmoa¶Vw Mmoa¶oV² Mmoa{¶î¶{V Mmo¶©Vo

Mwa² (10C.n.)Am.n. Mmoa¶Vo AMmoa¶V Mmoa¶Vm‘² Mmoa¶oV Mmoa{¶î¶Vo Mmo¶©Vo

Ag² (2 n.n.) ApñV AmgrV² AñVw ñ¶mV² ^{dî¶{V ^y¶Vo

eH²$ (5 n.n.) e³Zmo{V Ae³ZmoV² e³ZmoVw e³Zw¶mV² eú¶{V e³¶Vo

lw (5 n.n.) e¥Umo{V Ae¥UmoV² e¥UmoVw e¥Uw¶mV² lmoî¶{V ly¶Vo

H¥$ (8 C.n.) n.n. H$amo{V AH$amoV² H$amoVw Hw$¶m©V² H$[aî¶{V {H«$¶Vo

H¥$ (8 C.n.) Am.n. Hw$éVo AHw$d©V Hw$éVm‘² Hw$duV H$[aî¶Vo {H«$¶Vo

km (9 C.n.) n.n. OmZm{V AOmZmV² OmZmVw OmZr¶mV² kmñ¶{V km¶Vo

km (9 C.n.) Am.n. OmZrVo AOmZrV OmZrVm‘² OmZrV kmñ¶Vo km¶Vo

73

a{MVdV²kmVdV²a{jVdV²n{R>VdV²

C³VdV²

H¥$VdV²

bãYdV²

n¥ï>dV²C³V

a {jV

kmV

a{MV

H¥$V

n{R>VbãY n¥ï>

A¶§ "H¥$' YmVmo: Obme¶: & AÌ H${V ‘Ëñ¶m: n[a{MVm: ¶wî‘mH$‘²?

B) ^yVH$mbdmMH$-YmVwgm{YV-{deofUm{Z &

³VdVw ̂ mÊS>‘²am‘oU nmR>: n{R>V: & am‘: nmR>§ n{R>VdmZ² &am‘oU H${dVm n{R>Vm & grVm nmR>§ n{R>VdVr &am‘oU H$m춧 n{R>V‘² & N>mÌm: nmR>§ n{R>VdÝV: &am‘oU nmR>m: n{R>Vm: & ‘{hbm: nmR>§ n{R>Vd˶: &grV¶m H${dVo n{R>Vo & Ah§ nmR>§ n{R>VdmZ² &Añ‘m{^: H$mì¶m{Z n{R>Vm{Z & Ëd§ nmR>§ n{R>VdVr &¶Wm H$‘©nX§ n[adV©Vo, ¶Wm H$V¥©nX§ n[adV©Vo, VWm {H«$¶mgyMH§$ {deofU‘² A{n n[adV©Vo & VWm {H«$¶mgyMH§$ {deofU‘² A{n n[adV©Vo &

EVX² {H«$¶mnXmV² {^Þ‘² & "n{R>V' B{V "³V' à˶¶mÝVê$n‘² (H$‘©dmÀ¶§ ^yV. YmVw. {deofU‘² = ‘ybYmVw: + V) VWm M "n{R>VdV²' B{V "³VdVw' à˶¶mÝVê$n‘² (H$V¥©dmÀ¶§ ^yV. YmVw. {deofU‘² = ‘ybYmVw: + VdV²) &

³V-^mÊS>‘²

1) {jn² - {já/{jádV² Amn² - Amá/AmádV²

{O - {OV/{OVdV² Zr - ZrV/ZrVdV² lw - lwV/lwVdV² H¥$ - H¥$V/H¥$VdV² ñ‘¥ - ñ‘¥V/ñ‘¥VdV² 2) nm - nrV/nrVdV² nm - nmV/nmVdV² Ym - {hV/{hVdV²

J¡ - JrV/JrVdV² ܶ¡ - ܶmV/ܶmVdV²3) H$W² - H${WV/H${WVdV² XÊS²> - XpÊS>V/XpÊS>VdV² nyO² - ny{OV/ny{OVdV² ^j² - ^{jV/^{jVdV² ^yf² - ^y{fV/^y{fVdV² AW©² - A{W©V/A{W©VdV² JU² - J{UV/J{UVdV² jb² - jm{bV/jm{bVdV²

VS²> - Vm{S>V/Vm{S>VdV² Kwf² - Kmo{fV/Kmo{fVdV² Mwa² - Mmo[aV/Mmo[aVdV²4) Ñe² - Ñï>/Ñï>dV² {Xe² - {Xï>/{Xï>dV² ñn¥e² - ñn¥ï>/ñn¥ï>dV² g¥O² - g¥ï>/g¥ï>dV² X§e² - Xï>/Xï>dV² Bf² - Bï>/Bï>dV² àÀN> - n¥ï>/n¥ï>dV²

7474

5) nR²> - n{R>V/n{R>VdV² {bI² - {b{IV/{b{IVdV² dÝX² - dpÝXV/dpÝXVdV² 6) ‘wM² - ‘w³V/‘w³VdV²$ ˶O² - ˶³V/˶³VdV² ^wO² - ^w³V/^w³VdV²

7) ~wY² - ~wÕ/~wÕdV² b^² - bãY/bãYdV² a^² - aãY/aãYdV² bw^² - bwãY/bwãYdV²8) dM² - C³V/C³VdV² dX² - C{XV/C{XVdV²

dh² - D$T>/D$T>dV² J«h² - J¥hrV/J¥hrVdV²9) ‘Z² - ‘V/‘VdV² VZ² - VV/VVdV² hZ² - hV/hVdV²10) J«ÝW² - J«{WV/J«{WVdV² ‘ÝW² - ‘{WV/‘{WVdV²

ê$nm{U AdbmoH$¶V &

H$‘©dmÀ¶§ ^yV. YmVw. {deofU‘² H$V¥©dmÀ¶§ ^yV. YmVw. {deofU‘²n{R>V: n{R>Vm¡ n{R>Vm: (nw§.) n{R>VdmZ² n{R>VdÝVm¡ n{R>VdÝV: (nw§.)n{R>Vm n{R>Vo n{R>Vm: (ór) n{R>VdVr n{R>Vd˶m¡ n{R>Vd˶: (ór)n{R>V‘² n{R>Vo n{R>Vm{Z (Znw§.) n{R>VdV² n{R>VdVr n{R>VdpÝV (Znw§.)EVm{Z ê$nm{U Xod ‘mbm dZ gÑem{Z & EVm{Z ê$nm{U Xod ‘mbm dZ gÑem{Z &

AYmoXÎmm{Z dm³¶m{Z nR>V, ^oX‘² AdJÀN>V & Ho$Z/H$¶m H¥$V‘² & H$: H¥$VdmZ² / H$m H¥$VdVr ?

1. AM©Ho$U Xod: ny{OV: &2. AM©Ho$U Xodr ny{OVm &3. AM©Ho$U X¡dV§ ny{OV‘² &4. {nVm‘øm H$Wm H${WVm &5. MmbHo$Z ê$߶H$m{U J{UVm{Z &6. H¥$frdboZ gñ¶m{Z Cám{Z &

1. AM©H : Xod§ ny{OVdmZ² &2. AM©H$: Xodr§ ny{OVdmZ² &3. AM©H$: X¡dV§ ny{OVdmZ² &4. {nVm‘hr H$Wm§ H${WVdVr &5. MmbH$: ê$߶H$m{U J{UVdmZ² &6. H¥$frdb: gñ¶m{Z CádmZ² &

1. "³V' à˶¶mÝVê$n¡: [a³VñWmZm{Z nya¶V &1. OZ¡: nyOm & (H¥$) 2.{ejHo$U nmR>: Cƒ¡: & (nR²>)3. {eî¶oU X{jUm & (Xm) 4. AZ¶m H$Wm & (aM²) 5. {~S>mboZ jra§ & (nm) 6. ‘¶m {M̧ & (Ñe²)2. "³VdVw' à˶¶mÝVê$n¡: [a³VñWmZm{Z nya¶V &1. nwéf: H$m¶ª & (H¥$) 2.‘{hbm em{Q>H$m§ & (Y¥)3. Xodm: ^³VmZ² & (aj²) 4. Ah§ {MÌm{U & (Ñe²)5. H${d: H${dVm§ & ({bI²)

{OkmgmnÌ‘²

75

1. g¥ðw> J¥hrV: Mm¡a: &1) YZñ¶yV… - (nw§.) 2) ‘m¶m¶{ï>H$m (ór)3) AL²>Jw{b‘mÌ‘² - (Znw§) 2. A춶‘mbm &1) AënmjaËd‘² (Znw§.) 2) Amñ¶‘² (Znw§.) 3) K«mU‘² (Znw§.) $4) g¥ï>‘² ({deo.Znw§.) 5) fQ²>nXm… (nw§.)6) Ho$VH$sJÝY‘² (Znw§.)7) AmK«mVw‘² (A.) 8) {ÛVr¶m (ór) 9) ñWmZ^«ï>m… (nw§.) 3. qH$ {‘϶m? qH$ dmñVd‘²?1) ‘ÝWZ‘² (Zn§w.) 2) gwImgÝX… (nw§.)3) Mb^mf… (nw§.) 4) ÛmaKpÊQ>H$m (ór)5) ¶{ï>H$ÝXþH$H$sS>m (nw§.) 6) bmbm{¶V§ ({deo.) 7) ~w^wjm (ór) 8) Am^mgmË‘H$‘² (Znw§.)4. {dܶW©‘mbm &1) MoV² (A.)2) Hw$V… (A.)3) à˶h‘² (A.) 4) {H$Þw (A.)5) H$X¶©: (nw§.)

5. drad{ZVm {dínbm &1) ^wd‘² (ór) 2) ¶wJnX² (A.)3) à˶wV (A.)4) BV…na‘² (A.)5) Am¶wYàhma… (nw§.)6) H$Xbrd¥j… (nw§.)7) g§öV… ({deo.) 6. {nZ²H$moS²>-àdV©H$… ‘hmZ² g§ñH¥$Vk…&1) AmL²½b^mfm (ór) 2) Xþ~m}Y‘² (Znw§.) 3) à˶yhm… (nw§.) 4) {dÛÛaoʶ… (nw§.)7. gyp³VgwYm &1) ^«mV¥^mÁ¶‘² (Znw§.)2) JUZm (ór) 3) XþhpÝV ({H«$.)4) OmS>瑲 ({deo.)5) nw§gm§ (nw§.) 8. ‘Zg… ñdÀN>Vm &1) hR>‘² (Znw§.) 2) CV (A.)3) bKw^ma‘² (Znw§.)4) AmЩ… (nw§.) 5) em{Q>H$m#mb§ (Znw§.)6) {H$¶ÝV… (A.)7) aOH$… (nw§.)8) MÝXZ’o$ZH$‘² (Znw§.)9) ì¶mn¥V‘² (A.)

9. A‘aH$mof… &1) AܶoV¥ (nw§.) 2) ¶Woï>‘² (A.)3) AmMÝÐVmaH$‘² (Znw§.)4) AZwemgZ‘² (Znw§.) 5) {dZm¶mg‘² (A춶)10. H$mì¶emó{dZmoX: &1) ‘pñVîH$ImÚ‘² (Znw§.)2) gag§ (Znw§.) 3) n{jamO… (nw§.)4) eybnm{U: (nw§.)5) {~^«Z² ({deo.)11. ‘ZmoamÁ¶ñ¶ ’$b‘² &1) AYrVo ({H«$.)2) eH«$… (nw§.) 3) g³Vw$ (ór) 4) ZmJXÝVo (nw§.)5) dS>dm (ór.)6) ¶yW‘² (nw§.)7) ‘{hfr (ór) 9) {dH«$¶U‘² (Znw§.) 10) MVw…emb‘² (Znw§.) 11) àmád¶ñH$m‘² (ór) 12) OmZwMbZ¶mo½¶… (nw§.)13) lmoî¶{V (YmVwê$n)14) Hw$¸w$a… (nw§.) 15) nmÊSw>aVm‘² (A.) 16) eoVo ({H«$.)

eãXH$mof… & (nmR>mZwgma‘²)

H«$sS>H$mZm§ JUÛ¶§ ^doV² & JUÛ¶‘{n A{^‘wI‘² Cn{de{V & H«$sS>maå^o EH$pñ‘Z² JUo {dÚ‘mZofw EH$: EH§$ ‘mV¥^mfmeãX§ dX{V & VXm P{Q>{V AݶJUr¶ofw ¶: H$mo@{n VËg‘mZmW©H§$ g§ñH¥$VeãX§ dXoV² & (g: eãX: C{MV: ApñV CV Z B{V {ejH$: n[aerb¶oV² &) AYwZm EVX²JUr¶m: ‘mV¥^mfmeãX§ dXo¶w:, VX²JUr¶m: g§ñH¥$VeãX‘² & Ed‘od H«$sS>m AZwdV©Vo &

IobV-ZÝXV !! eãXmZwdmXH«$sS>m

7676

Zd‘r H$jm H¥${Vn{ÌH$m - àmê$n‘² & AL²>H$m: (40 ) g§¶w³V-g§ñH¥$V‘² g‘¶: - hmoamÛ¶‘² àW‘: {d^mJ: - gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² & (4) 1) A) {M̧ ÑîQ‰>m Zm‘m{Z {bIV & ({MÌnXH$mofV: 5 {MÌm{U) (5 V: 4) 2 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Am) gL²>»¶mboIZ§ Hw$éV & (3 V: 2)(àW‘gÌ‘²-1 V: 50, {ÛVr¶gÌ‘²-51 V: 100) 1 B) g‘¶boIZ§ Hw$éV & (3 V: 2) 1

{ÛVr¶: {d^mJ: - JÚ‘² & (15)2) A) JÚm§e: 1 - JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & (àW‘gÌ‘² - 1, 3, 5, 6) 5 Am) JÚm§e: 2 - JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & ({ÛVr¶gÌ‘² 10, 11, 12, 15) 5 H¥$V¶: - 1) EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & (2 V: 1) (1) 2) g˶‘² Ag˶§ dm/ H$: H§$ dX{V/C{MV§ H$maU§ {MËdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV & (1)

3) gpÝY¨/gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & (nyd©nX§/CÎmanX§/MVwW©nX§ {bIV&) (1) 4) gyMZmZwgma§ H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & (4 V: 2) (2) (H$) eãXñ¶ dU©{dJ«h§ $Hw$éV & (I) {deofU-{deoî¶-gå~ÝY: &(ñVå^‘obZ§ Hw$éV/JÚm§eV: {MZwV&/MVwWª nX§ {bIV &)

(J>) ËdmÝV/ë¶~ÝV/Vw‘ÝV/{d^³Ë¶ÝVê$nm{U (Ho$db‘² EH$§ ê$n‘²) (K) g‘mZmW©H§$/{déÕmW©H$eãX§ {MZwV & (Ho$db‘² EH$§ ê$n‘²) B) JÚm§e: 3 - JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & (àW‘gÌ‘² - 8 {ÛVr¶gÌ‘² - 16) 3 B©) ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV & (2 V: 1) (àñVmdZm Ano{jVm) 2 (àW‘gÌ‘² - 1, 3, 5, 6) ({ÛVr¶gÌ‘² - 10, 11, 12, 15)

V¥Vr¶: {d^mJ: - nÚ‘² & (10) 3) A) nÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & (àW‘gÌ‘² - 2, 4) ({ÛVr¶gÌ‘² 9, 14) 3 ûcmoH$m: àï>ì¶m: & 4 1) EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & (2 V: 1) (1) 2) gyMZmZwgma§ H¥$Vr Hw$éV & (2 V: 1) (1) H$) {deofU-{deoî¶-gå~ÝY: & I)ËdmÝV/ë¶~ÝV/Vw‘ÝV/{d^³Ë¶ÝV§ nX§ {MZwV &

J) g‘mZmW©H§$/{déÕmW©H§$ eãX§ {MZwV & 3) OmbaoIm{M̧ nya¶V (àW‘gÌ‘² 7) ({ÛVr¶gÌ‘² 9, 14) 2 B) nÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & (2 V: 1)(àW‘gÌ‘² 2, 4 {ÛVr¶gÌ‘² 9, 14) 2 C) ûcmoH § ewÕ§ nyUª M {bIV & (2 V: 1) (àW‘gÌ‘² 2, 4 {ÛVr¶gÌ‘² 9, 14) 2 D$) ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV & (2 V: 1) (àW‘gÌ‘² 7 {ÛVr¶gÌ‘² 13) (àñVmdZm Ano{jVm) 2

77

Zd>‘r H$jm-‘y붑mnZ‘² &

àW‘§/{ÛVr¶§ gÌ‘² - (50 AL²>H$m:)

boIZnarjm (40 AL²>H$m:)

‘m¡pIH$s narjm (5 AL²>H$m:) l ldU‘² - 1 AL²>H$:& (lwVboIZ‘² 2 eãXm¡) l dmMZ‘² - 2 AL²>H$m¡& (dUm}ƒmam:, g²/f², Z²/U² ^oXm: Ðï>ì¶m:) l H$ÊR>ñWrH$aU‘² - 2 AL²>H$m¡& àmW©Zm, ûcmoH$nR>Z‘², Vm{bH$mnR>Z‘² (Zm‘, gd©Zm‘, {H«$¶mnX‘²) n#mXedmŠ¶m{Z, gL²>»¶m: KQ>r M & Aݶ-AL²>H$m: (5 AL²>H$m:) = KQ>H$narjm + boIZnwpñVH$m

MVwW©: {d^mJ: - ì¶mH$aU‘² & (7) 4) A) n¥W³Hw$éV & (6 V: 4) (Zm‘, gd©Zm‘, {H«$¶mnX‘², {deofU‘²) 2 Am) g‘mgm: & (6 V: 4) 2 àW‘gÌ‘²- n¥W³Hw$éV & (BVaoVaÛÝÛ:, g‘mhmaÛÝÛ:-4 g‘ñVnXm{Z: &)

{ÛVr¶gÌ‘²- ñVå^‘obZ§ Hw$éV & (ñVå^: A-4 g‘ñVnXm{Z, 4 {dJ«hm: & ñVå^: ~-8 g‘mgZm‘m{Z &)

B) ¶mo½¶{deofU§ {MËdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV & (4 V: 2) 2 (àW‘gÌ‘²- {deofU-{deoî¶-gå~ÝY: {ÛVr¶gÌ‘²- YmVwgm{YV-{deofU-{deoî¶-gå~ÝY:)

B©) à¶moJ: & (2 V: 1) 1 àW‘gÌ‘²- à¶moJ‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ ¶mo½¶§ ê$n§ {MZwV {bIV M &

{ÛVr¶gÌ‘²- à¶moJn[aM¶§ Hw$éV &

n#m‘: {d^mJ: - boIZH$m¡eb‘² & (4)5) A) A춶mZm§/YmVyZm‘² Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm dm³¶o {bIV & (4 V: 2) (CnnX{d^p³V:) 2 Am) gL²>»¶m{deofUmZm‘² Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm dm³¶Û¶§ {bIV & (3 V: 2) (Ho$db§ 1 V: 10 gL²>»¶m:&) 2 (1 V: 4 gL²>»¶m: AZwg¥Ë¶ EH$m gL²>»¶m Ano{jVm &) (àW‘gÌ‘² - àW‘m{d^p³V:, {ÛVr¶gÌ‘² - àW‘m§ {dhm¶)

7878

Zd‘r H$jm H¥${Vn{ÌH$m AL²>H$m: - 40 g§¶w³V-g§ñH¥$V‘² g‘¶: - hmoamÛ¶‘² àW‘: {d^mJ: - gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² (4) 1) A) {M̧ ÑîQ‰>m Zm‘m{Z {bIV & (5 V: 4) 2 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Am) gL²>»¶m: Aja¡: A‘¡: dm {bIV& (3 V: 2) 1 1) 64 2) ZdZd{V: 3) 23 B) Aja¡: g‘¶boIZ§ Hw$éV & (3 V: 2) 1 1) 12.15 2) 7.25 3) 8.30

{ÛVr¶: {d^mJ: - JÚ‘² & (15)2) A) JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm {Z{X©ï>m: H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & 5

XodXÎm: Zm‘ EH$: Y{ZH$: AmgrV² & EH$Xm Vñ¶ YZñ¶yV: bwá>: & Vñ¶ J¥ho fS>² ^¥Ë¶m: AmgZ² & Vofw Ed EH$: Mm¡a: ñ¶mV², B{V Vñ¶ ‘V‘² & Mm¡a§ J«hrVw§ g: dra~bñ¶ gmhm涧 ñdrH¥$VdmZ² & dra~b: AdXV², ""{‘Ì! AÚ gm¶L²>H$mbo Vd gdm©Z² ^¥Ë¶mZ² ‘‘ J¥h§ àof¶'' B{V&

¶Wm{ZpíMV§ gd} godH$m: dra~bñ¶ J¥h‘² AmJVm: & dra~boZ nyd©‘od gd}fm§ H¥$Vo g‘mZmoÞV¶: ¶{ï>H$m: AmZrVm: & g: godH$mZ² AdXV², ""^mo: ní¶ÝVw, EVm: ‘m¶m¶{ï>H$m: & EH¡$H$m§ ¶{ï>H$m§ ñdrH¥$˶ ^d{Ø: XodXÎmñ¶ J¥h§ JÝV춧, œ: à^mVo nwZamJÝV춑² & ¶oZ Ho$Zm{n YZñ¶yV: Mmo[aV: ñ¶mV² Vñ¶ ¶{ï>H$m A“x{b‘m̧ XrKm© ^{dî¶{V &''

H$. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & (2 V: 1) 1 1) gd} godH$m: H$ñ¶ J¥h‘² AmJVm: ? 2) $H$ñ¶ YZñ¶yV: bwá: ? I. H$: H§$ dX{V ? - ""gdm©Z² ^¥Ë¶mZ² ‘‘ J¥h§ àof¶ &'' 1 J. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & 1 1) Ho$Zm{n = + A{n & 2) nwZamJÝV춑² = nwZ: + & K. gyMZmZwgma§ H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & (4 V: 3) 3 1) dU©{dJ«h§ Hw$éV - gd}fm‘²

2) JÚm§emV² 1 hoËdW©H$-Vw‘ÝV-A춶§ {MËdm {bIV & 3) JÚm§emV² {deofU§ {MËdm {bIV & ¶{ï>H$m: & 4) JÚm§emV² {déÕmW©H$eãX§ {MZwV & õñdm Í & Am) JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm {Z{X©ï>m: H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & 5

"Efm aUa“mV² ¶mdV² Z {Zdm¶©Vo VmdV² O¶: gd©Wm Z àm߶Vo' B{V {MÝV{¶Ëdm eÌwg¡{ZH$m: ¶wJnV² AmH«$å¶ Vm‘² AdéÕdÝV: & eÌwg¡{ZH$m: Vo AgL²>»çm: AmgZ², {dínbm Vw EH$m{H$Zr ! VWm{n Vñ¶m: ‘Z{g Z ^r{Vboe: A{n AmgrV² & à˶wV {ÛJw{UVoZ CËgmhoZ ¶wÕ§ H¥$VdVr & ¶wÕg‘¶o eÌwg¡{ZH$m: Vñ¶m: EH§$ nmX§ H${V©VdÝV: & AZÝVa‘² "BV: na‘² EVñ¶m: H$maUmV² nrS>m Z ^{dî¶{V' B{V {ZU©¶§ H¥$Ëdm Vo {e{~a§ à{VJVdÝV: &

79

¶Ú{n {dínbm¶m: nmX: ^¾: VWm{n gm hVmoËgmhm Z OmVm & M¡Vݶ‘y{V©: gm dram“Zm Ed AmgrV² & "œ: ‘¶m ¶wÕ§ H$aUr¶‘² Ed' B{V {Z{ü˶ gm nmX§ nwZ: àmáw‘² EoÀN>V² & AV: gm {ZübV¶m Cn{dí¶ A{œZrHw$‘ma¶mo: ܶmZ§ H¥$VdVr & Vñ¶m: ^³Vo$: H$maUmV² A{œZrHw$‘mam¡ bmoh¶w³V§ nmX§ ¶moO{¶Ëdm Vm§ ¶Wmnydª H¥$VdÝVm¡ & EVñ‘mV² {dínbm ¶Wmnydª M{bVw§ ¶wÕ§ H$Vwª M g‘Wm© OmVm &

H$) EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & (2 V: 1) 1 1. {dínbm H$¶mo: ܶmZ§ H¥$VdVr ? 2. ¶wÕg‘¶o eÌwg¡{ZH$m: qH$ H¥$VdÝV: ? I) dm³¶§ nwZ{b©{IËdm g˶‘² Ag˶§ dm B{V {bIV & 1 eÌwg¡{ZH$m: ¶wJnV² AmH«$å¶ IobamO‘² AdéÕdÝV: & J) gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & ¶Ú{n = + & 1 K) gyMZmZwgma§ H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & (4 V: 2) 2 1. dU©{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & - {dínbm 2. JÚm§eV: g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {MËdm {bIV & - AJ{UVm: = & 3. JÚm§eV: nyd©H$mbdmMH$-ë¶~ÝV-A춶§ {MËdm {bIV & (Ho$db‘² 1) 4. JÚm§emV² {deofU§ {MËdm {bIV & nmX‘² & B) JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & 3

AZwemgZ{à¶ñ¶ dobUH$a‘hmoX¶ñ¶ g“rV‘{n {à¶: {df¶: & g: ìhm¶mo{bZdmXZo VWm V~bmdmXZo@{n AVrd {ZnwU: & AV: Ed g: "JrVJrdm©U‘²' B{V g“rV{df¶H§$ emór¶J«ÝW§ g§ñH¥$VoZ a{MVdmZ² & H$Wm:, JrVm{Z, ~mbJrVm{Z, Z¥Ë¶ZmQ>瑲 B{V ~hþ{dYm: aMZm: VoZ H¥$Vm: VWm{n Z>mQ>çboIZ§ Vñ¶ A{^‘V: gm{h˶àH$ma: &

B©) ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV & (2 V: 1) 2 1. ‘mVm VZ¶m¶m: {dMman[adV©Z§ H$W§ H$amo{V ? 2. dra~boZ Mm¡a: H$W§ J¥hrV:?

V¥Vr¶: {d^mJ: - nÚ‘² & (10) 3) A) nÚm§em¡ n{R>Ëdm H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & JwUm: Hw$d©pÝV XÿVËd§ Xÿao@{n dgVm§ gVm‘² &

Ho$VH$sJÝY‘mK«m¶ ñd¶‘m¶mpÝV fQ²nXm: &&1&& Ñ{ï>nyV§ ݶgoV² nmX§ dónyV§ {n~oV² Ob‘² & g˶nyVm§ dXoV² dmUt ‘Z:nyV§ g‘mMaoV² &&2&& ñWmZ^«ï>m Z emo^ÝVo XÝVm Ho$em ZIm Zam: & B{V {dkm¶ ‘{V‘mZ² ñdñWmZ§ Z n[a˶OoV² &&3&& H$) EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & (2 V: 1) (1) 1. Ho$ XÿVËd§ Hw$d©pÝV ? 2. H$sÑet dmUt dXoV² ? I) gyMZmZwgma§ H¥$Vr Hw$éV & (2 V: 1) (1) 1. {déÕmW©H$eãX§ {MËdm {bIV & - Ag˶‘² Í & 2. ñVå^‘obZ§ Hw$éV & {deofU‘² Ñ{ï>nyV:, dónyV‘²

{deo² AmMaU‘², nmX:, Ob‘²

8080

J) nÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm OmbaoIm{M̧ nya¶V & 2

Am) nÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & (2 V: 1) 2 1. ¶ñ¶ fð>r MVwWu M {dhñ¶ M {dhm¶ M & Ah§ H$W§ {ÛVr¶m ñ¶mV² {ÛVr¶m ñ¶m‘h§ H$W‘² && 2. AH«$moYoZ O¶oV² H«$moY‘² AgmYw§ gmYwZm O¶oV² & O¶oV² H$X¶ª XmZoZ O¶oV² g˶oZ MmZ¥V‘² && B) ûcmoH$§ nyUª ewÕ§ M {bIV & (2 V: 1) 2 1. ^w³Ëdm V¥Um{Z ..... && 2. gwImWu MoV² .....&& D$) ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV & (2 V: 1) 2 1. ‘Zwî¶: ñdM[aV§ H$W§ à˶dojoV ? 2. H$: Añ‘mZ²$ nmVw ?

MVwW©: {d^mJ: - ì¶mH$aU‘² & (7)à. 4 A) n¥W³Hw$éV & (6 V: 4) 2

(a‘oVm‘², ewîH$m{U, ‘Yy{Z, Añ‘¡, ned:, ^d˶m:) Zm‘ gd©Zm‘ {H«$¶mnX‘² {deofU‘²

Am) n¥W³Hw$éV & (6 V: 4) 2 BVaoVaÛÝÛ: g‘mhmaÛÝÛ:

B) ¶mo½¶{deofU§ {MËdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV& (3 V: 2) 2 1. ‘mVm (é{Ma:/é{Ma§) ^moOZ§ nM{V & 2. gm (eya:/eyam) ~m{bH$m ApñV & 3. (CÎm‘m:/CÎm‘:) OZm: AmЪ ewîH§$ M AdH$a§ n¥WH²$ {jno¶w: & B©) à¶moJ‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ ¶mo½¶§ ê$n§ {MZwV {bIV M & 1 1. (~mbH$:/~mbHo$Z) Ob§ {n~Vw & 2. ‘mZdm: (J«ÝWmZm§/J«ÝWmZ²) nR>o¶w: &

n#m‘: {d^mJ: - boIZH$m¡eb‘² & (4)5) A) A춶mZm§/YmVyZm‘² Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm dm³¶o {bIV & (4 V: 2) 2 1. éM² 2. ~{h: 3. pñZh² 4. A{^V: & B) gL²>»¶m{deofUmZm‘² Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm dm³¶Û¶§ {bIV & (3 V: 2) 2 (H$) 2 (I) 6 (J) 8

ñWmZ^«ï>m: Z emo^ÝVo &

(h[aÐmHw$L²>Hw$‘‘², ‘Ëñ¶‘ÊSy>H$m¡, nÌnwînm{U, {VbJwS>‘²,

d¥jbVm:, Xþ½YeH©$a‘² &)

g§¶w³V-g§ñH¥$V‘²

doXdmL²>‘¶‘²

n#mVÝÌ‘²

A‘aH$mof:

Zd‘r H$jm

‘hmamï´>amÁ¶-nmR>çnwñVH$-{Z{‘©{V: VWmAä¶mgH«$‘-g§emoYZ-‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo-4

48.00`g§ñH¥ V AmZ§X B¶ËVm Zddr (g§¶w³V)

g§ñH¥ V A

mZ§X B¶ËVm Zddr (g§¶w³V)