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    HIEROMARTYR ALPHEGE, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY

    St. Alphege was born in 954 of pious parents, who soon handedhim over to be instructed in literature and the Christian Faith.Seeking a more total commitment, however, the saint abandoned

    his paternal inheritance and, ignoring his mothers tears, enteredthe monaster! of "eerhurst in #loucestershire, whose ancientchurch survives to the present da!. $here, while still an adolescent,he e%celled in pra!er, vigil, fasting and charit!.

    Some !ears later, he went to &ath and built for himself a smallcell in which he lived the life of a hermit with the strictestasceticism. Soon certain nobles started coming to him for confessionand spiritual advice. As his fame increased, donations poured in 'which he immediatel! gave to the poor.

    (thers left the world and sought to live the monastic life underhis direction) and so St. "unstan appointed him abbot of a smallmonaster!, although he had no desire for such a position.

    (n becoming abbot, however, he did not slacken his ascetic wa!of life, and continued to live in his little cell. *e appointed a suitableoverseer to suppl! the material needs of the monaster!, butdecided all important matters himself.

    $he saint warned his monks that their condemnation would be

    the greater if, while professing to be monks and wearing themonastic habit, the! continued to live like men of the world. &ut thisdid not prevent them from indulging in secret nocturnal feasts andorgies. (ne night, however, the leader of the revels was suddenl!struck dead in the middle of a feast. $he saint was, as usual,offering up tearful pra!ers to #od when he heard loud voicescoming from the monaster!. $hinking that thieves had broken in, orthat the brethren were being disturbed b! some demonic ruse, hecame closer. $hen he saw two terrible and foul'looking men beatingthe man who had +ust died with whips and flaming serpents. $o hispathetic pleas for merc! the! replied

    -ou did not obe! #od, so neither shall we obe! !ou.-

    After repeating this several times, the! dragged their captiveawa!.

    /n 904, the bishop of 1inchester, St. 2thelwold, reposed inpeace. /mmediatel! a dissension arose as to who should succeedhim. St. "unstan, the archbishop of Canterbur!, was pra!ing aboutthis when the hol! Apostle Andrew appeared to him and said

    -1h! are !ou sad, beloved3 1h! do !ou tearfull! pour out such

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    mournful complaints3 ise, and place !our hand on Abbot Alphege)and when !ou have anointed him with hol! oil make him the bishopof the widowed Church. And do not allow an! power to stop !ou) forthis decision has issued, not from a man, but from the mouth ofAlmight! #od. And lest / should leave !ou in an! doubt as to the

    identit! of the man speaking with !ou, / am Andrew, the apostle ofthe Son of #od and the most loving guardian of !our salvation.-

    "unstan +o!full! told this vision to ing 2thelred, and when acouncil had been convened ever!one cried out that the! wisheswhat #od wishes and what #ods archbishop should decide. $hentwo bishops, one on either side, led the bishop'elect into the churchto the acclaim of the people.

    -6an! !ears7- the! cried.

    And then he was consecrated. $his took place on (ctober 89./mmediatel! after the consecration, the saint set out to visit his newsee. $he citiens came out to meet him, chanting

    -&lessed is he that cometh in the name of the :ord7-

    *e was enthroned in St. 2thelwolds cathedral in 1inchester on(ctober ;0.

    At 1inchester, as at "eerhurst and &ath, St. Alphege was

    distinguished b! his charit! to others and severit! to himself. Atnight he would go out to pra!, barefoot and thinl! clad even in thecoldest weather. And his bod! was so emaciated b! fasting that, asman! people noticed, his hands when uplifted seemed almosttransparent. At the same time, he attended so carefull! to the needsof the poor that it was said that there were no beggars in1inchester during his episcopate. And man! were the miracleswrought through his intercession.

    Among his good works was his confirmation of the ?orwegian ing (laf $r!gvasson,

    who had been ravaging the countr!side. After being confirmed, ing(laf promised the bishop never to return to 2ngland with warlikeintent. *e then returned to his native land and converted them tothe Christian Faith with the aid of 2nglish bishops and priests.

    (n hearing the fame of Alpheges hol! preaching and life, St."unstan re+oiced and pra!ed to #od that this man, !oung as he was would succeed him inthe primatial see of Canterbur!. And his pra!er was granted, thoughnot immediatel! but onl! eighteen !ears after his own death in 900.

    For in 8@@5, on the death of Archbishop Aelfric, St. Alphege wastranslated from 1inchester to Canterbur! at the age of fift!'two.

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    A few da!s later, the saint set out for ome to receive thearchbishops pallium from the ope. *e entered a town +ust inside/tal! and rested for a while. &ut the citiens, noticing that the! had astranger in their midst, broke into his house and stole all his goods,driving him out with blows and insults. 1ith admirable e=uanimit!,

    the saint set out on his return +ourne!. *e had not gone far whenthe towns ramparts suddenl! caught fire, showering burning asheson the neighbouring houses and threatening the citiens withdestruction. $he! rushed out into the streets and watched helplessl!as the flames rose higher and spread further. $hen, coming to theirsenses, the! realied that the fire was #ods vengeance on them fortheir maltreatment of the hol! man. $he! rushed after him andtearfull! begged him to return.

    -:et us return,- he said, -that we ma! see the fire from closer=uarters.-

    1hen he saw the fire, his e!es filled with tears and he pra!ed to#od. Suddenl! the flames were suspended in mid'air, and the firewhich had spread through man! houses was found outside the townwalls. ecogniing the author of the miracle, the townspeopleflowed out to him like a stream with gifts in their hands. &ut Alphegereplied

    -eep what is !ours) / am satisfied with m! own things. (nl! donot cast out strangers from !our homes. eceive all who come to

    !ou and look after them. #od dwells in good men, and therefore it isgood for one person to receive another in whom #od dwells. &ut if!our estimate turns out to be mistaken, and the man whom !ouconsidered to be religious is found to be the opposite, !ou will notlose !our reward. For #od honours the good intention.-

    Finall!, the saint arrived in ome and sought an audience withthe ope. $he! spoke together, and the ope came to love him somuch that he honoured him publicl! in the presence of the omanSenate. (ne da!, the saint was saddened in countenance. Surprisedat this, his companions came to him, one after the other, seeking

    the reason for his grief.

    -?o'one,- he said, -will see me happ! toda!) for he whosucceeded me at 1inchester has died.-

    $his was difficult to believe, since no'one had come with newsfrom 2ngland. &ut on the other hand, it was eas! to believe) for thesaint had never been known to lie. $he ope and the Archbishopsaid goodb!e to each other and parted, both +o!ful and sad. Andwhen Alphege had alread! crossed the Alps, a group of 2nglish

    nobilit! on the wa! to ome came up to him and, in answer to hisin=uir!, said that the bishop of 1inchester had died on the ver! da!

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    on which the saint had been so sad. $henews of this further demonstration of the saints supernatural giftsspread throughout 2ngland.

    $he nations morale was at a ver! low ebb when the saint

    returned. $he "anes were ravaging the land with fire and sword,and the tribute offered them b! the king onl! seemed to increasetheir greed. "esertions from the arm! were commonplace) andsometimes even noblemen with their ships +oined the other side.$he king with his councillors, including St. Alphege, passed lawsstrengthening ecclesiastical discipline and penaliing traitors, withthe death penalt! ordained for those who should plot against thekings life. And in 8@@0 the archbishop and his s!nod proclaimed theda! of the mart!rdom of ing 2dward, the kings half'brother, anational feastda! ' another clear warning to potential traitors andking'killers.

    *owever, the sad stor! continued, with indecision, incompetenceand treacher! the order of the da!. $hus -when the enem! was inthe east,- bemoaned $he Anglo'Sa%on Chronicle, -then our levieswere mustered in the west) and when the! were in the south, thenour levies were in the north. $hen all the councillors weresummoned to the king, for a plan for the defence of the realm hadto be devised then and there. &ut whatever course of action wasdecided upon it was not followed for a single month. /n the endthere was no leader who was willing to raise levies, but each fled as

    =uickl! as he could) nor even in the end would one shire helpanother.-

    $he upshot of all this was that in 8@8B ing 2thelred was forcedto go into e%ile through the treacher! of his sub+ects. 2ven worse,perhaps, than this was the treacher! which led to the death of St.Alphege the !ear before. $he stor! was as follows.

    /n the autumn of 8@88 the "anes besieged Canterbur! andsacked it. $he! were helped, on the one hand, b! Abbot 2lfmar ofCanterbur!, who, though he owed his life to St. Alphege, now turned

    against him and his fellow citiens) and, on the other, b! Alderman2dric Streona of 6ercia. 2dric had come to be involved in the sack ofCanterbur! through his brother, a proud and cruel man whoslandered the nobilit! of Canterbur! in the kings presence and thenviolentl! burned their inheritance. &ut the! rose up and killed him,burning down his house. 2dric demanded vengeance from the kingfor his brothers death) but the king refused, sa!ing that his brotherhad been +ustl! punished. $hen 2dric, determined to avenge hisbrother, collected an arm! of ten thousand well'armed men.ealiing, however, that these forces were insufficient, he came to

    an agreement with the "anes whereb!, in e%change for their help,

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    the! would retain the north of 2ngland in the case of victor! whilehe held the south.

    6eanwhile, St. Alphege had been preaching, redeeming captives,feeding the hungr! and even converting man! of the invaders. $his

    was another reason wh! the "anes were eager to unite with 2dricagainst the men of Canterbur!. And as the! approached the cit!from Sandwich, the people fled to the cathedral, convinced thatthe! were safe there. $he nobilit!, meanwhile, urged St. Alphege toflee. &ut he refused, sa!ing that he had no intention of being ahireling. $hen he gathered the people together and e%horted themto have courage and patience, setting before them the triumphs ofthe mart!rs. Finall!, having blessed them and communicated themin the *ol! 6!steries, he dismissed them in peace, commendingthem all to the protection of #od.

    $he enem! came and laid siege to the cit!. (n the twentieth da!,the saint sent to the "anes, e%horting them to desist from theirpurpose and warning them that when a father wishes to beat hissons, he afterwards throws the stick into the fire. /n a similar wa!#od would punish the "anes even after using them to chastie the2nglish.

    &ut the 2nglish traitors under 2dric were onl! the more incited tocruelt! b! the sight of their fellow countr!mens distress. $he! setfire to the houses, and soon, fanned b! a strong south wind, the fire

    spread ever!where. $orn between whether to sta! on the rampartsand defend the cit!, or rush down to their houses, the citiens finall!chose the latter course. And soon the! were dragging beloved wivesand children out of the burning houses ' onl! to see themimmediatel! cut down b! the swords of the enem!. For now that theramparts were unguarded the! were able to enter unhindered, with such a terrible clamour of trumpets andvoices that it seemed as if the cit! were being shaken to itsfoundations.

    -?o'one who was not a spectator of that calamit!,- writes the

    saints biographer, (sbern of Canterbur!, -would know how todescribe the realit! of it, and the wretchedness of its confusion ofevils. Some had their throats cut, others perished in the flames, stillmore were thrown over the walls. (thers, shameful to relate, werehung up b! their private parts and e%pired thus. :adies moredistinguished than others b! their nobilit! were dragged through thestreets of the cit! because the! could not produce treasures whichthe! did not possess. Finall! the! were thrown into the flames anddied. $he cruelt! was especiall! savage against those under age)while babes were ripped out of their mothers womb or pierced

    through with spears or crushed to pieces under waggon wheels...

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    -$he venerable prelate, unable to bear so man! deaths amonghis spiritual children, suddenl!, while he was surrounded b! a crowdof weeping monks in the church of the Saviour, slipped out of thehands of those restraining him, rushed to a place full of corpses,

    hurled himself amidst a dense mass of the enem! and with groanscried out

    -*ave pit!, have pit!7 And if !ou recognie !ourselves to bemen, put an end to !our persecution of the innocent7 /nstead ofthese, take me, who, to increase the Christian people, despoiled !ouof man! a soldier, and who, with unrestrained lips, alwa!scondemned the crimes of !our impiet!7-

    /nnumerable hands seied him, stopped his mouth, bound hishands, scratched his face with their nails, punched and kicked himin the sides. $he man of #od uttered not a sound, but his lips movedas if he were speaking to #od. $hen he was forced to witness deathafter death in front of his ver! e!es so that he might suffer ever!torment, whether in his own person or in the persons of those whomhe mourned.

    $hen the "anes came to the cathedral church of the Saviour.$he! set fire to it, and soon molten lead from the roof was seepinginto the building. Covering their heads with their palls, the weepingmonks ran out of all the doors of the building, onl! to be cut down

    b! the swords of the soldiers waiting outside.

    (ut of the eight thousand inhabitants of Canterbur!, onl! fourmonks and some eight hundred others survived the sack. $hesurvivors, after suffering blows and wounds, were either +udgedworth! of being ransomed ' these included &ishop #odwin ofochester, Abbess :eofrun of St. 6ildreds and all the clerg! e%ceptAbbot 2lfmar of St. Augustines monaster! ' or weresold into slaver!.

    $he archbishop had seen his people slaughtered, the cit! burned

    down and the cathedral church of Christ the Saviour profaned anddevastated. ?ow he was bound and dragged through the north gateof the cit!. $here la! the survivors with stocks on their feet andunder militar! guard. (n seeing him, the! all groaned and wept andraised their hands to heaven in pra!er. &ut then, as the saint stoodstrengthening their shattered souls in pra!er, he was given aferocious blow between the shoulders, so that his shoulder was cutopen and blood poured over his whole bod!. 2ven the "anes werehorrified. $hen he was led from the cit! to the ships, from the shipsto the prison, from the prison to the +udge, and finall! back to the

    prison, which was dark, narrow and full of frogs. $here he remainedunder a guard of twelve soldiers for another seven months. $he

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    "anes offered him freedom in e%change for mone! from theChurchs patrimon!) but he refused. And so, as ascha of the !ear8@8; approached, the saint was still in prison, celebrating theassion of Christ as he was able, in humilit! and contrition of heart.

    -$hen was he a captive,- wrote theAnglo-Saxon Chronicle, -whohad been the head of 2ngland and of Christendom. $here couldmiser! be seen where often bliss was seen before, in that unhapp!cit!, whence Christianit! came first to us, and both spiritual andearthl! bliss...-

    6eanwhile, the wrath of #od was falling upon the "anes. $wothousand of their soldiers fell ill of a terrible internal malad! anddied shortl! after) while man! others, similarl! struck, awaiteddeath. $he Christians advised them to recognie their crime againstChrist, to confess, weep and make amends to the archbishop. &utthe! did not accept this advice, attributing their misfortunes to theinstabilit! of Chance rather than the will of #od. &ut death reignedover all those who had planned to kill the archbishop greatnumbers of them were attacked, tormented and wasted awa! b! aterrible pain in the bowels. 6eanwhile, a great fear of deathovercame the living. Finall! the! ran to the captive saint, bewailedtheir sins with tears, and besought him to pra! to #od on theirbehalf.

    /t was *ol! $hursda!, the da! on which the :ord gave *is 6ost

    ure &od! and &lood to *is disciples. St. Alphege was brought out ofprison and honourabl! seated in the magistrates chair. *e told the"anes that their terrible cruelt! did not merit them a pardon, butthat he was determined to imitate the e%ample of his :ord, 1hogave hol! bread even to the man who betra!ed *im and forgavethose who crucified *im.

    -$herefore,- he said, -forgetting the burning of the cit!, thein+uries which have been inflicted upon m!self, !our past impiet!,and the slaughter of the innocents, / shall intercede for m! torturersas *e interceded with the Father for those who crucified *im. So

    take this bread ' it will immediatel! heal !ou. (nl!, when !ou haveeaten and obtained health in accordance with !our desire, givesolemn thanks to the Saviour, or !ou will remain more guilt! ofblasphem!.-

    $hen he blessed bread and gave to them. $he! were all healed.From *ol! $hursda! to *ol! Saturda! no'one died.

    Seeing this, the leaders of the "anes sent four of their militar!commanders to the saint. $he! thanked him, but then said that the!

    would give him life and libert! in e%change for a ransom of si%t!talents of silver weighing fift! pounds, together with his services in

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    persuading the king to pa! another two hundred talents as the priceof a truce between the two nations. $he saint refused, sa!ing thatthe embass! was illegal and their demands impossible. $he! weremistaken if the! thought he would rob the Church or betra! thehonour of his king and countr! to satisf! their avarice.

    -/t is not done for a Christian to hand over Christian flesh to bedevoured b! pagan teeth.-

    $he "anes came to him a second time, asking him ' in a gentlermanner this time ' to affi% his seal to an order authoriing thedespoliation of the estates of the Church, in e%change for which hewould be redeemed. Again the saint refused, citing the e%ample ofthe hol! 6art!r :aurence of ome, who, on being entrusted with thetreasures of the Church, gave them awa! to the poor lest the!should fall into the hands of the persecutors.

    -/f St. :aurence gave what was not theirs to the poor, how can /take what is theirs from the poor3

    $hen the! raged terribl!, gnashing on him with their teeth, anddecided to carr! out the sentence that had been passed on him.?ew tortures were applied) but he remained immovable. $hen, inthe night of Frida! of &right 1eek, the devil devised a different andsubtler means of breaking the saints resistance. *aving caused theguards to fall into a light sleep, he appeared to him in the form of an

    angel of light, declaring that for the sake of the common good hewas going to lead the saint out of the s=ualor of the prison.

    -Fear not the stigma of cowardice,- he said) -!ou are not moresublime than eter, nor stronger than aul. $he one was deliveredfrom prison b! an angel, and the other was let down in a basket.Christ *imself slipped out of the hands of those who were going tostone *im, and commanded *is disciples to flee in time ofpersecution.-

    "eceived b! these words, the saint followed the deceiver out of

    the prison. &ut when the! had crossed several water'logged fields inthe thick darkness, the devil suddenl! disappeared. ealiing hiserror, the saint groaned and threw himself down in the middle of themarshes, cr!ing with tears to the :ord

    -( #iver of life, ( onl! #uide of the race of Adam, wh! hast $houdeprived me of $h! grace in m! old age when $hou never didstleave me in the prime of life3 $hou hast mercifull! preserved me forso long, and dost $hou now cast me awa! in the e%tremit! of life3 ($hou 1ho art all / desire, all that / long to en+o!, what use is it to

    have triumphed in battle throughout the long da!, but at the end ofit to be con=uered and deprived of the fruits of victor!3 (r what

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    praise is it to have embarked on the vo!age and escaped shipwreckin the middle of the sea, onl! to suffer the shipwreck of une%pecteddeath on the shore3 *ow man! times have / found $hee to be m!Saviour in the shipwrecks of life7 ?ow, / beseech $hee, send meconsolation in this snare of the devil, a helper in troubles and

    tribulations.-

    -At evening shall weeping find lodging, but in the morningre+oicing- . And -the angel of the :ord shall encampround about them that fear *im, and will deliver them- . $hus it was for the man of #od. For as dawn arose, a !oungman adorned in golden splendour stood before him, and asked himwhere he was fleeing to. $he bishop replied that he was not fleeing,but had obe!ed the voice of a "ivine command.

    -$hat was no "ivine command,- said the angel, -but a device ofthe devil. *e did not wish so much to lead !ou out of prison as toseduce !ou once outside. eturn, therefore, to !our place, where acrown is laid up for !ou in heaven. $omorrow the Father will honour!ou, and !ou will be eternall! in the greatest honour in the heavenswith *is Son.-

    $he saint therefore returned to the place of contest and +o!full!awaited the hour in which he would receive his crown from #od.

    $he hour drew near, and a crowd of turbulent men burst into the

    prison, seied him, showered him with man! blows, breaking hisskull, and finall! thrust him into the place where all the refuse wasthrown out and burned.

    6ost of the night had passed and on the Saturda! after ascha,April 89, 8@8;, was beginning to dawn. Suddenl! St. "unstanappeared to the man of #od, his face and vestments shininggloriousl!, amidst sweet'smelling fragrance and the mellifluouschants of the saints. Stretching out his hands to St. Alphege, heannounced to him his forthcoming death and the reward of eternallife laid up for him. $hen his bonds were loosed, his wounds closed

    and his whole bod! was restored to perfect health.

    (n seeing these things, the guards were terrified. $he! told theirfellows, who came rushing up to see the manifestation of #odsgrace. $hen the leaders of the "anish arm!, seeing their mendeserting in droves to the man of #od, hastil! passed the sentenceof death upon him, lest the! should lose more through him thanthrough a multitude of e%ternal enemies. $he saint was bound andled to the place of +udgement under a large armed guard. A greatcrowd of the faithful followed him, weeping and mourning. &ut he

    besought them not to hinder his struggle against the prince of thisworld, but to help him b! their pra!ers.

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    *e was onl! an arrows flight awa! when a vast murmur wentthrough the whole council

    -#ive us gold, bishop, or toda! !ou will be a spectacle to the

    world.-

    $he bishop was silent for a while from e%haustion, and stood still,supported reverentl! b! the hands of his own people. $hen, havingrecovered his breath, he replied

    D/ offer !ou the gold of "ivine wisdom. Abandon the vanit! which!ou love, and devote !our eal to the one living, true and eternal#od. &ut if !ou obstinatel! despise the counsel of #od which isannounced to !ou through me, !ou will suffer a worse fate than thedeath of Sodom.-

    At that, the mob, unable to withstand the force of his words andfoaming with rage, +umped up from their seats. *owever, $hurkill,one of the "anish leaders, on seeing the wicked men gathering theirweapons to kill the saint, ran =uickl! and said

    -"o not do this, / beg !ou. / will give to all of !ou with a willingheart gold and silver and all that / have here or can get b! an!means, e%cept onl! m! ship, on condition that !ou do not sinagainst the :ords Anointed.-

    :ater, $hurkill, who had interceded for St. Alphege, together withfort!'five of his ships transferred his allegiance from the "anes tothe 2nglish and became a Christian. &ut the unbridled anger of hiscomrades, harder than iron or stone, was not softened b! suchgentle words. $he! knocked the saint down with the backs of theirbattle'a%es, and then stoned him with the heads of o%en andshowers of stones and blocks of woods. &ut he, bending his rightknee on the earth, pra!ed thus

    -( :ord Eesus, (nl!'begotten Son of the 6ost *igh Father, 1ho

    camest into the world through the womb of an incorrupt irgin tosave sinners, receive me in peace and have merc! on these men.-

    $hen, falling to the earth and rising again, he said

    -( #ood Shepherd, ( onl! Shepherd, look with compassion onthe sons of the Church, whom /, d!ing, commend to $hee.-

    $hen a man named $hrum, whom the saint himself had receivedfrom the font of *ol! &aptism, seeing him in agon! and on the edge

    of death, took his a%e and clove his head through, thereb! releasinghis soul to eternal glor!.

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    /mmediatel! one of the "anish leaders was crippled in his limbs,and realied that he had sinned against Christs elect, as it iswritten -engeance is 6ine, / will repa!, saith the :ord- .

    St. Alphege was mart!red at #reenwich, to the east of :ondon,on the south bank of the river $hames. And the leaders of the "anesnow threw his bod! into the river. &ut then a crowd of people whohad been taught b! him took arms, determined to die rather than toallow the bod! through which the! had received the m!ster! of *ol!&aptism to be submerged in water. And so the! guarded it, allowingit neither to be submerged nor to be buried. $hen representatives ofboth parties met to resolve the dispute, and an agreement wasreached. $he "anes said

    -:ook at this branch cut off from an ash'tree with neither sap norbark. /f we smear this with his blood and find it flowering in themorning, then we shall agree that we have killed a hol! andrighteous man, and !ou can bur! him with honour. &ut if the woodremains dr!, then we shall sa! that !ou have erred in !our love forhim and the decision about what to do with the bod! will be ours.-

    $he ne%t morning the dr! wood was putting forth leaves. Seeingthis, the "anes rushed to the hol! bod!, embraced it with tears andgroans, and then, taking it upon their shoulders, brought it to the

    tree in triumph. *ere innumerable miracles took place the sickwere healed, the blind were given their sight, the deaf their hearing,the dumb their tongues. $hen at the place of mart!rdom a churchwas built , and a multitude ofleading "anes were baptied and received into the bosom of the*ol! Church. Finall!, &ishops 2dnoth and Alfhun and the citiens of:ondon received his hol! bod!, and brought it to :ondon with allreverence, and buried it in St. auls church, where miraclescontinued to the mart!rs glor!.

    (n Eune 0, 8@;B, St. Alpheges bod! was placed in an adorned

    ro!al barge, and then, escorted b! the "anish ing Canute,Archbishop 2thelnoth of Canterbur! and other bishops and earls,was taken across the $hames first to Southwark and then toochester. *ere the procession was +oined b! Gueen 2mma and herson, and -with much state and re+oicing and h!mns of praise- therelics were conve!ed to Canterbur!. (n Eune 85, the relics wereenshrined b! the bishops and clerg!.-

    Soon both dates ' that of his mart!rdom, and that of histranslation ' were entered into the calendar of the 2nglish Church.

    &ut soon after the ?orman Con=uest, his sanctit! and status as amart!r was =uestioned b! the first papist archbishop of Canterbur!,

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