isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh

isxy,

NdIdj yd idys;Hh

10 fYa%‚h

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

iiiii

m<uqjk uqøKh 2014

fojk uqøKh 2015

f;jk uqøKh 2016

isõjk uqøKh 2017

miajk uqøKh 2018

ihjk uqøKh 2019

y;ajk uqøKh 2020

ish¨ ysñlï weúß‚

ISBN 978 - 955 - 25 - 0380 - 1

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

fo,af.dv" l`ÿfndv" lEr., mdr" wxl 35$3 ork ia:dkfhys msysá

iekaúka mqoa.,sl iud.fuys

uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'

Published by : Educational Publications Department Printed by : Sanvin (Pvt) Ltd.

35/3, Keragala Road, Kanduboda, Delgoda.

iii

Y%S ,xld cd;sl .Sh

Y%S ,xld ud;d

wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d

iqkaor isßnßkS" iq/¢ w;s fidanudk ,xld

OdkH Okh fkl u,a m,;=re msß ch N+ñh ruHd

wmyg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;d

ms<s.kq uek wm Nla;s mQcd

kfuda kfuda ud;d


Tn fõ wm úoHd -

Tn u h wm i;Hd

Tn fõ wm Yla;s -

wm yo ;=< Nla;s

Tn wm wdf,dafla -

wmf.a wkqm%dfKa

Tn wm Ôjk fõ -

wm uqla;sh Tn fõ

kj Ôjk foñfka ks;sk wm mqnqÿ lrka ud;d

{dk ù¾h jvjñk /f.k hkq uek ch N+ñ lrd

tl ujlf. ore le, neúkd

huq huq ù fkdmud

fm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r Þ kfuda kfuda ud;d


ii

iv v

wms fjuq tl ujlf. orefjda

tl ksjfiys fjfikd

tl mdge;s tl reêrh fõ

wm lh ;=< ÿjkd

tneúks wms fjuq fidhqre fidhqßfhda

tl f,i tys jefvkd

Ôj;a jk wm fuu ksjfia

fid¢k isáh hq;= fõ

ieug u fu;a lreKd .=fKkS

fj<S iu.s oñkS

rka ñKs uq;= fkd j th u h iem;d

lsis l, fkdu Èrkd

wdkkao iurfldaka

iv v

fmrjok

ÈhqKqfõ ysKsfm; lrd .uka lrkd j;auka f,djg" ks;e;skau wjeis jkqfha

jvd;a kjH jQ wOHdmk l%uhls' tu`.ska ks¾udKh l< hq;af;a ukq.=Koï imsreKq

yd l=i,;dj,ska hqla; ore mrmqrls' tlS W;a;=x. fufyjrg cj n,h imhñka"

úYaùh wNsfhda. iòyd Èßfhka uqyqK Èh yels isiq mrmqrla ks¾udKh lsÍu iòyd

iydh ùu wmf.a mru j.lSu jkafka h' bf.kqï wdOdrl iïmdok ld¾hh

fjkqfjka il%Sh f,i ueÈy;a fjñka wm fomd¾;fïka;=j ta fjkqfjka odhl;ajh

,nd fokafka cd;sfha oreoeßhkaf.a keK myka o,ajd,Sfï W;=ï wÈgfkks'

fm<fmd; úfgl oekqï fldaIaGd.drhls' th ;j;a úfgl wm úkaokd;aul

f,djlg o leòjdf.k hhs' tfiau fï fm<fmd;a wmf.a ;¾l nqoaêh jvjd,kafka

wfkalúO l=i,;d mqnqÿ lrjd.kakg o iqúi,a t<s oyrla fjñks' úÿìfuka iuq.;a

Èkl jqj wmßñ; wdorfhka iaurKh l< yels u;l" fm<fmd;a msgq w;r oejà Tn

iu`.ska w;aje,a neò tkq fkdwkqudk h' fï fm<fmd; iu`.u ;j ;j;a oekqï

wjldY msß biõ fj; ks;s mshuksñka mßmQ¾K;ajh w;a lr.ekqug Tn ieu

ksr;=rej wem lem úh hq;= h'

ksoyia wOHdmkfha uydk¾> ;Hd.hla fia fï mqia;lh Tn foda;g msßkefï'

fm<fmd;a fjkqfjka rch jeh lr we;s iqúi,a OkialkaOhg w¾:iïmkak w.hla

,nd Èh yelafla Tng muKs' fuu mdGH .%ka:h ukdj mßYS,kh lrñka keK .=K

msß mqrjeishka ù wkd.; f,dj taldf,dal lrkakg oefha ish¨ ¥ orejka fj; Èßh

iúh ,efíjdhs yoj;ska iqn m;ñ'

fm<fmd;a iïmdok ld¾hh fjkqfjka wm%udK jQ iïm;Aodhl;ajhla iemhQ

f,aLl" ixialdrl yd we.hqï uKav, idudðl msßjrg;a wOHdmk m%ldYk

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾h uKav,fha ieug;a udf.a yomsß m%Kduh mqolrñ'

mS' tka' whs,mafmreu

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a


biqremdh

n;a;ruq,a,

2020'06'26

vi vii

kshdukh yd wëlaIKh -mS' tka' whs,mafmreu

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a


fufyhùu ví,sõ' tA' ks¾u,d mshiS,S

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia îxj¾Ok&


iïnkaëlrKh m%.S;sld chfialr

ksfhdacH flduidßiaa


iydh iïnkaëlrKh ta'ù' Èf,ald y¾IKS wurfiak

ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍ


ixialdrl uKav,h

1' r;akisß wrx., uydpd¾h" YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

2' B'wd¾' ksu,a fma%ul=udr lÓldpd¾h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

3' Ys%hdks wfíúl%u ksfhdacH wOHlaI" NdId yd udkj Ydia;% wxYh

wOHdmk wud;HdxYh

4' tÉ'mS' iqis,a isßfiak fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h" wOHdmk úoHd mSGh" ydmsá.u

5' m%.S;sld chfialr iyldr flduidßia" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

NdId ixialrKh uydpd¾h mS'î' talkdhl

f,aLl uKav,h1' .hd jehsfyak -----.=re WmfoaYl" fldÜGdi wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" mdÿlal

2' î'ã' iqks,a ìhkaú, .=re fiajh" .sß$ úl%uYS,d cd;sl mdi," .sßW,a,

3' iqñ;a wfíkdhl .=re uOHia:dk l<ukdlre" .=re uOHia:dkh" nKavdrfj,

4' ví'ã' ikaOHd ms%hdks ùriQßh .=re fiajh" nm$ch$uydud;H úoHd,h" w;=re.sßh

5' fla'ta' iOHd whsrdx.kS .=re fiajh" mdkÿr nd,sld úoHd,h

fidaÿm;a lshùu

iñ;d úoHdfialr Wm l¾;D" isxy, YíofldaI ld¾hd,h

msgljr ks¾udKh

refïIa o is,ajd

mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh

tia'ù'Ô' trx.d È,arelaIs wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

fk,ald m%idÈks wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

vi vii

ixialdrl igyk

2015 j¾Ifha isg ls%hd;aul flfrk kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wkql+,j fuu 10 fYa%‚h

isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh fm<fmd; iïmdokh lr we;' úúO f,aLlhkaf.a

lD;sj,ska Wmqgd f.k isiqkag .e<fmk wldrhg ixialrKh lrk ,o fldgia

iy úIh ks¾foaYhg wod<j w¨f;ka u rpkd lrk ,o f,aLkj,ska iukaú;

fuu fm<fmd;" NdId l=i,;d yd NdId {dkh j¾Okhg;a idys;H mßYS,kfhka

Ôú;djfndaOh mq¿,a lr .ekSug;a Tng wdOdrl jkq we;'

iajdëkj lshjd ri ú¢h yels ks¾udK o oekqu" wjfndaOh j¾Okh lrk f,aLk

fldgia o fuys we;=<;a jk w;r tajdfha uq,a lD;s fidhd f.k lshùug lghq;=

lrk f,i Tng fhdackd lruq' fuu fm<fmd; wOHhkfha § wjYH jQ úg .=re

iydh ,nd .ekSu iqÿiq nj o isysm;a lruq'

fuu fm<fmdf;ys mdvï wkqms<sfj< ilia lr we;af;a cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

u.ska ks¾foaYs; b.ekaùï wkql%uhg wkql+, jk wdldrhg h' ta i|yd cd;sl

wOHdmk wdh;kfha iydh ,nd .kakd ,È'

fuys we;=<;a f,aLkj, uq,a l¾;Djrekag lD;{;d mQ¾jl m%Kduh msßkuk w;r

úúO wdldrfhka iydh oela jQ ish¨ fokdg o wmf.a lD;{;dj m< lr isáuq'

PdhdrEm ,nd §u ms<sn|j tka'tï'whs'fla' lreKdr;ak uy;dg iy uydpd¾h rdÊ

fidaufoaj uy;dg wmf.a úfYaI ia;=;sh ysñ fõ'

Ôú;fha fndfyda ld¾hhka i|yd w;HjYH NdId l=i,;dj j¾Okh lr .ksñka

ukd ikaksfõok yelshdjkaf.ka iukaú; Ôú;djfndaOfhka msßmqka mqrjeishl=

f,i wkd.; f,dalhg tlajkakg Tng werhqï lruq' ta i|yd fuu fm<fmd; o

msgqn,hla jkq we;ehs Wola u wfmalaId lruq'

úoHudk mer‚ u isxy, .S ldjH .%ka:h jk ishnia,lfrys oelafjkafka NdIdj"

ukdj mßyrKh lrk whg iqrNsfèkqjla fia is;+ me;+ iïm;a ,nd fok njhs'

—.jÕk fõ miiak od - nia lr iqilia

mshiqj yg '''˜

NdIdj uekúka bf.k f.k thska uyÕ= M, ,nkakg Tng yels fõjd hs m;uq'

ixialdrl uKav,h

viii ix

viii ix

mgqk msgq wxl

8 fï wfma Wodr jQ ud;D N+ñhhs 52

9 l¾;D ldrl jdlH iy l¾u ldrl jdlH 60 ² úfYaI jdlH Í;s 68

10 mqj;am;a úfYaIdx. ,sms 73

\ 11 merKs Ôjfkdamdh l%u yd ne÷Kq isß;a úß;a 81

12 ldjH ks¾udKlrKh 89

13 wdpd¾h à' î' cdhd 97 ² rdcldß ,sms yd jHdmdßl ,sms 102

14 f;dfrdlafldaj 103 ² kdgH msgm;a rpkh 109

15 <fòa ksire fkd lrka wm ish,d 132

16 tf;mq,a wud ye,af,ka 136 ² Wmud 142

² rEml 143 ² wlaIr úkHdih 143

² úrdu ,l=Kq 150

1 w;S;fhka l;djla 1

2 isxy, wlaIr ud,dj 6

3 m%dfoaYsl jHjydr 16

² kdu m%lD;s yd ls%hd m%lD;s 21

4 wdrdufha ks¾udKh 23 ² rEÎ fyj;a bÕs jels 28 ² m%ia;dj msre¿ 29 ² hq., mo 30

5 wdpd¾h iS' ví,sõ' ví,sõ' lkakka.r 32

6 ux ;kkafkda 38

7 niska ri ujk idys;Hh 44

x

17 uydpd¾h fiakl ììf,a 152 ² jd¾;dlrKh 158 ² kHdh m;% 159

18 wdmod l<ukdlrKh 160 ² YíofldaI mßyrKh 166

17 19 ikaê 169

20 YS% ,xldfõ merKs ksjdi 183 ² wjHh mo 187

21 ñKs .K if|ia jekqñka 190

22 §mdj,s W;aijh 198 ² w;am;s%ld 204 ² ±kaùï 206 ² igyka ^Memo& 208

23 idys;H ks¾udK úpdrh 210

PB 1

wmg úúO iudc wjia:djkag iyNd.s fjñka woyia m< lsÍug isÿ fjhs'

túg wod< wjia:dj yd Bg iïnkaO jk mqoa.,hka fuka u Y%djlhd wkqj o

fhda.H mßÈ o woyia bÈßm;a l< hq;= h'

l%sia;= mQ¾j f;jk ishjfia isÿ jQ uyskaod.ukh Èjhsfka wd.ñl b;sydifha

fuka u iudc - wd¾Ól yd ixialD;sl lafIa;%hkays o ikaêia:dkhla nj

wújdofhka ms<s.efka' ñys÷ udysñfhda mKia jirl muK ld,hla fï

Èjhsfkys jev fjfiñka O¾u Ydia;%Sh yd Ydiksl fiajdjla bgq l<y' Wka

jykafia wmj;a jk úg furg md,lhd jQfha uyskaod.ukh isÿ jk úg ,la

rch l< foajdkïmsh ;siai rcqf.a lksgq fidfydjqrd jQ W;a;sh rc;=ud h'

ñys÷ udysñmdKkaf.a wdodyk mQfcda;aijfha § W;a;sh rc;=ud úiska lrk

,o .=K l:khla fia ,shjqKq l,ams; rpkhla fï mdvfuys we;=<;a fjhs'

th Èjhsfka iudc-ixialD;sl fuka u wd¾Ól m%.ukfhys o mqfrda.dñhl=

iïnkaOfhka rdcH md,lhl= lrk we.hSuls' fï l,ams; foaYkh Y%S ,xld

mßmd,k fiajfha fcHaIaG ks,Odßhl= jk wdpd¾h wdkkao .=ref.a úiska

rÑ; Voices from Ancient Sri Lanka kï .%ka:fha isxy, mßj¾;kh jk

fy<Èj w;S; m%;srdj lD;sfhka ^mßj¾;kh wNh fyajdjiï& Wmqgd .kakd

,È'

^l%s'mQ' 199 § muK wkqrdOmqrfha §&

—tA ñysm,a f;fï i;shla mqrd kd kd mQcd i;aldr lrjd" f;rekaf.a

noaOud,l kï ;ek iqj| or iEhla lrjd" ukrï l=¿ f.h tys muqKqjd'''

or iEfhys ;ínjd wjika .re nqyquka flf<a h'˜

ûydjxih - XX" 29-44&

wo wm fuys /iaj isákqfha rdc¥; fufyjfrys fhfoñka nqÿoyu fuys /f.k

meñ‚ uyskao ud ysñmdKkayg wjika nqyquka oelaùu ms‚i h' Wka jykafia b;d

<`.ska weiqre l< ud jekakjqka muKla fkd j" wv ishjila ;siafia Wka jykafiaf.a

is,aj;a fuka u nqoaêu;a uÕ fmkaùu hgf;a fufyhjqKq rgjeishkaf.a fidanr

uqyqKq olsk úg wo Èk fYdal Èkhla yeáhg m%ldYhg m;a l< hq;=j ;sìK' tfy;a

Wka jykafia úiska fuka u" fiiq keKj;a ysñjreka úiska o h<s h<s;a jodrkq ,enQ

mßÈ" urKh jQl,s fidúka je,mSug wjia:djla fkd j" meje;afï wks;Hh fufkys

lr ixfõ. Wmojd .ekSug wjia:djla nj wjfndaO lr .;a ksid tfia wo Èk

1 w;S;fhka l;djla

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

2 3

fYdal Èkhla yeáhg m%ldYhg m;a lsÍfuka je<lS isáfhñ' tfy;a ñys÷ uy

ry;ka jykafia ms<sn| iekiSug lreKlaa jkafka Wka jykafia fï fõokdldÍ

ixidr pl%fhka ñ§ iod;ksl iqjh f.k fok wud uy ksjkg iem;a ùu hs'

uyskao uy f;reka jykafia iy Wka jykafiaf.a Y%djl msßi wkqrdOmqr k.rhg

imeñ‚ Èkh ud ukfiys b;d meyeÈ,sj igyka ù ;sfí' uu tjlg fld¨

.egfhlañ' rc ue÷f¾ isá wms ish¨ fokd u uy;a fia l=;+y,hg m;a ù isáfhuq'

thg fmr Èk Wka jykafia ñiail mjqfõ mE fm<yr ms<sn| fndfyda oE wm wid

;sìK'

udf.a jeäuy,a fidajqre ;siai uy rc;=ud ta ovhï pdßldfjka fmr<d meñ‚ miq"

ta isoaêh yer wka lsis fohla ms<sn| l:d fkd flf<a h' t;=udf.a msßjr fiakdfõ

isá whg o fï iïnkaOj yer wka lreKla ms<sn| l:d lsÍug isyshla fkd ;snqKdla

fuks' ta iEu wfhla u tla lreKla ms<sn|j talu;sl ;SrKhlg t<U isáhy'

tkï" Tjqka o jvd;a mq¿,a f,i .; fyd;a uq¿ Èjhsk o ffu;%sh uq,a fldg mek

ke`.=Kq wdOHd;añl O¾u;djl .%yKhg yiq ù we;s fyhska thska úYd, fjkialula

ñka miq isÿ jk nj hs'

rdc iNdfjka wvlg;a jeä m%udKhla fokd oekgu;a ;u lS¾;sh iy n,h iys;

;k;=re w;ayer oud ;jqiaoï msÍfï wNs,dIh m< fldg we;' m%Odk weu;s uyd;s;a:

;u kekao‚hka jk wkq,d ìijqkag fufia lSfõ h: —kekao‚hks" uu uy

jkdka;rfha w,s we,a,Sfï fh§ isákafkla kï" idudkH we;=kaf.a wä i,l=Kq

w;r" iqúfYaI úi,a wä i,l=Kq ÿgqj fyd;a ud wksjd¾hfhka u yUd hkafka ta

úi,a wä iys; yia;s rdchd h' kekao‚hks" uu ta yia;s rdchd w,a,d .ekSfï

ud¾.h wjfndaO lr f.k isáñ' ta i;d yUd hEfï § udyg w;aú¢kakg isÿ jk

ieu ÿIalr;djlg u ug wjidkfha § jkaÈ ,efnkq we;'˜

wm fndfyda fokl= is;=fõ Tyqf.a fï wNs,dIh" ;ud óg fmr O¾udfYdal rc;=udf.a

rdciNdjg .sh ¥; .ufka §" nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a ldre‚l b.ekaùï ms<sn|j

wid oek .ekSfuka we;s jQ fohla f,i h'

flfia jqj o" ta l=vd ld,fha isf;ys Wka jykafia flfrys we;s jQfha w;s.ïNSr" mQckSh

uyd mqreIhl= ms<sn| ye`.Suls' fï Èjhsfka uyd rdfcda;a;uhdKka fï ;rï .re

ie,ls,s oelajQ wka wh ljqre o@ ta ksid tÈk uyd f;rKqjka k.r oajdrh wi, §

ms<s.kq ,noa§ t;=uka wi, isàug uu j. n,d .;af;ñ'

wm tfia Wka jykafiaf.a iïm%dma;sh wfmalaIdfjka k.r oajdrfha isák úg ;siai

uy rc;=ud fmr Èk iekaoEfõ jQ isÿùu ms<sn|j o ;ukaf.a nqoaê uysuh Wr.d

ne,Sug wikq ,enQ m%Yak ms<sn|j o mqk mqkd lshoa§ Wka jykafia flfrys ud

is;ays jQ l=;+y,h wyi Wig ke`.=fKa h'

tÈk ud ysñhkaa rc jdif,a § meje;ajQ O¾u foaYkh úfYaIfhka u ldka;djka iy

orejka wrNhd lrk ,oaols' hym;a oE lsÍfuka hym;a m%;sM, ,eîu;a whym;a foa

lsÍfuka whym;a m%;sM, ,eîu;a wruqKq lr .ksñka Wka jykafia oyï foiQy' iEu

2 3

mqoa.,hl= u ;ukaf.a brKfï ks¾ud;Djrhd nj mjiñka l¾uh ms<sn| b;d ir,j

mejiQ lreKq l=vd orejl= yeáhg ug o lsis wdhdihlska f;drj jegys‚'

Wka jykafiaf.a Ydka; bßhjq ud is;a .;a w;r" ;uka foiQ oyu tys isáhjqkg

jegys‚ o hkak ms<sn|j Wka jykafia ksrka;rfhka ie,ls,su;a jQy' Èk .Kkdjla

;siafia" lsisjla fkd f;afrk .S iaf;da;% .dhkdj,g o tfuka u bula fldkla ke;s

mQcd úêj,g o yqre mqreÿ j isá l=vd wmg" tu w¨;a oE ;=< b;d ;=gq mygq njla yd

kj;djla úh' ;uka jykafia foiQ oE wm úiska jgyd .ekSu Wka jykafiaf.a

me;=u úh' tfia ke;sj hd. fydau fyda bkaøcd, n,hlska lrk oE fuys ke;s'

Wka jykafia b;d fjfyi ù jev mf<ys fhÿKdy' úúO Y%djlhka i|yd Wka

jykafia iEu Èkfhl u O¾u foaYkd lsysmhla meje;ajQy' ta w;r u Wka jykafia

;u msßjr iu. f.ka f.g ms`vq is`.d jeä fial' fï w;r ;siai uy rc;=ud iu`.

tlaj wkqrdOmqr bÈ jk m<uq fndÿ wimqj muKla fkd j" bÈß ishjia lsysmh

i|yd fn!oaO o¾Ykh lshd mEfï uQ,ia:dkh o w. k.rfhys msysgqùug ie,iqï l<y'

tod uyskao uy f;rKqjka" ta úÑ;%j;a W;aijfha § uyd úydrh i|yd u`.=,e;=

úiska wÈk ,o rka k`.=,lska iSud i,l=Kq l< wjia:dfõ fuys isák lS fokl= tys

isáhd oehs uu fkd oksñ' fuhg jir y;<sia wglg fmr" tod" ta úi,a N+ñ Nd.h

msÍ hk f,i f.dvke`.s,s lsis odl fyda bÈ fõ oehs idOdrK ielhla ud ;=< úh'

tfy;a wo" Wka jykafiaf.a ks¾udKYS,s;ajh iy iQlaIau ie,eiqï l%u i|yd foia

foñka ta úYd, N+ñ Nd.h jid me;sÍ we;af;a uyd úydrh hs'

f.dvke`.s,s ixlS¾Kh bÈ lssÍu i|yd ìu fjka lsÍfï § Wka jykafia úiska

fmkajkq ,enQfha mqÿu l=i,;djls' fufia ìï fjka lroa§ fuhg ishjilg miq

rcjdi, iE§ug ;SrKh lrkq ,nk ia:dkh olajd u meñ‚fhda h' mshjfrka

mshjr f.dvke`.s,s bÈ fjoa§ Wka jykafiaf.a ukfiys fï f.dvke`.s,s ixlS¾Kh

ms<sn| ksrjq,a woyila ;snQ nj udyg iy uf.a ifydaor rc;=udg fmks‚' tmuKla

fkd j" fndaëka jykafia i|yd o uyd ia;+mh i|yd o fufy‚hkaf.a wdY%u

i|yd o odk Yd,d i|yd o Wka jykafiaf.a ie,iqfï bvlv fjka ù ;sì‚'

mQcd N+ñh fjka lsÍfï lghq;= i;shlska ksu lsÍug Wka jykafia iu;a jQy' wm

is;+fha ìu ta ta f.dvke`.s,s i|yd fjka l< miq Wka jykafia ;uka jykafia iy

msßjr ix>hd i|yd iem myiq ix>djdihla fkd mudj bÈ lrkq we; lshd hs' tla

w;lska Wka jykafia rc mjq,l iqfLdamfNda.s Ôú;hla .; l< whl= ksid;a wfkla

w;g O¾udfYdal rc;=ud oUÈj jev jik i`.=ka i|yd fndfyda iem iïm;a ,nd

fok ksid;a wm tfia is;Su idOdrK úh' tfy;a uyd úydr N+ñh i,l=Kq l<

jyd u isÿ jQfha l=ula o@

Wka jykafia kej;" l=vd .,a .=yd lsysmhla ;sfnk ñiail mõj n,d jevu l<

fial' jeis iufha fï .,a .=ydj, jdih lsÍug Wka jykafiag wejeis úh' fï jk

úg uy rcq" ud ysñhka flfrys iSud rys; Nla;shlska fj<S isáfha h' úhou iy

uykaish fkdn,d iqfLdamfNda.s m%didohla jqj o idod §ug t;=ud bÈßm;a úh'

tfy;a ud ysñhka b,a,d isáfha ;uka jykafia ifokdg muKla fkd j" furg

4 5

meúÈ ìug tl;= jk m%:u mkia ifokdg;a m%udKj;a jk mßÈ ;j .,a .=yd t<s

fmfy<s fldg msßisÿ fldg fok f,i mu‚' jiaidk iuh t<eöu;a iu. u

ry;ka jykafia,d ieg fokula" fï f,ka úydr ;=<g ù" t;eka isg Èjhsfka

idudkH isoaêhla jQ jia jeiSu wdrïN l< w;r" ta ld,h ;=< § O¾uh b.ekaùu"

w¾: újrKh lsÍu iy idys;H ls%hdjkaf.ka iukaú; jQ ixlS¾K l%shdj,shla

wdrïN úh' WÑ; mßoafoka u fï l÷lrh" wdrdu l÷lrh yeáhg y÷kajk ,È'

ud jvd;a Nd.H iïmkak jQfha ud ysñhkaf.a u uQ,sl;ajh hgf;a udf.a wOHdmk

lghq;= o ta jljdkqfõ u wdrïN jQ fyhsks' wOHdmkh ,nd §u i|yd uyd ix>hd

jykafia Wmfhda.s lr .;a úfYaI l%ufõoh udf.a;a fiiq iu jhia whf.a;a is;a

;Èka weo .;s' uyd ix>r;akh iu. ksrka;rfhka .efgñka Ôj;a jQ ksid yqfola

wd.ñl iy wOHdmksl wruqKqj,ska Tíng .sh uyd f;reka jykafiaf.a ie,iqï

ms<sn| fm!oa.,slj u oekqï f;areï we;s lr .ekSug yels úh'

;u mshdKka jQ wfYdal wêrdcHhd ,jd Y%S uyd fndaëka jykafiaf.a wxl=rhla

furgg jevu lrùug lghq;= iïmdokh lsÍu;a iu. u úYsIag nqoaêhla iy

l=i,;d olaI;d we;s fndfyda fokl= furgg wd.ukh ùu i|yd moku ìys jQ

w;r" ta ksid wm rg ;=< isÿ jQ ixialD;sl" iudÔh iy ;dlaIK ÈhqKqj b;d úYsIag

úh' fï isÿùug uq,a jQfha uy f;reka jykafiaf.a keÕ‚hka jQ ix>ñ;a;d uy

f;r‚hka ùu úfYAI ixisoaêhls'

ix>ñ;a;d fufy‚ka jykafia iu`. imsßjßka meñ‚ W.;a;=" mßmd,lfhda"

jHdmdr m%Odksfhda" fjf<kafoda" l,dlrefjda iy ;dlaI‚l Ys,amSyq wm rg ixj¾Ok

flakaøia:dkhla njg m;a l<y' oekg oYl myla f.ù hEug wdikakj we;s

w;r" tla w;lska wmf.a wd¾Ólhg o wfkla w;ska iudc ia;rhg o Tjqkaf.a

meñŒu flfia n,mEfõ oehs úu¾Ykh lsÍug iqÿiq wjia:djl wms isáuq' wo wm

;dlaI‚l jYfhka ukd mokul isák w;r" ck.ykh úúOdx.SlrKh ù ;sfí'

fufia ñys÷ ysñhkaf.a §¾>ld,Sk lem ùfï m%;sM,hla jYfhka wm rgg isÿ jQ

hym; úYsIag iïm;lehs újdofhka f;drj ms<s.; hq;= h' fuys wo /iaj isák

ish,af,da u ta rdclSh ¥; fufyjr ksid isÿ jQ úma,jfha úmq, M, N=la;s ú¢k

wh hs' uy f;rKqjkaf.a fiajdfõ m%;ssM, ishjia .Kka" ke;¦ wjqreÿ oyia .Kka

ck;djg ,efnk w;r ta fiajdj fjk;a rgj,a lrd o me;sr hkq we;'

idudkHfhka fujka wjia:djl lrkq ,nkakdla fuka ñys÷ uy ysñ÷kag ksjka

iqj m%d¾:kd lsÍug ug fkdyels h' ukao@ Wka jykafia ;ukaf.a W;aidyh u`.ska

ksjkg f.dia isák neúks'

4 5

wjfndaOh

1' mdvfï oelafjk wdldrhg O¾udfYdal rc;=udf.a rdciNdjg ¥; .uka .sh

wud;Hjrhd ljfrla o@

2' uÕ=,e;= úiska wÈk ,o rka k`.=, Ndú;fhka isÿ l< ld¾hh l=ula o@

3' ñys÷ ysñhkaf.a uyd úydr ie,eiafï we;=<;a jQ wx. fudkjd o@

4' wdrdu l÷lrh hkq l=ula o@

5' mdvfï oelafjk wdldrhg tjlg wm rfÜ ixialD;sl" iudÔh yd ;dlaIK

ÈhqKqjg n, mE isÿùu l=ula o@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka mo fhdod jdlH ks¾udKh lrkak'

¸' úYsIag -

¸¸' iQlaIau -

¸¸¸' flakaøia:dkh -

¸¹' úúOdx.SlrKh -

¹' úu¾Ykh -

2' my; i|yka moj,g iudk mo mdvfuka fidhd ,shkak'

¸' úYd, -

¸¸' ue÷r -

¸¸¸' m%h;akh -

¸¹' wdrduh -

¹' meñŒu -

3' ñY% l%shd mo myla mdvfuka fidhd ,shkak'

4' Wmi¾. iys; mo myla mdvfuka fidhd jdlH ks¾udKh lrkak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' .=re Wmfoia wkqj mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï lSmhlg fnfokak'

2' l:khg iqÿiq mßÈ ld,Sk ud;Dldj ne.ska ilid lreKq /ia lrkak'

3' tlS f;audjla hgf;a úkdä ;=kl l;djla lrkak'

4' tla tla lÓlhdf.a lÓl;ajfha ,laIK biau;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl

fhfokak'

5' Tfí mdif,a meje;afjk isxy, NdId Èk jevigyfkys § bÈßm;a lsÍug

fhda.H ud;Dldkql+, l;djla ms<sfh, lrkak'

6' fun÷ fjk;a pß;hla ms<sn| l;djla f.dv kÕkak'

6

l:d lsÍfï § uqúka ksl=;a jk Yío ,shd olajk oDIaáf.dapr ixfla; wlaIr fyj;a

wl=re kñka ye¢kafõ' tu ixfla; NdIdfjka NdIdjg fjkia fõ'

2 isxy, wlaIr ud,dj

ñksid NdIKh fyj;a l:d lsÍu wrUd mE úis y;rla f.ù we;akï

f,aLkh fyj;a wl=re uÕska woyia ,shd oelaùu wrUd ;j u;a f.ù

we;af;a úkdä myla ;rï iq¿ ld,hlehs wEYa,s fudkafÜ.= kue;s udkj

úoHd{hd WmyerKhla olajd we;' thska meyeÈ,s jkafka f,aLkh udkj

YsIagdpdrfha uE; hq.fha ch.%yKhla nj hs' f,dal b;sydifha fuf;la

yuq ù we;s mer‚ u f,aLk idOl wh;a jkafka l%sia;= mQ¾j 3500-3000

muK ld,fha § iqfïßhdkq YsIagdpdrhg h hkak oekg mj;akd idOl

wkqj ms<s.efka'

miqj neìf,dakshdkq" ñir" ysghsÜ" bkaÿ-ksïk" Ök yd uOH wfußldkq

hk YsIagdpdrhkays f,aLkh jHdma; jQ njg idOl yuq fjhs' fï

Èjhsfka kj iNH;ajhla wdrïN l< W;=re bkaÈhdkq idxl%u‚lhka

wlaIr Ndú;h ms<sn| wjfndaOhla iys; msßila jkakg we;ehs ie,fla'

tfy;a Èjhsfka f,aLk ld¾hhkays jHdma;sh ms<sn| idOl yuq jkafka

uyskaod.ukfhka miqj isÿ flreKq NslaIQka Wfoid wdrdu mQcd lsÍï

iïnkaOfhks' fujeks mer‚ u f,aLk ñyska;,h" fjiai.sßh" oUq,a,"

is;=,amõj wdÈ Èjhsfka fm!rd‚l ia:dkj,ska yuq fjhs' ta wdÈ u f,aLk

,shù we;af;a j¾;udkfha wm Ndú; lrk isxy, wl=ßka fkdfõ' tajd

n%dyaó wl=re kñka y÷kajk" tl, bkaÈhdkq Wmuydoaùmh mqrd;a wjg

rdcHhkays;a Ndú; wlaIr ud,dj hs' ta f,aLkj, NdIdj o isxy, NdIdj

fkd fõ' isxy,hg fuka u kQ;k bkaÈhdkq NdIdjkag o uq,a jQ bkaÈhdkq

ck jHjydr NdIdjlska ilia jQ nils' t;eka mgka ishjiska ishjig

isxy, wl=re ilia fjñka wd wdldrh;a isxy, NdIdj wdrïN ù úldikh

jQ wdldrh;a lshd mdk f,aLkdj,shla wm i;= h'

Y%jHf.dapr Yío

^jdÑl&

oDIaáf.dapr ixfla; ^,sÅ;&

isxy, fou< bx.%Sis

zwZ Yíoh w m AzWZ Yíoh W c Uz,Z Yíoh ,a" <a y;> o;> s; LzuZ Yíoh ï k; MzjZ Yíoh õ t; V, W

7

we;eï NdIdj, tl u Yíoh i|yd ixfla; lSmhla o Ndú; jk nj by; igyfkka

meyeÈ,s fõ'

ksoiqka(-

wlaIr i|yd zj¾KZ hk ku o Ndú; fõ' ta wkqj isxy, fydaäh" isxy, wlaIr

ud,dj" isxy, j¾K ud,dj hk kïj,ska ye¢kafjkafka isxy, NdIdfõ Yío ,shd

olajk ixfla; iuQyhhs'

isxy, NdIdfõ wlaIr ud,dj wlaIr 60lska iukaú; fõ'

isxy, wlaIr ud,dj m%Odk jYfhka fldgia 2lg fjka l< yels h'

1' iajr

2' jH[ack

fjk;a Yíohl Wmldrhlska f;drj ;ksj WÉpdrKh l< yels wl=re ziajrZ

kñka ye¢kafõ' isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ iajr 18ls'

iajr o ;j;a wkqfldgia follg fjka l< yels h' ta flá iajr ^y%iaj iajr& Èla

iajr ^§¾> iajr& jYfhks'

y;

o; <a

,a

z,Z

s;

V

WzjZz,aZ

w wd we wE b B

W W! R RD Ì Ì!

t ta ft T ´ T!

^w&x ^w&#

l L . > X Õ

p P c ® [ `c

g G v V K ~

; : o O k |

m M n N u U

h r , j

Y I i y < *

iajr

w wd we wE b B

W W! R RD Ì Ì!

t ta ft T ´ T!

8

hk iajr WÉpdrKhg .; jk ld,h wvq h' tksid tajd zflá iajrZ kï fõ' ta

w¾:fhka u zÿq iajrZ" zy%iaj iajrZ hk kï o fhfoa'

iajr WÉpdrKhg .; jk ld,h flá iajrj,g jvd idfmalaIj jeä h' tneúka

fï iajr z§¾> iajrZ kï fõ' .=re iajr" Èla iajr hk kï o fhfoa'

iajr .Khg wh;a fkdjQ wl=re" zjH[ack wlaIrZ fõ' jH[ack wlaIr ;ksj

WÉpdrKh l< fkd yels h' tu Yío myiqfjka WÉpdrKh lsÍug kï iajrhla

tl;= lr WÉpdrKh l< hq;= h'

^w&x ix.uh îa¬wx.uh&

^w&# uk#l,ams; ûka¬ w#l,ams;&

la ¬ w lu; ^la¬w u;&

ï¬b ñÿ, ^ï¬b ÿ,&

isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ jH[ack wlaIr 42ls'

jH[ack wlaIr o ;j;a wkqfldgia .Kkdjlg fjka l< yels h'

flá iajr" yq iajr y%iaj iajr&

w we b W R Ì t T

Èla iajr ^§¾> iajr&" .=re iajr

wd wE B W! RD Ì! ta ´

jH[Ack" .;l=re ^.d;%dlaIr&

l L . > X Õ

p P c ® [ `c

g G v V K ~

; : o O k |

m M n N u U

h r , j

Y I i y < *

^w&x ^w&#

9

wlaIr ud,dfõ we;s my; i|yka wlaIr 25 zj¾.dlaIrZ hs'

j¾.dlaIrj, m<uq jk yd ;=ka jk ;Srej, we;s wlaIr oyh w,amm%dK wlaIr hs'

ta Yío WÉpdrKh flfrkafka wvq m%dKhlsks'

j¾.dlaIrj, fojk iy y;r jk ;Srej, we;s wlaIr oyh uydm%dK wlaIr hs' ta

Yío jeä m%dKhlska WÉpdrKh l< hq;= fjhs'

w,amm%dK" uydm%dK wlaIrj, fjki my; oelafjk jpk weiqfrka wOHhkh

lrkak'

j¾.dlaIrj, wjidk ;Srefõ ;sfnk wlaIr my j¾.dka; wlaIr f,i ye¢kafõ'

tu wlaIr WÉpdrKfha § kdifhka Woõjla ,eîu ksid zkdislH wlaIrZ kñka o

kdihg wkqj WÉpdrKh lrk ksid zwkqkdisl wlaIrZ kñka o y÷kajkq ,efí'

X [ K k u

j¾. wlaIr

l j¾.h l L . > X

p j¾.h p P c CO [

g j¾.h g G v V K

; j¾.h ; : o O k

m j¾.h m M n N u

w,amm%dK" uydm%dK wlaIr

w,amm%dK l . p c g

uydm%dK L > P CO G

v ; o m n

V : O M N

w,amm%dK uydm%dK

l - f,alï . - ixfhda.

p - pkaøhd c - úch

g - YsIag v - ovh

; - iuia; o - u¾okh

m - mjr n - w¾nqoh

L - f,aLk > - wk¾>

P - Pkaoh CO - fndÊCOx.

G - l=IaG V - oDV

: - ud¾.ia: O - j¾Okh

M - ksIaM, N - m%fNao

j¾.dka; wlaIr

10

idïm%odhslj zXZ" z[Z wlaIr iys; j ,shejqKq we;eï jpk j¾;udkfha zxZ ^ìkaÿj&

iys;j o ,shkq ,efí'

isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ we;s Õ" `c" `v" |" U hk wlaIr i[a[l wlaIr fõ' ta wlaIr

;j;a wlaIrhla iu. tl;= ùfuka îxfhda. ùfuka& ilia ù we;s ksid i[a[l

wlaIr fyj;a zw¾OdkqkdislH wlaIrZ kñka ye¢kafõ'

i[a[l wlaIr w;=frka z`cZ wl=r fhfok wjia:d b;d úr, h'

h" r" ," j hk wl=re iajr iy jH[ack w;r msysàu ksid zwka;#ia:dlaIrZ hkqfjka

ye¢kafõ' ms<sfj<ska b" R" Ì yd W hk iajrj,g wkqrEm jk fyhska fï wl=re

zw¾OiajrZ kñka o y÷kajkq ,efí' ikaê ùfuys § fï iajr y;r Bg wkqrEm

jH[ackh njg m;a fjhs'

kS;s¬wkql+, - kS;a¬b¬wkql+, - kS;a¬ha ¬ wkql+, -kS;Hkql+,

hk kso¾Ykfhys ‘b’ iajrh fjkqjg ‘ha’ jH[ackh wdfoaY jkafka ta wkqj h'

nyq¬w¾: - nya¬W¬w¾:- nya¬õ¬w¾:-nyaj¾:

hk ksoiqfkys ‘W’ iajrh fjkqjg ‘õ’ jH[ackh wdfoaY fjhs'

X

[

K

k

u

uÙ., - ux.,

j[apdj - jxpdj

wdKavqj

ika;dmh

iïudkh

i[a[l wlaIr

Õ

`c

~

|

U

iq<Õ

b`cq#

o`vqju

i|lsrK

ks,Ur

wka;#ia:dlaIr ^w¾Oiajr&

h ^ha& b

r ^¾& R

, ^,a& Ì

j ^õ& W

11

WÉpdrKfha § uqLfhka jdhq Odrdj WKqiqïj ksl=;a jk Yío ixfla;j;a lrk

wlaIr zW!IaudlaIrZ hs' W!IaudlaIr z>¾IZ kñka o y`ÿkajkq ,efí'

iajrhlg miqj fhfok neúka zxZ ^ìkaÿj& zwkqiajdrhZ kñka o" WÉpdrKfha §

yqiau fõ.fhka msg jk ksid z#Z hk Yíoh zúi¾.hZ kñka o y÷kajkq ,efí'

ixLHd uk#l,ams;

ixjdoh ÿ#Lodhl

³ isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ wjidk wl=r f,i we;s z*Z ixfla;fhka bx.%Sis yd wrdì

NdIdjkays yuq jk z*aZ Yíoh ksrEmKh fjhs' bx.sßis" wrdì NdIdj,ska isxy,

NdIdjg meñK we;s ;;aiu jpkj, fï wlaIrh fhfoa'

*duis" *s,agrh" *ekagis" *d;sud" *jqis" b¾*dka

NdIdfjys Yío WÉpdrKh iïnkaO tla m%fNaohla f>daI -wf>daI fNaoh hkafkka

ye|skafõ' fuh m%Odk jYfhka u w,amm%dK yd uydm%dK WÉpdrKh yd iïnkaO h'

j¾.dlaIrj, m<uq jk yd f;jk Yío w,amm%dK o fojk yd isjq jk Yío

uydm%dK o jk nj wms oksuq'

l" p" g" ;" m hk uq,a w,amm%dK Yío my yd Bg iudka;r L" P" G" :" M hk

uydm%dK Yío my;a wf>daI Yío hs'

." c" v" o" n hk w,amm%dK Yío my yd Bg iudka;r >" CO" V" O" N hk uydm%dK

Yío my f>daI hs'

zY-I-iZ hk W!Iauka Yío yd úi¾.h;a ^^w&#&" isxy, wlaIr ud,djg w¨;ska tla

fldg we;s * Yíoh;a wf>daI fõ' by; olajk ,o ." c" v" o" n hk f>daI

w,amm%dK Yío my yd >" CO" V" O" N f>daI uydm%dK Yío myg wu;rj ish¨ u

iajr Yío o ish¨ j¾.dka; Yío yd w¾Odkqkdisl Yío o h" r" ," <" j" ya hk Yío

o f>daI .Khg wh;a h'

W!IaudlaIr

^w&# Y I i y *

wkqiajdrh iy úi¾.h

x #

f>daI" wf>daI wlaIr

12

Yío WÉpdrKfha § uqfjys we;s Èj" há o;a fydaa há f;d, hk bkaøshhka W.=r"

;,a," uqÿk" Wvqo;a" Wvqf;d,a wdÈ p,kh fkd jk bkaøshhka fj; iam¾Y ùu isÿ

fõ' tajd wlaIr WmÈk ia:dk hs' wlaIr WmÈk ia:dk wkqj isxy, wlaIr j¾. l<

yels h'

wlaIr W;am;a;s ia:dk

² - lKaGc

² - ;d¨c

² - uQ¾Oc

² - oka;c

² - ÍaGc

lKaGc Èfõ uq, fldgi W.=r ^lKaGh& foig

<x ùfuka WmÈk Yío

w wd l L . > X

Õ y ^w&#

;d¨c Èfõ ueo fldgi ;,a, ^;d¨j& fj;

ióm ùu ksid WmÈk Yío

b B p P c CO [

`c h Y

uQ¾Oc Èfõ w. fldgi uQ¾Oh fyj;a uqÿk

fj; ióm ùu ksid WmÈk Yío

R RD g G v V

K `v r I <

oka;c Èfõ w. fldgi Wvq o;a jeáfha iam¾Y

ùfuka WmÈk Yío

; : o O k | , i

ÍaGc háf;d, yd Wvqf;d, wdOdrfhka WmÈk

Yío

W W! m M n N u

U j *

ikaê yd iudi hk jHdlrKdx. iïnkaOfhka f>daI- wf>daI fNaoh jeo.;a fjhs'

ksoiqka( i;a" ;;a jeks mohla fjk;a mohla iuÕ tla ùfï § mr mofha uq,a Yíofha

f>daI-wf>daI Ndjh u; uq,a mofhys jk z;aZ Yíoh fjkia fjhs'

i;a ¬ ld¾hh - i;ald¾hh i;a ¬ wdY%h - iodY%h

i;a ¬ .=K - ioa.=K i;a ¬ Ndjh - ioaNdjh

;;a ¬ ld,Sk - ;;ald,Sk ;;a ¬ iu - ;;aiu

;;a ¬ wkqnoaO - ;okqnoaO ;;a ¬ Nj - ;oaNj

by; kso¾Ykhkays wf>daI Yíohg fmrgqj fhfok z;;aZ" zi;aZ hk rEm fjkilg ,la

fkd ù mj;sk nj;A f>daI Yíohlska fmrgqj fhfok úg z;aZ hkak wkqrEm f>daI Yíoh

jk zoaZ njg fmrf<k nj;a meyeÈ,s h'

13

by; olajd we;af;a isxy, wlaaIr ud,dj j¾.SlrKhg ,la l< yels úúO wdldrhka h'

tu j¾.SlrK my; oelafjk wdldrfha igyklska bÈßm;a l< yels h'

wjfndaOh

1' my; oelafjk tla tla m%Yakh i|yd jvd;a ksjerÈ W;a;rh § we;s jrK

w;=frka f;darkak'

¸' wlaIr ud,djla hkq"

w& isxy, NdIdfõ ish¨ u Yío ,shd olajk ixfla; iuQyh hs'

^wd& uqúka ksl=;a jk NdId;aul Yío i|yd jk oDIaáf.dapr ixfla;

iuQyh hs'

^we& wlaIr f,aLk.; lsÍu i|yd Ndú; jk l%uhls'

^wE& ixfla; iuQyhlska ieÿï ,;a úfYaI igykls'

¸¸' zwlaIr ud,djZ ye¢kaùu i|yd fhfok kula fkdjkafka"

^w& fydaäh

^wd& wldrdÈh

^we& j¾K ud,dj

^wE& Yío ud,dj

jH[ack

j¾.dlaIr

wf>daI Yío f>daI Yío wf>daI

Yío

w,amm%dK

uydm

%dK

w,amm%dK

uydm

%dK

kdi

slH$w

kqk

disl

j¾.dk

a;

i[

a[l

wl

aIr$

^w¾Ok

qkdi

sl w

laIr&

wk

qiajdr

h

wk

a;#i

a:dl

aIr

W!Iaudl

aIr

W!Iaudl

aIr

lKaGc l L . > X `. ^w&x y ^w&#

;d¨c p P c CO [ `c h Y

uQ¾Oc g G v V K `v r < I

oka;c ; : o O k ò , i

ÍaGc m M n N u U j *

14

¸¸¸' wka;#ia:dlaIrhla fkd fhÿK jpkhla iys; jrKh f;darkak"

^w& rej," ffjrh" i;=g" j,õj

^wd& jrdh" rdjh" jyr" yjßh

^we& fõ,dj" ùrhd" újrh" úr,

^wE& úß;" jdrej" ù¾hh" jr,

¸¹' uq,ska oelafjk wlaIr j¾.hg wh;a wl=rla fkd fhÿK jpkh iys; jrKh

f;darkak'

^w& uydm%dK - M,odhs" O¾ñIaG" ikao¾Nh" n,Yla;sh

^wd& kdislH - ú[a[dKh" iïNdjH" oKavkh" j¾Kkdj

^we& w,amm%dK - .%ka:h" jia;=j" o¾Ykh" w¾nqoh

^wE& i[a[l - <Õmd;" fodUlrh" i|t<sh" .S y~

¹' W!IaudlaIr tlla muKla fhÿK jpkhla iys; jpk fma<sh f;darkak'

^w& úfYaI" iqmqIams;" iskyj" ifya;=l

^wd& ydiHh" ixydrh" m%y¾Ih" isyskh

^we& kIagdjfYaI" ifydaor" nyqY%e;" fyaIdrjh

^wE& ika;=Iaáh" iajNdIdj" iy;slh" oaúNdId

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' isxy, wlaIr ud,dj wdY%fhka my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

iajr y%iaj

§¾>

kdislH wlaIr

i[a[l wlaIr

lKaGc wlaIr

;d¨c wlaIr

uQ¾Oc wlaIr

oka;c wlaIr

ÍaGc wlaIr

wka;#ia:dlaIr

W!IaudlaIr

f>daI wlaIr

wf>daI wlaIr

15

2' my; i|yka uydm%dK wl=re fhfok jpk 2 ne.ska ,shkak'

L ''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''

> ''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''

P ''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''

® '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''

G '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''

V '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''

: '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''

O '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''

M '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''

N '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' my; i|yka fldgqfõ we;s jpkj,ska i[a[l wl=re fh§ we;s jpk muKla

f;dard ,shkak'

w., oÕrh lkao l|

lUh w`vkjd wvh weo

we| i| wn ,Uh

.Õ oEÕ=,a wx.dr .,

;rx. i. fyd~ lo

4' flá ms<s;=re imhkak'

¸' wkqiajdrh iys; jpk folla ,shkak'

¸¸' úi¾.h iys; jpk folla ,shkak'

¸¸¸' z*Z wlaIrh fhfok jpk folla ,shkak'

¸¹' isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ f>daIdlaIr i;rla ,shkak'

¹' W!IaudlaIr i;rla ,shkak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mdvfï we;=<;a isxy, wlaIr ud,djg fmr Ndú;fha mej;s wlaIr ud,djla

we;=<;a lr igykla ilia lrkak' mdvfï we;=<;a wlaIr ud,djg jvd tu

wlaIr ud,dfõ mj;sk fjkialï fidhkak'

2' mer‚ fi,a,smshla ms<sn| ì;a;s mqj;am;g ,smshla ilia lrkak'

16 17

isxy, NdIdfõ l;d jHjydrh ,xldj mqrd Ndú; jkafka tl u wdldrhg

fkd fõ¦ m%foaYfhka m%foaYhg iq¿ iq¿ fjkialï iys;j Ndú; jk

nj fmfkkakg we;' fufia m%foaYhlg úfYaI jQ NdId jHjydr

‘m%dfoaYsl jHjydr’ hk kñka ye¢kafõ' ìka;ekak" fudkrd.," È.du`vq,a,"

inr.uqj" i;a fldar<h" jkaksh" kqjr l,dúh" reyqK jeks m%foaYj, l,lg

fmr m%dfoaYsl jHjydr ,laIK fnfyúka oel .; yels úh' wOHdmkh"

ckudOHh wdÈh m%p,s; ùu ksid isxy, NdIdfõ we;s m%dfoaYsl úúO;d oeka

l%ufhka uelS hkakg mgka f.k we;' tfy;a m%dfoaYsl jHjydr weiqre lr

.;a;d jQ idys;H ks¾udK wm w;r wog o oel .; yels h'

ikaksfõokh myiq lr .ekSu i|yd m%dfoaYsl jHjydr y÷kd .ekSu

wruqKq lr .;a fuu mdvu uydpd¾h fÊ'î' Èidkdhlf.a isxy, ck jyr lD;sfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols'

» fldgi

fudkrd.," fyaka f.dú;ekska ireidr jQ fmfoils' tfy;a tys bÈ flfrk fyaka

jgd olakg ,efnkafka jegj,a fkd fõ' ‘jegx’ h' fmdÿ isxy,fhys nyq w¾:h

fokq jia fhdokq ,nk ‘j,a’ hkak fjkqjg fuys Ndú; jkafka ‘x’ mu‚' fï

rgdj wkqj" fudkrd., § yuq jkafka fodrj,a fkd j zfodrxZ h f.dvj,a fkd j

‘f.dvx’ h' we<j,a fkdj ‘we,x’ h <s|j,a fyda <sx fkd j ‘<s|x’ h'

;udf.a u orejka ye¢kaùfuys § ‘ud’ fyda ‘uha’ hkakla fh§u o fudkrd.,g

yqre jHjydrhls' ;udf.a u mq;d ‘ud mq;d’h' ;udf.a u ÿj ‘ud ¥’ fyj;a ‘uha ¥’h'

;u mq;df.a ìß|g ‘mq;d ¥’ lshd;a ;u ÿjf.a mqreIhdg ‘¥ mq;d’ lshd;a wdorfhka

jyrkq ,efí'

‘uha ¥’ hkafkys ‘uha’ hkak ‘uf.a’ hkak u fï m<df;a Ndú; jk ieá hs' ‘uf.’ hk jpkh ‘u.’ lshd;a fuys § weish yels h' fmdÿ isxy,fhys iïnkaO w¾:h

oekùu ms‚i fhfok ‘f.’ fjkqjg ‘.’ muKla fh§u fï m<df;a iq,N isoaêhls'

fï wkqj" f;df.a hkq ‘f;d.’ fjhs' uy;a;hf. hkq ‘uy;a;h.’ fjhs' ydñfkaf.

hkq zydñfk.Z fjhs'

l,ska isÿ jqKq hula .ek lSfuys § ne¨jd" levqjd" jemqrejd jeks jpkhla fh§u

fmdÿ isxy,fhys rgdj hs' tfy;a fuys Ndú; jk rgdj Bg fnfyúka fjkia h' fuys

3

m%dfoaYsl jHjydr

16 17

fhfokafka ne¨jd hkak fkd j ‘n,õjd’ hkak h' levqjd hkak fkd j ‘lvõjd’ hkak h' jemqrejd hkak fkd j ‘jmqrõjd’ hkak h' fudkrd., jeishka ‘l=oyõjd’ lshkafka ksod .;a;dg h' ‘.yuõjd’ hhs lshkafka úis l<dg h' ‘mqkakõjd’ hhs

lshkafka ksÈ flrejdg h'

br mdhk úg fyda wõj mdhk úg fjk;a m<d;aj, lshkq wefikafka ‘br mEõjd’ fyda ‘wõj mEõjd’ jeks jyrls' tfy;a tu jyr fuys fhfokafka ‘br mEhahd’ fyda

zwõj mEhahd’ hkqfjks' ‘oelald’ hk jpkh fjkqjg ‘ÿgd’ hkakla o fuys jyrkq

,efí' ‘wïud ÿgd mq;a;=’ hk jelsfhka lshfjkafka wïud mq;=ka ÿgq nj hs' fj,d

hkak i|yd ‘ú,d’ hhs fh§u o fudkrd., jyf¾ ,laIKhls' ‘? ú,d’" ‘uqjd ú,d’ hkq úisks'

lsisfjl=g úOdkhla lsÍfuys § ‘lrmx’" ‘n,mx’" ‘îmx’ hkq úiska jHjydr

lsÍu idudkH ck jyf¾ Í;sh fjhs' fuys tk ‘mx’ fjkqjg ‘m’ muKla fh§u

fudkrd., ck jyr hs' ‘lrm’ ‘n,m’ ‘îm’ hkqfjks' ‘.yum’ hhs lshkafka ‘úis

lrmx’ hk wre;sks' ‘l=oym’ hhs lshkafka ‘nqÈh.ksx’ hk wre;sks'

fujeks úOdkhla ;rula wdorfhka hq;=j m< lrk úg ‘fldha’ hkakla tl;=

lsÍu fuys isß; h' ‘jfrx’ hhs fkd lshd ‘jfrxfldha’ lshd;a ‘n,mx’ hhs fkd lshd

‘n,mxfldha’ lshd;a ‘ÿjmx’ hhs fkd lshd ‘ÿjmxfldha’ lshd;a fhfokakdla fia h'

fudkrd., jeisfhl= zux toaÈx ‘hdfldha’ hkqfjka lsj fyd;a fjk;a m<d;l

jeisfhl=g th tla jr u f;areï .ekSu ;rula wmyiq jkq we;' fuys zhdfldhaZ

hk jpkfhka lshfjkafka ‘m,hx’ fyj;a ‘hkagflda’ hk wre; hs' ‘toaÈx’ hkq

fhfokafka tk ;=re fyj;a tk f;la hk f;arefuks' fï wkqj zux toaÈx hdfldhaZ

hkq ;ud tk ;=re hk f,i fudkrd., jeishd ;j tfll=g lS whqre hs' fufia u

hk ;=re hhs lSug ‘hoaÈx’ hkq;a lmk f;la hhs lSug ‘lmoaÈx’ hkq;a fhfoa'

‘jeiai jyskag;a jmqrõjd’ hkq;a fudkrd., fmfoig u iSud jqKq ck jyrla fia

fmfkhs' fuys zjyskag;aZ hkq jysoaÈ;a hk wre;a fohs' hg lS jelsfhka lshfjkafka

jeiai jysoaÈ;a jemsrE njls' fï wkqj ‘lshkav;a’ hkq lshoaÈ;a hk wre; o" ‘n,kag;a’ hkq n,oaÈ;a hk wre; o fohs'

ke;=j hkak ‘ke;=x’ fia o legqj hkak ‘legqx’ fia o fudkrd., fmfofiys

fhfohs' ‘l=oykake;=x jfr,a,d’ hhs lshkafka mud fkd ù fyj;a ksod .kafka

ke;s j wd hq;= nj lSug h' ‘fudlal= legqx mkx Wfka@’ hk m%Yakfhka wefikafka

ljqreka legqj .shd o hk j. hs' fï m%Yakhg ms<s;=rla fkd okakd l, ‘ljqoaox’ hhs lshkq wefia' tys wre; ‘ljqo okafk’ fyda ‘wfka ukaokakE’ jekakls' ‘ke;a;x’ hk jpkh ‘keÜgx’ hkqfjka o fuys § wikakg ,efí'

m%Yakhla weiSfuys § ‘o’ hk jpkh fhdod ‘.shd o’ ‘fudl o@’ jeks jyr Ndú;

lsÍu fmdÿ isxy,fhys Í;sh jqj;a fudkrd., Í;sh Bg u|la fjkia fjhs' tjeks

‘o’ hkakla fhdokq fjkqjg lg y`v Wia my;a lsÍfuka u tu jelsh m%Yakhl

ú,difhka weiSug fudkrd., jeisfhda iu;a;= h' ‘wmamÉÑ fyakg .shd o@’ hhs

wikq fjkqjg ‘wmamÉÑ fyakg .shd@’ hkqfjka WÉpdrK èjksh Wia fldg l;d

18 19

lsÍu fuys fndfyda úg isÿ fjhs' ‘fldfya o’ hkq fuys § ‘fldyd@’ jkakdla fia u

‘fudkj o@’ hkq ‘fudkd@’ fjhs'

fmdÿ isxy,fhys fhfok iuyr jpk fudkrd., m<df;a fhfokafka fjkia

fjkia wre;a okjñks' fudkrd., jeishka ‘bÕ=re’ hhs lshkafka ‘bßÕ=’ i|yd h'

tneúka tys ‘brex .ia’ muKla fkd j ‘bÕ=re lr,a’ o yuq fjhs' fuys ‘wU’ hkqfjka

ye¢kafjkafka ‘mefmd,a’ fyj;a ‘.ia ,nq’ h' ‘mqyq,a’ hkafkka ‘jÜglald’ o ‘fldlsia’ hkafkka ‘lsß w,’ o woyia flf¾'

fjk;a m<d;aj, jeishka Wfoa yji fhdok iuyr jpk fuys jeishka i,lkafka

wiNH w¾:hla o cks; lrjk jyr yeáhg h' tneúka ‘l=re,a,d’ hk jpkh

fjkqjg fuys fhfokafka ‘il,hd’ hkq hs' fyakaj,g tk l=re,a,ka mekakSu

fuys ye¢kafjkafka ‘il,fhd wUkjd’ hkqfjks' fmdä orejka ,jd ‘il,hkag

´.dkag’ fyda lS.dkag ie,eiaùfuka Wka t<ùu isÿ flf¾' ‘f,,a,’ hk jpkh o

fuys § Ndú; l< hq;af;a mßiaiñks' fuys jeishka ‘fmd,a f,,a,’ hhs fkdlshd

‘fmd,a lgqj’ fyda ‘fmd,a fmd;a;’ hhs lshkafka f,,a, .ek i|yka lsÍug wlue;s

fyhsks' ‘f,,s .ykjd’ hkak i|yd ‘Thkjd’ hkq fhfokafka o fï fya;=fjks'

»» fldgi

wm ldg ldg;a kEoEfhda isá;s' tfy;a Tjqka ye¢kaùu i|yd ,xldj

mqrd u fhfokafka tl u mo fkd fõ' tla m<d;l ‘;d;a;d’ hkqfjka wefik

moh Wvrg m<d;g .sh úg wefikafka ‘wmamÉÑ’ fyda ‘wmqÉpd’ hkqfjks' wïudg

‘wïuKaä’ lshd .re ire we;sj l;d lrk isxy,fhda ol=Kq m<df;a isá;s'

foudmshkaf.a foudmshka ye¢kaùug fhfok mo fnfyúka fjkia h' fï fofmd<

y÷kajkq ms‚i fld<U m<df;a wikakg ,efnkafka ‘iShd’ yd ‘wdÉÑ’ hk

mo fol hs' tfy;a fld<ôka wE;g .sh l,g ‘lsß w;a;d’ ‘lsß wmamd’ ‘wd;a;d’ ‘w;a;mamd’ ‘f,dl= w;a;d’ jeks moj,ska iShd;a ‘lsß wïud’ ‘w;a;ïud’ ‘ySka w;a;d’ jeks moj,ska wdÉÑ;a ye¢kafj;s'

‘uq;a;d’ hk moh jeämqr fhfokafka iShdf.a;a iShd ye¢kaùug jqj;a ol=Kq m<df;a

fuh fhfokafka iShd i|yd nj o wikakg ,eì‚'

mshdf.a ifydaorhka ye¢kaùug fhfok kï o m<df;ka m<d;g fjkia fõ'

mshdf.a jeäuy,a ifydaorhd i|yd ‘f,dl= ;d;a;d’ ‘f,dl= wmamÉÑ’ ‘nlalmamÉÑ’ ‘uymamd’ hk mo fhfok w;r Tyqf.a nd, ifydaorhd ye¢kaùug ‘ndmamd’ ‘l=vmamd’ ‘l=vmamÉÑ’ hk mo fhfoa' ndmamdg ‘ndmafmdÉÑ’ hk ku o fhfoa'

ujf.a ifydaoßhka ye¢kaùug fhfok kï o m<d;ska m<d;g fjkia h' ujf.a

jeäuy,a ifydaoßh i|yd ‘f,dl= wïud’ ‘nlalïud’ ‘uyïud’ hk mo fhfok

w;r wef.a nd, ifydaoßh ye¢kaùug ‘mqxÑ wïud’ ‘l=vïud’ hk mo fhfoa' iuyr

m<d;l ‘l=vïud’ hehs fhfokafka mshdf.a fofjks újdyh ksid mjq,g tla jk

ldka;dj y÷kajkq ms‚i h'

18 19

újdyfhka miq ‘uduKaä’ yd ‘kekaoïud’ hkqfjka fofofkla mjq,g tl;= fj;s'

udud i|yd ‘uduKaä’ hkak;a iuyr m<d;l fhfoa' tfia u uduKaä ye¢kaùug

‘wïuKaä’ hk moh y;r fldar<fhys;a we;eï Wvrg m<d;aj,;a fhfoa' W!j

m<df;a ‘wïuKaä’ hk mofhka ye¢kafjkafka kekaod h'

»»» fldgi

kdu mo fuka u ls%hd mo o m<df;ka m<d;g fjkia fjhs' ‘îjd’ hk moh

Wv/áhka w;r jHjydr jkafka ‘nqkakd’ hkqfjks' ‘ysáhd’ hk moh Wv/áhka

w;r jHjydr jkafka ‘ysÜgd’ hkqfjks' ‘oeïud’ hk moh ol=Kq m<df;a isxy,hka

w;r jHjydr jkafka ‘oEjd’ hkqfjks' ‘ux Tfyag ,shqula oEjd’ hehs lshkq ud;r

§ wikakg ,eìh yels h'

‘n,kjd’ ‘ys;kjd’ ‘jmqrkjd’ jeks moj,ska w;S; ls%hd mo iod .kakd rgdj

o m<d;ska m<d;g fjkia fõ' fmdÿ isxy,fhys ta moj,ska iefokafka ‘ne¨jd’ ‘ys;=jd’ ‘jemsrejd’ hk ls%hd mo hs' tfy;a Wvrg m<d;l § ‘n,õjd’ ‘ys;õjd’ ‘jmqrõjd’ hk ls%hd mo o wefia'

fmdÿ isxy,fhys ‘tkak’ ‘jdä fjkak’ ‘fndkak’hkqfjka flfrk wdrdOkd

Wvrg isxy,hka w;ska flfrkafka ‘tkag’ ‘jdä fjkag’ ‘lkag’ hkqfjks' ‘lrmx’ ‘n,mx’ ‘lshmx’ jeks ls%hd mo ol=Kq m<df;ys § ‘lryx’ ‘n,yx’ ‘lshyx’ hkqfjka

fjkia fjhs' tfia u ‘lrm,a,d’ ‘n,m,a,d’ ‘lshm,a,d’ jeks ls%hd mo ‘lry,a,d’ ‘n,y,a,d’ ‘lshy,a,d’ hkqfjka fjkia fjhs'

wjfndaOh

1' m%dfoaYsl jHjydr hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ula o@

2' fudkrd., m%foaYfha hul=g úOdkhla fok ck jyr flfia o@

3' tys úOdkhla wdorfhka mejiSfï § oelsh yels úfYaI ,laIKh l=ula o@

4' fudkrd., jeishka hul=f.ka m%Yakhla wik whqre fmdÿ isxy, Í;shg jvd

fjkia he hs mjikafka l=ula ksid o@

5' my; i|yka fmdÿ isxy, jpk i|yd fhfok m%dfoaYsl jHjydr mdvfuka

Wmqgd ,shkak'

fodrj,a ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

îjd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

br mEõjd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

wU ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

mqyq,a ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

l=re,a,d ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

20 21

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' úúO m<d;aj, {d;Ska ye¢kaùug Ndú; flfrk m%dfoaYsl jHjydr j.=

igyklska olajkak'

2' mdvfuys i|yka ls%hd mo weiqfrka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tn m%foaYhg wdfõ‚l tÈfkod l;dnfya § Ndú; fhÿï oyhla fidhd

,shkak'

{d;s;ajh m<d; m%dfoaYsl jHjydrh

;d;a;d Wvrg wmamÉÑ$ wmqÉpd

fmdÿ jyr úfYaI jyr Ndú; lrk m%foaYh

ne¨jd n,õjd Wvrg

20 21

kdu mohla hkq lsishï flfklaa" fohla" ia:dkhla " iajNdjhla y÷kajk mo nj;a

ls%hd mohla hkq ùula" ú£ula" lsÍula yÕjk mo nj;a tajdfha úúO m%fNao we;s

nj;a Tn fï jk úg;a Wf.k we;'

kdu mohl fyda ls%hd mohl uq,a iajrEmh m%lD;sh fyj;a uQ,h f,i ye¢kafjhs'

kdu mohl uq,a rEmh kdu m%lD;sh kñka o ls%hd mohl uq,a rEmh Od;= m%lD;sh

kñka o ye¢kafjhs'

1' l=ur ¬ wd - l=urd l=ur ¬ B - l=uÍ

2' n, ¬ hs - n,hs n, ¬ ;s - n,;s

fuys m<uq fmf<a zl=urdZ iy zl=uÍZ hk kdu mo fol u ks¾udKh ù we;af;a

zl=urZ hk m%lD;shg kdu m%;Hhla tla ùfuks' ta wkqj zl=urZ hkq kdu m%lD;shls'

fojk fmf<a zn,hsZ iy zn,;sZ hk ls%hd mo ks¾udKh ù we;af;a zn,Z hk

m%lD;shg ls%hd m%;Hhla tla ùfuks' ta wkqj zn,Z hkq Od;= m%lD;shls'

fndfyda úg kdu m%lD;shla fyda Od;= m%lD;shla fhfokafka m%;Hh .kajk ,o

mohla f,isks' tfy;a m%lD;sh iajdëkj mj;sk wjia:d o fjhs'

l=ur ^.S&" ñksia ^wei&

we;eï kdu m%lD;s úfYaIK mo jYfhka fhfok wdldrh by; oelafõ' isxy,

NdIdfõ úfYaI;ajhla jkafka kdu m%lD;sh fyj;a jr fkd ke.=Kq rEmh úfYaIKh

jYfhka Ndú; ùu hs'

.ia" mqgq

hk kso¾Yk ie,l+ úg wm%dKjdÖ kdu moj, fndfyda úg nyq jpk rEmh jkafka

m%lD;sh u nj fmfkhs'

.h .hd" n, n,d

fuys ;o meyefhka olajd we;s fhÿï Od;= m%lD;s fõ' tkï fun÷ ñY% ls%hdj,

fhfok mo foflka m<uq jekak m%lD;sh jYfhka u mj;S'

ñY% ls%hd idod .kakd wfkla l%uh jkafka Od;= m%lD;shg zñkaZ m%;Hh tla lsÍuhs'

tys o Od;= m%lD;sh fjka fldg y÷kd .ekSu myiq fõ'

.hñka" n,ñka

m%fhdacH ls%hdfõ § o Od;= m%lD;sh y÷kd .ekSu myiq h' m%fhdacH ls%hd m%;Hh jk

zjZ hkakg fmr Od;= m%lD;sh meyeÈ,sj oelsh yels h'

.hjhs" n,jhs

óg by; § Tn ls%hd moj, úúO m%fNao ms<sn|j bf.k f.k we;' my; igyfka

oelafjkafka ls%hd mo j¾.SlrKhls'

kdu m%lD;s yd Od;= m%lD;s

22 PB

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk kdu moj, m%lD;s fjka fldg olajkak'

¸' myk ¹¸' lkao

¸¸' oeßh ¹¸¸' uy,af,da

¸¸¸' w;af;ka ¹¸¸¸' h;=r

¸¹' isxyhd ¸º' .srjq

¹' .%ka:h º' hym;

2' my; oelafjk Od;= m%lD;s weiqfrka by; igyfka oelafjk ls%hd mo j¾.

f.dv kÕkak'

¸' wi ¸¸' lm ¸¸¸' ,sh ¸¹' ;n ¹' rls

3' by; wNHdifha § f.dv ke.+ ls%hd mo Ndú; lr jdlH ks¾udKh lrkak'

m%fhdacH ls%hd fjk;a whl= ,jd lrjk ls%hd lrjhs" n,jhs"

.hjhs" kgjhs"

ÿjjhs

úê l%shd fjk;a whl=g lrk lsishï úOdkhla"

b,a,Sula yeÕfjk ls%hd

lkak" fndkq"

y¢jq" niskak"

n,kak

wdYS¾jdo ls%hd lsishï m%d¾:kdjla yeÕfjk ls%hd Èfkajd" ,efíjd"

iekfiajd"

jekfiajd" n,djd

wiïNdjH ls%hd

ld,d¾:fha hï lsis ls%hdjla isÿ jk

wiïNdjH wjia:dfõ isÿ jk fjk;a

ls%hd ls%hd ^ld,h ms<sn| yeÕfõ&

loa§" fndoa§" hoa§"

nisoa§ " n,oa§

wkshud¾:fha hï lsis ls%hdjla isÿ ùug

wiïNdjH n,mdk wfkla ls%hd

ls%hd ^wúksYaÑ; njla yeÕfõ&

lEfjd;a" îfjd;a"

neiafid;a"

ne¨fjd;a"

msrefKd;a

mQ¾j ls%shd wjidk ls%hdjg fmr isÿ lrk ls%hd ld" î" ye|" nei"

n,d

ñY% ls%hd wjidk ls%hdjg iu.dój isÿ lrk ls%hd lld" lñka" ì î

fndñka" ye| ye|"

y¢ñka" nei nei"

nisñka" n, n,d"

n,ñka

PB 23

wfma rfÜ ixialD;sh" idrO¾u yev.eiaùfuys ,d nqÿoyu úiska lrk ,o

ld¾hNdrh iqúYd, h' uyskaod.ukh;a iu. ,o oyu;a" NdIdj;a" l,d Ys,am

wdÈh;a isxy, ck Ôú;h mqnqÿjd ,S h' jej hs" od.en hs hk f;audj u;

yev.eiqKq foaYSh ixialD;shg moku jQfha fn!oaO úydria:dkh hs' fï

mdvu nqÿoyu meñŒfuka miq wdrduh jeks wx. ks¾udKh ù úldYkh ùu

ms<sn|j uq,a wjia:dj yd iïnkaO fõ' uydpd¾h j,afmd< rdyq, ysñhkaf.a

,laÈj nqÿiufha b;sydih lD;sfhys mßÉfþohlaa fï mdvug we;=<;a fõ'

nqÿoyu rcfha yd jeishkaf.a wd.u njg

m;a jQ miq NslaIQkag ckdjdifhka ÿr neyer

.sßuqÿkaj, yd jkdka;rj, msysá md¿

.,a.=ydj, yd mkai,aj, jev jikag bv

fokag fkd yels úh' ula ksid o h;a" túg

isjqmih imhñka Wka jykafia,d kv;a;=

l< jeishdg NslaIQkaf.ka bgq úh hq;= wjjdo

wkqYdikdÈ lghq;= w;miq jk neúks' tfyhska

.sys meúÈ wdY%h myiqfjka fkdlvjd mj;ajd

.; yels jk mßÈ" iY%Sl k.r yd ireidr .ï

wi, wdrdu my< jkakg úh'

,xldfjys m<uqfjka u my< jqKq wdrduh

wkqrdOmqr uyfujqkd Whfkys fojkmE;sia

rcq lrjQ ;siaidrduh hs' miq lf,l

uydúydrh njg fmr¿fKa fï wdrduh hs'

uq, § fuys jQfha NslaIq wdjdih i|yd lrjk

,o ld,mdido msßfjK kï ueá f.hla

muK h' miq úfgl" rcq yd weu;shka úiska

NslaIQkaf.a m%fhdackh i|yd uyfujqkd

Whfkys ;j;a f.j,a lsysmhla idojk

,È' ffp;Hh ,xldfõ wdrduhl wx.hla

njg m;a jqfKa :Qmdrduh lrùfuka miq h'

fndaêh o tys u wx.hla jQfha nqoaO.hdfjka

:Qmdrduh

rejkaje,suyd iEfha we;=¿ u¿j

4 wdrdufha ks¾udKh

24 25

jevu lrjQ Y%S uyd fndaê YdLdj uyfujqkd Whfkys frdamKh lsÍfuka miq h'

isoaëka fol u jQfha foajdkïmsh;siai iufhys § h' fï ld,fha § u reyqKq rfgys o

Èjhsfka fiiq m<d;aj, o úYd, wdrdu my< fjkag mgka .;s' l%s' mQ' fojk Y;

j¾Ih jk úg" ÿgq.euqKq ld,fha § m%dido .Kkdjlska ieÿKq wkqrdOmqr uyd

úydrh NslaIQka rdYshlg jdiia:dkh úh' wNh.sßh yd fÊ;jkh wkqrdOmqrfhys

msysá ;j;a m%Odk wdrdu folls' fï folska wNh.sßh l%s' mQ' m<uq jk Y;j¾Ifha

§ o fÊ;jkh l%s' j' isjq jk Y;j¾Ifha § lrjk ,oafoa úh'

ix>djdihlg idudkHfhka jHjydr jqfKa zwdrduZ ke; fyd;a zúydrZ hk fï

ku h' l%s' j' mia jk Y;j¾Ifhys ms<s.;a u;h mßÈ hg;a msßfihska i;r ßhkl

mkai,la mjd" tys ffp;Hhla wef;d;a" tys nK weiSu fjf;d;a" isjq È.ska meñfKk

uyKqkag" wjirhla ke;sj o tys md fidaod" h;=frka fodr wer" fikiqka ms<sfh,

fldg" ,e.=ï f.k" is;=ukdmhg msg ù hkag ,efnf;d;a" we;af;ka u —isjq È.ska

meñfKk NslaIQka i|yd˜ lrjk ,o úydrhls'

úydrhlg wjYH u wx. kï ffp;Hh;a ,e.=ïf.h yd O¾u foaYkd lsÍu;a nj

fï j.ka;sfhka fmfka' tkuq;a iïmQ¾K wdrduhl fodrgqfjys fodrgq meka uäh

kï f.dvke.s,a,la ;snqfKa h' fï jkdys meka l< ;nd ;snQ ;ek hs' fufia meka

l< ;nd ;snqfKa isoaOia:dkhg msúfikakg fmr jkaokdlrejkag w;a fodajk

lsÍug" u,a jÜáhg meka biSug yd îug nj is;sh yels h' fÊ;jkdrdufhys

fodrgq meka uäh ;rula úYd, fouy,a f.dvke.s,a,la úh' lsis u wd.ka;=lhl=g

f.dvke.s,af,ys Wvquyf,ys j;a háuyf,ys j;a meka l< i|yd fjka jqKq ;ek

j;a kej;S isàug bv fkd Èh hq;= he hs kshuhla lr ;snqfKa h' fï uKavmh ÿr

neyeßka meñ‚ jkaokd kvj,g uqyqK" lg yd md fidaod .ekSug;a msßisÿ we÷ï

we| .ekSug;a yels jk mßÈ ;rula bvlv we;s ;ekla jQ nj fmfka'

wkqrdOmqrfha we;eï od.eíj, u¿jg we;=¿

jk fodrgqfjys msh.egfm< wi, fldryl

yevhg j<.eiqKq .,a l=Üá ;snqfKa h'

wkqrdOmqrh wi, mkal=,sh wdrdufhys fun÷

.,a fldryl fldgd ;sî yuq jqKq ,smshl

fï n÷fkys ku i|yka jkafka zmdfoda‚Z

hkqfjks' fï kñka u th l=ula i|yd

oe hs jegfya' l,HdKj;S ìijf.a rejkaje,s

iE ,smsfhys fï .,a fldry i|yka jkafka

zmdfo‚Z hk kñks' zmdfo‚Z hhs lsh; yels"

;ks .f,ka flgQ fun÷ zfoda‚Z :Qmdrdu wdÈ

we;eï od.eí wi, olakg ,efí' fïjdhska

fmfkkafka isoaOia:dkhg we;=¿ jkakg

fmr jkaokdlrejkag md fidaod .ekSug Èh

msreKq .,afo‚ ;snqKq njhs'

:Qmdrdufha leã f.dia we;s mdfoda‚

mkal=,sh .,a fldry

24 25

wdrdu N+ñh we;=<; m%Odk mQcH jia;=j jQfha nqÿka jykafiaf.a Od;= ksoka l<

ffp;Hh fyj;a od.en hs' l=vd ffp;Hhla .ek flfia jqj;a hg;a msßfihska

rejkaje,s iEh jeks m%Odk od.eí jgd u¿jla ;sì‚' msg u¿j" jd¨ldx.K fyj;a

je,s u¿j kï úh' iqÿ je,s w;=< fï u¿j jgd mjqrla úh' Bg by<ska we;=¿ u¿j

wo ojfia mjd wmg wkqrdOmqrfhys olakg ,efnk mßÈ .,a ,E,s w;=rd lrk

,oaols' fï u¿j jgd lhsfhdarejla yeáhg we;a mjqrla ^y;aÓmdldr&" tA lshkafka

we;a rEmj,ska hq;a mjqrla úh' uy fodrgq i;frys f;drK i;rla ;snqfKa h'

ffp;Hfhys nqínq,dldrh kexjqfKa zfõÈld N+ñZ fyj;a zmqmaMdOdkZ hk kñka

ye|skajqKq" flfuka msysá ;=kaud,a fmaidj Wv h' fuh iEfha m;=, hs' fï

;=kaud, fmaidfjka by< u fmaidj u,a ms§ug u,a wiqka yeáhg mdúÉÑ lrk

,oafoa h' ueo fmaidj mjd nd.od fï i|yd u mdúÉÑ lrkakg we;' by< u

fmaidj zl=ÉP fõÈld N+ñhZhs kï úh' my< u fmaidfjys iEh jfÜ u kshñ;

mr;rhlg wkqj fldgk ,o mdo mSÀld kï wä i,l=Kq oyihla úh' fï

i,l=Kqj,ska oelajqfKa by< fmaidfjys u,a mQcd lsÍfuka miq iEh meol=Kq lrk

.uka jkaokdlrejka miÕ msysgqjd jekao hq;= ;eka h' fï ud,a fmaidjg k.skag

mä fm<j,a ;snqfKa h'

iEh jgd iEf.hla ^fÉ;sh>r& úh' .,a lKq u; kexjqKq f.dvkeÕs,a, iEhg

wdjrKhla yeáhg jy,lska o hqla; úh' we;eï úg fodrj,a o iú fldg we;=f<ys

,iaik m,ia o w;=rd ;snqfKa h' fï w;ska n,k úg iEf.h iEh jgd ;ekQ f.hla

jf.a h' f.a we;=f<ys u,a ms§ug u,a wiqka úh'

iEf.hla lrjk ,oafoa :Qmdrduh yd wïnia:,h jeks l=vd od.eíj,g muKla

nj kgnqqkaj,ska fmfka' rejkaje,s iEh fyda wNh.sßh fyda fÊ;jkh jeks úYd,

od.eíj,g iEf.hla ;snqKq nj fld;ekl j;a i|yka ù ke;' tjeks od.eíj,g

f.hla lrùu fkd l< yels fohla nj ldg;a jegfykq we;' iEf.h iEhg u

muKla fkd j" jkaokdlrejkag o wõjg" jeiaig wdjrKhla úh' iEf.h iEhg

/ljrKhla jqj o ir,lu u ,laIK fldg .;a wdkqNdj iïmkak fYdaNdjg

kï thska" úfYaIfhka i| t<sfhka nen¿Kq rd;%shl §" jqfKa ndOdjls' we;eï úg

iEh is;a;ïj,ska w,xldr lrk ,oafoa úh' fojk w.afnda rcq ^l%s'j' 601-611& úiska

m%lD;s lrùfuka miq :Qmdrdufhys lrjk ,o is;a;ï óg ksoiqkls' ioaOd;siai

rcq ^l%s'mQ' 77-59& úiska wïnia:, od.en ufkdais,d fyj;a r;aysßh,a iqKq .d rka

meyefhka w,xldr lrjk ,oafoa h'

ffp;Hh yereKq úg B<Õg m%Odk fldg ie,l=fKa fndaêh hs' we;eï fndaëka

zjâVudk fndaêZ wdÈ úfYaI kïj,ska ye¢kaùfuka u" fï mQcH jDlaIhg fn!oaOhka

oelajQ wdorh" f.!rjh fld;rï oe hss Tmamq fõ' wdrduhl §" fndaêhg ,efnkafka

nqÿka jykafiaf.a YdÍßl Od;+kag ,efnk f.!rjia:dkhg muKla fojeks jk

;ekls' fnda .il w;a;la lemSug wjirh ,enqfKa thska iïnqoaO Od;+ka ksoka

fldg we;s ffp;Hhlg fyda m%;sudjlg fyda wdik>rhlg fyda ndOdjla jQ úg

mu‚¦ ke; fyd;a Èrk fyda ÿïu,ldß wdÈh jEiafik fyda w;a;la lemSu" ñksia

lhg ie;alñka iqjhla jkakd fia" .i iqj fia jeãug ms<shula jkafka kï

26 27

mu‚' w;a;l jik l=re,a,ka iEh u;

jiqre fy<f;d;a túg o w;a;la lemSug

wjirh ;sì‚' tfy;a fjk fudk u

lreKla ksid j;a fnda w;a;la lemSu

;ykï úh'

fnda u¿jl i;r Èidfjys f;drK

i;rla o fndaêh jgd fõÈhla fyj;a Wia

.,a u¿jla o úh' jkaokdlrejka fndaêh

j¢kag oK .eiqfõ fï .,a u¿fjys h'

fndaêhg Bg jvd lsÜgqfjka fndaê>rh

fyj;a fndaf.hla úh' fï f.h idok

,oafoa" iEf.h fuka Wäka fkdj"

w;=j,g my;ska .i jfÜ h' we;eï úg

fndaf.h ;=< nqÿ ms<suhla o úh' iEf.h

fuka u fï f.h o fndaêh meol=Kq l<

Y%oaOdjka;hkag wdrlaIdj §fï woyiska

;ekqjd úh yels h'

jeo.;alñka B<Õg ie,flkafka

nqÿ ms<suh ;ekam;a lr ;snQ máud>r

fyj;a ms<suf.h hs' ms<suf.h

,xldfõ wdrduhl wx.hla jQfha ljr

l,l § o hkq fuys § úuish hq;=

lreKls' uyd úydrh i|yd ñys÷ ud

ysñhka iemhQ ie,eiafuys uyd:Qmh yd

uydfndaêh msysgqùug iqÿiq ;eka kshu

lrk ,oafoa uq;a ms<suf.hlg ;ekla

kshu fkd ù h' l%s' mQ' f;jk Y;j¾Ifha

wfidal ld,fha § nqÿ ms<su ;snqKq njla

oek .kag ke;s nj fuys § isys lg

hq;= h' idxÑfhys iy Ndre;ays mer‚

leghïj, nqÿ ms<suhla olakg ke;'

fuys § nqÿka jykafia fmfkkag isáh

hq;= u hhs ksielfhka u ie,lsh yels

o¾Ykj, § mjd" Wka jykafia ksrEmKh

jkafka isßmd igykla fyda pl%hla fyda

u,aud,d m,ka fiai;lska hg fijK

jqKq wdikhla jeks ixfla;hlsks'

Ndre;ays leghïj, tla o¾Ykhl §

wcdi;a rcq isßmd igyk bÈßfha oK

ñyska;f,a wïnia;, ffp;Hh

iS.sßfha fndaê>rh

,xld;s,l ms<suf.h

26 27

.id isákq oelafõ' tfy;a tys i|yka ,smsfhka —wcd;Y;%e nqÿkag kuialdr lrhs˜

hkqfjka ksYaÑ; f,i u lshefõ' oUÈõ jeishka nqqÿ ms<su iE§ug yd je£ug mgka

.;af;a wfidal iufhka uE; ld,hl nj Tmamq jk ksoiqka /ila u we;'

wjfndaOh

1' iY%Sl k.r yd ireidr .ï wi, wdrdu bÈ ùug ;=vq ÿka fya;=j l=ula o@

2' —isoaëka fol u jQfha foajdkïmsh;siai iufha § h˜ fï m%ldYfha oelafjk

isÿùï fol i|yka lrkak'

3' isjq È.ska meñfKk NslaIQka i|yd lrjk ,o úydrhlg w;HjYH wx. ;=k kï

lrkak'

4' meka uäh" mdfo‚h hk kïj,ska y÷kajkq ,nk wdrdu wx. foflys ld¾hNdrh

olajkak'

5' fnda .il w;a;la lemSug wjir ,enqfKa ljr wjia:djkays o@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk jpk i|yd fhfok isxy, jpk mdvfuka Wmqgd ,shkak'

i' jd¨ldx.K v' mqmaMdOdk

¸¸' fndaê>r ¹¸' fÉ;sh>r

¸¸¸' y;aÓmdldr ¹¸¸' wcd;Y;%e

iv' máud>r ¹¸¸¸' Yafõ; P;%h

2' uq,ska § we;s mohg iudkd¾:hla fkdfok jpkh f;darkak'

i' ñÿ, - u¿j" ud,lh" wx.Kh" t<suyk

ii' .Dyh - ud<s.dj" f.h" >rh" ksjdih

iii' ia;+mh - ffp;Hh" wdrduh" od.en" iEh

iv' m%dldrh - mjqr" mßlafIamh" fldgqj" ;dmamh

v' lkao - .sr" WÉph" mõj" m¾j;h

3' my; oelafjk mo i|yd úreoaOd¾:j;a moh ne.ska ,shkak'

i' úfõlS ii' idudkHfhka

iii' wd.ka;=l iv' iY%Sl

v' wdY%h vi' we;=<;

vii' mE<È. viii' ckY+kH

28 29

NdIdj ixialD;sl fuj,uls' iudchl jik ckhdf.a Ôjfkdamdh" isß;a úß;a"

is;=ï me;=ï" weoys,s yd wdl,am u; NdIdj f.dvkef.a' NdIdfõ we;eï jpk yd

fhÿï ld,hla ;siafia jHjydr ùu ksid jdpHd¾:h blaujk wuq;= w¾: tAjdg

wdfrdamKh fjhs' tAjd idïm%odhsl fhÿï f,i ie,fla' isxy, NdIdfõ jHjydr

jk hq., mo" rEÎ fyj;a bÕs jels yd m%ia;dj msre¿ fun÷ jHjydr h'

my; oelafjk jdlH hq., foi n,kak'

wjqreÿ Wf,f<a mej;s lU we§fï ;r.fhka wms ch.%yKh lf<uq'

fomsßi w;r jQ lU we§fï m%;sM,hla jYfhka ud¾.fha w¨;ajeähdj weKysg we;'

uq,a jelsfhys zlU we§fïZ hkak fh§ we;af;a zlU we§uZ kï l%Svdj oelaùu

i|yd h' th jdpHd¾:h hs'

fojeks jelsfhka tfia fkd fõ' tys we;af;a tlÕ;djla ke;slu hk wdfrdams;

wre;ls'

fï wkqj rEÎ fyj;a bÕs jels u.ska m< jkqfha jdpHd¾:h u; wdfrdamKh jQ wuq;=

wre;ls' l;d lsÍfï § fuka u ,sùfï § woyia rij;aj yd is;a .kakd fia bÈßm;a

lsÍug fï fhÿï Wojq fõ' fï tn÷ fhÿï lsysmhls'

foys lemqjd - neKjeÿKd

w;aje,a ne| f.k - tlg tla ù

lKfldld y~,d - úkdYh <x fj,d

l=vïudf.a ie,ls,a, - fjkialu

yh y;r fkdokakd - oekqï f;areï fkdue;s

lrnd f.k - ksYaYíoj

lcq lkakd fia - b;d myiqfjka

yuia fmÜáhg hEu - l%shd;aul fkdù ;sîu

le,E kSs;sh - n,j;d ÿn,hd fm<Su

yqUia ìh - wia:dk ìh

ur wef|a - wka;su wjia:dfõ

wÕska lsß foùu - ksIaM, ld¾hhla lsÍu

má levqKd - f.!rjh flf,iqKd

idïm%odhsl fhÿï

rEÎ fyj;a bÕs jels

28 29

w;= lvd fudr lkakd fia

mrx.shd fldaÜfÜ .shd fia

§lsrg n<,a¨;a idlals ¨

NdIdjl iÔj nj" ´fcda .=Kh m< flfrk fujeks idïm%odhsl fhÿï zm%ia;dj

msre¿Z kï fjhs' m%ia;dj msre¿ hkafkys zKhg b,a,d .;a foaZ hk wre;a .eí

fjhs' tA wkqj w;S;fha úiQ wfma me/kakkaf.ka Khg .;a fï NdId;aul jHjydr

iudcfha úúO wjia:dj, § Ndú;hg .efka' l;dfõ § yd f,aLkfha § woyila

jvd;a rij;aj w¾:j;aj m< lsÍu i|yd m%ia;dj msre¿ Wojq fõ'

m%ia;dj msre¿ fndfyda úg ft;sydisl isÿùula" ckl;djla" mqrdjD;a;hla" mqoa.,

pß;hla fyda iudc ixisoaêhla" i;=kaf.a p¾hdjla fyda mßirh ksÍlaIKfhka

oelafjk fohla weiqfrka Wmka lshukls' fï tn÷ msre¿ lsysmhla yd tAjd fhdod

.; yels wjia:d h'

m%ia;dj msre¿

msre< wjia:dj

j¢kak .sh foajdf,a ysi u; lvd

jegqKd jf.a

msysgla m;d .sh ;ekska úm;la isÿ ùu

Wmka f.hs isß; n,s weßh;a hkafk

ke;s ¨

ckaufhka wd ÿ¾.=K bj;,sh fkd yels

nj

§lsrg n<,a¨;a idlals ¨ jdis me;a;g ljqre;a ys;j;aj l;d lsÍu

lef,ag mdhmq y| jf.a w.hla fkdue;s ùu

tmd jdfyg fydÈ fnokakd jf.a ms<sl=f,ka fyda fkd ie,ls,af,ka ie,lSu

Wäka ñ;=re háka y;=re fndrejg ñ;=relï fmkajñka ryiska

y;=relï lsÍu

w;= lvd fudr lkakd fia wh ud¾. uq¿ukska u úkdY lr ±óu

W!frda ljo o ly lEfõ@ wOuhkag W;=ï fohla m,la ke;slu

l¿jd udrmka .shd jf.a wruqKlska f;drj jev lsÍu

mqxÑ wïud;a weú;a lejqï mqxÑ l<d

jf.a

úYd, n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla we;sj isáh o

m%;sM,h w,am ùu'

l,l È jy¨ l,l È ri fjkjd ¨ l,la i;=rej isá wh mjd miqj ñ;=rka

jk nj

w,s uÈjg yrla tla lrorhla msg ;j;a lrorhla tAu

30 31

mo folla tl <Õ fh§ ;ks wre;la m%ldY lrk bv lv" wh jeh" fl<s fi,a,ï"

jeks fhÿï" hq., mo f,i ye¢kafõ'

we;eï hq., moj, mo hq., w¾:fhka iudk fõ'

jdo fNao

.re kïnq

yqre mqreÿ

we;eï hq., moj, mo hq., w¾:fhka iudk fkdfõ'

hk tk

lk lr

nd, uy¨

we;eï hq., moj, tla mohl w¾:h meyeÈ,s ke;' kuq;a th wfkla mofha w¾:h

;Sj% lsÍug bjy,a fõ'

bvï lvï

wia mia

w. ysÕ

;j;a úúO ks¾Kdhl mokï lrf.k hq., mo j¾.SlrKh l< yels h' fïjd

f,aLkhl idrj;a Ndjh j¾Okhg bjy,a jk idïm%odhsl fhÿï úfYaIhls'

,sÅ; wNHdi 1' my; oelafjk rEÎj,ska m< jk w¾:h bÈßfhka ,shkak'

i' wefÕa f,a j;=r jqKd - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

ii' bnd.df; hkjd - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

iii' wn u,a f¾Kqjla j;a - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

iv' wfÕa b|ka lk lkjd - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

v' tl mf;a lE - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

vi' by kslg n,d - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

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viii' Èfjka Èj .d f.k - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

ix' wx weú,a,d - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

x' ovóud lr .;a - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

hq., mo

30 31

2' my; oelafjk m%ia;dj msre¿j,ska m< jk w¾:h ,shkak'

i' kßhdg l=l=,a fldgqj ndr ÿkakd jf.a

ii' lnf,ka <smg jegqKd jf.a

iii' WKymq¿jg Wf.a meáhd ue‚l¨

iv' Èhldjf. msfÜ ¨Kq yex.=jd jf.a

v' .fyka jegqKq ñksyg f.dkd wekakd jf.a

3' my; § we;s m%ia;dj msre¿ fhdod jdlH ;kkak'

i' wdç y;a fokdf. le| ye<sh jf.a

ii' ysirfoag fldÜfg udre lrkakd fia

iii' je, hk w;g ueiai .ykakd fia

iv' t< yrlhs ó yrlhs tlg wE÷jd jf.a

v' ne|.;a; fnf¾ .ykak ´kE

4' my; oelafjk hq., mo iïmQ¾K lrkak'

i' ;E.s '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¹¸' ;=gq ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

ii' wú '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¹¸¸' wreu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

iii' Wojq '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¹¸¸¸' .kq ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

iv' b÷ï '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¸º' byska ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

v' f,ais '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' º' .fï ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' rEÎ fyj;a bÕs jels" m%ia;dj msre¿" hq., mo we;=<;a fmd;a ;=kla ms<sfh,

lrkak'

32 33

ukqIHhd i;a;aj f,dalfha fiiq

idudðlhkaf.ka fjka lrk lreKq

w;=frka jeo.;a lreKla jkafka ;u

w;aoelSïj,ska fuka u wkHhkaf.a

w;aoelSïj,ska o M, ,eîfï yelshdj hs'

tla mrmqrla ,nk fï w;aoelSï OdrKh

fldg ukdj ixúOdkh lsÍfuka

wk;=rej B<Õ mrïmdrdjg Ndr fokq

,efí' Tjqka ish f,dalh ilia lr

.kafka tfia Wreu jQ oekqu ud¾.fhks'

idïm%odhsl iudchkays kj oekqu ,nd .ekSu i|yd úúO ndOl mej;s‚' 19

jk ishjfia mgka furg kQ;k wOHdmk wdh;k ìysùu werô‚' tajdys o

hï hï iSud mej;s w;r nd,dxYfha mgka úYajúoHd,h f;la fkdñ,fha

,nd fok wOHdmk l%uhla furg ia:dmkh lsÍfï mqfrda.dñhd jQfha

wdpd¾h iS' ví,sõ' ví,sõ' lkakka.r ue;s;=ud h' ,xldfõ m%:u wOHdmk

wud;Hjrhd jQ t;=ud zksoyia wOHdmkfha mshdZ f,i f.!rjdorhg ,la úh'

.re iNdm;s;=uks"

.fvd<ska ;kd ;snQ frdau mqrjrhla ;udg ysñ jqj o ;ud ta frdau mqrjrh

lsß.re~j,ska ksu l< nj uyd T.iagia wêrdcHhd iajlSh úch.%yKh

.ek wdvïnrfhka hq;=j mejiS h' ñ, wêlj ;snQ wOHdmkfha ñ, wvq

l< nj;a jid ;snQ fmd;la mßÈ wmg Èia jQ wOHdmkh újD; ,shú,a,la

njg m;a l< nj;a Okj;=kaf.a m%fõ‚ Wreuhlaj mej;s wOHdmkh ÿ.S

ÿmam;=kaf.a iodld,sl Wreuh njg meñKjQ nj;a idvïnrfhka mejiSug

rdcH uka;%K iNdjg yels jQ úg ta wd;au j¾Kkdj T.iagia wêrdcHhdf.a

wd;au j¾Kkdjg jvd fl;rï fY%aIaG o@˜

rdcH uka;%K iNdfõ § fï woyia m< flf<a cd;sl wOHdmkhl Wreuh ,dxflah

orejkag w;a lr ÿka iS' ví,sõ' ví,sõ' lkakka.r ue;s;=ud h'

l%siafgdam¾ ú,shï úfÊfldaka lkakka.r Wmkafka 1884 Tlaf;dan¾ 13 jeks od

wïn,kaf.dv rkafodfò .fuys h' Tyqf.a mshd fodka veksfh,a úfÊfldaka

5 wdpd¾h iS'ví,sõ'ví,sõ' lkakka.r

—

32 33

lkakka.r" l¿;r Èia;%slalfha miaÿka fldar<hg wh;a Æ,anoaodfjys jeisfhls' uj

tu,s úfÊisxy yslalvqfõ jEj, ùnÿ j,õfõ Wm; ,enqjd h' ifydaor ifydaoßhka

mia fokl=f.ka hq;a mjqf,a fojekshd jQ ls%iafgdam¾ ú,shï úfÊfldaka orejd uQ,sl

wOHdmkh ,enqfõ wïn,kaf.dv rkafodfò fjia,shka Wiia mdif,ks'

;udf.a fodf<dia yeúßÈ úfhys oS muK mshdf.a /lshdj wysñ ùu ksid mjqf,a

Ôúldj f.k hEug fï orejdg n,j;a wr.,hla lsÍug isÿ úh' *jqkafâIka

YsIH;ajh Èkd .ksñka .d,af,a ßÉukaâ úÿy,g we;=¿ ùug jrï ,eîu Tyqg 19 jk

ishji wjidk Nd.fha mßmQ¾K yd úêu;a wOHdmkhla ,eîug ux mdok isÿùula úh'

fuf;la Okj;a mjq,aj, whg iSud ù ;snQ Wiia wOHdmkh ,eîfï wjia:dj

ls%iafgdam¾ ú,shï orejdg ysñ ùu Tyqf.a Ôú;fha fuka u ,xld b;sydifha o

ft;sydisl isÿùula úh' §ma;su;a YsIHhl= njg m;a jQ Tyq ßÉukaâ úµd,fha

;Hd. m%odfkda;aijfha § jeä u ;Hd. .Kkla Èkd .ksñka ish iyc nqoaê uysuh

m%o¾Ykh lsÍug iu;a úh'

flaïì%Ê iSksh¾ úNd.hg fmkS isá t;=udg fyd| u YsIHhdg ,efnk ;Hd.h ysñ

jQjd muKla fkd j" 1902 § wxl .‚;h úIhfhka ì%;dkH wêrdcHfhka u m%:u

ia:dkh o ysñ úh' flaïì%Ê fcHaIaG mdGYd,d iy;sl m;% îSksh¾& úNd.h iu;a

jQfha oejeka;hka w;r nqoaê igkg fkd ìhj uqyqK foñks' t;=udf.a Ydia;%Or;ajh

úIh úIhdka;r jYfhka lemS fmkqfKa ndysr l%shdldrlïys olajk ,o úYsIag;ajh

u; hs' YsIH wjêfha § l%Svd" kdgH" lÓl wdÈ wxYj,ska olajk ,o l=i,;dj Tyqf.a

jeäysá Ôú;h úoyd olajkakla úh'

lkakka.r uy;d ;u ujq mdi, jQ ßÉukaâ úµd,fhys u .‚;h ms<sn|

.=rejrhl= f,i jD;a;Sh Ôú;hg m%úIag úh' fudrgqfõ fõ,aia l=ur úµd,h"

fuf;daÈia; úµd,h" fjia,s úoHd,h jeks m%isoaO mdi,aj, fiajh l< ls%iafgdam¾

ú,shï úfÊfldaka ;reKhd" 1910 § fY%AIaGdêlrKfha kS;s{ fiajhg msúisfha h'

kS;s{hl= jYfhka t;=ud wdrïNfha mgka u id¾:l f,i lghq;= l< nj ms<s.efka'

Tyq isxy," md,s yd ixialD; hk NdId;a nqÿ oyu;a yeoeÍfuys ksr; úh' fï

ld¾hdj,sh t;=udf.a cd;s udul;ajh yd foaYfma%uh ms<sìUq lrk wjia:d fia ie,fla'

fï jk úg Èjhsk mqrd me;sfrñka mej;s cd;sl ksoyia jHdmdrfha ls%hdldÍka jk

we*a' wd¾' fiakdkdhl" i¾ ã' î' ch;s,l" wd;¾ ù' Èfhia iy mshodi isßfiak

wd§ka iu`. tla fjñka wuµm jHdmdrfha l%shdldÍ idudðlhl= f,i t;=ud

cd;sl ksoyia jHdmdrhg iïnkaO úh' ì%;dkH wêrdcHh we;=<; j.lSï iys;

wdKavq l%uhla ,nd .ekSfï wruq‚ka 1919 § msysgqjk ,o ,xld cd;sl ix.uhg

iïnkaO jQ lkakka.r uy;d wdrïNfha § ix.ufha .d¨ YdLdfjys ksfhdað;hd

f,i tys úOdhl ldrl iNdjg f;dard .kakd ,È' 1923 uyd ue;sjrKfhka

jHjia:dodhl uka;%K iNdfõ .d,a, wdikfhys uka;%S Oqrh ,nd .ekSug yels

ùu t;=udf.a foaYmd,k Ôú;fha ikaêia:dkhls' kej; 1924 § o .d,a, wdikfha

uka;S% Oqrh Èkd .ekSug fyf;u iu;a úh' t;eka isg 1931 § rdcH uka;%K iNdj

úiqrejd yeÍu f;la t;=ud jHjia:dodhl iNdfõ idudðlfhla úh' 1930 § t;=ud

34 35

,xld cd;sl ix.ufha iNdm;s moúhg f;dard .ekqKq w;r 1947 f;la tu moúfhys

lghq;= lf<a h'

jHjia:dodhl uka;%K iNdfõ hg;aúð; md,kh ;shqKq úfõpkhlg ,la l<

wh w;r t;=ud m%uqLfhls' woyia w¾:j;aj yd ;d¾lslj bÈßm;a lsÍu fya;= fldg

wdKavqldrhd mjd tajdg .re l< nj i|yka fõ'

lkakka.r ue;s;=udf.ka furgg bgq jQ úYsIag;u fiajh ksoyia wOHdmk l%uh

nj wújdod;aul h' tys uQ,sl wruqK jQfha rcfha mßmd,khg hg;a fmdÿ wOHdmk

l%uhla msysgqjd .ekSu h' tu.ska wOHdmkfha fodrgq ish¨ fokdg újD; lr Èh

yels úh' 1944 uehs 30 Èk rdcH uka;%K iNdjg bÈßm;a l< wOHdmk ixfYdaOk

mk; 1945 Tlaf;dan¾ ui 01 Èk h:d¾:hla njg m;a úh' tÈk t;=ud l< l;dj

t;=udf.a iudc Ôú;h ;=< lrk ,o fY%AIaG;u l;dj f,i ms<s.efka' tu l;djg

ijka § isá bka§h rcfha ksfhdað;hd jQ weï' weia' wkS uy;d t;=ud oE;ska w,a,d

f.k mejiqfõ Tn bkaÈhdfõ isáfha kï foúhl= fia i,ld jkaokd lrkq we;˜

hkqfjks' wfma isxy,hl= ms<sn| úfoaYslhl=f.a uqúka .s,syqKq tu m%ldYfhka fy<s

jkafka lkakka.r pß;h fl;rï fY%AIAG o hkak fkd fõ o@

mj;akd l%ufha we;s wvq yq~qlï" wiudk;d yd whqla;s bj;a lrñka iudc" wd¾Ól"

wd.ñl yd jd¾.sl wdÈ lsisÿ fNaohlska f;drj iEu <uhl=g u iu wjia:d iemhSu

i|yd Wmfhda.s lr .; yels wOHdmk l%uhla mq¿,a o¾Ykhla mdol fldg ilia

lsÍfï wjYH;dj u;= ù ;snq‚'

hg;aúð; md,lhka úiska Tjqkaf.a mdi,a u.ska wmf.a wd.ug" ixialD;shg yd

isß;aúß;aj,g w;sYhska ydkslr jQ o fï rgg iïmQ¾Kfhka u mßndysr jQ o

wmf.a foaYSh nqoaêhg yd oDIaáhg fkd .e<fmk jevms<sfj<la tu ck;dj w;r

n,y;aldrfhka mgjkq ,en we;'˜

t;=udf.a fuu m%ldYh tjlg mej;s wOHdmk l%uh u.ska foaYSh;ajh flf¾ lrk

,o n,mEu yd mSvkh fl;rï o hkakg idOl imhhs' fuys § t;=udf.a o¾Ykh

cd;sl wjYH;dj iy foaYSh m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh flf¾ fl;rï lem ùulg fhduq

lr ;snqKd o hkak meyeÈ,s h'

t;=udf.a wOHdmk m%;sixialrK fhdackd w;r"

³ ish¨ u orejkag fyd| wOHdmkhla fkdñ,fha §u

³ .%dóh mdi,a rdYshla ìys lsÍu

³ wOHdmkh ish¨ .dia;=j,ska ksoyia lsÍu

³ bx.%Sis mdi,aj, ujqni Ndú;hg wkqn, §u

³ Ydia;%Sh yd jD;a;Sh úIh Odrdj,ska hq;a uOH úoHd, /ila msysgqùu

³ wOHdmk Ñka;dj,sh ;=< wdydr ksIamdokhg Wmßu wjOdkhla fh§u

hk wx. úfYaI jeo.;alula Wiq,hs' úúO n,fõ.hkaf.ka ksoyia wOHdmk l%uhg

t,a, jQ oeä úreoaOjd§lïj,g uqyqK §ug wdpd¾h lkakka.r uy;dg isÿ úh'

ksoyia wOHdmkh lvdlmam,a lsÍu i|yd úúO md¾Yaj bÈßm;a jQfha h' tfy;a

—

—

34 35

t;=ud ks¾NS;j ish,a,g uqyqK ÿkafka h' ksoyia wOHdmkh fjkqfjka m%n, jQ;a"

ixfõ§ jQ;a jHdmdrhla rg mqrd f.k hEug t;=udg isÿ úh'

1931 isg 1947 olajd rdcH uka;%K iNdfõ mQ¾K ld,h ;=< u wOHdmk weu;sjrhd

f,i t;=ud fiajh lf<a h' wOHdmk weu;sjrhd f,i wOHdmk lafIA;%h ;=<

b;d jákd fjkialï /ila we;s lsÍug lghq;= flf<a h' iajNdId mdif,a bx.%Sis

b.ekaùu yd bx.%Sis udOH mdi,ays isxy, fyda fou< b.ekaùu wksjd¾h lsÍu bka

tla mshjrls' fyd| mdi,a .ug f.k tafï wruq‚ka tla Pkaoodhl Èia;%slalhl tl

ne.ska uOH uyd úµd, msysgqùu ksoyia wOHdmk l%ufha m%;sM,hls' tu.ska jvd;a

m%;s,dN ie,iqfKa .%dóh isiqkag hs' uOH úoHd,j,g msúi bf.kqu ,enQ orefjda

úYajúoHd,h f;la ksoyia wOHdmkh ,eîfï whs;sfha Wmßu M, N=la;s úkafoda

h' .%dóh m%foaYhkays olaI orejkag iudcfha by< ia;rj,g iïm%dma; ùfï ys‚

m; jQfha uOH uyd úµd, hs' ÿmam;a YsIHhka i|yd úYajúoHd,h f;la wOHdmkh

,nd .ekSug wdOdr fok YsIH;aj l%uhla o wdrïN flß‚' uQ,sl wOHdmkfha isg

úYajúµd, wOHdmkh olajd u fkdñ,fha ,eîu;a iu. tf;la Okh yd jrm%ido

ysñ fldgiaj,g iSud ù ;snQ Wiia wOHdmkfha fodrgq fmdÿ ckhdg o újD; úh'

wOHdmk m%;sixialrK l%shd;aul lsÍfï uq,a idOlh .=rejreka nj ms<s.;a

t;=ud hym;a" lem jQ olaI .=re mrmqrla we;s lsÍfï ,d mqfrda.dó úh' WmlD;

mdi,aj, .=rejrekag Rcqj u jegqma f.ùu wdrïN lsÍu fuka u úúO jQ wOHdmk

mámdáj,g wkq.;j b;d ld¾hlaIu f,i .=rejreka úYd, m%udKhlska mqyqKq

lsÍu ksoyia wOHdmk l%ufha id¾:l;ajh ;yjqre lsÍuls' fï i|yd kj udÈ,sfha

.=re wOHdmk úoHd, msysgq jk ,È' .=rejrekag mqyqKqjla fkd j wOHdmkhla u ,nd

§u tys mrud¾:h úh' mdi,a orejka i|yd Èjd wdydrh iemhSu o YsIHhkaf.a ldhsl

yd udkisl j¾Okh;a fi!LH ;;a;ajh;a kÕd isgqùug .kakd ,o ls%hd ud¾.hls'

mdi,a wOHdmkh fuka u msßfjka wOHdmkh ÈhqKq lsÍu ms<sn| f.!rjh o t;=udg

ysñ úh hq;= h'

mdi,a wOHdmkhg .Dy l¾udka; yd .%dóh jD;a;Sh wOHdmk l%u we;=<;a lsÍu /lshd

wxYhg ms<shula f,i n,mEfõ h' fuh yqÿ w;alï b.ekaùula fkd j YsIHhdf.a

ks¾udKYS,s Ndjh wjÈ lsÍula o úh' jD;a;Sh úIhkag wu;rj .=rejrekag ix.S;h"

kdgHh yd kegqï l,dj b.ekaùu flfrys o wjOdkh fhduq lrk ,È' tajd o yqÿ

úfkdaodiajdoh fkdj wOHdmksl jákdlula we;s úIh njg fuu.ska ms<s.ekSula

we;s úh'

wjqreÿ y;<syla l%shdldÍ foaYmd,kfhys o wjqreÿ úis wgla jHjia:dodhlfhys

uka;%Sjrhl=j o wjqreÿ úiailg jeä l,la wud;Hjrhl= f,i o lkakka.r

uy;d l< fiajh ,xld b;sydifha úfYaI jeo.;alula iys; mßÉfþohls' 1923 §

foaYmd,khg msúisfha ie,lsh hq;= Okhla we;s mqoa.,hl= f,i jqj o foaYmd,kfhka

iuq .kakd úg lkakka.r uy;dg lsisÿ wdodhï ud¾.hla fkd ;snq‚' fuh t;=ud

wjxl foaYmd,k{hl= nj lshd mdk idOlhls' t;=udf.a Ôú;fha wjika ld,h .;

lf<a rcfhka ,enqK wdOdr uqo,lsks' wjqreÿ 85la Èú f.jQ t;=ud 1969 iema;eïn¾

23 Èk Èjx.; úh'

36 37

ksoyia wOHdmk l%uh y÷kajd §fuka miqj;a Èjhsfka wOHdmk m%;sixialrK

.Kkdjla isÿ úh' ish¨ u mdi,a rcfha md,khg .ekSu ta w;ßka m%Odk;u

jQjls' wOHdmkh ÈhqKq lsÍug fmd;a m;a iy wksl=;a myiqlï iq,n lsÍu;a rfÜ

iudc ixialD;sl moku fuka u fjkia jk f,dal wjYH;d o wkqj úIh ks¾foaY

ilia lsÍu yd kj b.ekaùï l%u y÷kajd §u;a u.ska th bÈßhg .uka lrhs' fï

wOHdmk m%.;sh miqìfuys isák oejeka; fyjKe,a, lkakka.r uy;d h' ksoyia

wOHdmkfha m%;sM, N=la;s ú¢k iEu mqrjeisfhla u t;=udg Kh.e;s fjhs'

wjfndaOh

1' iS'ví,sõ'ví,sõ' lkakka.r ue;s;=ud ck;dj w;r ckm%sh jQfha ljr

f.!rjdkaú; kduhlska o@

2' t;=u ,xld ck;djg ,nd ÿka odhdoh f,i ie,flkafka l=ula o@

3' t;=udf.a pß;h weiqfrka Tng .; yels wdo¾Y folla kï lrkak'

4' t;=ud wOHdmk lafIa;%h ;=< we;s l< fjkialï ;=kla kï lrkak'

5' ksoyia wOHdmk mk; ls%hd;aul ùfuka miqj wOHdmk m%;sixialrKj, oS

isÿ jQ úfYaI fjkialï fudkjd o@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka moj, w¾: ,shkak'

i' cd;s ysff;Is -

ii' mßj¾;kh -

iii' fl!Y,Hh -

iv' Ydia;%Or;ajh -

v' iajdëk;ajh -

2' my; § we;s jpk i|yd iudk jpk mdvfuka fidhd ,shkak'

i' W;aidyjka; -

ii' W;=ï -

iii' ms<sfj;a -

iv' pß;hla -

v' oajdr -

vi' ms<sfj< -

vii' È<s÷ -

36 37

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' fuu mdvu ksYaYíoj lshjkak'

2' zñ, l< fkd yels uq;= weghZ hk kñka ye¢kafjk ksoyia wOHdmk l%uh

ms<sn|j mdif,a Woh /iaùfï § l:djla lrkak'

3' zksoyia wOHdmkfha jeo.;aluZ hk uefhka rpkhla ,shkak'

4' ,xldfõ ;j;a fujeks fYa%IaG pß; ms<sn| lreKq tla/ia lrkak'

wdYs%; .%ka:

³ wOHdmk m%;sixialrKj, fkdksñ l¾;jHh ^2011&

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

³ ,xldfõ wOHdmkh - ishji m%ldYkh" 2 ldKavh ^1969&

³ YS% ,xldfõ wOHdmk b;sydih ^1796 - 1965&

fla' tÉ' tï' iqu;smd, ^m<uq uqøKh 1993&

38 39

19 jk Y; j¾Ifha ueo Nd.fha §

muK wdrïN jQ zflál;djZ kue;s

idys;Hdx.h wo jk úg fmrZmr foÈ. u

w;= b;s ,d jevqKq m%n, l,d udOHhla

njg m;aj ;sfí'

flál;dj kue;s idys;Hdx.hg

wkkH jQ ,laIK lsysmhla y÷kd

.ekSug;a" flál;djla hkq l=ula o

hkak ir,j meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug;a

Tng uÕ fmkaùu fï mdvfï wruqK hs'

fuys m< jk zux ;kkafkdaZ flál;dj uy.u fialr ^1924-1976& úiska rÑ;

h' lúhl=" Ñ;% Ys,amshl=" kjl;dlrejl= yd idys;H úpdrlhl= jk uy.u

fialrf.a fï flál;dj ir, isoaêhla yd tla m%Odk pß;hla wkdjrKh lrk

ks¾udKhla fia ye¢kaúh yels h'

k.r iNdfõ lïlrefjda weú;a mdr iqoao lr;s' mdr fomi ldkq f.dv ù j,a

me<Eá jeù we;' tla lïlrefjla tA j,a me<Eá o mdrg keuqKq .ia w;= o lmd

ouhs' ;fjflla tfia lmd ouk w;= ßls,s wi, kj;ajd we;s lr;a;hg f.k f.dia

ouhs' ;j;a fofofkla ldkq ydrñka tA mia oud mdr fomi f.dv lr;s' tfia mia

oud we;s fldgfia mdr fndfyda fihska m<,a ù we;a;dla fuka fmfka' Tjqyq Wia

yçka l;dny lrñka läir f,i jefvys fh§ isá;s' lr;a;fha ne| isák f.dkd

muKla fifuka fifuka ;ürñka Tfya lrnd f.k isà'

ufyakaø biaf;damamqfõ ydkais mqgqfjys jdä ù fndfyda fõ,djla Tjqka foi n,d

isáfha h' Tyq fmd;l=;a /f.k biaf;damamqjg wdfõ th lshùug is;d f.k h' fyg

mka;sfha § meje;aúh hq;= foaYkhg iQodkï ùu i|yd wo wjYHfhka u fï fmd;

lshúh hq;= h' fmd; u|la lshjk úg mdf¾ jev lrk ñksiqka flfrka iskd y~la

weiqfKka Tyq fmd; jid oud tfoi ne,S h' iskdjg fya;=j ufyakaøg jgyd .;

fkd yels úh' th Tjqkaf.ka lsisjl= l< úys¿jla ùug mq¿jk'

—yßhg j;=r ;snyhs' huq o f;a tlla î,d tkav@˜ mdr lmkakkaf.ka tflla

fhdackd lf<a h'

—fï ál;a lm, u huq˜ túg wfkld lS h'

6 ux ;kkafkda

38 39

.sks wõfõ msÉÑ msÉÖ jev lrk fï ñksiqka flfrys Nla;shla ufyakaøg we;s úh'

udihlska muK jeiaila fkd jg fyhska mi fyd|g u ;o fj,d h' mfia ;olu

Wo¨ myr fmdf<dfõ jÈk yçka u oefka' iq¿ jegqmla ,nd .ekSu i|yd fï

ñksiqka fld;rï fjfyi úh hq;= o@ Tjqkag ,efn;ehs is;sh yels jegqm .ek

ufyakaø is;d ne¨fõ h' lsis fia;a lh fkd fjfyik ;udg Tjqkaf.a fuka y;awg

.=Khl jegqmla ,efn;ehs Tyqg is;=fKa h'

ñksiqka jev lrk ;ekg hdug wdidjla ufyakaøg Wmkafka h' Tyq fmd; yl=<d

ydkais mqgq w; u; ;nd ñÿ,g neiafia h'

—;d;af;a ud;a'''˜ id,fha hfidaud wi, isá úu,a" ufyakaø ñÿ,g niskq oel Tyq

foig tkakg úh'

—mq;;a tkj o'''@ yd tkav tfykx˜ ufykaø u|la kej;=‚'

—Thd fldfy o hkafk wE@˜ hfidaud biaf;damamqjg lr fmdjd n,d weiqjd h'

—fldfyj;a kE''' fu;k mdrg'˜

—mq;;a tlal hkj kï bkav" im;a;= fol odkl,a'''˜ hfidaud lSjd h'

—úu,a''' tkav mqf;a im;a;= odkav'˜

ufyakaø úu,af.a w;ska w,a,df.k Tyq;a iu. ñksiqka jev lrk ;ekg .sfha h'

lïlrejkaf.a msfÜ;a" oEf;a frdaUq .iaj,;a /÷Kq oyÈh ìkaÿ ysre /ia jeà È,sfyhs'

Tjqkaf.a w;aj, yd <ueo uia ms~q ukd fia lemS fmfkhs' ufyakaø ;udf.a;a

Tjqkaf.a;a oE;a ii|d ne,S h' ;u iql=udrlu .ek ,eÊcdjla ufyakaøg we;s úh'

—fï ñksiaiq ;uhs uy fmdf<dfj kshu mq;a;='''˜ ufyakaø ;udg u lshd .;af;a h'

—wms fkfuhs'˜

ufyakaøf.a meñŒfuka miq lïlrefjda l;dj kj;ajd lrnd f.k jev lsÍug

mgka .;ay' Tjqka ksy~j isàu ufyakaøf.a is;g lrorhla úh'

—fmdf<dj yß ;ohs jf.a˜ tA ksYaYío;dj ì| oud Tjqka iu. l;djg jefgk

wáfhka ufyakaø lS h'

—;ohs lsõjg ;ohs fkfuhs i¾˜ tla ñksfyla ufyakaø foi n,d Woe,a, mfil

;nñka lS h'

—fndr¨ fmdf<djfk''' jysk ldf,g fyd|g u nqre,a' mdhk ldf,g fyd|g u

;ohs'˜

—i¾,d <ÕÈ fka o fï f.foÜg wdfõ@˜ Tyq weiS h'

—.sh udfi˜ ufyakaø W;a;r ÿkafka h' —wms biair ysáfh l=reKE.,'˜

—nnd''' fldfydu o nnd@˜ B <Õg Tyqf.a wjOdkh úu,a flf¾ fhduq úh' —nndg

u,la lv,d fokav o@˜ Tyq wi, msysá jo m÷rlska r;a meye;s u,la lvd f.k

úu,a foig È.= lf<a h'

40 41

úu,a mshd foi ne¨fõ h' —.kav mq;d˜ ufyakaø lS h' úu,a u, w;g .;af;a h' mdf¾

jev lrk lïlrejka iu. ;ud wdOHd;añl jYfhka tl;= jQjdla fuka ufyakaøg

yeÕ=fKa h' lh fjfyid jev lrk fudjqyq o rgg úYd, fiajhla lr;s' fudjqka

lmk mdr ufyakaøg ixfla;hla o úh' th fi!Nd.Hh yd ifydaor;ajh lrd hk

udjf;a ixfla;h hs' ;ud fifrmamq l=Ügula mh ,d isàu .ek ,eÊcdjla ufyakaøg

we;s úh' fudjqyq ;ud fuka uy fmdf<dj wmú;% fohla fldg fkd i,l;s'

oyÈh j.=rejd f.k ¥,s" mia .; jld f.k fudjqka iu. tla ù fmdf<dj

fldgkakg n,j;a wdidjla ufyakaøg we;s úh' tfy;a Tyqf.a iudc ;;a;ajh Bg

ndOdjla úh' tfia l< fyd;a wjg f.j, mÈxÑlrejka ;ud msiail= fldg i,lkq

we;e hs ufyakaøg is;=fKa h' —wr uy;a;hd fldfy o f,dl= riaidjla lrk

flfkla lsõj fka o@ wr ñksiaiq;a tlal tlalyq fj,d mdr yokafk' fudf<a fyd|

ke;=j we;s˜ wjg f.j, whg muKla fkd j" fï lïlrejkag o th mqÿuhla jkq

we;' tneúka ufyakaø tA wdidj hgm;a lr .;af;a h'

wkqkaf.a iuÉp,hg Ndck fkd ù fï jevg o yjq,a úh yels l%uhla .ek ufyakaø

is;d ne¨fõ h' Tyq msyshla w;g f.k mdrg keó ;snqKq l=vd w;= ßls,s lmkakg úh'

Tyq th lf<a ;ud úfkdaohg fi,a,ula lrk ú,dihla wjg isáhjqkag yefÕk

mßÈ h' tfy;a ufyakaøg th úfkdao l%Svdjla muKla fkd j" kshu jevla fkdfyd;a

kshu jevl ixfla;hla o úh' mdrg keuqKq w;= lmd oeófuka ;ud o iq¿ jYfhka

fyda fï ñksiqkaf.a jevg yjq,a fj;ehs ufyakaøg is;=fKa h'

tla w;a;l uÿ je,a .d,la meg,S ;sfnkq ÿgq ufyakaøg ;j;a woyila my< úh' Tyq

uÿ je,a f.dkak lvd w;g f.k wks;a w;ska úu,a o jvd f.k lr;a;fha ne| isá

f.dkdg ióm úh'

—fï f.dkd wkskj o@˜ Tyq lïlrejkaf.ka weiqfõ h'

—kE'˜

ufyakaø orejd jvd .;a jk u uÿje,a f.dkak f.dkdf.a uqjg <x lf<a h'

—wms fï ;e;a;g lkak fouq mqf;a''' wE'''@˜

f.dkd wdidfjka uÿ je,a lkakg úh' mdf¾ jev lrk whg ;ud ix.%yhla l<dla

fuka ufyakaøg yeÕ=fKa h'

f.dkd uÿje,a lk yeá úu,a Wkkaÿfjka n,d isáfha h' ufyakaø f.dkdf.a ysi

w; .dkakg úh'

hfidaud biaf;damamqjg meñK ufyakaøg w~ .eiqjd h' —fï''' fufy weú;a hkavfld'''˜

—f;a ,Eia;shs˜ wE ;ud fj; meñ‚ ufyakaøg my;a yçka lSjd h'

ufyakaø ;,.=,s;a flfi,a f.ä;a ld f;a îfõ h' mdf¾ jev lrk lïlrejka

Tyqg u;la úh'

—wr ñksiaiqkag;a j;=r ;sny we;s' f;a álla ÿkafkd;a krl o@˜ ufyakaø hfidaud

foi n,d lSfõ h'

40 41

—tA ñksiaiq lfâg .sysx fndkake;E˜ hfidaud iskdfiñka lSjd h' —fï wy, my,

f.j,aj, ljqrej;a tfyu fok isß;la kE'˜

ufyakaø f;a î biaf;damamqjg wdfõ h'

mdf¾ jev l< lïlrefjda Wo¨" le;s wdÈ WmlrK f.kjq;a ufyakaøf.a ñÿf,a

mfil ;enQy' —wms lfâg .syska tkakx i¾˜ Tjqkaf.ka tflla lSfõ h'

—fyd|hs˜ ufyakaø Tjqka foi n,d iskd uqiq uqyq‚ka lS h' lïlrejka Wia yçka

l;d lrñka jx.=j yeÍ fkdfmkS hk ;=re ufyakaø Tjqka foi n,d isáfha h'

^kj hq.h - 1972$11$12&

flál;dj kjl;dfjka fjkia h' tfy;a fï l;d j¾. fol u m%nkaO lrk ,o

l;d h'

flál;djla hkq tla m%n, isoaêhla jgd f.f;k l;d h' zux ;kkafkdaZ flál;dj

rpkd ù we;af;a lïlrejka msßila mdrla ilia lsÍu ms<sn| isoaêhls' ta isÿùu

úldikh lsÍfuka rij;a flál;djla ks¾udKh lr f.k ;sfnkq oelsh yels h'

fuu flál;dj tu flakaøSh isoaêh jgd ukd úhukla fia ishqïj f.;S we;'

flál;djl pß; lsysmhla ;sìh yels h' tfy;a m%Odk pß; lsysmhla ;sìh

fkd yels h' fyd| flál;djl m%Odk pß; ;sìh yels jkafka tlla mu‚'

ux ;kkafkda flál;dfõ m%Odk pß;h ufyakaø hs' Tyqf.a ìß|" l=vd mq;d" iy

lïlrefjda wjfYaI pß; hs' kuq;a wfkl=;a pß; m%Odk fkd ù m%Odk pß;h

nen<ùug tu pß; Woõ fjhs'

flál;djla hkq i;H l;djla fkd fõ' th l,ams; fyj;a is;ska ujd f.k f.dv

k.k ,o l:djls' tfy;aa tu l;djg mdol jkafka ks¾udKlrejd ,;a ienE

w;aoelSula úh yels h' w;aoelSula tf,i u ,shQ l, th ks¾udKhla jkafka ke;'

rplhd ;u mßl,amkh fufyhjd ;ud ,;a w;aoelSu m%;sks¾udKh lrhs'

l;kaorhla kï uq," ueo" w. ukd fia .e<msh hq;= h' Tn okakd ck l;djla

fyda iqrx.kd l;djla isyshg k.d .kak' —Tkak tfldau;a tl ldf,l'''˜ wdÈ

jYfhka werö isoaê yd wjia:d isÿ jQ wkqms<sfj<ska lshd" l;dj yudr lrkq

olakg ,efí' tfy;a flál;djl ;sìh hq;af;a ukd fya;=M, iïnkaO;djla u;

f.dv keÕ=Kq l;d úkHdihls' th l;djla fkd fõ' —jeoaod ìij yer .sfha h'

bka miq ìij u<d h˜ hkq l;djls' —jeoaod ìij yer .sfha h' tA fYdalh ord .;

fkd yels j ìij u<d h˜ hkq l:d úkHdihls' tys ìij ñh hEug fya;=j mdGlhdg

meyeÈ,s h' flál;djla o fumßoafoka ukdj ieliqKq l;d úkHdihlska hqla;

úh hq;= h' túg flál;dj flfrys mdGl úYAjdih fkd ì£ mj;shs'

zux ;kkafkdaZ flál;dfõ tk ufyakaø biaf;damamqfõ ydkais mqgqjg wdfõ fmd;la

lshùug hs' tfy;a mdf¾ jev lrk lïlrejkaf.a iskd yçka wjOdkh ì£u ksid

Tyq fmd; jid oud tfoi n,hs' ufyakaøg Tjqkaf.a l;dny wefikafka túg h'

fï wdÈ jYfhka ux ;kkafkda flál;dfõ isoaê ukdj tlsfkld .<md we;af;a

mdGl úYajdih fkd ìf|k mßoafoks'

42 43

flál;djla lshùfuka mdGlhdg wdiajdohla" úfkdaohla ,efí' tfy;aa fyd|

flál;djlska mdGlhdg i;=gg wu;rj .eUqre m%{djla ,efí' th Ôú;h ms<sn|

,nk wjfndaOhls' zux ;kkafkdaZ flál;dfõ u;=msáka Èfjk wdiajdohg háka

ukqIH;ajh ms<sn|j udkj ohdj ms<sn|j mka;s mr;rh ms<sn|j .eUqre wre;a

iïmdokh fjhs'

l;dj rij;a j lSug ixfla; fhdod .ekSug flál;dlrejdg mq¿jk' flál;dj

ixlaIsma; udOHhla neúka ixlaIsma;;dj /lSu Wfoid o ixfla;j,ska uyÕ=

msájy,la ,efí' jpk oyia .Kklska lsj hq;= fohla tla m%n, ixfla;hlska lsj

yels h'

—lr;a;fha ne| isák f.dkd muKla fifuka fifuka ;¨ urñka Tfya lrnd f.k

isà˜ hkqfjka zux ;kkafkdaZ flál;dfõ i|yka m%ldYfhys zlr;a;fha ne¢

f.dkdZ ixfla;hls' ks¾Ok mka;sl ÿla ú¢k ñksid lr;a;hl ne¢ f.dfkl=

fia h' Tyqg .e,ùula ke;' lrnd f.k nr weÈh hq;= h' fumßoafoka tu ixfla;h

wjeis ;rï È.a.iaid jpk fndfyda .Kklska w¾: .ekaúh yels h'

fun÷ ,laIK wka;¾.; l;djla id¾:l flál;djla f,i ye¢kaúh yels h'

id¾:l flál;djla ks¾udKh lsÍu wdliañlj l< yels fohla fkd fõ' tA

i|yd ksrka;rfhka mqyqKq ùu fyj;a i;;dNHdih wjYH h¦ úYsIag .Kfha

flál;dlrejkaf.a ks¾udK lshjd ri ú¢h hq;= h¦ flál;dj iïnkaOfhka

,shejqKq fmd; m;" úpdr .%ka: mßYS,kh l< hq;= h' fï ish¨ ldrKd tla;eka jQ l,

wjik W;a;u .Kfha ks¾udKhl ysñlrejl= ùug Tng o yels jkq we;'

wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

m%;sNdj - wmQ¾j jia;=jla ks¾udKh lsÍfï yelshdj

m%nkaO l:d - w¨;ska ks¾udKh lrk ,o l;dj

mßl,amkh - wkqudk is;sú,a,

m%;sks¾udKh - kej; ilia fldg oelaùu" h<s f.dv kexùu

fya;=M, iïnkaO;dj - isoaê tlsfkl w;r mj;sk úYajikSh .e<mSu

l:d úkHdih - l:dj bÈßm;a lsÍug wkq.ukh lrk ffY,sh

wdliañlj - fya;=jla ke;sj

i;;dNHdih - ksrka;rfhka wNHdifha fh§u

mßYS,kh - weiqre lsÍu" yeoEÍu

42 43

wjfndaOh

1' fmd; n,ñka isá ufyakaøf.a wjOdkh fmd;ska .s,syqfKa l=uk fya;=jla

ksid o@

2' ;udf.a;a lïlrejkaf.a;a oE;a ii|d neÆ ufyakaø ,eÊcdjg m;a jQfha wehs@

3' lïlrejka iu. tlaj fmdf<dj fldgkakg is;=Kq is;sú,a, l%shdjg kexùug

fkd yels f,i l:lhdg ;snQ ndOdj l=ula o@

4' mdvfï úia;r jk ixfla;hg wu;rj fuu flál;dfõ wka;¾.; ;j;a m%n,

ixfla;hla ,shkak'

5' lïlrejka jev lrk ia:dkhg ufyakaø meñ‚ miq Tjqka lrnd f.k jefvys

fhfokakg we;af;a l=uk lreKla ksid úh yels o@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka wkqla; moj, Wla; rEm ,shd olajkak'

¸' fialrhka -

¸¸' Ys,amshl= -

¸¸¸' Tjqka -

¸¹' ñksiqka -

2' mdvfï i|yka my; mo l=uk mo j¾.hlg wh;a oehs ,shd olajkak'

¸' úiska -

¸¸' jevqKq -

¸¸¸' isák -

¸¹' ydrñka -

¹' iql=udr -

3' id¾:l flál;djl ;sìh hq;= ,laIK y;rla ,shkak'

4' my; i|yka jpk fhdod w¾:j;a jdlH ;kkak'

mßl,amkh

wdiajdoh

m%;sNdj

i;;dNHdih

m%{dj

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' ;uka ,o ljr fyda w;aoelSula weiqßka flál;djla ks¾udKh lrkak'

2' Tfí;a Tfí mka;sfha ñ;=re ñ;=ßhkaf.a flál;d ks¾udK we;=<;a flál;d

ix.%yhla ilia lrkak'

44 45

NdIdj udOH fldg .ksñka iïmdokh jk ,sÅ; fuka u w,sÅ; o ish¨ oE

idys;Hh hkqfjka ye¢kaúh yels h' ta wkqj uqL mrïmdrdfjka mj;ajd

f.k tk ck lú yd ck l;d wdÈfha mgka wd.ñl" od¾Yksl yd úoHd;aul

f,aLk o idys;H .Kfhys ,d ie,flhs' tafia jqj;a j¾;udkfha idys;Hh

f,i ie,flkafka lsishï úkaokhla wdiajdohla" rihla ,eìh yels

ks¾udKd;aul lD;s fõ' Ñrka;k fuka u kQ;k .µ yd mµ" kjl;d"

flá l;d" kdgH wdÈ ks¾udKd;aul lD;s ish,a, i|yd fmdÿfõ idys;Hh

hk kduh fhdokq ,efí' NdIdj ud¾.fhka wikakdf.a fyda lshjkakdf.a

isf;ys rihla yd pu;aldrhla we;s lrk ks¾udK" idys;Hh hkqfjka

ye¢kafjk nj ta wkqj Tng meyeÈ,s jkq we;'

my; oelafjkafka mrdl%u fldä;=jlal= lúhdf.a wlSlre mq;%hl=f.a f,dalh ldjH

ix.%yfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,o ks¾udKhls'

7 niska ri ujk idys;Hh

iQßh u,

iQßh u, wyia ;f,a iskd ujk

ysñÈßfha

w. k.f¾

uy ùÈfh

ux ikaÈfh

ld¾- jEka- nia fmryer

.,a .eyqKd

tl mdrgæ

fï me;af;ka

ta me;a;g

------------ly br Wv

udre fjkak

Tn'fmd;a ñáhla ;=re¿ lrka

fofkda oyla fikÕ f.dfâ

fkd fmkS hk Tfí ÈyE

ld¾- jEka ßh fmryer

44 45

fuu ks¾udKhg mdol ù we;af;a mdi,a hk orefjls' wo mdi,a hk orejd wkd.;

iudcfha wdf,dalh" wfmalaIdj nj lúhd fmkajd fohs' lgql Ôjk w;aoelSï nyq,

mßirhl ÿIalr;d uOHfha foudmsfhda fï orejdg wOHdmkh ,nd fo;s¦ tmuKla

fkd j wkd.;fha f,dj f.dv ke.Sug Y%uh fhdoj;s'

l:k jHjydrh yd f,aLk jHjydrh ñY% NdId jHjydrhla fuys § lúhd Wmfhda.s

lr f.k we;' ziQßh u, wyia ;f,a iskd ujkZ zfï fmdf<dfõ .sks ksõfõ kqUf.a

wïud ksid h'Z jeks f,aLk jHjydrfha fhÿï fuka u z.,a .eyqKd tlmdrg ta

me;af;ka fï me;a;gZ jeks l;d jHjydr.; fhÿï o ukdj ixfhda. lrñka zld¾"

jEka" niA" wdÈ iudkH ldjH jHjydrfha § Ndú; fkd jk fhÿï o iu. .<md

.ekSug lúhd olajd we;s olaI;dj meyeÈ,s fõ'

uy.u fialrf.a ilajd,sys‚ kï lD;sfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,o my; oelafjk ldjH

ks¾udKh mer‚ lú nia jyr yd ck lú jyr weiqfrka ilia jQ nia jyrlska

w,xlD; h'

weia o,ajd

lg o,ajd

ksYaYíoj n,d isáfh¦

hlv l|ka Wiaid,d

fï k.rh f.dv keÕ=fõ

kqfò ;d;a;d ksid h"

l÷¿ l|la ìu bi,d

fï fmdf<dfõ .sks ksõfõ

kqUf.a wïud ksid h"

u;= ojfia

ta fmdf<dfõ iQßh u,

kqU ksid hæ

wlSlre mq;%hl=f.a f,dalh" mrdl%u fldä;=jlal=

flláh u,a

by< fjf,a biau;af;a

Èhynr, u,a f.d,af,a

kS, jr, <ueo fy,d,d

ìug keó Th ljqfoda

m,d fk<kafka

kS, kqjka oE, jßka

jeiai jyskafka

46 47

fm%auh yd ne÷Kq w;aoelSula fuu ks¾udKhg mdol ù ;sfí' .eñ mßirfha olakg

,efnk oE weiqßka lúhd tu ks¾udKh f.dv k.d we;' Èh ynr, u,a" flláh

u,a jeks ta mßirfhka u Wlyd .;a oE ks¾udKh w,xldr lsÍug fya;= ù we;s

nj fmfka' fuu ks¾udKfha l:lhd jk ;reKhd" ;re‚h ms<sn| Tyq isf;a

my< jk fma%uh weiqßka ish lgql Èúfha <;ejq,a ord .ksñka kj Èúhla ms<sn|

wfmalaIdfjka miqfjhs' zkS, f.dhu lsß jeÈ,d'''Z hk fldgiska ta wfmalaIdj

ukdj ms<sìUq fjhs'

by; oelajqKq ldjH ks¾udK ie,lSfï § NdIdfõ úúO iajrEm iqixfhdackh lr

.ksñka ldfjHdala;s ks¾udKh lr .ekSug lùka ord we;s W;aidyh m%lg fõ' lúh

hkq NdIdj Wmfhda.s lr f.k ri ujk udOHhls' fjk;a iudkH f,aLkhlg jvd

lúhl § fyda fjk;a idys;H ks¾udKhl § NdIdj Ndú; lrk wdldrh fjkia h'

jdpHd¾: blaujd jHx.Hd¾: ckkh flfrk wdldrhg lúhd ni yiqrejhs'

idys;Hh hkq NdIdj wkqidrfhka mqÿu iy.; foa lrkakls' —idys;Hh hkq

NdId;aul úl%uhle˜ hs uydpd¾h úu,a Èidkdhl mjihs' ^ks¾udKh yd úpdrh&'

t;=ud tu lD;sfhys fufia i|yka lrhs(

my< fjf,a mqrx fj,d

j,a ìys ù .sh l=Uqf¾

uu ;kshu ldkaisfhka

l=Uqr fldgkjd

wE; bkak Wfò uQK

ysf;a wef|kjd

kj jeiaig jej msß,d

flláh u,a Wv weÈ,d

ta w;ghs fï w;ghs

keó jefkkjd

ta j;=frka fj, ire ù

f.dhï mefykjd

kS, f.dhu lsß jeÈ,d

rka wiajkq fk<k odg

kf.da wmg weUq, wrx

fj,g jfrkafka

flláh u,a iqo ;jrd

Wfò iskd lsß W;=rd

kf.da wmg weUq, wrx

fj,g jfrkafka

ilajd ,sys‚" uy.u fialr

46 47

—Y+r wirefjl= wiqka fu,a, lrñka úiauhdjy olaI;djka úoyd olajkakdla

fuka ksmqK idys;Hlrejd o mdGlhdf.a is; úiaufhka mqrjd ouñka ni

md,kh lrhs'˜ fuhska lshefjkafka ;u wruqK bgq lr .ekSu Wfoid

f,aLlhd NdIdj fhdod .kakd wdldrfhka Tyqf.a ksmqK;dj m%lg jk nj hs'

lúhdf.a jdlafldaIh Ndúl .=Khg uq,a ;ek fok w;r" úoHd f,aLlhdf.a jdla

fldaIh Ndj ySk h' lúhd jHx.Hd¾:j,ska mßfmdaIs; jdx ud,djla fhdod .kakd

w;r" úoHd f,aLlhd ksYaÑ;d¾: okjk jpk ud,djla Ndú; lrhs'

Ndúl .=Kh hkq rislhdf.a Ndjhka m%fndaOj;a fldg" Tyq uekúka w;aoelSug

iyNd.s lrjd .ekSfï yelshdj hs' kjl;djlska Wmqgd .;a my; fþoh úuid

n,kak(

iqfka;%df.a yçka fiakdërf.a isf;ys we;s jk m%y¾Ih wjg mßirfha úÑ;%;ajh

j¾Kkd lsÍfuka l=¿ .kajhs' fï ksid mdGlhd b;d Wkkaÿfjka hq;=j w;aoelSug

iyNd.s fjhs' tn÷ u ;j;a ksoiqkla úuid n,uq(

n,d f.k isg" wi, lsisjl= fkdoel th w;g .;a;d h' —Wojq ms‚i Tn

—miq Èk rd;%sh o i| t<sfhka b;d u m%ikak úh' iEu ;ekays me;sr

b;sr .sh" i| le¨ï ksid iS;djl i| f,dúka f.kd i| lvla fuka

ß§ meyefhka nn<kakg úh' fufia nn<k i| t<sfhka meyem;a jQ

ùÈhla Tiafia ;kshu .uka hk ;reKfhla w.ue;s ue÷r f.damqr uÕska

yefrkafka" msh.egfm< Èf.a kefÕkakg úh' fï ;reKhd fiakdër h'

tfia keÕ=Kq Tyqg ukaÈrh fj; t<fUkakg m<uq" msh.eg fm< milska

w;=re mdrl msysá mqIam uKavmhl isg iqfka;%d l:d l<d h' iqfka;%djf.a

ñysß lgy~ ijk; jka flfKys" wuq;= mKlska wjÈ jQ is;a i;ka we;s

fiakdër ;e;s .;af;l= fia k;r úh'˜iqfka;%d" ví,shq'ta' is,ajd

—fouõmshkaf.a wjjdofhka o wix.hkaf.a ueoy;alfuka o mßmSä; is;a

we;s kS,u‚ l=uß Èkla iji Whfka ilauka l<d h' fmr lsis lf,l kqÿgq

;rï uy;a .Kkla l=re,a,kaf.ka fuÈk Whk w,xldrj;a úh' fkdfhla

j¾.j, l=re,a,ka fkdfhla .ia fijK fldg f.k leo,s ;kkakg lrk

fhdackdÈh úfõlh leu;s wehg uy;a lkafodialsßhdjls' ne¨ - neÆ w;ska

yeu .ila u wehg fmfkkafka .S; NdKavhla fuks' ishqreik ;eklska o

zl=l+Z y~ ;eklska o kslau f.k tlg /õ ms<s/õ fok l, wehg Whka

ilauk tmd úh' fï l,y ueoafoa ;uka bÈßmsg ìu ld jeÿKq Bhla oel wE

;s.eiaiqKd h' yS fldfka n¢k ,o ;,am;la jQ fyhska ;ukg wk;=re lrk

udrhl= fuka fkd j ikafoaYhla f.fkk ¥;hl= fuka meñ‚ tA ySh foi

úiaufhda;aMq,a, khkfhka .ksï foda fkd .ksï foda hk is;a fo.sähdfjka

n,d isg" wi, lsisjl= fkd oel th w;g .;a;d h' —Wojq ms‚i olskq

leue;af;ï tod fuka wo" ta fj,djg t;ek isáh uekú˜ hkak tys fmks‚'

48 49

hg i|yka fldgfiys NdIdj iïNdjH isxy, .oH NdIdj yd ñY% jQjls' tfy;a

kS,u‚h wh;a jk hq.h yd iudc ;;a;ajh wkqj;a zúchnd fld,a,hZ ft;sydisl

kjl;djla ùu;a fya;= fldg f.k NdIdfõ mj;akd fuu .dïNS¾hh WÑ; nj

iyDohd wjfndaOh lr .kshs' Ñrka;k idys;ahsl Wla;Ska Ndú;hg .kakd kQ;k

idys;Hlrejd W;aidy lrkafka èjksmQ¾K fhÿï u.ska pu;aldrhla oekùug hs'

wjiaf:daÑ; mßÈ úh;a jyr yd lg jyr iïñY%Kh lrñka ks¾udKlrKfha

fh§ug o ks¾udKlrejd iu;a jkafka h' fï Bg ksoiqkls(

fï kso¾Yk u.ska fmkS hkafka hï ks¾udKhl NdIdj Ndúl .=Kfhka hq;= ùu

wksjd¾h nj;a" idys;ahsl NdIdj èjksmQ¾K úh hq;= nj;a h' idys;Hlrejdf.a

úl%uhka m%lg jkafka nfiys yi<;ajh u; neúka f;audjg" wod< hq.hg"

pß;j,g" tu pß; wh;a iudc ;;a;ajhg" iudc mka;shg" tu pß;fha wOHdmk

uÜgug iß,k" WÑ; niajyrla Ndú; lsÍug idys;Hlrejd iu;a úh hq;= h'

ks¾udKlrejdf.a woyia mdGlhd fj;g f.k hk jdylh NdIdj neúka NdIdfjys

uekúka yi< ùu ks¾udKfhys w.h jeä lsÍug fya;= fjhs'

idys;Hlrejd ish ks¾udKhg mdol lr .kakd w;aoelSfuys úYajikShNdjh ;yjqre

lsÍug Tyqf.a NdId Ndú;h bjy,a fõ'

;udf.a is; ii, l< w;aoelSula wkHhkag m%ldY lsÍu ks¾udKlrejl=f.a

wNs,dIh hs' Tyq ;u w;aoelSu rislhdg bÈßm;a lrkafka NdIdj udOHh fldg

f.k hs' ;udf.a ukig oekqKq" f,aLlhd ;u is; jvd;a lïmkhg m;a l<

w;aoelSu mdGlhd fj; f.k hEug Ndú; lrk udOHh NdIdj hs'

;ukaf.ka tA wdrlaIdj ,;a pr mqreIhd oeka udhdjla fkd fõ¦ ñßÕ=jla

fkd fõ' Tyq i;Hhls' tfyhska fï l=vd ;,am;ska wehf.a fudf<dla is;

fmr lsis l,l lsisjlskq;a fkd flreKq ;rug ls;s lejqfKa h' thska

ls,sfmd<d .sh i¾jdx.h we;a;S mfilska msysá nxl=jla Wv ys| .;a;d h'

úchnd fld,a,h" ví,shq'ta' is,ajd

—Wfoa jrefõ fkdlvjd mej;s Ñß Ñß jeiailska miq iqj myiq f.k fok

isis,a iq<`. yuk tla ijil Y%shd;a uhqß;a ;sid jeõ neïfï rka uiq

Whk wNshi ilauka lrñka isáfhda h' fl<s ljg nia fodvñka .sh Y%shd

u| fj,djla kej;S lkao mduq, ;K ks,a, foi n,d.;a jk u .,a .eiS

isáhd h'

—wr bkafka thd fkao@ wr Èhg fudkjfoda úis lrkjd'˜

—ta jdf.a ;ud fmfkkafk' wms wdmiq yefruq'˜ uhqß kej;=Kd h'

—wehs kj;skafka@ wms fydfrka u msgqmiska huq'˜

iod fuf,i mqr forfKa" ta' ù' iqrùr

48 49

fmdÿfõ idys;H ks¾udKj, wka;¾.;h jkafka udkj Ôú;h hs' udkj Ôú;fha

úúO wjia:d" isÿùï" pß; mokï lrf.k idys;H ks¾udK f.dv kef.hs' idys;H

lD;sfha wka;¾.;h ks¾udKlrejdf.a w;aoelSï u; mokï fjhs' Tyq wid" oel

lshjd ú| we;s foa weiqfrka mßl,amkh u.ska f.dv keÕ+ h:d¾:h ks¾udKfha

wka;¾.;h fjhs' ks¾udKlrejd th bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd úúO pß;" Wmud" rEml"

wdÈh Ndú; lrhs' by; oelajqqKq mµ ldjH ks¾udK iy .µ ks¾udKj,ska Wmqgd

.;a mdGj,ska wmg th ;yjqre lr .; yels h'


iqixfhdackh - uekúka ixfhdackh jQ

ldfjHdala;s - ldjHuh$ldjHh i|yd fhdod .kakd lshuka

jdpHd¾: - u;= msg w¾:h

úiauhdjy - mqÿu Wmojk

jdlafldaIh - jpk iuQyh" jpk ix.%yh

mßfmdaIs; - ukdj fmdaIKh jQ

m%y¾Ih - wêl ikaf;daIh

úiaufhda;aMq,a, - mqÿufhka msÍ .sh weiska

khkfhka

i¾jdx.h - ish¨ YÍrh

.dïNSr;ajh - .eUqre nj

Ñrka;k - mqrdK ld,hg wh;a" fm!rd‚l

Wla;Ska - lshuka

èjksmQ¾K - u;=msg w¾:h blaujd hk ieÕjqKq w¾:hlska

fmdaIKh jQ

wjiaf:daÑ; - wjia:djg iqÿiq" ;ekg;a ld,hg;a .e<fmk

yi<;ajh - uekúka mqreÿ mqyqKq nj$ksmqK;ajh

mßl,amkh - idys;H l,d ks¾udKh i|yd wjYH oE is;ska

ujd .ekSu

50 51

wjfndaOh

1' lúhdf.a jdlafldaIh;a úoHd f,aLlhdf.a jdlafldaIh;a w;r we;s fjki

l=ula o@

2' idys;H ks¾udKhl § jpkj, Ndúl .=Kh hkqfjka woyia jkafka l=ula oehs

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

3' idys;Hlrejdf.a m%;sNdj m%lg l< yels m%Odk udOHh f,i fuys i|yka

jkafka l=ula o@

4' —idys;H ks¾udKhl § jdpHd¾:h blaujd jHx.Hd¾:h ckkh lrk wdldrhg

lúhd ni yiqrejhs'˜ hk m%ldYfhys w¾:h úuikak'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' mdvfuys wka;¾.; lreKq ie,ls,a,g f.k my; oelafjk mµ mka;sfhys

NdIdfõ iqúfYaI;ajh y÷kd f.k úpdrh lrkak'

meKs flduvq

me‚ flduvq je,

hk tk iEu ;ekl u

;shd hkjduhs f.ähla

fyak u;

;yjqre lrkakg ;u whs;sh

ta ú;rla u fkd j

lelsß je,a yd tla j

yskd fjkjd weo lr lr

n;, je,aj,g

ysia w;ska bkakjg

fld< ú;rla u jk jk

fldau yß fï <Õ È

w,s .eyeõjg miafi Th fyakg

lelsß je,a oro~q j

flduvq f.ä wd.sh w;la ke;

n;, je,a ál;a iS iS lv

md¿jg .sh fyakla kï ;uhs oeka th

ta;a ;du;a fyak .dúka hk wh

wefyk neõ lshkjd

n;, w, j.hla yqiau.kakd y~

fyñysg

ó<Õ óú;" rejka nkaÿÔj

50 51

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tn wNsu; f;audjla hgf;a lúhla .S;hla fyda flál;djla ks¾udKh lrkak'

2' my; kï i|yka ks¾udKlrejkaf.a ldjH yd flál;d ks¾udK fol ne.ska

fidhd ,sms f.dkq folla ilid mka;s mqia;ld,fha ;nkak'

ldjH ks¾udK flál;d ks¾udK

Ô' î' fiakdkdhl

isß .=kisxy

.=Kodi wurfialr

uy.u fialr

fudksld rejkam;srK

ohdfiak .=Kisxy

mrdl%u fldä;=jlal=

n¾á î' l=vdfyÜá

O¾uisß rdcmlaI

r;ak YS% úfÊisxy

kkaok ùrisxy

ví,sõ' ta' is,ajd

ud¾áka úl%uisxy

Ô' î' fiakdkdhl

.=Kodi wurfialr

fla' ch;s,l

tÈßùr irÉpkaø

ihsuka kj.;af;a.u

mshiS,S úfÊudkak

ohdfiak .=Kisxy

rkað;a O¾ulS¾;s

ch;s,l lïue,a,ùr

52 53

iEu ukqIHhl=g u iajlSh ckau N+ñh ms<sn|j we;af;a wNsudkhls' foaYfha

b;sydih" iajNdj fi!kao¾hh" ixialD;sl Wreuhka yd ksoyia ksjy,a

mqrjeishkaf.a ls%hdldrlï u; foaYdNsudkh ckkh fõ' f,dalfha yeu

ck fldÜGdihlg u ;u rgg wdorh" mlaImd;Ndjh" foaYdkqrd.h okjk

ks¾udK we;' foaYSh fuka u úfoaYSh f,aLlhka YS% ,xldj .ek lrk ,o

tn÷ ks¾udK weiqfrka fï mdvu ieliS we;'

foaYdkqrd.h hkq ;u ud;D N+ñh flfrys we;s we,au hs¦ foaYfma%ó;ajh hs¦ wdorh hs'

tu ud;D N+ñfhys fYa%IaG;ajh ms<sn| yeÕSu wm is;a i;kays iod /£ mej;sh hq;= h'

fomhska ke.S isáñka ksoyiaj ksjy,aj Ôj;a ùug wjldY ie,fikafka cd;s" wd.ï"

l=, fNaoj,ska f;drj tl u cd;shla tkï" YS% ,dxlsl hk yeÕSfuka hq;=j lghq;=

lf<d;a mu‚' fï mqKH N+ñfhka fuf,djg cks; jQ wm yeu fokdg u Ôj;a ùug

m%dKjdhqj ,nd ÿkafka fï W;=ï N+ñfhks' ñksil=g ;ud Wmka ìug jvd jákd

fjk;a ìula ke;' wNsudkfhka hq;=j Ôj;a ùug wjYH mßirh ta ;=< mej;Su

Bg fya;=jls' foaYdkqrd.S yeÕSï Tiafia ;u cd; N+ñh ms<sn| we;s jk wdvïnrh"

wNsudkh foaYdNsudkh hs'

;u ckau N+ñfha iajNdj fi!kao¾hh" ft;sydisl Wreuh" iajdNdúl iïm;a"

iYS%l;ajh" ixialD;sl Wreuh" cd;sl ksoyi .ek lshefjk foaYdkqrd.h oekfjk

ks¾udK l< f,aLlfhda fndfyda h' tu ks¾udKhkaf.a uqLHd¾:h jQfha rg jeishd

;=< foaYdNsudkh ckkh lsÍu hs'

uy.u fialr hkq foaYdkqrd.fhka To jeä iajdëk lúfhls' Tyqf.a m%;sNdj

biau;= flfrk “r;ak§m ckau N+ñ'''” kï ldjH ks¾udKh isxyf,ka ,shjqKq

foaYdNsudkS ks¾udK w;r m%uqL ;ekla ysñ lr .;a;ls' fï ldjH ks¾udKh Tn

.S;hla f,iska o ri ú| we;'

fï wfma Wodr jQ ud;D N+ñhhs

—r;ak §m ckauN+ñ

,xl§m úchN+ñ

fï wfma Wodr jQ ud;D N=ñhhs

wdÈ isxyf,a ùr ó uq;=ka f,hska

idr jQ Wodr jQ ud;D N=ñhhs

8

52 53

,la forK wdl%u‚lhkaf.a .%yKfhka uqojd .ekSug ;u vyÈh muKla fkdj

reêrh o fy¿fjda fndfyda fj;s' ue‚la njg m;a ù fï fmdf<da ;,fhka ,efnkafka

ta vyÈh yd reêrh hs' uyd id.rh mrok jeõ ;,d u;ska we§ tk iq<Õ Tjqkaf.a

m%dK jdhqj hs' oi; .,d hk .x.d ;rÕ kÕñka .hkafka ta ùrhkaf.a hfYda

.S;h hs' fujka W;a;Í;r yeÕSï okjk fï ks¾udKh <ud" ;reK" uy¨ yeu

flkl= ;=< u ;u foaYh ms<sn| wNsudkhla cks; lsÍfuys iu;a fjhs'

we;eï úg ;ud Wmka N+ñh muKla fkd j" yefok jefvk foaYh ms<sn|j o

flkl= ;=< foaYdkqrd.hla ckkh úh yels h' áfnÜ cd;sl tia' uyskao ysñ

tjeks lúfhls' YS% ,dxlslhd mrdëk;ajfhka uqojd .ekSfï mrudNs,dIfhka"

Tjqka fm,Uùu i|yd Wka jykafia l< ks¾udK fndfyda h' úfoaYslhl= jqj o

iajfoaYslhl=g o jvd isß,la ìu ms<sn|j we,aula" wNsudkhla mej;s nj Wka jykafia

úiska lrk ,o ks¾udKj,ska ms<sìUq fõ' ksoyfia uka;%h" yd ksoyfia oeyek hk

.%ka: YS% ,dxlslhd ;=< ksoyia igk i|yd foaYdNsudkh yd cd;sldNsudkh we;s

l< ks¾udK fia ms<s.efka' cd;sl f;dá,a," wfma bÈß .uk" wo ,laujf.a mq;a;="

úfoaYslfhl=f.ka ,laujg kuialdrhla" ,xldj bÈßhg" YS% ,xld Woh .S; wdÈ

mµ ks¾udK ta w;r fõ' “fmr rc oji ,xldj” mµ rpkfhys isß,l ckhd .ek

uyskao ysñfhda fufia i|yka lr;s'

ud‚lH fia fmdf<da .efí ksOdk ù

we;af; ta wNS; ¥ mq;=ka

cd;sfha kdufhka

ix.%du N+ñfha

Ôúf;a mqod ye¿E f,a l|hs

iskaOQmudk jeõ ;,d u;ska we§

moau f¾Kqfhka iq.kaO ù

rka lr,a kud yud

is;a m%fndaOfhka mqrd

tkafk Wka fy¿E m%dK jdhqjhs

.x.d ;rx. rdj § ß§ j‚ka

u,a msmS l=<ska l=f<a yemS

.dhkd lrkafka

wdldYfha ke.S

ùrhkaf. ta hfYda .S;hhs'

uy.u fialr

54 55

fmr wm isß,l foõf,djl isßh .;af;a i;r ix.%y jia;=j,ska yd oirdc O¾ufhka

rclï l<" foújreka jeks rcjreka ksid h' iYS%l;ajfhka wkQk" ksis l,g jeis

,efnk fï ,la ìu uq¿ f,dalfha u w. ;eka f.k isà' i;Hh" lreKdj" ffu;s%h

uqÈ;dj wdÈ ioyï rlsk ck;dj furg Ôj;a úh' tksid u fï mska ìu tl u oyï

Èjhskla jQ nj uyskao ysñfhda mji;s'

YS% ,xldj ms<sn| weiQ mu‚ka" tys f;dr;=re oek.;a mu‚ka foaYdkqrd.hla

ckkh jQ úfoaYSh l;=jreka o fï N+ñh ms<sn| úúO woyia m< l< wjia:d we;'

kj jk ishjfia Ndr;fha úiQ m%lg mçjrhl= jk YS% rdcfialrhka ,shQ lD;sfhys

wm rg .ek fufia i|yka fjhs'

isõ iÕrdj;ska oi rc oñka ne£

iõ f,da i;g l=¨‚ka iõ biqre È§

foõ rcjreka jeks uy rcjreka /£

foõ f,da isßh fmr wm isß ,flys ,§

iqisß; ñil ÿisß; lsis ;efkl ke;

ßis jk ish¨ hisiqre ßis f,i u we;

ksis l, jeis o iia m, keÕs keÕS .;

fuish,a iefmka isß ,l f,da uqÿka m;

inji l=¨Kq fu;a uqÈ;d oyï ieu

ienúka rls;s uy ok Èú f,iska ;u

fudn ;j l=ug fidhñ o kj Wjï uu

fuu ,l ;ud tjlg tl oyï ìu

áfnÜ cd;sl weia uyskao ysñ

ckYa p jdlaiqOd iq;S¾

u‚ iq;SYap frdayK#

kdkH;% isxy,oaùmdka

uqla;d iQ;SYap id.r#

^wud jeks joka we;s ckhd o ue‚la ,nd fok frdayK ckmoh o uq;= WmÈk

id.rh o hk fï ish,a, isxy,oaùmfha yereKq úg wka ;efkl oelsh fkd yels h&'

nd,rdudhKh" YS% rdcfialr

54 55

f,dalfha lsis ÿ ;ekl oelsh fkd yels ck fldÜGdihla fuys jdih lrk nj

lshk rdcfialrfhda rij;a jpk l;d lrk" jákd ue‚la we;s" uq;=j,ska hq;=

id.rhla ysñ W;=ï rgla f,i YS% ,xldj y÷kajd fo;s' fuh lshjk YS% ,dxlslhd

;=< ckkh jkafka uyd;audNsudkhls'

úúO wjêj, úúO cd;Ska fuys meñ‚fha wm rg ms<sn| jákdlu jgyd.;a neúks'

tf,i fuys meñ‚ úfoaYSh f,aLlhka fï mqKH N+ñh ms<sn| l< ks¾udK wm is;a

ys foaYdkqrd.h oekùug iu;a fõ'

m¾ishdkq cd;sl zú,shï khsfgdakaZ úiska 1854 § rpkd l< Forest Life in Ceylon lD;sh ufkda m%kdkaÿ úiska ,laìu jk ießh kñka isxy, nig mßj¾;kh

flß‚' tys ,xldj ms<sn|j fufia igyka fjhs(

,xldfõ jkdka;r" uqyqÿnv mßirh" jd;h yd ckhd ms<sn|j Tyq ;=< mej;s

wdl¾IKYS,S nj fuu újrKfhka ukdj ms<sìUq fõ' wm w.h fkd lrk

fndfyda foa Tjqkaf.a we.hSug Ndckh jQ whqre lÈu h'

ls¾.Sia cd;sl Ñka.Sia whs;audf;daõ ,shQ zrdkakfha Iqrõ,sZ flá kjl;dj miqj

zThe Early CranesZ kñka bx.sßis nig mßj¾;kh úh' tu lD;sh ví,shq' ta'

wfíisxy úiska isxy, nig mßj¾;kh flß‚' tu lD;sh wdrïN jkafka YS%

,xldj ms<sn|j flfrk w;sYh ruŒh újrKhlsks'

—,xldj wdl¾IŒh iqkaor Èjhskls' tla fi!kao¾hd;aul f,aLlhl=

igyka l< mßÈ ziq<Õska msúfikafka iqñysß iqj|lsZ' fuys we;af;a b;d u

ÿ¾,N jákd jDlaIhkaf.ka hq;a jkdka;rhls' fuu Èjhsfka wk¾>;u

ue‚l jYfhka i,lkafka Èhuka;sh hs'

—fjr< Èf.a ieris,a,la fuka yß; j¾K Ydlfhda fmfkkakg jQ y'

tajd m, nßka msÍ we;s fldflda .ia h' Èh/<s .,amrj, fõ.fhka

yemS iqfodaiqÿ fmK úisfrhs' tys meyeh fjr< ;Srfha Èia jk Ydl iu.

ii|k l,ays mriamrj lÈug Èia fõ' jrdfhka Tíng fmfkk ffjj¾K

jia;%hkaf.ka ieriqKq ckhd taldldÍ f,i tyd fuyd ießirk whqre

wmQre h' ieneúka u th k.rhl isßhla .efka' fï ish,a,gu;a jvd by<g

tiejqKq l÷jeá wE;ska wE;g úys§ we;af;a wjêu;a f,i h' tlsfklg uqjd

fjñka ie,lsh hq;= ;rï nEjqïj ke.S isák l÷fy,a w;ßka ,dxlslhkaf.a

f.!rjhg ,la jk iufkd< .sß isri Èia fõ'˜

,laìu jk ießh" ufkda m%kdkaÿ

³ fmd,a .ia úh yels h'

³

56 57

.=rejßhl jk bkalud,a wmdhs orejkg YS% ,xldj .ek mdvula lshd foñka f,dj

we;s fyd| u rgla f,i th y÷kajd fohs' f,dj ´kE u foaYhl whl=g fï N+ñh

;=< Ôj;a úh yels h' ta furg mj;sk iuYSf;daIaK foaY.=Kh ksihs' meh lsysmhla

;=< ´kE u foaY.=‚l rgdjla ,laìu ;=< oel.; yels h' tjka Wodr N+ñhls wfma

ud;D N+ñh'

wyUq f,i ,xldjg meñK jir 20la muK ,xldfõ Ôj;a j keõ ke.S wdmiq hk

w;r furg f;dr;=re weiqfrka z,xldfõ b;sydi l;dkaorhZ Historical Relations of Ceylon kñka frdnÜ fkdlaia ,shQ lD;sh fâúâ lreKdr;ak úiska tod fy< Èj

kñka isxy,hg k.k ,È' bx.S%is cd;sl keúhl= jQ fkdlaia YS% ,xldfõ iudÔh"

wd¾Ól" ixialD;sl" foaYmd,k f;dr;=re weiqre lr f.k fuu lD;sh ,shd we;'

YS% ,dxlslhkaf.a hy.=K" wd.u" NdIdj" /lshd wdÈh .ek fkdlaia fufia i|yka

lrhs'

³ “isxy,hd b;d úkS; h' wd.ka;=l i;aldrfhys ;;amr h' iajfoaYSkayg fuka u

lreKdfjka úfoaYSkayg;a i,lkafka h'” ³ “Tjqkaf.a nqoaOd.u b;d i;H jQ ks¾u, jQ m%{djg f.dapr jQ ;¾lhg wkql+, jQ

fYa%IaG wd.uls' ta nj uu o tfia u ms<s.ksñ'”

—YS% ,xldj" bka§h fjr<dikakfhys msysgd we;s ta mru ruŒh iqkaor

Èjhsk zbkalud,a wmdhsZ ish mka;sfha <uhskag W.kajñka isáfha YS% ,xldj

.ek h' f.or § f.d;k ,o o< f,dï i¿jla fmdrjdf.k isáh o .=rejßh

iS;f,a .efykakg jQjd h' uydoaùmh kue;s lsß nqre,af,ka jefgk lsß

ì÷jla f,iska YS% ,xldj is;shu u; is;a;ï j we;' <uhs ish .=rejßhg

ijka § .;a jk u isáhy' YS% ,xldfõ fkdfhla wmQre foa we;' j÷rka" w,s

we;a;=" flfi,a uq¿ f,dfjys u we;s fyd| u f;a t;kska .shd u" kkaúO

m,;=re .iaje,a tys we;s foaj,a ksula ke;af;a h' tfy;a jeo.;a u foh

kï YS% ,xldj WKqiqï rgla ùu h' fl;rï WKqiqï o lsj fyd;a uq¿

jir mqrd u lsisu Èkl iS;f,a .efykafka ke;sj Ôj;a úh yelafla h'

ysu im;a;=" ysu jeiqï" WKqiqï mdjyka" ysu lnd fï lsisjla wjYH ke;'

WKqiqu ,nkq i|yd or o wjYH jkafka ke;'

—fudk;rï mS%;su;a wmQre Ôú;hla o@ ´kEu ;ekl leu;s úÈhg weúÈkak

ilauka lrkak' ysre /iska keyefjkak' WKqiqu jeä kï fyjKlg f.dia

odyh ksjkak' YS% ,xldfõ ojd,;a /h;a tl fia WKqiqï h' uq¿ jir mqrd u

we;af;a ta w;siqkaor .sïydkh hs' YS% ,xldfõ ke;af;a fudkjd o@ Tng

is;ska is;d .; yels yeu wdYap¾hhla u tys we;af;a h' Tng tys i;=áka

úfkdaofhka Ôj;a úh yelafla h'˜

fõ,dik fldlal= weú;a" ví,shq'ta' wfíisxy

56 57

³ zisxy,hkaf.a NdIdj jQl,s jd.a Yla;sfhka wkQk jQ" th l;d lrk ck;dj

fuka u fYa%IaG jQ" iq,,s; iqLkuH" iquOqr NdIdjls' ta NdIdj l;d lsÍug

bñysß h' rij;a weu;=fuka yd ckldka; Ndjfhka mßmQ¾K h'Z

³ zf,dalfha uq,a u rlaIdj;a b;d W;=ï u rlaIdj;a f.dú;ek h' isxy,hkaf.aa

m%Odk rlaIdj o fï uq,a u W;=ï u rlaIdj hs' ;ukaf.a fl;a j;=j, jev lsÍu

fld;rï Wiia flfkl=g kuq;a kskaodjg ldrKhla fkd fõ'Z

úfoaYslhka fuf,i YS% ,dxlsl foaYh we.hSug Ndckh lrk úg YS%

,dxlslhdf.a isf;ys ckkh jkafka foaYdkqrd.hls¦ foaYdNsudkhls' fujka ks¾udK

weiqfrka ;u ud;D N+ñh ms<sn| wkqrd.hla" wNsudkhla we;s lr .ekSu muKla

m%udKj;a fkd fõ' wm hd hq;= u. o y÷kd.; hq;= h' uvj, tia' r;akdhlf.a fï

mµ ks¾udKfhka ta ms<sn|j lshefõ(

wNsudkfhka hq;=j fï ujqìu wkd.; oehg /l §u wmf.a mru hq;=luls'

fjr ùßh we;;a ysf;a

mshlre nj we;;a jf;a

oyÈh fkdu ief,k .f;a

Tn fmd<jg nrls mqf;a

fmr úrejka Tnf. mqf;a

bÈ l< jeõ n,ka mqf;a

oEf;a iúfhkqhs mqf;a

ta uy jeõ ne÷fK mqf;a

tjka f,hska Wmka mqf;a

iqre úrelï Tng wef;a

oE Wreuh we;sj isf;a

ujqìu foi n,ka mqf;a

uvj, tia' r;akdhl

58 59


wjfndaOh

1' my; § we;s m%Yakj,g flá ms<s;=re imhkak'

¸' foaYdkqrd.h yd foaYdNsudkh y÷kajkak'

¸¸' foaYdNsudkh ckkh lsÍug n,mdk idOl fudkjd o@

¸¸¸' uy.u fialrf.a ks¾udKfhaa YS% ,xldj ye¢kaùug fh¥ m¾hdh mo ,shkak'

¸¹' fuu N+ñh idrj;a jQfha l=ulska o@

¹' w;S; uq;=ka ñ;a;kaf.a m%dKjdhqj f,i Tyq olajkafka l=ula o@

¹¸' .,k .x.djkaf.ka kef.k y`äka mejfikafka l=ula o@

¹¸¸' YS% ,xldj foõ f,djl isßh .;a nj lshefjkafka l=uk lreKq ksid o@

¹¸¸¸' ,xldj f,dj w.;eka .ekSug n,mE lreKq fudkjd o@

¸º' fjk;a ia:dkhl oelsh fkd yels foa isxy,oaùmfhys we;' nd,

rdudhKhg wkqj ta fudkjd o@

º' úfoaYSh f,aLlhkaf.a ks¾udK lSmhlska Wmqgd .;a fldgia mdvfï

wka;¾.; h' ta f,aLlhka kï lrkak'

iskaOQmudk - id.rh yd iudk

ß§ j‚ka - ß§ mdáka

isõ iÕrdj; - i;r ix.%y jia;=

ôdkh" ms%h jpkh" w¾: p¾hdj" iudkd;au;dj&

oi rc oñka - oi rdc O¾ufhka ôdkh" YS,h" mß;Hd.h" Rcq nj"

uDÿ nj" ;mi" wfl%daOh" wúysxidj" laIdka;sh" ffu;s%h&

l=¨‚ka - lreKdfjka

iõ biqre - ish¨ iïm;a

inji - i;H jpk

Wjï - Wmud

yß; j¾K - fld< meyeh

wkQk - wvq ke;s

iq,,s; - ,d,s;H núka hq;=

ckldka; Ndjh - ckhd weo .kakd nj

58 59

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka YS¾I hgf;a mdvfï wka;¾.; lreKq f.dkq lrkak'

¸' iajNdj fi!kao¾h

¸¸' foaY.=‚l ,laIK

¸¸¸' ckhd i;= .=Kdx.

2' my; § we;s jpk i|yd .e<fmk jpk mdvfuka Wmqgd ,shkak'

¸' fk¨ï -

¸¸' reysre -

¸¸¸' W;=ï wruqK -

¸¹' ujqìu -

¹' rejka -

3' úreoaOd¾: mo ,shkak'

¸' iqisß; -

¸¸' iajdëk -

¸¸¸' ßis -

¸¹' ÿ¾,N -

¹' W;=ï -

4' my; i|yka mo fhdod w¾:j;a jdlHh ne.ska ,shkak'

¸' jd.a Yla;sh

¸¸' mßmQ¾K

¸¸¸' wdl¾IŒh

¸¹' ffjj¾K

¹' ruŒh

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' “fï wfma Wodr jQ ud;D N+ñhhs” hk ud;Dldj hgf;a jpk 250l muK

rpkhla ,shkak'

2' foaYdNsudks yeÕSï okjk mµ mka;shla ks¾udKh lrkak'

3' foaYdNsudks yeÕSï okjk idys;H ks¾udK tl;= lr ks¾udK ix.%yhla ilia

lrkak' ^mka;sfha ish¨ isiqkaf.a odhl;ajh ,nd .kak&

60 61

woyia m%ldYkh i|yd fhdod .kakd wre;a iys; NdIduh tall zmoZ kñka

ye|skafõ' mo lSmhla iïmQ¾K woyila m%ldY jk mßÈ ms<s.;a rgdjlg

wkqj .e<mSfuka zjdlHZ ks¾udKh fjhs' NdIdfõ yuq jk mo j¾. i;rls'

zkdu moZ" zl%shd moZ" zWmi¾.Z yd zksmd;Z hkqfjks' fï w;=frka jdlHhla

;ekSug bjy,a jkafka kdu mo" l%shd mo yd ksmd; hs' tla wjidk l%shdjlg

iïnkaO jQ mo rgdjla jdlHhla fjhs' iEu jdlHhl u zWla;hZ yd zwdLHd;hZ

hkqfjka fldgia folls' fï m%Odk fldgia fol w;r wLKav wfkHdakH

.e<mSula fyj;a iïnkaOhla mj;S' fï iïnkaOh fyj;a zWla;-wdLHd;

mo iïnkaOhZ ksjerÈ jdlHhlg wod< m<uq jk kS;sh hs' ksjerÈ jdlHhla

ks¾udKh i|yd Wla;-wdLHd; mo iïnkaOh isÿ lrk wdldr folla fï

mdvfuka Tng W.; yels h'

Wla;-wdLHd; mo iïnkaOh hkq jdlHhl Wla;h fyj;a l%shdj isÿ lrkakd

wÕjk kdu moh;a wdLHd;h fyj;a tu kdu mofhka oelafjk l¾;D úiska isÿ

lrkq ,nk l%shdj;a w;r mej;sh hq;= jHdlrKuh .e<mSu hs' jdlHhla ksjerÈj

ixúOdkh ù we;ehs ms<s.efkkafka fï .e<mSu u; h'

Wla;-wdLHd; mo iïnkaOh ì÷Kq úg jdlHfhka mejiSug wfmalaIs; w¾:h

ksrjq,aj yd meyeÈ,sj m%ldY fkd fõ' tu;= o fkdj NdIdfõ iïu; kS;sh fyj;a

jHdlrKh o ì| jefÜ' NdIdjla jHjydr l< hq;af;a ta NdIdfõ iïu; kS;sj,g

fyj;a jHdlrKhg wkql+,j h'

jdlHhl Wla;h yd wdLHd;h mqreI jYfhka o jpk jYfhka o wdLHd;h fjkqjg

lDoka; l%shdjla fhfoa kï ,sx. jYfhka o tlsfkl .e<msh hq;= h'

Wla;-wdLHd; mo .e<mSu wkqj jdlHhla ilia jk l%u folls'

1' <uhd fmd; lshjhs' 5' n<,d óhka urhs'

2' <uhs fmd;a lshj;s' 6' n<,a¨ óhka ur;s'

3' ñksid .i lmhs' 7' ffjoHjrhd frda.Ska iqjm;a lrhs'

4' ñksiaiq .i lm;s' 8' ffjoHjre frda.Ska iqjm;a lr;s'

fuys 1" 3" 5" 7 hk wxl hgf;a oelafjk jdlHhkays <uhd" ñksid" n<,d yd

l¾;D ldrl jdlH iy l¾u ldrl jdlH 9

jdlHhl Wla; l¾;D yd wdLHd;h ^ke; fyd;a lDoka; l%shdj& tlsfkl mqreI" jpk yd ,sx. jYfhka .e<mSfuka ks¾udKh flfrk jdlH l¾;D ldrl jdlH kñka ye|skafjhs'

60 61

ffjoHjrhd hk kdu mo ta jdlHhkays l¾;D mo hs' tkï lshjhs" lmhs" urhs"

îqjm;a& lrhs hk l%shd moj,ska mejfik l%shdj isÿ lrkakd wÕjk mo hs' ta mo

m%:u mqreI tal jpk kdu mo neúka ta yd .e<fmk mßÈ W.kS" lmhs" urhs"

îqjm;a& lrhs hk l%shd mo m%:u mqreI tal jpkfhka fhdod we;' fï ieu

jdlHhl u l¾;D moh l%shd mofhka Wla; ùu isÿ fjhs'

2" 4" 6" 8 hk wxlj,ska oelafjk jdlHhkays Wla; l¾;D nyq jpk w¾: .kS' ta

wkqj wod< jdlHhkays l%shd mo nyq jpkfhka fhdod we;s nj meyeÈ,s jkq we;'

fï ieu jdlHhl u l¾;D mohg wu;rj ;j;a kdu mohla ne.ska fjhs' tajd fï

jdlHhkays l¾u moh jifhka isà' l¾u moh wkqla;j ;eìh hq;= h'

by;ska olajk ,o ish¨ u jdlH" Wla;hg fyj;a l%shdj isÿ lrkakd wÕjk kdu

mohg wkql+,j l%shd moh fhdod we;s jdlH fõ'

fujeks jdlH l¾;D ldrl jdlH hkqfjka ye|skafjhs'

mqreI fNaoh" jpk fNaoh yd ld, fNaoh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrñka ;j;a

kso¾Yk lsysmhlska fuh úuid n,uq(

by; jels foi n,k úg" l¾;D ldrl jdlHj, my; i|yka ,laIK y÷kd .;

yels h'

ld,h mqreIh tal jpk nyq jpk

j¾;udk

w;S;

wkd.;

m%:u

uOHu

W;a;u

m%:u

uOHu

W;a;u

m%:u

uOHu

W;a;u

ñksid f.hla idohs'

kqU f.hla idoys'

uu f.hla idoñ'

ñksid f.hla iEo Sh'

kqU f.hla iE§ys'

uu f.hla iE§ñ'

ñksid f.hla idohs'

kqU f.hla idoys'

uu f.hla idoñ'

ñksiaiq f.hla ido;s'

kqU,d f.hla idoyq'

wms f.hla idouq'

ñksiaiq f.hla iE¥y'

kqU,d f.hlaa iE¥yq'

wms f.hla iE¥uq'

ñksiaiq f.hla ido;s'

kqU,d f.hla idoyq'

wms f.hla idouq'

³

³ wkd.; ld,h iòyd j¾;udk ld, l%shd rEmh u Y=oaO wdLHd;h f,i fhfoa'

62 63

³ l¾;D ldrl jdlHh l¾;D Wla; jk ksid tu Wla; l¾;Dg wkqj wdLHd;h

fhfoa'

WodyrK(-

³ l¾;D ldrl jdlHhl l¾uh wkqla; fõ'

WodyrK(-

³ Wla; l¾;D wh;a jk mqreIhg wkqj wdLHd;h o ;eìh hq;= fõ'

WodyrK(-

1' <uhd úiska fmd; lshfõ$lshfjhs$ lshjkq ,efí$lshjkq ,nhs'

2' <uhska úiska fmd;a lshfõ$lshfjhs$lshjkq ,efí$lshjkq ,nhs''

3' ñksid úiska .i lefma$lmkq ,efí$lmkq ,nhs'

4' ñksiqka úiska .i lefma$lmkq ,efí$lmkq ,nhs'

5' n<,d úiska ófhda uefr;s$urkq ,efn;s$urkq ,n;s'

6' n<¨ka úiska ófhda uefr;s$urkq ,efn;s$urkq ,n;s'

7' ffjoHjrhd úiska frda.Syq iqjm;a flfr;s$iqjm;a lrkq ,efn;s$

lrkq ,n;ss'

8' ffjoHjreka úiska frda.Syq iqjm;a flfr;s$iqjm;a lrkq ,efn;s$

lrkq ,n;s'

fï jdlHj, § isÿ ù we;af;a lsfula o@ l¾;D ldrl jdlHhlg jvd fuys §

fjkialï lsysmhla oelsh yels h'

fï jdlHj, § l¾;D wkqla; fldg ;sfí' zúiskaZ hk ksmd;h wkqla; l¾;D

rEmhg wE|d we;'

ujqmsfhda orejka hyu`. hj;s'

Wla;h wdLHd;h

f.dúfhda .jhka n¢;s'

l¾uh

uu foaYlhdf.a woyia wjOdkhg .;af;ñ'

W;a;u mqreI tal jpk W;a;u mqreI tal jpk

ls%hd mohg wod< l¾;D

wms foaYlhdf.a woyia wjOdkhg .;af;uqq'

W;a;u mqreI nyq jpk W;a;u mqreI nyq jpk

ls%hd mohg wod< l¾;D

mo .e<mSu wkqj jdlHhla ilia lr .; yels fojk l%uhla o fjhs' fuys § jdlHfha wjidk l%shdfjka lshfjkafka" tkï Wla; jkafka jdlHfha l¾u moh hs' l¾;D moh wkqla; fjhs'

62 63

l¾;D ldrl jdlHfha wkqla;j ;nk ,o l¾uh fuys Wla; fldg we;'

l%shd moh Wla; l¾uhg wkqrEmj fhfoa' th l¾u ldrl l%shd rEmhla fyda

lDoka; mohlg √ ,n Od;=j fhdod ilia lr .;a;la fyda úh yels h'

mqreI fNaoh" jpk fNaoh yd ld, fNaoh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrñka ;j;a

kso¾Yk lsysmhlska fuh úuid n,uq(

z

ld,h mqreIh taljpk nyqjpk

j¾;udk

w;S;

m%:u

uOHu

W;a;u

m%:u

uOHu

W;a;u

uj úiska mq;d /flhs$

rlskq ,efí'

ud úiska kqU /flys$rlskq

,efnys'

Tyq úiska uu /flñ$rlskq

,efnñ'

uj úiska mq;d /ls‚$rlskq

,eì‚$rlsk ,È'

ud úiska kqU /ls‚ys$rlskq

,enqfKys$rlsk ,oys'

Tyq úiska uu /l=fKñ$

rlskq ,enqfKñ$rlsk ,Èñ'

uj úiska mq;a;= /fl;s$

rlskq ,efn;s'

ud úiska kqU,d /flyq$rlskq

,efnyq'

Tyq úiska wms /fluq$

rlskq ,efnuq'

uj úiska mq;a;= /l=Kq$rlsk

,oy$rlskq ,enqKq'

ud úiska kqU,d /l=fKyq$rlskq

,enqfKyq$rlsk ,oyq'

Tyq úiska wms /l=fKuq$rlskq

,enqfKuq$ rlsk ,Èuq'

wkd.; m%:u

uOHu

W;a;u

uj úiska mq;d /fla$

/flkafka$rlskq ,efnkafka

h'

ud úiska kqU /flys$

/flkafkys$

rlskq ,efnkafkys'

Tyq úiska uu /flñ$

/flkafkñ$

rlskq ,efnñ$

rlskq ,efnkafkñ'

uj úiska mq;a;=

/fl;s$/flkafkda$

/flkakdyq$rlskq ,efn;s$

rlskq ,efnkafkda h'

ud úiska kqU,d /flyq$

/flkakyq$

rlskq ,efnyq$,efnkakyq'

Tyq úiska wms /fluq$

/flkafkuq$rlskq ,efnuq

$rlskq ,efnkafkuq'

64 65

l¾u ldrl jdlHhl úfYaI ,laIK lsysmhls'

³ l¾u ldrl jdlHhl l¾uh Wla; jk ksid tu Wla; l¾uhg wkqj wdLHd;h

fhÈh hq;= h'

WodyrK(-

³ l¾;D wkqla; fõ' wkqla; l¾;D rEmhg mrj —úiska˜ ksmd;h

fhfoa'

WodyrK(-

³ Wla; jk l¾u mohg wod< wdLHd;h mqreIh yd jpkh wkqj .<md ;eìh

hq;= fõ'

³ Wla; jk l¾ufha ,sx. fNaoh m%ldY úh hq;= ;ekl § lDoka; wdLHd; Ndú; fõ

^fuh n,mdkafka m%:u mqreI taljpk Wla; l¾u mo i|yd mu‚&'

WodyrK(- úÿy,am;s;=ud úiska m%Odk YsIH kdhsldj ld¾hd,hg le|fjhs$

le|jkq ,efnkakS h'

³ Y=oaO wdLHd;hla fyda lDoka; ls%hdjla fyda l¾u ldrl jdlHhl wdLHd;h

jYfhka ;eìh yels h'

³ l¾u ldrl jdlHj, Y=oaO l¾u ldrl wdLHd; fjkqjg —,n˜ Od;=fjka idod.;a

ls%hd mo o ;eìh yels h'

³ il¾ul jdlH muKla l¾u ldrl jdlH rgdfjka ,súh yels h' wl¾ul

jdlH l¾u ldrl iajrEmfhka ,súh fkd yels h'

WodyrK(- f.dúhd l=Uqr fldghs' - il¾ul jdlH

<uhd fmd;a mdvï lrhs'

<uhd ksohs'

<uhd ìh fõ' - wl¾ul jdlH

l¾;D ldrl yd l¾u ldrl jdlH ,laIK ixikaokd;aul idrdxYhla my;

igyfkys oelafõ'

f.dúhka úiska .jfhda nef|;s'

Wla; l¾uh wdLHd;h

64 65

l¾;D ldrl jdlH l¾u ldrl jdlH

l¾;D Wla; fjhs'

l¾uh wkqla; fjhs'

Wla; l¾;Dg wkqj wdLHd;h msysghs'

l¾uh Wla; fjhs'

l¾;D wkqla; fjhs'

^wkqla; l¾;D yeÕùug ‘úiska’ ksmd;h fhfoa'&

Wla; l¾uhg wkqj wdLHd;h fhfoa'

l¾;D ldrl jdlHhla l¾u ldrl jdlHhla njg m;a lsÍfï § wkq.ukh l< hq;=

mshjr yd ta i|yd WodyrK my; oelafõ'

zf.dúfhda .jhka n¢;aZ hk l¾;D ldrl jdlHh l¾u ldrlhg yerùu'

¸' Wla; l¾;D wkqla; lrkak(- f.dúfhda - f.dúhka

¸¸' wkqla; l¾;Dg miqj zúiskaZ ksmd;h tl;= lrkak(- f.dúhka úiska

¸¸¸' wkqla; l¾uh Wla; lrkak(- .jhka - .jfhda

¸¹' Wla; jQ l¾uhg .e<fmk mßÈ yd § we;s jdlHfha ld,hg ^w;S;-wk;S;&

.e<fmk ls%hd mohla fhdokak(- nef|;s$n¢kq ,efn;s

fï wkqj l¾u ldrl jdlHh

‘f.dúhka úiska .jfhda nef|;s$n¢kq ,efn;s’ jYfhka fõ'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk jdlH" l¾u ldrlhg yrjd ,shkak'

¸' uu ksr;=rej u fmd; m; ñ, § .ksñ'

¸¸' úksiqre;=ud iellrejka ksoyia flf<a h'

¸¸¸' WfoHda.fhka lghq;= l< f.dùyq fï lkakfha ire wiajekakla ,enQy'

¸¹' udOù ógr ishh Odjk ;r.fhka m%:u ia:dkh Èkd .;a;S h'

¹' Tjqyq kslrefKa wm fjfyiQy'

2' my; oelafjk l¾u ldrl jdlH" l¾;D ldrlhg yrjd ,shkak'

¸' i;=rka úiska wms mSvdjg m;a lrkq ,enqfKuqq'

¸¸' lïlrejd úiska ;u fiajd lghq;= iajdñhdg myod fok ,È'

¸¸¸' wOHlaI;=ud úiska úµd,hSh kj f.dvke.s,a, újD; flfrhs'

¸¹' wm úiska kqU olskq ,enqfKys'

¹' <uhska úiska Ñ;% w¢kq ,efí'

66 67

3' my; oelafjk fþo ,sÅ; jHjydrhg kÕkak'

¸' jkdka;r ñksiqkag iïm;la' tajdhska wmg ,efnk m%fhdack w;suy;a' ta

nj y÷kd.;a ¥ro¾YS ñksiaiq" jk iïm; wdrlaId lr .kak lghq;= lrkjd'

w¥ro¾YS ñksiaiq jk iïm; úkdY lrkjd'

¸¸' uqo,a weu;s;=ud wh-jeh l;dj bÈßm;a l<d' miq.sh wjqreoafoa wd¾Ól ixj¾Ofka

isÿ fjÉÑ wdldrh n,mq t;=ud w¨;a wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok jev ms<sfj<la y÷kak,d

ÿkakd' uka;S%jreka w¨;a fhdackd bÈßm;a l<d' úreoaO mlaI uka;S%jreka o

i;=g m< l<d' ál fofkla Tyqf.a fhdackd úfõpkh l<d'

¸¸¸' iriúhg kjl isiqka meñfKa' fcHaIaG isiqka kjlhska wdorfhka ms<s.kshs'

iriú weÿrka foaYk lghq;= wdrïN lrhs' kjl isiqka i;=áka bf.k .kshs'

l¾;D ldrl fyda l¾u ldrl jdlH rgd ksjerÈj wkq.ukh fkd lr ,shjqKq

jdlH j¾;udk jHjydrfhys iq,n h' l¾;D ldrl jdlHhl l¾;D Wla; jk w;r

m%:ud úNla;s .kS' l%shdj$wdLHd;h fhÈh hq;af;a Wla; l¾;D wh;a jk mqreI

fNaoh" ixLHd fNaoh yd ,sx. fNaoh hk ,laIKj,g wkqrEm jk mßoafoks' l¾;D

ldrl jdlHhl Wla; l¾;D fuka u l¾u ldrl jdlHhl Wla; l¾uh o wkqla;

rEm .kajd ,shk ,o jHdlrK úfrdaë jdlH fndfyda úg oel .; yels fjhs' Bg

fya;= jkafka kdu moj, Wla; wkqla; rEm fNaoh ms<sn| ksrjoH wjfndaOh fkd

;sîu hs'

kdu moj, Wla; rEmh yd wkqla; rEm w;r w¾: jifhka fjkialï we;s nj tajd

jdlHhkays fhfok wdldrh wkqj meyeÈ,s lr .; yels h' fï w¾:uh fjkialï

we;eï úg rEmuh jifhka o oel .; yels h' tkï kdu moj, Wla; rEmh yd

wkqla; rEm jifhka rEm fNaohla m%lg jk wjia:d fjhs' —uu˜ hk Wla; rEmh

ie,l+ l, Bg wkqrEm wkqla; rEmh —ud˜ hkak hs' fiiq wkqla; úNla;s rEm jk

ug ûd¬wg& udf.a ûd¬f.a&" udf.ka ûd¬f.ka& hk rEm ie§ we;af;a ud hk

wkqla; rEmh uq,a fldg f.k nj meyeÈ,s h' ta wkqj W;a;u mqreI tal jpk

mofhys uu yd ud hkqfjka uQ,sl rEm folla we;s nj fmkajd Èh yels h'

tfy;a we;eï kdu moj, Wla; yd wkqla; jifhka rEm fNaohla ye¢k .; fkd

yels fjhs' ksoiqka jifhka n,a,d hk moh i,luq' tys Wla; rEmh fuka u

wkqla; rEmh o n,a,d hkak u h'

wdOqksl f,aLlhka fuka u m%lg hehs iïu; f,aLlhka o ish f,aLkj, § ls%hd

Wla; wkqla; rEm

66 67

ldrl mo iïnkaOh wjq,a lr .ekSug tla fya;=jla jkafka kdu moj, Wla;

wkqla; rEm fNaoh ksjerÈj jgyd fkd .ekSu nj fmfka' my; oelafjkafka

isxy,fha kdu moj, Wla; wkqla; rEm fNaoh meyeÈ,s flfrk igykls'

Wla; rEm wkqla; rEm

tal jpk nyq jpk tal jpk nyq jpk

W;a;u mqreI uu wms ud wm

uOHu mqreI Tn

kqU

[f;da] Thd

Tn

kqU

[f;ms]

Tn

kqU

[;d$;S]

Tn

[kqU$ f;dm]

m%:u mqreI

mqreI ,sx.

fya

Tyq

W!

Tjqyq [Tyq] Tyq

W!

Tjqka

thd,d

Wka

m%:u mqreI ia;S%

,sx.

´

wE

Tjqyq

thd,d

ta f.d,a,

wE

weh

Tjqka

thd,d

ta f.d,a,

m%:u mqreI

kmqxil ,sx.

th

tal

tajd th tajd

wkshud¾:

mqreI ,sx.

^-tla& <ufhla

ñksfila

^-tl=$-wl=&

<ufhl=

ñksfil=

<uhl= $ñksil=

wkshud¾: ia;S%

,sx.

^-wla&

.eyekshla

^-wl&

.eyekshl

wkshud¾:

kmqxil ,sx.

^-wla& .ila ^-wla&

.ila

• [ ] jryka ;=< oelafjkafka merKs jHjydrh hs'

• NdIKfhys muKla fhfok rEm we< wl=rska oelafõ'

68 69

jdlHhl wjidk l%shdfjka kdu mo folla Wla; jk wjia:d isxy, jdlH

úkHdifhys ,d yuq fjhs'

ùï w¾:j;a zjZ Od;=fjka iEÿKq wjidk l%shd mo iys; jdlHhla i,lkak'

‘Tjqyq lS%vlfhda fj;s’ ‘ud¾áka úl%uisxy úYsIag f,aLlfhla fjhs'’ ‘wfidal rc;=ud oeyeñ md,lfhla úh'’fï jdlH ;=fkys Wla; l¾;D ms<sfj<ska ‘Tjqyq’" ‘ud¾áka úl%uisxy’ yd ‘wfidal

rc;=ud’ hk mo hs'

ta iuÕ u ms<sfj<ska ‘l%Svlfhda’" ‘f,aLlfhla’ yd ‘md,lfhla’ hkqfjka ;j;a

kdu mo ;=kla Wla;d¾:fhka tu jdlH ;=fkys fh§ ;sfnkq oel .; yels h'

fï kdu mo ta jdlHhkays l¾uh fkd fõ' l¾uh kï wkqla; úh hq;= h'

tfia kï fï fojk Wla;hg jdlHfhys ysñ jk ia:dkh l=ula o@

‘Tjqyq fj;s’ hkq w¾: úrys; jdlHhls' ‘Tjqyq’ tkï fï jdlHfha l¾;D ‘jkafka’ l=ula o hkak thska m%ldY fkd jk neúks' fuh w¾: iys; jdlHhla ùug kï

wdLHd;h iïmQ¾K l< hq;= h' wjidk l%shdjg fmr fjk;a kdu mohla fh§fuka

wdLHd;h iïmQ¾K fõ' fufia wdLHd; mQrKh i|yd fhdok kdu moh Wla;h yd

;=,HdêlrK fjhs' tkï jpkfhka" ,sx.fhka yd úNla;sfhka Wla;h yd wkqrEm

úh hq;= h' túg tjeks jdlHhl Wla; folla we;s fõ'

fujeks jdlHhl m%Odk Wla;h jkafka;a wm%Odk Wla;h jkafka;a tl u

;eke;af;ls' ta fofok u jdlHfha ‘l¾;D’ fj;s' wjidk l%shdfjka lshfjkafka

ta fofokd u ms<sn|j jk neúka fujeks jdlHhl wdLHd;hg Wla; folla fjhs'

tfia fyhska fujeks jdlH ‘oaú;aj Wla; jdlH’ fyj;a ‘oaú;aj l¾;D jdlH’ kñka

o wdLHd;fha wvqj mqrjd iïmQ¾K lrk fyhska ‘wdLHd; mQrK’ kñka o ye|skafõ'

by; olajk ,o jdlH ;=fkys ‘l%Svlfhda’" ‘f,aLlfhla’ yd ‘md,lfhla’ hkqfjka

;j;a kdu mo ;=kla Wla;d¾:fhka fh§ we;af;a wjidk l%shdfjka m%ldY jk

w¾:h iïmQ¾K lsÍu i|yd nj fï wkqj meyeÈ,s jkq we;'

úfYaI jdlH Í;s

1' wdLHd;h iïmQ¾K lsÍu i|yd l¾;D mohg wu;rj ;j;a kdu mohla Wla; lsÍu

68 69

WodyrK(- wms kS;s.rel mqrjeisfhda fjuq'

´$wE ks<shla jQjd h$fjhs'

kqU,d wkd.; kdhlfhda fjyq'

fcda¾Ê lSÜ úo.aO Ñ;% Ys,amsfhla fjhs'

fujeks jdlHhkays fojk Wla;h wkqlA; rEmfhka ;eîu jHdlrK úfrdAë fjhs'

Tjqyq lS%vlhka fj;s' × ud¾áka úl%uisxy úYsIag f,aLlhl= fjhs' × wfidal rc;=ud oeyeñ md,lhl= úh' ×

wms kS;s.rel mqrjeishka fjuq' × ´$wE ks<shl jQjd h$fjhs' × kqU,d wkd.; kdhlhka fjyq' × fcda¾Ê lSÜ úo.aO Ñ;% Ys,amshl= fjhs' ×

³ we;eï úg ‘j’ Od;=fjka iEÿKq wdLHd;h fjkqjg jdlH wjidkh weÕùu

i|yd ‘h’ fyda ‘hss’ ksmd; fhdokq ,efí' túg o wdLHd; mQrKh fmr fia u

Wla;h yd iuj isà'

WodyrK(- wms kS;s.rel mqrjeisfhda h$hs'

Tyq f,aLlfhla h$f,aLlfhls'

kqU,d wkd.; kdhlfhda h$hs'

³ m%YakjdÖ ‘o’ ksmd;h fhda.fhys o fuu Í;sh u wkq.ukh flf¾'

WodyrK(- Tyq f,aLlfhla o@

kqU,d wkd.; kdhlfhda o@

wfYdal rc;=ud oeyeñ md,lfhla o@

³ by; jdlHj,g ‘¨’ ksmd;h fh§fuka weiQ nj oelafjk w¾:hla ^Y%e;s

iQpkd¾:& tla fjhs' tys § o by; Í;sh wkq.ukh flf¾'

WodyrK(- Tyq f,aLlfhla ¨'

kqU,d wkd.; kdhlfhda ¨'

wfYdal rc;=ud oeyeñ md,lfhla ¨'

³ we;eï úg by; jdlH wdLHd;hla rys;j o fhfoa'

WodyrK(- Tyq f,aLlfhla'

kqU,d wkd.; kdhlfhda'

wms YS% ,dxlsl mqrjeisfhda'

70 71

Wla;h jifhka fhfok m%dKjdÖ kdu mohlg miqj ixLHd¾:j;a fyda iuQyd¾:j;a

mohla fhfok l, ixLHdj yÕjk moh yd tla jk msßia jdÖ fok$fokd hk mo

nyq jpkh .kS'

wms ish,af,da u YS% ,dxlslfhda fjuq'

isiqyq ;sfofkla úYsIag iïudk ysñ lr .;ay'

lïlrefjda mia fofkla i;shlska md,u ;kd ksu l<y'

fidre fofofkla w;awvx.=jg m;a jQy'

f.dkakq fofofkla .e, weoafoda h'

iellrefjda ish¨ fokd ksoyia lrkq ,enQy'

fujeks jdlHhkays wdLHd;fhka lshfjk l¾;D mo fol ne.ska fjhs'

‘wms ish,af,da’ ‘isiqyq ;sfofkla’ ‘lïlrefjda mia fofkla’ ‘fidre fofofkla’ ‘f.dkakq fofofkla’ ‘iellrefjda ish¨ fokd’ hkqfjks'

fï l¾;D mo fol u jdlHfha Wla;h fia l%shd lrhs' m<uq moh Wla;h o fojekak

Wla; mQrK moh o jifhks' fï mo fol u Wla; rEmfhka ;eìh hq;= fjhs'

fï Í;sh Wla; mQrK fhda.h hkqfjka o ye|skafõ'

wehs@ flfia o@ ljod o@ fudkjd o@ jeks m%Yak jdÖ fhÿï yd nef|k kdu mo

wkqla; rEmfhka isà'

WodyrK(- ñksiqka wjxl fkdjkafka wehs@

olaI lS%äldjl jkafka flfia o@

wm iduh <`.d lr .kafka ljod o@

ix.ufha idudðlhka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka fudkjd o@

2' Wla;h iïmQ¾K lsÍu i|yd l¾;D mohg wu;rj ;j;a kdu mohla Wla; lsÍu'

3' m%Yak jdÖ fhÿulska wjika jk jdlHhl fhfok l¾;D jdpl kdu moh wkqla; iajrEmh .kS'

70 71

WodyrK(- .=rejreka l,a we;sj mdi,g meñfKkq we;'

isiqka mka;shg meñK ke;'

wm iu.soï /lsh hq;= h'

mhska hkakka mdf¾ ol=Kq miska hd hq;= h'

ish¨ ñksiqka i;H.rel úh hq;= h'

ud uyKoï msßh hq;= h'

mhska hkakka mdf¾ ol=Kq miska hEu uekú'

ish¨ ñksiqka i;H.rel ùu uekú'

wm fï .eg¨j ksrdlrKh lr .ekSu i|yd wêlrKh yuqjg hEu

uekú'

wm .s,kqkag Wjgeka lrkq jà'

Tjqka th jgyd .ekSu fhfyls'

WodyrK(- uu th lshjd we;af;ñ'

wms iu.soï /lsh hq;af;uq'

mhska hkafkda mdf¾ ol=Kq miska hd hq;a;dy'

ish¨ ñksiaiq i;H.rel úh hq;af;da h'

uu uyKoï msßh hq;af;ñ'

f;ms i;H.rel úh hq;a;yq'

f;fï" f;dfuda" ;=uQ m%dKjdÖ i¾j kdu Wla; rEm fõ'

‘f;fï’ hkak mqreI ,sx. tal jpk hs'

‘f;dfuda’ hkak ia;S% ,sx. taljpk hs'

f;fï" f;dfuda hk foflys nyq jpkh ‘;=uQ’ fõ' ‘f;fï’ hkak ‘f;u’ f,i o

Ndú; fõ'

fï mo Wla;h jifhka fhfok l, jdlH .e<mSu fufia isÿ fõ'

WodyrK (- ta f;u$f;fï .ug .sfha h'

´ f;dfuda .ug .shd h'

Tjqyq ;=uQ .ug .shy'

4' we;" ke;" yels" hq;=" uekú" fhfyls" jà hk mohlska wjika jk jdlHhkays l¾;D jdpl kdu moh wkqla; iajrEmh .kS'

5' we;" ke;" yels" hq;= hk rEm jrkeÕS jdlHhl fhfok l, Bg iïnkaO jk l¾;D Wla; iajrEmh .kS'

6' f;fï" f;dfuda" ;=uQq mo Ndú;h

72 PB

f;fï$f;dfuda hk mo" md,s yd ixialD; NdIdj,ska .kakd ,o wm%dKjdÖ w¾:

we;;a md,s yd ixialD; NdIdjkays ia;%S jdÖ fyda mqreI jdÖ fia ie,flk kdu yd

ixfhda.j Wla; jk wjia:d o oel .; yels fõ' tys § m%dKjdÖ w¾:hla m< l<;a

ls%hd moh tal jpkfhka u ;eîu iïu; Í;sh fõ'

WodyrK(- iQ¾h f;u$f;fï pKav rYañh m;=rejkakg úh'

iNd f;dfuda i;=áka úisr .shd h'

k§ f;dfuda fifuka .,d niskakS h'

fï mo iNdj" kÈh wE úiska isxy, Í;sh wkqj wm%dKjdÖ fia jrkÕd fh§fï § o

we;euqka fï mo ia;%S ,sx. fia i,ld ‘iNdj ;SrKh l<d h’" ‘kÈh .,d niakS h’ wdÈ jYfhka wdLHd;h ia;%S jdÖ f,i ;nkq olakg ,efí' tys § wm%dKjdÖ mohla

Wla;h jYfhka fhfok l, wkq.ukh lrk isxy, Í;sh wkqj jdlH ks¾udKh

uekú'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka jdlH ifodia kï Bg fya;= olajd ksfodia lr ,shkak'

¸' foi ni /l .ekSug wms ksn|j ;e;a l< hq;= h'

¸¸' ish¨ foaYmd,k{fhda wd;aud¾:ldó mqoa.,hka fkd fõ'

¸¸¸' orefjda foudmshkag lSlre ùu uekú'

¸¹' .=rejre óg mlaIj oelajQ woyia ljf¾ o@

¹' ´ f;dfuda wdorfhka ujqmshka /l n,d .;af;a h'

¹¸' Tjqka ksoyi m;d igka l< hq;af;da h'

2' ksjerÈ jdlHhla ùu i|yd iqÿiq moh jryka ;=<ska f;dard ,shkak'

¸' ish¨ ch.%dylfhda merl=ï úµd,fha ^YsIHhka$YsIHfhda& jQy'

¸¸' ksjerÈ úhrK Í;s ^wms$wm& wkq.ukh l< hq;= h'

¸¸¸' fkd miqng W;aidyfhka lghq;= l< ´ f;dfuda fujr úNd.fhka iu;a

^jQjd h$úh&'

¸¹' ish¨ ^ßheÿrka$ßheÿfrda& ud¾. kS;s wkq.ukh l< hq;af;da h'

¹' fmdÿ m%Yak úi£u i|yd ^k.rjdiSyq$k.rjdiSka& bÈßm;a ùu uekú'

PB 73

mqj;am;l m< jk úúO ,sms w;ßka úfYaIdx. ,smsj,g jeo.;a ;ekla ysñ

fjhs' tÈfkod isÿùï iïnkaO jd¾;d o fjk;a jd¾;d o ksfõok iy

oekaùï o l;=jelsh" ldgQka Ñ;% yd iïuqL idlÉPd o úfYaI Ydia;%Sh ,sms o

yereKq úg fmdÿ mdGlhdf.a Wkkaÿj o,ajk w.hlska hq;= mqj;am;a ,sms"

úfYaIdx. ,sms .Kfhys ,d ie,flhs' úfYaIdx. ,smshla ks¾udKd;aul

.=Kfhka o hqla; ùu wfmalaId flf¾' fï mdvu tjeks úfYaIdx. ,smshla

ks¾udKh lsÍfï l=i,;dj j¾Okh lsÍfï wruq‚ka iïmdokh jQjls'

úfYaIdx. ,smshla m%jD;a;shla fyda jd¾;djla fuka u iudc jeo.;alulska hqla;

fjk;a uQ,dY%hhla o mokï fldg .ksñka iïmdokh l< yels h' tys m%Odk

,laIKh úh hq;af;a mdGlhd lshùug m%sh lrk ud;Dldjla fkd j mdGlhdg

jeo.;a jk ud;Dldjla w<,d iïmdokh úh hq;= ùu hs'

uyck iqnisoaêh i|yd jk udOH wdpdrO¾u wdrlaId lrñka uQ,dY%hhg wod< ieu

me;slvla u wdjrKh jk mßÈ isÿ flfrk ks¾udKd;aul ú.%yhlska hqla; ùu

fuka u wka;¾.;h iunr ùu o tys ,d w;HjYH fõ' ta ish,a, iuÕska jeo.;a

jkafka rpkfha ks¾udKd;aul .=Kh hs' tkï bÈßm;a lrk lreKq wmQ¾j;ajhlska

hq;=j f.k yer mEfï l=i,;dj hs'

úfYaIdx. ,smshla tys wka;¾.; lreKq iïnkaO ieu md¾Yajhla u wdjrKh

lrñka iïmdokh lrk ,oaola úh hq;= h' f;dr;=re" lreKq yd o;a; wdÈh mokï

lr .ksñka mdGlhdg kj oekqu ,nd fok wdldrfhka iïmdokh úh hq;= h' ta

i|yd rplhd wod< lreK .fõIKfhys ksr; úh hq;= h'

úfYaIdx. ,smshla rplhdf.a fm!oa.,sl woyia yd u;jdo m%ldY fkd flfrkakla

fuka u f,aLlhd ish is;eÕs wkqj iïmdokh lrk rpkhla úh hq;= h'

m%ia;=;h iïnkaO iudc ixjdohlg ;=`vq fokakla ùu fuka u mdGlhdf.a oekqu

wjÈ lsÍula o tuÕska isÿ úh hq;= h' úfYaIdx. ,smshla hkq rij;a l;dka;rhla

fkd fõ' uq,a m%jD;a;sh okakd mdGlhdg ta iïnkaO m%ldY" ixLHd" o;a; wdÈh

ud¾.fhka yd úúO fldaK Tiafia .eUqre wjfndaOhla tuÕska ,nd .; yels ùu

wfmalaId flf¾'

my; § we;s m%jD;a;s jd¾;dj lshjkak'

10 mqj;am;a úfYaIdx. ,sms

7474 75

my;ska m< jkafka tu m%jD;a;sh mokï fldg .;a ks¾udKd;aul újrKhls(

nrjdl=Uqfla ishfodaßia jHdmdrh

.sks ldIagl wõjæ

oEig uyd .skshula oeksK'

.sks ln,la u; fomd r|jd isák wdldrhla Tyqg oeksK' Tyq .uk blauka

lf<a h' Tyqf.a lrg ke`. ie;mqï .Kka .uka lrk Woe,a, Tyqg wo nrls'

flKavd o ßfoa' l=,S jevla fidhd f.k hk fï .uk Èkm;d l< fkdyels

h' Tyqf.a is;g flaka;shla o fYdalhla o ke.sK' yeä oeä isrerla ;snqK o"

iú Yla;sh fkd wvq jqj o ;du;a Tyq ÿmam;alug mrdo h'

Tyqf.a ku ishfodaßia h' Wmka .u ylauk" fõm;br h' .fï bvïj,ska

y;frka ;=kla u Wreu jQfha .fï mkai,g iy ;j;a mjq,a follg h' b;sß

y;frka mx.=fõ y;a wg iShla mjq,a Ôj;a jQy' ishfodaßiaf.a mshdg wh;a jQfha

wlalr ld,lg;a jvd wvq bvï lene,a,ls' mjqf,a wg fofkls' Tjqka w;r

fn§ hEug ;rï ta bvu f,dl= fkd ù h'

ishfodaßia ud;r mej;s bvï lÉfÉßhlg .sfha ta ksid h' Tyqg pkaøsld jej

fhdackd l%uh hgf;a nrjdl=Uql wfífialr .fuka wlalr ;=kl l=Uqre o"

wlalr foll f.dv bvï o ,eìK'

ishfodaßia bvï ,enqKq mqj; .ug lSfõ byjyd .sh i;=áks'

—wlalr ldf,ka ld,la j;a ke;s ñksfyl=g wlalr myla'æ˜ fuh bjiqï

fkd fok i;=gls' Tyqf.a lsis u kEoEhl=g fï ;rï úYd, bvula ke;'

bxðfkarejkag wmyiq jevla f.dúhl=f.ka bgqq fõ

uyje,s wêldßh úiska c,h iemhsh fkdyels he hs w;ayer oud ;snqKq wlalr 100l

muK ìula tla;rd f.dú uy;l=f.a jEhu ksid idrj;a l=Uqre hdhla njg m;a ù we;s

ieá nrjdl=Uqfla wfífialr .fuka jd¾;d fõ'

fï bvu f.dú ck;dj w;r fnod § wjqreÿ 20la muK .; jqj o" we< msysáfha

bvïj,g my<ska ksid j;=r ,nd .ekSug wmyiq úh' ta bvïj,g c,h iemhSu l<

fkdyels fohla nj jdßud¾. bxðfkarefjda mejiQy' fï ksid l=Uqre i|yd rch ,nd ÿka

bvï fyaka hdhla njg m;a úh'

fï w;r ví,shq' ishfodaßia kue;s 50 yeúßÈ f.dú uyf;la ;udf.a jqjukdfjka ;ksj

u l=vd jejlska we<la lmd fï bvïj,g j;=r iemhQfõ h' fyaka hdh idrj;a l=Uqre

hdhla njg m;a úh'

miq.sh lkakfha yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha jd¾;d.; ù wiajekakla fï l=Uqre hdfhka

,eî ;sfí'

74 75

yÜá uqÜá" meÿre fldÜg wdÈ ,Üg f,dÜg f,dßhl mgjd f.k Tyq

wfífialr .u mÈxÑhg wdfõ h'

w¨;a bvïj, jQfha lgq wl=,a h' ,÷ le,E h' ta bvïj, weúÈk úg

Tyqf.a mhg .skshula oekqfKa ke;' uy fmdf<dj uy;a i;=áka m;=,a

isôkjd fuka oeksK'

—r;a;rka fmdf<dj'æ˜

Tyq mia álla w;g f.k ish ìßhg fmkajñka lS h'

tfy;a miqj Tyq ta fmdf<dj ye¢kajQfha zhlv fmdf<djZ lshd h' lmd

we;s we<j,a ta fmdf<djg j;=r fkd §u Bg fya;=j úh'

ishfodaßia iu`. w¨;a bvïj,g wd mjq,a ;sia myg u j;=r ,efnk u`.la

fkd ù h' fï ksid Tjqkag ish bvïj, j.d lsÍu wmyiq úh'

ishfodaßia we;=¿ msßi j;=r b,a,d rcfha ld¾hd,j,g hejQ fm;aiïj,ska

m,la fkd úK' we< .sfha bvïj,g my<sks'

—lrkak fohla keye' uq,ska u fjÉp je/oaola fïl"˜ ks,OdÍyq lSy'

ishfodaßia iu`. wfkla f.dùyq jeis ld,hg ish bvïj, uqx weg jmq<y¦

rg lcq isgjQy' tmu‚'

j;=r ,efnk bvïj, l=,Sldrhka njg ishfodaßia,d m;a jQy'

—wms b;ska .fï .; lrmq Ôúf;a ;uhs ;du;a f.jkafk"˜ ìßh Tyqg

ks;r lSjd h' wef.a lkmskaou Tyqg jOhla úh'

—wms fïj w;yer, fldfya yß huq"˜ wE fhdackd l<d h' u| fõ,djla

ksy`v j isàfuka miq"

—fïjd r;a;rka bvï"˜ hs ishfodaßia lSfõ h'

—r;a;rka yex.s,d' .,a fndr¨ u;= fj,d''' wmg ´jdhska jevla keye"˜

wE ms<s;=re ÿkakd h'

—bvïj,g j;=r wdfjd;a yex.sÉp r;a;rka u;= fõú"˜ ishfodaßia lS h'

Tyqf.a mq;a;= ;sfokd iy ÿj .sfha wfífialr .u mdi,g h' wïud;a"

;d;a;d;a l=,S jevg .sh Èkj, ÿjg f.or k;r ùug isÿ fõ' mq;=ka

bf.kSug olaI jqj o Tjqkaf.a mdi,a .uk läka lv leäK'

j;=r b,a,d rcfha f,dl= ;ekaj,g ,shQ fm;aiï ;emE,g oeóug .sh

úhoïj, jákdlu ishfodaßia udihla u l=,S jev fldg ,nd .;a uqo,g

iudk úh'

—ux ;j;a kï fm;aiï ,shkafka keye"˜ hs Tyq lS h'

ta mqr mif<diajl fmdah ojils'

ishfodaßia wfífialr.u mdi, wi,ska jegqKq mdr Èf.a f.dia frdg

jefõ bjqrg ke`.=fKa h'

Tyqg Tyqf.a bvu msysá biõj t;ekg fmksK' Tyq ta foi n,ñka

iqiqula fy¿fõ h' ta iu. u Tyqg fmkqfKa frdg jefõ msgjdk h'

7676 77

yeuod u frdg jefõ msgjdfkka úYd, j;=r m%udKhla msg;g .,d f.dia

uy we<g jefÜ'

frdg jej hgf;a we;s l=Uqrej, f.dùkag folkak mqrd u n;a lkakg

,efí'

zf,dl= j;=r l|la msg ù hkj' ta;a wfma bvïj,g j;=r ìxÿjla keye"Z hs

is;+ Tyq bjqr Èf.a my<g nei ish bvï lÜá we;s Èidjg h<s oEi heù h'

zfmdah ksid wo l=,S jev;a keye'Z

Tyq Woe,a, w;g .;af;a h' Woe,a, Tyqf.a wf;a u h' th YÍrfha u

fldgila fuks'

isf;a flgQ úÿ,shla fuka Tyqg laI‚l woyila my< úh' Tyq jej

foi;a" ish bvu foi;a ne,S h'

zye;emau ndf.lg jeäh ÿr keye'Z

Woe,af,ka fmdf<dfõ zu`.Z ,l=Kq lrñka Tyq ish bvu foig .uka

lf<a h¦ ;ek ;ek lemqfõ h¦ ,l=Kq lf<a h' bvïj,g <x jk úg meh

folla muK f.ú‚' Tyq wdmiq jej foi ne,S h'

—ug jrÈkak neye' ug ´k úÈhg ;uhs fmdf<dj msysg, ;sfhkafk'

wdmq mdr fyd|hs"˜ Tyq ish ìßhg lSfõ h'

—fudlla@ T¿j krla fõf.k tkj jf.a'˜ wehg lsheú‚'

—T¿j krla fõú ;j álla l,la fufyu ysáfhd;a'˜

—Th úêhg j;=r .kak mq¿jka kï fuÉpr l,a fuydg wdmq bxðfkare

uy;ajrekag wehs ´l fmkqfK ke;af;@˜ ishfodaßia iskd iqfKa h'

—wfma bvï uy we<g Wäka ksid f,dlaflda ´l w; wer, oeïu' j;=r

,efnk u`.la yod fokak Wkakefya,g ´k keye' ´klu ;sfhkafk

wmg' wms tal lrkak ´k'˜

—b;sx oeka fudlla o lrkak hkafk@˜

—we<la lmkjd'˜

—;kshu@˜

—keye' fufya bkak ldg;a l;d lrkjd'˜

—taú o@˜

—taú'˜

tod rd;S%s i|mdfka Tyq ish wi,ajeishka iu`. fï .ek l;d lf<a h'

—m,hka ishfodaßia msiaiq l;d fkd lr' WU u fka fm;aiï .y, j;=r

.kak yeÿfj' oeka WU we<la lmkak hkj"˜ Tjqyq lSy'

—fm;aiï .y, neß ;ek ;uhs uu fufyu fohla .ek ys;=fj' ux we<

mdr ,l=Kq l<d' WU,;a ug tl;= fjh,a,'˜

76 77

—´lg .; lrkak wmg fj,djla keye' fyg wmg jeáh hdfh jev

;sfhkj'˜

—l=,S jevj,skaa ksoyia fj,d wfma u l=Uqrl jev lrkakhs ug ´k'˜

—j;=r ,enqKq ldf,l wms;a tfyu lrkjd'˜

ishfodaßia miq od WoEik Woe,a, f.k wr ,l=Kq l< ud¾.fha fldgila

.eUqrg lemqfõ h' ijia jk úg Tyq hdr ;=kaiShla muK ÿrg w`.,a yhla

muK .eUqrg we< lemqfõ h'

l=,S jev fldg iji f.or tk ñksiqkag ;kshu we< lmk ishfodaßia

fmksK'

—f.dka n¢k lKqjlaæ˜ hs lshñka Tjqyq iskd iqKy'

ishfodaßiaf.a ìßh i¾m úI ffjoH wfífialr uy;df.a ksfjfia jev

lsÍug .shd h' wehg yd,a iy ;=kmy álla ta ksfjiska ,eìK'

miq od o ishfodaßia we< lemSug .sfha h' ìßhg fjo ksjfia jev ;=nqKq

fyhska ta i;sfha u Tyqqg we< lemSug yels úh'

i;shlg miq we< ne,Sug wd wi,ajeisfhla"

—Th we< Èf.a j;=r taú h@˜ weiS h'

ishfodaßia ms<s;=re ÿkafka ke;'

—wfma bvïj,g kï Th j;=r f.kshkak neye' wr yßfhka Wihs"˜ ;j;a

wi,ajeisfhla lS h'

ishfodaßia we< u`. ,l=Kq flf<a Wia ;eka u`.yßñks' fojk i;sfha ta

bvïj,g wr l=vd we< iïnkaO úh' frdg jej ish bvïj,g iïnkaO ù

we;s ieá tod iji l=,S jevg f.dia meñ‚ wi,ajeishkg fmkssK'

—fyg Wfoa jej <`. b;sß ál;a lmkjd' t;fldg we<g j;=r tkjd'

WU,d tal n,kak jfr,a,d'˜

ishfodaßia lSfõ wdvïnrfhks'

Tyq f.a isrer wvlska muK flÜgq ù we;s ieá Tjqkag fmksK'

miq od WoEik Tjqyq jej <`.g meñ‚hy' we<;a" jej;a w;r mi bj;a

lsÍu;a iu`. we<g jeõ j;=r wdfõ h' u`. k;r fjñka" fyñka fyñka

ta bvïj,g j;=r .e¨fõ h'

ñksiaiq m%S;sfhka lE.eiQy'

—ishfodaßia whshd Èkqjdæ˜ tla l=,Sldrfhla lS h'

—keye' wms Tlafldu Èkqjd"˜ ishfodaßia whshd lS h'

ñksiaiq lE.eiQy'

tod mjq,a ;sia mfya u wh Wo¨ f.k we< .eUqrg m<,g lemSu we/UQy'

;j;a foi;shlg miq bvï j.d lsÍug iEfyk ;rug j;=r m%udKhla

,nd .; yels úh'

7878 79

fï wdrxÑh weiQ ckmo ks,Odß .dñŒ Ô' mqxÑfyajd uy;d wfífialr

.ug meñ‚fha h'

rcfha bvïj, wkjirfhka we<la lemSu ksid ishfodaßiag ysr f.org

hkakg isÿ jkq we;shs iuyre lSy'

tfy;a mqxÑfyajd uy;d ishfodaßiaf.a w; isU Tyqg ish m%Yxidj m<

lf<a h'

—rka mjqï fokak ják jevla fïlæ˜ Tyq lSfõ h'

B<`. lkafka uq¿ m<df;ka u jeä wiajekakla ,enqfKa ta bvïj,sks'

fuh zishfodaßia jHdmdrhZ kñka m%lg úh' wo mjq,a ye;a;Ejlg jeä

m%udKhla fï we< ksid Ôj;a fj;s'

ishfodaßia oeka uy¨ h' Tyqg Woe,a, we,a,sh fkdyels h' tfy;a Tyqg

w. ys`.hla ke;' Tyqf.a l=Uqfrka ,efnk wiajekakg wu;r .fï f.dú

;reKfhda o Tyqg ù iy,a imh;s'

—f,dalfha Tng we;s ñysß u y`v l=ula oe@˜hs weiQ úg Tyq fufia ms<s;=re

fohs(

—wr wef<a j;=r nisk y`v'˜

mqj;am;a úfYaIdx. rpkh" fok.u isßj¾Ok

mqj;am;aj, úúOdldr jQ úfYaIdx. ,sms olakg ,efí'

WodyrK(- zwm%sldkq isxyhd f,dfjka iuq.kSZ

fk,aika uekafv,df.a <ud ld,h" ;u cd;Skaf.a ksoyi m;d igka lsÍu" isr.;j

f.jQ Ôú;h" ysfrka ksoyiaj meñK ol=Kq wm%sldj ksoyia foaYhla lsÍu" Tyqf.a

pß;fhka .; yels wdo¾Y wdÈ f;dr;=re tys wka;¾.; fõ'

WodyrK(- zfk;a is;a weo ne| .kakd fmardfo‚h rdclSh WoHdkhZ

fmardfo‚h WoaNso WoHdkfha wdrïNh" msysàu" tys we;s Ydl j¾." tys jákdlu

yd tys iqkaor;ajh'

WodyrK(- z<ud f,dfõ iodld,sl ñ;=rd - wU hy¿fjdaZ

à'î' b,x.r;ak uy;df.a zwU hy¿fjdaZ <ud kjl;dj yd tys wka;¾.;fhka <ud

f,djg fok m‚úvh'

mqoa., pß; jgd f.;=Kq úfYaIdx. ,sms

pdßld weiqfrka ,shefjk úfYaIdx. ,sms

hï ks¾udK weiqfrka ,shejqKq úfYaIdx. ,sms

78 79

WodyrK(- zfvx.= uÿre ì;a;r md,khg biaf.ähkaf.a odhl;ajhZ

fvx.= uÿre jix.;h ÿre lsÍfï wiSre;dj yd ta i|yd uÿre ì;a;r md,khg

biaf.ähka fhdod .ekSfuka l< wOHhkhla weiqfrka ,shejqKq úfYaIdx. ,smshla'

WodyrK (- zyeu w;aoelSula u ks¾udK rplhl=g jeo.;aZ

ks¾udKd;aul lD;shla ms<sn|j úpdrd;aulj ,shefjk úfYaIdx.'

WodyrK(- zl=yqUq f,dfõ ri f;dr;=reZ

l=yqUqjka" Tjqkaf.a p¾hdjka yd Ôjk rgdj wdÈ f;dr;=re wka;¾.; jk

úfYaIdx.hla'

fujeks úúO úfYaIdx. ,sms fldf;l=;a mqj;am;aj, olakg ,efí'

úfYAIdx. ,sms rpkfha § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreKq'

² úfYaIdx. ,smshla ,sùfï § yeug th tl fia f;areï .ekSug yels jk mßÈ

NdIdj b;d ir,j fhdod .; hq;= h'

² ´kE u lgql mqj;la rij;a f,i bÈßm;a úh hq;= h'

² wdrïNh wdl¾IKYS,S úh hq;=jdla fuka u uq¿ wre; leá lr olajk

wjidkhla o ;sìh hq;= h'

² f,aLkh jvd;a yDohx.u j bÈßm;a l< hq;= w;r isoaêfha yeu me;a;la u

újrKh ù ;sìh hq;= h'

² wkjYH je,a jgdrï we;=<;a fkd lr ixlaIsma; j wod< lreKq muKla

f;dard f.k mdGlhd .%yKh jk f,i;a l=;+y,h okjk f,i;a ,súh hq;= h'

² m%ia;dr" wfOda ,sms" ixLHd f,aLk wdÈh Bg we;=<;a fkd l< hq;= w;r fm!oa.,sl

pß;hlg fyda wd.ulg fyda cd;shlg fyda wmydihla isÿ fkd jk f,i ,súh

hq;= h' iodpdrd;aul nj iq/lsh hq;= h'

² yeu úg u i;H lreKq muKla u Bg we;=<;a úh hq;= h'

² wêlrKfha kvq úNd.hla meje;afjk lreKla ms<sn|j ,sùfï § Bg hï

n,mEula isÿ fkd jk f,i ,súh hq;= h'

² YS¾I mdGh is;a .kakdiq¨ f,i fhdod .; hq;= h'

úoHd;aul f;dr;=re weiqßka ,shefjk úfYaIdx. ,sms

úpdr úfYaIdx. ,sms

orejkaf.a l=;+y,h okjk úfYaIdx. ,sms

8080 PB

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; § we;s m%jD;a;s weiqßka úfYaIdx. ,sms ilikak'

¸'

¸¸'

2. jvd;a Tn is;a .;a isÿùula weiqre lrf.k úfYaIdx. ,smshla ilikak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' ñysr" úch" úÿir jeks <ud mqj;am;a yd i;s wka; mqj;am;aj,ska úúO úfYaIdx.

,sms tl;= lrkak' f.dkqjla ilikak' fuh mka;sfha ls%hdldrlula f,i

ls%hd;aul lrkak'

f;,a ldkaÿfjka ihqrg ydks

miq.shod mdkÿr wjg uqyqfoa kex.=rï ,d ;snQ fk!ldjla uqyqÿn;a ùu;a iu.

tys ;snQ f;,a úYd, m%udKhla wjg id.rhg uqiq úh' yeu jirlg u fuf,i

f;,a .e¨ï ñ,shk 706la muK id.rhg tl;= fõ'

idudkH fm< Wiia f,i iu;a jkakg

oE;a wysñ YsIHdjla iu;a fjhs'

oE;a wysñ jqj o" ol=Kq mdofhka w'fmd'i' idudkH fm< úNd.hg

ms<s;=re ,shd úYsIag iïudk 6la iys;j iu;a jkakg úÿch

úoHd,fha chks nKavdr YsIHdj iu;a jQjd h'

Wm;ska u oE;a wysñ weh ;u ish¨ lghq;= ;ud úiska u lr

.ekSug mqxÑ wjêfha isg u mqreÿj isáhd h' weh wOHdmk

lghq;= fuka u úIh ndysr lghq;= o uekúka bgq l< nj weh

W.;a mdif,a úÿy,am;s;=ud mjihs'

PB 81

isß;a úß;a weoys,s úYajdi hkq" rgl ixialD;sh ms<sìUq flfrk tla

me;slvls' ñksiqkaf.a Ôjfkdamdh ud¾. uq,a lr .ksñka o úúO isß;a úß;a"

weoys,s wdÈh ks¾udKh ù we;' tajd wOHhkh lsÍfuka tlS ixialD;sh

ms<sn|j oek .ekSug;a iyÔjkh iy cd;sldNsudkh f.dvk.d .ekSug;a

yels fjhs'

ù f.dú;ek

foaYhl iNH;ajh flfrys n,mdk idOl w;ßka tlla kï w¾: l%uh hs' YS%

,xldfõ iNH;ajh f.dv keÕ=fKa lDIsl¾udka;h m%Odk jYfhka ù f.dú;ek

uq,a fldg .ksñks' ,xldfõ lDIsl¾udka;h §¾> b;sydihlg ysñlï lshkakls'

ukqIHhdg fhda.H Ôjk l%uhla .ek" i|yka jk fn!oaO b.ekaùïj, ziïud

lïuka;Z hkqfjka oelafjkqfha ukqIHhdg fuka u i;a;aj m%cdjg;a ydkslr

fkdjq j o Ñria:dhS fuka u Od¾ñl o jQ jD;a;s ms<sn|j h' f.dú;ek o fn!oaO

b.ekaùu wkqj iïud lïuka;hla fyj;a hym;a Ôjfkdamdhls' ù f.dú;ek

Èjhsfka m%Odk lDIsld¾ñl j.dj úh' lafIa;%fha j.dj werô Èk isg wiajkq fk<d

.kakd f;la wkq.ukh flfrk iEu mshjrla u buy;a j.lSulska iy Nla;shlska

hq;=j bgq lsÍu isxy, f.dú;efka ie,lsh hq;= wx.hls' ù f.dú;ek yd ne÷Kq mqo

mQcd iy isß;a úß;a rdYshls'

f.dú;ek iu. w;Hka;fhka u ne÷Kq wfkla uyd¾> ks¾udKh kï jej hs' fï

Èjhsfka iajdëk iNH;ajhl uq,a ìcqjg issgqjk ,oafoa Èjhsfka ckdjdi lsÍug uq,a

jQ fia ie,flk úch rcq úiska fkd j m<uq jej lrjQ mKavqldNh rcq úiska h

hkqfjka ud¾áka úl%uisxy mjid we;' Èjhsfka YsIagdpdrfha wkkH;d ,laIK

jkafka jdms ixialD;shlska msgqn, ,enqKla ùu hs' jejlska f.dú;ek i|yd m<uq

jrg c,h ksl=;a lsÍu zÈhjr ux.,HhZ f,i ye¢kaú‚' Èhjr ux.,Hh hkq jElkao

u; lsß W;=rjd jeõ c,hg je| iqn kel;ska f.dúìï fj; c,h ksl=;a lsÍu hs'

f.dú ìu isxy,fhys zfl;Z hkqfjka nyq, j ye¢kafjhs' zl=UqrZ" zfj,Z" z,shoaoZ"

zWnrZ" zfldUrZ" zbiairZ" zj.d biairZ" zj.d mx.=jZ hkqfjka o úúO m<d;aj, §

fl; y÷kajkq ,efí'

lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= m%Odk jYfhka u mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.aa iyNd.s;ajfhka isÿ

flß‚' m%Odk mjq,a i;= jQ odi kñka y÷kajk ,o .Dy fiajl fiaúldfjda o ta

11 merKs Ôjfkdamdh l%u yd

ne÷Kq isß;a úß;aaa

82 83

i|yd fhdod .kakd ,oy' wdrdu i;= fl;aj, lghq;= i|yd zfjfy¾ oiqkaZ hkqfjka

y÷kajk ,o úydr ika;l odihka fhdojk ,o nj fmfka' we;eï úg idudkH

mjq,l f.dú;eka lghq;= i|yd jqj l=,S Y%ñlhka o fhdojd .;a njg idOl

yuq fjhs' uE;la jk ;=reu .%dóh m%foaYhkays lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= Y%u yqjudrej

u.ska" tkï( zw;a;ï l%uhZ u.ska lghq;= imqrd .ekSu isÿ úh' th isxy,hdf.a

wfkHdakH iyfhda.s;dj fmkakqï lrkakls' ù f.dú;eka ixialD;sh u f.dv ke.S

we;af;a" mrd¾:ldñ;ajh mokï lr .ksñks' fï nj fmkakqï lrk ;j;a Y%u

yqjudre wjia:djla f,i zlhshZ hkqfjka ye¢kafjk wjia:dj ie,lsh yels h'

fuh zf.dhï fk<SuZ fyj;a f.dhï lmk wjia:dfõ § isÿ fõ' fï i|yd msßig

wdrdOkd lrkafka nq,;a w;la /f.k yjia hdufha .fï f.j,aj,g f.dvfjk

f.dúhd úiska zfyg uf.a l=Uqfr f.dhï lefmkjdZ hkqfjka mjid nq,;a w;

msßkeófuks' nq,;a fld< .;a wh lhshg iyNd.s fj;s' meñfKk msßig wdydr"

tkï zweUq,Z ms<sfh, lsÍu f.ú,sh i;= ld¾hhla úh' zlhsn;" uq;af;Ügqj" jEouZ

hkqfjka o lhsh od msßkuk wdydrh y÷kajkq ,efnhs'

zlu;Z ke; fyd;a zl,úgZ .eñhka

wiSñ; Nla;shlska ie,l+ ia:dkhls' Tjqka

luf;a § Ndú; lf<a tÈfkod Ndú; lrk

nia jyr fkd fõ' tys § WmlrK iy

i;=ka fj; mjd f.!rjiïmkak njla

wdfrdamKh lr we;s nj oelsh yels h'

Woe,a, zWo¨ f.dhshdZ f,i ye¢kafjk

w;r ó yrlaa zwïnrejkaZ f,i ye¢kafj;s'

lmd oeuQ l=vd f.dhï leá zWmamsäZ h'

f.dhï leá tl;= jQ úg zf.dhï ñáhZls'

zudma msvlsZ f.dhï" ñá f.dv .eiQ úg

zf.dhï fld<hlaZ f,i ye¢kafjhs'

m<sfndaOlhkaf.ka j.dj wdrlaId lr

.ekSu i|yd mßir ys;ldó yd i;=kag

úkdYh f.k fkd fok Wml%u yd

ms<sfj;a wkq.ukh lrk ,È' zfidlv

ne£uZ fï tla l%uhls' .,a msrjQ áka

wdÈh thg fhdod .efka' ud;r iy

yïnkaf;dg jeks fmfoiaj, zglrx

ne£uZ f,i o È.du`vq,af,a § zw;=je,Z

f,i o th ye|skafõ' ;eka ;ekaj,

zfiarx.djZ iú lsÍu o i;=ka m<jd yßk

;j;a tla l%uhls' zfiarx.djZ hkq yq<x

fm;s h' iuyre WKmqrela m%fhdackhg

f.k jlalv wi, zÈh fyd,aukZ

f.dhï fk<Su

lu;

82 83

wegùu lr;s' l=re,a,kaf.ka uq¿ fl;g

u jk ydksh j<lajd .ekSug" Wka i|yd

fjk u ,shoaola fjka flß‚' zl=re¨

md¿jZ f,i ye¢kafjkafka th hs' l=Uqrg

ydks lrk w,shd jeks i;=ka t<ùu i|yd

f.dúfhda rd;%sfha mef,a isg lú .dhkd

l<y' bka i;a;aj >d;kfhka ñfokakg o

Tjqkag yels úh' wjg mßirfha we;s uvq"

lemafmáhd jeks Ydl w;= l=Uqf¾ isgqjd

tu.ska lDñ Wjÿr md,kh lr .kakd ,È'

fuys § m%lg jk m%Odk u lreK kï"

f.dú;ek Od¾ñl f,i lr f.k hEug

Tjqka jvd;a W;aiql jQ nj h'

ish¨ u lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= iqn Èk iy kel;a ie,ls,a,g .ksñka n%yiam;skaod"

fikiqrdod" i÷od hk Èk iqn ojia f,i;a w`.yrejdod" isl=rdod" bßod wiqn

ojia f,i;a i,lk ,È' wiqn hehs ie,l=Kq Èkj, fuka u tfia i,lk ,o

fydardjkays §;a f.dú;eka lghq;=j,ska fjka ù isàug f.dúhd j. n,d .;af;a h'

iqn fõ,dj fyj;a zkel;Z .ek ck lúhl fufia lshefjhs'

kel;a n,d jmqrk Èk kshu h

iem;a fyd|d iqn m, f.k §u h

msg;a l<d wgqjg ù .ekqu h

f.k;a fk<d uek ù Èh oeuqu h

lDIsld¾ñl fkd jk Ôjk jD;a;Skays ksr; jQ ck fldgia o iudchl fjfi;s'

ksoiqkla jYfhka hlv yd j<x l¾udka;j, ksr; Ys,amS fldgia oelaúh yels h'

fudjqkag lDIsld¾ñl N+ñ fkd;snqKq w;r Tjqka ksr; jD;a;sfha ld¾h nyq,;ajh

fya;=fjka f.dú;ek i|yd .; lsÍug ld,hla o fkd ù h' fï ck fldgiaj,

ksIamdok ,nd .kakd f.dúhd ta fjkqfjka uqo,a fjkqjg lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdok

fldgia ta ta Ys,amshdg ,nd ÿkafka h'

úydria:dkhg wh;a l=Uqr mska ;ld fkd ñ,fha jev lr §u .%dóh m%dfoaYj, mej;s

isß;ls' tfuka u .ug fiajh ,nd fok fjo uy;d" .=re;=ud jeks whf.a l=Uqrej,

lghq;= uq¿ .u u tl;= ù bgq lr §fuka Tjqka i;= lD;.=K ie,lSfï .=Kh fy<s

fjhs'

ù wiajekak f.g .ekSfuka miq uq,ska isÿ flfrk zw¨;a iy,a mQcdjZ fyj;a

zw¨;a iy,a ux.,HhZ f.dúhd fl; weiqfrka ,enQ YslaIKh ukdj lshd mEuls' Y%S

o<od ud,s.dj" wkqrmqr ch Y%S uyd fndaêh" l;r.u lsßfjfyr jeks fn!oaOhdf.a

w;smQckSh ia:dkj, f;rejka Wfoid mqo §fuka fy<s jkafka w.iia fldgi

nqÿrÿkag;a foúhkag;a mQcd lsÍfuka mqKH fÉ;kd j¾Okh lr .ekSu yd lD;fõ§

nj hs' kqjr l,dúfha f.dúhd mq,af,hd¾ ^.K foúhka& Wfoid lsß b;srùu o

Èh fyd,auk

84 85

mj;akd pdß;%hla úh' w¨;a iyf,ka úydrhg odkh msßkeóu" foudmshka we;=¿

jeäysáhkag w¨;a n;ska ix.%y lsÍu pdß;% fuka u tlsfkld w;r iyÔjkh

f.dv ke.Sug o fya;= jkakls'

fyaka f.dú;ek

c,dYs%; N+ñfhys isÿ flreKq

ù f.dú;ek <Õg idïm%odhsl

lDIsl¾udka;fhys jeo.;a jkafka

zfyaka f.dú;ek hsZ' fuh W;=re

bkaÈhdkq ckhd fï Èjhskg

ixl%uKh ùug fmr isg u furg

mej;s f.dú;eka l%uh fia ie,lsh

yels h' fjfyrfyak" fldgfyak"

;,dfyak" udfyak" .sks.;afyak wdÈ

ia:dk kdu .Kkdjl yuq jk zfyakZ

hk mofhka fmkakqï flfrkqfha ta

m%foaYj, idïm%odhsl fyaka f.dú;ek

§¾> ld,hla mj;ajd f.k wd nj úh yels h' fyak hkak fou< yqrejg zfÉkZ hkq ù

we;' je,sfyak hkak zjd,ÉfÉkZ f,i fou< jyrg tl;= úh'

le,Ej fldgd" t<sfmfy<s lr .sks ,d j.dj i|yd ilia l< ìï m%foaYhla zfyakZ

hkqfjka ye¢kafõ' ia:dkh f;dard .ekSfï § N+ úIu;dj" mi ixrlaIKh iy

mfiys idrj;a nj ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lr we;' >k f,i jevqKq m;% nyq,

jDlaI iys; ;eks;,d N+ñhla fuka u

jDlaI wdydr nyq, idrj;a mila ;sîu

hk ,laIK fuys § ie,ls,a,g .kq

,eìK' Èh uxlvla wdikakfha ;sîu" o<

nEjqula fkd ùu" jk i;=ka .uka .kakd

uxlvj,ska wE;aj msysàu iy lKavdhug

m%udKj;a o hkak jeks lreKq flfrys

fjfiiska fidhd ne,s‚'

f.dúhd iqn Èkhl f;dard .;a le,hg

msúi" iqÿiq kele;a fj,dj wkqj le;a;

isrerg fya;a;= lr .ksñka" le;a;g o

m<uqj lemSug f;dard .;a m÷rg o f;jrla kuialdr lrhs' bka miq lef,a

nKavdr foúhka isys fldg ;=ka h,la ^;=ka j;djla& m÷r jgd meol=Kq fldg m<uq

le;s myr fy<Su zfyaka we,a,SuZ fyj;a zfyaka f.jãuZ f,i ye¢kafjhs' zj,a

we,a,SuZ hkq o fuh u h' tys woyi lkakhl jev wdrïN lsÍu hs' fï wdY%fhka

ks¾udKh jQ ck lúhls fï"

84 85

m<uqfjka lemSug f;dard .; hq;= .ia ms<sn|j iïu;hla mej;s nj kqjr l,dúfha

fï ck lúfhka lshefõ'

rela w;a;k fm;ka m¨ fnda ó lyg

nla ó Èjq,a fld< fnda odUq ó ng

ysla oU f,da¨ fldínE l+rá foug

w;aj, w; w,a,kq ure uqjd fldg

le,Ej lmd oeófuka wk;=rej fyaka .sks ,Eu o kel;lg wkqj u isÿ flfrhs'

fldamfhka mqmqrñka fyak .sks ,Eu i|yd ksjfika msg;a fjkakg yels kï .sks

;eîfï lghq;a; jvd fyd¢ka iy blaukska isÿ jk nj f.dúfhda úYajdi lr;s' .sks

;eîug fmr ;=ka jrejla zyQZ hdÈkak lSu kqjr l,dúh iy ;ukalvqj m%foaYhkays

oelsh yels h' fyaka lemQ miq .sks ;eîug fmr i;a jrla i;=ka m<jd yeÍfï

isß;la mej;s nj ol=Kq m<d;g wh;a ysksÿïm;a;=fjka oek .kakg ,efnhs' .sks

;nkakg fmr mj;ajkq ,nk z.sks hdÈkakZ fun÷ h'

—Wäka tk i;=ka" ìñka tk i;=ka" l=r.dkd i;=ka" lkal=Kafvda" f.dïfn,af,da"

yl/,af,da" yskafkda" l+ôfhda" fulS fkdlS m%dKhg we;=<;a ish¨ u i;ajfhda

wo mgka foudihla$udi tlyudrla$udihla$i;shla$ ;=ka jrejla$ fojrejla$

meh Nd.hla hkakg m<uqfjka wyi uyd fï m¾j;fha Wig .sks cd,djla

tjkafkñ' talg wiq fkdù wm w; jro fkd lshd" we<lska fod<lska tf;r

ù uyd ks,ajka le,hla n,d mf,da'''˜

fyaka f.dú;efka § w;a;ï l%uh flfrys f.dùyq ie,ls,a,la oelajQy' lDIsld¾ñl

fuj,ï yd ;dlaI‚l jYfhka j¾Okh jQ hka;% iQ;% fkd mej;s ta hq.fha w;a;ï

l%uh ksid ckhd w;r wjfndaOh" iqyo;dj" iyÔjkh iy iu.sh wkdhdifhka

f.dv keÕs‚'

fyak .sks ,Efuka miq ,efnk m%:u j¾Idj zwlajeiaiZ h' wlajeiafika miqj

foúhka nqÿka isys lr m%d¾:kd msreKq yoe;sj fyaka fldkl îc frdamKh lsÍu

isÿ fjhs' tfia frdamKh lrkafka nv bß`.=" jÜglald" uE" ,nq" jegfld¿ wdÈ

îc h' jeiafika i;s folla muK blau .sh miq l=ryka jemsfrhs'

we;a; ;uhs mjikafka kshu fldg

i;a; we;s kele;a iqn fydard túg

ks;a; ksrka;r foúhka uqÿka fldg

le;a; f.ke;a f.jäka uq,am÷r jg

86 87

j.djg jvd;a u ;¾ckhla jkafka f.dúhka zuy tldZ hkqfjka jyrk w,shd h'

f.dùyq w,shd ìh .ekaùug úúO W.=,a wgj;s' w,ska fyakg msúfik uxlvj,a

yryd je,la weo tys l=vd je,a j<¨ lsysmhla t,a,d ;efnhs' fïjdg w,s ìh fj;s'

tfia u w,shdg .re lrñka fyj;a kïnq § l:d l< úg W! wjk; jk njg

úYajdihla o mj;S' hdhg w,shd meñ‚ úg zuy tldZ hhs Wia y`äka mjik úg W!

wdmiq hkafka fï ksid nj fyaka f.dúhkaf.a úYajdih hs'

ueá l¾udka;h

wdÈ ñksid ksr; jqKq l¾udka; w;r ueá

l¾udka;h fyj;a l=U,a l¾udka;hg ysñ

jkafka m%Odk ia:dkhls' .,a hq.fha ovhï

Èúfhka .Dyia: f.dú Ôú;hlg ixl%uKh

ùu;a iu. ueá l¾udka;hg wjYH moku

ks¾udKh ú‚' fï i|yd wjYH wuqøjH ,nd

.ekSu .x.d ksïk wdY%s;j Èú f.jQ tlS

ckhdg b;d myiq úh' ft;sydisl f;dr;=re

mqrdúoHd;aul j fidhd hEfï § j<x len,s" ueá mqjre fj;ska ,efnk msán,h

buy;s' f¾äfhda ldnka Èk ks¾Kh wkqj oekg Y%S ,xldfõ yuq jQ mer‚;u ueá

n÷ka wjfYaI ,eî we;af;a lE.,a, Èia;%slalfha msysgd we;s jrldfmd< fodrjl

lkao .,a f,fkks' tajd ls%' mQ' 530g wh;a hehs ks¾Kh lr we;'

ueá l¾udka;h iïnkaO isß;a úß;a ms<sn| yeoEÍul § uydjxih" :Qmjxih"

mQcdj,sh wdÈ ,sÅ; .%ka: yd ckm%jdo o WmldÍ fjhs' ueá ld¾ñlhd zl=ïNldrZ

hkqfjka o y÷kajkq ,eìK' zl=ïNhZ hkq l<f.äh hs' zldrZ hkq lrjkakd h'

tla ckm%jdohl tk mßÈ n÷kl ks¾udKfha werUqu w,sfhl= ueá fmdf<djl

;enQ mdo igyklska isÿ ù we;' ueá fmdf<djl ;enQ w,sfhl=f.a md igykla ÿgq

ñksfil= th ishqï f,i fmdf<dfjka fjka lr .;a;d h hehs tlS m%jdofha ths'

wuq ueá .skafka ms,siaiSfuka b;d ;o njg m;a jk ksid jeä l,la mdúÉÑ l<

yels úh' fï n÷ka iy fjk;a ks¾udK úúO w;ayod ne,Sïj,g Ndck jkafka bka

miqj h' úúO yev iy m%udKhka Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka ueá n÷ka ks¾udKfhys ,d

udkjhd úiska lrk ,o w;ayod ne,Sï úiauh okjkiq¨ h' fuys § Tyqf.a nqoaêh

fuka u l,d l=i,;dj yd Ñka;k Yla;sh o m%fndaOj;a úh' b;d ishqï ks¾udKhla

jk zueá fldajZ kï WmlrKh rka l¾udka;fha § rka WKq lsÍu i|yd fhdod

.ekSu thg idOlhls'

.f`.ka ueá ydrd .ekSug .sh l=U,a ld¾ñlhd .`.g neiSug fmr Èh foda;la f.k

ism .;af;a h' ueá ydrd f.dvg f.kú;a f.dv .id th wdjrKh lr ;enqfõ

u,a iys; fld< w;=j,sks' tu.ska wkjYH f,i ueá úh<S hdu je<l=Kq w;r u,a

ms§ula jeks f.!rjdkaú; ye`.Sula o ta yryd we;s ú‚'

86 87

md¨j" ldkaish" uykaish u.yrjd .ekaug l=U,alrejd o ck lú .dhkd lf<a h'

ud;r l=U,a.u fmfoiska yuq jQ ck lúhls fï"

ueá f.dv wkd ilfmdarefj ;shkafka

w;lska lrljd f.k bÈ lrkafka

le,fhka or fidhdf.k .sks msôkafka

ljqreo uy;=fka uf. ÿl olskafka

ueá ydrkak nei .;af;a j< ;=<g

ueá f.dv .kak ljqre;a ke; Woõjg

;ksj u f.dv .;sñ nr wrf.k lrg

iqß÷ks lÈrmqr ,en fokq uek msysg

ueá ld¾ñlhdf.a újdyfha § ueáfhka ;ekQ fõÈldjla ks¾udKh flß‚'

j¾;udkfha Ndú; jk zu.=,a fmdarejZ fuks' ksjfia ueo wähla muK Wig

fmdarej ;kd fõf<kakg yef¾' ta u; iqÿ u,a o OdkH j¾. o w;=rd ukd,

hqj< ta u; kxjkq ,efn;s' ueáfhka ;ekQ weg ud,hla ukd,hd ukd,shf.a lr

m,|jhs' ukd,shf.a foudmshka úiska ukd,hdg fok odhdo w;r m%Odk jkafka

zil fmdarej hsZ'

w¨f;ka orejl= bmso ál Èklska br mdhdf.k t;a u ;u we`.s,a,g ueá iaj,amhla

f.k orejdf.a k<,; ;s,lhla ;eîu o orejd ilfmdarefõ ;nd fyñka jghla

lrljd orejdf.a lfÜ ó me‚ iaj,amhla .Eu o l=U,a l¾udka;fha fhfok

ckhdf.a isß;ls'

ueá ld¾ñlhd fidndoyu iu. b;d iómj Èú f.ù h' Tyqf.a l¾udka;hg wjYH

ish¨ wuqøjH ,nd .;af;a uy fmdf<dj weiqfrks' Tyq lD;fõ§j ;ud Ôj;a lrjk

N+ñhg jkaokd lf<a h'

;udg we;s jk f,v ÿla" jHik wdÈfha § fudjqka msysg me;=fõ le,E foúhkaf.ks'

le,E foúhka ms§u uq¿ .fï u wh tla ù isÿ l< lghq;a;ls' tÈkg m%§mdf,dal

mQcdjla meje;afjhs' ta .ï kdhlhdf.a ksjfia § h' tfuka u iEu ksjilska u

kejqï j<|la f.kú;a kdhlhdf.a ksjfia ;eîu o pdß;%hls' jkdka;rfha rEiai

.ila hg iu;,d ìula f;dard f.k Y=oaO mú;% lrjd kshñ; Èk Wfoa mdkaor ish¨

fokd tu ia:dkhg /ia ù br mdhd f.k t;a u kef.kysr foi n,d .sf;,a myka

oe,aùu isÿ flf¾' ish¨ mSvdÈ jHikj,ska ;uka iqrlsk f,i le,E foúhkag

wdhdpkd lrkq ,efí' wk;=rej l=re¨ fldfnhshka Wfoid OdkH j¾.j,ska hq;=j

odkuh mqKHl¾uh meje;afjhs'

88 PB

wjfndaOh

1' fuu mdvug f;audj ù we;af;a l=ula o@

2' isxy,hdf.a mqrdK u Ôjfkdamdhhka f,i fuu mdvfï oelafjk jD;a;s

fudkjd o@

3' ta ta jD;a;Skays Tn y÷kd .;a mdrïmßl weoys,s úYajdi fol ne.ska ,shkak'

4' tu hq.fha ñksid ;u mßirh yd ne÷Kq idrO¾uj,g .re l< njg idOl

olajkak'

5' fuys i|yka jD;a;Skays § Tjqka i;=ka flfrys olajk ,o ohdj biau;= jkafka

ljr wjia:dj, § o@

6' kQ;k ;dlaI‚l yd úoHd;aul m%jK;djg yiqj isxy, ck Ôú;fha mdrïmßl

Wreuhka hgm;a jk úg wm l< hq;= f,i Tng yefÕkafka fudkjd o@

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mdvu wjidkfha my; i|yka ud;Dld ms<sn| laI‚l l;d jdrhla mj;ajkak'

² ù f.dú;ek yd iïnkaO isß;a úß;a

² idïm%odhsl Ôjfkdamdhhkays mßir ys;ldó nj

² mer‚ Ôjfkdamdhka fndfyda úg wd.ñl b.ekaùï wkqj ilia ù we;'

2' zisxy, ixialD;sh jvd;a biau;= ù fmfkkafka wfma mer‚ jD;a;Ska u.sks'Z

iy ztfia fkdfõZ hk uefhka fhdacl yd m%;sfhdacl f,i lKavdhï follg

fn§ újdohla mj;ajkak'

3' f.dú;ek" ueá l¾udka;h wdÈ jD;a;shla iïnkaO lr f.k Tfí is;a .;a

wjia:djla olajñka mdif,a Woh /iaùfï § fyda idys;H iñ;sfha § N+ñld

rx.khl fhfokak'

wdYs%; .%ka:

Trelaudkal=,fï pkaok ysñ - fyak ^1990&

mshfiak ly|.uf.a - fyafka ú;a;s ^1999&

fÊ' î' Èidkdhl - uyje,s jxYh

ûyje,s lDIsld¾ñl ixialD;sh

fojk fldgi 1985&

frdayK mS' m%kdkaÿ - l=U,a m%cdj iy ueá l¾udka;h

2010

PB 89

w;aoelSï weiqre lrf.k is; ;=< Wmka ye`.Sï lúhlg ke.Su ldjH

ks¾udKlrKh hs' f,dj ku /ka¥ fndfyda lúhka ;ukaf.a lúlu

werUqfõ mdif,a mka;s ldurfhks' fï mdvu isiqka ;=< ldjH kss¾udKh

lsÍfï ksmqK;dj j¾Okh lsÍfï wruq‚ka ieliqKls'

idys;H ks¾udK w;ßka lúh fyj;a ldjHhg úfYaI ia:dkhla ysñ fõ' ruŒh

woyia yd wre;a oekfjk mßÈ lrk NdIduh ks¾udKh lúh hs' lú ks¾udKh

lrkafka lúhd h' lúhl= ìys ùug fya;= ;=kla n,mdk nj fmrÈ. úpdrlfhda

woyia lr;s' tkï m%;sNdj" jHq;am;a;sh yd i;;dNHdih hs' m%;sNdj hkq ;ud ú¢k

w;aoelSï weiqfrka wmQ¾j is;sú,s my< lr .ekSfï yelshdj hs' jHq;am;a;sh hkq

ldjH ks¾udKlrKh fuka u úúO Ydia;% yd úIh iïnkaO mßK; wjfndaOh hs'

i;;dNHdih hkq ks¾udKlrKfhys ksrka;rj fhfoñka ,nd .kakd m%d.=KHh hs'

mqrdK Ndr;fha úiQ wNskj.=ma; kï mçjrhd m%;sNdj ú.%y fldg we;af;a wmQ¾j

jia;= ks¾udKh lsÍfï olaI;dj f,i h' lúhdf.a m%;sNdj jQ l,s w;aoelSï h<s

h<s;a isys lsÍfuka ke; fyd;a mßl,amkfhka fmdaIKh ,nkakls' mßl,amkh

uQ,sl l%shd ;=kl M,hla fia úia;r flf¾' tu l%shd kï úúO isÿùï is;g ld

je§u" tu isÿùï iauD;sfhys m%;sks¾udKh ùu yd tu iauD;s igyka u.ska kj

ixl,am ìys ùu h' fï wkqj mis÷rkag f.dÿre jk l=ÿ uy;a yeu fohla fuka u

ukfiys my< jk woyi lúhd w;ska úÑ;%;ajhg yd wmQ¾j;ajhg m;a fjhs'

fï wjg mßirfha iq,n isÿùï folla lùka fofokl= w;ska úÑ;%;ajhg m;a jQ

ieá h'

12 ldjH ks¾udKlrKh

z<ud úfha § wm olsk f,dj mßK; úfha § wm olsk f,djg jvd fndfyda

fjkia h' ysre uy;a lsr‚ka nn<kafka o ;K msá w;suy;a yß; j¾K weÕ¨ï ,d

.kafka o ks,a wUr kSf,daolh fia ks,a jkafka o iEu ish¨ Ôúhl= u b;d

wdYap¾hckl Ôúhl= f,i fmfkkafka o wmf.a <ud úfha § ñi wka ljr l,l o@Z

rka frdai - wdßhjxY rKùr

.i j;=iqÿ

ù msßiqÿ

fmdfydh ke;=ÿ

is,a .;a n÷l=udr;=x. uqksodi

90 91

weiq ÿgq fohla fyda isf;ys my< jQ woyila fyda NdIdj lrñka fmr fkd weiQ

fkd lS wdldrfhka mejiSug yelshdj ,nkafka lúhd i;= mßl,amk Yla;sh

fya;=fjks' ldjHhl jákdlu r|d mj;skafka ldjH jia;=j u; fkd j" lúhdf.a

mßl,amkh u; nj bx.%Sis lúhl= jk j¾âiaj¾;a mjid we;af;a tneúkss'

ldjH ks¾udKhl úYsIag;ajh i|yd fya;= jk fojk ,laIKh jkafka lúhd i;=

jHq;am;a;sh hs' jHq;am;a;sh hkafkka woyia flfrkafka Ôjk ;lai,dfjka ,nk

mßK; nqoaêh;a" .%ka: mßYS,kfhka ,nk nyqY%e;Ndjh ke; fyd;a nyq

mÀ;;dj;a h' jHq;am;a;sfhka ySk jQjl=f.ka mdGlhdf.a l,amkd Yla;sh mqnqÿjd

,k wkaofï Wiia ks¾udKhla wfmalaId l< fkd yels h'

by; ,laIK folg wu;r j ldjH ks¾udKfhys § ;sìh hq;= B<`. ,laIKh

jkqfha i;;dNHdih hs' lú;ajh ksrdhdifhka my< jkakla fkfõ' ksr;=rej

mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍfuka ilid .; hq;a;ls' i;;dNHdih hkafkys wre; o th hs'

ix.S;{hd ish ;+¾h NdKav ks;r ks;r jdokh lrñka ish l,dj m%.=K lrkakdla

fuka lúhd o kej; kej; ks¾udKlrKfha fhÈh hq;= h'

tl u f;audj hgf;a ks¾ñ; lú isxy, idys;Hfhys olakg ,efí' ‘jeiai’ tn÷

úIhhls' fï lùka lSm fokl= jeiai .ek ,shQ lú mka;sj,ska Wmqgd .;a lú

lSmhls'

?k ?ka b.s,a,s,d

fldhsn o hkafka

rxpq rxpq iuk,hsks

fï fldhs hkafka

?ka ?ka b.s,a,s,d

wm fï hkafka

iuk, .sr uqks isßmd

j¢kag hkafka

ví,shq'ta' wfíisxy

“b;d w.kd ks¾udKhka f,djg ÿka lùka ish lú ,sõfõ

flfia o@ Tjqka f,dj bÈßfha ;enqfõ ;ud m<uq jrg ,shQ lgq

igyka o@ Tjqka jpkhla lmd ta fjkqjg ;j jpkhla fh¥ ieá o

ta;a krl hehs is;=fKd;a ;j;a tlla t;ekg fhdod neÆ ieá o

;u m%h;akh wid¾:l hehs is;+ fkdfhla úg uq¿ lúh u yuia

fmÜáhg oeuQ ieá o idys;H b;sydifhys fy<s ù ;sfí'”uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø

^1& j,dl=f<a rka mdgg úÿ,s fldgkjd

wdldfia y`v ;<ñka wl=Kq y`vkjd

ìxÿ ìxÿ uy fmdf<djg j;=r jefgkjd

fyda .dñka wfma .ug jeiaila tkjd

^2& jyskjd jyskjd jyskjd jyskjd

.,a .ykakd jf.a j;=r leg jefgkjd

l¿ j,d le,fUñka uqÿka ù kef`.kjd

wl=Kq f.ä .s.==ï § úÿ,s bß ÿjkjd

^3& fmdf<djg jefgk yeu jeys ì÷jl u mfya

.eí jqK isis, ths B ;, mßÈ fufya

<d w;= ßls,s" relaf.duq" ,sh u`vq¨ bfya

oeä fõokdfjka ñßlS y`vkq wefya

^4& ÑÑß Ñß ÑÑß Ñß Wfoa isg weo yef<k

fmdo fkdleä f;; nß j ysßlsf;ka ls,sfmd<k

mdr f;dg .y fld< o jid f.k yeu w;sk

jysk jeys jysk jeys fkdmdhk uq¿ oji

5& i| u`v, jid f.k l¿ j,dl=¿ weÈK

uq¿ f,dj u .k÷ßka mg,jd .kq ,eìK

uu uf.a l=áh ;=< .k w÷r ueo je;sr

w;rux ù yqksñ isysk is;sú,s w;r

ví,shq' ta' wfíisxy

mS'î' w,aúia fmf¾rd

tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u

.=Kodi wurfialr

90 91

weiq ÿgq fohla fyda isf;ys my< jQ woyila fyda NdIdj lrñka fmr fkd weiQ

fkd lS wdldrfhka mejiSug yelshdj ,nkafka lúhd i;= mßl,amk Yla;sh

fya;=fjks' ldjHhl jákdlu r|d mj;skafka ldjH jia;=j u; fkd j" lúhdf.a

mßl,amkh u; nj bx.%Sis lúhl= jk j¾âiaj¾;a mjid we;af;a tneúkss'

ldjH ks¾udKhl úYsIag;ajh i|yd fya;= jk fojk ,laIKh jkafka lúhd i;=

jHq;am;a;sh hs' jHq;am;a;sh hkafkka woyia flfrkafka Ôjk ;lai,dfjka ,nk

mßK; nqoaêh;a" .%ka: mßYS,kfhka ,nk nyqY%e;Ndjh ke; fyd;a nyq

mÀ;;dj;a h' jHq;am;a;sfhka ySk jQjl=f.ka mdGlhdf.a l,amkd Yla;sh mqnqÿjd

,k wkaofï Wiia ks¾udKhla wfmalaId l< fkd yels h'

by; ,laIK folg wu;r j ldjH ks¾udKfhys § ;sìh hq;= B<`. ,laIKh

jkqfha i;;dNHdih hs' lú;ajh ksrdhdifhka my< jkakla fkfõ' ksr;=rej

mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍfuka ilid .; hq;a;ls' i;;dNHdih hkafkys wre; o th hs'

ix.S;{hd ish ;+¾h NdKav ks;r ks;r jdokh lrñka ish l,dj m%.=K lrkakdla

fuka lúhd o kej; kej; ks¾udKlrKfha fhÈh hq;= h'

tl u f;audj hgf;a ks¾ñ; lú isxy, idys;Hfhys olakg ,efí' ‘jeiai’ tn÷

úIhhls' fï lùka lSm fokl= jeiai .ek ,shQ lú mka;sj,ska Wmqgd .;a lú

lSmhls'

?k ?ka b.s,a,s,d

fldhsn o hkafka

rxpq rxpq iuk,hsks

fï fldhs hkafka

?ka ?ka b.s,a,s,d

wm fï hkafka

iuk, .sr uqks isßmd

j¢kag hkafka

ví,shq'ta' wfíisxy

“b;d w.kd ks¾udKhka f,djg ÿka lùka ish lú ,sõfõ

flfia o@ Tjqka f,dj bÈßfha ;enqfõ ;ud m<uq jrg ,shQ lgq

igyka o@ Tjqka jpkhla lmd ta fjkqjg ;j jpkhla fh¥ ieá o

ta;a krl hehs is;=fKd;a ;j;a tlla t;ekg fhdod neÆ ieá o

;u m%h;akh wid¾:l hehs is;+ fkdfhla úg uq¿ lúh u yuia

fmÜáhg oeuQ ieá o idys;H b;sydifhys fy<s ù ;sfí'”uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø

^1& j,dl=f<a rka mdgg úÿ,s fldgkjd

wdldfia y`v ;<ñka wl=Kq y`vkjd

ìxÿ ìxÿ uy fmdf<djg j;=r jefgkjd

fyda .dñka wfma .ug jeiaila tkjd

^2& jyskjd jyskjd jyskjd jyskjd

.,a .ykakd jf.a j;=r leg jefgkjd

l¿ j,d le,fUñka uqÿka ù kef`.kjd

wl=Kq f.ä .s.==ï § úÿ,s bß ÿjkjd

^3& fmdf<djg jefgk yeu jeys ì÷jl u mfya

.eí jqK isis, ths B ;, mßÈ fufya

<d w;= ßls,s" relaf.duq" ,sh u`vq¨ bfya

oeä fõokdfjka ñßlS y`vkq wefya

^4& ÑÑß Ñß ÑÑß Ñß Wfoa isg weo yef<k

fmdo fkdleä f;; nß j ysßlsf;ka ls,sfmd<k

mdr f;dg .y fld< o jid f.k yeu w;sk

jysk jeys jysk jeys fkdmdhk uq¿ oji

5& i| u`v, jid f.k l¿ j,dl=¿ weÈK

uq¿ f,dj u .k÷ßka mg,jd .kq ,eìK

uu uf.a l=áh ;=< .k w÷r ueo je;sr

w;rux ù yqksñ isysk is;sú,s w;r

ví,shq' ta' wfíisxy

mS'î' w,aúia fmf¾rd

tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u

.=Kodi wurfialr

92 93

lú ,shkakg uQ,sl jkafka w;aoelSï h' Tn wjg mßirfhys" f,dalfhys fidnd

oyu yd ne¢ wmQ¾j foa isÿ fjhs' Tn tajd ishqï j ksÍlaIKh l< hq;= fjhs¦ ú¢h

hq;= fjhs' fï lúhl= tjka w;aoelSula ,o whqre hs'

uy.u fialr lúhd ldjH ks¾udK i|yd ish w;aoelSï ,nd .kakd wdldrh olajk

;ekls fï(

iev iq<x je,a yud

wl=Kq úÿ,sh fldgd

uyd jeys j,djla yÈisfhka weo ye<sK

uy.u fialr

‘fyd¢ka wyka bkak' tl r< fma<shla keÕ f.k weú;a neye,

.shdg miafi B <Õ r< fma<sh kef.kak mgka .kak l,a flá úrduhla

;sfhkjd' ta úrduh wmQre ksYaYío;djla' wfma ñ;=frla wmQre fhdackdjla

flf<a h' wms ijka § isáfhuq' ieneúka u jpk b;d u wvq lúhl fuka

ÿ¾,N ksYaYío;dfjka msß uqyqfoa;a úrduh uOqr úh'

wms fjrf<a ys| isáfhuq' isys,a je,af,ka ieÈ È.= mq,sk;,h weiska oelshels

ÿr o blaujd me;sr ;sìK' wm ys| isáhd u fkd fõ' je,af,ka u ;ekQ

fldÜg Wv ysi ;ndf.k je;sr isáfhuq' oE; fomh fuka u is; o ksoyia

úh' ¥rl:k /yekska fyda wm ne| ,kakg ljrl=g j;a fkd yels j. oek

isàu wmg i;=gla úh'

ksy`v;djg o f.dvìu kï jQ lrnd f.k isák ksYap,;djg o tfrysj uqyqo

ler,s .ikakg wr w¢ñka isáhs' uqyqfoa w.la uq,la fidhkakg fkd fjfyiS

uqyqo ú¢kakg wmg werhqula ,eî ;sìK'

,iaik u wyi yd u;l is;sú,s" r;ak YS% úfÊisxy

“iuyr odg uu ?g ld,d ñÿ,g .sys,a,d Wv n,d f.k bkakjd'

fkdfhla t<s fmfkkak mq¿jks' wdldfia j,dl=¿ Èyd n,d bkak fldg

wdldfia ;drld msß,d ;sfhk ?l fkdfhla pu;aldr yeÕSï u;= fjkjd'

l=Kdgqjla jf.a j,dl=¿ tydg fuydg md fjk fldg is;g fkdfhla

le,ô,s yeÕSï we;s fjkjd' fï yeÕSï le,ô,s wdY%fhka wuq;= woyia jia;=

îc isf;a my< fjkjd'” ks¾udK miqìu" ta'ù' iqrùr

92 93

;kslu md¿j yd ldkaish lú ks¾udKh ùug miqìula imhhs' ;uka wdorh lrk

whf.ka fjka ù isák flkl= ;=< yg.;a md¿j m%ldY flfrk ck lúhls fï(

bkafka ÿïnrhs uy l¿ .,la hg

lkafka lrj,hs rg ydf,a n;g

fndkafka fndr Èhhs mQrefj l< mjg

hkafka ljod o ujqmsfhd olskakg

;ud Wmka rfgka neyerj wE; rgl uyd k.rhl yqfol,d jQ mqoa.,hl=f.a

m%ldYhla f,iska tk ‘y| iy ksõfhda¾la kqjr’ lú fm< tys rplhd jk uy.u

fialr ;ud úiska u ,o w;aoelSula wmQ¾jdldrfhka m< lsÍuls' fï tu lú fmf<ka

.;a fldgils'

Ñ;%hla - mska;+rhla jqj o ldjH ks¾udKh i|yd w;aoelSula jk nj .=Kodi

wurfialrf.a ‘Èk fmdf;a ,shQ lúh’ kï jQ lú fm< u.ska m%ldY fõ' ish mq;= tjd

we;s Tyq i;= wka;su jia;=j jQ uqoao" Trf,daiqj" mEk iy we÷ï fmdÈh ;=re¨ lr

f.k je,fmk ujlf.a Pdhd rEmhla lúhd ,kavka kqjr mqj;am;l m< ù ;sfnkq

olshs' my; oelafjk lúhg ksñ;a; th fjhs'

isf;a ;ekam;a jQ w;aoelSula lúhla f,i ìys ùug ie,lsh hq;= ld,hla .; úh

yels h' úu,a Èidkdhlf.a ‘ñh .sh Wjeish’ ks¾udKh i|yd w;aoelSu ,o yeá

lúhd úia;r lrkafka fufia h(

“l¿ .eyS ;r.hg by< .sh

isfuka;s ì;a;s ñil

weig ks,g

wyila .yla fld<la

wjgla ke;

ksõfhda¾la kï mqrjr

ishla uy,a tla geï f.h uqÿfka

fodr cfk,a jid isr l< ldurhl

we|la - mqgqjla - fïihla

uu”

fndaäu" uy.u fialr

Wfò uqoao w;a Trf,daiqj mEk

wehs r;a;rka mq;=fka tõfõ fudg o

u;la fjkakj o ke;s kï úl=Kf.k

yd,a ;=kmfya wrf.k lkakg owdj¾ckd" .=Kodi wurfialr

94 95

wïud wmg we;s uyd¾> jia;=jls' l=vd orejd o wïud .ek lú ,shhs' ta Tyqg

oefkk .=K olajñks' my; i|yka lúfhka ksrEmKh jkafka wfma u wïud h'

“fï lú fm< ,sùfï § uf.a wruqK jqfKa lsishï uy¨ ldka;djla

ñh hEu;a" ta ñh hdu ksid ud ;=< we;s jQ woyila" yeÕSula bÈßm;a lsÍuhs'

fuh rpkd lsÍug hï w;aoelSula ;sfhkakg ´kE' ud l=vd ld,fha § ud

ys;kafk jhi wjqreÿ wg" kjh ú;r ld,fha § ,enQ w;aoelSula mokï lr

f.khs fuh ,shqfõ'” ks¾udK miqìu - ta' ù' iqrùr

msrejdkd fmd;a jykafi

lkmamqfõ fmr<S we;

ñÿ, mqrd úh¿K fld<

ta fï w; úisr ;sfí

ñÿf, myka mef,a ks;r

ie¨Kq oe,a, ksù f.dia h

b|ysg f.a ms<slkafka

n,a,l= Wvq nqrkq wefia úu,a Èidkdhl

uek,d ù folla fkd,eî u,a,lg

orefjd;a tlal uu jeá,d bkak fldg

wïud weú,a,d ySfkka fodrlvg

weyqjd uf. mqf;a lsß ´ke o WUg

ksjd ;drld mshjd f.k oEi

ksod bkak k.f¾ l¿jr ?l

msmS u,la ù f.a <Õ iqÿ frdai

fufia wehs k.kq wïfï u|ydi@

lgmqrd mqf;a lshkd y~ wkakæ

orejfka Wfoa fjkl,a kd~kak

ug uf.a l÷¿ iS;, ú|.kak

Tn tmd ujqks weye msiod,kak

kkakd÷kk fukqjr ;ks jqK wmg

bkafka ljqo /ljrfKg ne,aulg

pkafoda ì,skafoda kd~d ke<fjkak

hïfoda fyg Wfoa wms wdmiq .ug

jiaidfka" r;ak YS% úfÊisxy

94 95

w;aoelSula rij;a ks¾udKhla njg m;a lsÍfï § lúhka úúO Ys,amSh Wml%u Ndú;

lrk nj o ldjH u.ska Tng jvd;a meyeÈ,s jkq we;' jHx.Hd¾:j;a jpk" ldjH

wdlD;sh" ßoauh" ixl,am rEm" ixlaIsma;;dj" jpk fh§u wdÈ tu Wml%u Tng

iycfhka u ,efnk fohla fkd j" lú ,sùfuka u m%.=K lr.;a foa h'

wïud" ;d;a;d" mdi," Woh" rd;%sh" uqyqÿ fjr<" .u wdÈ Tfí Ôú;h yd mßirh

iu. ne¢ úúO f;aud Tiafia isf;ys WmÈk yeÕSï úß;lg wkqj fyda úß;lska

f;drj fyda ldjHd;aul j bÈßm;a lsÍug Tng o yelshdj we;' tu.ska Tfí

w;aoelSï fiiaika iu. fnod yod .ekSug fuka u Tfí yeÕSï mqnqÿjd ,Sug o

wjia:dj ,efí'

isiq ore oeßhka jk Tn we;eï úg úúO ÿla .eyegj,ska o md¿j" yqfol,dj wdÈ

is;ays Wmka yeÕSïj,ska o mSvd ú¢kjd úh yels h' tjka wjia:dj, isf;ys we;s jQ

yeÕSï yd w;aoelSï lúhla njg m;a fldg iudch iu. fnod yod .ekSug Tng

yelshdj ;sfí' f,dj ku .;a fndfyda lùka tA ;;a;ajhg m;a jQfha ;u ÿla fodïkia

;ud muKla fkdú| wkHhkaf.a o w;aoelSula njg fmr<d bÈßm;a lsÍfuks'

wjfndaOh

1' ldjH ks¾udKlrejd i;= úh hq;= uQ,sl ,laIK ;=k l=ula o@

2' wNskj.=ma; zm%;sNdjZ y÷kajd we;af;a flfia o@

3' l=udr;=x. uqksodi lúhd j;=iqÿ .i is,a .;a fihska oelaùug fya;=j l=ula o@

4' jeiai .ek ,shd we;s ldjH ks¾udK rij;a ùug fya;= ù we;s ldfjHdaml%u

fudkjd o@

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' ysre Wodj" l=re¨ f,dj" .Õ .,hs hk f;aud w;ßka tlla Tiafia lú folla

ks¾udKh lrkak'

2' wE; ihqr foi n,d bkakd Tn ;=< we;s jk yeÕSï lúhlg k.kak'

3' B<Õ msgqfõ oelafjk fiahdrej foi ne,Sfï § Tn is;g kef.k is;sú,s

weiqfrka lúhla ks¾udKh lrkak'

96 PB

u;lhg nfia ls,sálu keK is,sf,ka fodjkd

/fia ish,a,ka yg kj mK fmdjkd

fofia wuq;= ñysrla i;=gla jjkd

flfia lsh yels o lsú÷f. w.h jkd

luf;a flf;a fyafka ;kshg bkafka

;=isf;a wef;a hk fidïki f.k fokafka

fofkf;a isf;a wuq;= ue foa wkaokafka

úmf;a fif;a iu lúhd nj okafka

Èks|df.a rejka ria fl`È úys§u

;ß|d lrk fidñ leüka me;sÍu

ì,s|d ;=<e;s fl<s iskyd b`.s mEu

lúhd ksid rij;a fjhs yeu odu

wd¾' irKfialr

PB 97

wdpd¾h à' î' cdhd uy;d YS% ,dxlsl

uqia,sï ck;dj fjkqfjka fmkS

isá nqoaêu;a kdhlfhls' Tyq uqia,sï

ck;djf.a wOHdmk whs;Ska fjkqfjka

fmkS isá w;r" bia,dï wd.ñlhkaf.a

wjYH;d fjkqfjka o iajlSh Ôú;h

lem l< fY%aIAG kdhlhl= jYfhka

b;sydi.; ù we;' t;=udf.a Ôjk

pß;h w<,d mQð; Ôú; kï lD;shg

isßksu,a ,laÿisxy uy;d úiska iïmdÈ;

,smsh wdY%fhka fï mdvu ielis‚'

;=jdka nqyd¾kqoa§ka cdhd" 1890 ckjdß ui m<uq jk Èk uykqjr Èia;%slalfha

.,f.or kï .fuys mÈxÑ j isá uqia,sï cd;sl mjq,l Wm; ,enqfõ h' Tyqf.a

mshd ldisï cdhd kï jQ w;r" uj fkdakd cdhd fi!cd kï jQjd h' orejka y;r

fokl=f.ka hq;a mjq,l fojeks orejd jQ Tyqf.a <ud úh f.ù .sfha Wvrg .eñ

iqkaor;ajfhka wkQk .,f.or .ï mshfiys yd l=reKE., m%foaYfha h' <ud úfha §

Tyqg wd,sïjrfhl= fj;ska ksjfia § u wd.ñl wOHdmkhla ,nd §ug Tyqf.a

foudmsfhda lghq;= l<y' ldisï cdhd ish ore mjq, o /f.k w.kqjrg meñfKk

úg l=vd ;=jdka cdhdf.a jhi wjqreÿ tfld<yls' w.kqjrg meñŒfuka miq Tyqf.a

m%d:ñl wOHdmkh werUqKq w;r oaú;aj iy ;%s;aj idu¾:Hhka ,nñka olaI;d

fmkajQ Tyq oy;=ka jk úfha § .,alsiai Ydka; f;dauia úoHd,hg we;=¿ jQfha

YsIH;ajhla o Èkd .ksñks' tys § Tyq flaïì%Ê lksIaG úNd.h iu;a jQfha lksIaG

mka;sj, .‚;h i|yd jQ fÊ' ta' ã' uekaäia ;Hd.h o Èkd .ksñks' Bg jirlg

miq flaïì%Ê fcHaIAG úNd.h iu;a jQfha ,;ska NdIdj i|yd jQ wdpd¾h tñ,aia

;Hd.h o ysñ lr .ksñks' Tyq 1908 § ,kavka ueÜßlshqf,aIka úNd.fhka iu;a

ùug ;rï úYsIagfhla jQfha h'

mdif,ka wia jQ miq cdhd uy;d uykqjr O¾urdc úoHd,fha .=rejrhl= f,i m;aj

udi y;la muK tys fiajh lsÍfuka wk;=rej fudrgqfõ fõ,aia l=ur úoHd,fha

.=re uKav,hg we;=<;a jQfha h' fuys § Tyqf.ka wOHdmkh ,;a wh w;r miq

lf,l Y%S ,xldfõ foaYmd,k N+ñfhys jeo.;a ;ekla .;a kdhlhl= jQ ms,sma

.=Kj¾Ok yd frdnÜ .=Kj¾Ok fidfydhqfrda o jQy' .=rejrhl= jYfhka fiajh

13 wdpd¾h à' î' cdhd

98 99

lrk w;r ;udf.a wOHdmk lghq;= o fkd kj;ajd u lrf.k .ssh Tyq 1911 § ndysr

wfmalaIlhl= f,i úNd.hg fmkS isáñka ,kavka úYajúoHd,fhka î'ta' Wmdêh

,nd .ekSug ;rï W;aidyjka; jQfha h' fuu Wmdê mÍlaIKh iòyd Tyq fmkS isá

úIhhka jQfha .%Sl NdIdj" ,;ska NdIdj" b;sydih yd wd¾Ól úoHdj hs' fõ,aia l=ur

úoHd,fha fiajfhka miq Tyq fld<U wdkkao úoHd,fha wdpd¾h uKav,hg tla úh'

fõ,aia l=ur úoHd,fha § Tyqf.a YsIHhka jQ ms,sma .=Kj¾Ok yd frdnÜ .=Kj¾Ok

fuys § o Tyqf.a YsIHhka w;r jQy' ta yereKq fldg wdpd¾h weka' weï' fmf¾rd o

fï jljdkqfõ wdkkao úoHd,fha YsIHfhl=j isáfha h'

.=re jD;a;sh fjkqfjka cdhd uy;df.ka jQ fiajh o buy;a meiiqug ,la jQjls'

jHjia:dodhl iNdj" rdcH uka;%K iNdj yd ksfhdað; uka;%S uKav,h jeks

wdh;khkays § o tajdhska msg; § o t;=ud .=rejrekaf.a whs;Ska fjkqfjka igka

flf<a h' iuia; ,xld .=re ix.ufha iNdm;s jYfhka talÉPkaofhka m;a jQ

t;=ud Y%S ,xldfõ m%:u .=re iuq¿fõ § tys iNdm;sjrhd jYfhka o f;aÍ m;a úh'

.=re jD;a;sh ms<sn| b;d iq¿ foh o Tyqf.a ie,ls,a,g fhduq úh'

furg uqia,sï ck;djf.a wOHdmk ;;a;ajh kxjd ,Sug Tyq úiska bgq lrk ,o fiajh

uqia,sï ck;djf.a buy;a f.!rjhg md;%j mj;S' .=re jD;a;shg we;=<;a jQ wjêfha

isg u Tyq uqia,sï ckhdf.a wOHdmk ;;a;ajh kxjd,Sfï wjYH;dj wjfndaO lr

.;af;a h' ta woyia yqfola ;u is;ays ;nd f.k isákq fjkqjg foaYk yd ,sms

f,aLk u`.ska fiiq uqia,sï ck;dj w;rg tu woyia jHdma; lsÍug Tyq lghq;=

flf<a h' ;udf.a yd ldisï biaudhs,a uy;df.a iu ixialdrl;ajfhka m< lrk

,o zisf,daka uqia,sï ßùõZ kï i`.rdj fï i|yd wúhla lr .ekSug cdhd uy;d

iu;a úh' 1914 § tu i`.rdjg Tyq ,shQ ,smshl o fuu woyia meyeÈ,sj olajd

;sì‚' zwOHdmkh yd cd;sl ÈhqKqjZ uefhka ,xld uqia,sï ix.uh bÈßfha meje;ajQ

foaYkhl o fï iïnkaOfhka úfYAIfhka i|yka ù we;' Tyq tys fufia i|yka

lf<a h(

—wms ûqia,sï cd;slfhda& l=ula lr we;af;uq o@ Tjqyq ^fiiq ck fldgiaj, wh&

iudcfha úúO wxYj, úYsIag .Kfha mqoa.,hka ìys fldg we;a;dy' Tjqyq olaI

kS;sfõ§ka" uka;%K iNslhka yd fjk;a wxYj, úYsIag mqoa.,hka o ìys fldg

we;a;dy' rcfha Wiia ks,OdÍyq lsisjl=;a wmg isá;a o@ Wiia jD;a;Skays fhfok

úYsIag mqoa.,fhda lsisjl=;a wmg issá;a o@ olaI kd.ßl uka;%Sjrfhl=

fyda jHjia:dodhl uka;%Sjrfhl= ìys lsÍug wmg yels ù ;sfí o@ fjfklla

;nd wfma u mdi,a yd úoHd, w;f<diaila j;a wmg ;sfí o@ wms wfma

orejkaf.ka fndfyda fokl= uqia,sï fkd jk mdi,aj,g hjd we;af;uq o@

wvmK jQ wdldrfhka l%shd;aul jk m%d:ñl mdGYd,d folla fyda ;=kla kï wm

i;= jk nj we;a;ls' tfy;a wmg tl u úoHd,hla j;a we;e hs wjxlj m%ldY

l< yels o@ ms<s;=r meyeÈ,s f,i u ke;ehs lSu h' id¾:l jHdmdßlhka yd

bvï ysñ jeú,slrejka úYd, msßilska hq;a ck fldÜGdihlg fujekakla

ms<s.ekSug isÿ ùu wjudkhg lreKla fkd jkafka o@ ;j ÿrg;a fufia isàu

wmg ;rï fkd jkafka h' wms jyd u fuh fjkia l< hq;= fjuq'˜

98 99

à' î' cdhd uy;d uqia,sï ckhdf.a wOHdmkh úIhfhys lrk ,o fiajh

wurŒh;ajhg m;a lrjk Ôjudk iaudrlh urodfka iysrd úoHd,h hs' b;d ÿ¾j,

;;a;ajhl mej;s iysrdj Èjhsfka m%:u fmf<a úoHd,hla njg m;a lsÍfï f.!rjh

Tyqg ysñ fjhs' Tyq tys úÿy,am;s yeáhg m;a jQfha 1921 § h'

tjlg kS;s{ úNd.h wjika lsÍug iQodkï fjñka isá Tyq kS;s{ jD;a;sh Tiafia

iajlSh fm!oa.,sl hym; myiqfjka <`.d lr .; yelsj ;snQ udj; fjkqjg

iysrd úoHd,h kj Ôjkhg m;a lsÍfï wjodkï iy.; wNsfhda.d;aul ld¾hh

tä;rj Ndr .;af;a h' Tyq úÿy,am;s jk úg tu úoHd,fha wdpd¾h uKav,h

yh fofkls¦ isiqyq mkia kjhls¦ .Dy NdKav hehs lsj yels lsisjla fkd ;snqKq

;rï h' f.dvke.s,a, m%d:ñl mdGYd,djlg jqj o hka;ï msßuefik ;rï h'

tu f.dvke.s,a,g hdr úiailg ;sylg muK wE;ska jQfha md;d,fha fidrekaf.a

;smafmd< f,i uyckhd úiska i,lk ,o jk <eyenls' tfy;a fï lsisjlska

wffO¾hhg m;a fkd jQ cdhd uy;d wêIaGdk mQ¾jlj jev wdrïN flf<a h'

Tyqf.a lemùu wmf;a fkd .sh w;r b;d flá l,lska u úoHd,fha udkj yd

fN!;sl iïm;a ixj¾Okh lr .ekSug Tyqg yelshdj ,eì‚'

fojk f,dal hqoaOh wjêfha § w.kqjr úoHd,j, lghq;= iSud úh' uyckhdg

buy;a ÿIalr;djkag uqyqK §ug isÿ jQ w;r" fndfyda fokd mÈxÑh iòyd wE;

m<d;aj,g .shy' iysrd úoHd,h ;djld,slj jid ouk ,o w;r tys f.dvke.s,s

yuqodfõ m%fhdackhg .eks‚' fï wjia:dfõ ÿr olakd kqj‚ka hqla; j lghq;=

l< cdhd uy;d Wod ù we;s whym;a ;;a;ajh uqia,sï YsIHhkaf.a wkd.; hym;g

fya;= jkakla njg m;a lsÍug W;aiql úh' Tyq tfia lf<a fld<ôka neyer .sh

uqia,sï YsIHhka i|yd ta ta m<d;aj, mdGYd,d újD; lsÍfuks' ta wkqj .ïfmd<"

w¨;a.u" ud;f,a iy mq;a;,u k.rj, iysrd úoHd,fha YdLd ìys úh' fldf;la

ÿIalr;d meñ‚h o ta úoHd, ta ta m<d;aj, uqia,sï YsIHhka i|yd mj;ajdf.k hkq

,nk wOHdmk wdh;k jYfhka jefvkakg úh' 1947 § tu úoHd,j,g iajdëkj

l%shd lsÍfï n,h o mjrk ,È'

à' î' cdhd uy;d uqia,sï ck;djf.a iudÔh yd foaYmd,ksl lghq;=j,

fufyhqïlrejl= yd ud¾f.damfoaYlhl= f,i jeo.;a fiajhla bgq flf<a h' fuu

ishjfia fojk yd f;jk oYlj, § uqia,sï ck;dj iudÔh jYfhka wfkl=;a

ck fldÜGdihkag jvd miq miska isáhy' úfYaIfhka Tjqkg m%udKj;a nqoaêu;a

kdhl;ajhla ;snqfKa ke;' 1924 § cdhd uy;d jHjia:dodhl iNdjg m;a jQfha

fun÷ wjêhl § h' W.;l= yd wOHdmk{hl= jQ cdhd uy;d lemS fmfkk

uqia,sï ck kdhlhd njg blaukska m;a úh' uqia,sï cd;sl rcfha fiajlhkag

cqïud ksjdvq ,nd §fï wjYH;dj ms<sn|j lreKq olajñka 1925 ckjdß 19 jk

Èk uka;%K iNdfõ § Tyq l;djla o flf<a h' rdcH uka;%K iNdjg kï lrk

,o uka;%Sjrhl= f,i m;a jQ Tyq 1936 isg 1947 olajd úYd, fiajhla lf<a h'

1947 § we;s jQ uyd .xj;=rlska .ïfmd< my;a ìï m%foaYj, Ôj;a jQ uqia,sï mjq,a

ish .Kklf.a f.j,a fodrj,a úkdY ù wkd: jQ wjia:dfõ cdhd uy;d ysia j;a;la

rchg w;am;a lrf.k f.j,a wysñ jQ ish¨ u whg ksjdi bÈ lr foñka udßhdj;a;

100 101

ksjdi fhdackd l%uh wdrïN flf<a h' t;=ud lïlre yd iudc fiajd weu;s jYfhka

/lshd úrys; whg iykhla ie,iSfï wruq‚ka zúrlaId iyk fiajhZ kï jHdmD;sh

we;s flf<a h' fuh úreoaO u; ork foaYmd,lhkaf.a mjd meiiqug ,la úh'

mdlsia:dkh iu`. ;dkdm;s iïnkaO;d we;s ùu;a iu`. tys m%:u ,xld uyd

flduidßia jYfhka 1950 § m;a lrkq ,eîu à' î' cdhd uy;dg lrk ,o f.!rjhla fia

ie,lsh yels h' mdlsia:dkfha mxcdí úYajúoHd,h úiska 1952 § t;=udg idys;HiQÍ

f.!rj Wmdêh msßkeófuka meyeÈ,s jkafka nqoaêu;a iïNdjkSh rdcH ;dka;%slhl=

f,i Tyqg ;snQ ms<s.ekSu hs'

ulalu Y=oaO k.r jkaokdjg hk Y%S ,dxlsl bia,dï ne;su;=ka Wfoid ,e.==ï

ksjdihla msysgqùu i|yd fi!È wrdìfha rcqf.ka wjir .ekSug tu rg n,d .sh

ksfhdað; msßig kdhl;ajh §u t;=udf.ka isÿ jQ wjidk fmdÿ ld¾hh úh' tu

¥; .uk id¾:l úh' ulalu Y=oaO k.rh jkaokd fldg u§kd k.rhg hñka

isáh § frda.d;=rj rcfha frday,lg we;=<;a lrkq ,enQ t;=ud 1960 uehs 31 jk Èk

fuf,dj yer .sfha h'

wjfndaOh

1' my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

¸' à' î' cdhd uy;df.a ck;d fiajh lemS fmfkkafka l=uk lafIa;%hla

iïnkaOfhka o@

¸¸' miq lf,l foaYmd,k lafIa;%fha lemS fmfkk fiajhla l< kdhlhkag

Tyq .=rejrfhla jQfha h' tu kdhlhka kï lrkak'

¸¸¸' ,dxflah wOHdmkhg Tyqf.ka isÿ jQ fiajh ljrdldr o@

¸¹' kS;s{jrhl= ùfï wjia:dj Tyq úiska w;a yßkq ,enqfõ l=uk mrud¾:hla

ksid o@

¹' t;=udg idys;HiQÍ Wmdêh msßkeuqfKa l=uk wdh;khlska o@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' mdvfï tk my; i|yka ;oaê; moj, m%lD;s yd m%;Hh fjka lrkak' tla tla

jpkh fhdod w¾:j;a jdlHh ne.ska ,shkak'

¸' §ma;su;a ¹' fm!oa.,sl

¸¸' kd.ßl ¹¸¸' foaYmd,ksl

¸¸¸' olaI;d ¹¸¸¸' m%d:ñl

¸¹' nqoaêu;a

100 101

2' mdvfuka Wmqgd .kakd ,o my; i|yka moj, Wmi¾. fjka fldg ,shkak' ta

tla tla jpkh fhdod w¾:j;a jdlHh ne.ska ;kkak'

¸' úrlaId ¹' wjxl

¸¸' whym;a ¹¸¸' ixj¾Okh

¸¸¸' m%fhdack ¹¸¸¸' wjfndaO

3' my; i|yka wjia:djkaf.ka tlla f;dard f.k rdcldß ,smshla fyda jHdmdßl

,smshla fyda ,shkak'

¸' rkafmdl=K.u úoHd,fha l,d ix.ufha f,alï Tn hehs is;d l,d Wf,<

i|yd Yío úldYk hka;% yd fõÈld wdf,dal myiqlï b,a,ñka m%foaYfha tn÷

myiqlï imhk jHdmdßl wdh;khlg hjk ,smsh ,shkak'

¸¸' <`. tk w'fmd'i' îd'fm<& úNd.hg fmkS isàu i|yd úoHd,fha wfkl=;a

isiqkag m%fõY m;% ,eî we;;a Tfí m%fõY m;%h fï jk f;la ,eî ke;' ta nj

oekqï foñka úNd. m%fõY m;%h yels blaukska ,nd §ug lghq;= lrk fuka

b,a,ñka úNd. flduidßia ckrd,a;=udg ,smshla ,shkak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mka;sh lKavdhï y;rlg fn§ à' î' cdhd uy;df.a Ôjk pß;hg wod<

lreKq my; i|yka ud;Dld Tiafia fm<.iajkak'

¸' wOHdmkh yd úfYaI l=i,;d

¸¸' jD;a;Sh Ôú;h

¸¸¸' .=rejreka Wfoid l< fufyh

¸¹' foaYmd,k lafIa;%hg oelajQ odhl;ajh

102 PB

m%dfhda.sl Ôú;fha úúO wjia:djkays § rdcldß ,sms yd jHdmdßl ,sms ,sùug wmg

isÿ fõ'

rdcldß ,sms ,sùu m%dfhda.sl f,aLk w;r jeo.;a f,aLk lghq;a;ls' rcfha wud;HdxY"

fomd¾;fïka;= iy fjk;a rdcH wdh;k iu. fuka u fm!oa.,sl wdh;k iu. o

rdcldß lghq;= lsÍfï § fujeks ,sms ,sùug isÿ fjhs' rdcldß$jHdmdßl ,smshl

we;=<;a úh hq;= m%Odk wx. lsysmhls'

rdcldß yd jHdmdßl ,sms ,sùfï kj;u wdlD;sh

rdcldß ,sms yd jHdmdßl ,sms

;k;=r

hjkakdf.a ,smskh

Èkh

,nkakdf.a ,smskh

wduka;%Kh

ud;Dldj

ûd;Dldjg wod< úia;rh&

m<uq fþoh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

fojk fþoh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

f;jk fþoh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

hjkakdf.a w;aik

ku

ia;=;sh

PB 103

Todjdrd iy w;ñ w;r l=vd ÿïßh ud¾.fha jev mgka .kakd úg ¾fhdafyhsf.a jhi

wjqreÿ wgls' ¾fhdafyhs yeu Èfkl u lïlrejka jev lrkq ne,Sug k.rdka;hg

.sfha h' f;dfrdlafldaj,ska l=Kq li< wÈkjdg jeä jefvla tys fkd ù h' Tyq tys

.sfha ta ld¾hh keröug wdYd l< fyhsks'

f;dfrdlafldafõ msámi li< f.dvla wi, lïlrefjda fofofkla isgf.k isá;s'

f;dfrdlafldaj lkaol isg my<g tk neúka th fõ.fhka niS' tys nlalsh"

fõ.h ksid fjjq,hs' lïlrejkaf.a lnd fl<jr mg mg .d iq<Õg jefohs'

tys ;=kS .rdÈ .eàï ksid keó hhs' ta foi mÍlaIdfjka n,d isák ¾fhdafyhsg

;udg;a lïlrejl= jkakg we;akï hs isf;a' úfgl fya tla jrla j;a lïlrejka

iu. f;dfrdlafldafõ hkakg ,efíjd hs m;hs' f;dfrdlafldaj k.rh wi,g

meñfK;a u fmdf<dj ;eks;,d ksid fõ.h wvq ù bfí u kj;S' túg lïlrefjda

läir f,i bka bj;g mek li< y,;s¦ bka miq th lkao by<g ;,a¨ lsÍug

mgka .ks;s' f;dfrdlafldafõ ke. hEug fkd yels jQj;a ;,a¨ lsÍug j;a bv

,efí hehs ¾fhdafyhs n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha fujeks wjia:djl § h'

¾fhdafyhs fmnrjdß udifha uq,a yßfha tla ikaOHdjl k.rdka;fhys f;dfrdlaflda

kj;d ;snqKq ;ekg .sfha h' Tyq ;udg wjqreoaolska nd, ;u ifydaorhd o

ifydaorhdf.a jhfia u isá wi,ajeis <uhl= o legqj .sfha h' nlalsj, uv leá

.eiS ;snqKq f;dfrdlaflda lSmhla fma<shg kj;d ;sfnkq olakg ,eìK' fya jgmsg

ne,S h' lïlrejkaf.ka lsisfjla tys fkd ù h' Tjqyq ;sfokd fo.sähdfjka

wka;sug kj;d ;snqKq f;dfrdlafldaj ;,a¨ lsÍug mgka .;ay' ;,a¨fjka frdao

14 f;dfrdlafldaj

¾hqfkdiqfl wl=;.djd - hkq f,dal m%lg cmka

flál;dlrefjls' fgdalsfhda w.kqjr lsfhdanIs

Èia;s%lalfha Wmka Tyqf.a m<uq jk flál;dj

zrfIdafudkaZ h' iajlSh m%:u flál;dfjka u

f,da m;< jQ Tyq f,dal flál;d b;sydifha

fkdueflk kula i,l=Kq l< f,aLlfhls'

chka; úu,fiakhka úiska mßj¾;s;

yoj; md¿hs kï flál;d tl;=fjys

tk zf;dfrdlafldajZ wl=;.djdf.a úYsIag

ks¾udKhls'

104 105

lrlefjkakg úh' frdaoj,ska ksl=;a jQ Yíoh uq,ska ¾fhdafyhs ;e;s .ekajQ kuq;a ta

Yíoh fojkq j weiqKq úg Tyqf.a ìh my j .sfha h' w;afmdä yfha n,fhka th

f¾,a mS,s Èf.a by<g fyñka ;,a¨ ù .sfha h'

f;dfrdlafldaj hdr úiaila muK ;,a¨ ù .sh miq Tjqka fl;rï uykais .;a; o

lkao ksid bka Tíng r:h fi,úh fkd yels úh' we;eï úfgl r:h wdmiq ;,a¨

jQfha Tjqka ;sfokd iu. h' ;u mrud¾:h bgq lr .ekSu i|yd meñ‚ ÿr m%udKh

fyd|g u iEfya hehs is;+ ¾fhdafyhs —jfr,a,d" f.dvfjh,a,d˜ hs nd, <uhska

fofokdg ika lf<a h'

Tjqyq ;sfokd f;dfrdlafldafõ t,a,S .;ay' th fyñka fyñka wefokakg jk'

l%ufhka fõ.h jeä úh' wka;sfï § f;dfrdlafldaj mS,s u; b.sf<kakg mgka

.;af;a h' bÈß mi o¾Ykh ¾fhdafyhsf.a weia bÈßfhys È. yeÍ YS>%fhka fomig

weÈ‚' ikaOHd udre;h Tyqf.a folïuq,ays .eà .sfha h' fjjq,k f;dfrdlafldaj

Tyqf.a fomd hg keà h' ¾fhdafyhsf.a i;=g W;=rd hk ;rï úh'

ñks;a;= lSmhla we;=<; § f;dfrdlafldafõ .uka fõ.h l%ufhka wvq ù kej;=fKa h'

“jfr,a,d" wdfh;a ;,a¨ lruq'” ¾fhdafyhs nd, <uhs fofokd iu. kej;;a f;dfrdlafldaj ;,a¨ lsÍug iQodkï

úh' frdao hka;ï fi,jqKd mu‚' Tjqka msgq miska wä Yíohla weis‚' blaì;sj

uy;a y`vla /õ ÿkafka h'

“WU,d T;k fudl o@ ljqo WU,dg Th f;dfrdlaflda w,a,kak lsjqfõ@” jevg

w¢k ln,a celÜgqjl=;a h,a mekmq msÿre f;dmamshl=;a we|.;a Wi lïlrefjla

Tjqka wi,ska isg .;af;a h' zfï wuq;a;d ljqoeZhs y÷kd .kakd úg Tjqka isáfha hdr

úiailg;a jvd wE; h' túg Tjqyq ÿjkakg jQy' ¾fhdafyhs wdmiq f.or ÿjk úg

jevfmd< wi, f;dfrdlaflda rdYshla olakg ,enqK o Tyqg kej;;a tajd me§ug

fkd is;s‚' iq<Õg fjjq,ñka ;snqK msÿre f;dmamsh" Tyq rjd neÆ yeá" ¾fhdafyhsg

ks;r u isyshg ke.=fKa h' tfy;a ld,hdf.a wejEfuka ta yeÕSu o w;=reoykaj

.sfha h'

oi Èklg muK miq tla iekaoEjl ¾fhdafyhs" jev lrk fmfofiys ;ud iómhg

tk f;dfrdlaflda krUñka isáfha h' tla f;dfrdlafldafjl b;d Wi li< f.dvla

úh' fojeks f;dfrdlafldafõ is,anr l|ka mgjd ;snqfKa h' ;reKfhda fofofkla

fï úfYaI f;dfrdlafldaj ;,a¨ lrñka isáhy' Tjqka ÿgq iefKlska u zTjqka yd

ñ;% ùug ,enqfKd;aZ hs ¾fhdafyhsg is;s‚' zTjqka ug lE.ik tlla keyeZ hs fya

is;S h¦ tfia is;d Tjqka foig Èjqfõ h'

“hd¿jd" ud;a ;,a¨ lrkak Wojq fjkak o@” “fyd|hs" fyd|hs" tkjd'”¾fhdafyhs n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ mßÈ" Tjqkaf.ka tflla - bß jegqK lñihla we| isá

ñksid - ysi kud f.k f;dfrdlafldaj ;,a¨ lrk .uka úkS; f,i ms<s;=re

104 105

ÿkafka h' ¾fhdafyhs ñksiqka fofokd w;rg ù mq¿jka ;rï Yla;sh fhdod

f;dfrdlafldaj ;,a¨ lsÍug mgka .;af;a h'

“WUg yqÕla yhsh ;sfhkjd fka" <ufhda” lk woaor is./Ügqjla r|jd f.k isá

wfkla ñksid o ¾fhdafyhsg m%Yxid lf<a h'

jeä ld,hla .; fkd ù u m,a,u <Õd úh' z;j;a ;,a¨ lrkak Wjukd keyeZhs

ljr fudfyd;l Tjqka lshdú foda hs ¾fhdafyhs fkd ikaiqkalñka miq úh' tfy;a

lïlrefjda fofokd fmrg jvd ;rula YÍrh Rcqj ;nd f.k jpkhl=ÿ fkd lshd

È.g u ;,a¨ lr f.k .shy' ¾fhdafyhsg ;u woyi ;j ÿrg;a iÕjd f.k isáh

fkd yels úh' fya nfhka nfhka —;j ;,a¨ lrkak oe@˜ hs weiqfõ h'

“fyd|hs" fyd|hs” Tjqyq fofokd u ms<s;=re ÿkay'

Tjqka b;d úkS; hehs ¾fhdafyhs is;=fõ h' hdr mkaishhla yhishhla muK blaujQ

úg kej;;a lkao <Õd úh' ud¾.h fomi u cukdrx j;= olakg úh' b§ rka

jka jQ cukdrx f.ä u; ysre /ia jeà ;sì‚'

Tjqyq cukdrx j;= w;ßka l÷ uqÿkg f;dfrdlafldaj ;,a¨ l<y' t;eka isg jQfha

;o neiauls' bß lñih ye| isá ñksid “jfrka" jfrka" mekmka”hs y`v kÕd

lSfha h' ¾fhdafyhs weis,a,lska u r:hg mekafka h' Tjqka ish¨ fokd u r:hg

keÕ=Kq miq f;dfrdlafldaj mS,s Èf.a fõ.fhka my<g niskakg úh' cukdrx iqj|

Tjqkag wd>%dKh úh' ¾fhdafyhsf.a lndh mjfkys f,< ÿkafka h'

‘;,a¨ lrkjdg jvd ke.s,d hk tl yß fIdala' wdmiq tk fldg;a ljqre yß ;,a¨

lrkjd kï yqÕla ;eka keÕS,d hkak mq¿jka'’ fujeks fkdfhla woyia Tyqf.a

is; ;=<g jeÿfKa h'

f;dfrdlafldaj fomi jQ WK m÷re fj; <x fj;a u l%ufhka tys fõ.h wvq

jkakg úh' ;sfokd kej;;a th ;,a¨ lsÍug mgka .;ay' WK m÷re jk <eyenlg

mßj¾;kh úh' uÕ È.g u jeà ;snqK úh<s fld<j,ska mS,s iïmQ¾Kfhka u jeiS

;snqfKa h' Tjqka l÷ uqÿkg meñ‚ úg l÷ .eg w;ßka uqyqo Èia úh' fndfyda ÿr

f.dia we;s nj ¾fhdafyhsg jegyqfKa tfõf,ys h'

;sfokd kej; o f;dfrdlafldajg keÕ .;ay' th uqyqog jï miska jk <eyefí

w;= m;r háka Èfjkakg úh' flfia jqj o ¾fhdafyhsg fmr § fuka f;dfrdlaflda

me§fï úfkdaoh fujr fkd ,eì‚' Tyqg th wdmiq yrjd .ekSug ;rï is;a úh'

tfy;a tys .uk wjika jk ;=re wdmiq fkd yefrk nj fya úYajdi lf<a h'

f;dfrdlafldaj kej;=fKa h' Tjqka isáfha msÿre fifj‚ l< f;a meka y,lg

uqyqK ,d f.k h' th wi, u mia lKaä lvd jegqKq lkaola úh' f;a meka y,

;=<g msúis lïlrejka ì,s|l= msfgys t,a,d .;a .eyekshlf.ka f;a b,a,d f.k

ksjdvq mdvqj tys ri n,kq olakg ,eì‚'

¾fhdafyhs fkd ikaiqka .;shlska f;dfrdlafldaj jgd ilauka lf<a h' f;dfrdlaflda

peisfha uqÿfkys fomi ,S mqjrej, ;ejreKq uv ;Ügq fõ<S leá .eiS ;snqfKa h'

106 107

ñks;a;= lSmhlg miq lfka is./Ügqjla .id f.k isá ñksid f;a lvfha isg wjq;a

lvodishl T;k ,o iQlsß j.hla Tyqg ÿkafka h' ¾fhdafyhs lsisÿ yeÕSula ke;sj

wdjdg .shdg fuka zia;=;shsZ lSfõ h' tfy;a ;ud fld;rï oro`vq ù oehs miqj Tyqg

jegyqfKa h' tys jro yß.iaikakg fuka fya iQlsß álla lgg ùis lr .;af;a h'

nQñf;,a .|la Tyqg oekqfKa ksielfhka u ta lvodish ksid úh hq;= h'

;sfokd u f;dfrdlafldaj h<s;a ;,a¨ lrkakg jQy' ¾fhdafyhsf.a w;a f;dfrdlafldaj

u; ;snqKq kuq;a is; fhduq ù ;snqfKa fjk;a foaj,a flfryss h'

Tjqyq wfkla md¾Yajfhys l÷ mduq,g <Õd jQy' t;ek o uq,ska lS f;a meka y,

jeks lvhla ;snqfKa h' lïlrejka th ;=<g .sh miq ¾fhdafyhs f;dfrdlafldafjys

jdäf.k ‘wdmiq f.or hkafka flfia oe’hs is;kakg úh' ñÈ je,a u; jegqKq nisk

ysref.a wdf,dalh l%ufhka wvq jkakg úh'

‘oeka fyd|g u yjia fj,d’ fï woyi my< jQ úg Tyq fkdbjis,su;a úh' fya

;u lrorj,ska is; fjk w;lg fhduq lsÍug uykais .;af;a h' f;dfrdlafldafõ

frdaoj,g mhska .eiqfõ h' ;udg neß nj oek oek u uq¿ flaka;sh u fhdod th

;kshu ;,a¨ lsÍug ieriqfKa h'

lïlrefjda wdmiq meñK “<ufhda blaukg f.or ÿjmka' wms wo ? fuys k;r

fjkjd”hs lSy' “WU ;j;a f.or hkak mrlal= jqfKd;a wïu,d ;d;a;,d l,n,

fjkjd'” ¾fhdafyhs fudfyd;la mqÿuhg m;aj n,d isáfha h' ta jk úg we¢ß jeà wjidk h'

.sh wjqreoafoa Tyq bjduqrd olajd meñ‚fha h' wo meñ‚ ÿr Bg jvd i;r .=Khlska

muK jeä h' Tyqg fï ÿr m%udKh ;kshu mhska hEug isÿ jkafka h' fï yeu

lreKla u Tyqf.a is; úksúo .sfha h' ¾fhdafyhsf.a weiaj, l÷¿ msrefKa h' ye`ãfuka

m,la ke;s nj;a fuh Bg wjia:dj fkd jk nj;a Tyqg l,amkd jQfha h' Tyq ;reK

lïlrejka fofokdg hï;ï wdpdr fldg f¾,a mS,s Èf.a ÿjkakg mgka .;af;a h'

úfgl Tyq f¾,a mS,s u; Èjqfõ f;daka;= jQjdla fuks' iQlsß uq, bÍ úisfrk nj

Tyqg oekqfKa h' fya b;sß ál o bj;g ùis lf<a h' mdjyka hqj< o .e, ù ùis

jkakg bv yeßfha h' fïia muKla we;sj ÿjk Tyqf.a fom;=,aj, fndr¨ wekS

;rul fõokd we;s jqj o fomdj,g b;d ieye,a¨ njla oekqfKa h' fya l÷ uqÿkg

Èjqfõ h' jï miska uqyqo Èia úh' l÷¿ Odrd folïuq,a Èf.a je.sfr;a u ysi fomig

.eiaiS h' fya ks¾NS; ùug uykais .;af;a h' tfy;a Tyqf.ka bfí u iqiqï msg úh'

Tyq WK jkh ueÈka fõ.fhka ÿjk úg nei hk ysref.a /ia ÿ¾j¾K fjñka

;sfnkq l÷ u;ska o¾Ykh jQfha h' ¾fhdafyhsf.a is; oeka fyd|g u wjq,a ù

f.dia h' iuyr úg tfia jQfha .uka ud¾.h fjkia jQ ksid úh hq;= h' o¾Yk

m:fha fjkia ùu Tyqf.a is; fkdikaiqka njg m;a lf<a h' Tyqf.a we÷ï vyÈfhka

f;;aj ;sì‚' Tyq we| isá lndh ta wjia:dfjys uy;a lrorhla jQfhka ta .,jd

fõ.fhka úis flf<a h' n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqka jQ fya È.g u ÿjkakg jkafka h'

cukdrï j;a;g <x jk úg fyd|g u we¢ß jeà ;sìK' we;eï úg ,siaiñka we;eï

úg .,auq,aj, yefmñka ÿjk w;r “uf.a mK fkdkeiS b;sß jqfKd;a we;s˜ hs

106 107

¾fhdafyhs ;udg lshd .;af;a h'

k.rdka;fhys jevfmd< w÷f¾ u ¾fhdafyhsg Èia jQfha h' túg Tyqg lE.eiSug

is;a úh' tfy;a fya È.g u Èjqfõ h'

k.rhg msúis úg myka oe,afjñka ;sì‚' j;=r wÈk .eyekq o f.dúfmdf<a isg

jev ksu fldg ;u ksfjiaj,g hk ñksiaiq o ¾fhdafyhs y;s ou oud ÿjkq ÿgy'

“fudl o ldrfKa@”hs Tjqyq weiQy' Tyq lsisjla fkd lshd nvq .nvdj o ndn¾ idmamqj o

wdf,dalfhka nn<k ;j;a fkdfhla f.j,a o miq lf<a h'

f.or biairy fodr <Õg meñ‚ úg ¾fhdafyhsg ye`ãu j<lajd .; fkd yels úh'

Tyq y`vkq weiQ uj;a mshd;a Tyq fj; ÿj wdy' uj Tyq <x lr f.k hï lsisjla

lSjd h' tfy;a ¾fhdafyhs w;mh ùis lrñka" bls ì¢ñka È.g u y`vkakg úh' Tyq

fnßyka fokq wid wy, my< .eyekq lSm fofkla l¿jf¾ u t;ekg frdla jQy'

Tyqf.a foudmshka fuka Tjqyq o ye`ãug ldrKh l=ula oehs úuiQy' Tjqka l=ula

weiqj;a Tyq ta .Kklg fkd .;af;a h' Tyq È.g u we`vqfõ h'

ta id úYd, ÿrl;rl isg ÿj toa§ oekqKq ;kslu fldf;la ye`vqj o is;ska neyer

fkd hk nj miq j ¾fhdafyhsg jegyqfKa h'

108 109

wjfndaOh

1' f;dfrdlafldafjka li< wÈk lïlrejka ÿgq ¾fhdafyhsf.a me;=u jQfha l=ula o@

2' ¾fhdafyhs fkd bjis,af,ka n,d isáfha fln÷ wruqKla bgq lr .ekSfï

wNs,dIfhka o@

3' f;dfrdlafldaj ;,a¨ lrñka isá ;reKhka fofokd iu. ñ;% úh hq;= he hs

¾fhdafyhs is;=fõ l=ula ksid o@

4' ;reKhka fofokd b;d úkS; hehs ¾fhdafyhs is;=fõ l=uk fya;= ksid úh

yels o@

5' ¾fhdafyhs ;reKhka iu. fndfyda ÿrla meñK we;s nj yeÕfjk fldgi

flál;dfjka Wmqgd ,shkak'

6' l%ufhka ¾fhdafyhsf.a isf;ys jQ i;=g myj hkakg n,mE fya;= f,i Tn

olskafka fudkjd o@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' zñÈ je,a u; jegqKq nisk ysref.a wdf,dalh l%ufhka wvq jkakg úhZ hk

mßir j¾Kkdfjka ¾fhdafyhsf.a is; úksúo oelsh yels h' fï ms<sn|j Tfí

woyi ,shkak'

2' fuu ks¾udKh Tiafia l;=jrhd <ud uki úksúo oelSug iu;aj ;sfí' by;

m%ldYh úuikak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' wl=;.dj ¾hqfkdiqfl yd chka; úu,fiak fom<f.a idys;H fiajh ms<sn|

f;dr;=re ix.%y lrkak'

108 109

my; oelafjkafka úisjk ishjfia c¾uksfha úiQ iqm%isoaO kdgHlrejl= jk

n¾fgda,aÜ ífrIaÜ úiska rÑ; o fldflaishka fpdala i¾l,a kï kdgHfha

mßj¾;khla f,i fykaß chfiak úiska ksIamdokh lrk ,o yqKqjgfha

l;dj kï kdgHfha wjidk wxlh hs' úis jk ishjfia f,dal kdgH lafIa;%fha

fYa%IaG;uhd ífrIaÜ nj fndfyda úpdrlhkaf.a ms<s.ekSu hs'

kdgH msgm;a rpkh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla Tng ,nd §u fuys wruqK hs' ta i|yd

m%:ufhka fuys oelafjk kdgH fldgi lshjd n,kak'

yqKq jgfha l;dj2 jk wxlh

fmdf;a .=re ( wikq uek oeka whqre úi÷j

úNd.h kvq <orejd .ek

ljqo hk j. kshu uE‚h

Wmldrfhka yqKq j<,af,a

^kQld kqjr úksYaph Yd,dj' miqmiska fyajdhka úiska <ore uhsl,a fõÈldj yryd

f.k hkq ,nhs' orejd fkdfmkS hk ;=re fy,s wfudard .;a fyajdfhda fodrgqj

wi, .DDId kj;d f.k isá;s' fmr ud,s.fha wrlaleñ ia;%sh o .DDId iu. fjhs'

wE;ska fkdfhla Yío' wyi r;a meye f.k we;&

.DDId ( ^f.k hkq ,nk orejd foi weis msh fkd fy<d

n,d isg& oeka ysg u ks¾NS; hs uf.a ore meáhd' oeka

mq¿jka ;kshu w;mh fidao .kav;aæ

wrlaleñ ia;%sh ( WU jdikdjka;sæ fuhd kshu kvqldrfhla fkfuhs'

flfy,au,laj;a fkdokak fínoafola" wivla lsh,d'

uyd m,a fydre ysgka fuhdf.ka fíß,d .syska

;sfhkj' i,a,sldrfhd WK;a w; mqrd m.d fkdfok

yskao o fldfyo idlals mg,jd f.k ÿmam;a wEfhd

fndfyda u f,fyisfhka fír, hjdmq fj,dj,a

;sfhkj'

.DDId ( wo kï ug yeu msysgla u ´kE fõú'

wrlaleñ ia;%sh ( ug f;afrkafk kE WU fudkjg fï .ek fï yeá

jo fjkj o lsh," WfU orefjl=;a fkfuhs fldgæ

Bg;a ymka fï jf. ldf,læ

.DDId ( uuhs yeÿfjæ tA yskao uf.hs orejæ

kdgH msgm;a rpkh

110 111

wrlaleñ ia;%sh ( WU l,amkd lf<a keoao äx.la fï .Eks wdmyq

wdfjd;a fudkj fõú o lsh,@

.DDId ( uq,ska uu ys;=fj wdmyq wdfjd;a orej wdmyq fokjd

lsh,' Bg miafi ux ys;=j wdmyq tk tlla kE lsh,'

wrlaleñ ia;%sh ( WU uyd fudav fl,af,la' tA;a lula kE' WfU ys;

fyd| yskao uu ´kE tfylg Èjqrkakï' îhsuka

iIdjd wE; tkq oel& tA;a WU ihsukag lf<a nrm;<

je/oaola' uu l;d l<d thd tlal' thdg f;afrkafk

kE fï mg,eú,a,'

.DDId ( ^Tyq tkq oel& thdg f;afrkafk ke;akï ug oeka

fj,d kE ´j lshd È§ bkak'

wrlaleñ ia;%sh ( orej Wfò fkfuhs lsh, thdg f;afrkjd' tA;a WU

lido ne| f.k bkak ksid uefrk ;=re wdfh thdg

WUj ,nd .kak nE lshk tl f;afrkafk kE thdgæ

^.DDId" ihsuka tkq oel Tyq yd iskdfihs'&

ihsuka ( ^wi,g ú;a nl=iq f,i& uu fï we;a;sg lshka wdfj

orej uf.a h lsh, uu Èjqrkak iQodkï njhs'

.DDId ( msx whs;s fjhs ihsukaæ

ihsuka ( tA tlal u uu lshkak wdfj" tA ksid uu lsis fohla

n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjk nj'

wrlaleñ ia;%sh ( fudkj n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkak o@ okafk keoao thd

lido ne|, nj@

ihsuka ( wms okakj' Th yeá u;la lr fokak ´ke kE tA

.ekæ

^fyajdfhla meñfKhs&

fyajdhd ( flda@ fldfy o kvqldrh@ ljqre;a tfyu ±lal o

kvqldrhdj@

fyajdfhla ( ^we;=<;ska ú;a& kvqldrh kE' mqgq ln,l=hs ysia jhska

fcda.a.=jl=hs wer fjk fudlj;a kE f.a yßfhj;aæ

^kgd,shd iy msßi meñfK;s'&

kgd,shd ( tl fyd|lg ;sfhkafk" idudkH hlal= kE fu;k'

ug bjikak nE Wkaf. odäh .|' tAl keyehg

oeksÉp yeáfh ug ysfia weïu w,a,kjæ

1 jk kS;s{hd ( lshk lrk foa .ek lreKdlr álla m%fõiï fjkak

´ke" wmg fjk kvqldrfhla ,efnk ;=re'

110 111

kgd,shd ( uu fudl=;a lsõfj kE bf,da iqfnd,dâfiaæ uu yß

wdofrhs ñksiaiqkagæ wysxil ÿmam;a ñksiaiqkagæ tA

f.d,a,kaf. odäh .| ;uhs ug reiaikafk ke;af;æ

2 jk kS;s{hd ( jeä fik.la bkak tlla kE' wy, my< ;j u

ler,s flda,dy, ksid ñksiaiq ;j u f.j,a we;=f<'

kgd,shd ( ^.DDId fj;& wr bkafk tAls o@

1 jk kS;s{hd ( msx isoao fjhs ue;sksh" wdÈmdo;=ud w¨;a kvqldrfhla

m;a lrk ;=re wms álla lg m%fõiï lr f.k bkak

´kE' fï kvqldrhg tfyu weyqfKd;a Tfydu foaj,a

lshkj" wmg fyd|g ysákafk kE tAl' wms yeu

fohla u fhdod ;sfhkafk w¨;a kvqldrfhla m;a

lrkak'

^;j;a fyajdfhda meñfK;s'&

wrlaleñ ia;%sh ( kvqldrhd wivla fkdfjhs kï wr .Eks

fu,ylg;a Wfò fliai .,j, wr f.kæ

^fyajdhka nd,alhla u; f;dKavqjla .eg .ikq fmfka' hoïj,ska n¢kq ,enQ

wivla yd Ijqjd f.k tkq ,n;s' f.dúfhda ;sfok miqmiska t;s'&

fyajdfhla ( .,jm,a, uqf. f,da.=j uQ t,a,kak biairæ

^Tyq wivlag w;ska wkS' f.dúfhda yd fyajdfhda

wivlaf.a f,da.=j bj;a lr;s' Tyqf.a ls,sá hg we÷ï

fmfka' ;j tflla Tyqg mhska .ihs'&

;j;a fyajdfhla ( ^wivla ;,a¨ lrñka& ka w,a,m,a, kvqldr mSmamhlaæ

^—w,a,mshõ˜ —§mshõ˜ wdÈh lshñka Tjqyq wivla tydg;a fuydg;a ;,a¨ lr;s'

wivla fjfyiska ìu jefÜ' túg Tyq Wiaid f;dKavqj wi,g f.k hkq ,efí'&

kgd,shd ( ^w;afmd<ika foñka fï ish,a, foi n,d isg& fyd|

jefâæ ug fmakak nerej ysáfh Th uQi,hjæ

wivla ( ûqyqfKka f,a fmrñka& ug fudl=;a fmakafk kEæ ug

§m,a, frÈ lE,a,laæ

fyajdfhla ( fudkj o ;uqfig n,kak ´kE@

wivla ( f;dmsj" n,a,fka" f;dmsjæ ^Tyq w;ska f,a msi oud

.kS& n,a,fka" f;dmsg iqn WoEikla fõjdæ n,dm,a,d

f;dms <Õ ;j nQÜ im;a;=jla tfyu ;sfhkj o lsh,

ug mhska tlla wkskakæ

^fldamar,a flfkl=;a iu. ¥ú,s ;ejreK wirefjla ths' Tyq yï nE.hlska

,shú,a,la t<shg .kS' th f.k wjg n,d&

112 113

wirejd ( kj;a;m,a,dæ uy wdÈmdo;=udf.ka ikafoaYhla

wrf.khs fï weú;a bkafk w¨;a u m;a lsÍï .ekæ

fldamar,a ( ^.=.=rñka& ksYaYío fjkqæ

wirejd ( kQld kqjr kvqldr moúh iïnkaO j uyd wdÈmdo;=ud

fï úêhg m;aùula lr ;sfhkj( —fï rgg b;d u

ohdnr jQ Ôú;hla .e,ùu fya;= fldg f.k tla;rd

mqoa.,fhla" kQld kqjr wivla kue;s mqoa.,hdj wms

úksYaphldr moúhg m;a lrkj'˜ flda tA mqoa.,hd@

Ijqjd ( ^wivla olajñka& wr bkafk Wkakefya ;uhsæ

fldamar,a ( ^.=.=rñka& f;dmsg T,audo yeÈ, o@ fudlla o fï

lrkafk@

fyajdfhla ( iud jkakæ wivla;=ud úksYaphldr moúfha ;uhs

ysáfhæ kuq;a fukak fï bvï ysñhkaf. meñ‚,a,la

ksid uyd wdÈmdo;=udg úreoaO flfkla yeáhg

ys;df.k fufyu lrkak isoaO jqfKa'

fldamar,a ( ^f.dùka fmkajd& weoka m,h,a, uqxj ysr f.g'

^Tjqyq f.k hkq ,n;s' hk w;r Tjqyq keñ keó

wdpdr lr;s& n,d .ks,a, óg miafi tfyu wivla

úksYaphldr;=udg ysßyerhla lr ;snqfKd;aæ

^fldamar,a iy wirejd msg fj;s'&

wrlaleñ ia;%sh ( Îjqjdg& wrh wmamqä .eyeõjd' kvqldrh oelal kï

tfyu" n,d.kak mq¿jka fi,a,uæ

1 jk kS;s{hd ( fïl yß u úm;a;shlaæ

^wivla isys uQ¾Pd ù isà' Tyqg h<s;a kvqldr f,da.=j m,|jkq ,efí' Tyq jeks jekS

fyajdhka fj; hhs'&

fyajdfhla ( Tn;=udg wjYH fohla tfyu ;sfhkj o@

wivla ( ;sfhkjæ b|, ysg, f;dms tfll=f. fydïng

mhska mdrla fokakæ Îjqjd olajd& uu fudyqj ksoyia

lrkjd' Îjqjdf.a hoï uqokq ,efí& .syska f.fkõ

ug r;= jhska fcda.=jla" fyd| ier cd;sfhka' Îjqjd

msg fjhs' fyajdhkag& m,hõ hkak fu;kskaæ ug

kvqjla úi|kak ;sfhkjd' Îjqjd jhska /f.k ths'

wivla th tl yqiaug fndhs& uf. mmqj llshkjæ

Îjqjd kS;s fmd; wdikh u; ;nhs' wivla tys jdä

fjhs' ^jg msg n,d rjñka" w; È.= lr& uu .kakjdæ

^l,n, j liql=iqjla meje;ajQ meñ‚,sldrfhda iekis,s iqiqï fy<ñka isky my<

112 113

lr;s' Tjqyq ryia lshkq fmfka'&

wrlaleñ ia;%sh ( wfmdhs fohshfkaæ

ihsuka ( msks Èfhka <s|la mqrjkak neye lshkjæ

kS;s{fhla ( ^wivla wi,g tñka - ke.S isák wivla

ikaf;daIfhka w; md Tyqf.ka uqo,a ,nhs'&

uy úldr kvqjla uyd wêlrK;=uksæ ú;a;sldßh

orefjla fydrlï lr f.k .syska oeka wdmyq fokak

nE lshkj'

wivla ( ^.DDId fj; w; È.= lrñka& yaïæ fyd| lvjiï

;eke;a;shla' ^Tyq ikaf;daIfhka uqo,a w;.d

idlal=jg oud .ksñka jdä fjhs'& uu kvqj wdrïN

lrkj' yeu flfkl=f.ka u i;Hh n,dfmdfrd;a;=

fjkjæ ^.DDIdg& úfYaIfhka u fï ;eke;a;shf.kaæ

1 jk kS;s{hd ( uyd wêlrK;=uks" mer‚ lshukla ;sfhkj reêrh

c,hg jvd oeäh lsh,' fï uyÕ= lshuk'''

wivla ( Bg l,ska uydêlrKh oek .ekSug i;=gqhs

uqkakefyf. .dia;=j lSho lsh,'

^1 jk kS;s{hd mqÿu ù n,d isà' wivla weÕs,s w;=,a,d h<s;a bÕsfhka wihs'&

1 jk kS;s{hd ( fï m%Yakh álla widudkH m%Yakhla uydêlrK;=uks"

tA;a oek .kak wjYH u kï" uf.a .dia;=j ß§

mkaiShhs'

114 115

wivla ( oek .ekSug w;HjYH u ldrKhlaæ yaï" oeka lshuq

wr reêrh .ek l;dj'

1 jk kS;s{hd ( ^keó wdpdr lrñka& tfyuhs" uydêlrK;=uks"

uydêlrK;=uks" iEu neïulg u jeäh ;o

neïula ;uhs reêr neïu' ujl=;a orejl=;a w;r we;s

reêr neïuæ Bg jvd W;a;Í;r neïula uq¿ f,dal

Od;=fõ u ke;s nj uydêlrK;=ud ms<s.kakjd

we;s' uydêlrK;=uks" ujlf.a welfhka orefjla

Wÿrd .kak mq¿jks o@ ord isáh yels l%shdjla o th@

fm%aufha fõokdfjka ms<sis| .;a orejd ujla úiska

ish .¾Nfha Wiq,d isákq ,nkj' wef.a f,hska orejd

fmdaIKh lrkq ,nkjd' fõokdfjka orejd ìys lrkq

,nkjd' uydêlrK;=uks" jkfha ießirk l%Er;r

jHd>% fèkqj mjd ish orejd ke;s jQ úg fYdal .skak

ord .kq neß j le,Ej fojk;a lrkj¨æ uq¿ iajNdj

O¾uhd u''''

wivla ( ^l;dj kj;ñka .DDIdg& fudkj o fï je,ajgdrï

.ek hqIau;shg lshkak ;sfhkafk@

.DDId ( orej uf.aæ

wivla ( yaï" tÉpr o lshkak ;sfhkafk@ hqIau;shg tAl Tmamq

lrka mq¿jka fõú lsh, ux n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd'

t;fldg hqIau;sh ys;kafk Th jpk fol wy, fï

orejf. whs;sh hqIau;shg uu mjrd foa h lsh," tA@

.DDId ( uu ug mq¿jka yeáhg orejj yod .;a;d' ux

nv.skafk ;sífn kE orejj' mq¿jka fohla lkak

fndkak ÿkak' yeu ;siafi u jf.a fldfya yß jy,la

hg bkak ie,eiaiqj' uu WK ngj,ska fi,a,ï nvq

yod ÿkak orejg' uf.a wf;a ;snqKq ;=Ügq fol úhoï

lr, lsß ál wrka ÿkak' wy, my< <uhska tlal

iKavq irej,a fkdlr fyd¢ka bkak b.ekakqj' fmdä

ldf, b|, u jev m< lrk yeá lshd ÿkakd' tA;a ;j

u weì;a;ka meáhdæ

1 jk kS;s{hd ( uydêlrK;=uks" Tn;=udg fmakj we;s fï ;eke;a;sh

fï orejd iïnkaO j lsis u f,a kElulg ysñlï

fkdlshk nj'

wivla ( Tõ Tõ" ug fmakj'

114 115

1 jk kS;s{hd ( tfyuhs uydêlrK;=uks" uydêlrK;=uks" uu

;uqkakdkafiaf.ka ne.Em;a j b,a,d isákjd fï

orejdf. ujg - fï ishque,s ldka;djg jpkhla l;d

lrkak bv fokak lshd' iajdñhd;a ke;s j" orejd;a

wysñ j" fYdalfhka mSä; jQ wjdikdjka; ia;%shla fï

kgd,shd wnIaú,a,s ue;skshæ

kgd,shd ( ^fiñka& ug w;a ù we;s oreKq brKñka ñ§ug fï

orejd kej; ,nd fok f,i Tn;=udf.ka hgy;a j

b,a,d isákj" kvqldr;=uks" ujla jYfhka uu úkao

fõokd" ysßyeræ ksÈ ke;sj .; l<'''

2 jk kS;s{hd ( ^lvd mksñka& fï ia;%shg i,lk yeá b;d u

kskaÈ; hs' ñh .sh wef.a iajdñmqreIhf. ud,s.djg;a

we;=¿ fjkak bvla kE fï ia;%shgæ j;=msáj, wdodhï

weysß,dæ lsis u ys;la mmqjla ke;sj wEg lshkj

Tgqkak ysñ l=udrh ke;sj tA lsis fohla wEg fokak

nE lsh,' lsis u fohla lr .kak nE fï ukqiaihg

fld¨ meáh ke;s yskaoæ kS;s{hkag j;a f.jd .kak

úÈhla kEæ

^fï jpkj,ska l,n, jQ 1 jk kS;s{hd Tyq je<lSug w;ska ix{d lrk úg&

uf.a ñ;% bf,da iqfnd,dâfia" fudl o wms fï

ldrKdj t<s l<d u we;s je/oao@ wnIaú,a,s

j;=msáj,g whs;shla keoao Th fld¨ meáhg jf.a u

fï ukqiaihg@

1 jk kS;s{hd ( lreKdlr b|.kak ikafod Tfnd,dâfiaæ fï .ek

i|yka fkd lrkak wms tlÕ jqKd' ^wivlag&

uydêlrK;=uks" wnIaú,a,s j;=msá iïnkaO j

m%Yakhl=;a ;sfhkjd ;uhs fï kvqfj ;Skaÿj Wv'

tA;a Bg jvd fmruqfKa ;sfhkafk wr uu l,ska lsõj

jf.a fï ujla ms<sn|j we;s udkqIsl fÄojdplh hs'

oeka äx.lg biair fj,d fï ;eke;a;sh yo lïmd

jk úÈhg Tn;=udg fmkajd §mq mßÈ fï uhsl,a

wnIaú,a,s kue;s orejd fuu j;=msá Ok iïNdrhg

Wreuldrhd jqK;a fkdjqK;a tAl fkfuhs

uydêlrK;=uks m%Yakh' fï ujlf. yoj; we;=<;

nqr nqrd k.sk ÿla .skaorhsæ

116 117

wivla ( lreKdlr fmdâvlg kj;skak' j;=msá ms<sn|j

fÄojdplh .ek l:d lrk fldg uydêlrK;=udf.

mmqj m;a;= fjkj" msßisÿ ukqIH yeÕSï ms<sn|

ixfla;hlaæ

2 jk kS;s{hd ( tfyuhs uydêlrK;=uks" orejd /f.k .sh fï ia;%sh

orejdf. uj fkd jk nj Tmamq lsÍug wms iQodkï'

uydêlrKh bÈßfha wms tA lreKq oeka bÈßm;a

lrkjd' wêlrK;=uks" lsishï wjdikdjka; isÿùï

je,la ksid uhsl,a wnIaú,a,s lshk fï orejd ud,s.d

ìfï oud hkak isoao jqKd Tyqf. ujg - fï uyÕ=

ldka;djg - le/,a,g nfha wE mek hk wjia:dfõ §æ

.DDId kue;s wr bkak fufyldr ia;%sh tod tA mdial=

bßod ojfi fï orejd wi, .ejiqK nj'''

wrlaleñ ia;%sh ( iajdñ¥ l,amkd lf<a f.kshk we÷ï .ek ú;rhs'

2 jk kS;s{hd ( ^th fkd ;ld& Bg wjqreoaolg muK miq fï .DDId

lshk ia;%sh l÷ m%dka;hg msúiqKd fï orej;a iu.'

tys § wE wdjdyhla lr .;a;'

wivla ( fldfydu o hqIau;S l÷ m%dka;hg .sfha@

.DDId ( ux .sfha mhska' orej uf.aæ

ihsuka ( orejf. mshd uuhs úksYaphldr;=uks"

wrlaleñ ia;%sh ( orejd n,d .;af; uuhs yduqÿrejfka ß§ mylgæ

2 jk kS;s{hd ( fï ñksid fï ;eke;a;sh iu. újdy .súi .;a

;eke;af;la' tu ksid Tyqf. idlaIs jeo.;a kE

uydêlrK;=uksæ

wivla ( l÷ m%dka;fha § wdjdy lr .;af; WUj o@

ihsuka ( kE úksYaphldr;=uks" wE wdjdy lr .;af; ÿmam;a

f.dúfhlaæ

wivla ( ^.DDIdg& wehs hqIau;sh tfyu lf<a@ fï ñksyd fyd|

uÈ o@

.DDId ( ux lido nekafo fï orejd ksid' orejg fkd f;ó

bkak f.orla Wjukd ksid' îhsuka olajd& fuhd

hqoafog .syska ysáfh'

wivla ( ±ka Tyqg hqIau;sh jqjukd lrkj" tA@

ihsuka ( uu idlaIs jYfhka lshkak i;=gqhs'''''

.DDId ( ^fldamfhka& uu oeka ksoyia .Eksfhla fkfuhs

yduqÿrejfkaæ

116 117

wivla ( t;fldg fï orej@ ovdjf;a .syska ,nd .;a; orefjla

fkao@ ^.DDId ksYaYío h& uu tl m%Yakhla wykj

hqIau;shf.ka' fldhs úêfh orefjla o fï orejd@

ld,lKa‚fhl=f. ld,lKa‚ meáfhla o@ tfyu

ke;akï jeo.;a mjq,l tfll=f. meáfhla o@

.DDId ( ^fldamfhka& orejd idudkH meáfhla'

wivla ( ux wykafk kïnqldr fmkqula tfyu ;snqK o uq,

b|,@

.DDId ( uu okafk kE uQK ueo kyhla ;snqKdæ

wivla ( yaï" tAl fndfydu jeo.;a W;a;rhla' yaï" uu jeäÿr

hkafk kE' ^ú;a;shg& WU,f. fndre ;j fldf;l=;a

wykafk kE uuæ ^.DDIdg& úfYaIfhka u Wfò

fndrej,g lka fokafk kE uuæ WU, Tlafldu

fydreæ uu okakj WU,f. fimamv úÊcdæ

.DDId ( ^fldamfhka ysá yeáfha& wms;a okakj Tfyaf. fimamv

úÊcd' wms oelal wr me;af;ka yïn jqK fmdÈhæ

wivla ( ksYaYío fjkqæ WfUka fudl=;a .;af; kEfk uuæ

.DDId ( ^wrlaleñ ia;%sh wE je<elaùug W;aidy lrk w;r&

ug fokak fohla kE'

wivla ( yßæ yßhg yßæ ysÕkakkaf.ka lsis fohla kE ug'

tA;a kS;sh ´kE WU, yefudag u' WU, uia rd;a;,la

.kak hk fldg i,a,s f.kshkjd' ud <Õg tkj

hqla;sh ,nd .kak w;a fol jk jkd" u<jqkaf.

odfkg tkj jf.æ

ihsuka ( ^Wiayçka& wYajhg ,dvï .yk fldg ll=f, bkak

ueiai wKav biaiqj¨æ

wivla ( ^wNsfhda.h ikaf;daIfhka ms<s.ksñka& uQÿ m,af,

;sfhk uq;= wefÜg jeä jákj¨ f.du f.dfâ

;sfhk fodU wefÜæ

ihsuka ( —fyd| wmQre ojila - huq ì<S ndkak˜ lsõj¨ ìï

mKqjæ

wivla ( —uf.a iajdñhd uu hs˜ lsõj ¨ fufyldrhd' lsh,

;ukaf. u fn,a, lmd .;a; ¨æ

ihsuka ( —WU, uf.a orefjd˜ lsõj¨ id¾;=ud' ñksiqkag lsh,"

Wkaf. ysi .id oeïu ¨æ

wivlaa ( fudavhf. krl u i;=r ;udu ¨æ

118 119

ihsuka ( jd;hg kyhla ke;s ¨æ

wivla ( Widúfha wiNH jpk mdúÉÑ l<dg ß§ oyhla ov

.ykj' kS;sh fudlla o f;af¾ú t;fldgæ

.DDId ( ñkS urk kS;shla fïlæ wmg fufyu i,lkafk

wms ÿmam;a yskao" wms <Õ odäh .| .yk ksid" wr

wín.d;a Wkakefy, bkak whg jf.a wmg i¿ ms<s

ke;s ksidæ

wivla ( Tõ' tA l;dj yßæ

.DDId ( orej wr Wkaoeg fokak Tfyag ´kE lr, ;sfhkjd'

tA;a Wkoe okafk kE orej f;ud .;a;u froao udre

lrkak j;a' tÉprg iqfldu,hs Wkao,æ

wivla ( tAfl;a lsishï i;Hhla ;sfhkj' tA jqK;a ß§ úiaila

ov .ykj wiNH foa u;la l<dg Widúfhaæ

.DDId ( úiai ;sy WK;a ug lula kE' uu lsh,

fokakï Tfyaf. kS;sh .ek' Tfya okak bá f.ähla

kE kS;sh .ek' Tfya kslï fnß fjÉp ÆKq ìllaæ

^jlalv levqjdla fia& fudloao Tfyag ;sfhk

hq;=lu wmg fï úêhg kskaod lrkak@ yßhg Tfya

kvqldrlu úkakUq wïuf.ka wrf.k wdj jf.aæ

Tfya kvqldrfhla jqfKa mrK mskla m, §,æ Tfya

m.dldrfhlaæ l=Kq f.dvj,a wjqiaik lerfmd;af;laæ

^wivlaf.a uqyqK m%S;sfhka msïî ;sfnkq fmfka' Tyq ke.S isg hIaáh f.k fïihg

.ihs' tfy;a tfia lrkqfha .DDIdf.a l:dfõ fõ.hg wkq;d,h ;nkakdla fuks'&

uf.a W.=r llshkj" ke;akï ug mq¿jka ;j;a foaj,a

lshkak Tfya .ek' Tfyag mq¿jka uf.a orej wrf.k

Wkao,g Ndr fokak uu ÿmam;a wysxil .Eksfhla

ksid' tA;a Tfya kvqldrfhla fkfuhs" ;laläfhlaæ

uf.daäfhlaæ yq<x fnda,hlaæ jd; mSmamhlaæ

^weh fjfyiska y;s ,kq fmfka&

wivla ( ^jdä fjñka& yaï" tA l:djg ß§ ;syla ovhs' fu;k

;enEreula lsh, ys;=j o Th úÈhg l:d lrkak@ tA

fldfydu jqK;a hqIau;shf. kvqj uu állg l,a

oukj' flda wr Èlalidohla ´keh lshmq fcdavqj@

Îjqjdg& f.fkuq tA fokakj' fï kvqj úkdä

myf<djlg l,a oukj uu'

1 jk kS;s{hd ( ^kgd,shdg& oeka nh fjkak fohla kE' kvqj wfma

wf;a' wdfh fjk idlalshla ´ke kEæ

118 119

wrlaleñ ia;%sh ( ^.DDIdg& fudav fl,a,æ Tkak WU jefâ j,a lr .;a;æ

oeka b;ska orej ,efnkafk kE WUg'

kgd,shd ( I,ajd" flda uf. ´äfldf,dx l=mamsh@

^b;d uy¨ hqj<la t;s'&

wivla ( uu .kakjæ ûy¨ whg th fkdf;af¾'& ug wdrxÑhs

uqkaoe,g Èlalidohla ´keh lsh,' fldÉpr l,a o

uqkaoe, ne|, oeka@

uy¨ ia;%sh ( wjqreÿ y;<syhs yduqÿrejfka'

wivla ( fudl o Èlalido fjkak fya;=j@

uy¨ ñksyd ( ug fïlsj reiaikafk kE yduqÿrejfkaæ

uy¨ ia;%sh ( ug;a tfyuhs yduqÿrejfkaæ

wivla ( ljo b|, o@

uy¨ ia;%sh ( uq, b|, u yduqÿrejfkaæ

wivla ( fyd|hs" uu tA .ek l,amkd lr, ;Skaÿj fokj ;j

állska fï wksla kvqj bjr jqKd u'

Îjqjd Tjqka wdmiq f.k hhs'&

yaï ug orej n,kak ´kE' ^.DDId wi,g le|jd"

ldre‚l j fuka weh fj; keó& WU fndfydu

wmQre l:djla l<d' tA;a fï orej Wfò fkfuhs nj

ug fmakjd' b;ska Wfò WKd h lsh, fhdaÈfh WU

leu;s keoao orej fmdai;a fjkjg@ WU fï orej

Wfò fkfuhs lsh, lshdmq yeáfh orejg ud,s.djla

yïn fjkjd' wiaj.df, wiamfhd ,efnkjæ fodrlv

ysÕkafkd ,efnkjæ hqoafog fyajdfhd ,efnkjæ

ñÿf, fm;aiïldrfhd ,efnkjæ fudl o lshkafk@

WU leu;s keoao orej fmdai;a fjkjg@

^.DDId ksYaYíoh'&

fmdf;a .=re ( fldam jQ oeßh láka msg fkdlr is;ska is;+ foa

fufia h(

we;s uq;a ñ‚ uq;= wnrK

Èkq uq;a iïm;a wmuK

jqj fyd;a rc kmqre fjf;a

reÿ j. j,iqka ú,fia

WU ñksfyla fjhka mqf;a

l=i .sks fjhs tl u i;=re

w÷rg ìh fjhka mqf;a

ysre t<shg ìh fkdu ùæ

120 121

wivla ( ia;%sh" Wfò woyia ug jegfykjæ

.DDId ( ^ysáyeáfha u Wia yçka& uu fokafk kE uf.a ore

meáhjæ uuhs W! yeÿfjæ W! udj w÷kkjdæ

Îjqjd orejd /f.k ths'&

kgd,shd ( orej we|f.k bkafk lvud¨æ

.DDId ( tAl we;a; fkfuhs' ug fj,djla ;snqfK kE w¨;a

cx.sh wkaokakæ

kgd,shd ( W!re uvqjl o fldfy o fïls b|, ;sfhkafkæ

.DDId ( ^ksï ysï ke;s fldamfhka& uu Bßfhla fkfuhs'

fu;k bkakj tfyu wh;aæ fldfya o Tfya orej

od, .sfha mek, hk fldg@

kgd,shd ( ysgmsh ux f;dg fmkakkak jkpr fmf¾;sæ

^weh .DDId fj; lvd mekSug ;e;a lrhs' kS;s{jre

weh k;r lr w,a,d f.k isá;s& fïls mÜg fyrla'

fïlsg li mdr fokak ´k fu;k uæ

2 jk kS;s{hd ( ^wef.a uqj w;lska jiñka& iqfldu, kgd,shd

ue;sksh Tn fmdfrdkaÿ jqKd''' uydêlrK;=uks"

meñ‚,sldßhf. ys; mmqj WKq fj,dæ

wivla ( ú;a;sfhkq;a meñ‚,af,kq;a bÈßm;a l< ldrKdj,g

fuu wêlrKh fndfydu m%fõifuka

lkaÿkakd' tA;a ;SrKhlg t<fUkak neß jqKd'

wêlrKfha úksYaphlre jYfhka fuu orejdg

ujla f;dard §u wfma hq;=lula' tA ksid wms tA .ek

mÍlaIKhla mj;ajkjd' Ijqjd" yqKq lE,a,la wrf.k

úksYaph Yd,dj ueo jghla w¢kak ´kE' ^Tyq tfia

lrhs& oeka orejj yqKq jgh ueoafoka ;shuq' Îjqjd

tfia lrhs' jgh ueo isg uhsl,a .DDId yd iskd fihs'&

oeka fï fokak u jgh <Õ ysg .ksuq' îa;%Syq fofok

tfia lr;s'& orejd yqKqjgfhka t<shg weo .kak

mq¿jka ;eke;a;sh kshu uj yeáhg wms úksYaph

lrkj'

2 jk kS;s{hd ( ^blaukska& uydêlrK;=uks" uu fï mÍlaIKhg

úreoaO;ajh m%ldY lrkj' Tgqkak ysñ l=udrh

jYfhka wnIaú,a,s j;= msá" ud,s.d" Ok OdkH wdÈ

ish,a,la u fï orejd iu. ne£ ;sfhkj' tu Ok

iïNdrh fujeks wúksYaÑ; fmdrhla u; úi£u

whqla;s iy.; nj uu wjOdrKfhka lshd isákj' tA

wereKq fldg" w; mfha jevm< lr mqreÿ ú;a;sldßhg

120 121

;rï iú Yla;shla fï ishque,s meñ‚,sldßhg we;ehs

lshd ys;kak wudrehsæ

wivla ( tfyu fidaudßlula fmakafk kE ugæ yaï" wÈuq'

^kgd,shd ;u me;a;g orejd weo .kS' orejd w;yßk

.DDId ìhm;a j n,d isáhs& fudl o fj,d ;sfhkafk@

uu oelafl kE wÈkjæ

.DDId ( ug yßhg w,a, .kak neß jqKd'

1 jk kS;s{hd ( ^kgd,shdg w;g w; foñka& fudl o uu lsõfj@

f,aj, neïuæ

.DDId ( ^wivla fj; ÿjñka& kvqldr yduqÿrejfka"

;uqkakdkafi .ek uu lshdmq yeu fohla u

jerÈ hsæ uu ;uqkakdkafif.ka iudj b,a,kjæ yßhg

l;d lrkak bf.k .kak ;=re j;a orejd ug ,nd

fokak yduqÿrejfkaæ orej ;j u jpk fol ;=khs

okafkæ

wivla ( weúá,sj,ska Widúhg n,mdkak W;aidy fkdlrk

f,i uu hqIau;shg wjjdo lrkj' Th yeá

W.kajkak jpk fol ;==klg jvd hqIau;sh j;a

okakj we;ehs lshd uu ys;kafk kE' fyd|hs' uu ;j

tl ierhla fuu mÍlaIKh mj;ajkj" yßhg oek

.kak'

îa;%Syq fofok fomiska isg .ks;s'& yaï wÈuqæ

122 123

^h<ss;a .DDId orejd w;yßhs&

.DDId ( ^wirKj& uuhs yeÿfjæ orej folg brkak o ug

lshkafk@ ug nE tfyu lrkakæ

wivla ( ^ke.S isáñka& fï wdldrhg orejf. i;H uj ljqo

lsh, Widúh úksYaph lrkjd' ^.DDIdg& hqIau;shf.

orej wrf.k Widúfhka msg fjkak mq¿jka' fï

k.rfh jeä l,a fkdhs| msg fj,d hk tl fyd|hs

lsh, uu wjjdo lrkj' ^kgd,shdg& jxpd l<dg

ov .ykak biair fu;kska msg fjkjd fyd|hs'

hqIau;shf. j;= msá k.r iNdjg whs;s fjkjd'

<ud <mákag fi,a,ï lrkak msÜgkshla jYfhka

fhdojkj hqIau;shf. j;= msá' Ijqjd" uu ;SrKh

l<d tAlg uf.a ku fhdokak - —wivla WoHdkh˜

lsh,æ

^kgd,shd isys ke;s j jefghs' wef.a msßi úiska wE j;a;ï lr f.k hkq ,nhs'

wkaoukao jQ .DDId yqka ;ek u isákq fmfka' Ijqjd orejd weh wi,g f.k hhs'&

oeka b;ska uu kvqldr f,da.=j .,jd oukjd' fïl

fndfydu ier jeähs ux jf.a ñksfyl=g' ùrfhla

fjkak Wmka ñksfyla fkfuhs uuæ

122 123

ûy¨ fcdavqj t;s&

Tkak ug u;l ke;s jqKd' Ijqjd" flda wr lido

fmd; f.fkka fï f.d,a,kaf. lidfo lgq .dkak'

^mqgqj u; fmd; ;nd tyss hula lgq .d oud h<s Ijqjd

w;g § hkakg yefrhs&

Ijqjd ( ^th n,d& tA;a fïl jerÈhs' jerÈ fcdavqjfk Èlalido

lr ;sfhkafk' kdls fcdavqj fkfuhs fï Èlalido

lr ;sfhkafk" .DDIdæ

wivla ( yenEgæ I# ug jerÈ,dæ yaï oeka kï b;ska lrkak

fohla kE' l< foa fjkia lrk ñksfyla fkfjhs

uuæ tfyu lf<d;a fï rfÜ kS;sh mj;ajkafk

fldfydu o@ uy¨ hqj<g& lula kE iSfha" tA fjkqjg

huq uu;a tlalæ .syska fcdavqj u .yuq fmdä wähla

uu;a tlalæ ^.DDIdg yd ihsukag& yaï" ß§ y;<syhs

lido ldisæ

ihsuka ( ^miqïìh wÈñka& tA .dkg fndfydu ,dnhs kvqldr

yduqÿrejfkaæ fohshkaf. msysghsæ mksk ß<jqkag b‚

ux n¢kj¨ iuyreæ

wivla ( fok fohsfhd fgdl= wek wek fokj¨æ uqo,a idlal=fõ

oud .kS'& i,a,s w; .Efjk fldg;a wdfh u f,da.=j

oud .kak ysf;kj' ûy¨ fcdavqj yd Ijqjd iu. msg

fjhs'&

.DDId ( ^wrlaleñ ia;%sh ikaf;daIfhka n,d isák w;r

uhsl,ag uoehs" tfykï wms kqjßka hkak ´k wo

?u" tA uhsl,a@

ihsuka ( lido ldis;a f.jmq ksid b,kaodß .Ekq <uhf.ka

hula wykak ;sfhkj ug'''

.DDId ( ihsukaæ ihsukaæ b,kaodß .Ekq <uh leu;shs ´kE

flfy,au,lgæ ûhsl,a iu. kgñka&

wmam Wfò fydr fogqjd

wïu yßu l=klgqjd

tA yskaod mqf;a WUg

uq¿ f,dafl u oK kudú

lkao Wäka wms hkafka

lfrka WUj f.kshkafka

w;ska w;g .ksñkafka

lrmskakd f.k hkafkaæ

124 125

^Tjqyq ikaf;daIfhka kgñka msg fj;s'&

fmdf;a .=re ( úod w;a ;, fok fkd fok foa /f.k

fyda fkdu /f.k fmdÿfõ

ksodkhlska /f.k fok fuka

hqla;s O¾uh ieug fnÿfõ

tod msg jQ úksiqrE tA h<s;a ke;

lsis Èkl ÿgqfõ

fuod jk ;=re Tyqf. wK .=K

okka ;=v ;=v ;j o lshfõ

fn¥ tu kS;sh

È.= fkdjQ flá hq.h tA rg

iaj¾Kuh hq.hla u jQ nj

okka ;=v ;=v ;j;a mejfihs

yqKq jgh ms<sn|

weiQ fumqj; ifí úh;=ks

mejiQ f,i ok mqrdfKa

;nd .kq uek isf;ys fujok

fohla fõ kï hï

iqÿiaidg u whs;s úh hq;=

u lshk f,i fuf,o

,eìh hq;= wh u h ,eìh hq;=

ujq .=Kh we;s wh

orejka Èksh hq;= fjh

ßheÿre ukd jQ

,eìh hq;= jQ fia u wia ßh

uqÿ .=Kh we;s wh


f.dú ok ukd jQ

Èksh hq;= jQ fiau .ï ìï'

kdgH l,dj iÔj l,djls'

124 125

fõÈld kdgH l,dj iÔj l,djla ùug fya;= jk lreKq lsysmhls'

² rx..; lrk fudfydf;a u kerôh yels ùu

² fma%laIl m%;spdr ta fudfydf;a u ,o yels ùu

² rx..; lrk fudfydf;a hï jrola isÿ jqj fyd;a ixialrKh l<

fkd yels ùu

ldjHh" .S;h" Ñ;%h" ix.S;h" k¾;kh wdÈ ish,a, tla;eka jk l,d udOHhls'

kdgHhla ìys lsÍu ;ks mqoa.,hl=f.a mßY%uhl m%;sM,hla fkd fõ' lsysm fokl=f.a

iydh ta i|yd wjYH fõ' kdgH rplhd" kdgH wOHlaIjrhd" k¿ ks<shka" miq;,

ks¾udK Ys,amSka" wx. rpkd Ys,amSka" rx.df,dal ks¾udK Ys,amSka" rx. jia;%dNrK

ks¾udKh lrkakka" ix.S; ks¾udK Ys,amSka" fma%laIlhka yd úpdrlhka wdÈh ta

i|yd kso¾Yk fia oelaúh yels h'

zkdgHh hkq l=ula o@ hkakg w¾: olajk Nr;uqks m`äjrhd fufia mjihs(

zñksia Ôú;fha § uqyqK mdkakg isÿ jk hï iem fyda ÿla iys; wjia:djla fõ o

th wdx.sl wdÈ wNskh i;ßka oelajQ úg kdgHh hs'"

- kdgH Ydia;%h

wNsk i;r fyj;a p;=¾úO wNskh hkq l=ula o hkak ms<sn|j;a kdgH Ydia;%h

kï .%ka:fha i|yka fjhs'

1' wdx.sl wNskh - wx. p,k ud¾.fhka woyia m%ldY lsÍu'

2' jdÑl wNskh - jpk ud¾.fhka woyia m%ldY lsÍu' fuys § .S;"

lú" .µuh ixjdo wdÈ l=uk fyda ud¾.hla f;dard

.; yels h'

3' id;aúl wNskh - uqyqfKa bßhjq u.ska woyia m%ldYkh' fldamh"

fYdalh" úiauh" ìh" wdorh" l%Er;ajh wdÈ ´kE u

Ndjhla uqyqfKa bßhjqj,ska m%ldYhg m;a l< yels h'

kdgH l,dj l,d udOHhka lsysmhl tl;=jls'

^Tjqyq ikaf;daIfhka kgñka msg fj;s'&

fmdf;a .=re ( úod w;a ;, fok fkd fok foa /f.k

fyda fkdu /f.k fmdÿfõ

ksodkhlska /f.k fok fuka

hqla;s O¾uh ieug fnÿfõ

tod msg jQ úksiqrE tA h<s;a ke;

lsis Èkl ÿgqfõ

fuod jk ;=re Tyqf. wK .=K

okka ;=v ;=v ;j o lshfõ

fn¥ tu kS;sh

È.= fkdjQ flá hq.h tA rg

iaj¾Kuh hq.hla u jQ nj

okka ;=v ;=v ;j;a mejfihs

yqKq jgh ms<sn|

weiQ fumqj; ifí úh;=ks

mejiQ f,i ok mqrdfKa

;nd .kq uek isf;ys fujok

fohla fõ kï hï

iqÿiaidg u whs;s úh hq;=

u lshk f,i fuf,o

,eìh hq;= wh u h ,eìh hq;=

ujq .=Kh we;s wh


ßheÿre ukd jQ

,eìh hq;= jQ fia u wia ßh

uqÿ .=Kh we;s wh


f.dú ok ukd jQ

Èksh hq;= jQ fiau .ï ìï'

kdgH l,dj iÔj l,djls'

kdgH l,dj iduQysl l,d udOHhls'

126 127

4' wdyd¾h wNskh - we÷ï me,÷ï" ix.S;h" fõÈld miq;, ks¾udKh"

rx.df,dalkh" fõY ksrEmKh wdÈ ish¨ oE u.ska

woyia m%ldYkh'

fï wkqj n,k l, kdgHhla iïmQ¾K jkafka lsishï rplhl= úiska ks¾udKh

lrk ,o kdgH msgm; fyj;a fm<" k¿ ks<s msßila úiska Bg wjYH ix.S;{hka"

fõY ksrEmK Ys,amSka" wf,dallrK Ys,amSka" rx.N+ñ w,xldßlhka wdÈ msßiaj,

iyfhda.h we;sj fma%laIl msßila bÈßfha rÕ md m%o¾Ykh lrkq ,enQ l,ays h'

kdgH msgm;la rpkd lsÍu wNsfhda.d;aul ld¾hhls' kdgHhl msgm; tys yoj;

n÷ fõ' kdgHhla Ôjh ,nkafka msgm; fya;=fjks' ,sÅ; msgm;la ke;s kdgH o

;sfí' ùÈ kdgH Bg ksoiqkls' tfy;a tu kdgHj, ksIamdokh ;=< fkd ,shQ msgm;la

we;'

kdgH msgm;l wka;¾.; úh hq;= ,laIK my; mßÈ fõ'

kdgH msgm;lg f;audjla wjYH fõ' hqoaOh" ú/lshdj" mj;akd wOHdmk l%uh"

i;=kag lreKdj oelaùu" jeäysáhkag .re lsÍu wdÈ ´kE u f;audjla kdgH

fm<la rpkd lsÍu i|yd f;dard .; yels h'

zyqKqjgfha l;djZ kï kdgHfha f;audj zfohla fõ kï hï iqÿiaidg u whs;s

úh hq;= hZ hkak hs'

f;dard .kq ,enQ f;audj bÈßm;a lsÍug iqÿiq l:d jia;=jla f;dard .ekSu B <Õ

jeo.;a ld¾hh hs' rplhdg l;d jia;=jla ks¾udKh lr .ekSfï § ;udf.a

w;aoelSï bjy,a lr .; yels h' tys § l:d jia;=j f.dvk.d .ekSug Wmfhda.s

lr .; yels l%u lsysmhla fjhs'

;udf.a w;aoelSula weiqfrka - ÿkak ÿkq.uqfõ - iq.;md, o is,ajd

ks¾udKh lr .;a l;d jia;=jla - .=re ;rej" ;,u, msms,d - ch,;a

ufkdar;ak

ckl;djla mdol lr .ekSu - tf,dj .syska fuf,dj wdjd - tÈßùr

irÉpkaø" kß nEkd - ohdkkao .=Kj¾Ok

1' f;audjla f;dard .ekSu

2' l;d jia;=j f;dard .ekSu

126 127

<ud l;djla mdol lr .ekSu - mqxÑ wmg oeka f;afrhs

f;dmams fjf<kaod - fidau,;d iqnisxy

cd;l l;djla mokï lr .ekSu - ukfï - ^pq,a,OkqoaOr cd;lh&"

fjiaika;r cd;lh"

mndj;S" ^l=i cd;lh& tÈßùr irÉpkaø

b;sydi l;djla mdol lr .ekSu - isxyndy q - tÈßùr irÉpkaø

iqn iy hi - ihsuka kj.;af;a.u

fodak l;sßkd - fla' î' fyar;a

Tng WoaOD;h f,i imhd we;s yqKqjgfha l;dj kdgHhg mdol ù we;af;a

wjqreÿ yhishhlg;a jvd mer‚ Ök ck l;djla nj lshkq ,efí'

hï l;d mqj;la fyda isÿùula weiqfrka kdgH fm<la ks¾udKh lsÍfï § tu l;d

mqjf;a fyda isÿùfuys we;s iEu wjia:djla u fyda isoaêhla u fhdod .ekSu iqÿiq

fkd fõ' kdgHhg WÑ; wjia:d muKla f;dard .; hq;= h'

kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:djla hkq fma%laIlhdf.a isf;a l=;+y,h yd wd;;sh Wmßufhka

l=¿.ekaúh yels wjia:d h'

Tng § we;s kdgH WoaOD;fha § zorejd ldg whs;s fõ o@Z hk l=;+y,h fm%alaIlhdf.a

isf;a we;s fjhs' wjidk fudfyd; olajd u fm%alaIlhd is;kafka orejd Tyqf.a

ienE ujg ysñ fõ h hkak hs' tfy;a fma%laIlhd ukdm jkafka orejd YDDIdg

ysñ jkq oelSug hs' fï fya;= fldg f.k kvqj wik wjia:dfõ § fma%laIl uki

wd;;sfhka fmf<hs'

tfuka u l;d mqjf;a isÿùfuys we;=<;a we;eï wjia:d bj;a lsÍug;a tys fkdue;s

foa w¨;ska tl;= lsÍug;a tys we;eï isÿùï fjkia lsÍug;a kdgH fm< rplhdg

ksoyi ;sfí'

tÈßùr irÉpkaøf.a ukfï kdgHh Bg lÈu ksoiqkls'

pq,a, OkqoaOr cd;lfha i|yka jk we;eï fldgia kdgH fm< rpkfha § bj;a

lr we;'

WodyrK(- lEug hula b,a,d f.k tk f,i ukfï l=ure fidre lKavdhu

fj;g l=ußh msg;a lr yeÍu'

we;eï isoaê w¨;ska tla fldg ;sfí'

3' kdgHuh wjia:d f;dard .ekSu

128 129

WodyrK(- wjidkfha jeoaod úiska yer oeuqKq l=ußh <h me<S ñh .sh nj oelaùu'

cd;l l:dfõ oelafjkafka isj,a fjiska meñ‚ Yl%hd wEg ñka

u;=jg m;sj; /lf.k Ôj;a jk f,ig Wmfoia ÿka nj hs'

uq,a l;d m%jD;a;sfha tk we;eï isoaê kdgHfha § fjkia lr .; yels h'

WodyrK(- cd;l l;dfõ oelafjkafka ukfï l=ußh l=urdg lvqfõ fldmqj §

lvqj jeoaod w;g ÿka nj hs' tfy;a irÉpkaø uy;d th fjkia fldg

l=ußh weiQ mekhlska jeoaodf.a .%yKh ,sys,a jQ w;r" ta wjia:dfjka

m%fhdack .;a jeoaod jyd l=ußhf.a w;ska lvqj f.k l=urd urd oeuQ

nj hs'

ñksid iy ñksid w;r .egqu

ñksid iy mßirh w;r .egqu

ñksid iy Tyqf.a uki w;r .egqu

ñksid iy woDYHudk n,fõ. w;r .egqu

by; WoaOD;fhys .DDId kue;s fiaúldj;a kgd,shd ìij;a w;r orejd

iïnkaOfhka we;s jk .egqu ñksid iy ñksid w;r .egqulg ksoiqkls'

ukfï kdgHfha ukfï l=ure;a l=ußh;a reÿre jkdka;rhla ueÈka nrKeia

kqjr n,d .uka wrU;s' jkdka;rh ;rKh lsÍfï wNsfhda.h Tjqka fofokd

yuqfõ we;' th ñksid iy mßirh w;r .egqug ksoiqkls'

yqKqjghla we| orejd ta ueo ;nd fomig wÈk f,i wivla .DDIdg iy kgd,shdg

wK lrhs' tfy;a .DDId orejd wÈkafka flf,i oehs is;hs' Tyqg bka we;s jk

fõokdj .ek is;hs' tu wjia:dfõ .DDId udkislj hï .egqulg ueÈj isáhs'

th ñksid iy Tyqf.a uki w;r isÿ jk .egqu meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug iqÿiq

wjia:djls'

ld,sodi úiska rÑ; wNs{dk Ydl=ka;,fha ÿ¾jdiia RIsjrhdf.a Ydmh ksid

ÿIHka; rcqg il=ka;,d ms<sn| wu;l fjhs' Ydmfhka ñ§ h<s tla ùfï wNsfhda.h

Tjqka yuqfõ we;' tys we;af;a ñksid iy woDYHudk n,fõ.hla w;r jk .egquls'

fun÷ .egqï wjia:d tlla fyda lsysmhla kdgH fm<l wka;¾.; úh hq;= h' ke;

fyd;a fma%laIl wjOdkh kdgHfhka .s,syS hEug th fya;=jla fjhs'

4' kdgH fm<la rpkd lsÍfï § .egqï wjia:d ks¾udKh l< hq;= h' kdgHhl .egqu lsysmdldrhlg ls%hd;aul fõ'

5' kdgH fmf<ys wdrïNhla" j¾Okhla" WÉp wjia:djla ;sìh hq;= h'

128 129

kdgHhl m%ldYk ú,dih fyj;a kdgHh bÈßm;a lrk wdldrh ffY,sh kï

fjhs' kdgH ffY,s m%Odk jYfhka m%j¾. folls'

1' f,dal O¾ó îajdNdúl ffY,sh&

2' kdgH O¾ó ^ffY,s.; iïm%odh&

fï tla tla ffY,shg wkkH ,laIK my; mßÈ oelaúh yels h'

6' kdgH fm< rpkfha § lsishï ffY,shlg wkqj rpkd l< hq;= fjhs'

WodyrK(- wjidkfha jeoaod úiska yer oeuqKq l=ußh <h me<S ñh .sh nj oelaùu'

cd;l l:dfõ oelafjkafka isj,a fjiska meñ‚ Yl%hd wEg ñka

u;=jg m;sj; /lf.k Ôj;a jk f,ig Wmfoia ÿka nj hs'

uq,a l;d m%jD;a;sfha tk we;eï isoaê kdgHfha § fjkia lr .; yels h'

WodyrK(- cd;l l;dfõ oelafjkafka ukfï l=ußh l=urdg lvqfõ fldmqj §

lvqj jeoaod w;g ÿka nj hs' tfy;a irÉpkaø uy;d th fjkia fldg

l=ußh weiQ mekhlska jeoaodf.a .%yKh ,sys,a jQ w;r" ta wjia:dfjka

m%fhdack .;a jeoaod jyd l=ußhf.a w;ska lvqj f.k l=urd urd oeuQ

nj hs'

ñksid iy ñksid w;r .egqu

ñksid iy mßirh w;r .egqu

ñksid iy Tyqf.a uki w;r .egqu

ñksid iy woDYHudk n,fõ. w;r .egqu

by; WoaOD;fhys .DDId kue;s fiaúldj;a kgd,shd ìij;a w;r orejd

iïnkaOfhka we;s jk .egqu ñksid iy ñksid w;r .egqulg ksoiqkls'

ukfï kdgHfha ukfï l=ure;a l=ußh;a reÿre jkdka;rhla ueÈka nrKeia

kqjr n,d .uka wrU;s' jkdka;rh ;rKh lsÍfï wNsfhda.h Tjqka fofokd

yuqfõ we;' th ñksid iy mßirh w;r .egqug ksoiqkls'

yqKqjghla we| orejd ta ueo ;nd fomig wÈk f,i wivla .DDIdg iy kgd,shdg

wK lrhs' tfy;a .DDId orejd wÈkafka flf,i oehs is;hs' Tyqg bka we;s jk

fõokdj .ek is;hs' tu wjia:dfõ .DDId udkislj hï .egqulg ueÈj isáhs'

th ñksid iy Tyqf.a uki w;r isÿ jk .egqu meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug iqÿiq

wjia:djls'

ld,sodi úiska rÑ; wNs{dk Ydl=ka;,fha ÿ¾jdiia RIsjrhdf.a Ydmh ksid

ÿIHka; rcqg il=ka;,d ms<sn| wu;l fjhs' Ydmfhka ñ§ h<s tla ùfï wNsfhda.h

Tjqka yuqfõ we;' tys we;af;a ñksid iy woDYHudk n,fõ.hla w;r jk .egquls'

fun÷ .egqï wjia:d tlla fyda lsysmhla kdgH fm<l wka;¾.; úh hq;= h' ke;

fyd;a fma%laIl wjOdkh kdgHfhka .s,syS hEug th fya;=jla fjhs'

4' kdgH fm<la rpkd lsÍfï § .egqï wjia:d ks¾udKh l< hq;= h' kdgHhl .egqu lsysmdldrhlg ls%hd;aul fõ'

5' kdgH fmf<ys wdrïNhla" j¾Okhla" WÉp wjia:djla ;sìh hq;= h'

130 131

iajdNdúl kdgH ffY,s.; kdgH

ffY,sh idudkH Ôú;hg ióm

ffY,shlska bÈßm;a flfrhs'

idudkH Ôú;fhka ¥ria:

ffY,shlska bÈßm;a flfrhs'

fonia l;d ny lrk wdldrh

idudkH Ôú;fha l;d ny

lrk wdldrhg iudk h'

iïmQ¾Kfhka u .dhkfhka fyda

ldjHuh ffY,shlska fonia

bÈßm;a fjhs'

fõÈldj u;

yeisÍu

.uk ìuk" fõÈldj u;

yeisÍu idudkH wdldrhg

isÿ fjhs'

k¾;kh fyda uqød iys;

ßoaudkql+, .uka ;d, Ndú;

flfrhs'

we÷ï me,÷ï yd

fõY ksrEmKh

we÷ï me,÷ï" fõY ksrEmKh

wdÈh idudkH Ôú;fha §

Ndú; flfrk wdldrhg

ilia lr .efkhs'

pß; i|yd úfYaIfhka

ks¾udKh l< we÷ï me,÷ï

Ndú; jk w;r ienE Ôú;fha

isÿ flfrk wdldrhg jvd

lemS fmfkk f,i fõY

ksrEmKh isÿ flfrhs'

ix.S;h

miq;, ks¾udK

jia;= úIh$

f;audj

ix.S;h wksjd¾h fkd fõ'

miq;, ks¾udK Ndú;

flfrhs'

iuld,Sk iudc m%Yak úIh

lr .efka'

ix.S;h wksjd¾h fjhs'

miq;, ks¾udK fhdod

fkd .efkhs'

fndfyda úg cd;l l;d" ck

l;d" iqrx.kd l;d wdÈh úIh

lr .efka' ^tfy;a iuld,Sk

iudc m%Yak o f;aud úh

yels h'&

kso¾Yk le,‚ md,u - wd¾ wd¾'

iurfldaka

fndaäxldrfhda" ;Ügq f.j,a -

iq.;md, o is,ajd

ukfï" isxyndyq" - tÈßùr

irÉpkaø

l=fõ‚ - fykaß

chfiak

7' ixjdo fh§fï § jpk WÉpdrKh lsÍfï rgdj" úrdu iys;j" úrdu

,l=Kq u.ska o fm< rpkh ;=< i|yka úh hq;= h'

WodyrK(- ihsuka (- zWU,d uf.a orefjdaZ lsõj¨ id¾;=ud' ñksiqkag lsh,d" Wkaf.a

ysi .id oeïu¨'

130 131

rx. úOdk hkq kdgH fm<l jryka ;=< we;s fldgia h' fïjd fma%laIlhdg yer

kdgHhg odhl jk k¿ks<shka" wOHlaIjrhd" ix.S;{hd" wdf,dal Ys,amshd wdÈ

ish¨ u fokdg w;HjYH fõ'

by; lreKq i,ld n,ñka rx.kh i|yd u WÑ; - tkï( rx.mru - kdgH

msgm;la rpkd lsÍug Tng o mq¿jk'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' hï isoaêhla ms<sn| l;djla lSu wrUkak'

tla isiqjl= jdlH fol ne.ska jk fia kdgHuh wjia:d wka;¾.; lrñka

mka;sfha isiqka ieu fokd u tlaj rij;a l;djla ks¾udKh lrkak' laI‚lj

is;g tk foa weiqfrka jdlH fol ks¾udKh lr .kak&'

miqj mka;sh lKavdhï y;rlg fn§ tu l;dj u mdol lr f.k kdgH fm<

y;rla rpkd lrkak' ^úkdä 15la i|yd&

2' .=rejrhdf.a wdOdrfhka fyd| u msgm; f;dard f.k" th rx.khla njg m;a

lrkak' 3' mka;sh lKavdhï mylg fn§ my; i|yka m%isoaO kdgH ks¾udK i|yd mdol

jQ l;d mqj;a fidhd mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

¸' ukfï - uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø

¸¸' kßnEkd - ohdkkao .=Kj¾Ok

¸¸¸' r;a;rx - uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø

¸¹' tf,dj .syska fuf,dj wdjd - uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø

¹' isxyndyq - uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø

4' my; i|yka wjia:d w;=frka tlla f;dard f.k úkdä 15-25;a w;r ld,hla

;=< rx..; l< yels jk mßÈ flá kdgH msgm;la rpkd lrkak'

¸' ck l;djla

¸¸' cd;l l;djla

¸¸¸' mqj;a m;l m< jQ úfYaIdx.hla

¹' ;ud ,;a w;aoelSula

8' ixjdoj,g wu;rj rx. úOdk kdgH fm<l i|yka l< hq;= h'

132 133

fji;=re od lj fyj;a fjiaika;r cd;l ldjHh mkaish mkia cd;l fmdf;ys fuka u nq;airfKys tk fjiaika;r cd;lh lúhg kÕñka

,shjqKls' fuh uykqjr rdcOdks iufha rpkd jQ fia ms<s.efka' úo.aO

fyj;a iïNdjH idys;H Odrdfjka neyer lD;shla fia ie,flk fjiaika;r

cd;l ldjHh" pQ, iïm%odfha idys;H .Kfhys ,d ie,fla' fuys l;=jrhdf.a

kduh lsis ;ekl fkd oelafjhs' tfy;a Tyq isxy, NdId jHjydrfhys

mßphla fuka u úYsIag m%;sNdkhla o iys; ks¾udKlrejl= fia ie,lsh

yels h' ‘cQcl’ kï uy¨ nuqKl= isÕd f.dia ,o lyjKq ishh ys;j;a"

ÿmam;a nuqKq f.orl mfriaiug ;nkafka kej; .kakd wáfhks' nuqKdg

tu uqo,a úhoï fjhs' ta ksid ys,õjg ;u ÿj cQclg §ug Tyqg isÿ fjhs'

cQcl nuqKd o <d nd, ;re‚h újdy lr .kS' wñ;a;;dmd kï jQ wE

úhm;a nuqKdg l< hq;= fufyjr lrñka hym;a Èúhla f.jhs' fuh ie<

jQ ta nuqKq .u ;reK nuqfKda" ;reK neñ‚hl crm;a ÿ¾j, jQ úhm;a

nuqKl=g fuf,i fufyjr lroa§ ;u ;ukaf.a neñ‚hka ;ukag fufyjr

fkd lr;s’hs Tjqkag .eyeg lr;s' thska ñ§ug is;k ta .fuys neñ‚fhda

meka f;dfÜ § cQcl nuqKdf.a kq.=K lshñka fofokd fjka lsÍug ork

W;aidyh;a ta weiQ neñ‚h cQcl nuqKd flfrys olajk m%;spdr;a mdvfï

we;=<;a lú u.ska m< flf¾'

,S,a ke;sj ksirej f;m,kafka

uy,a, kqUf.a ysñ o wikafka

jd,a ;udj;a weoao b;skafka

jd,a ú¢k ÿl fukqU ú¢kafka

meiS bi;aa kslg;a fid~q welsf,a

.eiS l=o;a hk .uk;a nlf,a

ksiS fõ o fj; b¢kg fulf,a

.eiS o fnd, ;sf. oEig mgf,a

l=foa .eiS ke.sák l, fjjq,d

;foa leis;a lei lei mg wl,d

fidf|a ú¢k iem ú÷ug ful,d

<f|a ksire fkd lrka wm ish,d

<f|a ksire fkd lrka wm ish,d15

132 133

nv jl msg jl ika jerá,a,d

fomgg l=ÿ .eis jlg l=ÿ,a,d

bifla mqmq/á o;a lv f;d,a,d

;sf. ieñ nuqKd l=Kq fl< f;d,a,d

fmr l,a cd;sfh me;=jd jekafka

mr u,a msÿjdfoda m, ÿkafka

kr uq,a weÕ weg lsUq,l= jekafka

yeu l,a u< od foda iem jkafka

.eiS jlg l=ÿ bifla iqÿ r¿

meiS kslg o;a fnd,a,E fl< f;d¨

jeiS ;sfnk weia ìh lr,k iq¨

keiS l=ug b| Wf. f.hs tla fld¨

tl u. hk l, Tìkg weoafoda

wdkk l, Wf. lg .| keoafoda

;S ieá nuqKka fï rg keoafoda

.eg fldakul=g b| m, weoafoda

tnig ,Êcdfjka ,o neñŒ

wn ieg ,dila mqmqrk f,iskS

ú<s jeo bjid frdia fldg täkS

l< f.ä ì| f.dia ;u f.g jeÿŒ

fjjq,hs mqmqrhs o;a lhs frdia fldg

iQrhs lïuq,a fol weo ;r fldg

;ejq,hs .sh .sh ;ek rg jg ug

wjq,hs fjkafka fu;kska hkakg

uQK rjd f.k f.dia f.g jeÈ,d

mQk kQ, weo ouñka ì|,d

hdfka Wka nuqKd ìu fmr<d

ndk f,ig w,a,d f.k rjq<d

lkafig mdrla fouehs lshkakS

uka fnd, ;g or Èh o wÈkakS

lkakg mekakd fuka je,yskakS

lka lgqjg lror f;m,kakS

134 135


wjfndaOh

1' ‘,S,a ke;sj’ hk lúfha ‘kqU’ hkqfjka y÷kajd we;af;a ljfrla o@

2' my; oelafjk lú moj, woyi Tfí jpkfhka ,shkak'

i' wjq,hs fjkafka fu;kska hkakg

ii' .eiS o fnd, ;sf. oEig mgf,a

iii' <f|a ksire fkdlrka wm ish,d

iv' yeu l,a u< od foda iem jkafka

v' lkalgqjg lror f;m,kafka

3' ‘mru,a msÿjd foda m, ÿkafka’ fï m%ldYhg fya;=j l=ula o@

4' neñ‚hkaf.a niska ,Êcdjg m;a wñ;a;;dmd ms<sn| úia;r lsÍfï § lúhd

Ndú; lr we;s Wmudj l=ula o@

5' neñ‚hkaf.a niska ,Êcdjg m;a wñ;a;;dmdf.a yeisÍu fln÷ ù o@

,S,a ke;sj - fudf<dla nfjka f;dr j" nqre,la fkd olajd

jd,a - jy,d" odihd

fid~q - lïuq,

leimg - we¢jf;ys my< fldk

nv jl - nfvys jlh

msg jl - msfgys jlh

jerá,a,d - úh<s f.du len,s

mqmq/á - mqmqre jeks jQ

o;a lvf;d,a,d - o;a lvf;d¨

l=Kqfl<f;d,a,d - lg fofldkska l=Kqfl< jEfyk

kruq,a - meiqKq flia

wdkk l, - wEkqï wßk úg

fldakul=g - fldkao keuqKq ñksyl=g" l=ol=g

frdia fldg - fldam ù

mQk kQ, - n%dyauKhka Wmkhkfha § m,¢k kQ,la' fuh jï

Wrysfiys isg isref¾ yria w;g ol=Kq bÕáh

olajd jefgk fia oukakls'

lkafig mdrla - lïuq,g myrla" lkg myrla

lkalgqjg - l¾K lfGdar f,i" wñysß f,i

134 135

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk jpk i|yd iudkd¾: moh ne.ska mdvfuka Wmqgd ,shkak'

i' fofk;g vi. fï ld,fhys

ii. Njfha vi¸. ú<sfhka

¸¸¸' m%d¾:kd l<d v¸¸¸' fldmq,a

v¸' m%fhdack ¸º' ihkfhys

v' .¾jfhka º' ;Èka

2' my; § we;s Wmudjkays we;=<;a Wmudkh yd Wmfïh fjka lr olajkak'

i' kruq,a weÕ weg lsUq,l= jekafka

ii' lkakg mekakd fuka je,yskakS

3' t<siuh /lSug my; oelafjk fhÿï lú fmf<ys olajd we;s wdldrh i|yka

lrkak'

i' b;ska v' l=ÿ

ii' nl,a v¸' f,iska

iii' ish¨ v¸¸' rjq<

iv' jerá v¸¸¸' jeksh

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' lú fmf<a we;=<;a wjia:djla N+ñld rx.khla f,i bÈßm;a lrkak'

136 137

isxy, NdIdj w;sYhska úÑ;%j;a h' tl u ixisoaêh m%;sNd iïmkak f,aLlhka

lsysm fokl= w; m;a jQ l,ays" wmQ¾j úúO;ajhla m< jk wdldrfha rpkd

ìys jkafka tfyhsks' nqÿrÿka úiska kd,d.sß we;= oukh lrk ,o wjia:dj

úúO f,aLk ffY,s Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka úúO l;=jreka úiska j¾Kkdjg

,la lrkq ,en we;s wkaou fuhg fyd| u ksoiqkls' kd,d.sß ouk mqjf;ys

wdkkao f;reka jykafia fifkyiska hq;=j" nqÿka jykafia /l .kakg

bÈßhg meñ‚ ;eka isg" we;d nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a YS% mdoh uq, jeà

oukh jk wjia:dj olajd fldgi wudj;=r" nq;airK yd mQcdj,sh hk

lD;Skays l;=jreka bÈßm;a l< whqre fï mdvfuys wka;¾.; h' th lshjd

f,aLk ffY,sfhys yd m%ldYk ú,difhys úúO;d y÷kd .kak'

tf;mq,a wud ye,af,ka 16

“tl,ays wk| uyf;ryq nqÿka flfr n,j;a fifkyfhka wêjdikd

fkd lgeyS" ‘fu we;a m<uq ud urdj’hs nqÿka i|yd Èú mshd nqÿka fmrg isáfhd'

ti| nqoayq" “wk| my je hd' ud fmrg fkd isg”hs jodf<d' “jykafi" fu we;a

pKav he" mreI he" ñkSure he" hq.;a .sks jekake" m<uq ud urd miq f;dm

jykafi lrd fhj”hs lSyq' nqÿka ;=ka h<la lsh;=ÿ" tfi ue isáhye' my fkd jQyq'

tl,ays nqoayq bÿy n,fhka Tjqka ms<snyd i`.=ka w;=frys isgqjQy' tflfKys tla

ud.ula k,.sßys oele urKNhNS; je m,d hkakS Wl=<ska .;a orejl= we;= yd

nqÿka yd w;=frys oud mshd m,d .shd' we;a weh ÿqne|e mshd kej;S orejd lrd

.sfh' ore uy y`äka y`vhs' nqÿyq k,.sßys Wfoid fu;a m;=rejd b;d ñhqre

nUf.dia úysoe" “Nj;a kd,d.sßh" ;d fidf<dia l<la rd fmdjd u;a lrkakdyq"

wfkllayq .kakg l<dyq fkd fj;s" ud .kakg l<ye' wldrKfh ll=,a

l<l=rejd fkd weúoe fudn t”hs jod<ye'

fy nqÿkaf. nia wid" weia újr fldge nqÿkaf. rEisß n,d" ms<s,o ixfj. we;s

jQfh" nqÿka f;Èka is£ .sh iqrd uo we;af;" w; nyd lkam;a i,ñka f.dia" nqÿka

mdúg neie fyd;s'”

wudj;=r

136 137

“blaì;s" cd;scd;sfhys udf. iajdñorejdKkg Èú § wd udf.a l=, foaj;d jQ

wk| uy f;rekajykafia nqÿka flfrys .;a n,j;a iafkayfhka" ;uka ll=¿

l,ays i¾mhd w;e u< fndaêi;ajhkg Èú ÿka ikdfhka" yxi cd;sfhys iquqL

kï yxi fiakdêm;s je uf,ys ne÷Kq iajdókg bÈß je isge ;ukaf. Èú

msÿ ikdfhka" .,ska yqKq iajdñorejdKkg f.dhs je msg ÿka ikdfhka" .srd

je wd iajdókg oyila lsßh ye,a fl;ska msÿ ikdfhka" zfu we;a m<uq fldge

ud urdjZhs lshd ;uka Èú mqod wNsuqLfhys isáhy' i¾j{hka jykafi ;=ka

úfglays ‘wk|h" we, je hd’hs jod< fial' tfia jodr;=ÿ iafkyfhka we,

fkd je isá ysñhdKka uy fmdf<dj f;fu ue l=U,a illa fi fmr<d miafiys

,dmS he'

wE;e OQ,Ska jeiS.sh we;a rc he" uE;e ijKla >k nqÿ riska ie§ .sh nqÿrcdfKda

he¦ wE;e fldamfhka r;a je .sh hjg jeks weia we;s we;a rc he" uE; lreKdfhka

f;;a je .sh ks,a uyfk,a fm;s mrhk weia we;s nqÿrcdfKda he¦ wE;e tnq tnQ

mhska uy fmdf<dj m<dmshkakd fi Èjk we;a rc he" uE;e tnq tnQ mhska

ñys l; iky ikyd jvkd nqÿrcdfKda he¦ wE;e ne¨ neÆjka zwfkaæ wfkaæZhs

lshjk we;a rc he" uE;e ne¨ neÆjka zidOqæ idOqæZ hs lshjk nqÿrcdfKda he'

tfõf,ys t we;= <x j;a j;a ieoeye;af;d f<ys w;a .ikakg jkay" uqyqKe w;a

fokakg jkay" n,d isáhe fkd fyïyZhs uqyq‚ka fykakg jkay'

tflfKys mq;l= jvd.;a .eyekshla we;= flfrys l< Nhska jvd.;a mq;=

iajdñorejka yd we;= yd fo ueog oudmshd m,d .shd' t we;a f;fu l=udrhd lrd

kslañK' l=udr f;fu we;= flfrys l< Nhska uy y`äka y`vkakg jk' tflfKys

nqÿka jykafi ‘wo fu we;a f;fu ud isá fu ùÓfhys lsysôhlg o wka;rdhla

flf< ù kï" udf.a nqoaOdkqNdjhg kqiqÿiq he’hs is;d jodrd wkka;dmßudK

ilaj< i;a;ajhka flfrys lrkakd jQ ffu;%sh uy ìcqjlg uyfur fmr<kakd

fi tl we;ayq flfrys m;=rejd" weiQ weiQ i;a;ajhka ó î u;a jQjka fi ;uka

ÈYdjg kud.kakd jQ uOqr iajr úysÿjd ‘;d fu ùÓhg y¿fh wm ksid uq;a f;,

l=udrhd ksid fkd jkafk fj o" fu fi t’hs jod< fiale'

tñysß lg y`v lke fy;a ue ne¨ we;= weie tukyr nqÿ rE kue;s wud msÍ.sfh"

‘oeka oeka .sfh he’hs ish¨ kqjr jeishka lshñka isáhe § lk yqKq ñysß yçka"

weie yqKq nqÿ reúka flYr isxyhlayq ÿgq we;a fmdõjl= fi wfklla is;she

fkdyS" lk fydjdf.ke nqÿ rejg o,ajd Æ wei mshd,she fkdyS" t rE wud weiska

Wld fndñka" isge-mshe fkdyS" kefuñka yelsf<ñka Y%S mdoh we,hg f.diska

isáfh' isá-mshe fkdyS" hq.dka; jd;fhka keó hk w÷ka l=<la fi nqÿka mduq,ays

je|e je;s/-.sfh'

nq;airK

138 139

nqÿoyu ms<sn| yi< oekqula we;s m`äjrhl= jQ .=re¿f.dañ fmdf,dkakre hq.fha §

rpkd l< wudj;=r lD;sfhys ‘kd. oukh’ kï od y;r jk mßÉfþofhka Wmqgd

.;a fldgila fuys wka;¾.; h' tu lD;sh rpkd lf<a kj wrydÈ nqÿ.=Kj,ska

tlla jk ‘mqßioïu idrÓ’ nqÿ.=Kh uq,a lr f.k h'” lsj hq;= foh jd.a ndyq,Hfhka

tflfKys wk| uy f;reka jykafia §¾>ld,fhys ;uka jykafia nqÿka

flfrys wúkIag j l<d jQ uy fmï j;=re r|jd .; fkdyS oEia msreKq l÷f<ka

“fï we;a ud m<uqj urd uq;a udf.a nqÿka fkd urj” hs lsh lshd we;=g;a nqÿkag;a

uOHfhys f.diska isg.;a fial' nqÿyq “wdkkaohæ we, j hd" we, j hd" wef;la

ug l=ula flf¾ o" ;d fnd<| wehs o" ud n, kqÿgq úÍ oe˜hs jodrk fial' nqÿka

tfia jodr;=;a wk| uy f;reka jykafia we, fkd jk fiala u h' tflfKys

nqÿkaf.a wdkqNdjfhka fmdf<dj l=U,a illa fia fmr<S Wka jykafia miq fldg

nqÿka jykafia m<uq flf<a h' kej; wk| uy f;reka jykafia nqÿka m<uq jQ

fia oel we;= <x jk fia oel" bÈßhg Èj nqÿka miqfldg mshd we;= bÈßfhys

isg.;a fial' túg o fmdf<dj fmr<S Wka jykafia u miq flf<a h' fufia u

;=ka jdrfhlays u nqÿka miq fldg we;= fmrg jQ fial' ;=ka jdrfhys u fmdf<dj

u isiEÍ Wkajykafia miq fldg nqÿka jykafia m<uq flf<a h'

tflfKys m%sh mq;l= jvdf.k “we;a fl<s n,ñ” hs ùÓhg ng ia;%shla we;= Èj;a

Èj;a we;= flf¾ l< Nhska fjjq,d urK ix{dfjka mq;% ix{dj isys fldg .;

fkdyS" nqoaO mQcdjg u,a oula oeuqjd fia mq;= nqÿka yd we;= ueog oud f;dfuda

fldafõhlg jeo .shd h' tflfKys l=ure wksla YrKla fkd oel nqÿka Èidj

n, n,d uy y`äka y`vkakg mgka .;' we;a .sks l|la fia lsms lsmS nqÿka lrd

Èjkqfõ l=uryq oel Tyq lrd Èù h' tflfKys iajdñorefjda ñ‚rejklg ;=v

È.= lrk kd rcl= fia l=uryq lrd w; È.= lrk we;a rcq oel —ud meñ‚hd jQ

fï ùÓfhys fï uo keÕs we;a lsysôhl .ygd urdmS kuq;a udf.a ljr kï

nqoaOdkqNdjfhla oe”hs is;d jodrd ;uka jykafiaf.a lreKd kue;s wl=iafika

meyer we;= r|jd,d “kd,d.sßhæ ;d fï ùÒhg y¿fha f;, l=udrhd ksid

fkdfjhs" wm ksid h' W! lrd fkd f.dia wm lrd j/”hs jod< fial'

tflfKys udf.a iajdñorejkaf.a uOqr kdo kue;s yia;sldka; ùKd kdoh Tyq

lk jeà hdu yd iu. u Tyqf.a rd uo is£ .sh' tf;mq,a kue;s wudye,af,ka

flda .sksl| ksù .sh' t flfKys l=uryq yer nqÿka ÈYdjg lr kud nqÿka

n,kqfha fo;sia wiQ ,l=fKka yd isidrd isá neu u`vq,af,lska yd wdldYfhys

msmS jekS .sh ;re le,hla fia msßjrd isákd ry;a fm<lska yd mqka i÷ fia

È,sfhk iajdñorejkaf.a Y%S úN+;s oel" i|ria ÿgq l=uqÿ le,hla fia ish,Õ

ikaf;daIfhka mskjñka nqÿka lrd Èj tflfKys u ysß T;ma ,o kshdjg ldrK

mEjd fia jd,êh wuqvq yiafiys .kajd f.k jl .i .id fid`v yl=< yl=<d Y%S

mdoh fid`äka msßueo ueo nqÿka mduq,ays jeo fyd;af;a h'

mQcdj,sh

138 139

f;drj fláfhka" ir,j meyeÈ,sj lSu .=re¿f.daókaf.a ffY,sh jQ w;r th

nqoaêu;=ka o w.h l< ffY,shls'

fmdf,dkakre hq.fha u úoHdpl%j¾;s rpkd l< nq;airfKys oyih jk mßÉfþofha

‘kd,d.sß oukfhka’ Wmqgd .;a fldgila o fuu mdvfï wka;¾.; h' nq;airK

kj wrydÈ nqÿ.=K ish,a,la u wka;¾.; lD;shls'

nq;airK nqÿka jykafiaf.a .=K iuqodh fuka u w;sudkqIsl n,hka o úia;r

lrñka Wka jykafia flfrys Nla;sfhka hq;= .dhk iajrEmS mdGj,ska hqla; .µ

.%ka:hls' hula tljr jgyd.; fkd yels idudkH ckhdg fï rpkd ú,dih b;d

m%fhdackj;a úh' úoHdpl%j¾;Ska fmdÿ ckhdg iómj nq;airK rpkd l< nj

mejfia' Tyq w¨;a uÕla Tiafia hñka isxy, NdIdj fmdaIKh l< f,aLlfhls'

mQcdj,sfhka fuu mdvug Wmqgd f.k we;af;a ziufu;a wdÈ mQcd l;dZ kï úiskj

jeks mßÉfþofhka fldgils' oUfo‚ hq.fha § uhQrmdo mßfõKdêm;s nqoaOmq;%

ysñhka úiska rÑ; fï lD;sh wryx nqÿ.=Kh uq,a lrf.k ,shejqKls' tu lD;sh

isxy, fn!oaOhka w;r m%p,s; jQ" fmdÿ ckhdf.a wdorh yd f.!rjh ysñ lr .;a

isxy, nK fmd;ls' l;=jrhd úiska fuh ,shk ,oafoa fmdÿ ckhdg nqoaO pß;h

fyd¢ka jgyd .; yels jk mßÈ ksjerÈ yd ir, nilska ksid th rij;a lD;shla

ùug fya;= úh' th rdc rdc uydud;Hd§kaf.a W;=ï jQ mqomQcdjkag ,la jQ

lD;shla o úh'

wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

wl=iafika - fyKavqfjka

w÷ka l=<la - wxck m¾j;hla ^l¿ meye;s m¾j;hla&

wêjdikd - bjiSfï .=Kh

wkka;dmßudK - iSudjla fyda m%udKhla fkdue;s

wud - wuD;h ^by< u rih&

wud ye,af,ka - wuD;h kue;s Èh oyßka

wúkIag - úkdY fkdjQ

we;a fmdõjl= - we;a megjl=

we<j hd - bj;g jkak

bÿy n,fhka - Roaê n,fhka

tflfKys - ta fudfydf;ys

tnq tnQ mhska - ;nk ;nk mshjßka

ll=,a l<l=rejd fkd weúo - mdo mSvdjlg fjfyilg

m;a lrjd f.k weúÈkafka ke;sj

lsysôhlg - l=yqUq foklg$l=yqUqjl=g

l=U,a illa fia fmr<d - j<x idokakl=f.a il fmdarejla fuka lrljd

flda .sks l| - fldamh kue;s .sks cd,dj

140 141

flda fõhlg - l=vd ùÈhlg

f;Èka - f;aciska

;=ka h<la - ;=ka jrla

oyila lsßh ye,a fl;ska - ^lsßhla hkq wuqKq i;rls& wuqKq ydr

oyil l=Uqrla

Èú ÿka ikdfhka - Ôú;h ÿka fifkyiska

Èú mshd - Ôú;h mqoñka¦ Ôú;h w;yer

myje hd - bj;g hkak

mdmsg - mh wi,

ms<snyd - j<lajd

ms<s,o ixfõ. - wjfndaOfhka hqla; j ^m%;s,íO ixfõ.&

mq;% ix{dj - orejl= ms<sn| ye`.Su

urK ix{dj - urKh ms<sn| ye`.Su

ud.ula - ia;s%hla

udf.a l=, foaj;d jQ - wmf.a l=, foúhd jQ

ñ‚ rejklg - ud‚lH r;akhlg

ñhqre nU f.dia - ñysß n%yau f>daIdj

ñysl; - fmdf<dj$uyS ldka;dj

uqyqK w;a fokakg - uqyqK oE;ska jid .kakg

hq.;a .sks - l,amdka; .skak

hq.dka; jd;fhka - hq.h fl<jr yuk iq<Õska

r;a hjg jeks - r;a jQ hlv fnda,hla jeks

rEisß - YÍr fYdaNdj

f<ys - mmqfjys

jd,êh wuqv yiafiys .kajd f.k - j,a.h fol<jd w;f¾ i`.jd f.k

ijkla - j¾K yhla

^kS," mS;" f,days;" ód;" udxðIaG" m%Ndiajr&

ish,`. - il, YÍrh$uq¿ we`. u

fidf<dia l<la - l< f.ä oyihla

y¿fha - uqod yeßfha

yia;sldka; ùKd kdoh - we;=ka ji`. lrk ùKd kdoh

ysß T;ma - mjg we;s ,Êcd Nh

fykakg jkay - bj;g .kakg úh

140 141

wjfndaOh

1' my; § we;s m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

¸' nqÿrcdKka jykafia flfrys fifkyiska wdkkao ysñhka l< l%shdj l=ula o@

¸¸' kd,d.sß we;d oel ìh m;a ia;%sh yeiqrefKa flfia o@

¸¸¸' kd,d.sß we;d nqÿrcdKka jykafiag ióm j;a u Y%oaOdjka;hkaf.a m%;spdrh

l=ula ù o@

¸¹' nqÿrcdKka jykafia we;d flfrys oelajQ ffu;%sh nq;airK l;=jrhd

Wmud lf<a l=ulg o@

¹' nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a lg y`v weiqKq úg we;d yeisreKq wdldrh úia;r

lr ,shkak'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk fhÿïj, w¾: ,sys,a niska ,shkak'

¸' nqÿka ;=ka h<la lsh;=ÿ tf,i u isáhy'

¸¸' “wldrKfha ll=,a l<l=rejd fkd weúo fudn t'” ¸¸¸' ;ud Èú mqod wNsuqLfhys isáhy'

¸¹' n,d isáh fkdfyïyhs uqyqK fykakg jkay'

¹' fmdf<dj l=U,a illa fia fmr<S Wka jykafia miq fldg nqÿka jykafia

m<uq lf<da h'

¹¸' tf;mq,a kue;s wud ye,af,ka flda .sks l| ksù .sh'

2' my; oelafjk WoaOD;hkays wjia:d iïnkaOh olajkak'

¸' “m<uqj ud urd miq f;dm jykafia lrd hj” ¸¸' “wldrKfh ll=,a l<l=rejd fkd weúo fudn t” ¸¸¸' “wo fï we;a f;u ud isá fï ùÓfhys lsysôhlg o wka;rdhla lf<a ù

kï udf.a nqoaOdkqNdjhg kqiqÿiq h” ¸¹' “;d fï ùÓhg y¿fh wm ksid uq;a f;, l=udrhd ksid fkdjkafk fjo” ¹' “;d fnd<| wehs o ud n, kqÿgq úÍ oe” ¸¹' “W! lrd fkd f.dia wm lrd j/”

3' tl u wre; §u i|yd l;=jreka ;sfokd úúO jpk Ndú; lr we;' my; § we;s

jpkj,g l;=jreka tfia fhdod we;s fjk;a jpk fidhd ,shkak'

¸' .eyekshla - ¸¹' wuD;h -

¸¸' wef;ls - ¹' fu;a -

¸¸¸' ñysß y`v - ¹¸' mduq,ays -

142 143

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' fuu mdvu Tn jvd;a wNsu; ffY,shlska lshjkak'

2' tla tla l;=jrhd tl u wjia:dj úúO whqßka j¾Kkd lr we;s wdldrh ms<sn|j

.=re;=ud$.=re;=ñh iuÕ idlÉPdjl fhfokak'

mer‚ iïNdjH lD;s rpkfha § o f,aLlhka Wmud Ndú;hg .;a nj fuu mdvu

lshjk úg meyeÈ,s fõ' Wmudjla hkq hï jia;=jla jvd fyd¢ka meyeÈ,s lsÍu

i|yd fyda f;areï lsÍu i|yd ;j;a jia;=jlg iudk lr oelaùu hs' Wmudjla

oelaùfï § wjYHfhka u fuka" fia" jeks" jf.a" n÷" f,i" tõ wdÈ Wmud jdpl

ksmd; mohla iu. fhfoa' hula w,xldrj;aj mejiSu i|yd Wmudj fhdod .efka'

Wmudjla wx. follska hqla; h" tkï( Wmudkh yd Wmfïh hs' Wmudkh hkq

lsishï fohla ;j;a hula yd iudk fldg olajk fhÿu hs' Wmfïh hkq iudk

lsÍug ,la jk fhÿu hs' Wmud jdpl moh u.ska Wmudk" Wmfïh fol iudk

fldg oelafjhs' tfia iudk lsÍfï § ie,ls,a,g .kafka Wmudk" Wmfïh foflys

hï fmdÿ fyj;a idOdrK ,laIKhls'

‘wef.a uqyqK i| jeks h’fuys ‘i|’ hkq Wmudkh hs' ‘uqyqK’ hkq Wmfïh hs' ta fol tlaj Wmudj iEfoa'

³ ‘kd,d.sß oukh’ l:dfõ yuq jk Wmud my; j.=fjys olajd Wmudkh yd

Wmfïh o fjka lr olajkak'

Wmud

Wmudj Wmudkh Wmfïh

r;a je .sh hjg jeks weia r;a je .sh hjg weia

142 143

ks¾udKd;aul f,aLkfha § yuq jk ;j;a w,xldr úfYAIhls rEml' fuh o Wmudj

fuka u hula w,xldrj;aj mejiSfï Wml%uhls' rEmlh o jia;= folla iudk

fldg olajhs' tys § isÿ jkqfha iudkd¾:jdÖ ksmd; Ndú; fkd fldg tla jia;=jla

i;= ,laIKh wfkla jia;=jg wdfrdamKh lsÍuhs'

—wef.a uqyqK i|ls˜

fuys uqyqK yd i| folla f,i fkd oelafõ' tla jia;=jla fia u oelafõ' tfy;a

uqyqK ms<sn| j¾Kkhg bka uy;a msájy,la ,efí'

³ my; oelafjk mdGfhka újrKh lr we;af;a l=ula oehs úuikak'

1' ;uka jykafia nqÿka flfrys wúksIagj l<d jQ uy fmï j;=re r|jd

.; fkdyS '''

2' tf;mq,a kue;s wudye,af,ka flda .sksl| ksù .sh

fm< fmd; weiqfrka rEml myla fidhd ,shkak'

³ mdvfï wka;¾.; WoaOD; fyd¢ka lshjd tu .µ fldgiaj, f,aLk ffY,Skays

oelsh yels úúO;d ljf¾ oehs olajkak'

NdIdjl f,aLk jHjydrfha § ksjerÈ wlaIr Ndú;h zwlaIr úkHdihZ hs' tys §

w,amm%dK" uydm%dK" oka;c" uQ¾Oc" ;d¨c" kdislH yd w¾Odkqkdisl î[a[l&

wdÈ m%fNao i,lñka ksjerÈ yd iïu; Í;s wkq.ukh l< hq;= fõ' ksjerÈ wlaIr

úkHdih wkq.ukh fkd lsÍfuka w¾:hg ndOd isÿ úh yels h' tfuka u ksjerÈ

wlaIr úkHdifhka f;dr ùfuka jpkj, wkkH;dj ì| jefÜ'

K" k wlaIr úkHdih yd iïnkaO Í;s lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

rEml

wudj;=r

nq;airK

mQcdj,sh

wlaIr úkHdih

144 145

w‚ m%;Hh - uEKs" Èh‚" ke.‚

wKq m%;Hh - mq;Kq" u,Kq" nEkKq

wdK m%;Hh - mshdK" isgdK" ue;s|dK

b‚$ bK - ne,s‚" ne,sK - jeá‚" jeáK

WKq$ WK - ne¨Kq" ne¨K - jegqKq" jegqK

w¾Kj" WIaK" RK" ;DK" j¾K" ;DIaKd" urK" kd. orK

Ñ;%K" ñY%K" ;l–K" om–K" m%dK" fYa%‚

wruqK" m%ùK" ruŒh" m%jK;d" ixl%uK" .%yKh

pKav" >Kagdr" oKavk

lrk" ork" urk" lsrkjd" urkjd

bks - bkak

ÿkq - ÿkak

.sks - .skak

f.dkq - f.dkak

f.!rjd¾: ;oaê; m%;Hhkays fhfokqfha uQ¾Oc ‘K’ ldrh hs'

R" ¾" Ia hk uQ¾Oc wl=rej,g mrj fhfokafka uQ¾Oc ‘K’ ldrh hs'

‘r’ ldrfha fjkia rEm jk rldrdxYhg yd f¾Mhg miqj fhfokafka uQ¾Oc ‘KZ ldrh hs'

¾ wl=rg yd tys fjkia wdldr jk f¾Mhg yd rldrdxYhg fuka u R" hk wlaIrj,g o mrj iajrhla fyda la" í" .a" >a" ma" Ma" Na" ï" ha" õ" ya hk wl=rla fyda lsysmhla fyda fh§ we;;a B <Õg fhfok zKZ uQ¾Oc fõ'

úNla;s m%;Hh .ekaùfï § oaú;aj jk jH[ackdlaIrhla iys; jpkj, fhfokafka oka;c ‘k’ ldrh hs'

w;S; ls%hd moj, yd lDoka; rEmj, fhfokqfha uQ¾Oc ‘K’ ldrh hs'

j¾;udk isxy, jHjydrfha jpkhl uq, ‘K’ fhfokafka ‘Kh’ hk jpkfhys muKs'

ixialD; ;;aiu kdu moj, g" G" v" V" K hk uQ¾Oc wlaIrhlg fmr y,aj fhfokqfha ‘K’ ldrhhs'

tfy;a isxy,fha j¾;udk lDoka; rEmj, § ‘r’ ldrfhka miqj fhfok ‘k’ ldrh uQ¾Oc fkd fõ'

144 145

Odrdksmd;" wurkd;a" mrks¾ñ;" iqrkr" nKavdrkdhl" msßkukjd

W;=uks" ñksiqks" <uhsks" orejks

we;sks" fllsks" ue;sks" hlsks" iemsks

wkak" pkaok" wdikak" oka;

m%Yak" o¾Yk" m%ldYk" úu¾Yk

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ysia ;ekg .e<fmk f,i k" K fhdod jpk iïmQ¾K lrkak'

¸' ue;sjr iuh ¹¸' o¾Y m:h

¸¸' úldY whs;sh ¹¸¸' ießir l=re,af,da

¸¸¸' n,j;a l .dgqj ¹¸¸¸' wdkkao ysñmd ka

¸¹' fcHaIaG Èh fhda ¸º' rlaI ixia:dj

¹' .‚; m%Ya m;%h º' m%Ndixiaf,aI h

2' tla tla mofha fhfok k" K wl=re wkqj w¾:h fjkia fõ' tu wre; biau;=

jk fia jdlH ks¾udKh lrkak

¸' ork$orK ¸¹' irk$irK

¸¸' ;K$;k ¹' kqjk$kqjK

¸¸¸' lrk$lrK ¹¸¸¸' ok$oK

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

fm< fmd; weiqre lrf.k k" K fhfok jpk ^w¾:h o iys;j& tl;=jla

ilikak'

wd,mk úNla;s m%;Hhkays oka;c ‘k’ fhfoa'

isxy,fha ia;S% ,sx. ;oaê; m%;Hhkays fhfokafka ‘k’ ldrh hs'

oka;c jH[ackdlaIrhg fmr y,aj fhfokqfha ‘k’ ldrh hs'

ixialD; jpkj, ;d¨c ‘Y’ ldrhg mrj fhfokafka ‘k’ ldrh hs'

ikaê yd iudi moj, § ‘r’ mrj zkZ fhfoa'

146 147

uQ¾Oc ‘<’ yd oka;c ‘,’ wl=re fh§u wkqj o jpkj, wre; fjkia fõ'

," < wlaIr úkHdih yd iïnkaO Í;s lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

<ore" <má" <ysre" <m¨

we;=<;" ;=<" we;=¿ ùu

m<," j<¨" n<,d" l<d,

me< - me<h ud¿ - ud¿jd

i¿ - i¿j y< - y¿

k¿ - k¿jd u¿ - u¿j

lr - l< u;=r - u;=<

ur - u< jodr - jod<

úpdr - úpd< jmqr - jmq<

isiqfm<" w,s/<" fin<uq¿

iq¿ lrkak" iq¿ mshd

ms<silr" ms<smÈk" ms<si|r

l=U,a" is,a" je,a" fmd,a" me,a" u,a

mdrj,a" f.j,a" rgj," .x.dj,

fkd fïrE hk wre; §ug ‘<’ fhfoa'

wNHka;r hk wre; §ug ‘<’ fhfoa'

‘,’ ldr folla tl ;ek fhfok úg m<uq ‘<’ uQ¾Oc fõ'

w. wl=r y,a fkdjk m%lD;sj, w. fhfok ‘<’ uQ¾Oc fõ'

w;S; ld, l%shd rEmj, ‘r’ ldrh ‘<’ njg m;a fõ'

iuQyd¾:jdÖ moj, fhfok ‘<’ we;eï úg uQ¾Oc fõ'

l=vd hk w¾:h fok ‘iq`M’ hkafkys ‘<’ uQ¾Oc fõ'

l=vd hk w¾:h fok ziq`MZ hkafkys z<Z uq¾Oc fõ' l=vd hk w¾:h fok ziq`MZ hkafkys z<Z uq¾Oc fõ' ms<s hk Wmi¾.fha ‘<’ uQ¾Oc fõ'

w. wl=r y,aj fhfok ;ekaj, ‘,’ oka;c fõ'

wm%dKjdÖ nyqjpk ‘j,a’ m%;Hfhys ‘,’ oka;c fõ'

146 147

;=,kh" ;=,s;" iu;=,kh" ;=,dj

ish¨ - ish,a, o¨ - o,a,

uy¨ - uy,a,d n¨ - n,a,d

l=re¨ - l=re,a,d uq¨ - uq,a,

ìf|kiq¨ h" .sks weúf<kiq¨ h'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ysia;ekg .e<fmk fia ,$< wl=re iqÿiq f,i fhdod jpk iïmQ¾K lrkak'

¸' ysre u`v, ¹¸' le ‚h

¸¸' ms i|r ¹¸¸' k.rj

¸¸¸' ish f;dr;=re ¹¸¸¸' k `.k

¸¹' fl ìu ¸º' jmq fl;

¹' j l=< º' k ,a;,h

2' fh§ we;s ,$< wkqj my; moj, w¾: fjkia fõ' tu w¾: ,shd olajkak'

¸' m;, - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¹' j, - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

m;< - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' j< - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸' w¨ - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¹¸' n, - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

w¿ - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' n< - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸¸' iq¨ - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¹¸¸' u, - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

iq¿ - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' u< - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¹' u¨ - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¹¸¸¸' l, - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

u¿ - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' l< - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

kQ;k Ndú;h ;=< ;d¨c ‘Y’" uQ¾Oc ‘I’ oka;c ‘i’ hkqfjka wlaIr ;=kla

olakg ,efí' f,aLkfha § tajd ksjerÈj fh§u w;HjYH fõ'

Y" I" i wlaIr úkHdih yd iïnkaO Í;s lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

wdia ¬ p¾h - wdYap¾h ksia ¬ Yío - ksYaYío

;=,Hd¾:fha îudk nj y`.jk& fhfok ‘,’ oka;c fõ'

taljpk kdu moj, w. ‘,’ oaú;ajh fhfok ;ekaj, ‘,’ oka;c fõ'

iajNdjh hk w¾:h fok ‘iq¨’ hkafkys ‘ ,’ oka;c fõ'

‘p’ fyda ‘Y’ hk wl=rg fmr we;s oka;c ‘i’ fjkqjg ;d¨c ‘Y’ wdfoaY fõ'

148 149

ksi ¬ p, - ksYap,

Ydikh úfYAI

YsIag m%Yia;s

YsIH Ydia;S%h

m%Yak m%o¾Yk

ikao¾Yk úu¾Yk

úldYk m%ldYk

Ydia;D" Y,H" BYajr" Ys,am" wdYajdi" laf,aY" Ydka;s" ftYaj¾h" Ys,am

oDIAá ¥IK hIaá NdIK

fcHaIaG m¾fhaIK >¾IKh ;DIaKd

lksIaG kHIaá wdl¾IK úIaKq

rlaIK - rËK wOHlaI - wOHË

mlaI - mË mlaIs - mËs

olaI - oË ksrlaIh - ksrËh

jdIam mqIam ksIaM,

ksIamdok ÿIafmdaIK ksIam%N

Ydia;%h m%ia;djkd ,iaik

m%ia;dr iuia; idOkh

mqia;ld,h ioyï lia;=ß

YsIH - isiq Ydik - iiqk

Y%jK - ijka Ydia;% - i;r

Y" I" i wl=re ;=fkka folla tl <`. fhfok úg ;d¨c ‘Y’ uq,ska fhfoa'

oka;c ‘k’ ldrhg fmr fhfok ‘Y’ ;d¨c fõ'

my; iòyka jpkj, ‘Y’ fhfoa'

g" G" v" V" K hk uQ¾Oc wlaIrhg fmr fhfok ‘I’ uQ¾Oc fõ'

‘la’ wlaIrh iu. tlg nefokafka ‘I’ ldrhhs'

m$M wlaIrhg fmr fndfyda úg ‘I’ fhfoa'

oka;c wl=rlg ^;" :" o" O" k& fmr fhfok ‘i’ oka;c fõ'

;;aiu ‘Y’ iys; mo isxy,hg ìfòk úg ^;oaNj jk úg& tu ‘Y’ oka;c ‘i’ njg m;a fõ'

148 149

pß; - isß; Pú - iu

pkaok - i÷ka Pkak - i;a

Ñ;a; - is; fþokh- is£u

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; § we;s moj,g .e<fmk mßÈ Y - I - i wl=re iqÿiq f,i fhdod jpk

iïmQ¾K lrkak'

¸' w gdx. YS,h ¹¸' wj H m%udKh

¸¸' ola Ys Hhd ¹¸¸' m% k m;%h

¸¸¸' n, ;D Kdj ¹¸¸¸' Y= l m%foaYh

¸¹' wNsks l%uKh ¸º' ,H ffjµ

¹' m% ;dr fmd; º' ksYa ío m%foaYh

2' my; o S we;s jpk jerÈ kï ksjerÈ lr ,shkak'

¸' foaik Yd,dj ¹¸' wrdì Ysiagdpdrh

¸¸' iólaYk lKavdhu ¹¸¸' iïNdiKh

¸¸¸' fcHd;sia idia;%h ¹¸¸¸' fldÜGdIh

¸¹' BIajr úxY;sh ¸º' fl!i,Hh

¹' ksiamdok wdh;kh º' wOHlaYKh

3' my; imhd we;s mdGj, wlaIr úkHdi jerÈ ksjerÈ lr ,shkak'

¸' l=,SK mka;s yd mQcl l=<;a iudc úm¾hdY wfmalaYd fkdl,y' ;u

fftIaj¾hh yd ila;sh fmkaùug;a tu ;;a;ajh /l .eŒug;a mQclhkag

oDv iïm%Odhkaf.a msysg fiùug isÿ úh'

¸¸' kQ;k ,dxlsl iudc ú[a[dKh m%ldI lsÍug we;s úIsIaG;u ud¾.h

idïm%Odhsl ixialD;shg wkqj yev .eiqkq ksYamdok wkq.uKh lsÍu o tfia

ke;fyd;a ngysr YsIaGdpdrfha wdNdIfhka ilia jqkq ks¾udK wKqlrkh

lsÍu o hkq j¾:udK idys;Hlrejdg uqyqk §ug we;s tla w¾N=Ohls'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tfí fjk;a úIhhl igyka fmd;la f.k tys we;s wlaIr úkHdi jerÈ

fidhd ksjerÈ lrkak'

2' mqj;am;aj, yd i`.rdj, we;s jerÈ iys; fhÿï fidhd tajd ksjerÈ lr ,shkak'

p$P iys; ;;aiu Yío isxy,hg ìf|k úg tajd o ‘i’ njg m;a fõ'

150 151

wms l;d ny lrk úg wx. p,kh" y`v Wia my;a lsÍu" uqyqfKa bßhõ wdÈfhka

woyia m%ldY lruq' tfukau mo ms<sfj< fjkia lsÍu" jdlH rgd fjkia lsÍu

;=<ska o wod< woyia m%ldY lruq' ta wkqj wikakd th uekúka f;areï .kS' tfy;a

f,aLkfha § fï i|yd wmg Wmldr jkafka úrdu ,laIK h' tajd Ndú; l< hq;=

whqre y÷kd .ksuq'

² Wmqgd oelaùul § uq, fyda ueo fldgila w;a y< nj oelaùug fhfoa' “tflfKys mq;l= jvd .;a .eyekshla ''' m,d .shd”² m%ldYhl ysia ;ek oelaùfï § o fhfoa'

uyje,s .`. ''' lkafoka werfò'

² hï m%ldYhla jvd;a meyeÈ,s lsÍfuys § fhfoa'

fmdf,dkakre wjêfha iïNdjH .µ lD;s folla ^wudj;=r" nq;airK&

,sheú‚'

uyd mrdl%undyq rc;=ud ^l%s'j' 1153 - 1186& fmdf,dkakrefõ rdcHh

úpdf<a h'

² hï woyila ;j ÿrg;a úia;r lsÍfï § fhfoa'

jhi(- wjqreÿ 15 hs' udi 2 hs' Èk 10 hs'

² my;ska olajd we;s nj oelaùug fhfoa'

tf;mq,a kue;s wud ye,af,ka flda .sks l| ksù .sh)

)mQcdj,sh

² w;a yereKq wl=re" mo" jdlHh wdÈh kej; tla lsÍfuys fhfoa'

Y%oaOdjka;fhda l=ulska fõ foda fyda hs iel is;kakg mgka .;ay'

úrdu ,l=Kq

;s;a fm< '''

jryk ^&

úia;r lsÍfï ,l=K(-

;re ,l=K )

ldl mdoh

l=ula

150 151

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk mdGj,g iqÿiq úrdu ,laIK fhdod kej; ,shkak'

¸' jykafi fï we;a pKavhe mreI he ñkSure he hq.;a .sks jekake m<uq ud

urd miq f;dm jykafi lrd fhj

¸¸' wE; neÆ ne¨jka wfka wfka lshjk we;a rc he uE; neÆ ne¨jka idOq

idOq lshjk nqÿ rcdfKda he

¸¸¸' kd,d.sßh ;d fï ùÈhg y¿fha f;, l=udrhd ksid fkdfjhs wm ksid h

W! lrd fkdf.dia wm lrd j/hs jod< fial'

2' iqÿiq mßÈ úrdu ,l=Kq fhdod kej; ,shkak' fmr fY%A‚j, § bf.k .;a

úrdu ,l=Kq o fhdod .kak'

¸' fm j 10 00 g /iaùu meje;afõ

¸¸' orejka läir úh hq;af;a wehs

¸¸¸' l%s j 1815 1948 olajd ,xldj ì%;dkH md,kh hgf;a mej;s‚

¸¹' Tng §¾>dhq fõjd

¹' iajdñka jykai uy;auhdfKks uy;añhks Bg Tnjykafiaf.a Tn;=udf.a

Tn;=ñhf.a iydh ,nd fokak

¹¸' fmr wmr foÈ. u Tyqf.a kduh m;< úh

¹¸¸' weÿre;=uks uu fyg iji ;=kg tñ

¹¸¸¸' .sks ms§u w.aks mQcdj fmr isg mej; tk mQcd úêhls

¸º' Tkak uf,a Th kdu, fk,d jfrka hkq mdre lúhl tkakls

º' fu we;a m<uq ud urd j

wudj;=r

152

uydpd¾h fiakl ììf,a úúO ÿIalr;d uOHfha

wOHdmkh ,en" thska úmq, M, fk<d .;a

úoajf;ls' t;=ud ffjµjrhl=" úYajúµd,

lÓldpd¾hjrhl=" mSGdêm;sjrhl= iy rdcH

T!IO kS;s.; ixia:dfõ iudrïNl

iNdm;sjrhd o f,i wm%;sy; ffO¾hfhka

lghq;= l< wdldrh wfma ¥ orejkag uy`.=

wdo¾Yhls' ck;djd§ ffjµ fiajdjla yd

cd;sl T!IO m%;sm;a;shla l%shd;aul lsÍfuka

fi!LH iïmkak iudchla f.dv keÕSug

lghq;= l< t;=ud cd;Hka;r ms<s.ekSug ,la jQ

udkj ys;jdÈfhls' ir, Èú fmfj;la .; l<

t;=udf.ka wmg .; yels wdo¾Y fndfyda h'

fuys oelafjkqfha ‘mQð; Ôú;’ mia jk fj¿ug fok.u isßj¾Ok úiska

iïmdÈ; ,smsh weiqfrka ilia l< mdvuls'

“ñksia j¾.hd flf¾ Tyq wiSñ; wdorhla oelajQfha h' ñksidf.a ì| jegqKq ù¾hh

k`.d isgqùug lghq;= lf<a h' jpkfha mßiudma; w¾:fhka u i;HjdÈhl=" udkj

ys;jdÈhl= jQ Tyq jekakl= h<s wms ljod olsuq o@”1978 Tlaf;dan¾ 08 jeksod fld<U cdj;a; iqidk N+ñfha § uydpd¾h ldf,da

f*dkafialdf.a uqúka fï joka .s,syqfKa úfoaYhl § urKhg m;a jQ ienE udkj

fm%Añhl= jQ uydpd¾h fiakl ììf,af.a NiaudjfYaI ;ekam;a l< wjia:dfõ § h'

“úúO n,fõ. ksid idudkH ñksid ñßflkjd' Tjqka tajdhska uqod fkdf.k"

T!IOj,ska muKla iqjm;a lsÍug is;Su uyd uq<djla' b;ska ifydaorh" wmg ck;dj

fjkqfjka ta n,fõ. iu. .efgkakg isÿ fjkjd” foiSfuka muKla fkd iEyS ta

jokays wre;a ienE Ôú;fha § l%shd;aul lsÍug wjxl jEhul fhÿKq fiakl

ú,shï ììf,a" Wm; ,enqfõ 1920 fmnrjdß 13 Èk wyx.u l;¿fõ ish ujf.a

.fï § h' Tyqf.a uj is,aúhd chj¾Okhs' mshd ìì, j,õfõ pd,aia ú,shï ììf,a h'

“ro,lfuka ug jevla keye' f.dùka ú;r ug Th ro,hka jákafk keye' uf.a

fiakl mq;dg lsß fokak thdf.a wïuf.a ;fka lsß ke;s jqKd u .fï u ÿmam;a

.Ekq weú;a lsß ÿkakd' Th ÿmam;a f.dùkaf. .eyekq ishhlf.ka ú;r uf.a mq;d

lsß fndkak we;s' uf.a .Eksf.a lsßj, hs ta .eyekqkaf.a lsßj, hs lsis fjkila

uydpd¾h fiakl ììf,a17

153

keye' mq;d wf.ag yeÿKd” hehs ish mshd lshQ l;dj fiakl ììf,af.a Ôú;h ms<sn|

oelau yev .eiaùfuys fya;= úh'

“uq¿ oyj, fmdf<dj u;af;a yefmñka wkka; ÿla mSvdj,g f.dÿre fjñka imhd

.;a f,hska fmrd .;a lsß .fï f.dú ldka;djka ug fmõjd' uf.a isrer Tjqkag

whs;s hs' uq¿ Ôú;h u Tjqkag Kh.e;s hs” hkqfjka ;reK fiakl ììf,a fï mqj;

wkdjrKh flf<a h'

fiakl ììf,a bf.kqu ,enQfha uykqjr ;%s;aj úµd,fha h' tys § Tyq mka;s

ldurfha § fuka u l%Svd msáfha §;a fuka u kdgH yd ix.S; ikao¾Ykj, §;a o

by< u oialï mEfõ h'

fiakl bf.kqu ,nñka isák ld,fha § Tyqf.a mshd ñh .sfha h' mshdf.a wNdjh

ììf,a j,õjg md;a jqKq fyKhla n÷ úh'

ish bf.kqu yudr fldg kx.Sg iy u,a,Sg b.ekaùug fiakl ;SrKh lf<a h'

“wmf.a bf.kSu i|yd úhoï oeÍug wïudg ;ksj u wmyiq h' ;d;a;d wm Ôj;a

lf<a fldfydu o lsh,d ys;kak;a neye' Tyq ñksiaiq ;<d fm<d uqo,a /ia l<

wfhla fkdfjhs' Tyq f.dùkag ish bvï § iq¿ wdodhula ,enqjd' oeka wïudg tajd

lrkak neye' ud ,enQ wOHdmkfha ;rug ug oeka lDIsl¾u ks,Odßfhla fjkak

mq¿jks' ,efnk mäfhka kx.Sg iy u,a,Sg W.kajkak mq¿jks˜ Tyq ish mka;s Ndr

.=re;=udg lSfõ h'

.=re;=ud ryis.;j th úÿy,am;s;=udg lSfõ h' fï mqj; me;sßK' fiaklf.a

bf.kSfï lghq;= i|yd ish¨ úhoï oeÍug uykqjr jeisfhla bÈßm;a úh' Tyq

ljqreoe hs oek .ekSug fiaklg ,enqfKa fndfyda l,lg miqj h'

by< u ,l=Kq ,enQ fiakl issiqjd ffjµ úµd,hg we;=¿ úh' ffjµ úoHd,hg

hdu i|yd Tyq kjd;eka .;af;a fnd/,af,a fydag,hl l=vd ldurhl h' Ôú;h

b;d lgql úh'

ffjµ úµd,fha § Tyq YsIH;aj lSmhla Èkd .;af;a h' ta ksid Tyqg uqo,a heùug

wïud fjfyi úh hq;= jQfha ke;' wvqfjka wdydr f.k" wjYH úhoï muKla ord

b;sß lr .;a uqof,ka Tyq .;af;a fmd;a h' ffjµ úµdjg wod< fmd;a fuka u

wfkla úIhhka .ek ,shejqK fmd;a o Tyqf.a rdlalfha ;sì‚'

ffjµ úµd,fha ksjdvq ld,j, § Tyq .ug .sfha fí;a fmÜáhla o /f.k h'

“mqxÑ uy;a;hd .ug tkafka ljod oe@”hs .eñfhda fiaklf.a ujf.ka wid ±k

.ks;s' Tyq meñ‚ odg miqod ììf,a j,õfõ ñksiaiq msfr;s' .ila hg nxl=jla ;nd

.kakd fiakl Tyq bÈßhg tk msßñ o .eyekq o <uhska o mÍlaId lsÍug mgka .kS'

“weiajyla lgjyla jÈkak tmd' fodia;r uy;a;h fok fí;aj,ska f,fâ

ksÜgdjg u ikSm fjkjd'”m%;sldr ,en iqj jQ .eyekshla fiaklf.a ujg lshhs' fiaklg .fï § ksjdvqjla

,enqfKa ke;' .fï f,v frda.j,g uQ,sl fya;=j wka lsisjla fkd j" ukaofmdaIKh

154

nj Tyq ÿgqfõ h' kQ.;alu ;j;a fya;=jls' uq¿ Ôú; ld,h u jevg fhdojk fï

.eñ ck;djg jefvys m%;sM, jYfhka ,efnkafka f,v frda. iy wirK uy¨

jhi mu‚'

ffjµ úµd,fha wjidk mÍlaIKfha m%;sM, ,efnk ;=re fiakl ììf,a miair"

ufvd,aisu iy ¨Kq., frday,aj, fiajh flf<a h'

m%;sM, ,eìK' Tyqg m<uq fm< idu¾:Hhla ysñ úh' ffjµ wxYhg msfok rka

molalu iy Y,H ffjµ úµdjg msfok rka molalu o Èkqfha Tyq h'

fld<U uy frdayf,a fkajdisl ffjµjrhl= f,i fiajh l< fiaklg miqj

ìx.sßfha m%dfoaYSh fi!LH fiajd wêldß ;k;=r ,eì‚' ta ;k;=f¾ fiajh lrk

w;r Tyqg fyÜáfmd< iy ìx.sßh .%dóh frday,aj, fiajh lsÍug o isÿ úh'

rcfhka jegqmla ,eîu Tyqg i;=gla jQfha ujg thska ,enqKq iykh ksid h' Tyq

wïudg ,shQ ,smshl fufia i|yka lf<a h(

“u,a,s,d iy kx.s,d .ek is;ñka is;g lror we;s lr .kak ´ke keye" wïfï"

oeka wïudg i;=áka ld,h f.jkak mq¿jks' ug oeka udisl wdodhula ,efnkjd'

u,a,s,d iy kx.s,df.a ish¨ j.lSï ud ndr .kakjd'”ìx.sßfhka Tyqg h<s ffjµ úµd,hg hkakg isÿ úh' tys lÓldpd¾h ;k;=rla

,enqKq fyhsks' úfoaYslhl= jQ uydpd¾h yeÍ l,ïnhska Tyqg tys § weiqre lsÍug

,eì‚' fiaklf.a u;jdo iu. uydpd¾hjrhd ks;r tl`. úh'

‘,dxlslhkaf.a YdÍßl fi!LHh iy Tjqkaf.a wdydr mqreÿ’ ms<sn| lafIa;%

iólaIKhla lsÍug uydpd¾h l,ïnhskaf.a b,a,Su mßÈ fiaklg isÿ úh'

fiakl Èjhsk mqrd ixpdrh lrñka iólaIKfhys fh§ jd¾;djla bÈßm;a flf<a h'

ta j¾Ifha u fiakl Wiia wOHdmkh i|yd tx.,ka;fha täkanfrda úYajúµd,hg

we;=¿ úh'

tys § Tyq uydpd¾h jdkafyâ uy;añh iu. tlaj l< m¾fhaIKhla ksid ffjµ

lafIa;%fha lS¾;su;a mqoa.,hl= njg m;a úh' iafgfrdhsâ .Khg wh;a úfYaI

fydafudak ldKavhla ms<sn|j l< ta m¾fhaIKh w.h lrñka ì%;dkH úµd i`.rd

iy mqj;a m;aj, ,sms m< úh' fjµ fiakl ììf,a ta m¾fhaIKfhys ksr; jQfha

wdpd¾h Wmdêh i|yd wOHhkhla jYfhks' Tyqf.a m¾fhaIK ksnkaOh i|yd

täkanfrda úYajúoHd,h úiska wdpd¾h fyj;a mStÉ'ã' Wmdêh msßkuk ,È'

h<s fld<U ffjµ úµd,hg meñ‚ Tyq YsIHhka fm,UjQfha ks¾udKd;aul

wOHdmkhla i|yd h' “.srjqka fkdfjuq" iajdëkj is;uqæ”w¨;a w¨;a oE fkd ;kk cd;sh f,dj fkd k`.sk nj l=udr;=x. uqksodihka lSfõ

meÈ nisks' fiakl th u .eÈ niska lSfõ h'

“wfma uq;=ka ñ;a;ka fijQ fohska wms wo m%fhdack ,nuq' wmf.ka miq ìys jk

mrmqrg o wm hula Èh hq;= h' w¨;a oE ks¾udKhg wm fm,ôh hq;= h'”“fuh ffjµ úµdjg o fmdÿ úh hq;= h' wm ngysr úµdjg jy,a ùu jerÈ h' th

155

wfma u úµdjla lr .ekSug wms fjfyfiuq' cd;sl uÜgfuka th yev.id .;

yels h' m¾fhaIKd;aulj th yodruq' wdhq¾fõo m%;sldr l%u .ek o ud wOHhk

lrkjd” Tyq ;j ÿrg;a lS h'

1954 § ffjµ úµd,fha T!IOfõoh ms<sn| wOHhk wxYhla ìys úh' tys m%Odkshd

jQfha fiakl h'

cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka fiakl ììf,a uyd mqreIhl= jQfha Tyqf.a

kdhl;ajfhka ìys jQ ck;djd§ T!IO m%;sm;a;sh ksid h'

T!IO ksIamdokh f,dj we;s fojeks l¾udka;h hs' m%Odk l¾udka;h m%Odk

ks¾hd;h wdhqO ksIamdokh hs' wfußldj" ngysr c¾uksh" ì%;dkHh" iaúÜi¾,ka;h"

cmdkh iy b;d,sh hk n,j;a rgj, m%n, iud.ï i;=j T!IO jHdmdrh ròd

mej;s‚' T!IO ksIamdokhg jvd ta ms<sn| m%pdrhg ta iud.ï úhoï oeÍ h' fï

iud.ï tl u T!IOh úúO kïj,ska ksmojd fjf<| fmd<g tù h' vhismEï

kue;s T!IO kduh oerE fí;a fm;a; i; folla ñ, jQ w;r" th u je,shï kue;s

fjf<| kdufhka T!IO iud.ï remsh,lg úlafla h' remshf,a fm;a; w.fhka

jeä nj lSug m%pdrl lghq;= i|yd úYd, uqo,la úhoï l< iud.ï" ffjµjreka ,jd

ñ, jeä fm;a; frda.Skag kshu lrù h'

w;súYd, ,dN ,enQ fï iud.ïj,g rdcH kdhlhka yeisrùug mjd yels úh'

Tjqkaf.a T!IO fjf<|dug n,mEï lrk fkd ÈhqKq rgj, md,lhkag ish rfgys

md,lhka ,jd n,mEï l< yels úh' ish rfgys ck;djg wys;lr hhs ;ykï l<

T!IO j¾. fjk;a kï fhdod fkd ÈhqKq rgj, wf,ú lsÍug ta iud.ïj,g yels

jQfha foaYmd,ksl jYfhka n,mEï lsÍug Tjqkag jQ Yla;sh ksid h' we;eï rgj,

md,lfhdaa ish ifydaor rgjeishkag jvd msgrg iud.ulska ,efnk ñ, uqo,g m%sh

l<y' rgg wkjYH fí;a j¾. o wf,ú lsÍug fï iud.ïj,g yels úh'

fiakl ììf,a fï ;;a;ajhka jgyd .ksñka YS% ,xldjg .e<fmk T!IO m%;sm;a;shla

ie,iqï lf<a h'

tys m%Odk fhdackd myla úh(

fuu fhdackd l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd 1971 iema;eïn¾ 22 jeksod YS% ,xld rdcH

T!IO kS;s.; ixia:dj msysgqjkq ,eî h' fiakl tys iNdm;sjrhd úh' ta jk úg;a

1' ,xldjg wkjYH fnfy;a j¾. f.kaùu k;r lsÍu'

2' rdcH wdh;kj,;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha;a T!IOj,g T!Iëh fyj;a ks, kduh

muKla fh§u'

3' furg T!IO f.kaùu iy furg T!IO fnod yeÍu iïmQ¾Kfhka u rcfha

wdh;khkag mejÍu'

4' ,xldfõ T!IO ksIamdokh" ;;a;aj md,k wxYh iy m¾fhaIK wxYh ÈhqKq

lsÍu'

5' T!IO .ek úµd;aul lreKq úYajdi lghq;= f,i ffjµjrekag iy fi!LH

fiajdjkays fh§ isák whg;a uyck;djg;a ,nd § Tjqka i;= oekqu mq¿,a

lsÍu'

156

Tyq fmardfo‚h úYajúµd,fha uq,a u ffjµ mSGdêm;s jYfhka lghq;= lrñka

isáfha h'

Y%S ,xld rdcH T!IO kS;s.; ixia:dfõ iNdm;s jYfhka úYd, jegqmla ,nd .ekSug

fiakl ììf,ag yelshdj ;snqK o Tyq th m%;slafIam lf<a h'

“ffjµ úµd,fhka ug jegqmla ,efnkjd' th ug m%udKj;a' cd;sl T!IO

m%;sm;a;sh ud is;k yd m;k wdldrhg l%shd;aul lssÍug ,enqfKd;a th i;=gla' ta

i;=g ug we;s' jegqm tmd” Tyq lS h'

1972 cq,s udih ;=< kj T!IO m%;sm;a;sh ksid remsh,a ,laI 60l úfoaY úksuhla

b;sß lsÍug ,xldjg yels jQ nj wekalageâ ixúOdkh jd¾;d lf<a h'

ixia:dj werfUk úg ,xldjg T!IO j¾. 4000la iud.ïj,ska f.kajkq ,eì‚'

f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh rglg w;HjYH T!IO m%udKh 240la nj ks¾foaY fldg

;sìK' iud.ïj,ska jeämqr f.kajQfha wkjYH T!IO hs' ,xldjg f.kaúh hq;=

w;HjYH T!IO m%udKh 171la nj fiakl lS h' ta wkqj ta m%udKh muKla

f.kaùug Tyq mshjr .;af;a h'

,xldfjys u T!IO ksmoùu Tyqf.a B <`. wruqK úh' j¾Ihlg remsh,a ,laI 19la

wuqøjH msgráka f.kajk fnfy;a fm;s iy lr,a ksmojk lïy,a 15la iud.ï i;=

j ;sìK' rcfha fnfy;a .nvdj iy fm!oa.,sl wxYh remsh,a ,laI 71l fí;a

msgráka f.kaù h' wuqøjH iy fnfy;a f.kaùug remsh,a ,laI 90la msgrgg heùu

wmrdOhla fia ie,l+ fiakl fnfy;a iE§ug wuqøjH f.kaùu uq¿ukska u

ixia:djg mejÍug lghq;= flf<a h'

1976 § fkd ne¢ cd;Skaf.a iuq¿j fld<U meje;aú‚' fkd ne¢ rgj, kdhlhkaf.a

ksfhdað;fhda ,xldfõ l%shd;aul jk T!IO m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| fidhd neÆy'

fiakl Tjqkag lreKq meyeÈ,s flf<a h' ;=ka jirla ;=< remsh,a fldaá 11l úfoaY

úksuh /l foñka wvq ñ,g jeä w.hla we;s T!IO ,nd §fuka" fm!oa.,sl T!IO

iud.ïj, úúO n,mEïj,g uqyqK foñka fï ixia:dj bgq l< ck;d fufyjr

ÿgq fkd ne¢ rgj, kdhlfhda “wfma rgj,;a fï T!IO m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul l<

hq;=hs' wmg u`. fmkajkak"”hs fiaklf.ka b,aÆy'

Bg wkqj ffjµ úµd,fhka iy T!IO ixia:dfjka bj;a ù wekalageâ ixúOdkfha

fcHaIAG T!IO m%;sm;a;s úfYAI{hd f,i Tyq ðkSjd k.rfha § jev ndr .;af;a h'

á%ksvEâ" cefuhsld" ndfífvdaia" fvdñksld" f.%kdâ" wekaá.d" mqjfgdaßflda" .hkd

hk leÍìhka ¥m;aj, ck;dj i|yd T!IO m%;sm;a;shla ilia lsÍu fiaklg

mejß‚'

ta ¥m;aj, weúo jd¾;djla ms<sfh, lsÍu m<uq lghq;a; úh' wk;=rej ieliQ

jd¾;dj wekalagEâ ixúOdkfha idlÉPdjg ,la úh' th jyd l%shd;aul l< hq;=

jevms<sfj<la nj ixúOdkh úiska ms<s.kakd ,È'

tys § ,o w;aoelSï ms<sn|j Tyq fufia mejiS h(

157

“wm ixpdrh l< iEu ;ekl È u wmg olskakg ,enqfKa wfma rfÜ ììf,a § ud

ÿgq mSvdjg ,la jQ ñksiqka u hs' ta wirK ck;djg T!IO u.ska fyda fiajh lsÍug

wmg ,enqKq fï wjia:dj w; yßkak neye' we;a;g u T!IO m%;sm;a;shlska muKla

fï ck;djf.a Ôú; iemj;a lrkak neye' Tjqka uqod .ekSug f,dj mqrd me;=reKq

uyd ck;d úma,jhla wjYH hs'''”fiaklg ;u woyi l%shd;aul l< fkd yels úh' yÈis yDohdndOhlska Tyq ñh

.sfha h'

tla fiakl ììf,a flkl= fufia ñh .sh o rgj,a lsysmhl u fiakl ììf,a

jekafkda ìys jqKy'

íafÜ%,shdfõ cd;sl T!IO m%;sm;a;s uKav,fha kshuq fodia;r ydá 1993 § ,xldjg

meñK fufia lS h(

“,xldj l÷ uqÿkls' fiakl ììf,a tys nenf<k mykls' wms ta myfka t<sfhka

wfma rgj, T!IO m%;sm;a;s yod .kafkuq'”

wjfndaOh

1' uydpd¾h fiakl ììf,a úiska ork ,o ;k;=re fudkjd o@

2' Tyqf.a uq¿ Ôú;h u whs;s hehs mejfikafka ldyg o@ tfia lSug fya;=j

l=ula o@

3' YS% ,xldjg .e<fmk mßÈ ie,iqï l< cd;sl T!IO m%;sm;a;shg we;=<;a jQ

fhdackd fudkjd o@

4' úfoaYslhka mjd fudyq wdo¾Yhg .kakd nj oelafjk mdGh Wmqgd olajkak'

5' fu;=udf.a pß;fhka Tng ,nd .; yels wdo¾Y fudkjd o@

,sÅ; wNHdi

my; i|yka jpkj, w¾: meyeÈ,s lrkak'

1' T!IO -

2' m¾fhaIK -

3' ks¾hd; -

4' m%;sm;a;sh -

5' fm!oa.,sl -

6' úµd;aul -

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' wm Ôú;hg wdo¾Y .; yels pß;hla wOHhkh lrkak'

2' Tyqf.a$wehf.a Ôú;fhka wmg ,nd .; yels wdo¾Y ms<sn|j mka;sh bÈßfha

l;djla meje;aùug iQodkï jkak'

158

jd¾;d hkq lsishï isÿùula ms<sn| f;dr;=re f,aLk.; lsÍfï l%uhls'

mqj;am;a jd¾;d" /iaùï jd¾;d wdÈ úúO jd¾;d j¾. we;' mqj;am;a jd¾;d hkq

tÈfkod wikakg olskakg ,efnk isÿùï weiqfrka mqj;am;a i|yd iïmdokh

flfrk jd¾;d h' mqj;am;a jd¾;djl § wod< isÿùug iïnkaO mqoa.,hka" th isÿ jQ

ia:dkh" Èkh" fõ,dj" isÿ jQ wdldrh" miqìï f;dr;=re wdÈh ksrjq,aj meyeÈ,sj

we;=<;a l< hq;= h' w;HjYH f;dr;=re muKla igyka lr wkjYH §¾> úia;r

neyer lsÍu jeo.;a fõ'

/iaùï jd¾;djl § o /iaùu meje;ajQ ldrKh" Èkh" fõ,dj" ia:dkh" iyNd.s jQ

wh igyka lsÍu w;sYh jeo.;a jk w;r /iaùfï § idlÉPd l< lreKq ixlaIsma;j

ksrjq,aj yd ksjerÈj bÈßm;a l< hq;=h'

fuys § wjOdkh fhduq flfrkafka mqj;am;a jd¾;d flfrys h'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tn mdif,a jd¾Isl ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh ms<sn|j mqj;am;lg fhduq lsÍu i|yd

jd¾;djla ilia lrkak'

2' úúO f;aud Tiafia iïmdokh ù we;s mqj;am;a jd¾;d tla /ia lr ,sms f.dkqjla

ilia lr mka;sfha hy¿jka iu. yqjudre lr f.k tajd mßYS,kh lrkak'

,xldfõ YsIHhl=f.a kñka ;rejla'''

• wl,xl ñoafo‚h

.f,kaì÷Kqjej m%foaYfha mdi,a YsIHhl= jk fla' Ô' ÈfkaIa wkqreoaO

Ñ;%dkkao lmqf.a úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o hdka;s%l Ü/lagrh weußld

tlai;a ckmofha weßfidakd m%dka;fha *Skslaiays § mej;s bkafg,a cd;Hka;r

úoHd bxðfkare m%o¾Ykfha bf,laÜßla bxðfkare wxYfha m%:u ia:dkh Èkd

.ekSug iu;a ù we;' Tyq tu iïudkh Èkd .ekSfuka wk;=rej Tyqf.a kñka

;rejla kï lsÍug kdid wdh;kh lghq;= lr we;s nj mejfia' tu ;r.h

i|yd rgj,a 76la ksfhdackh lrñka 1500lg jeä msßila iyNd.s ù we;'

jd¾;dlrKh

159

W;aijhla" /iaùula" jevuq¿jla jeks lsishï úfYaIs; wjia:djl tu wjia:djg

wod< ld¾hhka ksYaÑ; ld, rduqjlg yd wkqms<sfj<lg fm< .iajd ilia lrk

,o ie,eiaula kHdh m;%hla f,i ye¢kafõ'

my; oelafjkafka rdcH idys;H iïudk m%odfkda;aijfha kHdh m;%hls' tys tla

tla ld¾hhka Bg kshñ; fõ,dj iy ls%hd;aul lrkafkda ljqre o wdÈ f;dr;=re

we;=<;a lr we;s wdldrh úuid n,kak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mka;sfha idys;H iñ;sh fyda fjk;a iñ;shl fyda /iaùula i|yd kHdh m;%hla

ilia lrkak'

2' mdif,a jd¾Isl lS%vd W;aijh i|yd kHdh m;%hla ms<sfh, lrkak'

kHdh m;%

160

miq.sh oi wjqreÿ ld,fha § f,dalfha iy Y%S ,xldfõ .x j;=r" kdhhEï iy iqkdñ

jeks Nhdkl iajdNdúl wk;=re jeä fjñka mj;sk ;;a;aajhla oelsh yels h'

yÈis wjia:djlg wm uqyqK fok wdldrh iy thska wdrlaId ùfï l%shd ms<sfj<

ms<sn|j wm ish¨ fokd u oekqj;aj isàu w;HjYH h' wdmod l<ukdlrKh

hkq l=ula o hkak;a wdmodjla uekúka l<ukdlrKh lr .kafka flfia o

hkak;a ms<sn|j lreKq wka;¾.; lrñka fuu mdvu ilia lr ;sfí'

wm mkai,g <Õd jk úg .fï f,dl= l=vd" nd, uy¨ yeu fokd u mdfya tys

meñK isáhy' ‘wdmod l<ukdlrK wud;HdxYh’ hkqfjka ku i|yka iqÿ meye

jEka ßhla mkai,a ñÿf,a k;r lr ;sì‚' u| fõ,djlska ks,OdÍ uy;au uy;aóyq

lsysm fofkla O¾u Yd,dfõ isá msßi wìuqjg meñ‚ w;r" tla ks,OdÍ uyf;la

b;d m%shukdm whqßka wm wu;d l;d lrkakg úh(

“wfma flá oekqï §ug Tn ieu b;d fyd| m%;spdrhla olajd ;sfnkjd''' tA

iïnkaOfhka wm Tng ia;=;sjka; fjkjd' wm wo meñ‚fha wdmod l<ukdlrK

wud;HdxYh u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk m%cdj oekqj;a lsÍfï /iaùula i|yd hs'''”;j;a kï ug lg mshdf.k isákakg neß njla oeks‚'

“udfï" wdmodjla lshkafka úm;lafka''' úm;la fldfydu o l<ukdlrKh

lrkafka'''@

“wkak fyd| m%Yakhlaæ” Tyq jvd;a Woafhda.su;a jkq fmks‚' nyq udOH m%lafIamK

hka;%h l%shd;aul l< Tyq ‘wdmod’ hk jpkh i|yd we;s ks¾jpk lsysmhla wmg

m%o¾Ykh lf<A h' tAjdfhys fufia i|yka j ;sì‚(

18 wdmod l<ukdlrKh

—wdmod hkq yÈis fyda úYd, wjdikdjka; jHikhls'˜

- Tlaia*¾â YíofldaIh

161

fuu ks¾jpk fmkajd wjik tu ks,OdÍ uy;d ‘wdmod’ hk jpkh ;j ÿrg;a

wmg y÷kajd foñka l;d lf<a h(

“wdmodjla lshkafk laI‚lj fyda l%ñl j¾Okhla úÈhg isÿ jk fohla' tA u.sska

úYd, ydkshla isÿ fjkjd' tu ydksh foam< ydks" Ôú; ydks hk wxY foflka u

isÿ fjkak mq¿jka' tA;a mßirfha ks;r isÿ jk Wjÿre yeu tlla u wk;=rla

wdmodjla fjkak kï lreKq lsysmhla iïmQ¾K úh hq;=hs'”“wfka uy;a;fhda" fï fld¨-l=reÜgkag oek .kak;a tlal ´l álla úia;r

fldr,u lshkagflda” hs msßi bÈßfha u isá nqrïms iShd lE .eiqfõ h'

“Tõ iSfha" hï úm;la wdmodjla f,i ie,lSug cd;Hka;rj ms<s.;a ks¾Kdhl

;sfnkjd' ta wkqj hï úm;lska ñksiqka oi fofkl= Ôú;laIhg m;a jqj fyd;a" ish

fofkl=g jeä ixLHdjlg n,mEula we;s jqj fyd;a th wmodjla f,i ie,flkjd'

tjeks wjia:dj, § cd;Hka;r jYfhka Wojq b,a,d isáh yelshs' tfia;a ke;skï

yÈis wjYH;dj,ska fmf<k rdcHhla f,i m%ldYhg m;a lsÍug bv ;sfnkjd'

fï lreKqj,ska wvq u ;rñka tlla j;a fmkakqï lrk úm;la ;uhs wdmodjla

yeáhg y÷kajkak mq¿jka fjkafk'”“b;ska uy;a;fhda" ´jd wo Bfh fjk foaj,a he@' wdÈ ldf, ysgka u ´jd jqKd

fkj@' b;sx fudflda fï oeka ú;rla /iaùï mj;ajkak fya;=j@'” nqrïms iShd

flaka;sfhka úuiqfõ h'

“iShd yß' wdÈ ldf, b|ka u wdmod isÿ jqKd''' fn!oaO iQ;%j,;a" nhsn,fha;a fuu

wdmod .ek i|yka fjkjd' úfYaIfhka u w.a.[a[ iQ;%h" ,laLK iQ;%h" uyd

mßksíndk iQ;%h jf.a iQ;%j, wdmod .ek i|yka fjkjd'''”“wehs uy;a;fhda" wfma cd;l fmd;@ tAfl ;sfhk ixL cd;fla" t;fldg iuqøjd‚c

cd;fla" uyd ckl cd;fla Th úm;la .ek lshfjkj fkj fnd,x'''” nqrïms iShd

oeka idlÉPdjg yßu Wkkaÿ h'

“wehs wfma nhsnf,;a ;sfhkjd wdmod .ek' W;am;a;s l;d w;r ;sfhk fkdajdf.a

l;dj tfyu tlla' tfl;a ;sfhkjd úYd, c, .e,aula .ek'''” uf.a hy¿jd

tßla o l;djg iïnkaO úh'

“fndfydu fyd|hs' Tn yeu fokd u ug iydh fjkjd" tAl ug myiqjla'''” ks,OdÍ

uy;df.a uqyqK m%ikak iskdjlska msÍ f.dia h'

—ñksid úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o fyda iajdNdúl j we;s jk" ;dlaI‚lj fyda l%udkql+,j j¾Okh jQ" thg f.dÿre jk ck;djg úúO iqúfYaI mshjr wkq.ukh lsÍug isÿ jk isÿùula wdmodjla fõ'˜

- wdmod l<ukdlrejkaf.a w;afmd;^wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j&

162

“wehs udfï" úydr uyd foaúf. l;dj''' tA

.ek uydjxfY ;sfhkjdfka uqyqo f.dv

.e¨jd lsh,d le,‚;siai rÊcqrejkaf.

ldf,'''” isßu,S wlald l;djg tla

jQjd h'

“fï Tlafldu we;a;' tA;a w;Sf; ñksiaiq

iajdNdúl úm;aj,g foaj;ajh wdrEV

l<d' tA ksid tAjd j<lajkakg W;aidy

lf<a kE' kuq;a wdmod ms<sn| oekqj;a

ùu;a" wdmodj,ska isÿ jk ydks wju lr

.ekSfï l%u Ys,am oek .ekSu;a ksid wo

fjkfldg wdmod wNsfhda.hg ukdj

uqyqK §fï yelshdjla ;sfnkjd'”“Th wdmod ldKav l< yelshs fka o@

iajdNdúl wdmod yd ñksia l%shdldrlï

weiqfrka ks¾udKh jk wdmod lsh,d@˜

ud msßi foi yeÍ ne¨fõ úiaufhks'

wdmod .ek fu;rï okakd flkl= wfma

.fï isá;s hs uu fkd oek isáfhñ' tA

p;=r whshd h' Tyq úYajúoHd,fha bf.k

.kshs' ;ud tys N+f.da, úoHdj yodrk

nj Èkla Tyq ug lshd ;sì‚'

“fndfydu yßæ” ks,Odß uy;d lSfõ

h' “iajdNdúl wdmod;a kej; fldgia

follg fnokak mq¿jka foaY.=‚l

wdmod N+ fN!;sl iy N+ úoHd;aul

wdmod lsh,'''”ud o p;=r whshd fuka úh hq;= hehsZ uf.a

is; lSfõ h' uu o woyia oelajQfhñ'

“udfï" foaY.=‚l wdmodj,g WodyrK

úÈhg kshÕ" c, .e,Sï tfyu lshkak

mq¿jka fkao@”“Tõ mq;d' tAjdg wu;rj fgdkdfvda;a"

wfma rgg wd.ka;=l jqK;a fjk;a rgj,

;sfhk je,s l=Kdgq" .a,eishr" ysu jeis"

wêl WIaK;ajh" wl=Kq .eiSï tfyu;a

.kak mq¿jka'”“fgdkdfvda@ tA fudlla o udfï@”

iqkdñ wjia:djla

wl=Kq iy l=Kdgq wjia:djla

fgdakdfvda wjia:djla

163

“fgdkdfvda lshkafk mqf;a iq<s iq<xj,g' iq<s iq<Õla lshkafk WKqiqï c, mDIaGh

u; we;s jk ksj¾;k l=Kdgqjla' iq<s iq<Õl ,laIK ;uhs wêl jeis" ;o iq<x"

.x.d fyda we< ud¾. Èf.a rg ;=<g wefok by< .sh uqyqÿ r< jf.a foaj,a' iq<s

iq<Õla ojia lSmhla mj;skak mq¿jka'”“b;sx udfï" tA jf.a fgdkdfvdajla tk nj oek .kak úÈhla keoao@” uu weiqfjñ'

“;sfhkjd" fgdkdfvdajla tk nj wyfia j,dl=¿j, yevfhka oek.kak mq¿jka'

yßhg u ìïu,la jdf.a j,dl=¿ leá .efykjd'''”“t;fldg uy;a;fhda" fudkj o Th lshmq wks;a iajdNdúl wdmod j¾.h'''” msßi

w;ßka ke.S isá uq,a .=re;=ud úuiqfõ h'

“wks;a j¾.h ;uhs N+ fN!;sl iy N+ úoHd;aul wdmod" kdh hEï" N+ lïmd"

iqkdñ" .sksl÷ msmsÍï wdÈh fïjg WodyrK úÈhg olajkak mq¿jka' fïjdhska

iuyr iajdNdúl wdmod laI‚l j isoaO fjkak mq¿jka' iuyr wdmod §¾> ld,hla

;siafia l%udkql+,j isoaO fjkak mq¿jka'”“wd''' ug f;areKd''' kdh hEï laI‚lj isoaO fjkjd' kshÕhla kï isoaO fjkafk

l%udkql+,j' yß fkao udfu@” ug lsheú‚'

“yßhg yß' mq;d fï .ek fndfydu Wkkaÿhs jf.a''''” Tyq lS h' uu m%S;sfhka

msïfnñka isáñ'

“Tn lsõ wfkla wdmod j¾.h ms<sn|j;a msßi oekqïj;a lf<d;a fyd|hs fkao@˜

p;=r whshd úuiqfõ h'

“Tõ uq,a ldf, kï ;snqfKa iajdNdúl wdmod muKhs' ta;a ñksiqka úoHd;aul yd

;dlaI‚l {dkfhka ÈhqKq fjoa§ wdmod ks¾udKhg ñksiqkq;a ueÈy;a jqKd' tA

wkqj udkj ueÈy;a ùfuka isÿ jk wdmod;a wo nyq,j ;sfnkjd'''”“tA wdmod;a ldKavj,g fnokak mq¿jka fka o@” p;=r whshd úuiqfõ h'

“Tõ' ld¾ñl wdmod" m%jdyk wdmod yd úúO wdmod lsh,d fnÈh yelshs' Th ridhksl

øjH mqmqrd hEï" ridhksl øjH msgdr .e,Sï" úlsrK ydks" .sks .ekSï jf.a foaj,a"

t;fldg úI jdhq ldkaÿ ùï" úI YÍr.; ùï''' fï Tlafldu ld¾ñl wdmod¦ ld¾ñl

ÈhqKqj ksid we;s jk wdmod'

“t;fldg ud¾. wk;=re" ÿïßh wk;=re" .=jka wk;=re jf.a foaj,a" m%jdyk wk;=re'''”“úúO wdmod lshkafk ksjdi lvd jeàï" ksjdi .sks .ekSï" Èfha .s,Sï jf.a foaj,a'”“udfï" ,xldjg f.dvla u n,mdkafk iqkdñ" iq<s iq<x" N+ñlïmd" kdh hEï" .x

j;=r" kshÕ" wl=Kq ier je§ï jf.a wdmod fkao@” uu weiSñ'

“mq;d yß' fï wdmodj,ska ñfokak;a m%cdj ;=< wdmodj,ska ñ§fï l%u Ys,amh .ek

oekqula ;sfhkak ´k'”“Th t;fldg uy;a;fhda" wdmod l<ukdlrKh ;shkafk fudlla o@” nqrïms

iShdf.a uqyqfKa mqÿuh msß,d h'

164

ks,OdÍ uy;d h<s;a m%lafIamK hka;%h l%shd;aul lr" wdmod l<ukdlrKh

iïnkaO ks¾jpk lsysmhla m%o¾Ykh lf<a h' idlÉPdj meje;afjk w;r;=r

ks,OdÍ uy;ajreka úiska fnod fok ,o fld<j, uu tAjd igyka lr .;sñ'

m%Odk jYfhka u wdmod wjia:djla fldgia ;=klg fnod olajkak mq¿jka' tA ;uhs

mQ¾j wdmod wjia:dj" wdmodj isÿ jk wjia:dj yd mYapd;a wdmod wjia:dj jYfhka'

oeka n,kak fooyia y;r j¾Ifh wfma rgg we;s jqKq iqkdñ jHikfhka miafi

wmg blaukg u h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a fjkak mq¿jka jqfKa mYapd;a wdmod wjia:d

iïnkaOfhka fyd¢ka wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu ksid'”“tA lshkafk uy;a;fhda" wdmod isoaO fjkak l,skq;a" wdmodj isÿ jk wjia:dfj;a"

wdmodj isÿ jqKdg miafi;a wdmod l<ukdlrKh lrkak mq¿jka lshk tl

fka o@” tjr m%Yakh uq,a .=re;=udf.ks'

“yßhg u yß' tA;a fï rfÜ wdmod je<elaùug;a mqkre;a:dmk lghq;= yd kej; bÈ

lsÍï iïnkaOfhkq;a l%uj;a kS;s moaO;shla ;snqfK kE' fï wvqj mqrjkak mk;a

folla iïu; lr, ;sfhkjd fooyia mfya cQks oy;=ka fjksod b|, l%shd;aul

fjk úÈhg'''”“tA mk;a fol fudkj o udfï@” uu weiSñ'

“tlla ;uhs mqf;a" 2005 wxl 13 ork Y%S ,xld wdmod l<ukdlrK mk;' wfkl

;uhs 2005 wxl 16 ork iqkdñ ^úfYaI úê úOdk& mk;'”“fu;k mdi,a hk jhfi orefjd;a yqÕla bkak nj ug fmfkk ksid mdi,a

wdmod wdrlaIK jevigyk .ek;a hula lsõfjd;a fyd|hs lshd ug ysf;kjd'”“wfka lshkak udfï" t;fldg tA .ek wms wfma hd¿jkag;a lshkakï” uf.a kx.S

iqud,s lSjd h'

“tAl fyd|hs' mdi,a wdmod wdrlaIK jevigykg wh;a ld¾hhka ;uhs( mdi,a

wdmod lñgq ia:dms; lsÍu" mdi,a mßirh ;=< wk;=reodhl ia:dk fidhd

.ekSu" tAjd wdrlaIs; ia:dk njg m;a lsÍu" .sks Wjÿfrka wdrlaId ùu i|yd

.=rejreka yd orejka oekqj;a lsÍu" m%:udOdr yd yÈis wjia:d ie,iqula ilia lsÍu

—wdmod l<ukdlrKh jHjydßl úoHdjls' tuÕska wdmod ms<sn|j l%uj;a iy úêu;a ksÍlaIKhka" .fõIKhka yd úYAf,aIKhka weiqfrka wdmodjka we;s ùug fmr yd miq we;s l%shdj,sh úêu;a ie,eiaula yd l%uj;a md,khla hgf;a fufyhjkq ,efí' wdmod l<ukdlrKh u.ska wdmod j<lajd .ekSu" wdmod wju lsÍu" wdmod i|yd iQodkï ùu" iykdOdr iemhSu" mqkre;a:dmkh yd m%;sixialrKh ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh .ek úuiSula o lrkq ,efí'

- cd;sl wdmod l<ukdlrK uOHia:dkh" 2005

165

wdÈ jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍu' jevigykaj,g foujqmshkag" .=rejrekag jf.a u

orejkag;a iyNd.s fjkak mq¿jka' wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd fï m%foaYfha mdi,a

lsysmhl u tA jevigyka ms<sn|j oekqj;a lsÍfï /iaùï mj;ajkak;a'''˜

“wfka yenEg uy;a;fhda" wms mqxÑ ikaÈfh kx kshfÕka" N+ñlïmdj,ska" c,

.e,Sï jf.a fldhs úme;a;sfhkq;a fífrkak foú foaj;djqkag mqo mQcd meje;a;=jd¦

ndrydr jqKd¦ f;dú,a-mú,a kegqjd' tA;a oeka rg fudk ;rï ÈhqKq o@ lsh, oekqhs

´x f;arefKa'''” nqrïms iShdf.a i;=g byjyd f.disks'

yÈis wdmod wjia:djla we;s jqj fyd;a oekqï Èh hq;= ¥rl:k wxl yd kdh hEï"

iq<s iq<x" wl=Kq wk;=re" iqkdñ wdÈ foa ms<sn|j ieliqKq l=vd fmd;a iy fmdaiag¾

f;d.hla o wmg fkdñf,a u ,nd ÿka Tjqyq wfma iyfhda.hg ia;=;s lrñka

msg;a j .shy'


wjfndaOh

1' mdvu lshjd" wid we;s m%Yakj,g ms<s;==re ,shkak'

¸' wdmodjla hkqfjka ye¢kafjkafka l=ula o@

¸¸' wdmod hk jpkhg Èh yels ks¾jpkhla ,shkak'

¸¸¸' hï úm;la wdmodjla ùug lreKq lsysmhlska tlla j;a iïmQ¾K úh hq;= h'

ta lreKq fudkjd o@

¸¹' wdmod ms<sn| b;sydih msßlaiSfï § wmg yuq jk uQ,dY%hka fudkjd o@

¹' wdmod l<ukdlrKh hkakg Èh yels ks¾jpkhla mdvfuka fidhd ,shkak'

m%cdj - ck;dj

jHikh - úm;" lrorh

c, mDIaGh - c, ;,h

jHjydßl úµd - úoHd;aul fidhd .ekSï iy oekqu ñksidf.a m%dfhda.sl

Ndú;h i|yd fhdod .ekSu wruqKq lr .;a úoHdj

ksj¾;k l=Kdgq - ksj¾;k l,dmfha wvq mSvk flakaøhla jgd i¾ms,dldrj

N%uKh jk ;o iq<x ;;a;ajhla

166

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mdvu fyd¢ka lshjd wdmod j¾.SlrKh ms<sn|j f;dr;=re oelafjk o< igykla

ms<sfh, lrkak'

2' mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï mylg fnfokak'

lKavdhu 01

iqkdñ ;;a;ajhla hkq l=ula o hkak y÷kajd" iqkdñh hk wdmodj

l<ukdlrKh lr .; yels whqre mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

lKavdhu 02

wl=Kq wk;=re y÷kajd" tu jHikh l<ukdlrKh lr .kakd wdldrh

mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

lKavdhu 03'

kdh hEï y÷kajd" tu jHikh uekúka l<ukdlrKh lr .kakd whqre

olajkak'

lKavdhu 04'

iq<s iq<x hkak y÷kajd" th we;s jk wdldrh;a tu wdmodj l<ukdlrKh

lr .kakd wdldrh;a bÈßm;a lrkak'

lKavdhu 05'

N+ñ lïmd ;;a;ajhla hkq l=ula oehs y÷kajkak' tu wdmodj uekúka

l<ukdlrKh lr .kakd wdldrh mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

fmd;m; mßYS,kfha § Tng wjfndaO lr .ekSug ÿIalr jk jpk yuq úh yels h'

tu jpkj, w¾:h b;d ksjerÈj Tng oek .; yels fyd| u l%uh jkafka

YíofldaIhla Ndú; lsÍu hs' isxy, YíofldaI ish,a,l u jpk olajd we;af;a

w" wd" we" wE wdÈ jYfhka wldrdÈ ms<sfj<g h'

fuys oelafjkafka YíofldaIhlska Wmqgd .kakd ,o msgqjls'

YíofldaI mßyrKh

167

YS% iqux., YíofldaIh

168

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' fuys oelafjk YíofldaI msgqj Wmldr lrf.k my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re

imhkak'

¸ my; oelafjk fhÿï i|yd WÑ; ;ks jpkh ,shkak'

w' hym;a ñ;%hd

wd' ñysß f>daIh we;a;d

we' ish¨ l,djkag wêm;s fojÕk

wE' fmdf<dj keue;s ldka;dj

b' r;= ;=vq yd md we;s yxihd

B' OdkH uçk ia:dkh

2' my; i|yka YíofldaI Tnf.a úoHd,hSh mqia;ld,fhka ,nd f.k tAjd ms<sn|j

wOHhkh lrkak'

isxy, YíofldaIh - ixialD;sl fomd¾;fïka;=j

Y%S iqux., YíofldaIh - je,súáfha fidar; kdysñ

m%dfhda.sl isxy, YíofldaIh - wdpd¾h yßiapkaø úfÊ;=x.

isxy, mdßNdIsl YíofldaIh - wdpd¾h yßiapkaø úfÊ;=x.

3' wdmod l<ukdlrKh iïnkaO my; i|yka jpkj, w¾: fhda.H YíofldaIhla

mßYS,kh lrñka fidhd ,shkak'

¸' úlrKh$i¾ck wdrlaIKh ¹' fjda,aàh;dj

¸¸' l%udxl$oyre ¹¸' wdfrdamKh

¸¸¸' N+ lïmk udkh ¹¸¸' Ldokh

¸¹' úi¾ckh ¹¸¸¸' jix.;$fmakqj

by; jpk fhdod jdlHh ne.ska ;kkak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' kQ;k isxy, wlaIr ud,dj wkqms<sfj<ska ,shd olajkak'

2' mdvfï Tng fkd jegfyk jpk f,aLkhla ms<sfh, lr f.k Yío

fldaIhlska fidhd w¾: ,shkak'

3' mka;sfha isák Tfí fyd| u hy¿jka oy fokl=f.a kï wldrdÈ ms<sfj<g

ilid ,shkak'

4' ‘wdmod l<ukdlrKfha jeo.;alu’ hk uefhka rpkdjla ,shkak'

PB 169

lsishï ld¾hhla lsÍfï § jvd;a myiq ux fiùu ukqIH iajNdjh hs' NdId

Ndú;fha § o fï O¾u;dj n, mj;ajhs' Yío WÉpdrKfha § we;eï Yío

bj;a ù fjk;a Yío msúiSu;a we;eï Yíoj, iajrEmh fjkia ùu;a oel .;

yels h' fuh ksrdhdifhka isÿ jkakls' fuhska NdId Ndú;h myiq o

w,xldrj;a o iqug o fjhs' jHdlrKfha § ‘ikaê’ hkqfjka ye¢kafjkqfha

WÉpdrKfha myiqj i|yd isÿ jk Yío .e<mSfï l%uhls'

fuf,i Yío ixúOdkfha § o wms úúO l%uj,ska tajd tl;= lruq' tf,i tl;= lsÍu

ksid"

³ WÉpdrK myiqj we;s fõ'

³ Yío flá ùu isÿ fõ'

³ NdIdfõ jHla; Ndjhla we;s fõ'

Èh myrla .,d hk ud¾.fhys Bg ndOl jk .,a

mr" j<j,a" uq,a wdÈh fjhs tajd bj;a lsÍfuka Èh

myr myiqfjka .,d hhs' tfuka u Yío

WÉpdrKhg ndOd flfrk Yío neyer lsÍfuka"

w¨;a Yío tla lsÍfuka yd we;eï Yíoj, iajrEmh

fjkia lsÍfuka myiqfjka WÉpdrKh lsÍug wjldYh ie,fia'

NdId Ndú;fha § myiq Ndú;hg ndOl jk wx. bj;a lsÍu" wNskj wx. msúiSu yd

mj;akd Yíohl iajrEmh fjkia ùu ikaê lsÍu hkqfjka ye¢kafjhs' fujeks

ikaê úê lSmhls'

.=re ¬ W;=ud - .=re;=ud

ov ¬ lï - ovhï

ú ¬ wjq,a - úhjq,a

ikaê

Yíohla fyda Yío lSmhla bj;a lsÍu f,damh hs'

mj;sk Yíohla fjkqjg fjk;a Yíohla meñKùu wdfoaYh hs'

mj;sk Yío w;rg w¨;a Yíohla tla lsÍu wd.uh hs'

19

ikaê hkq NdId jHjydrfha §

iómj msysá wl=re$ Yío ukd

fia .e<mSfï l%uhls'

fuh mQ¾j - wmr j¾K .e<mSu

hkqfjka w¾: oelafjhs'

170 171

ikaê jkafka mo folla w;r nj fï wkqj meyeÈ,s fjhs' ikaê jQ mo fol fjka

fldg .ekSu úikaêh fõ' ikaê jQ mohl w¾:h jgyd .ekSug úikaêh WmldÍ fõ'

úikaêfhys úúO rgd y÷kd .; yels h'

w;ska ¬w; - w;sk;

u,aa ¬w;a; - u,a,;a;

ñksia ¬ wd - ñksid

.=K ¬w.=K - .=Kd.=K

hk ¬tk - hfkk

je,s ¬ wïmsáh - je,a,ïmsáh

f.;a ¬lï - f.;a;ï

ÿla ¬ m;a - ÿmam;a

mia ¬ ish - mkaish

o~q ¬lï - o~qjï

.Õ ¬ Èh - .xÈh

nqÿ ¬ irK - nq;airK

fuf,i úúO whqßka iefok ikaê j¾. lSmhls' ikaê ùï fojeoEreï fldg

oelafjhs'

m%lD;s - m%;Hh w;r fyda m%lD;shla we;=<; fyda isÿ jk ikaê

.ia ¬ ta > .fia

fmd;a ¬ ta > fmdf;a

m%lD;s folla fyda mo folla w;r isÿ jk ikaê ikaê jQ rEmfhka fuka u

úikaê l< rEmfhka o ,súh yels h'

jH[ackdlaIrhlska fl<jr ù iajrhlska wdrïN jk Yío

iajrhlska fl<jr ù iajrhlska wdrïN jk Yío

jH[ackdlaIrhlska fl<jr ù jH[ackdlaIrhlska wdrïN jk Yío

iajrhlska fl<jr ù jH[ackdlaIrhlska wdrïN jk Yío

1' wNHka;r ikaê

2' ndysr ikaê

WodyrK(- ikaê ùï iys; ikaê rys;

.=Kd.=K .=K w.=K

f.dlafld< f.dma fld<

yoaoji y;a oji

O¾udjfndaOh O¾u wjfndaOh

170 171

iajrhla uq,aj iEfok ikaê úê y;rls'

1' iajr ikaêh îr i|&

2' mQ¾j iajr f,dam ikaêh ^fmr ir f,dma i|&

3' mr iajr f,dam ikaêh ^mr ir f,dma i|&

4' iajrdfoaY ikaêh îrfoia i|&

jH[ackdlaIrhla uq,aj iEfok ikaê úê yhls'

5' .d;%dfoaY ikaêh ^.;foia i|&

6' .d;%dlaIr f,dam ikaêh ^.;l=re f,dma i|&

7' wd.u ikaêh ^w.ï i|&

8' mQ¾j rEm ikaêh ^fmr rE i|&

9' mr rEm ikaêh ^mr rE i|&

10' oaú;aj rEm ikaêh ^forE i|&

tla tla ikaêh isÿ jk whqre fjka fjkaj y÷kd .ksuq'

Wmka ¬ Wmkaa - Wmkqmka ys;a ¬ we;s - ys;e;s

jhia ¬ we;s - jhie;s w;ska ¬ w; - w;sk;

ks,aa ¬ Wmq,a - ks¨mq,a mska ¬ we;s - mske;s

² m%lD;sh yd m%;Hh tla ùu o fï ikaê úêfhka isÿ fõ'

ñksiaa ¬ Wkaa - ñksiqka w;a ¬ bka - w;ska

iiqka ¬ wg - iiqkg .iaa ¬ tys - .fiys

n<,aaa ¬ Wkaf.a - n<¨kaf.a

jï¬w;

jï¬w;

u - y,a wl=rg iajrh tla ùu

ju; - ikaê moh

1' iajr ikaêh

mo foll uq,a mofha w. we;s jH[ack Yíoh ^y,a wl=r& miq mofha uq, we;s

iajrh iu. tla ùfuka fï ikaêh isÿ fõ'

172 173

1'1 my; § we;s mo ikaê lrkak'

¸' isyska ¬ bÕ ¸¹' Tjqka ¬ Tjqka

¸¸' mskaa ¬ we;af;da ¹' mjq,aa ¬ tys

¸¸¸' tlskaaa ¬ tl

1'2 my; § we;s mo úikaê lrkak

¸' mis÷rka ¸¹' u,iqk

¸¸' rejkdr ¹' <÷kg

¸¸¸' oyula

hkak ¬ ´ke - hkafkdake

f.k ¬ wdjd - f.kdjd ueo ¬ weÕs,a, - ueoeÕs,a,

Èk ¬ biqre - Èksiqre iqr ¬ b÷ - iqß÷

² m%lD;sh yd m%;Hh tla ùu o fï ikaê l%ufhka isÿ fõ'

i;=re ¬ wd - i;=rd ÿre ¬ bka - ÿßka

,l=Kq ¬ tkaa - ,l=fKka l< ¬ ´ - lf<da

ikaê jk mo foflka fmr mofha w. we;s iajrh ^mQ¾j iajrh& f,dma lr

b;sß jk y,a wl=rg mr mofha uq, we;s iajrh mr iajrh& tla lsÍfuka .e<fmk

ikaêh mQ¾j iajr f,dam ikaêh hs'

ol=Kq ¬w;

ol=Ka ¬W ¬w; - mQ¾j iajrh fjka lsÍu

ol=Ka ¬W ¬w; - mQ¾j iajrh f,dma lsÍu

ol=Ka ¬w; - mr iajrh tla lsÍu

K

ol=K; - ikaê moh

mQ¾j iajrh( ikaê jk mo foflka fmr

mofha w. we;s iajrh'

mr iajrh( miq mofha uq, we;s iajrh hs'

keK ¬ we;s

keKa ¬ w ¬ we;s

mQ¾j iajrh mr iajrh

2' mQ¾j iajr f,dam ikaêh

172 173


¸' fmdrK ¬ weÿrka ¸¹' k¿ ¬ wÕk

¸¸' iq¿ ¬weÕs,a, ¹' ysÕ=re ¬ w,

¸¸¸' iqre ¬ w;

2'2 my; § we;s mo úikaê lrkak'

¸' isheiska ¸¹' Èks÷

¸¸' .=Ke;s ¹' wreK¨

¸¸¸' È.d

ñ‚ ¬ wnrK - ñ‚nrK ms<s ¬ W;=re - ms<s;=re

wkq ¬ wre;a - wkqre;a nqÿ ¬ wl=re - nqÿl=re

Èh ¬ b;s - Èh;s

² m%lD;s m%;H ixfhda.h o fuu ikaê úêfhka we;eï úg isÿ fõ'

.=re ¬ Wka - .=reka

ne;s ¬ bka - ne;ska

3'1 my; § we;s mo ikaê lrkak

¸' meye ¬ we;s ¸¹' uqo,s ¬ b÷

¸¸' úh<s ¬ bÕ=re ¹' iqr ¬ wÕk

¸¸¸' Yd,d ¬ wêm;s

3' mr iajr f,dam ikaêh

ikaê jk mo foflka miq mofha uq, we;s iajrh f,dma lsÍfuka .<mk

ikaêh mriajr f,dam ikaêh hs'

uqks ¬ W;=ud

uqks ¬W ¬ ;=ud - mr iajrh f,dma lsÍu

uqks;=ud - ikaê moh

174 175


¸' h;s;=ud ¸¹' Wv,

¸¸' l;dkaorh ¹' isyiqk

¸¸¸' muKla

uy ¬ biqre - ufyiqre ^fufyiqre& jg ¬ Wr - jfgdr

ta ¬ w; - wE; fo ¬ wÕ=,a - oEÕ=,a


¸' uy ¬ bisld ¸¹' fo ¬ wjqreÿ

¸¸' fï ¬ w;ska ¹' m, ¬ wm,

¸¸¸' mru ¬ BYajr


¸' oEÕs,s ¸¹' oEjr

¸¸' ,fUdaor ¹' kEiQ

¸¸¸' fkdaìk

4' iajrdfoaY ikaêh

ikaê jk mo foflka fmr mofha w. iajrh;a miq mofha uq, iajrh;a

fjkqjg fjk;a iajrhla meñKùfuka iajrdfoaY ikaêh isÿ fõ'

fo¬ w;

oa ¬t ¬w; - mq¾j iajrh fjka lsÍu

oa ¬t¬w; - iajr fol fjkqjg fjk;a iajrhla meñKùu

wE

oa ¬wE ¬; - iajr jH[ack ixfhda.h

oE

oE; - ikaê moh

174 175

.d;%dfoaY ikaêfha § mr mofha uq, jQ zlaZ jH[ackdlaIrh fjkqjg zõZ" zyaZ" zhaZ hk

wlaIr foflka tlla o"

la > õ - is;a ¬ lre - is;ajre

la > ya - oj ¬ l,a - ojy,a

la > ha - .sks ¬ lï - .skshï

mQ¾j mofha w. jQ zíZ" zoaZ hk jH[ackdlaIr fjkqjg zmaZ" z;aZ hk jH[ackdlaIr o"

oaa > ;a - nqÿ ¬ irK - nq;airK

zia fjkqjg zkaZ yd zïZ fyda zkaZ fjkqjg zxZ ^wkqiajdrh& o wdfoaY flf¾'

ia > ka - mia ¬ is,a - mkais,a

ï > x - ÿï ¬ fld< - ÿxfld<

5'1 my; oelafjk mo ikaê lrkak'

¸' .ï ¬ f.dv ¸¹' mia ¬ id<sia

¸¸' ov ¬ lï ¹' f.dka ¬ ndk

¸¸¸' roa ¬ .u

5'2 my; oelafjk mo úikaê lrkak'

¸' msßhï ¸¹' iqKqjï

¸¸' mkaoyia ¹' ikaksfõok

¸¸¸' ì,shï

5' .d;%dfoaY ikaêh

ikaê jk mo foflys mj;akd .d;%dlaIrhla fyj;a jH[ackdlaIrhla

fjkqjg fjk;a .d;%dlaIrhla fyj;a jH[ackdlaIrhla meñKùfuka iEfok

ikaêh .d;%dfoaY ikaêh hs'

is;s ¬ lï

is;s ¬la ¬wï - .d;%dlaIrh fjka lsÍu

is;s ¬ ha ¬ wï - fjk;a .d;%dlaIrhla meñKùu

is;s ¬ ha ¬ wï

h - iajr jH[ack ixfhda.h

is;shï - ikaê moh

176 177

zïZ fjkqjg wkqiajdrh o fhÈh yels h' zfldf<dxf;dgZ hkqfjks'

.Õ ¬ f;r - .xf;r uÕ ¬ uq<d - uxuq<d

ñys÷ ¬ ;,d - ñyska;,d l<| ¬ fol - l<xfol

<s| ¬ mäh - <sxmäh


¸' .Õ ¬ fmd< ¸¹' uqÕ= ¬ weg

¸¸' jÕ= ¬ uq;= ¹' wU ¬ u,a

¸¸¸' iÕ ¬ ñ;a


¸' j<xfol ¸¸' fk,qïu,a

¸¸' ox.i ¸¹' .xÈh

¸¸¸' ;ïm,d

6' .d;%dlaIr f,dam ikaêh

zÕZ"zUZ hk i[a[l fyj;a w¾Odkqkdisl Yío ie§ we;af;a tla tla j¾.fha

f>daI w,amm%dK jH[ackhg fmrgqj ta ta j¾.fha j¾.dka; kdislH Yíofhka

w¾Ohla tla ùfuka fia ie,flhs' .d;%dlaIr f,dam ikaêfha § i[a[lhg wod<

modka; f>daI w,amm%dKh yd thg tla jQ iajrh o f,dma ùu;a tys jQ kdislH

w¾Oh mQ¾K kdislHh njg m;a ùu;a isÿ fõ'

fldf<dU ¬ f;dg

fldf<d ¬ ï¬ í ¬ w ¬ f;dg - w¾OdkqkdislH fjka lsÍu

fldf<d ¬ s ¬ n ¬ f;dg - kdislH Yíoh yd ne÷Kq f>daI w,amm%dK

Yíoh yd iajrh f,dma lsÍu

ï kdislHh b;sß fjhs fldf<dï ¬ f;dg - mo tla lsÍu

fldf<dïf;dg - ikaê moh

176 177

;=kq ¬ wÕ - ;=kqjÕ mqk ¬ W;am;a;s - mqkre;am;a;s

fo ¬ wdldr - fohdldr lgq ¬ w, - lgqj,

iQ ¬ wiQ - iqjdiQ

² m%lD;s - m%;Hh ixfhda. ùu o fï ikaê úêfhka isÿ fõ'

fy< ¬ ´ - fy<fhda lú ¬ wd - lúhd

yS ¬ wg - yShg ùr ¬ tla - ùrfhla

jE ¬ wla - jEhla

7'1 my; oelafjk mo ikaê lrkak'

¸' fo ¬ Wr ¸¹' lgq ¬ w;a;

¸¸' f. ¬ Whka ¹' keú ¬ wdg

¸¸¸' ore ¬ ´


¸' rislhdf.a ¸¹' ñhqÕ=Kq

¸¸' k¿fjda ¹' ÿgqfjla

¸¸¸' fkdfhk

7' wd.u ikaêh

ikaê jkakd jQ Yío folla w;rg wuq;=fjka u wl=rla meñK ikaê fõ kï

th wd.u ikaêh hs'

lsßueá ¬ wdk

lsßueá ¬ ha ¬ wdk - mo fol w;rg jH[ackhla

meñŒu

lsßueá ¬ ha ¬ wdk

hd - iajr jH[ack ixfhda.h

lsßueáhdk - ikaê moh

178 179

lï ¬ y, - lïu, we;a ¬ y, - we;a;,

úia ¬ lï - úiaiï

² m%lD;s - m%;Hh ixfhda.h o fuu ikaêfhkaa isÿ fõ'

f.dka ¬ yq - f.dkakq i;a ¬ yq - i;a;=

8'1 my; oelafjk mo ikaê lr ,shkak'

¸' ika ¬ yi ¸¹' f.;a ¬ lï

¸¸' u;a ¬ y, ¹' we;a ¬ yq

¸¸¸' is;a ¬ jre

8'2 my; oelafjk mo úikaê lrkak'

¸' hlal, ¸¹' wiai,

¸¸' úiaiï ¹' n<,a¨

¸¸¸' is;a;ï

8' mQ¾j rEm ikaêh

ikaê jk mo foflka fmr mofha w. we;s rEmh mr mofha uq, we;s rEmh

lrd meñKùfuka .<mk ikaêh mQ¾j rEm ikaêh hs'

j;a ¬ y,

j;a ¬ y, - fmr rEmh mr rEmhg meñKùu

j;a ¬ ;, - mo .e<mSu

j;a;, - ikaê moh

9' mr rEm ikaêh

ikaê jk mo foflka mr mofha uq, wl=r fmr mofha w. wl=r lrd

meñKùfuka isÿ jk ikaêh mr rEm ikaêh hs'

ÿla ¬ m;a

ÿlaa ¬ m;a - mr rEmh fmr rEmhg meñK ùu

ÿma ¬ m;a - mo .e<mSu

ÿmam;a - ikaê moh

178 179

fldla ¬ ., - fld.a., jma ¬ lv - jlalv

i;a ¬ Èkla - ioaÈkla w;a ¬ .,d - w.a.,d

we;a ¬ foug - weoafoug

9'1 my; i|yka mo ikaê lrkak'

¸' lka ¬ uq, ¸¹' <sma ¬ .,

¸¸' rela ¬ md ¹' i;a ¬ oyh

¸¸¸' w;a ¬ ik

9'2 my; i|yka mo úikaê lrkak'

¸' ,.a., ¸¹' f.dlafld<

¸¸' ÿ.a.kakd ¹' weoao<

¸¸¸' w,a,ia

j,a ¬ W!rd - j,aÆrd

u,a ¬ w;a; - u,a,;a;

i,a ¬ Whk - i,a¨hk

² m%lD;s - m%;Hh tla ùu o fï ikaê úêfhka isÿ fõ'

W.;a ¬ ´ - W.;af;da

ÿka ¬ tñ - ÿkafkñ

fmr mofha w. wl=r iajrhla kï ta iajrh f,dma lsrSfuka miq b;srs jk y,a wl=r

oaú;aj lsÍfuka o fï ikaêh isÿ fõ'

10' oaú;aj rEm ikaêh

fmr mofha w. we;s y,a wl=r folla njg m;a lsÍfuka miq mr mofha uq,

we;s iajrh iu. tla lsÍfuka .<mk ikaêh oaú;aj rEm ikaêh hs'

fmd;a ¬ w,audßh

fmd;a ¬ ;a ¬ w,aaudßh - y,a wl=r oaú;aj lsÍu

fmd;a ¬;a ¬ w,audßh

; - iajrh iu. tla lsÍu

fmd;a;,audßh - ikaê moh

180 181

² m%lD;s - m%;Hh .ekaùu fï l%ufhka o isÿ fõ'

jeÈ ¬ wd - jeoaod iqÿiq ¬ wka - iqÿiaika


¸' flls ¬ w ¹' is`.s;s ¬ tla

¸¸' rela ¬ w;a;k ¹¸' u,a ¬ Whk

¸¸¸' m;a ¬ bre ¹¸¸' weÕs,s ¬ tka

¸¹' u¨ ¬ w ¹¸¸¸' iqÿiq ¬ ´


¸' ;E.a. ¹' uq;a;d

¸¸' fllaflka ¹¸' y;a;äh

¸¸¸' f.dlal;a; ¹¸¸' wks;af;l

¸¹' je,a,ïmsáh ¹¸¸¸' w;a;g

fuu isxy, ikaêj,g wu;rj ixialD; NdIdfjka meñ‚ ikaê mo kQ;k Ndú;h

;=< olakg ,efí'

tu ikaê mo o iajr yd jH[ack wlaIr uq,aj isÿ jkq olakg ,efí'

³ mQ¾j iajr f,dma ùfuka

urK ¬ wdikak - urKdikak Wla; ¬ wdLHd; - Wla;dLHd;

m%:u ¬ wdOdr - m%:udOdr jk ¬ T!IO - jfk!IO

³ mr iajrh f,dma ùfuka

iod ¬ wkqiaurŒh - iodkqiaurŒh úµd ¬ wkql+, - úµdkql+,

l,d ¬ wxYh - l,dxYh

³ iajrdfoaY úêfhka

wud;H ¬ wxYh - wud;HdxYh iudk ¬ w¾: - iudkd¾:

bks ¬ w,

bka ¬ b ¬ w, - iajrh fjka lsÍu

bka ¬ b ¬ w, - iajrh f,dma lsÍu

bka ¬ ka ¬ w, - jH[ack oaú;ajh

bka ¬ ka ¬w,

k - iajrh iu. tla lsÍu

bka ¬ k, - mo .e<mSu

bkak, - ikaê moh

180 181

.=K ¬ w.=K - .=Kd.=K

nqoaê ¬ bkaøsh - nqoaëkaÈ%h

ls%ia;= ¬ W;am;a;sh - ls%ia;+;am;a;sh

mxp ¬ bkaøsh - mxfÉkaøsh

cd;sl ¬ W;aijh - cd;sflda;aijh

mQcd ¬ Wmydr - mQfcdamydr

³ mj;akd iajrhla fjkqjg jH[ackhla wdfoaY ùfuka"

zbZ fjkqjg zhaZ wdfoaYh

w;s ¬ wjYH - w;HjYH w;s ¬ w,xldr - w;H,xldr

mS%;s ¬ W;aijh - mS%;Hq;aijh cd;s ¬ wd,h - cd;Hd,h

zWZ fjkqjg zõZ wdfoaYh

nyq ¬ w¾: - nyaj¾: fya;= ¬ w¾: - fya;aj¾:


¸' ck ¬ wdorh ¹¸¸' mru ¬ wdhqI

¸¸' NdId ¬ wkqrd.h ¹¸¸¸' úfYaI ¬ wx.

¸¸¸' lú ¬ bkaø ¸º' .=re ¬ WmfoaY

¸¹' Y%jK ¬ bkaøsh º' ùr ¬ Wodr

¹' mQcd ¬ W;aij º¸' wkq ¬ BlaI

¹¸' ms;D ¬ w¾: º¸¸' w;s ¬ Wodr


¸' wNHjldY ¹¸¸' ikaOHlaIr

¸¸' cd;HkaO ¹¸¸¸' .=¾jlaIr

¸¸¸' m¾fhaIK ¸º' wOHlaI

¸¹' wrefKdaoh º' ilff,Yaj¾h

¹' ufy!IO º¸' w;Skaøsh

¹¸' ohdkqlïmdj º¸' h:d¾:h

wjfndaOh

1' my; § we;s ikaê mo ie§ we;s wkaou wkqj l=uk ikaê j¾.hlg wh;a oehs

,shd olajkak'

¸' kdfgHdaÑ; ¹¸' n;,

¸¸' m¾fhaIK ¹¸¸' remamd

¸¸¸' fmdäfhldf. ¹¸¸¸' h;s;=ud

¸¹' .skshï ¸º' .=re<s÷

¹' hkafkmd º' rislhd

182 PB

2' jerÈ f,i ikaê fldg we;s mohla we;=<;a mo fma<sh f;dard ,shkak'

¸' j;a;," Wkqka" r;=mq,a

¸¸' mxpdx.h" l%siaf;da;am;a;sh" lïuq,

¸¸¸' wrefKdaoh" uE;" fkdaìk

¸¹' mqkrdj¾ckh" f,daflda;a;r" ynr,

3' § we;s mo fol u ksjerÈj úikaê lr we;s mo fma<sh f;dard ,shkak'

¸' úoHdh;kh" iudka;r - úoHd¬h;kh" iu¬wka;r

¸¸' iSudikak" iaj¾KdNrK - iSud¬wdikak" iaj¾K¬wdNrK

¸¸¸' hfkk" w;sYfhdala;s - hk¬tk" w;sYh¬´la;s

¸¹' iq<eÕs,a," m%ia;dfjdaÑ; - iq¿¬weÕs,a," m%ia;dj¬ ´Ñ;

4' ikaê fkd jQ mohla we;s mo fma<sh f;dard ,shkak'

¸' Tjqfkdjqka" iqrÕk" mrud¾:" .%dfudaoh

¸¸' ifydaor" fmd;am;a" jlalv" bkak,

¸¸¸' O¾fudaoh" Yd,dêm;s" wks;af;l" ckdêm;s;=ud

¸¹' fld¿jd" u,iqk" lrkakE" .k÷r

5' uq,ska § we;s ikaê úêhg wh;a fkd jk mohla we;=<;a mo fma<sh f;darkak'

¸' wdfoaY ikaê - iudkd¾:" wud;HdxYh" ovhï" uqkSkaø

¸¸' f,dam ikaê - uqkqmqrd" ;ß÷" fk,qïu,a" k<Õk

¸¸¸' wd.u ikaê - uyshx.K" f;dáfhda" ksrjq,a" fya;=jla

¸¹' wdfrdayK ikaê - ojfika" bkslaì;s" we;euqka" oekque;s

6' iajrdfoaY ikaê úêfhka jk mo muKla we;s mo fma<sh f;dard ,shkak'

¸' .=rEmfoaY" cd;sldkqrd.h" tkakE" wöafohla

¸¸' Y%jKd.drh" ldf,daÑ;" jfk!IO" oE;

¸¸¸' fojqr" fidamydi" iafjda;aidy" yoaoji

¸¹' ùfrdaodr" uq,iqk" fkdfhla" wrefKdaoh

7' fm< fmdf;ys Tn fuf;la W.;a mdvï weiqfrka yuq jQ ikaê mo oyhla Wmqgd

my; j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

ikaê moh úikaê l< miq ikaê j¾.h

PB 183

,xldfõ m%d.a fn!oaO hq.fha isg fï olajd úldikh jQ f.dvke.s,s

bÈ lsÍfï Ys,amhla y÷kd .; yels h' thska mer‚ ksjdi bÈlsÍï yd

iïnkaO f;dr;=re iuqodhla fï mdvfuka bÈßm;a flfrhs' fuh uydpd¾h

rdÊ fidaufoaj úiska ,shk ,o ,smshlska Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols'

ksjdi bÈ lsÍu iy tajdfha Ôj;a ùu YsIagdpdßl ,laIKhls' ovhï lsÍu iy

;ek ;ek weúo hñka wdydr tl;= lsÍu ish Ôjfkdamdh lr .;a m%d.a ft;sydisl

hq.fha ñksiaiq miq ld,hl ish ixpdrl Ôú;fhka ñ§ tla ;ekl §¾> ld,hla

Ôj;a ùfï mqreoaog keUqre jQy' th y÷kajkafka ‘iaÓrjdiS;dj’ hkqfjks' lsishï

ck fldgila iaÓrjdiS;djg m;a jQ nj fmkakqï lrk m%Odk;u o¾Ylh iaÓr ksjdi

;kd .ekSu hs'

ksjdi ;ekSu ms<sn| §¾> b;sydihla

YS% ,xldj i;= h' tu b;sydih ms<sìUq

lrk idlaIs fidhd f.k ;sfnkafka

mqrdúoHd;aul leŒï u.sks' oekg

wkdjrKh ù we;s f;dr;=rej,g wkqj

ls%ia;= mQ¾j 1750 jk úg YS% ,xldfõ

l÷lr m<d;aj, Ôj;a jQ ck;dj

ksjdi ;kd .ekSfï iu;alï oelajQ nj

;yjqre ù ;sfí' ta ld,hg wh;a mer‚

ksjdihl f.ìula fidhd .ekSug 2011

jif¾ § mqrdúoHd{fhda iu;a jQy' th

msysgd ;sfnkafka nÿ,a, Èia;s%lalhg

wh;a y,aÿïuq,af,a msysá ‘fldiaj;a;’kñka ye¢kafjk fm!oa.,sl f;a j;a;l h'

fuu ksjdih fidhd .ekSug jirlg fmr ;j;a mer‚ ksjdihl f.ìula

leŒulska wkdjrKh úh' th msysgd ;sfnkafka r;akmqr Èia;s%lalhg wh;a l=vd

.ïudkhla jQ Wvrxpduvfï h' mjq,a oyhla muK Ôj;a jk fuu .ïudkh

;sfnkafka l÷ .eghlg wh;a idkqjl h' tu ksjdih ls%ia;= j¾IdrïNhg ishjia

fod<ylg muK fmr bÈ lrk ,oehs ie,lsh yels h'

20 YS% ,xldfõ merKs ksjdi

y,aÿïuq,af,a ksjfiys w;a;sjdru'

184 185

Wvrxpduvu kï .ïudkfha ;sî leŒï fldg

u;= lr .;a mer‚ ksjdihl w;a;sjdrfuys

is;shï.; ie,eiau'

jvd mer‚ ld,hlg wh;a y,aÿïuq,af,a ksjdih jD;a;dldr yevfhka hq;a f.ìula

iys; jQjls' tys úIalïNh óg¾ 2'20ls' leŒïj,ska th u;= lrk wjia:dfõ f.ìu

ilia lsÍug fhdod .kakd ,o .,alen,s;s we;=reug wh;a fldgia tys b;sß ù

;sì‚' tfy;a tu ksjdifha b;sß fldgiaj,g wh;a lsisÿ fohla tys fkd ;sîfuka

meyeÈ,s jkafka tajd Èrdm;a j úkdY ù we;s nj h' ksielfhka u tys ì;a;s jßÉÑ

ueÜfgka ;kd ;sfnkakg we;'

wfma rfÜ .ïno m<d;aj, ;j u;a jßÉÑ ueáfhka iE¥ ì;a;s iys; f.j,a olskakg

;sfí' myiqfjka fidhd .; yels ùu;a iajNdjO¾uhg jvd;a .e<mSu;a hk lreKq

ksid wfma wdÈ uq;==kañ;af;da ish ksjdi ;ekSug jßÉÑ ueá Ndú; l<y' fuu

ksjdifha jy, lsis hï fld< w;= j¾.hla Ndú; lr oej o~qj,ska ;kd ;sfnkakg

we;ehs o tajd myiqfjka Èrd hk iq¨ øjH ksid w;=reokaj f.dia we;ehs o is;sh

yels h' b¨la" udkd" msÿre iy fmd,a w;= wdÈfhka jy, fiú,s lsÍu wfma rfÜ

uE;la jk ;=re m%p,s;j mej;s‚' .ïno m<d;aj, oekqÿ ta l%uh Ndú; fõ'

f.ìfï we;=<; ;sî mer‚ j<x lene,s;s" hlv WmlrKhlg wh;a fldgia iy

ueáfhka idod mqïaid .;a mn¿ lsysmhla o fidhd .; yels úh' fidhd .kakd

,o j<x lgq w;r iqÿ meye;s miqìul r;= meyefhka j¾K .ekajQ j<x len,s;s

lsysmhla o ;sì‚' mq¿,a f,i leŒï lghq;= isÿ lsÍfï § fm!oa.,sl f;a j;a;g

we;s úh yels ydksh ie,ls,a,g f.k ksjdifha iïmQ¾K f.ìu u;= lr .ekSfï

woyi miqj w;ayer oeñ‚'

Wvrxpduvfuka fidhd .kakd ,oafoa o

mer‚ ksjdihl f.ìuls' th wdh;

p;=ri%dldr yevhlska hqla;j ;kk

,oaols' tys f.ìug l¿.,a w;=rd ;sì‚'

ksjdih È.ska óg¾ 10'20lska o m<,ska

óg¾ 6'80lska o iukaú; h' tys we;=<;

wjldYh fldgia follg fnod we;'

Bg fhdod f.k ;sfnkafka ì;a;shls'

tu ì;a;shg wh;a w;a;sjdru leŒfï

§ u;= lr .ekSug yels úh' tu

w;a;sjdrfï ueo fldgfia lKq j<j,a

folla ;sì‚' ta tu ì;a;sh ueo jQ

oejuh W¿jiaig wh;a lKq j<,d ;snQ

;eka h' fuu W¿jiai Ndú; fldg ;sfnkafka ksjdifha bÈßmi fldgiska miqmi

fldgig m%fõY ùu i|yd h' bÈßmi fldgfia ;sî fidhd .kakd ,o mqrdjia;=

w;r ldka;djka weia w÷ka ;eîug Ndú; lrk f,day l+rla" YÍrh j¾K .ekaùug

fhdod .;a ly iy r;= meye;s .=re.,a len,s folla" ueáfhka idod mqïaid .;a

mn¿ lsysmhla iy ms,siaiQ ueáfhka ;ekQ uQ¾;shla o úh' fuu wjfYaIj, iajrEmh

ie,ls,a,g .;a úg fmfkkafka fuu ksjfia bÈßmi fldgfia ldka;djka úiQ

nj h'

wd,skaoh fjkalrk

ì;a;sfha w;a;sjdru

fodr W`Mjiafia lKq j<j,a

184 185

ksjfia msgqmi fldgi Ndú; lr

;sfnkafka uq¿;ekaf.hla f,i h'

leŒïj, § Bg wh;a <sm fidhd

.ekSug mqrdúoHd{fhda iu;a jQy'<sm

wjg ;sî hlv msys len,s lsysmhla

iy .,afuj,ï lsysmhla yuq úh'

uq¿;ekaf.hska msg;g c,h .,d hEug

ldkqjla ilia lr ;sì‚' fuu ksjdih

;=< ;sî r;= meyefhka j¾K .ekajQ

b;du;a úis;=re l=vd ueá n÷kla o

fidhd .eks‚' ìï ie,eiau mÍlaId

lrk úg b;d meyeÈ,sj fmfkkafka

fuu ksfji bÈ lr ;sfnkafka bÈßmi

fldgi ol=Kq ÈYdjg;a msgqmi fldgi W;=re ÈYdjg;a jk mßoafoka nj hs'

mdod .kakd ,o f.ìfï wjg leŒï lsÍfï § ms,siaiS .sh jßÉÑ len,s lsysmhla

yuq úh' ksielfhka u tajd ksjdifha ì;a;sj,g wh;aj ;snQ tajd hs' tu jßÉÑ

len,s oeù .sh njg idlaIs ;sfnk fyhska tu ksjdih .sks .ekSulg ,la ùfuka

úkdYhg m;a jQ nj fmfka'

yïnkaf;dg Èia;s%lalhg wh;a ;siaiuydrdufha msysá lsßkaof.dvdk iy

j,.ïm;a;=j kñka ye¢kafjk .ïudkj, ;sî ;j;a mer‚ ksjdi follg wh;a

idlaIs fidhd .ekSug mqrdúoHd{fhda iu;a jQy' ta 2000 jif¾ § h' fuu ia:dk

foflka u yuq jQ ksjdi jgl=re yevfha f.ìïj,ska iukaú; h' lsßkaof.dvdfka

ksjdih ls%ia;= mQ¾j 240§ bÈ lrk ,oaola nj wkqudk flf¾' tys f.ìu fndr¨

oud hyñka ;<d ilia lr ;sì‚' th o jßÉÑfhka ;ekQ ksfjils'

j,.ïm;a;=fõ ksji fuys úia;r l< wka ish¨ kso¾Ykj,g jvd fjkia h' tys

f.ìu ilia lr ;sfnkafka fikaaáóg¾ 35la muK .eUqrg fmdf<dj iEÍfuks'

tys § iEfok fkd .eUqre jf<a m;=f,a iy bjqrej, f.du-ueá wdf,am lr f.ìu

ksujd f.k ;sfí' fmdf<dj idrd f.ìu ilia lr .ekSfuka w;a jk jdish kï wod<

ksjdifha jy, kQia ùu h' fld< w;= fiú,s l< ksjdihl jy, Wig msysàfuka

th iq<Õg yiq ù .idf.k hEug ;sfnk wjldYh uy;a h' j,.ïm;a;=fõ ksjdih

bÈ lr ;sfnkafka ls%ia;= j¾Ifhka 240 § muK h'

fï iïm%odhg wh;a ksjdij, f.ìï lsysmhla ol=Kq bka§h w¾Ooaùmfha bkeï.Tka

kñka ye¢kafjk m%foaYfhka o fidhd f.k ;sfí' fujeks ksjdi ye¢kaùu i|yd

j< - jdiia:dk ^Pitdwellings& hk fhÿu Ndú; flf¾' j< - jdiia:dk bÈ lsÍug

ñksiqka fm,öug fya;=j wêl úh<s iq<x iys; ld,.=Ksl ;;a;ajh hs'

by;ska i|yka lrk ,o iEu bÈlsÍula u me,am;l iajrEmfhka tl, ms<sìUq

jkakg we;' tfy;a ta iEu wjia:djla u mYapd;a ld,Skj jvd iaÓridr f.dvke.s,s

bÈ lsÍug wjYH lrk uÕ fmkaù h'

Wvrxpduvu ksjfiys w;a;sjdru

186 187


wjfndaOh

1' ‘iaÓrjdiS;dj’ hkqfjka y÷kajkafka l=ula o@

2' je<,S .sh w;S; f;dr;=re fidhd .ekSu i|yd wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk l%ufõohla

,shkak'

3' wdÈ uq;=kañ;a;ka ksjdi ;ekSug jßÉÑ ueá Ndú; lsÍug fya;= jQ lreKq 2la

i|yka lrkak'

4' mer‚ ksfjil msgqmi fldgfiys uq¿;ekaf.hla ;snqKq njg idOl fudkjd o@

5' W¿jiai fhdod ;snqfKa wehs@ th iú lr ;snqfKa flfia o@

6' ‘j< jdiia:dk’ f,i ye¢kajQ ksjdij, iqúfYaI;ajh l=ula o@ tjeks ksjdi

iE§ug ñksiqka fm,öug fya;= fudkjd o@

7' leŒï lrk ,o ksfjfiys jy, ms<sn| f;dr;=re w;=reokaj we;af;a wehs@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk mo fhda.H mßÈ úikaê lr ,shkak'

¸' Ôjfkdamdh ¸¸' jD;a;dldr ¸¸¸' p;=ri%dldr

2' fuys oelafjk mo wh;a jk ls%hd mo j¾. ,shkak'

¸' hñka '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¸¹' jQy '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸' ;kd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¹' l<y '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸¸' ;sî ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¹¸' yiq ù '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' my; i|yka jpkj, wkqla; rEm ,shkak'

¸' mqrdúoHd{fhda ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸' ñksiaiq '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸¸' ldka;dfjda '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

wkdjrKh - fidhd oek .ekSu$ieÕù ;snqKq fohla oek .ekSu

m%d.a ft;sydisl - ,sÅ; b;sydi jd¾;dj, oelafjk wjêhg fmr ld,h

jßÉÑ - ì;a;s ne£fï § ueá ms~q r|d isàu ms‚i ì;a;sfha

muKg ,S lKq isgqjd yria w;g ßá ne| idok iels,a,'

wdh; p;=i%dldr - RcqfldaKdi%dldr$Èla y;/ia

.=re.,a - fmdf<dfõ iajNdúlj mj;sk b;d ishqï wxY=j,ska

iEÿKq j¾Kj;a .,a úfYaIhla

186 187

4' my; i|yka jdlH lshjkak' woyi yels ;dla fláfhka tla jdlHhlska

olajkak'

ksjdi ;ekSu ms<sn| §¾> b;sydihla YS% ,xldj i;= h' tu b;sydih ms<sìUq

lrk idlaIs fidhd f.k ;sfnkafka mqrdúµd;aul leŒï u.sks'

j,.ïm;a;=fõ ksji fuys úia;r l< wka ish¨ kso¾Ykj,g jvd fjkia h' tys

f.ìu ilia lr ;sfnkafka fikaáóg¾ 35la muK .eUqrg fmdf<dj iEÍfuks'

l=vd .ïudkhla jQ Wvrxpduvfuka o mer‚ ksfjil f.ìula fidhd

.kakd ,È' th wdh; p;=ri%dldr yevfhka hqla;j ;kk ,oaols'

f.ìu .,a w;=rd ;sì‚'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tn m%foaYfha ksjdi ;ekSu i|yd Ndú; flfrk wuqøjH j¾. 10la

jeäysáhkaf.ka wid f,aLkhla ms<sfh, lrkak'

2' w;S;fha isg j¾;udkh olajd ksjdi ;ekSu i|yd Ndú; flreKq ;dlaIKh

ms<sn| ì;a;s mqj;am;g ,smshla ilia lrkak'

fjkia fkd jk tkï jr fkd kefÕk mo wjHh mo f,i ye¢kafjhs'

isxy, NdIdfõ wjHh mo foj¾.hls'

ksmd; hkq kdu mo yd ls%hd mo w;r iïnkaO;dj f.dv keÕSu i|yd bjy,a jk

mo úfYaIhls' ld,h yeÕùug" m%Yakd¾:h oekùug" ksfIaOd¾:h oekùug iudk

w¾:h yeÕùug" ld,d¾:h yeÕùug" isudj oelaùug wdÈ úúO wre;a oekùug

ksmd; Ndú; flf¾' tajd jdlHhl uq," ueo fyda w. fyda fhÈh yels h'

WodyrK(- blaì;s Tyq fuka u wïud o mdi,g .shd h'

Bfha úyÕs iy fhi¢ fi,a,ï l<d o@

wjHh mo

wjHh mo

ksmd; Wmi¾.

188 189

ksmd; f,aLkhla my; oelafõ'

flfrys

fld,

.dfka

.ek

;ld

;jd

;j

;j;a

;dla

;=re

f;la

o

o ^@&

olajd

§

ÿ

foda

kï

kuq;a

kuqÿ

ke;

kej;

kej;;a

keye$kE

ks;r

ks;s

ksid

fka$fk

fkd

fkdfyd;a

mgka

m;d

muK

muKla

mßÈ

miq

mjd

mdfya

mdid

meiq¿

ms‚i

ms<sn|

mqk

mqrd

fmr

n÷

ne.ska

neye$nE

u

ukao

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fuka

fukak

h

h;a

hk

hkq

hkqfjka

h<s

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,

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f,i

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úg

úkd

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jQl,s

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i|yd

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iy

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fia

fial

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fyhska

fyj;a

fyd;a

fyda

w;r

wkak

wkqj

wfka

wfmdhs

wrnhd

wyd

wfyda

we;

we;s

we;=<;a

we;=¿

wehs

blaì;s

b;d

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tmd

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tïnd

tõ

tfy;a

Tkak

Tõ

Tiafia

lrd

legqj

le,u

flfrka

188 189

wjHh mo .Kfhys ,d ie,flk wfkl=;a mo j¾.h Wmi¾. hs' fïjd ksmd; mo

fuka ;ksj fkd fhfok w;r m%lD;shl uq,g fh§ w¾:h fjkia lrhs'

m%n, - b;d n,j;a wn, - n,h ke;s

iqok - hym;a ;eke;a;d ÿok - whym;a ;eke;a;d

we;eï wjia:dj, Wmi¾.hla fhÿK o mofha w¾:fha fjkila isÿ fkd jk

wjia:d o oelsh yels h'

úrys; úrÑ;

isxy,fha Ndú; flfrk Wmi¾. f,aLkhla my; oelafõ' ixialD; NdIdfjka

isxy,hg meñ‚ Wmi¾. o tys oelafjhs'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' Wmi¾. iy ksmd; mo fjka fldg olajkak'

¸' jk ueo jevqKq iqúi,a .ia" .eñhkag ks¾f,daNSj u,a M, msßkuhs'

¸¸' Tyq jyd u ls%hd;aul jQ neúka m%;sjdÈhdf.a m%h;akh wid¾:l úh'

¸¸¸' fudfyd;l ksy~;djg miq f,fka wE; wka;fhka m%;spdrhla ,eì‚'

¸¹' hd;s%lhd Wmøjj,ska úks¾uqla;j f.dvìug <Õd úh'

¹' iqkaor hqj;sh úr, frda.fhka widOHj ñ,dk jQ l=iqula fuka Èia úh'

2' Tn leu;s fmd;la fyda mqj;am;la f;dard f.k thska Wmi¾. fhÿKq jpk 10la

iy ksmd; 10la fidhd ,shkak'

ixialD;

w;s ÿ¾

wê ks

wkq ks¾

wm m%

wNs m%;s

wj mrd

wd mß

W ú

W;a iï

ÿ iq

isxy,

w ks

w;s m

wÈ mr

wkq mia

wm ú

wì msß

wj ms<s

W i

Wm iq

ÿ fkd

ixialD;

w;s ÿ¾

wê ks

wkq ks¾

wm m%

wms m%;s

wNs mrd

wj mß

wd ú

W;a iï

Wm iq

isxy,

w ks

w;s m

wÈ mr

wkq ms

wm msß

wì ms<s

wj ú

W i

Wm iq

ÿ

190 191

hï lsis i;a;ajhl= fyda jia;=jla fyda ¥; ld¾hfhys fhdojd f.k

m‚úvhla hjk fia j¾Kkd;aulj rÑ; ldjH úfYaIh zikafoaY ldjHhZ

f,i ye¢kafõ' oekg yuq ù we;s mer‚ u isxy, ikafoaY ldjHh fia

ms<s.efkkafka .ïfmd< hq.fha rÑ; uhQr ikafoaYh hs' th zlùYajrZ kï

whl= úiska rpkd lrk ,oaols' ;sir ikafoaYh Bg miq rpkd fldg we;'

fldaÜfÜ hq.fha rÑ; ikafoaY ldjH myls' f;dg.uqfõ YS% rdyq, ysñhkaf.a

mfrú yd ie<,sys‚ ikafoaY" bre.,al=,;s,lhkaf.a fldals, ikafoaYh"

l;=jrhl= i|yka fkd jk .srd ikafoaYh" ùod.u ysñhkaf.a yxi ikafoaYh

tu hq.hg wh;a h' iS;djl hq.fha § w,.shjkak uqlfjá m`ä;=ud úiska

rpkd lrk ,o iejq,a ikafoaYh o iïNdjH isxy, ikafoaY ldjH w;r fõ'

ikafoaY ldjHj, úúO j¾Kkd we;=<;a fõ' tajd idudkHfhka ikafoaYh

/f.k ¥;hd .uka lrk ud¾.fhys weiQ ÿgq foa ms<sn|j isÿ flfrk

j¾Kkd h' tla tla lúhdf.a m%;sNd Yla;sh wkqj tu j¾Kkd úúO fõ' ta

ta j¾Kkd weiqfrka biau;= flfrk w;aoelSï o fndfyda h'

fuu mdvu i|yd uhQr" mfrú" yxi" ie<,sys‚ hk ikafoaY ldjHj, ie|E

jekqïj,ska f;dard.;a mµ lSmhla wka;¾.; h' tl u isÿùu úúO w;aoelSï

Tiafia j¾Kkd lr we;s whqre is;a .kakd iq¨ h'

uhQr ikafoaYh" .ïfmd< hq.fha § miajk nqjfklnd rcq iufha rpkd jQjls' tys

l;=jrhd .=re¿f.daó m`äjrhdf.a uqkqmqrl= jQ lùYajr kue;a;l= f,i ie,fla'

mµ 164lska iukaú; fï ikafoaYh .Õisßmqr ^.ïfmd<& isg foúkqjr Wmq,ajka

foajd,h olajd /f.k f.dia we;' mia jk nqjfklnd rcq yd rc mjq, o uyd

ix>hd jykafia o hqo fiakdj o ckkdhlhka o fjk;a kdhlhka o hk ish¨

fokdf.a wdrlaIdj yd iem; i,id È.disß ,nd fok f,i foúkqjr W;am,j¾K

ÈjHrdchdg wdhdpkh lsÍu fuys wruqK ù we;' l;r.u foúhka ish YÍrfhka

Wiq,ñka isák ksid fudkrd hym;a l=,hlg wh;a nj;a Wiia mqoa.,hkag Wmldr

lsÍug yqre mqreÿ whl= f,i;a mjik lúhd ;u ¥;hd f,i uhQrd fyj;a fudkrd

f;dard f.k we;' uhQr ikafoaYfha ikaOHd j¾Kkfha tk 97 yd 100 mµ fuys

we;=<;a h'

ñ‚ .K if|ia jekqfuka

uhQr ikafoaYfha ie|E jekqï

21

190 191

w¾:h-

“oji mqrd fjfyiqKq iQ¾hhd ngysr wyig msúiqK úg" iuqøh ;u ;rx. kue;s

w;ska Wiq,d f.k iQ¾hhdf.a fjfyi ÿre lr Èh kdjkq i|yd rYañh kue;s w;ska

;uka lrd weo .;a;d jeks h'

w.ia;s RIsjrhd id.rfha c,h ;u w;a,g f.k mdkh lrk úg m;af,ys ;snQ

fndfyda ue‚laj, Pdhdj wdldYh kue;s legmf;ys o¾Ykh jQjdla fuka o rd;s%h

kue;s ldka;dj ikaOHdfõ mdhd tk pkaøhdg ud¾.h iriñka §ma;su;a u,a

iuQyhla úiqrejd yeßhdla fuka o ;drld iuQyh nn<hs'˜

ikaOHdfõ br nei hk wdldrh;a i| yd ;re mdhd tau;a lúhd fuu mµj,ska

j¾Kkd lrhs' mer‚ yskaÿ foaj l;djkag wkqj iuqøh iQ¾hhdf.a {d;sfhls' tksid

iQ¾hhdf.a fjfyi ÿre lr Tyq kEùu i|yd Tyqf.a rYañh kue;s w;ska ;ud fj;

weo .kakdla f,i lúhd br nei hEu ;u lú weiska olS' ysre nei hEu;a iu. i|

mEhSu;a ;re mdhd tau;a iajdNdúl isÿùuls' lúhd th wmQ¾j ldjH ixl,amkhlg

kÕd we;' ixialD; foaj mqrdKfha tk mqrdjD;a;hla lúhd fuys § Wmldr lr

.kS" tkï( w.ia;s RIsjrhd Èkla fldamhg m;aj iuqøfha c,h ;u w;a,g f.k

mdkh lf<a h' túg id.r m;af,a ;snQ ue‚laj, Pdhdj wyi kï jQ legmf;ys

o¾Ykh úh' ta wyfia ;drld iuQyh hs' tu ;drld lúhd ;j;a whqrlska olS' tkï

rd;s%h kue;s ldka;dj pkaøhd tk ud¾.fhys iuka u,a we;=rejdla fuks' wyfia

;re o¾Ykh ùu fohdldrhlska oelSu fojk mµfha úfYaI;ajh hs'

mfrú ikafoaYh fldaÜfÜ hq.fha § IâNdIdmrfïYajr f;dg.uqfõ YS% rdyq, ysñhka

úiska rpkd lrk ,o ikafoaY ldjHhls' isxy, idys;Hfha iaj¾Kuh wjêh

f,i ie,flk fldaÜfÜ hq.h foaYmd,k" wd¾Ól yd ixialD;sl jYfhka o Wiia

;ekla .;a ld, mßÉfþohla f,i ie,fla' ful, rdyq, ysñhka rpkd l< isxy,

ldjHhka ksid fï hq.fha idys;Hh w;sYhska fmdfydi;a úh' ;=reKq úfha § u

oji mqrd Èj jyf<Zõ Woh jrd

wjr Urd m;a jr ;rÕZ;ska ord

ir; ÿrd le/ kyjkqj iuqÿrd

iyilrd lr weÈ jekake ;u lrd

l=Uqfhdka ihqre fnd; tys ñ‚ fia wk;

kqn leg f;f,ys Èis fuka ;=re myka j;

ie|E i÷g ioñka u. ksid l;

bis jeks ksu,a u,s.sh u,a ish Èuq;

mfrú ikafoaYfha ie|E jekqï

192 193

t;=ud úiska mfrú ikafoaYh ,shkq ,enqfõ ijeks merl=ïnd rc;=udf.a jeäuy,a

Èh‚hka jQ pkaøj;S l=udßhg iudk jxYsl ieñhl= o wkd.; rdcH md,khg iqÿiq

mq;a l=url= o ,nd fok f,i;a hqjrcq we;=¿ rg /l fok f,i;a b,a,d foúkqjr

Wmq,ajka foúhka hÈkq i|yd h' fuu ikafoaYfha .uka u. jQfha chj¾Ok mqrfha

isg foúkqjr Wmq,ajka foajd,h olajd .uka ud¾.h hs' th mµ 208lska iukaú; h'

‘l,/õ if|i’ f,i lúhd ye¢kajqj o th jvd ckm%sh jQfha ‘mfrú ikafoaY’ kñks'

l,/õ hkq" mfrúhdg isxy,fhys fhfok m¾hdh kduhls' fuu mdvug we;=<;a

jkafka tys ikaOHd j¾Kkfhys tk 137 yd 139 hk mµhka h'

w¾:h-

“wyi kue;s YdLd uKav, o m%Nd iïmkak ikaOHd j,dl=¿ kue;s <d o¨ o iys;

Woh m¾j; kue;s .fiys u,a lsks;a;l fYdaNdj .;a;d jQ pkaøhd" rYañ iuQyfhka

;o myr fok l,ays ie|E w÷r ìfhka ;e;s .ksñka oi wf;ys Èj .shdla fuks'

i| ish¨ >kdkaOldrh fndk l,ays isrer m%ikak ksid ii ,mfha wdldrfhka

msg;g meñfK;a u msmqKq ks,a udfk,a jeks YHdu j¾K <|lf.a uqyqK meyefhka

§ma;su;a ß§ o¾mK ;,hl fmkqKdla jeks h'”m<uq mµfhka lúhd Woh m¾j;h .ilg;a tys w;=m;r wyig;a" ikaOHd

j,dl=¿ <d o¨j,g;a i| tu .fiys u,a lsks;a;l fYdaNdjg;a Wmud lr olajhs'

tu if|ys rYañh me;sÍ hk úg Bg ìfhka ;e;s f.k ie|E w÷r oi w; .,d .shd

fia lúhd j¾Kkd lrhs'

fojk mµfhka ikaOHd j¾Kkh olajkafka kj w¾: l:khla iys;j h' pkaøhd

iajNdjfhka u meyem;a h' Tyq ish¨ .k w÷r Wrd fndk úg th ii ,mfha

wdldrfhka msg;g o¾Ykh fõ' th ks,ajka ldka;d uqyqKla ß§ legm;l o¾Ykh

jQjdla jeks h'

kqn id u~q¨ i| fj, <m¨ meyem;

WohZ. rel io u,a lekl isß .;

;r m;ßka i|Zor ;r myr fo;

Èj.; tõ ìfhkeZ,f<ñks oi w;

yeu .k÷re fndk jr ksihqrd .;

myka neúka msg;g ii f,iska j;

mq,a ks¨mq,a iï jka l;l jqjk;

l,foda leg f;f,l Èis jeks meye Èuq;

192 193

yxi ikafoaYh o fldaÜfÜ hq.hg u wh;a jQ ikafoaY ldjHhls' fuh ijeks

mrdl%undyq rc iufhys ls%'j' 1415 § muK rpkd jQjla f,i ie,fla' fuys l;=jrhd

ùod.u ffuf;a%h uyd kdysñhka f,i ie,fla' mµ 208lska iukaú; fuh rpkd

lsÍfï ksñ;a; jkqfha lEr., jkr;k ysñhka ,jd iuka" úNSIK" Wmq,ajka yd

ialkaO l=udr hk foújrekag msß;a lshd mska § merl=ïnd rc;=udg lreKdj olajd

fi; i,id fok f,i lrk b,a,Suls' YS% chj¾Ok mqrfha isg lEr., moaudj;S

msßfjk olajd .ukau. fuys j¾‚; h' ixialD; ldjH Í;sfhka ;rula wE;a

jQ fn!oaO ,laIK ms<sìUq lrk ksid fuh fn!oAO ¥; ldjHhla f,i o iuyre

i,l;s'

w¾:h-

“ñ;=r" jvnd .sks fm< iuqøh ;=< fkd isg ke.=Kdla fuka o fkdfyd;a

fi,fjkakd jQ Èh /<s u; mn¿ iuQyhla fuka o iekaoE j<dl=¿j,ska n¢k ,o

r;= .,la fuka o" m%Ndfjka nn<k iQ¾hhd Tfí fk;aj,g fmfkkq we;'

ñ;=r" uydfïrE m¾j;h ukA:h f,i f.k lsß ihqr l,Uk úg fjr< b;sÍ mek

ÿjk r< m;r fuka w;a fkd yer È,sfikakd jQ Woh m¾j;hdf.a uqÿkska tkakd jQ

i|/ia n,kak'”fndfyda ikafoaY lùka j¾Kkd l< wdldrhg u iQ¾hhd nei hk whqre yxi lúhd

m<uq mµfhka úia;r lrhs' fuys j<n .skak hkq uqyqo wNHka;rfhys we;ehs

ie,flk c,h weo .kakd .skakls' ‘ulr lg’ hkqfjka o th ye¢kaafõ' ngysr

iQ¾hhd wyig ke.=K j<n .sks iuQyh fuka o ikaOHdfõ ngysr wyfia j,dl=¿

w;r r;= meye;s .,la f,i o pxp, jk id.r c,h we;s wdf,dalh mn¿ iuQyhla

f,i o lúhd olS'

fojk mµfhys flfrkafka le,‚ mqrjrhg i|/ia m;s; jQ wdldrh hs' fuys §

lúhd yskaÿ foaj l;dj, tk mqrdjD;a;hla weiqre lr f.k we;' tla;rd wjia:djl

yxi ikafoaYfha ie|E jekqï

is÷ ;=< fkd isg ke`.s fuka j<n .sks jeg

Èis h< mn< l,fUõ f,< ;rÕ msg

ne| y< r;= .,la f,i iò fjf,k jg

meyeÿ< ßú u`v, ils fmfkh ;-fk;g

iqfkr u;ska w,<k iò lsß ihqr

b;sr fjr< Èj hk fuka r< m;r

me;sr Woh .sß isriska È,s fkd yer

ñ;=r n,d ,j tk iò ria j;=r

194 195

uyfur oud lsßihqr l,Uk úg tys ke.=Kq fmK iys; iqÿ meye c, Odrdjg

i|/ia iudk lr olajhs' ikafoaYlrejkag ixialD; lú iuh wu;l lsÍug

fkd yels jQ nj fuhska meyeÈ,s fõ'

ie<,sys‚ ikafoaYh f;dg.uqfõ YS% rdyq, ysñhka fldaÜfÜ hq.fha § rpkd l<

ikafoaYhls' iuia; isxy, ikafoaY ldjHdj,sfha u uqÿka u,alv" ie<,sys‚ ikafoaYh

f,i ie,fla' fuys wka;¾.; mµ ixLHdj 108ls' ijeks merl=ïnd rcqf.a lksgq

Èh‚hka jQ W,l=vh foaúhg mskaj;a mq;a l=url= ,nd fok f,i b,a,d le,‚fha

úNSIK foúhka whÈñka ikafoaYh rÑ; h' chj¾Ok mqrfha isg le,‚ mqrjrh

olajd .uka u. j¾‚; h' wdisß .Sh yereKq úg ish¨ mµ tla mohl ody;lska

fyda ud;%d oywglska hqla; jk fia rpkd lr ;sîu úfYaI ,laIKhls' ud;%d ody;

fyda oywg we;=<; ld,h fjkia lsÍfuka wjia:djg fhda.H j¾Kkd;aul Ndjh

,nd .kS' ixlaIsma; u ikafoaY ldjHh fuh jk w;r" rdyq, ysñhkaf.a ks¾udK

fl!Y,Hh yd m%;sNdmQ¾K lú;ajh o fï ikafoaYfhka biau;= fõ' tys tk ie|E

jekqfuka Wmqgd .;a 47 yd 50 hk mµ fol fuys wka;¾.; h'

w¾:h-

iQ¾h uKav,h" fYdanudk jQ ;o ks,a mdg ue‚la fuka ks,a mdg jQ úYd, wyi

kue;s jDlaIfhys ÈYd kue;s w;=j, ixpdrh lrk yjia ld,fha yuk iq<`.

je§fuka wia; m¾j;h kue;s kgqfjka jeàug wdikak jQ bÿKq ;o r;= f.ählg

iudk fõ'

nn<k fi!uH ldka;sfhka hq;= Wiia pkaøhd kue;s iajdñhd ;ud lrd tk ksid

wêl wdYd we;s rd;s%h kue;s ldka;dj w,xldr wyia ;,h kue;s ks¾u, YS% hyfkys

w;=rk ,o u,a fuka ;drld mka;sh ie§ f.k ths'

ie<,sys‚ lúhd ikaOHd j¾Kkh ;=<ska wmQ¾j ldjH ixl,amkd ueùug iu;a fõ'

t;=ud wyi olskafka .ila f,ihs' tys ngysr Èidj kue;s w;af;ys bÿKq ;o r;=

ie<,sysKs ikafoaYfha ie|E jekqï

jÈñka iji k, yeisfrk È.;= j,

fidnuka iqks,a ñ‚ ks,a kqn ;=r úmq,

m;ika wjr.sß keáfhka jefgk l,

ú,sl=ka iqr;a m, jeks fõ ßú u`v,

Wÿ< fidñ le¨ï ksihqre ysñ mqj<

my< jk neúka ;u fj; ksiUq fod<

,l< .=jka ;, isß hyk ksli<

w;=< l=iqï ú,iska iefo; ;=reje<

194 195

mdg f.ähla we;' th ie|E iq<`. je§fuka jefgkakg <x j we;' ta fjfklla

fkd j iQ¾hhd h' th fld;rï w¾: mQ¾K j¾Kkhla o@

fujeks u úis;=re fidnd fid÷re jekqula wmQ¾j f,i B <Õ lúfhka o oelaùug

lúhd iu;a fõ' i| W;a;u iajdñfhls' Tyq ;ud fj; meñfKk ksid" rd;s%h

kue;s ldka;dj b;d ikaf;daIfhka hq;=j w,xldr wyia;,h kï jQ msú;=re jQ ;u

isßhyk u; u,a u,a we;sß,a,laa t<hs' ta u,a kï wyfia mdhd we;s ;re iuQyh hs'

wjfndaOh

1' mµ mka;sh weiqfrka wid we;s m%Yakj,g jvd;a ksjerÈ ms<s;=r § we;s jrK

w;ßka f;dard ,shkak'

î& iuqøh iQ¾hhd ;ud fj; weo .kafka"

^w& oji mqrd fjfyiSu ksid

^wd& fjfyi ÿre lr kEùu i|yd

^we& wmrdldYhg hk ksid

^wE& iQ¾hhd ;udf.a {d;shl= ksid

îi& u,s.sh u,a iuQyhla f,i lúhd j¾Kkd lf<a"

^w& ksYd ldka;dj ^wd& pkaøhd

^we& ;drld iuQyh ^wE& ue‚laj, Pdhdj

îii& Woh m¾j;h kï .fiys u,a b;a;la f,i lúhd olskafka"

^w& j,dl=¿ ^wd& wkaOldrh

^we& wyi ^wE& pkaøhd

îv& fuys j<n .sks jeg hkq"

^w& ;rx. iuQyhls' ^wd& iQ¾hhd h'

^we& iuqøh m;af,a we;s .skakls' wE& ikaOHd j,dl=¿ h'

^v& lúhd nei hk iQ¾hhd ye¢kaùug Ndú; fkd l< Wmudj jkafka"

^w& b§ jefgkakg wdikak M,hla fuka

^wd& ie|E j,dl=¿j,ska n¢k ,o r;= .,la fuka

^we& Woh m¾j;fha u,a lsks;a;la fuka

^wE& Èh /<s u; mn¿ iuQyhla fuka

^vi& úIaKq foúhka úiska l,Ukq ,enqfõ"

^w& pkaøhd ^wd& Woh m¾j;h

^we& uydfïre m¾j;h ^wE& lsß ihqr

196 197

^vii& ie<,sys‚ lúhd wyi oel we;af;a"

^w& ks,amdg ue‚lla f,i

^wd& jDlaIhla f,i

^we& wia; m¾j;h f,i

^wE& ;o r;= f.ähla f,i

^viii& rd;s%h kue;s ldka;dj ;u hyk irikafka"

^w& wêl wdYdj we;s ksid

^wd& ;drld mdhd tk ksid

^we& pkaøhd kue;s ;u iajdñhd meñfKk ksid

^wE& w,xldr lrkq i|yd

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka fhÿïj, w¾: ,shkak'

i' l=Uqfhdka ihqr fnd; tys wk; ñKs fia

ii' Woh. rel io u,a lekl isß .;

iii' l,foda leg f;f,l Èis jeks

iv' meyeÿ< ßú u`v, ils fmfkh ;fk;g

v' Woh .sß isriska me;sr tk i|/ia n,j

vi' ksli< isß hyk w;=< l=iqï ú,iska ;=reje, iefo;

2' my; i|yka fhÿï ms<sn| ú.%y lrkak'

i. l=Uqfhdka iv' u,s.sh u,a

ii' ksihqrd v' j<n .sks jeg

iii. iqfkr vi' wjr.sr

3' tla tla mµfhys we;=<;a Wmud weiqfrka my; j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

ikafoaY ldjHh Wmudkh Wmfïh

4' mµ mka;sfhys we;s rEml 3la Wmqgd olajkak'

5' Tn leu;s tla mµhla f;dard f.k" th riúkaokh lrkak'

6' my; § we;s ls%hd mo l=uk j¾.hg wh;a oehs ,shkak'

i' fnd; iv' ioñka

ii' ne|y< v' w,<k i|

iii' b;sr vi' n,d,j

7' kqnid u~q¨ i| fj, <m¨ meyem;

WohZ. rel io u,a lekl isß .;

by; mµfhys bß we¢ mo iudk njla fmkqK o tys wre;a fjkia h'

i| - ikaOHdj io - ieÿKq

196 197

8' fuf,i i[a[l yd i[a[l fkdjk wl=re iys; mo hq., 10la ,shd" tajdfha

w¾: olajkak'

9' my; § we;s ikaê mo úikaê lr" ikaê j¾.h o ,shkak'

ikaê moh úikaêh ikaê j¾.h

Wod- jyf<õ jy< ¬ tõ mQ¾j iajr f,dam ikaêh

wjrZUrd

ìfhkeZ,f<ñks

.k÷re

ks¨mq,a

l,fUõ

meyeÿ<

ksiUq

;rÕZ;ska

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' uhQr" mfrú" yxi" ie<,sys‚ ikafoaY ldjH ms<sn| my; YS¾I hgf;a lreKq

f.dkq lrkak'

¥;hd" l¾;D" hq.h" wruqK" .uka ud¾.h" mµ .Kk

2' zud ÿgq iqkaor ikaOHdjlaZ uefhka mµ mka;shla ks¾udKh lrkak'

i[a[l wl=re iys; i[a[l fkdjk

Wod - uqks|d

1'

2'

3'

4'

5'

6'

7'

8'

9'

10'

nqÿrcdKka

jykafia

uqksod i¾j{ Od;=

198 199

hï lsis rgl meje;afjk W;aij" pdß;%" j;a ms<sfj;a yd weoys,s tu

rfÜ jik ckhdf.a wkkH;dj ms<sìUq lrk legm;la n÷ h' fï ms<sn|

wjfndaOfhka lghq;= lsÍu iduldó iyÔjkhg fuka u cd;sl" wd.ñl

ixys¢hdjg o bjy,a fjhs' yskaÿ ckhdf.a cd;sl yd wd.ñl W;aijhla

jk §mdj,sh yd ne÷Kq pdß;% úê yd ixl,am bÈßm;a flfrk fï mdvu

wka;¾cd,fhka ,nd .;a f;dr;=re weiqfrka ilia lrk ,oaols'

yskaÿ W;aij w;=frka §jd,s fyj;a §mdj,sh b;d jeo.;a yd j¾Kj;a W;aijhls'

kj i| Wod ùug iu.dój Tlaf;dan¾ yd fkdjeïn¾ udij,g fhfok fuu Èkh

f,dj w÷r kid wdf,dalh Wod jQ o w{dkh ke;s fldg {dkh my< jQ o Èkh

f,i yskaÿ Nla;slfhda i,l;s' yska¥kag wu;r j ffckhkaf.a o W;al¾Ij;a

W;aijhla f,i §mdj,sh ie,flhs'

myka fyj;a wdf,dalh hk w¾: we;s z§mZ hk moh;a fma<sh fyj;a oduh hk

w¾: we;s ‘wdj,s’ hk moh;a tla ùfuka ieÿKq §mdj,s hkafkka ‘wdf,dal fma<sh’ hk wre; m%ldY fjhs' ksfjia ;=< muKla fkd j ùÒ yd k.r mqrd oyia .Kka

wdf,dal fma<sj,ska §ma;su;a jQ §mdj,sh ieneúka u wdf,dal mQcdjls'

§mdj,sfha W;aijYS%h ta yd ne÷Kq j;a ms<sfj;a ksid úÑ;%;ajhg m;a fjhs' tu

j;a ms<sfj;a yd pdß;% jdß;% m%foaYfhka m%foaYhg fjkia uqyqKqjrla .kS' §mdj,s

§mdj,s W;aijh22

198 199

iufhys meje;afjk mqo mQcd" uka;% cm lsÍï yd iaf;da;% .dhkd fjk;a Èkj, isÿ

flfrk wd.ñl j;a ms<sfj;aj,g jvd m%n, nj yska¥kaf.a úYajdih fõ'

yskaÿ Nla;slhkag wkqj §mdj,sh ieuÍu jir 3500lg fmr isg mej; tk isß;ls'

ta i|yd mdol jk mqrdjD;a; lSmhla u yskaÿ iudcfha m%p,s; h' Tjqkag wkqj YS%

iïm;a;sfha fojÕk jk YS% ,laIañh fyj;a Ys% ldka;dj ËSr id.rfhka m%dÿ¾N+;

jQfha §mdj,s Èkhl h' lDIaK foú÷ krldiqrhd mrdch lsÍfï mqj; o fuÈkg

fhfoa' rdjKd mrdch lsÍfuka wjqreÿ 14lg miq rdud" iS;d yd ,laIauka h<s

Tjqkaf.a kscìu jk wfhdaOHdjg meñfKkafka o §mdj,s Èkhl nj yska¥yq úYajdi

lr;s' fï yer §mdj,sfhys iqúfYaI;ajh úoyd mdk ;j;a isÿùï mj;S'

§mdj,sh Èk myla mqrd ieufrk W;aijhls' tla tla Èkhg wod< ms<sfj;a yd pdß;%

úê Bg we;=<;a fjhs' foújreka yd ÈjHdx.kdjka Wfoid flfrk mqo mQcd" iqúfYaI

wdydr mdk" wdf,dal mQcd yd .sks fl<s o¾Ykj,ska fï Wf,< w,xldr fjhs' yskaÿ

jHdmdßlfhda §mdj,sfhka werfUk wNskj j¾Ifha fi!Nd.Hh w;a lr .kq jia

kj .sKqï wdrïN lr;s'

t<fUk §mdj,s W;aijh fjkqfjka yskaÿ ckhdf.a m%Odk ld¾hh jkqfha ish

ksfjia iïmQ¾Kfhka u msßisÿ fldg w,xldr lr .ekSu hs'

§mdj,s W;aijfha m%:u Èkh lDIaK mlaIfha fyj;a wjmlaIfha 13 jk Èkh hs'

Odk;%fhdao¾Ys fyj;a Odka fgria hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,nk fï Èkfhys yskaÿ

Nla;slfhda w¨;a we÷ï ñ, § .ks;s' f,dayuh øjH Ôú;hg jdikdj f.k foa

hehs is;k Tjqyq isß;la jYfhka rka" ß§ NdKav ñ, § .ekSug mqreÿ ù isá;s'

ikaOHdfjys ‘Èhdia’ kï myka l+vq o,ajd" ish Nla;s mQcd mj;ajk Tjqyq ;uka

wfmalaId lrk foújreka ;uka fj; lekaod .ekSug tlg tla ù hÈ;s' mjq,

flakaø.; jQ fï ld¾hh §mdj,sfha i;HdfmalaIdj Tjqkag isys lr fohs'

§mdj,sfhys fojk Èkh lDIaK mlaIfha fyj;a wjmlaIfha 14 jk Èkh hs' fï

oji ‘krl p;=¾oYs’ hkqfjka kï ,nhs' úIaKqf.a wj;drhla jk lDIaK úiska

krldiqrhd mrdch lrkq ,eîu isys .kajk fï Èkh krl wìnjd hym; o w÷r

wìnjd wdf,dalh o ch.%yKh l< Èkh f,i ie,flhs'

wrefKdaohg fmr wjÈj wefÕys iqj| f;,a .,ajd w¨;a we÷fuka ierfik yska¥yq

ksfjia jgd l=vd myka o,aj;s' wk;=rej rxfyda,s fyj;a flda,ï is;a;ï ksfjia

jgd w¢;s' krldiqrhdf.ka f,dalh ksoyia lr §u fjkqfjka úIaKq foú÷kag

yd lDIaK foú÷g úfYaI mQcd mj;aj;s' ;re leg wyfiys Èÿ,k ysñÈßfha Y=oaO

.x.d c,fha iakdkh Y=N lghq;a;la f,i is;k yskaÿ ckhd ysre Wod ùug fmr

ta ld¾hfha fhfokafka mõ fidaod yeÍula o fõ h hk úYajdifhks' mQcdfjka

miq j yskaÿ orefjda r;s[a[d o,ajñka krldiqrhd mrdch lsÍu ixfla;j;a lr;s'

mjqf,a wh yd ys;ñ;=rka iu. tla j wdydr .ksñka fï Èkfhys mS%;s m%fudaoh Tjqyq

N=la;s ú¢;s' rxfyda,s is;a;ï ks¾udK u.ska ìu yd ì;a;s yev lsÍu i|yd yskaÿ

ldka;dfjda yd,a msá" iqÿ meye .,a l=vq fyda j¾Kj;a mdg yqKq Wmfhda.s lr .ks;s¦

200 201

bka miq OdkH mn¿" u,a fyda ;j;a øjH tu ieris,s i|yd tla lr;s' jrlg

u|la jefgk fia msá fyda l=vq bi rxfyda,s is;a;fuys ndysr f¾Ldj iod .;a miq

fudaia;rhla ksuefjk fia wfkla øjH fhdod tu ;s;a hd flf¾' iïmQ¾K is;a;u

fkdlevqKq bßj,ska hqla; ùu jeo.;a fldg ie,flkafka túg krl wd;auhkag

ysveia ;=<ska we;=¿ ùug fkdyels fõ hehs úYajdi flfrk neúks' fndfyda rxfyda,s

ieris,s wjqreÿ ish .Kka mer‚ mdrïmßl tajd h' le,fha wkka; iajNdjh

ixfla;j;a flfrk neúka rjqï yeve;s rxfyda,s is;a;ï jvd ckms%h jk w;r

rxfyda,s f;audjka i|yd br" y|" ;drld o we;=<;a fjhs' we;eï" m%foaYj, ud¿ka"

l=re,a,ka" w,swe;=ka" u,a yd ñÈje,aj, rEm o rxfyda,s is;a;ïj, olakd ,efí'

fk¨ï u, rxfyda,s ieris,sj, m%Odk f;audjls' th iqkaor;ajh" iuDoaêh yd

iYs%l;ajh lshdmdk ixfla;hla o fia ms<s.efka' yska¥kaf.a m%Odk fojÕkla jk

YS% ,laIañh fndfyda úg fmkS isákakS w;ska ord .;a fküla iys;j fyda fk¨ï

u,la u; jev ys¢k iajrEmfhks' tneúka weh §mdj,s W;aijfhys b;d u jeo.;a

fojÕk jkakS h' YS% ,laIañh w;a y;rla iys;j ksrEms; h' tla tla yia;h u.ska

O¾u" ldu" w¾:" fudalaI hk .=Kdx. lshdmdk nj yskaÿ Nla;slhkaf.a úYajdih hs'

§mdj,s W;aijfhys ;=kajk Èkh fhfokafka wod< udifha wudjl fmdfyda

Èkfhys h' lDIaK mlaIfha fyj;a wj mlaIfha 15 jk oji jk fuÈk i| ke;s

wyila Èia fjhs' yska¥yq ;u ksfjiaj,g wdYS¾jdoh yd jdikdj f.k tk YS%

,laIañh ms<s.ekSu i|yd iQodkï jk fï Èkh ,laIaó mQcd Wfoid fjka fjhs' ta

i|yd yskaÿ ksfjiaj, úúO j¾.fha idïm%odhsl m%Œ; wdydr yd rileú,s ilia

flf¾' ,laIaó mQcdj u.ska ish ksfjiaj, Ôú;j,g iuDoaêh" hym; yd i;=g Wod

fõ he hs Tjqyq úYajdi lr;s'

fuÈk §mdj,s W;aijfha m%Odk Èkh hs' ‘Èhdia’ kñka ye¢kafjk myka l+vqj,ska

úysfok §ma;sfhka ksfjia .ï okjq" ùÓ" k.r taldf,dal ùfuka W;aij YS%h úoyd

oelafjhs' fï oyia .Kka jQ myka l+vq oe,aùfuka ;u ksfjiaj,g foújreka

meñfKk ud¾.h wdf,dalj;a fõ hehs o wNHka;r mdßY=oaêhg u. mEfokafka

hehs o yska¥kaf.a úYajdih fõ'

wyi .k w÷ßka jeiS we;s rd;s%fhys iEu ksfjil u ‘Èhdia’ kï myka l+vq oe,aùfuka

200 201

;u ;ukaf.a ksfjiaj,g tk u. fidhd .ekSug ,laIaó fojÕkg yels fj;ehs

yska¥yq úYajdi lr;s' wehg we;=¿ ùug yels jk fia we;eï ksjiaj, cfka, o

újD; j ;efnhs' YS% ,laIaóh fjkqfjka ksfji ;=< irik ,o mQcdikh u; m,;=re"

u,a" ú,| yd ß§ ldis iys; ß§ meye nkafoaishla ;nd wehg mQcd meje;aùu o isÿ

flf¾' weh le,UqKq laISr id.rfhka fk¨ï u,la w; ord Wmkak hs yska¥ka

úYajdi lrk neúka ,laIañhf.a rej iys; ldis" ms<srE oeä Nla;sfhka hq;= j lsß

Èfhka kyjd fk¨ï uf,a meyehg iudk jk fia r;= mdáka j¾K .ekafjhs'

fuÈk rd;s%fhys yskaÿ ksfjiays mshd rdudhKfha mdG lshjk w;r" uj mjqf,a

id¾:l;ajh yd iuDoaêh m;d hd;sld yd .S;sld lsheùug uQ,sl;ajh imhhs'

mQcdikh jgd isg flfrk Nla;su;a mQcd úêj,ska miq yskaÿ mjq,aj, idudðlfhda

fNdack ix.%y yd ix.S;uh wjia:djkag iyNd.s ùu i|yd ndysr iudch yd tl;=

fj;s'

kj i| Wod ùu;a iu. t<fUk Y=la, mlaIfhys fyj;a mqr mlaIfhys wdrïNl

Èkh §mdj,s W;aij iufhys isjq jk Èkh hs' yska¥kaf.a w¨;a wjqreoao f,i o

ie,flk fuu Èkh f.daj¾Ok mQcd meje;aùu i|yd fjka fjhs' ta yd ne¢ l;d

mqj;lg wkqj .jm,a,l=f.a mq;%hl= jk lDIaKdf.a kEfhda j¾Idjg yd l=Kdgqjg

wêm;s foúhd f,i ie,flk bkaø foúhdg mQcd meje;ajqj o Tyqf.ka ish

wiajkq yd .jhka /l .ekSug msysgla fkd ,n;s' jvd;a w¾:j;a jkqfha l=Uqre"

l÷ yd mQckSh jQ .jhka Wfoid mQcd meje;aùu nj lDIaK Tjqkag ta;a;= .kajhs'

tu.ska wiajkq ire fjhs' tfy;a fuu ls%hdj ;udg l< kskaodjla hehs is;k

bkaø Tjqkag o`vqjï lsÍu i|yd Nhdkl l=Kdgqjla yd wl=Kq iys; jeiaila ujhs'

ìhg m;a ckhd lDIaKf.ka msysg hÈ;s' Tyq f.daj¾Ok m¾j;h Èk y;la ;siafia

iq<eÕs,af,ka wyig Tijd f.k f.dùkag yd .jhkag wdrlaIdldÍ fijKla i,id

fohs' ienE f.!rjh ,eìh hq;a;d lDIaK nj jgyd .;a bkaø j¾Idj jyd kj;hs'

fï mqrdjD;a;h f.daj¾Ok mQcd meje;aùu i|yd fya;= fjhs'

§mdj,sfha wjidk Èkh f,i ie,flkafka Ndhs¥¾ fyj;a ifydaorhkaf.a Èkh hs'

mjq, ;=< in|;d f.dv kexùug wod< pdß;% fï Èkfhys úfYaI;ajhla Wiq,hs'

yskaÿ ksfjiaj, msßñ orejka ish ifydaoßhkag ;E.s fnda. ,nd §u ta wkqj isÿ

202 203

fjhs' fndfyda úg ;E.s f,i ,nd fokafka iaj¾KdNrK" ri leú,s fyda we÷ï h'

fuÈk mdi,a o jid ;efnhs'

YS% ,dxlsl fou< ckhd ff;fmdx.,a yereKq úg W;al¾Ifhka iurk W;aijh

§mdj,sh hs' Tjqkaf.a §mdj,s pdß;% fndfyda úg tla Èkla ;=< isÿ fjhs' §mdj,s

Èkfhys Wfoa mdkaoßka wjÈ jk Tjqyq ysi f;,a .,ajd iakdkh fldg bIag

foaj;djqka je| fldaú,aj,g f.dia foajdYS¾jdo ,nd .ks;s¦ ri leú,s lñka tÈk

mS%;sfhka .; lr;s' krldiqrhd mrdch lsÍu ixfla;j;a lrñka ikaOHd ld,fhys

myka fma<s o,ajd §mdj,sh iur;s'

§mdj,sh yskaÿ ckhd ;=< Nla;sh oe,afjk Èkhls' ñksia is;a i;ka B¾IHdj"

fl%daOh" udkh" ffjrh wdÈ ÿ¾.=Kj,ska msÍ mj;S' foúhka isys lrñka ne;su;aj

mqo mQcdjkays fhfok úg Nla;sh kue;s §mfhka fkdfyd;a wdf,dalfhka ñksia

yoj;a fj<d f.k we;s hg lS ÿ¾.=K iys; fudaydkaOldrh ¥ÍN+; ù hk nj

yska¥yq úYajdi lr;s'

ta wkqj f,djg biqr;a" {dkh;a" Ôú;hg wjeis ixys¢hdj;a ,nd fo;ehs ms<s.efkk

§mdj,sh w.kd ixialD;sl W;aijhls' jdo fNao ÿr ,d" ffjr .sks ksjd" iduh

i;=g yd fi!Nd.Hh m%d¾:kd lsÍug;a iudcfha jik tlsfkld w;r wfkHdakH

wjfndaOh yd iqyo;ajh j¾Okh lr .ekSug;a §mdj,sh w;sYh WmldÍ fõ'


wjfndaOh

1' §mdj,s hkafkys w¾:h l=ula o@

2' §mdj,sh ieuÍu i|yd mdol jk mqrdjD;a; ;=kla i|yka lrkak'

3' §mdj,sh ksñ;af;ka flfrk mQcd úê fudkjd o@

4' YS% ,laIañhf.a w;a y;ßka ixfla;j;a flfrk .=Kdx. olajkak'

5' yskaÿ ne;su;=ka YS% ,laIañh ms§fï wfmalaIdj i|yka lrkak'

lDIaK mlaIfha - pkaøhdf.a l,d msysàu isoaO jk mE<úh mgka wudjl

f;la jQ Èk myf<djlska hq;a l¿jr mlaIfhys

wjmlaIfhys - mqr mif<diajl yd wudjl w;r y| flfuka uelS hk

ld,fhys

Y=la, mlaIfhys - wudjl fyj;a udfia fmdah miq jQ mE<úh Èkfha mgka

mif<diajl fmdfyda od f;la we;s i| t<sh l%ufhka jeä

jk Èk myf<djl ld,fhys

mqr mlaIfhys - pkaø udifhys l%ufhka i| jefvk myf<dia ojfiys

202 203

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk hq., mo fhdod jdlH ;kkak'

mqo mQcd pdß;% jdß;% ;E.s fnda.

wdydr mdk ñ, uqo,a Y=oaO mú;%

j;a ms<sfj;a we÷ï me,÷ï f.a fodr

iem iïm;a b÷ï ysgqï jkaokd udk

2' uq,ska § we;s kdu m%lD;s weiqfrka ‘;d’ yd ‘;aj’ hk m%;H iys; ;oaê; kdu

ilia lrkak'

3' my; i|yka mo w;=frka tla tla fma<sfha we;s ikaê fkd jk moh f;darkak'

1' oEjqreÿ" §mdj,sfha" mqrdjD;a;" foú÷

2' ÈjHdx.kdfjda" wNskj" krldiqrhd" jHdmdßlfhda

3' wyfiys" ys;ñ;=re" is;a;ï" .=Kdx.

4' fk,qïu," mQcdikh" W;aijYS%h" iq<eÕs,af,ka

5' ix.S;uh" iaj¾KdNrK" foajdYS¾jdo" fudaydkaOldrh

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' my; i|yka W;aij w;ßka tlla ms<sn|j ye¢kaùula fldg" Tn Bg wod<

pdß;% bgq lrñka tÈk .; lrk wdldrh úia;r lrkak'

fjila W;aijh

ff;fmdx.,a W;aijh

wjqreÿ W;aijh

rduidka W;aijh

2' “ixialD;sl W;aij wd.ñl iyÔjkhg fya;= fõ'” fï woyig wod<j jpk

150lska muK hq;= rpkhla ,shkak' iqÿiq ud;Dldjla o fhdokak'

m%lD;sh ‘;d’ m%;Hh

iys;j

‘;aj’ m%;Hh

iys;j

ksmqK

úfYaI

úÑ;%

mú;%

m%ùK

m%n,

iqyo

Y+r

204 205

iudcfha oekqj;a lsÍug fhdod .efkk úúO ikaksfõok l%u w;r w;am;s%ld o

fjhs' w;am;s%ld hkq w;ska w; hk m;s%ld h' úúO úµq;a l%u we;;a m%n, ikaksfõok

udOHhla f,i w;am;s%ldfõ w.h fkd keiS mj;S'

wOHdmkh" foaYmd,kh" fi!LHh" fj<odu wd§ lreKq iïnkaOfhka m%cdj oekqj;a

lsÍu i|yd úúOdldrfha w;am;s%ld iudcfha yqjudre fjhs' ksjfia §" nifha §"

uyuÕ § fyda fjk;a ia:dkhl § fun÷ w;am;s%ld Tn w;g o m;a ù ;sìh yels h'

my; oelafjk w;am;s%ldj msßlaikak'

w;am;s%ld

ffjµ ks¾foaY rys;j ys;=u;fha T!IO ,nd .ekSu yd Ndú; lsÍu

kS;s úfrdaë ls%hdjls Tfí urejd <x lr .ekSuls

ffjµjrhl= ksl=;a lrk

jÜfgdarejla rys;j merisgfuda,a

fyda úgñka j¾. fkd jk T!IO

^m<uq ldKavfha T!IO& ,nd fok

f,ig T!IO Yd,dj,g n,mEï fkd

lrkak'''

jÜfgdarejla rys;j T!IO

wf,úh fuka u T!IO b,a,Su

o kS;s úfrdaë ls%hdjls' tf,i

kS;s úfrdaëj T!IO ,nd fok

T!IO Yd,d ms<sn|j my;

ÿrl:k wxlj,g okajkak'''

th Tfí;a rfÜ;a hym;

fjkqfjka lrk

hq;=luls'''fmdÿ ÿrl:k 011 2 698 896 011 2 698 897kS;s ls%hd;aul 011 2 676 498lsSßfï wxYh

jHjia:dmk wêldßh 120"

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úoahq;a ,smskh : [email protected]

fjí wvúh : www.cdda.gov.lk

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204 205

1' ud;Dldj fyj;a f;aud mdGh

^wka;¾.;h biau;= jk fia ud;Dldj fyda f;aud mdGh fhÈh hq;= fjhs&

2' ksl=;a lrkakdf.a ;k;=r yd ia:dkh$wdh;kh fyda ixúOdkfha ku

yd ,smskh

f;dr;=re ud;Dldjg fyda f;audjg wkql+,j ksrjq,aj meyeÈ,sj

oelaúh hq;=h' w;am;s%ldj u.ska wu;kq ,nk msßig f;areï .; yels jk nia

jyrla fhdod .ekSu wjYH fõ'

j¾;udkfha iudch oekqj;a lsÍu i|yd fnod yefrk w;am;s%ld fnfyúka

wdl¾IŒh iajrEmhla .kS' mß.Kl yd uqøK Ys,amSh Wml%u fhdod .ksñka úúO

m%udKfha yd úúO yevfha wl=re" mska;+r" Ñ;% j¾K wd§ Wml%u u.ska Tma kexjQ tu

w;am;s%ld lshjd .ekSug fmd,Ujk whqßka ielfia' tfuka u iudcfha oekqj;a

lsÍu msgqjlska fyda follska fyda ilia lrk ,o w;am;s%ld o iudcfha yqjudre fõ'

by; olajd we;af;a tn÷ ld,Sk jeo.;alulska hq;a w;am;%sldjls'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' my; oelafjkafka ygkaneoao tlai;a iqNidOl iñ;sfha ldrl iNd /iaùfï §

we;s jQ l;dnfyka fldgils' bka wod< lreKq muKla f;dard f.k m%foaYjdiSka

w;r fnod yeÍu i|yd jpk 125lska muK hq;= w;am;s%ldjla ilia lrkak'

“wjqreÿ m;d lrk fï lghq;a; fï wjqreoafo;a fyd|g lrkafkdakE” “Tõ .sh wjqreoafo <ud ksjdfig odkhla ÿkakd'” “Bg biafi,a,d wjqqreoafo biamsß;df,a jdÜgqjla iqoao mú;% flrejd'” “fï ief¾ wms .fï mdr youq” “fï mdrj,a yok tl wmg whs;s jevla fkfjhs' tal m%foaYSh iNdfõ jevla” “ldg whs;s WK;a mdf¾ hkak ´k wmsfka'” “Tõ mdf¾ yeu ;eku j<j,a' fome;af; ldKq;a jeys,d hï;ï jeiaila wdfjd;a uv

fjkjd” “.fï Tlafldu tl;= jqfKd;a neß lula keye' fïlg wfma iñ;shhs fmruqK .kak k” “fyd|hs Y%uodkh fhdod .kakjd kï myiq ojila fjkak ´kE” “tfykï ,nk 12 fjksod od.uq' tod bßodjlafk” “wghs ;sy fjk fldgj;a jefâ mgka .uq'” “ljqre ljqre;a Woe,a,la" le;a;la" f¾lalhla" l+vd jf.a foaj,a wrf.k tkak ´kE” “t;fldg Y%uodkhg iyNd.s jk whg lEu îu˜

“iñ;sfha wruqo,ska fyda fouq' mdka f.ä mkyla yegla fílßfhka u .kak mq¿jks'” “fmd,a iïn,a tlal b¢wdmam fyd| keoao@”

w;am;s%ldfõ wdlD;sh

wka;¾.; lreKq

206 207

“krl o" m%foaYSh iNdjg lsh,d fudag¾ f.%vrhla f.kak .;af;d;a˜

“Tõ tal;a krl keye' iNdm;s;=ud wmg Woõ lrhs'˜

“t;=udg fï yßfhka ckao yïn WKd fka˜

“tfykï wms fï .ek .fï yefudagu lshuq˜

“fufyu tl;=jla ;sfhkjd kï iu.s udj; yokak meh ;=k y;rlska mq¿jka fõú'˜

“láka lshkjdg jeäh fyd|hs fï .ek m;s%ldjla ,sh,d fnod yßuq'˜

“tfykï f,alï úfÊ;=x. uy;a;hdg mq¿jka fï m;s%ldj yokak'”

2' Tfí mdif,a isxy, idys;H iñ;sh kj uqyqKqjrlska mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd

isiqka oekqj;a lsÍfï wruq‚ka w;am;s%ldjla ilia lrkak'

3' Èfkka Èk by< hk fvx.= Wjÿfrka .e,ùu i|yd m%cdj oekqj;a lsÍfï

wruq‚ka w;am;s%ldjla ilia lrkak'

4' w;am;s%ld Ndú;hg .; yels wjia:d 5la i|yka lrkak'

ck;djg fkdfhla foa ms<sn|j oekqï §u i|yd oekaùï fhdod .efka' rcfha"

jHdmdßl yd fm!oa.,sl jYfhka oelaúh yels fuu oekaùï hg;g /lshd

wenE¾;=" nexl= lghq;=" ñ, .Kka le|ùï" W;aij yd /iaùï" wjuÕ=,a oekaùï yd

fjf<| oekaùï wdÈh we;=<;a fjhs' fï úúO j¾.fha oekaùï" wdh;ksl oekaùï

mqjrej, o mqj;am;a jeks uqøs; udOHj, o rEmjdysksh yd wka;¾cd,h jeks úµq;a

udOH Tiafia o oel .; yels h'

NdKav yd fiajd ms<sn|j mdßfNda.slhka oekqj;a lsÍfï wruqfKka fjf<| oekaùï

ks¾udKh flf¾' Èkm;d mqj;am;aj, fuka u iÕrd" ¥rl:k kdudj,s yd iure

l,U wdÈfhys o fjf<| oekaùï iq,nj oelsh yels h' fïjd úúO iajrEmfhka

bÈßm;a fjhs'

fjf<| oekaùï NdId Ndú;h;a ks¾udKYS,s .=Kh;a m%lg flfrk m%dfhda.sl

f,aLk úfYaIhls' tys ,d lreKq ;=kla m%Odk fjhs'

fjf<| oekaùu NdKavhla ms<sn|j kï NdKavfha ku o fiajdjla ms<sn|j kï

fiajdfõ ku o meyeÈ,sj i|yka úh hq;= h' ksIamdok wdh;kfha fyda fiajd

wdh;kfha ku o we;=<;a úh hq;= fjhs' tu NdKav yd fiajdjka ,nd .ekSfuka w;a

jk .=K" jdis yd m%;s,dN o wka;¾.;hg we;=<;a ùu wjYH fõ'

±kaùï

fjf<| oekaùï

wka;¾.;h

206 207

fjf<| oekaùula mdßfNda.slhdf.a wdl¾IKhg ,la jk mßÈ ilia l< hq;= fjhs'

tys § ir, f,i fuka u is;a .kakd mßÈ ni fhdod .ekSu" úúO yevrefjka hq;a

wl=re" rEm" Ñ;% fhdod .ekSu fuka u is;a .kakd wdlD;shla ms<sìUq ùu o wfmalaId

flf¾'

fjf<| oekaùul § o NdIdj ksjerÈj Ndú; lsÍu w;HjYH h' ks¾udKd;aul

fuka u ksrjµ NdId Ndú;h mdßfNda.sl wdl¾IKhg md;% ùug o fya;= fõ'

ksrjµ wlaIr úkHdih" mo idOkh yd jdlH fhdackh fjf<| oekaùul § o fkd

i,ld y< yels wx. fkd fõ'

mqj;am;aj, m< jk yd rEmjdysŒ" wka;¾cd, wdÈ udOHhkays olakg ,efnk

fjf<| oekaùï ksÍlaIKh lsÍfuka by; .=Kdx. tajdys we;=<;a ù we;aoehs Tng

ksÍlaIKh l< yels h'

ks¾udKYS,S;ajh

ksjerÈ NdId Ndú;h

Tfí jdyk isyskhienE lr .kak

iyk ,SiSx iu. wo u tlajkak

,shdmoxÑ jdyk i|yd myiqfjka ,siSx

m<uq rlaIK jdßlh iu. remsh,a ñ,shkhl Ôú; rlaIKhla

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² kv;a;= ì,am;a i|yd úfYaI jÜgï

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208 209

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' kj ksIamdokhla y÷kajd §u i|yd fjf<| oekaùula ks¾udKh lrkak'

^fmd;a yd ,sms øjH" oka;df,am" inka j¾." wdydr øjH" .Dy WmlrK fyda

fjk;a wod< ksIamdokhla fï i|yd fhdod .kak&

2' hï wdh;khla ;u fiajdj m%pdrh fldg fiajd,dNSkaf.a wdl¾IKh Èkd

.eksug wfmalaId lrhs' ta i|yd iqÿiq fjf<| oekaùula ilia lrkak'

bx.S%is NdIdfjka Memorndom hkqfjka o ye¢kafjkafka lsishï wdh;khla ;=<

Ndú; flfrk wNHka;r ikaksfõok l%uhls' isxy, jHjydrfha § fuh fufuda

m;" isys m; wdÈ kïj,ska y÷kajkq ,efí' lsishï lKavdhulg f;dr;=rla oekqï

§u tys uQ,sl ld¾hNdrh hs' lsishï úfYaIs; .eg¨jla" m%;sm;a;shla" ;SrKhla" Èß

.ekaùula" w.h lsÍula tys wka;¾.;h hs'

f,dj mqrd Ndú; flfrk fufuda m;a úúO wdlD;sj,ska hqla; h' tA w;ßka tla

wdlD;shla my; oelafõ'

igyka (Memo)

fufuda m;

fhduqj ( ^,nkakdf.a ku iy ;k;=r&

fj;ska ( ^hjkakdf.a ku iy ;k;=r&

ldrKh ( ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

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msgm;a ( ^msgm;a ,nk whf.a kï$;k;=re&

m‚úvh

208 209

by; wdo¾Ykfha oelafjk mßÈ wod< f;dr;=re we;=<;a lsÍfuka fufuda m;

iïmQ¾K l< hq;= h' m‚úvh ir,j yd meyeÈ,sj o ksrjq,aj yd ixlaIsma;j o

oelaùu jeo.;a fõ'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tn iudc fiajd wud;HdxYfha f,alïjrhd hehs is;d f,dal jeäysá Èkh i|yd

mdi,a isiqka w;r rpkd ;r.hla ixúOdkh l< hq;= nj Tn wud;HdxYfha

iyldr f,alï ûdkj iïnkaO;d& fj; oekqï §u i|yd fufuda m;la ilia

lrkak'

2' Tn wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha f,alïjrhd hehs Wml,amkh lr isxy, NdId

Èkh id¾:lj meje;aùu ms<sn|j wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha NdId yd udkj

Ydia;% wxYfha wOHlaI we;=¿ ld¾h uKav,h we.hSu i|yd fufuda m;la ilia

lrkak' îsh¨ u w;sf¾l f,alïjrekag msgm;a fhduq lsÍu wjYH fõ'&

210 211

iyDo ukfia rij;a jQ yeÕSï we;s lsÍug iu;a .oH iy moH lD;s idys;H

ks¾udK .Kfhys ,d ie,fla' th ks¾udKd;aul jQ ld¾hhls' tu ks¾udK

úkaokh lsÍfuka biau;= jQ yeÕSï iuqodh yd thska u;= lr .kakd w¾:

iuqodh úpdrfha wka;¾.;h fõ' idys;H ks¾udKh yd idys;H úpdrh

tlsfklg ne÷Kq wx. folls' idys;H úpdrh ms<sn| fuu mdvu uydpd¾h

tÈßùr irÉpkaøf.a idys;H úoHdj yd Ô'î' fiakdkdhlf.a kjl;d l,dj

hk lD;s weiqfrka ilia lr we;'

“wjla;dms iajhx f,dl# ldux ldjHmÍlaIl#

rimdldkNsf{dms fNdla;d fj;a;s k lsx riï”

úpdrfha lafIa;%h yd tys iSudj fï Yaf,dlfhka uekúka m%ldY fõ' wyr bÈ

l< yelafla iaj,am fokdg h' tfy;a iEu fokd u wyr nqÈ;s" wyf¾ ri oks;s'

wyr msiskq ,nkafka nqÈkakka i|yd h' tneúka wyr msik wh h" wyr nqÈk

wh h hkqfjka fldgia folla we;' wyr nqÈk wh hï wyrla rij;a o keoao lshd

mji;a' tfy;a Tjqyq msiSfuys fkdfmdfydi;a fj;s' wij,a øjH f.k wij,a f,i

bÈ l<fyd;a rij;a fj;shs lshkag Tjqyq fkd oks;s'

idys;H lafIa;%fhys o óg iudk ;;ajhla mj;S' tys o rij;a fldg ldjH

ks¾udKh lrk wh h' ri ú¢k wh h hkq jYfhka fldgia folla we;' ri ú¢k

wh" ;uka ks¾udK ld¾hfhys wiu;a jqj o ri kSri fNaoh oks;s' tkï" wij,a

lD;sh rij;a h" wij,a lD;sh kSri h lshd mejiSug Tjqkag mq¿jk' ula ksid o

h;a idys;Hh ks¾udKh fldg ;sfnkafka Tjqkaf.a úkaokh i|yd neúks' lúhdg

Wmfoia §ug Tjqyq fkd oks;s' tfy;a ldjHh mÍlaId lsÍu Tjqka i;= ld¾h h

fkdfj;shs lsj fkd yels h'

úpdrh hs lshkafka ldjHfha rih iïnkaOfhka ta ú¢kakka úiska lrk

,o m%ldYkhg h' tfy;a ri ú¢k yeu fokdg u fï ld¾hh ukd f,i bgq

l< fkd yels h' ni okakd ish¨ fok u ldjHfha ri ú¢;s' tfy;a ;ud ú¢

rih flnkaola oehs m%ldY lsÍu jQl,s yeu fokdg u l< yelalla fkd fõ' Bg

wd;audkaùlaIKh wjYH h' úpdrlhd ;udf.a yoj; foi n,d tys yg.;a Ndjuh

w;aoelSu iqÿiq jpkfhka lshd mE hq;= h'

idys;H ks¾udK úpdrh 23

210 211

ni okakd ish¨ fokd u ri ú¢;a kï úpdrh l=ug oehs flfkl= wikag mq`Mjk'

ni okakd ish¨ fokdg ri úkaokfha YlH;dj ;sfnk kuq;a ks¾udK úIhfhys

fuka úkaok úIhfhys o mßph we;s kï uekú' ni oekSu jQl,s tla tla flkd

;=< tla tla m%udKhg msysgd ;sìh yelalls' hka;ï jpkd¾:h f;areï .ekSu o

ni oekSula fõ' tfy;a ni iïmQ¾Kfhka oek .ekSug kï nia jyf¾ úúOd¾:

jgyd .; ukd h' u;= msáka fmfkk jdpHd¾:h fkdj jHx.Hd¾:h o wjfndaO l<

hq;= h' nfia nqoaêf.dapr jk fldgi muKla fkd j yDohf.dapr jk fldgi o o;

hq;= h'

ri úkaokhg ni oek .ekSu wjYH jk w;r ldjH ri úkaokh fya;= fldgf.k

ni ms<sn| oekqu o j¾Okh fõ' ula ksid o h;a ni b;d iQlaIau f,i mßyrKh

lrkafka lùka jk neúks' lúhd NdIdfõ we;s uq¿ YlH;dfjka m%fhdack .kakd

flfkls' msiuka okakd wrlaleñhd fkdfhla øjH f.k fkdfhla whqßka ñY%

fldg" wmQre rifhka hq;a wyr msikakd fia u lúhd o fkdfhla joka f.k"

fkdfhla wre;a f.k" úúO f,i ñY% fldg" fmr kqjQ úrE jHx.Hd¾:" Yío èjks

we;s fldg wmQre rihla ks¾udKh lrhs'

tneúka" úpdrh hs lsj hq;af;a ldjH ri úkaokfha ukd mßph we;s whf.a

m%ldYkhg úh hq;= h' tu m%ldYkj,ska" úúO ri ú| m<mqreoao ke;s whg tn÷

úkaokhlg u. mEfoa' idudkH f,dalhdg úIh kqjQ úkaokhla hï ldjHhl we;ehs

úpdrlhd mjihs' Tyqf.a lSu Tiafia f.dia idudkH f,dalhd o úkaokhla ,nd .kS'

wij,a lD;sh rij;a h wij,a lD;sh kSri hhs lshkakdjQ úpdrlhd ;udf.a

m%ldYkh ikd: lsÍï jia hï hï fya;= olajhs' tfy;a Tyq ;¾ldkql+, kHdhhla

wkq.ukh fkd lrhs' rih jQl,s Ndjuh úkaokhls' th ;¾l nqoaêhg yiq jk

i;Hhla fkd fõ' úpdrlhd lshkafka wij,a lúfhka wij,a úkaokhla ,nd.;

yels h lshd h' we;a; jYfhka Tyq lshkafka “uu fï lúfhka ri úkaokhla

,enqfhñ' Tng o tn÷ úkaokhla ,eìh yels h” lshd hs' tmuKla fkd fõ' “uu

lúfhka ri úkaokhla ,enqfhñ' ud olajk lreKq i,lf;d;a ´kE u flfkl=g

tu rih ú¢h yels” hs o Tyq lshhs'

fln÷ ‘lreK’ o Tyq olajkafka@ “fï lúfha wij,a ,laIK ;sfí' fuys mo

ixfhdackh fufia h' fï mo ixfhdackfhka fun÷ jHx.Hd¾:hla oekfõ' fï

w,xldrfhys fï jHx.Hh we;' fï jpkfha Yío èjksh fufia h˜ hkdÈ lreKq h

Tyq olajkafka' “uf.a úkaokhg fya;= jQfha fï lreKq h' tu lreKq i,lf;d;a

Tng o tn÷ úkaokhla we;s úh hq;= h'˜hs Tyq lshhs'

úpdrfha m%fhdackh fï hs' idudkH mdGlhdg fkd fmfkk lreKq lú ni

yeoErE whg" ldjH ri úkaokfha m<mqreoao we;s whg" tkï( úpdrlhkag fmfka'

tjekakkaf.a úfõpk lshùfuka fmdÿ f,dalhd;a ldjH ri úkaokhg fm,fò'

ke;fyd;a úpdrfhka fmdÿ f,dalhdf.a úkaokh jvd;a ;Sj% fõ' jvd;a .eUqre fõ'

úpdrh id¾:l jkafka Bg wdY%h jQ ldjHh lsis hï m%udKhlg j;a rij;a jQ

úg h' hï ldjHhla kSri hhs fmkajd §ug lem jQ úpdrh kshu úprh fkd fõ'

212 213

kSri rpkdjka úfõpkh lrkag isÿ ùu úpdrlhdf.a wNd.Hh h' rifhys wdúIag

ù lrk úpdrh muK h id¾:l jkafka' mdGlhd ri úkaokhg fm,Uùfï Yla;sh

we;af;a o tn÷ úpdrfhys h'

idys;Hldrhkaf.a;a idys;H rislhkaf.a;a Wiialug fyda my;alug fyda wkql+,j

idys;Hh kef.hs¦ jefghs' mrïmrdjl Ôú;h ms<sn| wjfndaOh Tjqkaf.a nqoaê

uysuhg wkqj Wiia fyda my;a fyda fjhs' tfyhska idys;Hldrhka o idys;H

rislhka o nqoaê uysufhka ÈhqKq jQ l,l ksmojQ idys;Hh tfia ÈhqKq fkdjQ l,l

ksmojQ idys;Hhg jvd Ôú; oekqfuka fmdaIs; h'

tfy;a idys;Hldrhka Ôú;h úia;r lrkag fyda újrKh lrkag fyda fhdok

nqoaêfhys ;shqKq nj muKla i,ld idys;Hhl fY%aIaG;ajh uekSu iqÿiq fkd fõ'

idys;Hldrhkaf.a nqoaêhg úIhh jk Ôú; m%foaYfhys úYd,;ajh o idys;Hhl

fY%aIaG;ajh uekSfuys § i,ld ne,sh hq;= hq;= h' Ôú;fhys iq¿ fldgila újrKh

lrk lsishï idys;Hhla tA iq¿ fldgi b;d ;shqKq m%Ndjlska mÍlaId fldg újrKh

lrkakla úh yels h' Ôú;fhys úYd, fldgila újrKh lrk idys;Hhla tmuK

;shqKq m%Ndjlska hqla; fkd jkakla úh yels h' fujeks idys;H foll fY%aIaG;ajh

iu fldg n,d ksiel ;SrKhlg neiSu ÿIalr hhs is;ñ' kùk idys;Hhka o

mer‚ idys;Hhka o iu lrkakjqka úiska fndfyda úg fï ÿIalr;ajhg uqyqK mE

hq;= fjhs'

idys;Hldrhka Ôú;h újrKh lsÍug fh¥ m%;sNdfjys ;shqKq nj fuka u" újrKhg

Ndck jQ Ôú; m%foaYfhys úYd,;ajh o idys;Hhl fY%aIaG;ajh uekSfuys § tl

f,i jeo.;a fldg ie,lsh hq;= h'

idys;Hhl .eí jk m%;sNdfjka idys;Hldrhdf.a m%;sNdj fuka u" idys;H

rislhdf.a m%;sNdj o ueksh yels h' tfia u idys;Hhl újrKhg Ndck jQ Ôú;

m%foaYfha m%udKfhka oek .; yelafla idys;Hldrhd úiska jeo.;a fldg ie,l+

Ôú; m%foaYfhys m%udKh muKla fkd fõ' idys;Hldrhd úiQ iudch úiska jeo.;a

fldg ie,l+ Ôú; m%foaYfhys m%udKh o oek .; yels h'

fmd; m; lrkq ,nkafka ridiajdoh i|yd h' tfyhska idys;Hldrhd fmd;la

lsÍfï § ;u m%;sNdj yd reÑ wreÑlï fuka u iudcfhys reÑ wreÑlï yd

m%;sNdj o ie,lsh hq;= h' fï lreKq fkd i,ld l< .%ka:hla idys;Hldrhdf.a

mrïmrdjg fkd .e<fmhs' lsishï mrïmrdjla úiska fkd i,ld y< we;eï

.%ka:ldrhka miqj wd mrïmrdjla úiska fmr isáhjqka fkd ÿgq i;H o ri o tA

idys;Hldrhkaf.a .%ka:j, oelSu óg fya;=j h' tA .%ka:ldrhka ;ukaf.a iuld,Sk

rislhka úiska fkd i,ld yf<a m%;sNdfjka o reÑl;ajfhka o Tjqkaf.a .%ka:

Tjqkaf.a iudchg fkd .e<mqKq fyhsks' idys;Hldrhd ;shqKq nqoaêhlska jgyd

.;a fohla rislhd úiska o jgyd .kag kï Tyq Bg iEfyk muK nqoaêhlska

hqla; jQjl= úh hq;= h' idys;Hldrhd ;u reÑ wreÑlïj,g wkqj l< .%ka:hl

idys;H úoHdj" tÈßùr irÉpkaø

212 213

ri ú¢k rislhd o idys;Hldrhdf.a reÑl;ajhg iudk reÑl;ajhla we;a;l=

úh hq;= h' lsishï .%ka:hlska úia;r lrk Ôú; m%foaYh iudchg reÑ fkd fõ

kï tA .%ka:h o Tjqkag reÑ fkd fõ' tfyhska lsis idys;Hhlg úIhh jk Ôú;

m%foaYfhys m%udKh iudcfha reÑ wreÑlïj,g wkqj iSud fjhs'

wjfndaOh

1' ‘idys;Hh’ hkak fláfhka úia;r lrkak'

2' idys;Hlrejdf.a m%Odk udOHh jkafka l=ula o@

3' ks¾udKlrejl= ;=< ;sìh hq;= uQ,sl .=Kdx. fudkjd o@

4' ‘idys;H ks¾udK úpdrh’ hkak Tng yefÕkafka flfia o@

5' úpdrfha § wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= wx. fudkjd o@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' idys;H ks¾udKhl ‘rih’ we;s lsÍug fhdod .kq ,nk Wml%u ljf¾ oehs

idlÉPd lrkak'

2' ‘idys;H úpdrh’ ms<sn| ,sms fidhd f.dkqjla idokak'

3' f;dard .;a f,aLlhkaf.a ks¾udK lsysmhla ms<sn| úpdrh lrñka ì;a;s

mqj;amf;ys w;sf¾lhla ilikak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' my; oelafjkafka jx. f,aLl úN+;s N+IK nkafodmdOHdhf.a ‘fmdf:¾ mxpd,s’ kjl;dfõ isxy, mßj¾;kh jk ‘udjf;a .S;h’ lD;sfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,o

fldgils' tys oelafjk mßir j¾Kkh ms<sn| we.hSula lrkak'

‘.x bjqf¾ keuqKq uqÿka we;s .ia" kÈfha isys,a ld,j¾K c,h u; u,a úiqrejd

oud we;' fidakdvx.d ;eks;,dj ueo u.Skaf.a kq. .i msgqmiska úYd, rla;j¾K

iQ¾hhd uqjd fjhs'

th fmfkkafka lsishï foaj orefjla" r;= meyehska .skshï jQjdla fuka

fmfkk id.rfhka nqnq,la f.k fi,a,ug msU wyig hejQ fia h'’ ^mßj¾;kh ( Ñka;d ,laIaó isxywdrÉÑ&

2' Tn lshjQ fmd;l we;=<;a rij;a mßir j¾Kkhla ì;a;s mqj;am;g we;=<;a

lsÍu i|yd ilia lrkak'

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