Infocom 10. ea. 2011. nov.21. Infocom Systems Kommunikációs rendszerek alapjai 10. előadás Services -- Szolgáltatások Takács György

Infocom 10. ea. 2011. nov.21.

Infocom SystemsKommunikációs rendszerek

alapjai10. előadás

Services -- Szolgáltatások

Takács György


Alapigazságok az infokommunikációban

• Eddig hálózatokról tanultunk• Csak szolgáltatást lehet eladni (hálózatot nem)!• Hálózat nélkül nincs elektronikus kommunikációs szolgáltatás!• A hálózatépítés és üzemeltetés minden költségét a fogyasztók

fizetik meg a szolgáltatás árában!• Nagyon sokat költünk – önként – elektronikus kommunikációs

szolgáltatásokra (többet, mint élelmiszerre és italra)!• A mérnök-informatikus olyan az elektronikus kommunikációs

szolgáltatásokban, mint a nyomdász a könyvszakmában (nem ő írja a regényt, a verset, nem ő rajzolja a képeket….. ). A mérnök-informatikus felel a hatékony, pontos, hiteles információ átvitelért, szolgáltatásért!


Value chain in infocommunications

DistributionContentContent and

servicepackaging

Presentation/gateway

End-userdevices


Shift in the value chain

ComponentSuppliers

End-usersof telecomservices

New competitors(EDS, IBM, etc.)

Telecomoperators

Telecom(Infocom)Suppliers


The detailed electronic communication value chain

DistributionContentContent and

servicepackaging

Presentation/gateway

End-userdevices

Services and applications

Systems and platforms

Components and subsystems


Roles in service provision I.Electronic communication activity: transmission of

messages in the form of electronic signals. • Messages: speech, voice, music, text, picture, video, data file,

multimedia file etc.

• Distance issues????• Is a simple telephone call within a building an electronic

communication activity? • Is the receiving of the radio signals from a far-far star an

electronic communication activity? • Is the opening the garage door by a radio controller an

electronic communication activity? • Is the leasing of a dark fibre an electronic communication

activity?

Electronic communication service: activity for other entity for fees (service, facility, feature).


Roles in service provision II.

• Requirements concerning electronic communication activity: – content fidelity (depending on message type , speech <>

data, bandwidth <> bit error rate)– acceptable delay (depending on message type, isochronous

services are sensitive on delay and jitter)

• Requirements concerning electronic communication services:– services for real demand of users,– affordable price (Iridium, HDTV!!),– high penetration (be attractive for many users),– user friendly services (easy to use, react quickly),– continuous availability.


Name Totallines

Opt. View dist.

Asp. ratio Freq.

HDTV/USA

1050 2,5H 16/9 8 MHz

HDTV/EUROPE

1250 2,4H 16/9 9 MHz

PAL 625 6H 4/3 5,5 MHz



Roles in service provision III.

• Traditional players in the electronic communication services:– network operators,– service providers,– Operator partners (e.g.. Access providers, collocation providers),– Wholesale and retail partners,– End users, subscribers, who pay all the bills for the value chain

• Other players in electronic communication services :– Content providers,– Content and service packagers,– Service and application brokers


Roles in service provision IV.

Electronic communication service categories based on user group:

– public services (available for anyone, based on uniform service conditions, subscriber contracts),

– closed users group services (CUG), CENTREX, virtual private network (VPN)

– Interconnection services and access services (services for other service providers).

ATTENTION!!! The network issues are different!!! The public network can support CUG and a private network can be part of public cervices....


Service structures I.

• Teleservices • Bearer services


Service structures II.

• Teleservices– Defined at user

interface– Providing full

communication between users,

– E.g. telephone service, telefax service, emergency calls, SMS services…..

• Bearer services– Defined at network

interface– Providing signal

transmission capabilities between network access points

– E.g. 64 kbit/s unrestricted, structured circuit mode bearer service, packet mode bearer service


Service structures III.

• Teleservices from provider point of view:– Basic services (mandatory service elements with

minimal quality requirements e.g. real time, understandable…..)

– Supplementary services (to make basic services even more usable, e.g. call transfer, conference call, automatic call beck on busy, wake up services, least cost routing services, credit card based call……

– Value added services (e.g. bank transaction by phone, televoting, telephone based donation, position based services …..)


Service structures IV.

• Teleservices from user point of view:– Interactive services (telephone, videoconference ...)– Messaging services (voice mail, e-mail ...)– Retrieval services (account balance retrieval, time table …)– Distribution services ( cable TV, personalized news by fax …)


Service structures V.

• Teleservices/voice:– Interactive services (telephone, teleconference (voice) ...)– Message handling services (voice mail…..)– Retrieval services ( account balance retrieval, time tables…)– Distribution services (telephone news…..)


Service structures VI.

• Teleservices / data and still pictures:– Interactive services (interconnection two PC for big distance,

POS transaction)– Message handling services (telex, EDI, e-mail ...)– Retrieval services (WEB browse….)– Distribution services ( teletext … )


Service structures VII.

• Teleservices / video:– interactive services (videoconference, telepresence ...)– Message handling services (MMS ...)– Retrieval services (… downloading films….)– Distribution services ( cable TV … )


Cisco TelePresence


Cisco TelePresence


Service structures VIII.

• Teleservices / multimedia:– Interactive services (videoconference for medical consultation

including EKG, EEG, X-ray transmission, multimedia games...)– Message handling services (MMS….)– Retrieval services (… downloading multimedia shows …)– Distribution services (video on demand, pay per view … )


Service structures IX.

• Network and terminal requirements:Voice, music, video

-- Sensitive on delay (max. 300ms)– Sensitive on jitter (max 30 ms)– Sensitive on video/voice synchrony (lip-sync)– Error tolerant, (bit error rate 10-3 acceptable!!!)

Games

-- Sensitive on delay (max. 10 ms)

-- sensitive on error

Data, still picture

-- sensitive on error (BER min. 10-6 , error control

-- delay and jitter tolerant (www=world wide waiting)


Interactive services / PSTN-ISDN• Publicly available telephone service, mandatory features:

– Available for public,– Originating and receiving national and international calls,– Access to emergency services,– Provision of operator assistance,– Directory enquiry services,– Directories,– Public payphones,– Legal interception,– Carrier selection,– Number portability,– Itemised billing,– Calling-line identification.

Features are implemented in switches


Interactive services / IN

• Intelligent Network (IN concept) for easy service creation and provision


Interactive services / IN• Standardised IN elements (CS1):

– Freephone services (zöldszám), – Shared cost services (kékszám), – Premium rate services (emelt díjas),– Virtual card (hívókártya),– Prepaid card (előre fizetett hívókártya),– Virtual privet network (virtuális magánhálózat), – Universal Personal Number (személyi hívószám)


• Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP)• Calling Line Identification Restriction (CLIR)• Connected Line Identification Presentation (COLP)• Connected Line Identification Restriction (COLR)• Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU)• Call Forwarding on Mobile Subscriber Busy (CFB)• Call Forwarding on No Reply (CFNRy)• Call Forwarding on Mobile Subscriber Not Reachable (CFNRc)

Interactive services / GSM supplementary services I.


• Call Deflection (CD)• Call Hold (HOLD)• Call Waiting (CW)• Barring of All Outgoing Calls (BAOC)• Barring of Outgoing International Calls (BOIC)• Barring of All Incoming Calls (BAIC)• Barring of Incoming Calls when Roaming Outside the Home PLMN Country(BIC-Roam)• Closed User Group (CUG)• Advice of Charge (AOC)• User-to-user signalling (UUS)• Multi Party Service (MPTY)

Interactive services / GSM supplementary services II.


Interactive services / IP telephony

• IP telephony: services or technology?

E.164 Internet cím

Áramkör kapcsolt IP (Internet vagy menedzselt IP)technológia

azonosítás

szolgáltatás PSTN Internet telefon

IP telefon

service

identifier

technology

PSTN Internet telephony

IP telephony

E.164 IP address

Circuit switched IP (Internet or managed IP)


Defining VoIP

ITU Internet Report 2001

• IP Telephony – carriage of voice over IP-based networks irrespective of ownership

• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) – voice traffic carried wholly or partly using IP over broadband networks competing with incumbent operators


Interactive services / IP telephony




What is the future?

• Traditional Telco's, traditional services and traditional business model with precise billing?

• New operators, new business model and free-like services (like Skype)?



Using dialog based services for other purposes

• Telefax• Voice mail• SMS• Internet access by telephone modems• WAP• Call center• Teleconferences• Televoting• Donation by calls• Buying, parking by mobile phones…


Telefax

• G3, G4, mobile fax• Functions

– Call setup,– Data communication controlled by terminals,– Interworking based on standardised protocols,– Negotiations on transfer mode,– Scan the document,– Data transfer in the agreed mode with adaptation,– Acknowledgement


Voice mail

• Boxes assigned to subscription or individual• Indication on received messages• Voice box, Fax box, Mail box / Universal messaging

SMS• Start and fantastic success in GSM networks• Available in PSTN networks as well (CLIP+)




Wireless Operator

Infrastructure Vendor

Service Planned Launch Date

BT (U.K.)

Undisclosed BT Fusion (formerly Project Bluephone) fixed/mobile converged phone service

September 2006, Announced June 2006 With 400 Early Adopters

eAaccess LTD (Japan)

Lucent Multimedia, HSDPA Announced February 2005

France Telecom

Siemens Fixed-mobile convergence First two phases of three-phase project complete; phase three includes ~ 200 customer trial.

MMO2 (U.K.)

Siemens Push-to-talk over cellular (POC), multimedia conferencing

EOY 2005 first launch in two-year program

Saunalahti (Finland)

Nokia VoIP and rich multimedia to both mobile and fixed telephony customers

Announced in June 2005, launch date not yet set

Sprint (U.S.)

Lucent EV-DO Announced in December 2004; deployment of IMS solution starts in 2005

Telecom Italia

Mobile

Ericsson and Nokia Video sharing Mass market launch 2Q05

Telefonica (Spain)

Ericsson Converged wireless/wireline IMS deployment

Announced in April 2005, deployment of IMS solution starts in late spring 2005

Telia Sonera Ericsson, Nokia and Siemens

Instant messaging, video sharing, gaming among different mobile operators

Trial in spring 2005

Telkomsel (Indonesia)

Nokia 3G services, such as video sharing. Based on standardized 3GPP and IETF technologies. Enabled by IMS core network

Six-month trial under way now

TMN (Portugal)

Nokia Video sharing Service launched in June 2005

Global IMS Deployments


IMS Elements


IMS Layered Architecture


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem#3GPP_Specs


Network services

• Leased line services• Interconnection services• VPN - Virtual Privet Network Services• Network Access Services• Billing services• Centrex services


Leased line services

• Transparent transmission capacity without switching function

• For operator partners to extend their networks, • For interconnection of network nodes• For end users to access networks or services• Interconnection of private network nodes• Main characteristics: service features,

transmission parameters, interface types,• Main classes: analogue/digital, two wire/four

wire, simple / observed / managed


Standardised leased line services

• Ordinary Quality Voice bandwidth (2 wire) ETS 300448• Ordinary Quality Voice bandwidth (4 wire) ETS 300448 • 64 kbit/s ETS 300 288, ETS 300 289• 2048 kbit/s E1 ETS 300 418, ETS 300 247 • Nx155520 kbit/s STM-1 ETS 300 299


Interconnection services

• Call origination, call termination, call transit as the tipical traffic situation

• Support services (e.g. billing)• Carrier selection services• Standard solutions for interconnection PSTN, ISDN and

GSM ETS 300 356 • Peer-to-peer interconnection without detailed traffic

accounting


Interconnection services

• Mandatory for public networks!• Technical, commercial and legal aspects!• Critical issues: which services are supported, where

is the interconnection point?• Network operators with significant market power have

special obligations!• Reference interconnection offers are accepted by

Authority.• All the accepted interconnection reference offers in

Hungary are bringing to justice.


Functions of interconnection














Services to gain content

• „Telefonhírmondó” 1881, Puskás Tivadar• In Budapest from 1882 14,5 hours daily for

thousands of subscribers during 30 years period• Radio broadcasting killed it.• What is the future of radio broadcasting? No

frequency band, no CD quality?


EU content policy


EU content policy


Creative content

• Copyright is the basis for creativity. It is one of the cornerstones of Europe's cultural heritage, and of a culturally diverse and economically vibrant creative content sector. In Europe, the cultural and creative sectors (from published content such as books, newspapers and magazines via musical works and sound recordings, to films, video on demand and video games) generates a turnover of more than € 650 billion annually, contributes to 2.6% of the EU's GDP and employs more than 3% of the EU work force.3 European Policymakers therefore have the responsibility to protect copyright, including in an evolving economic and technological environment.


• Digital technologies bring a number of changes to the way creative content is created, exploited and distributed. New content is being created by traditional players such as authors, producers, publishers; but user-created content is playing a new and important role, alongside

professionally produced content.


Music

• Stakeholder consultations reveal that the online dissemination of music, with its multiple causes the biggest challenges with respect to online licensing. Within the music industry, different rightholders own different rights.

• Rights of authors are administered by authors’ societies on behalf of the authors and music publishers. Authors hold the rights in the composition of the lyrics/music, which include the following:

• – Right of reproduction i.e. the right to reproduce the work by making physical (e.g. CD) or intangible (e.g. upload, download) copies.;

• – Right to communicate the work to the public.• Rights of performers, and record producers (record labels) are

related rights of producers and performing artists which allow them to control or obtain remuneration for the use of a sound recording.


Publishing• The online distribution of in-print books is a more

straightforward matter, as the publisher or the author owns the right to make the book available online. More complex issues arise with respect to the mass digitisation of out-of-print books or orphan books ( the owner of the "digital" rights is unknown).

• Online distribution of literary works and e-books is still a nascent market. Commercial projects are being developed outside Europe, without necessarily complying with EU copyright rules. From a European perspective, the rights of authors and publishers should be duly protected and secured when their works are digitised and made available through online services.

• Digitisation of books and other literary and artistic works under the Europeana project is a significant development. However, there is also a risk that a considerable proportion of the books in Europe's national libraries cannot be incorporated into mass-scale digitisation and heritage preservation efforts such as Europeana or similar projects for rights clearance reasons, since their rightholders cannot be identified (orphan works) or must expressly consent (out-of-print works).


Audiovisual (Film, Video-on-Demand)

• There are many more rightholders involved in the creation of a film: director, producer, actors, screenplay and music soundtrack authors, to mention but a few. In addition, the rights of performers (actors) are not fully harmonised at European level, so that actors enjoy different rights in different Member States.

• The film producer usually benefits from a transfer of rights from the creators involved in the film.

• The new video-on-demand (VOD) services• involves several challenges. Statutory and contractual

provisions relating to release windows for VOD can act as a barrier to the availability of content on digital platforms across borders, because of the time lapse between VOD and other releases.


Video games

• The video games industry was born digital and relies to a large extent upon online interactivity. This is why it remains one of the most consistent online audiovisual markets, and less subject to cultural and linguistic differences. Thus many consumers across Europe can enjoy video games regardless of their language and country.


The content

• The free flow of information and access to information are fundamental rights of human. The European Convention of Human Right authorise national bodies to limit the harmful and dangerous content.

• Representation of violence in media– Free access (unencrypted)– Fee-paying (encrypted)– Programming time


Who is responsible for the content?

• As the several hundred years practice in Europe clearly the editor in chief.

• Which body is competent in debates concerning content?

• In the actual media law The NMHH (Nemzeti Média és Hírközlési hatóság). President is nominated by the prime minister for 9 years!

• What is the responsibility of electronic communication service providers?


Protection of children and the dignity of human being

• Illegal contents: child pornography, violent pornography, extreme violence, incitement to racial…..

• Limited contents: legally publicised to adults but might be harmful for children….

• Protection methods:• Markup with cooperation the content providers,• Classification of programs• Anti violence „V” chip (Canada)• Limited content only between 23.00 pm – 5.00 am as

in the Hungarian media law

Documents

Infocom 10. ea. 2011. nov.21. Infocom Systems Kommunikációs rendszerek alapjai 10. előadás Services -- Szolgáltatások Takács György