Legacy - August 2015

…………………..

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Cover: Quinault River (Olympic Peninsula,

Washington State) – August levels in June

(Note engineered log jams).

Photo credit: Jim Wilcox

Legacy – July 2015

Wild Game Fish Conservation International

2015 – Removing Ocean-based Salmon Feedlots

Wild Game Fish Conservation International (WGFCI): Established to

advocate for wild game fish, their fragile ecosystems and the cultures and economies that rely on their robust populations.

LEGACY – Journal of Wild Game Fish Conservation: Complimentary, no-

nonsense, monthly publication by conservationists for conservationists

LEGACY, the WGFCI Facebook page and the WGFCI website are utilized

to better equip fellow conservationists, elected officials, business owners and others regarding wild game fish, their contributions to society and the varied and complex issues impacting them and those who rely on their sustainability.

LEGACY exposes impacts to wild game fish while featuring wild game fish

conservation projects, fishing adventures, wildlife art, accommodations, equipment and more. Your photos and articles featuring wild game fish from around planet earth are

welcome for possible inclusion in an upcoming issue of LEGACY. E-mail them with

captions and credits to Jim ([email protected]).

Successful wild game fish conservation efforts around planet earth will ensure existence of these precious natural resources and their ecosystems for future

generations to enjoy and appreciate. This is our LEGACY.

LLeeggaaccyy



Founders

Bruce Treichler Jim Wilcox

http://www.facebook.com/pages/Wild-Game-Fish-Conservation-International/123459167750176

http://wgfci.blogspot.com/

mailto:%[email protected]

http://wgfci.blogspot.com/






Forward

The August 2015 issue of “Legacy” marks forty six consecutive months of our

complimentary eMagazine; the no-holds-barred, watchdog journal published by Wild Game Fish Conservation International. As recreational fishermen, conservation of wild game fish is our passion. Publishing “Legacy” each month is our self imposed responsibility to help ensure the future of

these precious gifts that have been entrusted for safekeeping to our generation. We continue to urge our readers to speak out passionately and to demonstrate

peacefully for wild game fish and their ecosystems; ecosystems that we are but one small component of.

.

Doing so will increase the VICTORIES for wild game fish as reported in this

issue of “Legacy”

Please read then share “Legacy” with others who care deeply about the future of wild game fish and all that rely on them.

Sincerely,

Bruce Treichler James E. Wilcox Wild Game Fish Conservation International



2015 – Removing Ocean-based Salmon Feedlots Conservationist Extraordinaire – Walking the Talk

Fawn Sharp




Opinion-Editorial:

It's the right time for river protection

July 5, 2015

Big-time mining could change the face of some of our most iconic Oregon rivers. Large mines have

been proposed for years in the Rough and Ready Creek area and now a foreign mining corporation

proposes test drilling for nickel in the beautiful headwater area of Baldface Creek in the North Fork

Smith River, and in the North Fork Pistol River and Hunter Creek watersheds in the Rogue River-

Siskiyou National Forest.

Test drilling is the first step toward production that would include new roads, surface mines and slag

heaps. The North Fork Smith is a gem: a big salmon and steelhead producer and the water supply

for a number of northern California communities. A big nickel mine would be an unwelcomed game

changer for everyone downstream.

Like any valuable asset, our rivers and streams must be protected.

Rivers are the lifeblood of our region. They provide our drinking water, abundant salmon and

steelhead, whitewater rafting and a much-needed place for the family to gather for a cool hike or

swim. Their value is never more evident than during this year’s record hot, dry summer.

But the value of rivers goes well beyond these common uses and extends into another dimension.

Time seems suspended along rivers. Our frantic world slows to the pace of water moving along the

shoreline. Sitting in the shade of a large pine or cottonwood along a stream is like stepping back in

time. Childlike, we toss pebbles into the water and once again find joy in simple things.

Curry County knows the long-term value of these rivers and, much to their credit, the county

commissioners have formally objected to the mine plans.

Oregon’s political leaders in Washington, D.C., know the value of these rivers too. Sen. Ron Wyden

has introduced S. 346, the Southwest Oregon Watershed and Salmon Protection Act of 2015. Rep.

Peter DeFazio has a companion bill, H.R. 682, introduced in the House. Both bills would provide

long-term protection from large mining projects through withdrawal of lands for new mining

operations. Neither bill would affect valid existing rights.

The bills also provide long-overdue designations for regional rivers under the Wild and Scenic Rivers

Act. Sections of the Chetco River would be designated as wild, scenic or recreational under the act,

providing protection from new mining claims and mineral leasing. These bills would ensure that the

Chetco runs free and clear for all Oregonians to enjoy.

http://www.mailtribune.com/article/20150705/OPINION/150709833/101051/OPINION#ReaderReaction




These bills deserve our support and their authors deserve our thanks. But, getting these measures

through Congress and signed by the president will take time.

Federal agencies have stepped in to fill the gap. On June 29, the Bureau of Land Management

published a notice of withdrawal of BLM and national forest lands along these rivers from mineral

entry for up to five years. There is a 90-day window to show our support for this measure to make

sure we have protection while the legislation works through the maze on Capitol Hill.

Comments are needed in support of the withdrawal and can be sent to the BLM state office in

Portland. It would be a shame to lose the long-term value of these rivers for short-term economic

greed.

Water is a precious resource in the West. As a fisheries biologist and former federal land manager, I

can cite volumes on the importance of local rivers to our livelihood. But you don’t need a graduate

degree to realize the value of clean, free-flowing water. We all depend on these resources.

When was the last time you saw local elected officials, our

congressional representatives and federal agencies all come together

for a common purpose? It takes something of great value, like our

rivers, to bring us all together. Now, it’s our turn. Let us speak for our

rivers.




Fishing Photos and Funnies

Another Dandy Chinook Salmon on Charterboat “Slammer” (Westport, Wa.)

These prized salmon continue to be available for recreational fishing due to conservation-based,

international fisheries management practices.









2015 – Removing Ocean-based Salmon Feedlots Seafood consumption: Public health risks and benefits

Warning: Eating Farmed Salmon May Affect Your Baby




“The Great Fish Swap”: How America is Downgrading Its Seafood Supply

July 17, 2015

One-third of the seafood Americans catch is sold abroad, but most of the seafood we eat is

imported and often of lower quality. Author Paul Greenberg explains why. Originally broadcast

July 1, 2014.

http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=423490558&m=423893906




Addicted to antibiotics, Chile's salmon flops at Costco, grocers

July 23, 2015

SANTIAGO - Chile's salmon farmers are using record levels of antibiotics to treat a virulent and

pervasive bacteria, driving away some U.S. retailers including Costco Wholesale Corp, which is

turning to antibiotic-free Norwegian salmon.

The coastal waters of Chile, the world's second-largest producer of salmon, are awash with a

bacteria known as SRS, or Piscirickettsiosis. The bacteria causes lesions and hemorrhaging in

infected fish, and swells their kidneys and spleens, eventually killing them.

Unable to develop an effective vaccine, Chilean farmers have been

forced to increase antibiotic use. In 2014, the industry produced

around 895,000 tonnes of fish and used 563,200 kilograms (1.2 million

pounds) of antibiotics, according to government and industry data.

Antibiotic use had risen 25 percent from 2013.

In contrast, Norway, the world's largest salmon producer, produced around 1.3 million tonnes of fish

and used 972 kilos of antibiotics in 2013. (Figures for last year were not immediately available)

Chilean officials say their salmon is safe and the antibiotics have been approved by U.S. food and

drug regulators.

Still, amid growing concerns in the U.S. food industry that heavy use of antibiotics in animals can

spawn drug-resistant superbugs and endanger human health, Costco told Reuters in April that it

would reduce imports of Chilean salmon.

"The whole industry is starting to shift," said Jeff Lyons, who oversees fresh foods at Costco, the No.

3 U.S. retailer.

"If I was to ask you your biggest concern on produce, you might say pesticides. When we ask people

in protein, generally it's going to be hormones or antibiotics."

Costco used to buy 90 percent of the 600,000 pounds of salmon fillet it needs per week from Chile,

accounting for about 8.5 percent of Chilean salmon exports to the United States. Costco said it

intends to buy 60 percent of its salmon from Norway, cutting Chilean imports to 40 percent.

A former executive at a Chilean salmon producer said Costco's move could hurt the local industry's

reputation and spur other retailers to follow suit.

In recent years, U.S. grocery chains Whole Foods Market Inc and Trader Joe's have gradually

phased out Chilean farm salmon in favor of antibiotic-free fish caught in the wild.

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/reuters/article-3172127/Addicted-antibiotics-Chiles-salmon-flops-Costco-grocers.html




"This is the beginning of a change in seafood," said Tobias Aguirre, the executive director of

FishWise, a seafood consultancy that works with retailers such as Safeway and Target Corp. Target

has also eliminated farmed salmon from its shelves.

"Other retailers will look at their lead and try to better understand why Costco made this move, and I

think they will follow," Aguirre said.

CHILE VS NORWAY

To be sure, not every salmon buyer is that worried about antibiotics. Chile exported $4.4 billion worth

of salmon in 2014, up 24 percent from the previous year, according to industry group SalmonChile.

For some buyers, costs are paramount. Brazil's biggest retailer, GPA SA, which buys some 3.6

million kilograms of Chilean salmon per year, said demand for antibiotic-free fish in the South

American giant is small, and the high cost of importing from Norway is a deterrent.

"The greatest demand in the Brazilian market is for fresh salmon, purchased, for now, from Chile

mainly due to logistics," GPA said in an email.

Chilean salmon producers said there is no reason for consumers to worry. Farmers do not administer

antibiotics for months before harvesting the fish, so any traces of the drugs that remain in the salmon

when it reaches consumers are within tolerance levels, they said.

"The final product consumers eat has no antibiotics," said Ricardo Garcia, chief executive of salmon

producer Camanchaca , which reported nearly $500 million in sales last year.

"This is only something given to sick fish so they don't die. It's not something preventive," he said.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration said in a statement that inspections of Chilean salmon have

not found unapproved drug residues this fiscal year, which began on Oct. 1, and "any article of food

that appears to be adulterated or misbranded at importation is refused admission" into the country.

GOVERNMENT RECOGNIZES PROBLEM

In recent months, the U.S. food industry has taken an increasingly tough stance against antibiotics

due to concerns that overuse may diminish their effectiveness in fighting disease in humans. Wal-

Mart Stores Inc, for instance, is pressing meat, seafood, dairy and egg suppliers to reduce their use

of antibiotics.

Speaking in general terms, the FDA said it has "concerns about the

improper use of medically important antibiotics in food products

derived from animals, as this practice is one factor that can contribute

to antimicrobial resistance in humans."

Antibiotic-resistant strains of the SRS bacteria have emerged in Chile's salmon farms, according to a

November 2014 study on the government's National Fisheries website.

"The bacteria will respond for a few years to the antibiotics treatment but afterward will become

stronger and resistant," said Alex Munoz, vice president for South America at the Oceana

environmental group in Chile.




Salmon producers in Chile say they are aware they should reduce their

dependence on antibiotics, but they do not expect a significant

change since efforts to find an SRS vaccine have so far been

unsuccessful.

In Norway, intensive research has produced vaccines against most bacterial infections found in

salmon farms.

"We're faced with a reality in Chile, unlike Norway, where we haven't developed vaccines for the

Chilean market, leading us to often correct things with the use of antibiotics," said Gerardo Balbontin,

chief executive of Blumar, which exports a tenth of its salmon production to Costco.

The government acknowledges it has a problem on its hands.

"The use of antibiotics is an issue for us," said Eugenio Zamorano, head of Chile's aquaculture

department. "All companies (in Chile) use antibiotics to a lesser or greater extent."

As well as working towards finding a vaccine, Zamorano said "genetic improvements" in salmon

could be part of the solution. (Additional reporting by Terje Solsvik in Oslo, Yuka Obayashi in Tokyo

and Brad Haynes in Sao Paulo; Editing by Rosalba O'Brien and Tiffany Wu)




Petition: TELL COSTCO TO REJECT GENETICALLY ENGINEERED SALMON

Kroger and Safeway--the #1 and #2 U.S. conventional grocery chains--have joined other major

retailers like Target, Meijer, Aldi, Giant Eagle, Whole Foods and many others in protecting

consumers, wild salmon, and the environment by rejecting GE salmon, but Costco--one of the largest

retailers of salmon and seafood in the U.S.--is one of the last large retailers that hasn’t made a

commitment not to sell GE salmon.

http://salsa3.salsalabs.com/o/1881/p/dia/action3/common/public/?action_KEY=13310&sp_ref=128677784.65.4788.f.0.2




Sign the petition urging Costco to join its competitors and commit to keeping GE salmon off its

shelves:

Dear Mr. Jelinek, CEO, Costco:

As you may be aware, the US Food and Drug Administration is considering approval of

the genetically engineered (GE) salmon, which would be the first GE animal ever

approved for human consumption. Polls show the overwhelming majority of consumers

don’t want to eat GE salmon. Nearly 2 million people -- including scientists, fishermen,

business owners, and consumers -- have written to the FDA in opposition to the

approval of GE salmon.

More than 60 grocery retailers across the U.S., including Whole Foods, Trader Joe’s,

Aldi, Target, Kroger and Safeway, have made commitments not to sell GE salmon or

other GE seafood if it comes to market. As one of the largest retailers of salmon and

seafood in the U.S., Costco should have a strong policy on this important issue. I urge

Costco to join these other leaders in making a commitment to not sell GE salmon.

The FDA is reviewing GE salmon for commercial production, and if the agency approves this risky

fish it has indicated it would not likely require GE salmon to be labeled. That’s why CFS joined with

Friends of the Earth, Food & Water Watch, Consumers Union and many others to urge

supermarkets, seafood companies and restaurants to reject these fish if they come to market. We’ve

had several victories so far, and with your help we can urge even more companies to avoid GE

salmon.

Join us in telling the CEO of Costco to keep GE salmon off our plates!

*By signing the petition, you will be automatically signed up to receive free updates from Center for

Food Safety. We respect your privacy and will not share, sell, rent or trade your information. You can

unsubscribe at the bottom of any email you receive from us.




Enjoy seasonal wild salmon dinners at these fine restaurants:




Community Activism, Education and Outreach

Stopping Farmed Salmon at the Cash Register

http://www.farmed-salmon-boycott.com/




Farmed Salmon Boycott – COSTCO - Abbottsford, BC – July 29

Eddie Gardner:

The last time we held a rally at Costco, they called the police. Only Costco does this, all the other big box stores cooperate with us as we are peaceful and respectful of people and property. The police did come and told us we could not conduct rallies in front of Costco as it was private property and they don't allow protests or rallies of any kind. We were told we are allowed to hold our rally on the property next door. So folks, we will be back in full force with bigger signs, bigger banners and louder voices. We will continue to sing the sacred songs to capture the attention of customers! We will never give up!

Claudette Bethune, clinical scientist, has this message for the people:

"fish is safe", we lose understanding the emerging knowledge on the risk from contaminants that accumulate preferentially in farmed salmon. Reading on the consequence of high PCB exposure, which accumulates very high in farmed salmon from feeds compared to farmed land animals and wild seafood:

"The epidemiological data showed an association between diabetes mellitus prevalence and elevated concentrations of PCB 153. Additionally, prenatal PCB exposure studies were associated with a smaller thymic index at birth and could adversely affect immune responses to childhood vaccinations and resistance to respiratory infections. PCB exposure was also reported to adversely affect enamel development in children in a dose-dependent manner. Because PCBs and their metabolites are potential health hazards, understanding the risk factors associated with individual PCBs, PCB mixtures, and PCB metabolites is important. PCB exposures of vulnerable populations (pregnant women, fetuses, infants, and children) are of particular concern because of heightened sensitivity during this period of brain development. © The Author(s) 2015.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26056131 Polychlorinated biphenyls: New evidence from the last decade. - PubMed - NCB1

So folks, it is more important than ever before that we educate the public about the health risks of eating farmed salmon loaded with dioxins that are harmful to human health, especially for pregnant women children.

Let's take it to them people! See you on Wednesday, July 29, 2015! Bring your love for wild salmon! Your voice counts!

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26056131




Boycott Superstore and others selling ocean-based feedlot salmon




Ta'kaiya Blaney at Wild Salmon Caravan, 2015

Submitted by Chris Gadsden

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQTTDdO7ic&feature=youtu.be

https://www.youtube.com/user/Lettermail

https://www.youtube.com/user/Lettermail







Activists Stage “Die In” In Protest Of Oil Trains At Safeco Field

July 11, 2015

As the gates to Safeco Field opened for the Mariners vs. Angels game, thousands of fans streamed

past a rally held near Century Link Field in protest of oil trains that pass the stadiums on a daily

basis. Seattle City Council Member Kshama Sawant spoke at the rally and joined the demonstration

as they marched from Century Link to Safeco in a silent procession holding photos and names of the

47 people who died in Lac-Mégantic Quebec during an oil train explosion in 2013.

Safeco Field and Century Link Field both sit within 200 yards of a rail line that sees several trains

pulling the same Baaken Crude that exploded in Lac-Mégantic. The same rails carry Baaken laden

trains through a tunnel that sit directly beneath downtown Seattle, including the King County

Administration Building, Benaroya Hall, and Pike Place Market, not to mention several hotels and

businesses and the thousands of people downtown at any given moment.

http://thedignityvirus.com/2015/07/11/activists-stage-die-in-in-protest-of-oil-trains-at-safeco-field/




Wild Salmon Warrior Radio with Jay Peachy – Fridays at Noon

“Streaming like wild Pacific salmon”

http://wildsalmonwarriorradio.org/

Wild Salmon Warrior Radio is happy to announce that we are moving to a new Friday one-

hour timeslot. The community radio program will now broadcast from Noon-1pm every

Friday from the home station at Simon Fraser University on CJSF 90.1 FM.

“Our new lunch time timeslot will allow us to continue the conversation around the

protection of Wild Salmon and engage in outreach in the community for live remote

broadcasts” states J Peachy, the show creator and host.

Wild Salmon Warrior Radio is a weekly community based radio program that focuses on

topics related to Wild Salmon conservation, watershed habitat and ocean protection.

Salmon is a keystone species on the Pacific West Coast and to coastal regions around the

world.

The one hour program intends to reach out and engage to all communities who depend on

Wild Salmon as part of their livelihoods. The show is syndicated on community based

radio networks CJMP Powell River 90.1 FM and Nuxalk Radio 91.1 Bella Coola.

http://www.cjsf.ca/pguide/index.php

http://wildsalmonwarriorradio.org/




Climate Change

Dead sockeyes collected at Bonneville Dam in mid-July, 2015.

Sockeye salmon suffer infections in warm Columbia River system

July 17, 2015

http://www.spokesman.com/blogs/outdoors/2015/jul/17/sockeye-salmon-suffer-infections-warm-columbia-river-system/




FISHING -- "Catastrophic" is a word that's being used as scientists begin to unravel the mystery of

why at least 200,000 sockeye that moved over Bonneville Dam have not made it to McNary Dam fish

ladders in this summer's huge salmon runs.

The sockeye woes may explain why dozens if not hundreds of 5- to 12-

foot-long decades old sturgeon stuffed with sockeye are going belly

up in the Columbia between the Tri-Cities and The Dalles.

The Columbia system is plagued with high temperatures and low flows. This is bad news for native

fish that need cool water.

Fish managers have enacted fishing restrictions in some areas, but otherwise there isn't a lot they

can do about Mother Nature.

The photos above are of sockeye sampled last week at Bonneville Dam by state and federal

scientists. The first dead sockeyes were noticed at the dam around June 8. This week, the fish

scientists were finding dead fish, both shad and sockeye, in the Bonneville Dam fish ladder.

At the Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery, sockeye in rough shape were hanging out near

the facility.

But the words scientists use to describe what's going on are freakier than the photos.

A Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife biologist said this in an email to colleagues:

We have very bad news from the lower Columbia. These pictures are just a little piece of the story.

The run is stalled, and the carnage is ugly, with conversion rates from Bonneville to Ice Harbor (for

Snake River fish) 2-5%. Temperatures in the John Day reservoir approach 24 degrees, so nothing’s

getting through without suffering. Looks like we’re going to lose the last 1/3rd to ½ of the run.

Fish that have passed the Snake are still moving upstream, but can’t get to into the tributaries. The

fish that have entered the Wenatchee aren’t passing Tumwater Dam to continue on to Lake

Wenatchee, and there’s no cold-water refugia below the dam unless they retreat downstream about

15 km to Peshastin Creek, which is a great steelhead stream but has no holding water for thousands

of sockeye. Besides that, the flows are about half normal discharge, the snow’s all melted out of the

cold-water source for Peshastin Creek, and they’re diverting water for irrigation, so it’s bound to heat

up. For fish that passed Tumwater early, many have piled into a small tributary called Chiwaukum

Creek, but it’s about the same size as Peshastin.

The Okanagan fish can’t leave Wells with the US Okanogan at 28 degrees C, and the reservoir is

nearly 18 degrees C already. The rate of diseased and injured fish observed in the count windows at

Wells seems to increase every day—lots of lamprey scars and descale, and we’re starting to see

fungus and bacterial lesions. I don’t think the estuary provides hospitable holding, with lamprey and

pinnipeds; so, I’m not sure we can count on a fall resurgence of migrants.

A British Columbia scientist commenting on this email thread among scientists wrote this:

Catastrophic losses of this year’s exceptional returns of adult Sockeye Salmon have begun to occur

in the Columbia River given the unprecedented severity of super-optimal temperatures and low flows

encountered along their freshwater migration corridor....

http://www.spokesman.com/blogs/outdoors/2015/jul/16/sturgeon-deaths-prompt-columbia-fishing-closure/

http://www.spokesman.com/blogs/outdoors/2015/jul/16/sturgeon-deaths-prompt-columbia-fishing-closure/

http://www.spokesman.com/blogs/outdoors/2015/jul/16/wa-drought-prompts-fishing-closures-restrictions-37-rivers-including-kettle-spokane/




It’s probably fair to surmise that we may lose the majority of the nearly

350,000 wild adult Sockeye destined for Canadian portions of the

Okanagan if Wells Pool, where they are currently holding, warms to

temperatures much greater than 18 degrees Celsius for an appreciable

length of time. Regrettably, this is highly likely to occur as

temperatures are currently at 17.5 degrees and increasing while the

Okanagan River is well in excess of the upper thermal lethal

temperature of 25 degrees.

As noted in an earlier bulletin, we are also maintaining a Somass Salmon and Climate Watch given

poor environmental conditions for either migration in the Somass River or for holding at the head end

of Alberni Inlet. Although some fish managed to access their lakes of origin at Great Central and

Sproat in the past few days, conditions are still marginal for passage and stored water released from

behind the Great Central Lake Dam to supplement flows to ease passage under high temperature

conditions has now been exhausted just as we head into what is on average the driest weeks of the

summer-fall interval.

It may be advisable for DFO communications to identify “talking points” and “spokespersons” very

soon to get out in front of events that will likely generate intense media interest. I’ve worked on BC

salmon populations for more than 40 years and cannot remember anything comparable to what were

currently seeing unfold on the coast !

A fresh sockeye collected at Bonneville Dam in mid-July, 2015, shows body lesions.



2015 – Removing Ocean-based Salmon Feedlots Salmon and trout feedlots




Stephanie Peacock’s epic rap: “The Fresh Fish of the Broughton”

Communicates Impacts of Lice from Salmon Feedlots on Wild Salmon

Alexandra Morton:

“Brilliant young scientist finds new way to communicate the problem

with sea lice from salmon farms!”

https://vimeo.com/134131536

https://vimeo.com/134131536




Fishermen Offered $20,000 Compensation for Proposed Salmon Farms

Aquaculture and shrimp-by-trawl fishery can coexist, says Grieg Seafood spokesman.

July 10, 2015

http://thetyee.ca/News/2015/07/10/Compensation-From-Fish-Farms/




A salmon farming company is offering 10 British Columbian fishermen $20,000 each in compensation

for its plan to expand operations onto wild shrimp harvesting grounds located off the B.C. mainland, a

short sail south from the Vancouver Island fishing town of Port Hardy.

In a June 16 letter from Grieg Seafood BC to the Shrimp by Trawl Caucus, the company offers to pay

the cash in "compensation," in addition to a $60,000 lump sum to the caucus, an organization made

up of fishermen, processors and buyers.

The offer came shortly after a June private meeting between the shrimp fishermen and Grieg

concerning the two salmon farms, which are proposed within two square kilometres of an existing

Grieg farm in the Clio Channel in the Broughton Archipelago. Grieg is a subsidiary of a Norwegian

aquaculture company.

The fishermen are opposed to the farms because the two proposed sites occupy some of the best

harvesting grounds in the region for wild side-stripe and pink shrimp, which are caught by bottom

trawling along a soft-bottomed, underwater prairie unique to the upper reaches of the Channel. It's

also an important harvesting area for spot prawns, an increasingly lucrative "foodie" commodity in

B.C. and beyond that are sustainably caught in traps.

Lorne Clayton, chair of the caucus, says none of the 10 fishermen to his knowledge has accepted the

written offer. He has personally rejected the $60,000, which Grieg intended to help fund new LED

lighting technology to minimize the unintended landing of by-catch by the trawlers. The fishermen

fear that the two new farms in the area, including underwater infrastructure, will limit access to the

rich wild shrimp harvesting grounds and ultimately slash their bottom line.

"The overall issue at stake here is taking the income away from

individual fishermen and their families, and replacing that with an

opportunity for a multinational company," Clayton says.

Stewart Hawthorn, Grieg Seafood's BC managing director, says the choice of new sites was dictated

in part by the existence of two pre-existing, unused shellfish farm licenses that the company holds

and is now applying to convert into salmon farms. The acceptance of the locations by a local first

nation was another factor.

When it comes to approving the two new farms, the final analysis should boil down to economics,

Hawthorn says. The entire wholesale value of the shrimp-by-trawl fishery, including outside the

channel, is about $1 million a year, while Grieg's annual landings from their single farm at Bennett

Point is around $10 million. "Clearly our economic benefits are much greater," he says.

Approval process ongoing

The company's offer comes in the midst of a regulatory process: for the two farms to proceed,

Fisheries and Oceans Canada must sign off on the aquaculture licenses, Transport Canada must

weigh the marine traffic implications, and the provincial government must approve the tenures as it

owns the seabed. Fisheries and Oceans Canada refused to comment about Grieg/fisherman

discussions that are "internal to those parties," and the province did not respond to calls.

Karen Wristen, executive director at Living Oceans Society, says the approval process for the two

farms has been confusing from the beginning.

http://thetyee.ca/Documents/FishFarmLetter.pdf

http://www.watershed-watch.org/2015/01/two-new-salmon-farm-proposals-stand-up-and-voice-your-concerns/




Grieg is attempting to convert unused shell farm licenses into salmon farms that would hold half a

million fish at each site, contained in large net cages anchored to the seabed. (For a visual, that's the

same collective biomass as nearly 1,000 adult elephants on land).

Clio Channel is home to at least three commercially-targeted wild shrimp species, inter-tidal clam

beds, herring, and wild pink, chum and coho salmon. Living Oceans Society claims that Grieg

provided no inventory of local streams that may be salmon-bearing with its initial application

submissions for the new farms.

That's important, Wristen says, because stocking a million densely-

packed farmed Atlantic salmon into this small area has the potential

to draw together large concentrations of sea lice that in turn can

infect and kill young wild salmon present outside the farms. "We know

this channel is certainly used by wild salmon, because it's a popular

sport fishing area," she says.

Watershed Watch Salmon Society's Stan Proboszcz, a biologist who has done field work in Clio

Channel, says additional impacts could come from emamectin benzoate, the active ingredient in a

product called Slice -- a neurotoxin discharged into marine waters to control sea lice parasites on

farmed fish. Sea lice and shrimp are crustaceans alike, so the impacts of introducing Slice in close

proximity to commercially-harvested wild shrimp and prawns are not yet clear.

Hawthorn confirmed that Slice will be used at

the two new farms if necessary, but says there

is no evidence that sea lice from such

operations pose any risk to wild salmon. He

says his company has provided detailed

information on wild salmon present in the area

(including natal streams), but confirmation of

this was not possible because the Ministry of

Forests, Lands and Natural Resource

Operations webpage that houses the Grieg

applications was down as of this writing.

The timing of a regulatory decision for the two farms is uncertain, but it seems many more are on the

way. Last year the BC Salmon Farmers Association announced plans to expand its operations off the

B.C. coast by over 40 per cent by 2020. There are currently at least six new salmon farm

tenure/license applications and five additional applications for tenure/license expansions in various

stages of the regulatory approval process. In the last week, two more applications have appeared for

an area north of Klemtu.

100% Bovine

Excrement

http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/346389.pdf

http://www.intrafish.com/news/article1388348.ece




Map of the status of BC salmon farms by Living Oceans Society.

Murray Tanner, who has been fishing salmon since he was eight and shrimp for nearly 30 years (he's

65 this year), says Grieg's existing Bennett Point fish farm has already had an impact on his shrimp

fishery. Anchoring lines from the farm radiate out in every direction for "a few hundred yards" in the

narrow channel, he says, making the task of accessing the shrimp with trawl gear, which scours the

ocean bottom, impossible in the area.

Tanner says that three farms in Clio Channel will not only take away valuable shrimp ground for the

fishermen, but will impact the bottom line of their Nanaimo-based processor, which employs staff to

peel and process their shrimp. He says he turned down the compensation.

Grieg has worked hard to accommodate the fishermen, says Hawthorn, including shortening the

anchors which interfere with their trawling gear, providing info about where the anchors are, and

offering cash compensation. "We believe strongly that both our aquaculture fishery and the shrimp-

by-trawl fishery can coexist side by side," he says.




Energy Generation: Oil, Coal, Geothermal, Hydropower, Natural Gas, Solar, Tidal, Wind




A long train of oil cars, marked with the 1267 stickers indicating highly flammable oil, passes

southward, parallel with Cedar Avenue at 1st street in Marysville earlier this month

Crude oil moratorium in effect in Aberdeen

http://thedailyworld.com/news/local/crude-oil-moratorium-effect-aberdeen




A moratorium on the storage of crude oil is in effect in Aberdeen after the City Council, in its

Wednesday night meeting, passed the measure on a 9-2 vote.

The moratorium was in its second of three readings when Ward 3 Councilman Tim Alstrom moved to

consider the second reading the final reading and pass it immediately. The two “no” votes came from

Ward 4 Councilwoman Kathi Hoder and Pete Schave, Ward 5 councilman and council president.

Ward 6 Councilman Denny Lawrence was absent.

The moratorium’s passing came after two amendments, first from Councilwoman Alice Phelps, who

moved to specify that the moratorium is specifically aimed at crude oil. The proposed change came at

the request of Port of Grays Harbor officials, who had expressed concern since the moratorium’s

inception that broad language could limit expansion of businesses not in the crude-oil industry.

“I believe, since the Port’s been here and talked to us about businesses and how it might offend

somebody, I think that we should change the wording from what we’ve got written, and just put ‘crude

oil,’ because that’s what we’re mainly concerned about anyway,” she said.

Ward 5 Councilman Alan Richrod also moved to strike the word “Bakken” from the language (a

reference to a region from which much of the crude oil traveling by rail originates) and change the

moratorium’s public hearing date from July 22 to Aug. 26. Both Phelps’ and Richrod’s changes were

implemented before the moratorium passed.

The council has been discussing the moratorium for more than two months. Some council members

Wednesday night questioned the necessity of the moratorium. Kayla Dunlap, the Port’s public affairs

manager, told the council during the meeting’s public comment period that the moratorium was

superfluous.

“There’s actually only two industrial properties in the city that could be potential sites for the facilities

that you’re wanting to prohibit at this time,” she said, pointing to the Port’s Terminal 4 and the former

site of the state Route 520 bridge pontoon construction project.

Hoder later asked the council how productive

the moratorium would actually be. “I don’t’ see

why we have to have this moratorium at all to

be honest with you,” she said. “We have

nothing coming forward at this time.”

Schave also expressed a similar sentiment,

adding that hazardous substances have “been

coming into this community for 100 years.”

Alstrom explained the moratorium was a legal

measure to prevent the filing of applications for

such facilities.

At its Aug. 26 public hearing, the council will

decide to continue the moratorium or repeal it.




Nexen Pipeline Spills 5 Million Litres Of Emulsion Near Fort McMurray

CALGARY - A pipeline at Nexen's Long Lake oilsands project in northeastern Alberta has failed,

spilling an estimated five million litres of bitumen, produced water and sand.

The company, which was taken over by China's CNOOC Ltd. in 2013, said the affected area is about

16,000 square metres, mostly along the pipeline's route.

The company and the Alberta Energy Regulator say it's too soon to say what might have caused the

leak

AER spokesman Peter Murchland said it's been contained.

"They've effectively stopped the source of the release, so that's good news," he said.

Nexen said the spill was discovered Wednesday afternoon.

http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/07/16/nexen-pipeline-spills-fiv_n_7813560.html




The company is investigating how long the pipeline was leaking before it was shut off, spokesman

Kyle Glennie said in an email.

A portion of the Long Lake operations has been shut down, but Nexen did not disclose production

figures.

So far, there has been no reported harm to the

public or wildlife. The regulator is requiring

Nexen to implement a wildlife protection plan in

the area.

The emulsion has not flowed into a body of

water, but it did spill into muskeg, the AER

said.

Officials with the regulator are on site to assess the situation, start investigating and ensure Nexen

meets safety and environmental requirements during the cleanup.

"As provincial premiers talk about ways to streamline the approval process for new tar sands

pipelines, we have a stark reminder of how dangerous they can be," Greenpeace said in a news

release about the latest spill.

"This leak is also a good reminder that Alberta has a long way to go to

address its pipeline problems and that communities have good

reasons to fear having more built."

Canada's premiers are meeting in St. John's, N.L., and one topic of discussion is a national energy

strategy.

Long Lake, about 35 kilometres southeast of Fort McMurray, uses steam to heat oilsands bitumen

deep underground, enabling it to flow to the surface.

The Nexen spill is one of the bigger ones in recent years.

In March, the AER investigated a spill of about 2.7 million litres of condensate at Murphy Oil's Seal

oilfield in northwestern Alberta. Condensate is used to dilute heavy oil so it can flow through

pipelines.

In 2011, about 4.5 million litres of oil leaked from a Plains Midstream pipeline into marshlands near

the northern Alberta community of Little Buffalo. A year later, about half a million litres of oil spilled

from another Plains pipeline in central Alberta

Editorial Comment:

Closing the barn door after the horses have

escaped

Muskeg is swampy / watery – does not

tolerate oil spills










BP to Pay $18.7 Billion for Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

July 2, 2015

NEW ORLEANS — An $18.7 billion settlement announced Thursday of all federal, state and local

claims against the oil giant BP arising from the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill would be the largest

environmental settlement — and the largest civil settlement with any single entity — in the nation’s

history, officials said Thursday.

The settlement, if approved by a federal judge, could bring to a close the largest unresolved legal

dispute arising from the April 2010 explosion aboard the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, which left 11

dead and spewed millions of gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico.

The deal would include, in addition to the federal government, the states of Alabama, Florida,

Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas, as well as more than 400 local government entities along the

coast, which had argued that the spill had ruined tourist seasons, crippled the seafood industry and

dried up sales tax revenue.

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/03/us/bp-to-pay-gulf-coast-states-18-7-billion-for-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill.html?emc=edit_th_20150703&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=63790488&_r=0

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/companies/bp_plc/index.html?inline=nyt-org




Under the agreement, BP would pay the federal government a civil penalty of $5.5 billion under the

Clean Water Act over a 15-year time frame, and would pay $7.1 billion under the Natural Resource

Damage Assessment to the gulf, which is meant to compensate for direct environmental harm

caused by the spill.

Why BP Is Paying $18.7 Billion

Background on the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill and the largest environmental settlement in

American history.

A further $5 billion of the settlement — in addition to $1 billion for local government claims — would

arise from economic damage claims made by the states. But those claims are only a part of what the

states would be getting.

The settlement still must be approved by United States District Court Judge Carl J. Barbier in New

Orleans, who oversaw a tremendously complex two-year civil trial concerning the spill.

BP already agreed, in 2012, to pay $4 billion in criminal fines. And claims from shareholders or

individuals are not affected.

In announcing the federal government’s part of the deal in Washington, Loretta E. Lynch, the attorney

general, said that the recent round of negotiations, over several weeks, had produced an agreement

in principle that would “justly and comprehensively address outstanding federal and state claims” and

“bring lasting benefits to the Gulf region for generations to come.”

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/07/02/us/bp-oil-spill-settlement-background.html








Robert W. Dudley, BP’s group chief executive, called the agreement “a realistic outcome which

provides clarity and certainty for all parties.”

In separate news conferences across the gulf, governors and attorneys general highlighted the

portions of the settlement that their states were likely to receive. They vary from state to state, with

Texas estimating a final total of about $800 million, and Louisiana, which was most heavily damaged

by the spill, projecting more than $6.8 billion.

WHERE THE MONEY HAS GONE

BP has spent billions to settle claims and cover costs in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil

spill in 2010. Among the payments are:

$14 billion to contain and clean up the spill.

$5.4 billion to settle 60,800 claims to date with individuals and business affected by the spill.

$4 billion for criminal penalties and fines, including payments to the National Fish and Wildlife

Foundation.

$525 million to settle civil charges with the S.E.C. that it misled investors about the flow rate of

oil from the well during the spill.

$236 million to revitalize tourism in Gulf Coast states.

In 2012, Congress passed the Restore Act, which redirects 80 percent of Clean Water Act penalties

— previously deposited into the federal Treasury — to the affected states. With this money and the

natural resources damage payments, which also go to the gulf, the settlement is a windfall for the

states, even if it is paid out piecemeal.

Negotiators tried without success in the past to reach a settlement, though they came close more

than once. One failed round of negotiations, on the eve of the trial in 2013, would have produced a

total amount not much less than what was announced on Tuesday, said David M. Uhlmann, a

professor at the University of Michigan Law School and a former federal prosecutor of environmental

crimes. But the exact mix of money within that deal was different; for instance, state and local

economic damages were not a part of it.

“The problem then was that Louisiana and to a lesser extent Alabama had unrealistic expectations

for how much they should receive,” he said, adding that in the years since “the states became much

more realistic.”

The findings at trial put pressure on BP, as did the downturn in global oil prices. But the oil price drop

also brought pressure on Louisiana, which, like Alabama, had been already facing severe budget

crunches.

Garret Graves, a member of Congress from Louisiana who served as the state’s top coastal

restoration official and represented the state in prior negotiations with BP, said he could not comment

in detail on the negotiations. But he insisted that much had changed since the initial talks.

“Some of the earlier discussions with BP reminded me of the circuslike, disconnected response to the

spill itself,” he said. The intervening years brought “significant changes within BP’s command and

control,” allowing for the new agreement.




With this deal, BP gets valuable certainty, especially as it does not include any clause that could

reopen litigation. The extended payment schedule also allows it to absorb the pain in manageable

doses.

And because they will receive billions in economic damage claims, money coming through the

Restore Act and the natural resources damages process — far more than they would have obtained

in litigation — the states, Professor Uhlmann said, “made out like bandits.”

Environmental groups had a mixed reaction to the announcement, with some welcoming it as

overdue, others condemning it as too little and still others expressing a cautious optimism.

Bethany Kraft, director of the Gulf Restoration Program at the Ocean Conservancy, welcomed news

of the settlement, but emphasized that this was only the beginning of the work. She highlighted $232

million set aside under the settlement that, combined with interest from other payments, is meant to

address any natural resources damages that are discovered after the settlement is in effect. Such

money she described as critical but possibly insufficient, as some environmental damage from the

spill may not be understood for decades.

Much of the settlement money in Louisiana will go to environmental protection and restoration along

the state’s ravaged and rapidly disappearing coast. The state has spent years developing a master

plan for addressing environmental damage and the wetlands loss that long preceded the BP spill.

The $50 billion plan, with some projects already underway or completed, calls for extensive levee

construction and for beefing up barrier islands and restoring portions of the state’s vanishing

wetlands in order to provide a greater degree of natural protection from hurricanes.

This proposed agreement would end federal and state involvement in a three-phase trial that began

more than two years ago in one of the most complex and closely watched civil cases in United States

history. Over the course of the trial, which took place in New Orleans, the Justice Department argued

that the company should pay the maximum federal penalty of $13.7 billion, or $4,300 for every barrel

spilled, under the Clean Water Act in cases of gross negligence.

On Thursday, BP set the ultimate cost associated with the spill at nearly $54 billion, though there are

still some unknowable expenses to come. While the settlement clears away most of the liability

exposure that BP faces, it does not eliminate some shareholder claims or private claims from

thousands of individuals and businesses whose efforts in court will continue. BP has settled

hundreds of thousands of such claims since the spill.

Testimony in the two-year civil trial ended in February, and on Monday, the Supreme Court declined

to hear an appeal of Judge Barbier’s liability determination of BP and Anadarko, the co-owners of the

Deepwater Horizon well.

And the settlement, as some pointed out, is not yet set in stone.

“I knew nothing about it,” said Tony Kennon, the mayor of Orange Beach, Ala., a tourist town that

was devastated during the summer of the spill, and which has sued BP for $50 million. Mr. Kennon

insisted that the lawsuit was not over as far his town was concerned and that he now expected to

seek more in damages.

However, he also expected a nice Fourth of July weekend.

“If the weather’s pretty,” he said, “we will break all records.”

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/us/spill_index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/us/spill_index.html




Hydropower / Water Retention

$700 million plan to help salmon habitat faces new challenge

June 21, 2015

PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — For more than a decade, the federal government spent $700 million on

habitat improvements in the Columbia River Basin.

Experts say it’s likely the largest, most intensive, and most expensive habitat restoration program in

the nation. It’s the centerpiece in a federal management plan to relieve the damage that dams cause

to salmon and steelhead.

The plan has been litigated in court for two decades; its latest version has also been challenged, with

a hearing scheduled Tuesday.

Critics say relying heavily on habitat improvements is not enough to restore wild fish runs. Some

advocate breaching dams. Others say spilling more water would help fish.

Officials say (post dam) record salmon runs show habitat restoration is helping. But scientists say

sometimes restoring habitat doesn’t work as well as it should.

http://q13fox.com/2015/06/21/700-million-plan-to-help-salmon-habitat-faces-new-challenge/




Permits to Start Construction on Site C Dam Issued Despite Pending Lawsuits

July 8, 2015

Authorizations allowing construction to begin immediately on the Site C dam on the Peace River in

northeastern B.C. were issued on Tuesday by B.C.’s Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural

Resource Operations — despite a pending legal challenge by the Treaty 8 First Nations.

This Saturday, hundreds of people in canoes and kayaks will paddle down the Peace River to protest

the imminent construction of the dam and flooding of the river.

The $8.8 billion Site C dam — the most expensive public project in B.C. history — was approved by

the B.C. government in December. If built, the dam will flood more than 100 kilometres of the Peace

River and its tributaries, drowning agricultural land that experts say could produce fruit and

vegetables for one million people.

http://www.desmog.ca/2015/07/08/permits-start-construction-site-c-dam-issued-despite-pending-lawsuits

http://www.desmog.ca/site-c-dam-bc

https://news.gov.bc.ca/stories/decisions-made-on-site-c-permit-applications

http://www.desmog.ca/site-c-dam-bc

http://www.desmog.ca/2014/09/02/field-dreams-peace-valley-farmers-ranchers-fight-keep-land-above-water-site-c-decision-looms

http://www.desmog.ca/2014/09/02/field-dreams-peace-valley-farmers-ranchers-fight-keep-land-above-water-site-c-decision-looms




Since the government’s decision to move forward with the project, expert voices have come out of

the woodwork to speak out against the project.

Last week, the Greater Vancouver Regional District Board, representing 23 local governments and

2.5 million people, voted to ask Premier Christy Clark for a two-year moratorium on Site C. The board

joins more than 30 other B.C. municipalities calling for a moratorium on the project.

“This permitting decision shows the provincial government’s disdain for B.C. ratepayers,” said Rob

Botterell, general counsel to the Peace Valley Landowner Association. “BC Hydro’s own analysis

shows that a two-year delay will save B.C. ratepayers about $200 million. Who benefits from the

urgency to construct Site C? Certainly not those of us paying the tab.”

Dam Construction Will 'Indefinitely Scar' B.C.'s Relationship with First Nations

The First Nations Leadership Council recently said moving forward with the dam before the Treaty 8

legal challenge has been heard on July 20th will “indefinitely scar” B.C.’s relationship with First

Nations.

This spring, energy economist Robert McCullough said that BC Hydro has dramatically

underestimated the cost of producing power from Site C and that far cheaper energy alternatives

are available.

Harry Swain, chair of the panel that examined Site C for the federal and provincial governments, has

called the failure of the B.C. government to investigate alternatives to the dam a “dereliction of

duty.” His criticism of the B.C. government's actions was called “unprecedented” by environmental

law experts.

The cost of renewable alternatives have plummeted in cost in recent years and Site C’s business

case assumptions are two to five years out of date. The Canadian Geothermal Energy Association

says geothermal can meet all of B.C.'s future energy needs at a lower cost than Site C with fewer

environmental impacts.

Despite growing opposition from experts, BC Hydro released polling on Tuesday indicating that

support for the dam has increased amongst British Columbians.

The Abacus Data poll shows 59 per cent of those polled support building the Site C dam, while 22

per cent support the dam under certain circumstances. Seventeen per cent are opposed. Province-

wide awareness of the Site C dam has increased significantly: 75 per cent of British Columbians

surveyed are aware of Site C now, compared to 41 per cent in 2013.

The B.C. government says Site C will provide approximately 10,000 direct jobs during construction

and will generate enough electricity to power about 450,000 homes per year.

However, the panel that reviewed BC Hydro’s application to build the dam found demand for the

power had not been proven on the timeline provided and called for an independent review of costs by

the B.C. Utilities Commission — a call the B.C. government has ignored.

Early indications are that some of Site C’s power will be used to power

natural gas operations in northeast B.C. For at least the first four years

demand for the power will be insufficient so a portion will be exported

at a projected loss of $800 million.

http://www.desmog.ca/2015/06/25/starting-construction-site-c-dam-july-will-indefinitely-scar-b-c-s-relationships-first-nations-grand-chief

http://www.desmog.ca/2015/06/25/starting-construction-site-c-dam-july-will-indefinitely-scar-b-c-s-relationships-first-nations-grand-chief

http://www.desmog.ca/2015/03/11/dereliction-duty-chair-site-c-panel-b-c-s-failure-investigate-alternatives-mega-dam



https://www.bchydro.com/news/press_centre/news_releases/2015/site-c-poll.html

http://www.desmog.ca/2014/05/27/7-9-billion-dollar-question-is-site-c-dam-electricity-destined-lng-industry

http://www.desmog.ca/2014/05/27/7-9-billion-dollar-question-is-site-c-dam-electricity-destined-lng-industry

http://www.desmog.ca/2015/06/12/it-s-official-site-c-dam-could-power-fracking-operations-northeast-b-c

http://www.desmog.ca/2015/06/12/it-s-official-site-c-dam-could-power-fracking-operations-northeast-b-c




A drone photo of Banks Island Gold’s Yellow Giant mine site with Banks Creek in the background. Salmon are currently migrating through the creek

Victoria shuts down Yellow Giant gold mine in northwestern B.C. over pollution spills

Gitxaala First Nation plans legal action against small operation, but environment ministry

says risk to animals, humans minimal

July 26, 2015

http://www.vancouversun.com/business/resources/Victoria+shuts+down+Yellow+Giant+gold+mine/11244628/story.html

http://www.vancouversun.com/business/resources/Victoria+shuts+down+Yellow+Giant+gold+mine/11244628/story.html




The province has shut down the small Yellow Giant underground gold mine on Banks Island in

northwest B.C. for spilling pollution on land and into creeks, lakes, and a wetland.

The B.C. environment ministry said the discharge reached the ocean through a creek, several

beaver-dam-created wetlands and Banks Lake before entering the ocean at Surrey Bay, but it is not

believed it will harm humans or animals.

The Yellow Giant incident is the latest of several mine waste spills — although much smaller in

magnitude — since the catastrophic dam failure at Imperial Metals’ Mount Polley gold and copper

mine in August 2014. There have been small spills at the Myra Falls and Copper Mountain mines in

the past year.

First Nations and conservationists are concerned about the effect of this latest spill on animals and

aquatic life, including salmon, at the island located about 100 kilometres south of Prince Rupert.

Pacific Wild executive director Ian McAllister, who lives in the area, visited the island on Sunday to

get a first-hand look. Although he was blocked from the mine site by company personnel, a drone

flight he carried out showed migrating salmon splashing in Banks Creek on their way to Banks Lake.

There were also salmon jumping in the ocean at the mouth of the river, six to nine metres wide, he

said, noting the area is rich in biodiversity, home to herring, a unique population of sandhill cranes

and genetically distinct wolves.

“Whatever discharged into the system has gone into what appears to be a very

productive salmon river,” McAllister said in a phone interview.

Gitxaala First Nation chief Clarence Innis said they will be launching legal action against Banks

Island Gold and the province to ensure environmental damage caused by the spill is cleaned up.

The area is an important salmon area for the Gitxaala, as well as for other foods such as seaweed

gathering, he said. “B.C. has to stop letting this industry essentially self-regulate themselves and start

holding them accountable,” Innis said Sunday, adding they plan to carry out their own assessment of

the spill.

Toxicity testing by a third-party laboratory on undiluted tailings effluent showed 100 per cent survival

for rainbow trout and Daphnia magna (sometimes called a water flea), according to the environment

ministry.

“Based on the toxicity test results, the distance to the ocean, the tendency for suspended sediments

to settle out in wetlands, and dilution capacity of Surrey Bay, there is no reason to believe that there

would be any risk to humans or animals,” ministry spokesman David Karn said in a written statement.

The environment ministry has ordered the company to clean up the spill, monitor its effects and come

up with a long-term plan to ensure it does not happen again.

The Yellow Giant mine, owned by Vancouver-based Banks Island Gold, went into commercial

production in January.

On July 15, the Ministry of Energy of Mines issued a shutdown order to the mine that did not become

public until late last week.




“(The mine) is shut down until an updated water management plan (including all water sources from

exploration sites), tailings management plan, and erosion and sediment control plans are provided

and accepted by the chief inspector of mines,” mines spokesman Dan Gilmore said in a written

statement Sunday.

That shutdown order followed a July 10 order from the environment ministry for Yellow Giant to stop

releasing pollution into the environment.

The province said the company had “unauthorized” discharges of effluent in March and also effluent

and tailings discharges in June and again in July. Tailings are the finely ground rock remaining after

processing that contain potentially toxic metals.

Effluent and mine waste leaked from a pair of underground mine sites, including from a “non-

engineered” containment berm and a concrete plug at an old underground site, according to the

environment ministry’s July 10 pollution abatement order.

At one site, estimates from the company peg the spilled water containing tailings slurry at 240 cubic

metres. That is much smaller than the 24 million cubic metres of water and tailings that was released

in the Mount Polley spill. There is no estimate for the spill at the second Yellow Giant site.

The ministry of environment says the tailings spill has raised levels of

suspended solids in the water, with a corresponding increase of

concentrations of various metals, including arsenic, chromium,

copper, lead, manganese, and zinc.

The discharge occurred approximately one kilometre from the ocean.

Banks Island Gold company officials could not be reached for comment on Sunday.

In a news release released last Friday, the company said it is in ongoing discussions with provincial

officials and will continue limited activities on-site in the next few days as it works with the regulatory

authorities to ensure that operations can continue uninterrupted on a go-forward basis.




Wild Game Fish Management

Quinault Indian Nation (QIN) partnering to restore Quinault River “Bluebacks” by

restoring Quinault River

Fawn Sharp, President QIN Bill Armstrong, QIN

Sockeye salmon - (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Also called red salmon or blueback salmon, is an anadromous species of salmon found in the Pacific Ocean. The same species when it occurs in landlocked bodies of water is called the kokanee. This species is the third most common type of Pacific salmon, after Pink and Chum.

Description

A Sockeye Salmon can be as long as 33 inches (84 cm) and weigh 6 to 8 pounds (2.5 to 3.5 kilos). It has an elongated, torpedo shaped body, with an adipose fin, and a bluntly pointed snout. The gill rakers located just behind the head are long and closely spaced. Its colouration changes as it migrates from saltwater to freshwater in preparation for spawning. In freshwater, its colour is bright red with a pale green head; females may have green and yellow marks or stains. Its colour in saltwater is bluish-green on top, silvery on the bottom, with uniform, shiny skin.




Melissa Erkel, a fish passage biologist, stands on top of a wide passageway for the north fork of

Newaukum Creek under a road near Enumclaw. The wider bridge is designed to let fish pass

naturally along the creek more easily than the round culverts that were previously in place at the

crossing.

State told to fix fish-blocking culverts — those pipes that run under roads

July 5, 2015

SEATTLE — Washington state is under a federal court order to fix hundreds of barriers built under

state roads and highways that block access for migrating salmon and thus interfere with Washington

tribes’ treaty-backed right to catch fish.

http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/article/20150705/news/307059968/state-told-to-fix-fish-blocking-culverts-8212-those-pipes-that-run




But it’s not clear how the state is going to come up with the estimated $2.4 billion it will take to correct

more than 825 culverts — concrete pipes or steel structures that allow streams to flow under state

roads and highways.

The state said it would need to fix an average of 30 to 40 culverts a year by 2030, spending $310

million every biennium, to comply with the 2013 court injunction.

The state has appealed the judge’s decision. But in the meantime, the Legislature last week

approved millions to correct fish barriers statewide.

The 16-year transportation revenue bill includes $300 million for fish passage, dramatically more than

in the past but far short of what the state estimates it needs.

The House still needs to pass two Senate-approved bills to complete the transportation package.

“I would like to have seen us put more money toward that,” said Rep. Ed Orcutt, R-Kalama, ranking

member of the House Transportation Committee.

“We do need to be working on this. I think it’s a good start, and I’m glad we’re doing it.”

Lawmakers have referred to this case as the other McCleary decision, which told the state to fix the

way it pays for public schools.

“Ultimately, it’s something we’re going to have to address; it’s just a question of timeline for when

we’re going to get done,” Orcutt said.

The injunction issued by federal judge Ricardo Martinez stems from the landmark 1974 Boldt

decision, which affirmed the treaty rights of Northwest tribes to catch fish.

The judge said that fish-blocking culverts contribute to diminished fish runs.

“It is a treaty right. Tribes ceded the entire state of Washington to the federal government. In return,

we asked that we have salmon forever,” said Brian Cladoosby, chairman of the Swinomish Indian

Tribal Community.

He said he was disappointed with the state’s appeal and questioned how much money the state had

spent in appealing the case that could have gone toward fixing the problem.

The Department of Transportation, which is responsible for correcting the largest number of culverts

under the court order, has been working on fish passage for a number of decades, said Paul

Wagner, the agency’s biology branch manager.

This year, the agency plans 13 fish passage projects across the state. It also completed 13 such

projects in each of the past two years.

But he acknowledged that significantly more money will be needed to meet the terms of the

injunction.

Culverts can be a problem for fish in several ways.

Stream flows running through a small pipe can be too fast, making it harder for fish to swim upstream

to spawn or downstream to reach the ocean.

Perched culverts also can be too elevated for fish to jump through.




“It’s a big, big problem,” said Julie Henning, state Department of Fish and Wildlife habitat division

manager.

When culverts are removed or fixed, the benefits are immediate because it opens up miles of critical

habitat upstream to fish, said Henning, who also co-chairs the state’s Fish Barrier Removal Board.

That board, created by the Legislature last year, is working to coordinate with counties, private

landowners, tribes, state agencies and others to get the most benefit out of projects to remove fish

barriers and recover salmon runs.

“When you think about a fish swimming upstream, it goes through all these jurisdictions,” Henning

said.

Counties, cities, forest owners and others have worked independently to remove fish barriers only to

find that culverts elsewhere on the stream continue to block fish passage.

On the North Fork Newaukum Creek near Enumclaw one afternoon, Henning and WDFW fish

biologist Melissa Erkel pointed out a project that King County did several years ago to replace two

aging pipes with a large box culvert that is wide enough to allow the stream to meander.

But less than a quarter mile upstream, two culverts block access for fish.

Erkel said she has provided technical assistance to the private landowner, who plans this fall to

replace them with a 35-foot span bridge to allow more water to pass under the private road.

“Fish passage is really important work. We’re not just doing it because of the lawsuit. It’s something

that needs to be done,” Henning said.




A new survey of trout streams in southwest Alberta suggests that virtually all of them are threatened by industrial development or overuse. Bull trout like the one pictured here have lost more than 70 per cent of their historic waters.

Southern Alberta trout streams threatened despite recovery plan, says survey

July 12, 2015

http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/Most+southern+Alberta+trout+streams+threatened+despite/11209007/story.html




EDMONTON — Virtually all southern Alberta streams that spawn native trout are threatened by

industrial development or overuse, says a survey from a respected fisheries biologist.

That’s even though both bull and rainbow trout are protected under federal law and are supposed to

be benefiting from a recovery plan, says Lorne Fitch.

“I have watched habitat and fish populations crater,” says Fitch, an adjunct professor at the University

of Calgary, who spent 35 years as a leading provincial biologist. “All of our systems are under

extreme pressure.”

Fitch studied 54 small rivers and streams that flow into the Oldman River and hold bull and cutthroat

trout. He found nearly every one of the waterways face multiple pressures: from logging roads to

energy development to off-highway vehicle trails.

The banks of Hidden Creek, spawning waters for up to 80 per cent of the Oldman’s bull trout, are

weakened by clear-cuts and stream crossings and are falling in on themselves. Cow Creek, with a

confirmed cutthroat population, is contaminated by feedlot effluent and is drained for irrigation.

Fitch’s survey notes everything from motorcycle races to washed-out bridges to coal mining affecting

creek after creek. Again and again he concludes “long-term cumulative impacts on cutthroat trout and

bull trout.”

Lorne Fitch is an adjunct professor at the University of Calgary who spent 35 years as a leading

provincial biologist.

Scientists suggest land that contains trout streams shouldn’t have more than about just over half a

kilometre of trail, cutline or road per square kilometre. The disturbance density in parts of the Oldman

watershed is nearly 10 times that.

The reason, Fitch said, is sediment. Nearby roads, forest disturbance and stream crossings all cause

soil to wash into the current.

Scientists used to believe that silt simply washed out. No longer.

“What researchers are now finding is that this sediment actually starts to get trapped into the gravels

and cobbles that make up the stream bed,” Fitch said. “That stuff solidifies, so that not only is it

difficult for water to permeate through, it’s very difficult for trout to build a redd (nest).

“Trout would have to come equipped with a pickaxe to break through some of that substrate.”

And those hardpack streambeds aren’t going away anytime soon, said Fitch.

“Some researchers have said this might endure for centennial time. It isn’t fleeting.”

The result is that cutthroat populations are estimated at five per cent of historic levels. Bull trout —

Alberta’s provincial fish — have lost at least 70 per cent of their original range.

Biologists used to count more than 100 redds on Hidden Creek. Last fall, after the region was logged,

Fitch counted 15.




Alberta’s previous Tory government completed a land-use plan for the

entire South Saskatchewan River watershed, which includes the

Oldman. Fitch said it barely mentions fish, contains no specific

recommendations for their protection and defers most important

decisions to local management bodies.

“I was underwhelmed.”

Fitch said the decline over the last generation or two in southern Alberta has been echoed all over

the province.

Arctic grayling, once common in the north, are down to 10 per cent of historic levels. Goldeye have

all but vanished from rivers where they formerly abounded.

The declines will continue until Alberta changes its land-use policies,

Fitch said.

“We have applied too many things to the landscape for too long.”

A spokeswoman for NDP Environment Minister Shannon Phillips acknowledged trout are in decline.

But Laura Tupper defended the previous government’s plans.

“Headwaters protection, controlling industrial activity and monitoring water quality are just a few

measures under the (plan) that will work to improve threatened fish populations,” she wrote in an

email.

Tupper said the government is spending $10 million to restore streams damaged in the 2013 floods

and to support other watershed management efforts.




Gillnetters begin legal challenge to new Willapa Bay salmon policy

July 2, 2015

A group of commercial gillnet fishermen filed a petition June 30, seeking judicial review of a new

salmon management policy on Willapa Bay.

The Willapa Bay Gillnetters Association (WBGA), represented by attorneys Ryen Godwin and

Gregory Jacoby of Tacoma-based McGavick Graves, argues the Washington Department of Fish

and Wildlife acted outside of statuary authority when it placed restrictions on fishing times, place,

manner and fishing method in the policy instead of in a rule.

The attorneys also claim the department acted in an “arbitrary and capricious” way when it used

specific models to analyze justify how much harvest of salmon the new policy would allow as well as

determine the current economic impacts of both commercial and sport fishermen in Willapa Bay.

“The DFW determined the current economic impact in Willapa Bay based upon a state-wide study

published in 2008 of all gear types, all locations, and all species of salmon,” the petition states. That

study looks at ex-vessel value for commercial fishermen — the price fishermen receive for fish

landed at a dock — and, for sport fishermen, the number of days available for them to fish.

“The state-wide study is not generally accepted as a reliable basis to determine economic impacts on

a particular region,” the petition continues, “… There is no rational relationship between the economic

impacts identified in the state-wide study and the Policy’s actual economic impacts on Willapa Bay.”

The petition also took issue with the allowed impact rate to naturally spawning Chinook salmon —

fish that do not return to the state-run hatcheries and spawn on their own in nearby rivers and

streams. Under the policy, gillnetters are allowed 20 percent impacts; once they hit a certain number

of these natural or wild Chinook, fishing must cease in that area. In coming years, this allowed impact

will be stepped down to 14 percent, which could potentially further restrict commercial harvest on

Willapa Bay.

Local (commercial) fishermen have called that percentage a “nail in the coffin,” and said there would

be little reason to continue fishing on Willapa Bay under such an impact rate. In the past, they were

allowed anywhere from 30 percent to nearly 40 percent impact, and, the petition says, this impact

helped the natural origin fish, keeping spawning ground from becoming overrun.

http://www.chinookobserver.com/co/fishing-aquaculture/20150702/gillnetters-begin-legal-challenge-to-new-willapa-bay-salmon-policy




WDFW, its commission and conservation groups, however, have argued that lowering the impact

rate to 20 and then 14 percent is necessary move to restore wild salmon runs there. Fishermen and

processors have countered that there are no true wild runs on the Willapa, only hatchery fish that

failed to return to the hatcheries and have instead begun to spawn on their own.

“The facts found by the DFW as recently as 2013 show that a (30) percent impact rate ensured the

protection of natural origin adults and removed hatchery adults that might otherwise have a negative

influence on natural counterparts,” the petition argues, and later states, “there is no conservation

benefit to reducing the impact rate from (20) percent and then to (14) percent after the initial

transition period outlined in the Policy.”

The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, whose commission passed the new management

policy last month as part of a legal settlement with the Twin Harbors Fish and Wildlife Advocacy

group last year, has 20 days to respond.

A spokesperson for the department said WDFW’s counsel advised the department not to comment

on the petition outside of the courtroom, but sent the Chinook Observer copies of materials received

from the WBGA’s attorneys




Ban anglers from drought-stressed streams, groups urge

Government criticized for failing to protect fish amid critically low water levels on

Vancouver Island

June 24, 2015

http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/Stephen+Hume+anglers+from+drought+stressed+streams+groups/11163835/story.html




The provincial government is failing to protect B.C.’s prized game fish in the face of a drought crisis

that threatens the survival of the very trout, steelhead and salmon upon which a billion-dollar

freshwater fishing sector depends.

First Nations, professional guides, angling associations and naturalists are all pleading with an

apparently deaf province to close drought-stricken Vancouver Island streams to sport fishing until

they can be replenished by winter rains.

Drought conditions are so severe that the Cowichan Tribes have completely closed the Cowichan to

fishing by their members — yet the province continues to permit non-aboriginal sports angling on the

beleaguered river.

“When we shut the rivers down we wrote to the minister asking that the province close the river to

sports fishing. We didn’t even get a reply,” says Cowichan Chief William Seymour.

The tribes have prohibited fishing until abundance can be assured, citing critically low flows in the

river. This acknowledges the moral imperative. Compare it to a dithering province’s do-nothing policy.

Discharges on the Cowichan, one of Canada’s premier fly-fishing rivers

for trout and steelhead, are only about five per cent of peak winter

flows. The river also supports spring salmon, coho and chum.

Sharply rising water temperatures are driving the prized game fish into a few deep, spring-fed pools

where conditions are cooler.

But as trout and young steelhead stack up, they become easy pickings for predators — including

anglers. And guides say high water temperatures so stress the fish that they frequently die after

release by anglers.

“It’s unbelievably unethical to be fishing in these conditions,” says professional guide Joe Saysell,

who provides a drift boat service for steelhead anglers. “Government is just showing no leadership at

all.

“I took the river temperature in front of my house and the water was 22 degrees. But there were two

guys out fishing right in front of my house this morning. There are people out there fishing most

days.”

The Friends of the Cowichan River, a public advocacy group, wrote to Steve Thomson, the minister

of forest, lands and natural resource operations, on June 5 pleading that the river be closed to

angling from June 15 to Oct. 1, when the winter rains traditionally begin.

“There is no snow pack at all and we have had an extremely dry spring with the month of May being

the driest on record,” the letter warns. “Low river water flow and high water temperatures will make it

extremely difficult for resident trout, young steelhead and salmon this summer.




“We believe that it is your ministry’s responsibility and that it would be logical and a conservation-

minded measure to close the river to all angling this summer.”

The Cowichan Valley Naturalists also wrote to the minister.

“River flows are low and water temperatures are rising. The higher temperatures place the fish in the

river under stress and also restrict the parts of the river where they will be found to the cooler places.

Any fish caught by anglers are going to be further stressed when released.”

The naturalists also urged closing the river to angling until the fall rains.

“It’s a no-brainer; that’s what’s so shocking about it,” says Pat George

of Victoria, who chairs the conservation committee for the Haig-Brown

Fly Fishing Association, of the province’s failure to close drought-

stressed streams to anglers.

He said he’s just returned from Montana, where such seasonal closures are standard and have

resulted in a remarkable abundance for the resource.

“Montana hasn’t had to have a stocking program for 20 years,” George says.

Here, however, the pleas received no response from the province, Saysell says.

“I’ve been talking to the ministry about this crisis since May,” he says. “I haven’t had a reply yet. The

government doesn’t seem to comprehend the damage that’s being done, particularly to trout and

young steelhead.”

Bob Hooton, since retired to Nanaimo from the provincial government where he served as a

steelhead specialist, says that when he began his career 37 years ago, the then-steelhead expert

“told me the issue going forward is domestic water supply for the east coast of Vancouver Island.

“What are the trends, people? It’s not an unlimited resource, which is

how it’s been treated. We are seeing desperately low water. It is bad.

We’re basically in unprecedented territory now. You can’t keep going

the way you are and not reap the consequences.”

Do we want a legacy of barren rivers? Thomson should act. We need cabinet ministers unable to

prove decisive in a policy crisis about as much as fish need bicycles.




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2015 – Removing Ocean-based Salmon Feedlots Dan Wallace: Passion for Authenticity




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