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HELMINTHOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

 Isna Indrawati

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INTRODUCTION

  Study of worms that pathogensto human being

  Helminthic infection hasworldwide distribution

  ore than a third of the world!s

population is infected withworms "#$HI% &'(&)

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NEGLETED TROPICAL DISEASES

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INTRODUCTION (CONT’D)

  The integument of parasitehelminths resistant to digestion

  *re+uently pro,ided with spine%

stylet for penetration andattachment to the mucosa

  Se-es are separated in

nematoda% and Schistosoma"blood .u/es)

  hermaphrodite in .at worms

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LIFE CYCLE

  O,ipar% ,i,ipar  egg 0 lar,a 0 adult 

 Intestinal nematode andHymenolepis nana doesn1tneed intermediate host

  Trematode and Cestode need2( or & intermediate host" depend on the species)

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CLASSIFICATION

  INTESTINAL NEMATODA

NEMATHELMINTHES

  TISSUE NEMATODA

TREMATODA

PLATYHELMINTHES

CESTODA

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N3$TH34INTH3S

•  N3$TOD$

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orphology 2•  ,ary in si5e•  elongate6cylindroidal in sha

 

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•  has body ca,ity•  has mouth and posterior end

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Has simple digestive system, excretion and

nervous system

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•  separate se- 2•  usually o,ipar7

•  some ,i,ipar " tissue nematoda)•  partenogenesis

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NEMATODA (CONT’D)

  ature eggs contain lar,a

  Has 8 lar,al stages " infecti,e

stage usually the third stage )  4ar,a has special name 2

Intestinal nematoda 2 rhabditiform

and 9lariform lar,a Tissue nematoda 2 micro9laria% 4(%4&% 4:% 48

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NEMATODA

  Intestinal Nematoda:Community health problem

Doesn’t need intermediate host

Differ in:soil transmitted helminths (!H", ex:

 Ascaris lumbricoides,Necator americanus,

 Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides

stercoralis, Trichuris trichiuranon !H: Oxyuris vermicularis, Trichinella

spiralis

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TISSUE NEMATODA ( THE

FILARIAE)

#ive in tissue and lymphatic system!ransmitted by vector$xample: Wuchereria bancroftitransmitted by CulexLoa-loa ( Chrysops"

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PLATYHELMINTHES

  *lat worms

  Need intermediate host% e-cept

Hymenolepis nana  Intermediate host 2 ( 0 & depend on the

species

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PLATYHELMINTHES

Class Trematoda ( %lu&es ": dorso6,entrally .attened with

acetabulum "suc/ers) digesti,e system 2 in,erted ;shape

Simple ner,ous systemHermaphrodite% e-ceptSchistosoma

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TREMATODA (CONT’D)

  'enital rgan :

ale 2 generally & testes"e-cept Schistosoma)% with,ariation of shape

*emale2 o,arium % uterus and

,itteline gland

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$gg )ith operculum, (except chistosoma"

Containing miracidium

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CLASS CESTODA

Psedophyllidae

Cyclophyllidae

D.latm

!aenia

 Hymenolepis"chinococcs

Dipyllidim

#lticeps

  D. mansoni $ animal%

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PLATYHELMINTHES (CONT’D)   Class Cestoda

 Tape worm% concist of scole- andstrobila

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SCOLEX PROGLOTID

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 PROGLOTID OF TAENIA

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CESTODA (CONT’D)

  3ggs containing lar,a 2

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 SOURCE: GILBERT A. CASTRO

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!han& yo'assalam(alai&m