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Introduction to Anatomy andPhysiology of Farm Animals
Introduction to Animal Science
Department of Animal ScienceNational Chung Hsing University
Pin-Chi Tang唐品琦
Office: 4C ; Lab: 204
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REFERENCES
Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals
7th EditionRowen D. Frandson, W. Lee Wilke, Anna Dee FailsWiley-Blackwell, June 2009
家畜解剖生理學季培元 合計圖書出版社
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AnatomyThe science that deals with the formand structure of all organisms.
PhysiologyThe study of the integrated functions ofthe body and the functions of all its parts(systems, organs, tissues, cells and cellcomponents), including biophysical andbiochemical processes.
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AnatomyShapeTextureLocationrelations of structures
HistochemistryGross anatomyComparative anatomyMicroscopic anatomy (histology)Ultrastructural cytology
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Physiology
Respose of whole animals,isolated organsindividual cells
to changes in their environment
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Directional terms and planes of the animal body.
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A directional term meaning towardthe head
Cranial
Caudal
RostralA directional term used in referenceto features of the head to meantoward the nose
A directional term meaning towardthe tail
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Means toward or beyond thebackbone or vertebral column
Dorsal
VentralMeans away from the vertebralcolumn or toward the midabdominal wall
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Refers to the flexor or caudalsurface
Palmar: forelimb
Plantar: hindlimb
Refers to the caudal surface
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Directional terms and planes ofthe animal body.
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Directional terms and planes of the animal body.
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An imaginary plane passing through thebody so as to divedie the body intoequal right and left halves
Median plane: midsagittal plane
Sagittal plane
Transverse planeA plane at right angles to the medianplane and divides the body into cranialand caudal segments
Any plane parallel to the meidan plane
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Horizontal plane
Medial
Lateral
A plane at right angles to both themedian plane and transverse planes,and divides the body into dorsal (upper)and ventral (lower) segments
Close to or toward the median plane
Means away from the median plane
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Indicate proximity to the center ofan anatomical structure
Deep and internal
Superficial and external
ProximalMeans relatively close to a givenpart
Refer to proximity to the surface ofthe body
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Means farther from the given partDistal
Prone
SupineRefers to the position in which theventral aspect of the body orpalmar or plantar aspect of anexstrmeity is uppermost
Refers to a position in which thedorsal aspect of the body or anyextremity is uppermost