JLPT Lvl2 grammar

おかげで [おかげで] [okagede] /thanks to/ "It's thanks to you that I received the

promotion."

くらい [くらい] [kurai] /about, as/ "(about) as normal as any other guy on the

street."

最中に [さいちゅうに] [saichuu] /right in the middle of/ "Right in the middle of

the ceremony, the lights went out."

て以来 [ていらい] [teirai] /since; ever since; from here on/ "Ever since graduation, I

haven't met with any of my classmates."

に反して [にはんして] [nihanshite] /against, contrary to/ "contrary to

expectations"

くせに [くせに] [kuseni] /although, despite/ "although he's tall, he can't run fast"

にもかかわらず [にもかかわらず] [nimokakawarazu] /despite; though; although; in spite of/

"despite the rain lots of people came"

結果 [けっか] [kekka] /as a result of/ "as a result of consulting him, I

decided"

にとって [にとって] [nitotte] /to; for/ "For foreigners, natto is hard to eat."

上で [うえで] [uede] /upon, after/ "I will reply upon careful consideration."

のもとで [のもとで] [nomotode] /based on, under/ "under his guidance I was able

to pass the test"

につき [につき] [nitsuki] /a, per, each/ "this job pays ten dollars per hour"

に限って [にかぎって] [nikagitte] /of all the ... / especially / only / just/ "our child

of all children / especially our child"

に過ぎない [にすぎない] [nisuginai] /nothing more than/ "nothing more than a rumor"

はもとより [はもとより] [hamotoyori] /to begin with ... and also .../ "she speaks

english to begin with, but also french and german"

のみならず [のみならず] [nominarazu] /not only, but also.../ "not only humans but

also dogs can have a psychiatrist"

一方だ [いっぽうだ] [ippouda] /increasing tendency/ "the number of people with

mobile phones is increasing"

きり [] [kiri1] /just, only/ "he just drinks coffee"

に加えて [にくわえて] [nikuwaete] /in addition to/ "Well, in addition to that, he

also paid for the food."

だけのことはある [だけのことはある] [dakenokotohaaru] /is surely because 〜; not

surprising that 〜; It was worth 〜/ "It is not surprising that the representative flower of Japan is

the cherry blossom."

ないことには [ないことには] [naikotoniha] /if (it's) not; unless/ "It won't sell if it's not

interesting."

〜ことか [〜ことか] [kotoka] /a lot/ "Wow! You really have a lot of money in the

bank."

ことだから [ことだから] [kotodakara] /as always/ "its him, so he will always finish it"

事無く [ことなく] [kotonaku] /without/ "without resting, he worked all night"

だけ [だけ] [dake] /1) just, only, simply, merely; 2) as much as X wants/like/can (whatever,

anything)/ "1) don't just love her; 2) eat as much as you want (eat whatever/anything you'd

like)"

〜こそ [〜こそ] [koso] /this, especially (emphasis),very/ "Welcome! Nice to see you!"

〜際 [〜さい] [sai] /when/ "when you fill in the form"

〜しかない [〜しかない] [shikanai] /no alternative, no option but to.../ "nothing

to do but try..."

〜次第で [〜しだいで] [shidaide] /depending on/ "depending on the weather,

we'll go"

まいか [まいか] [maika] /will not [expresses a little uncertainty]/ "will [probably

not] not eat"

にきまっている [にきまっている] [nikimatteiru] /(It's been) decided; expected; definitely/

"He'll definitely lose the match."

かと思うと [かとおもうと] [katoomouto] /as soon as I noticed, almost immediately/

"as soon as i noticed he was here, he left"

としたら、とすれば、とすると [としたら、とすれば、とすると] [toshitara, tosureba, tosuruto]

/if one did; if one were to/ "If we went to a hot spring, where would be good?"

ばかりか [ばかりか] [bakarika] /not just, but also/ "not just people, but also pets

can go to the spa nowadays"

向き [むき] [muki] /for, facing, toward, aimed at/ "a PC for old people"

ぬく [ぬく] [nuku] /completely; until the end/ "Parents of children who have

absolutely no interest in studying are completely at a loss."

〜ものなら [〜ものなら] [mononara] /if .. is possible, then.../ "if i can go"

〜ようがない [〜ようがない] [youganai] /no way to/ "no way to eat the soup"

て形からでないと; て形からでなければ [てからでないと; てからでなければ] [tekaradenaito;

tekaradenakereba] /If I don't 〜, I can't 〜; I can't 〜 unless I 〜./ "If I don't consult my

boss, I cannot give a reply."

てならない [てならない] [tenaranai] /Cannot help -ing; Unbearably; Irresistibly/ "I

cannot help feeling anxious."

〜ことに　「は」 [〜ことに　「は」] [kotoni] /Very; Quite; The 〜 thing is that..../

"To my great surprise..."

きり　 [きり　] [kiri2] /just, for good, once and for all (keeps on same state)/ "he

went to america for good."

ほかない [ほかない] [hokanai] /nothing else to do but.../ "nothing else to do but

stay in bed"

からといって [からといって] [karatoitte] /just because/ "just because he is

japanese..."

抜き [ぬき] [nuki] /without/ "sushi without wasabi"

うちに [うちに] [uchini-2] /before ... (something bad happens); while ... still (being

OK), while (state still continue) and before the state is finished/ "暗くならないうちに帰ってきなさ

い。/ Come home before it gets dark."

ことはない [ことはない] [koto ha nai] /no need to/ "There's no need to be insulting, you

know!"

〜ものがある [〜ものがある] [monogaaru] /there is such a thing (essence), feels like/

"she has the power to move people with her songs"

〜につき [〜につき] [nitsuki-2] /due to/ "due to construction, the train is late."

〜にしたら [〜にしたら] [nishitara] /if (one had) 〜's perspective/ "if (one had) the

firm's perspective, low wages are good"

〜さえ〜ば [〜さえ〜ば] [sae-ba] /If ‾ just If ‾ only/ "if you just have a map, you"

に限らず [にかぎらず] [nikagirazu] /not just, limited to/ "not only women, but also

men..."

通じて [つうじて] [tsuujite] /through, by/ "we met through work (see also

tooshite)"

〜んです [〜んです] [ndesu] /explain causes, reasons, grounds/ "The thing is that

my car broke down and I had to come by bus."

かえって [かえって] [kaette] /on the contrary/ "on the contrary, the drink was

bitter"

というもの [というもの] [toiumono] /that thing called/ "There is something called the

Komodo Dragon."

〜としても [〜としても] [toshitemo] /even if; assuming/ "Even if it was true, I wouldn't

believe it of him!"

といっても [といっても] [toittemo] /but/ "the training is tough, but it only lasts three

months"

た形ところ [たところ] [tatokoro] /just as I'd, right at the moment when I'd/

"just as I thought to call her, she called me"

にかけては, にかけても [にかけては, にかけても] [nikaketeha, nikaketemo]

/regarding, about, concerning/ "regarding that news について"

にとっての [にとっての] [nitotteno] /to; for/ "The problem for Tarou is that he

doesn't understand English."

もので [もので] [monode] /because of (that thing)/ "because I have no savings, can

you lend me money"

一方 [いっぽう] [ippou] /on the other hand, on the other side, one-way/ "It's one-

way traffic only on this street."

一方では [いっぽうでは] [ippoudeha] /on the one hand . . . [can also mean "on the

other hand"]/ "On the one hand, you are right . . ."

に相違ない [にそういない] [nisouinai] /definitely; without a doubt/ "That's

definitely the same color as the fabric."

〜まい [〜まい] [mai-1] /won't (do something)/ "I won't tell her"

〜まい [〜まい] [mai-2] /probably won't/ "you probably won't die from this

illness"

も〜ば [も〜ば] [moba] /Both(,,,,)and(,,,,,)/ "She is both pretty and clever,so many

people envy her."

にする [にする] [nisuru] /to make./ "(The teacher) makes the class interesting."

まいか [まいか] [maika-2] /won't you?/ "Won't you give me ‾ ?"

〜まい [〜まい] [mai-4] /Don't do ‾/ "Don't let this get out."

得る [える] [eru] /to get, to win, to be possible/ "I won it in a raffle."

〜につけ [〜につけ] [nitsuke] /each time, whenever, either way/ "whenever

i see my mum knitting a sweater.."

ものだ [ものだ] [monoda-2] /(thing) you know? isn't it?/ "its a fun thing, exchanging mail

on mobile phones, isn't it."

丸で [まるで] [marude] /as if, practically/ "he orders me around as if I were his

servant"

からして [からして] [karashite] /(1)Even; (2)Given, (Judging) From/By/ "He can't

even read hiragana."

に当たって; に当たり [にあたって; にあたり] [niatatte; niatari] /on the occasion of; at;

in; before; prior to/ "On the occasion of my study abroad, my father told me about his own

experience."

に際して [にさいして] [nisaishite] /when; on the occasion of; at (the time of); in; upon

(doing something)/ "When I transferred to Osaka, I left my wife and children behind in Tokyo."

とは限らない [とはかぎらない] [tohakagiranai] /not always, not necessarily/

"expensive things are not always better"

にわたって [にわたって] [niwatatte] /over; span(ning)/ "His interests span many fields."

に対して [にたいして] [nitaishite] /toward; to; in contrast to; whereas; in regard to; in;

per/ "Up until now, Japan has taken a closed policy toward foreign countries."

に於いて [において] [nioite] /at/on/in this case/ "in london"

ないではいられない [ないではいられない] [naidehairarenai] /cannot help but, cannot stop

doing/ "cannot help but drink alcohol"

みせる [みせる] [miseru-2] /to show/ "I was ashamed to show my face"

てしょうがない; てたまらない [てしょうがない; てたまらない] [teshouganai; tetamaranai]

/Can't help but 〜; Extremely 〜; Very 〜/ "Due to a lack of sleep, I can't help but be

exhausted."

途端（に） [とたん（に）] [totan(ni)] /as soon as, the instant/ "as soon as I

opened the door"

わけではない [わけではない] [wakedehanai] /It does not (necessarily) mean that 〜;

I don't mean that 〜; It is not (true) that 〜; It is not the case that 〜/ "It doesn't necessarily

mean he understood."

にほかならない [にほかならない] [nihokanaranai] /nothing but; merely; none other than/

"War is nothing but death."

のに [のに] [noni] /despite/ "Despite running, I didn't catch the train."

からには [からには] [karaniha] /so long as, since/ "so long as I am a woman"

については [については] [nitsuiteha] /As for ‾ concerning ‾/

恐れがある [おそれがある] [osoregaaru] /worry about, there is a possibility, there is

fear that/ "i worry this illness might be contagious"

下さい [ください] [kudasai] /please/ "Please give me,that"

として [として] [toshite] /as; in the capacity of/ "I'm using this room

as a storeroom."

からすると [からすると] [karasuruto] /from, you can judge, based on/ "based on his

expression"

ということだ [ということだ] [toiukotoda] /it must mean, it boils down to/

必ずしも [かならずしも] [kanarazushimo] /not necessarily/ "Big men are not

necessarily strong men"

かと思うと [かとおもうと] [katoomouto-2] /When I think it may/ "When I

think that it may continue this way I really get depressed."

ものですから [ものですから] [monodesukara] /because/ "I am late because my

alarm clock is broken"

〜風 [ふう] [fuu] /Style/ "Japanese style apartment"

たび、たびに [たび、たびに] [tabi, tabini] /each time, every time, whenever/

"Whenever I go overseas, I realize the merits of my own country."

に伴って [にともなって] [nitomonatte] /as; in proportion to; with/ "The

number of problems related to the sale of pets has been increasing with the recent pet boom."

がたい [がたい] [gatai] /Vm, ‾ difficult to/ "hard to understand"

〜げ [〜げ] [ge] /Ab, seems (〜そう）/ "seems fun"

気味 [ぎみ] [gimi] /Vm、N slight tendency toward, seems like, feels so../ "He is on the

heavy side."

以上 [いじょう] [ijou] /Vru, since; now that; once; as long as/ "as long as you're here,

we may as well have fun"

かねない [かねない] [kanenai] /Vm, capable of (a bad thing)/ "he is capable of

anything"

以上 [いじょう] [ijou-2] /exceeding, above/ "More than two hours"

〜上 [じょう] [jou] /point of view/ "this film isn't good from the educational POV"

上で [じょうで] [joude] /N, On/ "X-windows doesn't run on Virtual-PC."

べきだ [べきだ] [bekida] /V, ought to, must/ "you must call your parents"

っこない [っこない] [kkonai] /Vpm, impossible to/ "I cant possibly get a

Nobel prize"

がり [がり] [gari] /Vm, tend to, sensitive to/ "he overheats easily"

ものだ [ものだ] [monoda] /a thing that, the thing/

つつ [つつ] [tsutsu] /Vm, -ing/ "even knowing I need exercise, I don't"

ながら [ながら] [nagara] /Vm, despite while, although/ "while knowing that

smoking is bad, I just keep doing it"

だらけ [だらけ] [darake] /covered with; littered with; infested with,full of/ "This

website is littered with mistakes."

たとえ [たとえ-ても] [tatoe] /even if/ "even if you"

〜ては [〜て は] [teha] /Vte, (te-form verb + contrastative ha wa)/ "Don't die! (Lit:

Your dying would be terrible)"

ないことは(も)ない [ないことは(も)ない] [naikotohanai] /it isn't the case that 〜 not 〜;

it is not that 〜 not 〜/ "It's not that I don't read newspapers, but very rarely do I read

them."

ように〜て [ように〜て] [youni-te] /V, asking someone to ask someone else to do

something (indirect order)/ "please ask him to call me"

ようにする [ようにする] [youni-suru] /V, try to/ "I will try to do it..."

を込めて [をこめて] [wokomete] /[Verb Phrase] with all your [Noun Phrase]/

"sing with all your heart"

つつある [つつある] [tsutsuaru] /Vm, middle of doing...､continues to/ "日本語学

校の数は減りつつある。 Numbers at the Japanese school are continuing to fall."

意向形ではないか [〜ようではないか] [youdehanaika] /why don't we/ "一緒に勉

強 しようではないか。/ Why don't we study together?"

〜な [〜な] [na-3] /Vm na (positive command - sentence ending particle)/ "Get up already!"

ことになっている [ことになっている] [kotoninatteiru] /became a rule; been decided

that; expected to; supposed to/ "My daughter is supposed to study abroad next year."

に基づいて [にもとづいて] [nimotozuite] /based (up)on/ "This is a novel based on

real life."

かどうかのうちに [かどうかのうちに] [kadoukanouchini] /just at the time when/

"just as the doors opened"

ざるをえない [ざるをえない] [zaruwoenai] /can't avoid doing x/ "i can't not go [always

double-neg]"

〜末に [〜すえに] [sueni] /in the end, result/

という風に [というふうに] [fuuni] /in that way/ "hold it like this"

てたまらない [てたまらない] [tetamaranai] /be dying to do something, to feel X

strongly, can't help it.../ "I am dying to go home"

ばかりに [ばかりに] [bakarini] /because (of a negative thing); simply because;

simply on account of/ "he was fired just for talking back"

限り [かぎり] [kagiri] /as far as, as long as, until, unless/ "as far as I know"

むしろ [むしろ] [mushiro] /rather/ "rather, I would say the chance is small"

切る [きる] [kiru] /verb-totally/ "totally sold out"

って [って] [tte] /...said; no matter what/ "He said that....."

〜はさておき [〜はさておき] [hasateoki] /leaving aside, aside from/ "Leaving that

aside"

をはじめ [をはじめ] [wohajime] /not only, but also starting with/ "not only french,

but also german, spanish etc..."

わりに [わりに] [warini] /considering ..., for .../ "she looks good for her age"

きっかけに [きっかけに] [kikkakeni] /Since; Take the opportunity afforded by 〜 to 〜/

"Since I was moving, I also took the chance to buy new furniture."

どころではない、どころではなく [どころではない、どころではなく] [dokorodehanai,

dokorodehanaku] /not at all; far from; anything but; out of the question/ "Cold is not the

word. It's FREEZING!"

ことに〜 [ことに〜] [kotoni-group] /I decided, it was decided, it is a rule/ "I

decided to change companies"

ことになる [ことになる] [kotoninaru] /To be decided, to be arranged/ "It has been

decided I will go to new york"

ついでに [ついでに] [tsuideni] /while doing A, I had a chance to do B, since doing A

anyway, do B/ "while i was at my parents,"

を契機に [をけいきに] [okeikini] /on the opportunity of/ "if you do A, do B at the

same time"

よう・そう・らしい・聞いた [よう・そう・らしい・聞いた] [looks/seems/heard-group]

/looks like or seems like/ "seems it will rain"

ついでに・を契機に・をきっかけに [ついでに・をきっかけに] [simultaneous-actions-group]

/while doing A, do B/ "I went to the shop on the way home"

かわる [かわる] [kawaru-group] /instead of / in place of/ "I will go instead of you"

名詞が名詞に代わって [めいしがめいしにかわって] [nikawatte] /use Noun が instead of Noun に/

"instead of this, use that"

代わりに [かわりに] [kawarini-2] /to make up for, in exchange for/ ".. but to make

up for it I will work later"

つい [つい] [tsui] /without thinking, despite myself/ "oops, i said too much!"

にとって・として・の上で・からいうと・から見ると [にとって・として・の上で・からいうと・から見

ると] [viewpoint-group] /from the point of view, based on/ "from my point of view"

ように・とおりに・を中心に・に沿って・をもとにして [ように・とおりに・を中心に・に沿って・

をもとにして] [basis-of-action-group] /as, along with, like/ "as I showed you"

というより [というより] [toiuyori] /rather, more than/ "cold rather than cool"

によって・次第で・いかんで [によって・次第で・いかんで] [depend-correspond-group]

/depending on, according to/ "depending on the weather"

を問わず・にかかわらず・もかまわず [を問わず・にかかわらず・もかまわず] [unrelated-group]

/ignoring, leaving aside/ "leaving aside his reputation"

だけあって [だけあって] [dakeatte] /because, as expected (used for positive things)/

"the food was good as expected"

だけに [だけに] [dakeni] /as expected, after all/ "he studied hard and passed, as

expected"

における・おいて [における・おいて] [niokeru] /at, in, as for/ "the progress IN

science / occur AT the hotel"

はともかく [はともかく] [hatomokaku] /leaving A aside, A is good, but B is another

thing/ "price aside, its great."

に従って; に従い [にしたがって; にしたがい] [nishitagatte; nishitagai] /following; in

accordance with; as 〜, accordingly; in proportion to/ "As our income increases, our

expenditure increase accordingly."

に応じて、に応じた [におうじて] [nioujite] /commensurate with, accordance with,

depending on/ "exercise according to your fitness level"

によって [によって] [niyotte-2] /depending on/ "depending on the weather, i

will come"

条件形〜ほど [ば〜ほど] [ba‾hodo] /the more +V(+A), the more .../ "the more you

read, the less you know"

挙げ句 [あげく] [ageku] /in the end, afterall/ "in the end, he ended up in jail"

か〜ないかのうちに [か〜ないかのうちに] [kanaikanouchini] /just as, at that instant/

"just as the doors opened they rushed in"

〜にしても [〜にしても] [nishitemo] /even for/ "even for japanese keigo is difficult"

かかわらず [かかわらず] [nikakawarazu] /Regardless of/ "Regardless of the cost -

I must buy it."

ように [ように] [youni-2] /became/ "I became able to speak japanese"

一度〜たら [いちど〜たら] [ichido-tara] /once/ "once you start, you have to finish"

やっぱり（やはり） [やっぱり（やはり）] [yappari] /As I thought; after all/ "As I

thought, he didn't turn up."

も〜ば〜も [も〜ば〜も] [mo-ba-mo] /not only, but also/ "not only smokes, but also

drinks"

よもや [よもや] [yomoya] /surely not/ "I never expected you would come"

気がする [きがする] [kigasuru] /to feel, realize/ "I have a feeling he's a bad

person"

くらい〜はない [くらい〜はない] [kurai.....wanai] /A is the most B thing. There is not a

more B thing than A is./ "外国で病気になるくらい不安なことはない。"

うちに [うちに] [uchini] /while; during; as/ "みるみるうちに太った。/ He gained

weight just while I was watching him."

致します [いたします] [itashimasu] /do (humble)/ "I will present this to you"

と言うと [というと] [toiuto] /when you talk of, speaking of, when you say/

"talking of the french..."

から [から・ので・] [since/because-group] /because/ "because you were late"

上は [うえは] [ueha] /since when/ "since you have kids, you should stop

smoking"

ところに、ところへ、ところを [ところに、ところへ、ところを] [tokoroni, tokorohe, tokorowo]

/(Just) when/ "Just when I had decided to call her, she phoned me."

〜ものだから [〜ものだから] [monodakara] /so, therefore (explaining something

unavoidable)/ "The dog ate my homework (so) I can't turn it in today."

〜もかまわず [〜もかまわず] [mokamawazu] /dont mind, dont care about/

〜ず [〜ず] [Vn-zu] /Without (doing)/ "Without thinking"

〜ものの [〜ものの] [monono] /although/ "Although I bought a computer, I can't

use it"

に応えて [にこたえて] [nikotaete] /in response to/ "in response to consumer

demand..."

しか [しか] [shika] /but, only/ "thats all I can do"

頂きます [いただきます] [itadakimasu] /to receive/

かけだ・かけの・かける [かけだ・かけの・かける] [kakeda; kakeno; kakeru] /in the

middle of; not yet finished V-ing/ "I fell asleep while in the middle of reading the magazine."

くらいなら〜〜ほうがいい [くらいなら〜〜ほうがいい] [kurainara-hougaii] /Show a strong

feeling of opposition./ "I would much rather..."

としては [としては] [toshiteha] /for/ "For japanese steak, this is pretty tasty."

得る [うる] [uru] /able to do/ "All I can think of"

そのとき [際して・時] [at-the-time-group] /at the time/ "at the time i came

back"

にしろ; にせよ [にしろ; にせよ] [nishiro; niseyo] /Even though; Even if; Whether 〜 or

〜; Whether or not/ "Whether you agree with him or not, that is thought-provoking."

がち [がち] [gachi] /tend to/ "he tends to be late"

〜だけの [〜だけの] [dakeno] /As much as; As fast as; To the extent of./

"Have as much as you want."

なので [なので] [nanode] /since/ "since this is secret"

を問わず [をとわず] [wotowazu] /regardles (of)/ "Regardless of age,....."

をもとにして [をもとにして] [womotonishite] /based on/ "this novel is based on

real life"

をもとに [をもとに] [womotoni] /on basis of/

はもちろん [はもちろん] [hamochiron] /not to mention; not only, but also;/ "He can't

walk, let alone run"

兼ねる [かねる] [kaneru] /hesitate to, cannot, hard to do/ "その点は賛成しかねる。/

I am unable to agree on that point."

ようではないか [ようではないか] [youdehanaika-2] /doesn't it seem ‾ ?/ "seems like it will

rain?"

からいうと [からいうと] [karaiuto] /from the standpoint of/ "from the grammar point

of view, chinese is easy"

から見ると [からみると] [karamiruto] /seen from the point of view/ "seen from a

plane"

通り [とおり] [toori] /in that way/ "Didn't it turn out the way I said?"

ことだ [ことだ] [kotoda] /should/ "you should read it"

かたわら [かたわら] [katawara] /beside/ "the king sat beside the queen"

かわりに [かわりに] [kawarini] /in place of; instead of/ "instead of milk,

sweetener"

〜っけ [〜っけ] [kke] /‾?, like か/ "(What) is it, again?"

〜にしては [〜にしては] [nishitewa] /even though (it is) ; for/ "its a cold day for June"

〜極まる [〜きわまる] [kiwamaru] /Extremely; The height of…; Knows no bounds.

Always has a negative meaning./ "The height of rudeness."

を中心に [をちゅうしんに] [wochuushinni] /center on, in the middle of/

"the center of our discussion"

上に [うえに] [ueni] /moreover; what's more; additionally; not only/ "as well as not

liking him..."

〜に比べて [〜にくらべて] [nikurabete] /compared to/ "compared to past

times..."

さえ [さえ] [sae] /even; only; just/ "I can't even see it"

をめぐって [をめぐって] [womegutte] /regarding/

次第 [しだい] [shidai] /as soon as; depending on/ "As soon as i get to India, I will

call you."

〜ずにはいられない [〜ずにはいられない] [zunihairarenai] /cannot help/ "I can't help

feeling sad"

かのようだ [かのようだ] [kanoyouda] /like, as if (metaphor)/ "he looked as if he knew

nothing about it"

〜ことから [〜ことから] [kotokara] /because/

ものか [ものか] [monoka] /absolutely not.../ "I am not going to give up"

〜に足る [〜にたる] [nitaru] /is plenty; has value/ "Adequately trustworthy

person"

〜べからず [〜べからず] [bekarazu] /must not/ "do not leave garbage here"

〜に沿って [〜にそって] [nisotte] /go along with; in line with/ "to go along with the

kids wishes..."

どころか [どころか] [dokoroka] /far from A, in fact B; not just; even/ "Far from

being nice, she is in fact an ogre."

おく [おく] [oku] /to do it in advance OR to leave it in the current state expecting a later

change/ "I left the window open"

に先立って; に先立つ [にさきだって; にさきだつ] [nisakidatte; nisakidatsu] /before;

preceeding; prior to/ "Preceeding the showing, the performer will come onto the stage and greet

everyone."

につれて [につれて] [nitsurete] /as; in proportion to; with/ "As I ate, my headache

improved."

であろうと [であろうと] [dearou to] /No matter what; Even if; No matter how/ "no matter

what kind of person"

の余り [のあまり] [noamari] /because of too much/ "心配のあまり => because of too

much anxiety"

に依存 [にいぞん] [niizon] /depending on, relying on/ "depending on the maker"

のみ [のみ] [nomi] /only/ "only guys can work there"

[] [kononinaru] //

邪魔する [] [butting in] /hey, do you have a sec?/

で・に・前 [] [at in on] /time and place prepositions/ "ON friday AT 3pm"

関係 [かんけい] [kankei] /relationship, relation (between/to)/ "close relation

between..."

に等しい [にひとしい] [nihitoshii] /equivalent to/ "coins are equivalent to cash"

〜反面 [〜はんめん] [hanmen] /on the other hand/ "the reverse"

それで [それで] [sorede] /and then, after that; Due to that/ "Then, what

happened? /Due to a early frost, the apple harvest will be small this year."

其れが [それが] [sorega] /Despite that/ "We had heavy rains this morning due

to the typhoon. Despite that, it suddenly started getting sunny this afternoon and now it's

perfectly lovely outside."

のことだから [のことだから] [nokotodakara] /as usual for/ "Hiroko as usual, will be

late."

到底 [とうてい] [toutei] /(can't) possibly / very much/ "I can't possibly do that."

比べものにならない [くらべものにならない] [kurabemononinaranai] /there is no point

comparing..../ "When we talk about speed, there is no point comparing a plane and a ship."

きっかけ [きっかけ] [kikkake] /trigger/ "what triggered you to quit?"

まるで [まるで] [marude-2] /completely, entirely/ "I have forgotten about it

completely"

た形ところで [たところで] [tatokorode] /even if you do... it will not result to../ "Nothing

will change even if I asked advice from my friend."

っぽい [っぽい] [ppoi] /-like/ "It is a child-like expression."

ような気がする [ようなきがする] [younakigasuru] /It's like it could be.../ "It's like

we can make it a Curry and Rice Night"

〜からこそ [〜からこそ] [karakoso-2] /especially because (non-intuitive nuance)/

"When it snows, I really miss my mother."

漢字写真 [かんじしゃしん] [kanjipic] /a tool to look up photos based on kanji/

"just enter kanji"

〜こなす [〜こなす] [-konasu] /have the knack to deal with something; completely/

"I dealt with it expertly"

たものだ [たものだ] [tamonoda] /used to/ "I used to play by the river a lot when I

was a kid."

に違いない [にちがいない] [nichigainai] /no mistake...definitely/ "I've not got my

keys, I definitely (lit. make no mistake) I dropped them somewhere"

ようもない [ようもない] [youmonai] /there's no way/ "There's no way I

can answer the question"

わけには　いかない [わけには　いかない] [wakeniha ikanai] /cannot; have no other choice

but/ "Because my boss said so, I have no other choice but to go on this business trip."

わけがない、わけはない [わけがない、わけはない] [wakeganai, wakehanai] /There is

no reason (as to) why 〜; It is impossible (for) 〜; cannot/ "There's no reason why you

can't do such an easy job."

〜もの [〜もの] [mono] /because, should, like to/ "i cant go because it is raining"

せいにする [せいにする] [seinisuru] /Put blame on/ "-"

〜からして [〜からして] [rashite] /starting from/ "villages are different even

starting from weather"

Expressions of non-feasibility [〜ざるを得ない、やむを得ない、〜かねる] [feasibility] /Formal

expressions of non-feasibility　（〜ざるを得ない、やむを得ない、〜かねる）/ "-"

Advanced proximity of actions [が早いか、や否や、そばから] [close_actions]

/Advanced proximity of actions （が早いか、や否や、そばから）/ "-"

せいで [せいで] [seide] /because of, due to (indicates only negative meaning)/

"Due to lack of sleep, I have a headache today"

に関して [にかんして] [nikanshite] /concerning; with regard to; about; on/ "with

regard to taxes, most people think they are too high"

〜でたまらない・〜てたまらない [〜でたまらない・〜てたまらない]

[detamaranai/tetamaranai] /so...that one can`t stand it; unbearably;extremely/ "adj (i)

stem kute tamaranai; adj (na) stem de tamaranai"

なくちゃ [なくちゃ] [nakucha] /Must;Have to/ "I have to buy a shirt"

たまらない [たまらない] [tamaranai] /Unbearably/ "It's unbearably hot today"

〜をぬきにして・はぬきにして [〜をぬきにして・はぬきにして] [〜wo nuki ni shite・〜 wa nuki

ni shite] /without, leaving out/ "Without a strong will, it's not possible for this work

to be finished."

よりもさらに [よりもさらに] [yorimosarani] /more than that; more than/

"The road to the summit must be steeper than it has been so far."

〜やら〜やら [〜やら〜やら] [yara-yara] /particle denoting uncertainty or a listing used

for both words and clauses/ "such as...and (?)"

というものではない; というものでもない [というものではない; というものでもない]

[toiumonodehanai; toiumonodemonai] /Doesn't mean that; It's not (true) that; Not

necessarily/ "It's not true that you can solve anything with money."

とか [とか] [toka] /It seems that; I heard that/ "It seems that he's really wealthy. I

envy him."

など; なんか; なんて [など; なんか; なんて] [nado; nanka; nante] /and so on; and

the like; for example; things like 〜/ "A lot of students from China, Korea, and so on come to this

university."

といったら [といったら] [toittara] /Express admiration/horror; eg, how +adjective,

so+adjective/ "My son's room is so dirty, it's dreadful."

様を見ろ、いい気味だよ、ほら！ [さまをみろ、いいきみだよ、ほら] [sama wo miro, iikimi da

yo, hora!] /I told you so, Serves you right, See!/ "Person A: Something bad happened to

me B: I told you so! / See!/ I warned you that might happen/Its your own fault"

進行形の動詞＋中で [しんこうけいのどうし＋なかで] [Gerrund form of Verb + nakade]

/Out of (Clause A) there is B, C, D etc etc/ "Four people out of those dancing where wearing the

wrong sort of outfit for this club."

進行形の動詞＋中で [しんこうけいのどうし＋なかで] [Gerrund form of Verb + naka de]

/Out of (Clause A) there is B, C, D etc etc/ "Four people out of those dancing where wearing the

wrong sort of outfit for this club."

と同時に [とどうじに] [todoujini] /and at the same time/ "He came in, and at the

same time the bell rang. / 彼が入ってきた、それと同時にベルが鳴った。"

ほどだ; ほどの [ほどだ; ほどの] [hododa; hodono] /almost/nearly; to the point of; like

that; such as that/ "The doors almost don't close."

ことがある [ことがある] [koto ga aru] /There are times when/ "there are times when

Father cooks dinner"

にしろ、にせよ [にしろ、にせよ] [nishiro] /It doesn’t matter which; It doesn’t matter

whether./ "日本にしろ、中国にしろ、アジアの国へ行くのは面白い。"

積もりだった [つもりだった] [tsumoridatta] /I had the intention to do (but I didn't)/

"僕は彼女と結婚するつもりだった。/ I had the intention to marry her (but I didn't)."

た形 積もりで [たつもりで] [tatsumoride] /instead of (hypothetical action)/ "運動したつもり

で、歩いて行った。/ Instead of doing exercice, I went walking."

ないばかりか [ないばかりか] [naibakarika] /Not only/ "He is not only talkative in the

class moreover he disburbed other students"

つれて、につれ [つれて、につれ] [Turete,Niture] /more....more/ "Mountains are

more higher temperature is more low."

たとたん [たとたん] [tatotan] /See [とたん（に）]/

によれば [によれば] [niyoreba] /According to/ "According to the weather

forecast, it appears tomorrow will be sunny."

かけると [かけると] [when it comes??] /when it comes? (/ "母は料理にかけるとだれ

にも負けない自信がある"

あまり〜（動詞）〜ない [あまり〜　〜ない] [Not really] /Not really/ "あまりおいしくな

い　Not that tasty."

余り [あまり] [amari] /not much, , too much/ "あまり面白くない => not very

interesting / あまり遅い => too late"

掛ける　２ [かける　２] [kakeru 2] /AT〜; TO〜/ "話しかける＝speak to/address

（someone）;　笑いかける＝smile at/to"

掛かる [かかる] [kakaru] /BEGIN TO〜；BE ABOUT TO DO〜；ALMOST　DO〜/ "死

にかかった= almost died"

掛かる　２ [かかる　２] [kakaru 2] /AT〜; ON〜/ "犬が子供に飛び掛った。A dog jumped

at the child"

ぼんやり [ぼんやり] [bonyari] /absent-minded(ly); blank(ly)/ "idle one's time

away"

〜をめぐって [〜をめぐって] [wo megutte] /surrounding, concerning, about [/ focusing on

/ in connection with]/ "There is much debate "concerning...etc" ......X"

にかけては [にかけては] [nikaketewa] /regarding, about, concerning/ "I don't know

much concerning the laws."

に先立って [にさきだって] [Nisakidatte] /before; preceeding; prior to/ "There will

be an opening ceremony before the competition"

てやがる [てやがる] [teyagaru] /Emphasize a disliking of the action taken./

"You have some nerve coming here"

問わず [とわず] [towazu] /regardless of/ ""regardless of whatever it

is""

兎も角 [ともかく] [tomokaku] /anyhow; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in

any case/ "anyhow,I don't care about the result, ..."

一人でも多く [ひとりでもおおく] [hitoridemoooku] /More than one person/ "1円でも多

くのお金をためたいです。夏休みに多くの人が海へ行きます"

限りだ [かぎりだ] [kagirida] /extremely/ "I am extremely mortified to have failed my

exam"

〜わけだ [〜わけだ] [wakeda] /of course, expected result/ "Of course it's

cold. ; As you would expect..."

‾出す [〜だす] [‾dasu] /begin/start.../ "Rain started to fall"

込む [こむ] [komu] /...into/ "to jump into pool"

とも限らない [ともかぎらない] [tomokagiranai] /there's a chance that, it could be that/

"There's a chance I might be transfered overseas in the future, so I'm going to learn

English."

かけだ [かけだ] [kakeda] /in the middle of something/ "these files are yet to be

completed."

にわたる,にわたって [にわたる, にわたって] [ni wataru, ni watatte]

/for,over,extending,stretching,ranging,covering/ "the Olympic games were held for sixteen

days . オリンピックが 16日間にわたって開かれた."

うちに [うちに] [uchini 3] /An unforseen change that occured during a described time

frame./ "一週間の外国出張のうちに、近くの公園の桜が全部散ってしまった。Ｗ hile overseas on

a one-week business trip, all of the cherry blossoms in the nearby park had fallen."