Identifiacion de Murcielagos Pine

7/26/2019 Identifiacion de Murcielagos Pine

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KEYS TO THE BATS OF JAMAICA, HISPANIOLA

AND PUERTO RICO BASED ON GROSS

EXTERNAL CHARACTERS

R O N A L D H. P I N E*

Mammal Identification Service,Division of Mammals,

National Museum of Natural History,

Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D. C. 20560

ABSTRACT: Keys to the chiropteran faunae of Jamaica, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico arepresented. The keys are written in non-technical language and use obvious characters of the

external morphology.

IN T R O D U C T I O N

A number of requests for assistance in

the identification of bats of the Greater

Anti l les were received by the Mammal

I den t i f i c a t ion Se r v i ce . T hese r eques t s

w e r e o f t e n m a d e i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h

public health investigations. The requests

r e su l t ed in t he wor k p r e sen ted he r e .

There is a great need for keys to mam-

mals wri t ten in non-technical language.

Such keys a r e o f use to non- spec i a l -

ists and to specialists as well. A key which

can be used to identify l iving animals,

freshly killed animals, animals preserved

in fluid or prepared as skins are to be es-

pecially desired. It is hoped that the keys

presented below will meet these needs. The

keys are intended for easy use by anyone

literate in English. More economy of paper

and ink could have been realized by unit-

ing the keys to the bats of the three is-

lands into one but a single key would have

* Institute for Environmental Awareness,Department of Leisure and EnvironmentalResources Administration, George WilliamsCollege, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515

been more complicated and potentially con-fusing in use. Bat species believed to be

m er el y accid entals ( s t r agg le r s f r om

other islands or the mainland) or to have

been reported from the islands as the re-

sult of error are not included in the keys.

Species known only as fossils or subfos-

sils are also excluded.

Users of the key should keep in mind

that the names of at least some of the bats

ment ioned be low can be expec ted to

change. In addition, it is not unlikely thatthere are more kinds of bats living on one

or more of the islands than we know of at

p res en t. Acciden tals c an be ex pe ct ed

from t ime to t ime also. Unfor tunately,

those species which are unaccounted for in

the following keys could probably be iden-

tified (actually misidentified) by means

of the keys because characters that separ-

ate them from bats known from the three

islands were not taken into account in con-

struction of the keys.


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10 R. H. PINE

The keys work best for adults and when

measurements are used as key characters

one should know whether or not the bat

in quest ion is immature . In inmmature

bats the finger joints are swollen and elon-

gate, appear ing rather spindle-shaped.

Dried wings of immature animals usually

show obviously unfused bony elements( ep iphyse s ) i n t he jo in t s . T he f inge r

joints of adults are knob-shaped rather

than spindle-shaped. Dried wings of adults

may show bony lumps at the joints but

these are attached to the long finger bones

and are not separate elements.

KEY TO THE BATS OF JAMAICA

1. a.) With tail (tail may be very short, embedded

in membrane and noticeable only on close

inspection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

l. b.) Without tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2. a.) Membrane between legs

heavily furred . . . . . . . . Ar it eus fl avesce ns

2. b.) Membrane between legs virtuully

naked . . . .Art ibeus jamaicens is jamaicens is

3. a.) With noseleaf that is to say, with a free

flap extending from upper edge of nose. . 4

3. b.) Without noseleaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4. a.) With large ears united (grown

together) across top of

head . . . . . . . Macrotus waterhous ii jamaicens is

4. b.) Ears not so large, not united. . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5. a.) Tail not reaching edge of membrane

between legs but perforating its dorsalsurface. . Glossophaga soricina antilludarurn

5. b.) Tail projecting beyond edge of membrane

between legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6. a.) Fur brownish above and fur on

belly contrastingly tipped with silvery

or cream. . . Mo noph yl lu s re dman i re dman i

6. b.) Fur brownish, reddish or yellowish above

without marked contrastingly paler tips to fur

below (although fur may be paler beneath)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Erophy lla sezekorni syops

7. a.) Pad on end of snout giving pig-like

appearance . . . . . . . Phyllonycteris aphylla

7. b.) Snout without pad giving pig-likeappearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6. a.) Tail perforating dorsal surface of membrane

between legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

8. b.) Tail not perforating dorsal surface of mem-

brane between legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

9. a.) Upper lip deeply doubly cleft, feet and claws

enormously enlarged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noctil io leporinus mastivus

9. b.) Upper lip not deeply doubly cleft. feet and

claws not enormously enlarged . . 10

10. a.) Lower lip thrown into grotesque folds.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mormoops blainvill ii

10. b.) Lower lip a pebbled plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

11. a.) Large (forearm of adult 50 millimeters ormore). . . Pteronotus parnellii parnellii

11. b.) Smaller (forearm of adult less than 50

millimeters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

12. a.) Forearm of adult 40 millimeters or more. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pteronotus macleayii grisea

12. b.) Forearm of adult less than 40 millimeters. .

. . . . . . . . . Pteronotus fuliginous fuliginosus

13. a.) About 1/3 to 1/2 of tail projecting freely

beyond edge of membrane between legs. . . . 14

13. b.) Tip of tail not projecting freely beyond edge

of membrane between legs or merely the

extreme tip so projecting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

14. a.) Lips heavily wrinkled.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...1514. b.) Lips not wrinkled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

15. a.) Ears united (grown together) at bases over

top of head . . . . . . . . Tadarida macrotis

15. b.) Ears not united (grown together) at bases

(although practically meeting) over top of

head . . . . . . . . Tadarida brasiliensis murina

16.*a.) Larger (forearm of adult over 53 milli-

meters . . . . . . . . Eumo ps glaucinus glaucinus

16. b.) Smaller (forearm of adult less than

53 millimeters) . Molossus moolossus mil ler i

17. a.) Membrane between legs manifestlyhairy . . . . . . . . Lasiurus boreal is degelidus

17. b.) Membrane between legs naked or virtually so 1816. a.) Ear forming funnel practically enclosing eye 19

16. b.) Ear unremarkable . . . . . . . . Ep te sicus ly nn i

19. a ) Lower lip with deep groove, forearm of adult

less than 40 millimeters. . Na ta lu s mi cropus

19. b.) Lower lip with shallow invagination, forearm

o f a d u l t m o r e t h a n 4 0 m i l l i m e t e r s .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natalus major jamaicens is

*Eumops aur ipendulus aur ipendulus now also knownfrom Jamaica is blackish brown on back with some-what paler roots instead of paler brown with dis-tinctly whitish roofs as E. g. glacinus.

KEY TO THE BATS OF HISPANIOLA

1. a.) With tail (tail may be very short, completely

imbedded in membrane and noticeable only

on close inspection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

l. b.) Without tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2. a.) With white spot on

shouder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phyllops haitiensis

2. b.) Without white spat on

shoulder. Ar ti be us ja maic ensi s ja maic en si s

3. a.) With noseleaf that is to say, with a free

flap exending from upper edge of nose. 4

3. b.) Without noseleaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...6

4. a.) With large ears united (grown together)

across top of head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . Macrotus waterhousii waterhous ii

4. b.) Ears not so large, not united. . . . . . . . . . . 5

5. a.) Fur dark gray-brown on back, contrastingly

tipped with silvery or cream below. . . . . . .

. . . . . . Monophyllus redmani clinedaphus5. b.) Fur yellowish or reddish brown on back and

without contrastingly pale tips to fur below

Erophy lla bombif rons santacris tobalensis

6. a.) Pad on end of snout giving pig-like

appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76. b.) No pad on end of snout which gives pig-like

appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

7. a.) Tail short, visible only on close inspection,does not reach edge of abbreviated mem-

brane between legs and is completely en-

closed within it . . . . . . . Brachyphylla nana


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KEYS TO THE BATS OF JAMAICA 11

7. b.) Tail short but projecting beyond edge of ab-

breviated membrane between legs. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . Phyllonycteris poeyi obtusa


between legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

8. b.) Tail not perforating dorsal surface of mem.

brane between legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

9. a.) Upper lip deeply doubly cleft, feet and claws

enormously enlarged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noctilio leporinus mastivus

9. b.) Upper lip not deeply doubly cleft, feet and

claws not enormously enlarged . . . . . . 10

10. a.) Lower lip thrown into grotesque

folds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mormoops blainvillii

10. b.) Lower lip a pebbled plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

11. a.) Smaller (forearm of adult measuring about.

3840 millimeters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . Pteronotus fuliginous fuliginous

11. b.) Larger (forearm of adult measuring 5055

millimeters) . . Pteronotus parnellii pusillus

12. a.) About 1/3 to 1/2 of tail projecting freely be-

yond edge of membrane between legs . . . . . 1312. b.) Tip of tail not projecting freely beyond edge


extreme tip so projecting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

13. a.) Lips heavily wrinkled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

13. b) Lips not wrinkled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Molossus molossus verril li14. a.) Ears united (grown together) at bases over

top of head . . . . . . . . . . . . Tadarida macrotis14. b.) Ears not united (grown together) at bases

(although practically meeting) over top of

head . . . . . Tadarida brasiliensis constanzae15. a.) Legs as long as or longer

than forearm . . . . . . Na ta lus major major

15. b.) Legs manifestly shorter than forearm . . . . . 1616. a.) Membrane between legs

hairy . . . . . . . . . . . . Lasiurus borealis minor16. b.) Membrane between legs

naked . . . . . . . .Eptesicus fuscus hispaniolae

KEY TO THE BATS OF PUERTO RICO

1. a.) With tail (tail may be very short, completely

imbedded in membrane and visible only on

close inspection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

l. b.) Without tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

2. a.) With white spot on

shoulder . . S t e n o d e r m a r u f u m d a r i o i

2. b.) Without white spot on

shoulder. . . .Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicencis3. a.) With noseleaf that is to say, with a free

flap extending from upper edge of nose. . 4

3. b.) Without noseleaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4. a.) Fur smoky-brown above and fur on belly

contrastingly tipped with silvery or cream.

. . . . . . . .Monophyl lus redmani portoricensis

4. b.) Fur pale brown, reddish or yellowish on back

without contrastingly paler tips to fur below

. . . . . . . . Erophylla bombifrons bambifrons

5. a.) Pad on end of snout giving pig-like appear.

ante, tail short, visible only on close inspec-

tion, not reaching edge of membrane be-

tween legs and completely enclosed within it

. . . . . Brachyphylla cavernarum intermedia

5. b.) Snout not pig-like, tail perforating dorsal

surface of membrane between legs, reaching

rear edge of membrane or projecting be-

yond it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6


between legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

6. b.) Tail not perforating dorsal surface of mem-

brane between legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...10

7. a.) Upper lip deeply daubly cleft, feet and claws

enormously enlarged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . Noct il io leporinus mastivus7. b.) Upper lip not deeply doubly cleft, feet and

claws not enormously enlarged . . 8

8. a.) Lower lip thrown into grotesque

folds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mormoops blainvillii

8. b.) Lower lip a pebbled plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

9. a.) Smaller (forearm of adult measuring 3640

millimeters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . Pteronotus fuliginous fuliginous

9. b.) Larger (forearm of adult measuring 5055

millimeters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .. . . . . Pteronotus parnellii portoricensis

10. a.) About 1/3 to 1/2 of tail projecting freely

beyond edge of membrane between legs. . 11

10. b.) Tip of tail not projecting freely beyond edge


extreme tip so projecting . . . . . . . . 12

11. a.) Lips heavily wrinkled, dorsal hairs without

white bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . Tadarida brasiliensis antillularum

11. b.) Lips without wrinkles, dorsal hairs white-

based . . . . . . . . . . Molossus molassus fortis

12. a.) Fur on back chocolate brown, with nakedmembrane between legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eptesicus fuscus wetmore i

12. b.) Fur an back reddish, yellowish or maroon

with hairy membrane between legs. . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . Lasiurus borealis minor

A CKNOWLEDGMENTS

Dr. Karl F. Koopman of the American

Museum of Natural History examined por-

tions of the manuscript and made valuable

information available to me. Margaret Se-

lenis helped with edit ing of the manu-

script. The research upon which this pub-

lication is based was performed pursuant

to Contract No. PH 43-67-59 with the Na-

tional Institutes of Health, Public Health

Service, Department of Health, Education

and Welfare.


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Identifiacion de Murcielagos Pine