LV - Nghien cuu ngon ngu UML va ung dung

8/14/2019 LV - Nghien cuu ngon ngu UML va ung dung

1/171

SVTH: Lm Nguy n Trung Nam - Lm Quang Vu 1

http://www.ebooks.vdcmedia.com

MUC LUCLI CAM N................................................................................ LI MU................................................................................. MT STVIT TT...................................................................... Chng 1 .................................................................................... TNG QUAN 1 ...........................................................................

1.1. Yu cu thc t ....................................................................... Chng 1 TNG QUAN 2 ...............................................................

1.2. Gii thiu UML...................................................................... Chng 1 TNG QUAN 3 ...............................................................

1.3 Nguyn nhn ra i..................................................................... 1.3. Nguyn nhn ra i.....................................................................

Chng 1 TNG QUAN 4 ............................................................... 1.4. Tm quan trong cua vic m hnh hoa.................................................

Chng 1 .................................................................................... TNG QUAN 5 ........................................................................... 1.5. Xu hng phat trin trong nganh cng nghphn mm.........................27 Chng 1 .................................................................................... TNG QUAN 6 ...........................................................................

1.3.3. Shi tucua cac cng ngh.................................................... Chng 1 TNG QUAN 7 ...............................................................

1.7. UML hp nht cac ytng ni bt vanhng vn thc ttrong qua trnh phat trin cua cng nghphn mm..................................................

Chng 1 TNG QUAN 8............................................................... 1.8. UML c lp vi ngn nglp trnh vaqui trnh phat trin phn mm..30 Chng 1 TNG QUAN 9 ...............................................................

1.9. UML langn ngm hnh hoa a dung (general purpose)................... Chng 1 TNG QUAN 10 .............................................................

1.10. UML c htrbi cac cng ty, cng cuphat trin phn mm.........31 1.10.1. UML lamt chun cng nghip.................................................


2/171



1.10.2. Cac li ch cua UML.......................................................... Chng 1 TNG QUAN 11 .............................................................

1.11. i vi ngi sdung UML...................................................... 1.11.1. UML cung cp c chmrng vac bit hoa mrng cac khainim ct loi................................................................................

Chng 1 TNG QUAN 12 ............................................................. 1.12. UML y manh tai sdung trong nn cng nghphn mm. ..............33 Chng 1 TNG QUAN 13 .............................................................

1.13. So sanh vi cac phng phap khac................................................... Chng 1 .................................................................................... TNG QUAN 14......................................................................... Chng 1 .................................................................................... TNG QUAN 15.........................................................................

1.15. Lch sphat trin ..................................................................... Chng 1.................................................................................... TNG QUAN 16......................................................................... Chng 1 TNG QUAN 17 .............................................................

1.17. Kin truc tng quan cua UML..................................................... 1.17.1. Kin truc cua UML............................................................

Chng 1 TNG QUAN 18 ............................................................. 1.18. Cac m hnh.......................................................................

1.18.1. Cu truc View .................................................................. Chng 1 TNG QUAN 19 ............................................................. 1.19. Nhng lc ...................................................................... Chng 1 TNG QUAN 20 ............................................................. Chng 1 TNG QUAN 21 ............................................................. Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML(UML Semantic) 22....................................................................

2.1. Gii thiu ............................................................................... Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 23.................................................................... 2.2 Tng quan vcac loai quan hgia cac thanh t .................................. Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML(UML Semantic) 24....................................................................

2.3. Quan htng quat hoa (generalization)........................................ 2.3.1. Quan hkt hp (association) ...............................................


3/171


4/171


5/171


6/171



Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML(UML Semantic) 57....................................................................

2.57. AssociationEndRole (vai cua mi kt hp).........................................6 2.57.1. AssociationRole (vai cua quan hkt hp)...................................6 2.57.2. ClassifierRole (vai cua Classifier) .......................................... 2.57.3. Collaboration (cng tac)......................................................... Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 58.................................................................... 2.58. Message (thng ip).................................................................

2.58.1. Package Use Cases (goi Use Cases)........................................ Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML(UML Semantic) 59....................................................................

2.59. Actor (tac nhn) ....................................................................

Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML(UML Semantic) 60.................................................................... 2.60. Extend (mrng)....................................................................

2.60.1. Include (bao gm)............................................................... 2.60.2. UseCase .....................................................................


2.61. Package State Machines (goi m hnh trang thai)................................70 Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML(UML Semantic) 62.................................................................... Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML(UML Semantic) 63....................................................................

2.63. StateVertex (im trang thai)........................................................ 2.63. State (trang thai) ......................................................................

2.63.1. PseudoState (trang thai gia)...................................................... Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML(UML Semantic) 64....................................................................

2.64. Transition (chuyn trang thai)........................................................ Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML(UML Semantic) 65....................................................................

2.65. CompositeState (trang thai phc).................................................... 2.65.1. StateMachine................................................................



7/171



2.66. M hnh Events (skin)............................................................. 2.66.1. Package Activity Graphs (goi lc hoat ng).........................74


2.67. ActionState (trang thai hoat ng).................................................. 2.67.1. ActivityGraph (th hoat ng)............................................... Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 68.................................................................... 2.68. ObjectFlowState (trang thai i tng lun chuyn)............................76

2.68.1. Partition (vung) ................................................................. Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML(UML Semantic) 69....................................................................

2.69. Package Model Management (goi quan tr m hnh).........................

2.69.1. Elementimport........................................................... Chng 2 NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG UML(UML Semantic) 70....................................................................

2.70. Model (m hnh) ............................................................. 2.70.1. Package (goi)........................................................... 2.70.2. Subsystem (hthng con) .....................................................


2.71. Tom tt................................................................................ Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 72.........................................

3.1. Gii thiu ............................................................................... Chng 3 HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 73..............................

3.2. Cac thanh phn c ban cua lc ................................................. 3.2.1. th vani dung (Graphs and their Contents).....................

Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 74.........................................

3.3. Cac ng dn (Drawing Paths) ............................................... 3.3.1. Cac lin kt n vavai trocua cng cu....................................... 3.3.2. Thng tin nn (Background Information)............................. 3.3.3. Chui (String), tn (Name),nhan (Label) vatkhoa.......................81


3.4. Biu thc (Expression)...........................................................


8/171



3.4.1. Ghi Chu(Note).................................................................. Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 76.........................................

3.5. Stng quan gia cac loai thanh tvathhin cua no........................82 Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 77......................................... 3.6. Cac thanh phn quan tr m hnh (model management)...............

3.6.1. Goi (Package).................................................................. Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 78 .........................................

3.7. Cac thanh phn quan tr m hnh (model management)............... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 79.........................................

3.8. Subsystem......................................................................... 3.8.1. Ngngha ....................................................................... 3.8.2. Kyhiu.............................................................................


3.9 Cac thanh phn quan tr m hnh (model management)................ Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 81.........................................

3.10. Model .................................................................................. 3.10.1. Ngngha...................................................................... 3.10.2. Kyhiu...........................................................................


3.11. Cac c chmrng tng quat........................................................ 3.11.1. Rang buc (Constraint) vachuthch (Comment)........................


3.12. Kyhiu............................................................................. Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 84......................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 85.........................................

3.13. Thuc tnh cua cac thanh t(Element Properties) ........................... Chng 3 ....................................................................................


9/171



HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 86......................................... 3.14. Cac mu (Stereotypes)..........................................................


3.15. Cac lc ............................................................................ 3.15.1. Gii thiu......................................................................... Chng 3 ....................................................................................

HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 88......................................... 3.16. Lc lp (Class Diagram)..................................................

Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 89......................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 90.........................................

3.17. Chc nng........................................................................... 3.17.1. Cac thanh phn chnh......................................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 91......................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 92.........................................

3.18. Interface .......................................................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 93.........................................

3.19. Cac loai quan h....................................................................... 3.19.1. Quan hkt hp (association).............................................. Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 94......................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 95......................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 96.........................................

Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 97......................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 98.........................................

3.20. Quan htng quat hoa................................................................ Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 99.........................................


10/171



Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 100 ....................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 101 .......................................

3.21. Quan hphuthuc (Dependency)............................................. Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 101 .......................................

3.22. Cac thanh tc tnh toan (hay c dn xut derived Element)....99 Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 103 .......................................

3.23. Lc i tng (Object Diagram)......................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 104 .......................................

3.24. Cac thanh phn chnh............................................................. 3.24.1. Cac i tng (Objects) ..................................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 105 .......................................

3.25. i tng ghep (Composite Object)......................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 106 .......................................

3.26. Cac lin kt (Link)................................................................. Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 107 ....................................... 3.27. Lc Use Case (Use Case Diagram).................................. Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 108 ....................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 109 .......................................

3.29. Cac thanh phn chnh............................................................. 3.29.1. Cac Use case ..................................................................

3.29.2. Cac tac nhn (Actors)....................................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... Hthng kyhiu (UML Notation) 110...............................................

3.30. Cac quan htrn Use case ............................................................ Chng 3 HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 111............................

3.31. Cac quan htrn actor............................................................. Chng 3 ....................................................................................


11/171



HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 112 ....................................... 3.32. Lc tun t(Sequence Diagram)........................................

Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KY HIU (UML Notation) 113....................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 114 ....................................... 3.33. Cac thanh phn chnh.............................................................

3.33.1. Vic tao vahuy mt i tng.................................................. Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 115 .......................................

3.34. Thng ip khng ng bvaqui ............................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 116 .......................................

3.35. Thi gian chuyn thng ip trong lc tun t ...........................10 Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 117 .......................................

3.36. Lc cng tac (Collaboration Diagram)................................ Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 118 .......................................

3.37. Cac thanh phn chnh............................................................. 3.37.1. Cac i tng.................................................................... 3.37.2. Cac lin kt .......................................................................

Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 119 ....................................... 3.38. Thng ip vacac kch thch ...................................................

Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 120 .......................................

3.39. Cuphap t tn nhan.................................................................. Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 121 .......................................

3.40. Lc trang thai (Statechart Diagram).................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 122 .......................................

3.41. Cac thanh phn chnh............................................................. 3.41.1. Trang thai (state) ..............................................................

Chng 3.................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 123 .......................................


12/171




3.42. Trang thai ghep (Composite state)............................................ Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 125 .......................................

3.42. Skin (event)..................................................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 126 .......................................

3.43. Cac chuyn i trang thai n gian (simple transitions) .................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 127 .......................................

3.44. Cac chuyn i trang thai phc tap (complex transitions).................. 3.43.1. History Indicator........................................................

Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 128 ....................................... 3.45. Cac trang thai ng b(synch states) ...........................................


3.46. Lc hoat ng (Activity Diagram)...................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 130 .......................................

3.47. Cac thanh phn chnh............................................................. 3.46.1. Cac trang thai hanh ng (action state)................................... 3.46.2. Cac quyt nh (decisions)...............................................

Chng 3.................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 131 .......................................

3.48. Swimlanes vai tng trong lc hoat ng..............................120 Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 132 .......................................

3.49. Cac biu tng iu khin............................................................

Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 133 ....................................... 3.50. Lc thanh phn (Component Diagram)................................


3.51. Cac thanh phn chnh............................................................. Chng 3 ....................................................................................


13/171



HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 135 ....................................... Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 136 .......................................

3.52. Lc trin khai (Deployment Diagram) .............................. Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 137 ....................................... 3.53. Tom tt................................................................................ Chng 3 .................................................................................... HTHNG KYHIU (UML Notation) 138 .......................................

3.54. Tom tt................................................................................ Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 139 ....................................................................................

4.1. Gii thiu ...............................................................................

4.2. Gii thiu Rational Unified Process (RUP) .............................. 4.2.1. Khai quat vRUP................................................................ Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 140 ....................................................................................

4.3. Gii thiu Rational Unified Process (RUP) .............................. Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHN MM 141 ....................................................................................

4.4 Gii thiu Rational Unified Process (RUP) ............................... 4.4.1. Kin truc cua RUP...............................................................

Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 142 .................................................................................... 4.5 Gii thiu Rational Unified Process (RUP)..............................

Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 143 ....................................................................................

4.6. Gii thiu Rational Unified Process (RUP) .............................. 4.6.1. Cu truc tnh cua quy trnh...................................................

Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHN

MM 144.................................................................................... 4.7. Gii thiu Rational Unified Process (RUP) .............................. 4.7.1. Cac c im phn bit cua RUP so vi cac quy trnh phat trin phnmm khac.................................................................................


4.8. RUP tp trung vao kin truc phn mm..............................................1


14/171




4.9. RUP laquy trnh lp vatng trng tng bc...................................13 Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 147 ....................................................................................

4.10. ng dung UML trong RUP .................................................. Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 148 ....................................................................................

4.11. M hnh hoa nghip vu(business modeling)................................. 4.11.1. M hnh nghip vu(Business Use Case)................................


4.12. ng dung UML trong RUP ..................................................

Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 150 .................................................................................... 4.13. M hnh i tng nghip vu(Business Object).............................


4.13. Xac nh yu cu (requirements)............................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 152 .................................................................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 153 .................................................................................... 4.14. Phn tch (analysis)........................................................ Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 154 .................................................................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 155 .................................................................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 156 ....................................................................................

4.15. Thit k(design) ................................................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHN MM 155 .................................................................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 155 ....................................................................................

4.16. Cai t (implementation)......................................................


15/171




4.16. Kim chng (test).................................................................. Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 160 ....................................................................................

4.17. Phat trin mt ng dung quan lygiao vutheo RUP...........................14 4.17.1. Gii thiu ng dung............................................................. 4.17.2. S lc yu cu vac im....................................................


4.18. Phat trin ng dung theo cac workflow cua RUP..............................14 4.18.1. M hnh hoa nghip vu(business modeling)............................

Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHN

MM 162 .................................................................................... 4.19. Xac nh yu cu (requirements)............................................... 4.19.1. Phn loai ngi sdung (actor) vatm cac chc nng cua hthng(use case) cho mi loai ngi sdung nay.............................................1


4.20. Phn loai cac use case theo u tin ............................................. 4.20.1. Lp su liu m tachi tit cho tng chc nng...........................14

Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 164 .................................................................................... 4.21. Cu truc cac use case bng cach xac nh cac quan hgia...............148 Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 165 ....................................................................................

4.22. Phn tch (analysis)........................................................ 4.22.1. Phn tch kin truc hthng.....................................................


4.23. Phn tch mt use case............................................................. Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 167 ....................................................................................

4.24. Phn tch mt analysis class..................................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 168 ....................................................................................

4.25. Thit k(design) ...................................................................


16/171



4.25.1. Thit kkin truc ng dung..................................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 169 .................................................................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 170 ....................................................................................

4.27. Phat trin mt ng dung quan lygiao vutheo RUP...........................15 Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 171 ....................................................................................

4.28. Thit kmt use case............................................................. Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 172 ....................................................................................

4.28. Thit kmt lp....................................................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHN

MM 173 .................................................................................... 4.28. Phat trin mt ng dung quan lygiao vutheo RUP...........................15 Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 174 ....................................................................................

4.29. Thit kmt hthng con......................................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 175 ....................................................................................

4.30. Cai t (implementation)...................................................... 4.30.1. Kin truc cai t (architectural implementation).................... 4.30.2. Cai t vatch hp hthng.................................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHN

MM 176 .................................................................................... 4.31. Cai t cac hthng con (subsystem).........................................

4.31.1. Cai t cac lp.................................................................... Chng 4 NG DUNG UML TRONG QUY TRNH PHAT TRIN PHNMM 177 ....................................................................................

4.42. Kim chng (test)..................................................................

4.42.1. Lp khoach kim chng....................................................... 4.42.2. Thit kcac quy trnh kim chng (test case).............................1 4.42.3. Thc hin kim chng...........................................................


4.43. Tom tt.............................................................................. Chng 5 ....................................................................................


17/171



TNG KT 179.............................................................................. 5.1. Kt lun.................................................................................

Chng 5 .................................................................................... TNG KT 180..............................................................................

5.2. Hng phat trin........................................................................ Phuluc A...................................................................................... CAC KHAI NIM ............................................................................ Phuluc B ...................................................................................... CAC KYHIU................................................................................ TAI LIU THAM KHAO ....................................................................


18/171




19/171



LI CAM NChung em xin chn thanh cam n Khoa Cng NghThng Tin, trng

ai Hoc Khoa Hoc TNhin, TpHCM atao iu kin cho chung em thc hintai tt nghip nay. Chung em xin chn thanh cam n Thy Dng Anh cvaThy L nh Duy atn tnh hng dn, ch bao chung em trong sut thigian thc hin tai. Chung em cung xin chn thanh cam n quyThy C trongKhoa atn tnh giang day, trang b cho chung em nhng kin thc cn thit

trong sut quatrnh hoc tp tai trng, vacung xin gi long bit n su sc nba, me, cac anh ch vaban beaung h, giup vang vin chung em trongnhng luc khokhn cung nh trong sut nhng nm hoc va qua. Mc duac gng hoan thanh lun vn vi tt casnlc cua ban thn, nhng lun vn chcchn khng tranh khoi nhng thiu sot nht nh, knh mong scam thng va tn tnh ch bao cua quyThy C.

Nhom thc hin Trung Nam&Quang Vu .


20/171



LI MUNgay nay, cng nghthng tin avaang ong vai troquan trong trong

i sng kinh t, xahi cua nhiu quc gia trn thgii, lamt phn khng th thiu trong mt xahi ngay cang hin ai hoa. Noi n cng nghthng tin,chung ta khng thkhng nhc n cng nghphn mm, phn mm ong mtvai trocc kyquan trong trong lnh vc cng nghthng tin. Hin nay, vic phattrin cng nghphn mm thanh mt lnh vc kinh tmui nhon lamuc tiu quantm hang u nc ta.Giy, cng nghphn mm avaang tin btng ngay, hang loatnhng kythut, nhng cng nghmi ra i giup cho vic phat trin cac h thng phn mm ngay cang n gian hn. Mt trong nhng lnh vc quan trongvacoanh hng rt ln n sthanh cng cua vic phat trin phn mm lavicm hnh hoa phn mm. Cort nhiu ngn ngm hnh hoa htrcho vic mhnh hoa phn mm, nhng coleni bt nht langn ngUML (UnifiedModeling Language) thang phn mm Rational. UML khng ngng c phattrin vangay cang c sdung rng rai trn thgii, a s cac cng cuhtr phat trin phn mm hin nay u cohtrngn ngUML. Do vy, chung emau t nghin cu tai Nghin cu ngn ng UML vang dung nhmnm bt mt ngn nghiu quatrong vic m hnh hoa phn mm, cung nh co thtm hiu vasdung mt sCASE tool htrcho vic phat trin phn mm.

Vi tai nay, chung em athnghim ng dung UML trong vic mhnh hoa phn mm quan lygiao vuai hoc n gian, trin khai theo qui trnhphat trin phn mm Rational Unified Process cua hang Rational vabc u a at c mt skt quakhaquan.

Muc ch cua tai langhin cu lythuyt vngn ngUML (UnifiedModeling Language) vang dung cua UML trong qui trnh phat trin phn mmRUP (Rational Unified Process). Trong khun khtai nay, lun vn chungem c trnh bay trong nm chng chuyu tp trung trnh bay vhthngngngha, kyhiu cua ngn ngUML vang dung cua UML trong qui trnhphat trin phn mm. Lun vn conm chng chnh, bao gm:

Chng 1 Tng quan


21/171



Gii thiu tng quan vtai, muc ch nghin cu, pham vi nghin cu, giithiu tng quan vngn ngUML : khai nim, cac c im, li ch, nguynnhn phat trin, lch sphat trin cua ngn ngUML...

Chng 2 Hthng ngngha (UML Semantics)Trnh bay phn kin truc cua ngn ngUML da trn lp metamodel, chuyu la cac thanh phn nn tang cua UML, cac thanh thanh vi (Behavioral ElementsvaModel Management.

Chng 3 Hthng kyhiu (UML Notation)Chng nay trnh bay hthng cac loai lc vahthng cac kyhiu c s dung trong UML m hnh hoa hthng.

Chng 4 ng dung cua UMLTrnh bay vng dung cua UML trong qui trnh phat trin phn mm RUP(Rational Unified Process), trong chng nay cung trnh bay vqui trnh phat

trin phn mm RUP vamt v duphn tch hthng sdung ngn ng UMLtheo qui trnh RUP.

Chng 5 Tng ktLachng cui cua tai, tng kt lai nhng kt quaat c vahng phattrin trong tng lai.


22/171



MT STVIT TTCASE Tool Computer Aided Software Engineering ToolOCL Object Constraint LanguageOMG Object Management GroupOMT Object Modeling TechniqueOOSE Object-Oriented Software EngineeringRUP Rational Unified Process

UML Unified Modeling Language


23/171


24/171



Chng 1TNG QUAN 21.2. Gii thiu UML

Theo mt bai bao cua mt nhakhoa hoc ni ting trong lnh vc cngnghthng tin Sinan Si Alhir vi ta Tri thc nhn tquyt nh cua sthanh cng !, bai bao vit Tri thc lasc manh y lacu noi cua mt nha trit gia ni ting FrancisBacon. Ngay nay, trn th trng toan cu vanhtlatrong lnh vc cng nghthng tin -ni mascanh tranh trnn rt phbinvaquyt lit, tri thc vakhanng ap dung chung vao trong cng vic mt cachhiu quase mang lai cho chung ta mt li thquan trong vao loai bc nht.Chnh iu nay adn ti mt cu hoi -lam thnao mt tchc cothnm bt,truyn at, trao i, vanng cao tri thc cua mnh at c li thcanh tranhtrn th trng ? Colecu trali chnh langn ngUML thang phn mmRational vatchc OMG (Object Management Group). Vy UML lag, tai saonolai c gii thiu n tng n nh th?

UML -Unified Modeling Language tam dch langn ngm hnh hp nht, noc hiu nh lamt ngn ngthng nht nhng xu hng vahnh thaicua cuc cach mang tri thc trong lnh vc thng tin. Nolamt phng tingiup cho cac tchc cothnhn thc mt cach tt nht li thcanh tranh thngqua vic nm bt, truyn at, trao i vanng cao tri thc trong lnh vc cngnghphn mm. Chnh xac hn UML lamt ngn ngm hnh hoa dung cta, trc quan hoa, xy dng valam su liu cho cac hthng phn mm..._ Unified (hp nht) UML c a ra ln u tin bi hang Rational vabachuyn gia vphng phap lun hang u trong lnh vc hthng thng tin/ ky thut cng nghGrady Booch, James.


25/171


26/171



Chng 1TNG QUAN 41.4. Tm quan trong cua vic m hnh hoa

M hnh lag ? ochnh lasn gian hoa cua thgii thc.Hnh 1-2 Ki n truc mt ngi nha _ Vic phat trin mt m hnh cho mt hthng trong cng nghphn mmcung cn thit nh lavic lp mt bang thit kcho mt toa nhaln._ Nhng m hnh tt giup cho vic phi hp gia cac nhom phat trin tt hn._ Chung ta cn xy dng m hnh cho nhng hthng phc tap bi v chung takhng thhiu c toan bhthng trong mt mi trng rng ln nh th,khi sphc tap cua hthng cang tng, th nocung oi hoi kythut m hnh hoatt hn. Vic xy dng m hnh giup chung ta hiu rohn vhthng machungta ang xy dng._ M hnh cung cp cho chung ta mt khun mu vthgii thc, giup chung tacothnh hng trong qua trnh xy dng, cothtnh toan cac chi ph, xacnh cac rui ro, lam su liu cho hthng..._ Trong cac nhn tquyt nh n sthanh cng cua dan, nhn tcn thit la mt m hnh chun, c tay u, chi tit vthgii thc._ Trong mt hthng maphc tap cang tng, vic trc quan hoa vam hnhhoa cang cn thit. Ngn ngUML lamt sla chon hoan hao vatrn thc t nocung ac sdung vac chp nhn rng rai trn thgii.


27/171



Chng 1TNG QUAN 5

1.5. Xu hng phat trin trong nganh cng nghphn mm Phat trin vpham vi, qui m, cht lng vatng hoa trong qua trnh phattrin phn mm_ V giatr cua nhng phn mm chin lc tng ln nhiu cng ty, nganhcng nghip nay avaang tm kim nhng kythut co thtng san xut

ra cac san phm phn mm._ Tm kim cac kythut cng nghmi cothnng cao cht lng, giam gia thanh vagiam thi gian a san phm ra th trng, nhng kythut obao gmcomponent technology, visual programming, patterns, framewori racon conhng kythut dung quan lynhng dan ln ngay cang tng vphamvi vaqui m._ phc tap cua cng vic, cua cac bai toan ngay cang tng, vatuy thuc vaolnh vc ng dung cung nh cac cng oan trong tin trnh phat trin phn mm._ Mt trong nhng ng c chnh cua nhng nhaphat trin UML latao ra mtbcac ngngha vakyhiu nhm phuc vucho nhng dan cokin truc phctap trn nhng pham vi valnh vc ng dung khac nhau.


28/171


29/171


30/171



Chng 1TNG QUAN 81.8. UML c lp vi ngn nglp trnh vaqui trnh phat trin phn mm

UML lamt ngn ngm hnh hoa chun nhng khng phai lamt quitrnh phat trin phn mm chun. Mc duUML phai c ap dung trong phamvi mt qui trnh cuth, cac qui trnh phat trin nay thng khac nhau cac t chc phat trin phn mm, cac vn thuc cac lnh vc khac nhau. Do o,cac nhaphat trin UML acgng tp trung vao nh ngha mt m hnh mcsiu (meta)thng nht cac khai nim vngngha vakyhiu, co thhtr cho nhiu ngn nglp trnh vaqui trnh phat trin phn mm khac nhau.

Chng 1TNG QUAN 9

1.9. UML langn ngm hnh hoa a dung (general purposUML tng hp cac khai nim cua Booch, OMT vaOOSE tao thanh mt

ngn ngm hnh hoa chung vacothsdung rng rai cho nhng ngi trcy aquen vi ba phng phap trn hay cac phng phap khac. Ngoai ra,UML mrng pham vi m hnh hoa cua cac phng phap hin covacoth mhnh hoa y ucac hthng ng thi hay phn tan.

UML langn ngcothc sdung cho nhiu muc ch khac nhau.UML cung cp c chcho vic tchc vaphn loai tri thc theo ngcanh cuavn cn giai quyt. Cac tri thc nay c nm bt y ubi m hnh baogm nhiu thanh phn vac thhin qua tp cac lc khac nhau colin h cht chevi nhau. Hn na, mi lc nm bt vn nhng kha canh khacnhau qua cac khai nim, cu truc, cac thanh phn m hnh thhin nhng ng ngha vatri thc khac nhau. Cac lc nay m tani dung giao tip gia cac


31/171



thanh vin trong qui trnh phat trin phn mm vac tch hp vi nhau taonn tri thc m tahthng, nhng vn cung nh cach thc thc hin giaiquyt chung.

UML c ap dung rng rai, cothm hnh hoa nhiu loai hthng khacnhau UML cothc ap dung trn nhiu pham vi nhiu lnh vc khac nhau,cac hthng khac nhau kcacac hthng khng phai phn mm. UML coth m hnh hoa nhiu loai hthng khac nhau nh : hthng quan lythng tin, h thng thi gian thc, hthng xlyphn tan, cac phn mm hthng, hiuhanh, c sdliu...

Chng 1TNG QUAN 101.10. UML c htrbi cac cng ty, cng cuphat trin phn mm

Nhiu nhaphat trin cng cu, tham gia hay khng tham gia vao UMLPartner Consortium htrUML nhm muc ch thuc y vic sdung UMLtrong tchc. Nhn thy c li ch cua UML, cac nhaphat trin axy dng

cac cng cuhtrUML ddang nm bt vaxlycac tri thc cho muc chcua mnh.1.10.1. UML lamt chun cng nghi p

UML khng lamt ngn ngc quyn mang tnh cht khep kn mahoantoan cokhanng mrng. UML cothc iu chnh nhm ap ngyu cu ring cua mt tchc phat trin phn mm.1.10.2. Cac li ch cua UML

Cothm hnh hoa nhiu loai hthng, cothdung trong nhng phakhac nhau cua qui trnh phat trin phn mm.

UML lasthng nht cac khai nim m hnh hoa nn tang cua nhng nhanghin cu vaphat trin cng nghhng i tng. UML cung cp mt stnhnng sau_ y ungngha vakyhiu giai quyt trc tip vakinh tcac vn hintai trong m hnh hoa.


32/171



_ y ungngha giai quyt mt skhokhn tng lai trong m hnh hac bit lin quan n cng nghcomponent, xlyphn tan, framework va executability._ C chmrng metamodel cho m hnh hoa cac ng dung c bit. C ch nay cung khin cho cac hng tip cn m hnh hoa tng lai cothphat trinda trn nn tang UML._ y ungngha ddang chuyn i m hnh gia cac cng cuhtr phn tch thit kkhac nhau cung nh nh rogiao tip vi cac repository lutrvachia xecac thanh phn m hnh.

Chng 1TNG QUAN 111.11. i vi ngi sdung UML

Cung cp mt ngn ngm hnh hoa trc quan mang tnh din at cao phat trin vatrao i gia cac m hnh. Mt ngn ngm hnh hoa noi chungc cu truc da trn cac thanh phn c ban nht mc meta-meta. Nu cu

truc nay thay i theo mt tp cac khai nim m hnh hoa khac nhau theo cacphng phap khac nhau th vic chuyn i gia cac m hnh sekhng tranhkhoi mt mat thng tin. khc phuc vn nay, UML atp hp cac khainim m hnh hoa ct loi (core modeling concepts) c sdung trong nhiuphng phap vacng cum hnh hoa khac nhau. Cac khai nim nay cothh trcho pham vi ln cac ng dung. Ngoai ra, cac khai nim m hnh hoa mcthp hn vacuthhn cho vic giao tip cung c nh ngha cho ngi s dung m hnh hoa mt hthng cuth.1.11.1. UML cung c p c chmrng vac bit hoa mrng cac khai nim ct lo i.

Da trn nhng khai nim ac nh ngha nay, OMG mong i UML khanng bin i ap ng cac yu cu mi cua nhng pham vi ngdung c bit. Cac nhaphat trin UML khng mun rng mi khi cothay i thcac khai nim ct loi phai c nh ngha lai. V vy, hotin rng vic a ra c chmrng cho UML sehtrnhng xu hng phat trin mi. Ngi sdungcothkhai thac cac tnh nng sau cua UML


33/171



_ Xy dng m hnh bng cach sdung nhng thanh phn c ban a c nhngha khng sdung c chmrng cho hu ht cac ng dung thng thng._ Thm cac khai nim vakyhiu mi cho nhng vng mc khng giai quytc vi cac khai nim c ban._ c bit hoa cac khai nim, kyhiu varang buc cho mt pham vi ng dung(application domain) cuth.

Chng 1TNG QUAN 121.12. UML y manh tai sdung trong nn cng nghphn mm.

Tai sdung lamt trong nhng vn c quan tm hang u trongcng nghphn mm. Nguyn tc cua tai sdung lada trn cac thanh phnhin coac kim chng vcht lng vach xy dng cac thanh phn mikhi thc scn thit. iu nay khng nhng giup ng u vi mc phctap ngay cang cao cua ng dung macon giam chi ph, giam thi gian phat trinvatng khanng canh tranh cua nhaphat trin phn mm. UML cho phep tai s

dung hiu quacac thanh phn cua mt hthng v c xy dng trn nn tanghng i tng. Ngoai ra, UML con htrcac khai nim phat trin phn mmmc cao nh collabarations, frameworks, patterns vacomponents. Ngnghacua chung c nh ngha rt rorang vaiu nay giup at c nhng giatrthc sy ucua hng i tng vatai s dung.


34/171



Chng 1TNG QUAN 131.13. So sanh vi cac phng phap khac

UML khng hoan toan tach bit khoi ba phng phap c ban laBooch,OMT(Object Modeling Technique ), OOSE (Object-Oriented Software Engineering) manotng h p nh ng tinh hoa cua caba phng pha p trn. V vy nu trc y ban tng langi sdung cac phng phap Booch, OMT,OOSE th nhng kin thc, kinh nghim, cac cng cuvn con cogiatr sdung.UML cothm tahthng mt cach rorang vathng nht hn so vi cacphng phap Booch, OMT, OOSE vacac ngn ngkhac. iu nay co ngharng vic chuyn qua dung UML semang n cho ngi sdung mt ga trnht nh nao o, bi v nocho phep ban lp m hnh moi cng vic trong dan,iu matrc y cha congn ngnao lam c.

Nhng ngi trc y atng dung cac phng thc vacac ngn ngm hnh hoa khac secoc li ch khi chuyn qua sdung ngn ngUML, no giup cho holoai bonhng khac bit khng cn thit vngngha vakythutthng xay ra hu ht nhng ngn ng, nhng phng phap acp trn.UML cohthng kyhiu rt rorang, mang tnh thng nht cao, c htrbinhiu cng cuphat trin phn mm. ng thi, trn mt cng cucohtr UML, ngi dung cothchuyn i cac m hnh hin tai cua ho sang UML ma khng smt i thng tin nao.

i vi nhng ngi abit n mt phng phap hng i tng trco, secothhoc UML trong mt thi gian khangn cothat c mt

trnh tng ng so vi phng phap mahoabit trc y.


35/171


36/171



_ Ngn ngm tarang buc Object Constraint Language c UML sdung c tangngha vac xem langn ngm tatrong quatrnh m hnh hoa.OCL congun gc tphng phap Syntropy vachu anh hng bi mt s ngn ngcung loai trong cac phap khac nh Catalysis nhng c chun hoa vamrng hn.

Chng 1TNG QUAN 15

1.15. Lch sphat trinUML c phat trin bi hang Rational vanhng i tac. c bt u

phat trin vao thang 10 nm 1994, khi Grady Booch vaJim Rumbaugh bt ucng vic hp nht hai phng phap Booch vaOMT.Hnh 1-4 Lch sphat trin cua UML

Chng 1TNG QUAN 16

Ban phac thao cua phin ban 0.8 c a ra vao thang 10 nm 1995 vi

tn ban u laUnified Method. Vao mua thu nm 1995, Ivar Jacobson ccng ty cua ng aquyt nh phi hp vi hang Rational, bng nlc kt hpthm phng phap OOSE, tip tuc phat trin Unified Method.

Vi nhng nlc cua Booch, Rumbaugh, vaJacobson aa ra phinban 0.9 va0.91 vao thang 6 vathang 10 nm 1996 vi tn laUML. Trong sutnm 1996, nhom tac giacua UML anhn c rt nhiu sphan hi tphangi sdung vacac chuyn gia trong lnh vc, houc kt vabsung t nhng


37/171



ykin nay, nhng rorang cn phai cosquan tm nhiu hn na tpha ngisdung. Ty UML c squan tm nhiu hn tcac tchc, cac cng typhn mm ln, vavi scng tac cua nhng cng ty hang u nh DigitalEquipment, HP, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle... phin ban UML 1.0 trthanh mtngn ngm hnh hoa c nh ngha tt hn, rorang, dhiu, manh hn va cokhanng ng dung rng rai.Phin ban UML 1.1 lasphat trin vmt ngngha cua phin ban 1.0ng thi cung tch hp thm nhng ong gop cua nhng nhacng tac mi.UML ln u tin c trnh ln tchc OMG vao thang 1/1997 valn cuivao thang 9/1997 trc khi c a vao danh sach nhng kythut c thanhn cua OMG vao thang 11/1997. Kty OMG chu trach nhim cho s phat trin cua UML trong tng lai. Sau khi c tha nhn vao thang 11/1997,OMG chu trach nhim kim tra vaphan hi nhng kin ngh tpha cac i tac

sdung, ng thi tchc OMG cung chu trach nhim xlycac li kythut,nhng im bt tng ng, nhng im con m hvanhng thiu sot nhoma khng cn phai s i nhiu so vi ban thao ban u. Kty UML c avao sdung rng rai vac cai tin khng ngng, phin ban UML 1.3 alphac gii thiu vao thang 3/1999 vasau ophin ban UML 1.3 chnh thc cgii thiu vao thanh 6/1999. Vaphn kin thc lythuyt vUML machung emtrnh bay trong bao cao nay da trn phin ban mi nht hin nay laUML 1.3.

Chng 1TNG QUAN 17

1.17. Kin truc tng quan cua UML1.17.1. Kin truc cua UML

UML c nh ngha trn mt c cu quan nim sdung cho vic mhnh hoa, bao gm bn mc tru tng sau_ Lp meta-metamodel bao gm cac thanh phn c ban nht._ Lp metamodel gm tt canhng thanh phn tao nn UML bao gm cacackhai nim trong cac m hnh hng i tng vathanh phn.


38/171



_ Lp model bao gm cac m hnh UML. y lalp dung cho vic m hnh hoacac bai toan, cac hthng vagiai phap._ Lp user model bao gm cac thanh phn minh hoa cho UML model.Hnh 1-5 Ki n truc tng quan cua UML

Chng 1TNG QUAN 181.18. Cac m hnh

Cac m hnh xet vtnh nm bt mt sc im vahanh vi cua h thng xet vng nm bt nhng c im cua hthng, vc ban chunglu trcac tri thc vmt ngngha.1.18.1. Cu truc View

Chung ta khng thm hnh hoa mt hthng phc tap ch bng mt mhnh hay mt lc , hthng phai c phn tch di nhng goc khacnhau : cac yu cu chc nng, phi chc nng, cach tchc hthng... V vy cothm hnh hoa hthng mt cach chi tit, UML a ra nh ngha vcutruc View, mi View (thhin) lamt thhin cua hthng c m hnh hoa,mi View coth bao gm nhiu loai lc khac nhau. UML cung cp cu trucView theo vic m hnh nhng bai toan vanhng giai phap, bao gmHnh 1-6 C u truc Viiew trong UML_ User model View hay con goi laUse Case View hoc Scenario View th hin cac vn vacac giai phap lin quan n chc nng tng quat cua h thng._ Structural model View -hay con goi laStatic hoc Logical View -thhin cacvn lin quan n cu truc thit kcua hthng.

_ Behavioral model View hay con goi laDynamic, Process, Concurrent, hcCollaboration View thhin cac vn lin quan n vic xlygiao tip va ng btrong hthng._ Implementation model View -hay con goi laComponent View thhin cacvn lin quan n vic tchc cac thanh phn trong hthng._ Environment model View hay con goi laDeployment View thhin cacvn lin quan n vic trin khai hthng.


39/171



_ Vamt smodel View khac cothc nh ngha vasdung khi cn thit.

Chng 1TNG QUAN 191.19. Nhng lc Hnh 1-7 Nhng lc trong UML

Chng 1TNG QUAN 20Cac lc miu tacac tri thc vmt cuphap, c tchc xung quanh

cu truc View :

_ User model View+ Lc Use Case (Use case diagram) m tacac chc nng cua h thng._ Structural model View

+ Lc lp (Class Diagram) m tacu truc tnh cua hthng, th hin cac phn hthng xlyc.

+ Lc i tng (Object Diagram) m tacu truc tnh cua hthngtai mt thi im xac nh, nocothc xemnh mt thhin cua lc lp._ Behavioral model View

+ Lc tun t(Sepuence Diagram) m tastng tac gia cacthanh phn trong hthng tun ttheo thi gian.

+ Lc cng tac (Collaboration Diagram) m tastng tac cua cacthanh phn theo thi gian vacakhng gian.

+ Lc trang thai (State Diagram) m tatrang thai vashi ap giacac thanh phn trong hthng, bsung cho


40/171



lc lp.+ Lc hoat ng (Activity Diagram) m tahoat ng cua cac thanh

phn trong hthng._ Implementation model View

+ Lc thanh phn (Component Diagram) m tatchc cua cacthanh phn thc thi trong hthng._ Environment model View

+ Lc trin khai (Deployment Diagram) m tacu hnh cua cacthanh phn mi trng masxp t cua cac thanh phn hthng thc thi trno.

Chng 1TNG QUAN 21Vamt slc khac cothc nh ngha vasdung khi cn thit.


41/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 222.1. Gii thiu

UML bao gm UML metamodel vaUML model. UML metamodel chc nng nh ngha cac thanh tvacuphap UML. UML model m takyhiucac thanh tvacac lc da trn UML metamodel.UML metamodel bao gm cac thanh tvamt squy tc vcuphap.Ngoai vic thanh tUML mang mt yngha xac nh, cuphap UML con m ta cach lin kt nhng thanh tnao vi nhau tao ra yngha g. goc mhnh hoa, cac thanh tUML cothphn chia lam ba loai lacac thanh tm hnhhoa tnh, cac thanh tm hnh hoa tng tac vacac thanh tquan h cochcnng lin kt gia hai thanh ttrn vi nhau. UML metamodel givai trohngdn ngi sdung UML vcuphap trong m hnh hoa. Ngoai ra, UML

metamodel con c sdung bi cac nhaphat trin CASE tool m hnh hoadliu cho mt CASE tool htrUML. M hnh dliu nay sdung lai nhngha thanh tUML thit kcac lp c ban vabsung thm cac lp mi tuytheo chc nng CASE tool cung cp cho ngi sdung. UML model labiudin kyhiu cua cac thanh tUML ng thi cung cp cho ngi sdung caclc UML cuthm hnh hoa cung nh lam ngn nggiao tip gia cacthanh vin cua nhom trong quatrnh phat trin phn mm. Noi cach khac, caclc trong UML model lathhin cua cac cuphap tng ng trong UMLmetamodel. UML metamodel c chia thanh nhiu goi thanh phn (package)da trn yngha cua cuphap c m ta. Mi goi nh ngha cac thanh tkhacnhau vam tamt nhom cuphap da trn cac thanh tnay. Trong mi goi lai co thbao gm cac goi con. Vic phn chia nay giup cho nh ngha cua UMLmetamodel rorang hn, ch quan tm n cac thanh ttrong goi valoai bocacthanh tkhng cn thit vt ra khoi pham vi ngngha cn m ta cua goi. Goic biu din nh sauHnh 2-1 Kyhiu package


42/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 232.2 Tng quan vcac loai quan hgia cac thanh t

Trong quatrnh nh ngha thanh tcn phai m tacac mi lin hgiathanh tnay vi cac thanh tkhac nn UML sdung mt tp hp cac quan h.Mi quan hcomt yngha xac nh. Cac quan hnay bao gm quan htngquat hoa (generalization), quan hkt hp (association), quan hphuthuc(dependency).

Mi thanh tu congngha ring. biu din thanh tvaquan h gia cac thanh t, UML sdung cac kyhiu ring. Mt thanh tcokyhiu nh sauTn thanh tCac thuc tnhHnh 2-2 Kyhiu thanh t Phn sau trnh bay s lc cac loai quan h. Chi tit vcac loai quan hgia cac thanh tc trnh bay trong chng 3 phn 3.5.2.4.3.


43/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 242.3. Quan htng quat hoa (generalization)

Generalization laquan hgia mt thanh ttng quat hn vamt thanh t c bit hn. Thanh tc bit hn cha y ucac c im cua thanh ttngquat hn vangoai ra con conhng thng tin ring. Quan htng quat hoa coky hiu nh sau:Thanh tBThanh tAHnh 2-3 V duvquan htng quat hoa2.3.1. Quan hkt h p (association) Quan hkt hp thhin lin hvmt ngngha gia hai thanh t. Ngha la thanh tnay cosdung hay nhn bit cac thng tin cua thanh tkia.Association cothbao gm hai loai con laquan hngngha thng thng(association)vaquan htoan th- bphn (aggregation). Quan hngnghathng thng Hoc phn mSinh vin0..*ng ky0..*multiplicity association (quan hkt hp) Mt sinh vin ng kynhiu hoc phnm. Mt hoc phn mco thc ng kybi nhiu sinh vin.Hnh 2-4 V duvquan hk t hp (associiatiion)


44/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 252.5. Quan hphuthuc (dependency)

Dpendency thhin sphuthuc chc nng cua mt hay nhiu thanh t nhn vao mt hay nhiu thanh tcho. Dependency kem chi tit v mc ng

ngha hn quan hkt hp vathng sdung m tasphuthuc ln nhaugia cac goi.Tn goi nhnTn goi choDependency Dependency m ta phuthuc gia goi nhn vao goi cho.Hnh 2-6 V ducua quan h phuthuc (Dependency)Quan htoan th bphn: thanh tnay cha thanh tkia theongha vt ly.SliderHeaderPanelWindow 2 1+ScrollBar 1 1 +WindowTittle 1 1+WindowClientquan htoan th-bphn (aggregation) tn tham chiu (name)Hnh 2-5 V duvquan htoan th-b phn (aggregatiion)


45/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 262.6. Tng quan vcac thanh tvacu truc UML metamode2.6.1. Phn loai thanh ttrong UML metamodel

goc nh ngha, cac thanh ttrong UML cothc chia lam hailoai lathanh ttru tng vathanh tcuth. Cac thanh ttru tng co tnhtng quat cao gichc nng tham gia vao nh ngha cac thanh tkhac. Cacthanh tcuththng coquan htng quat hoa qua nhiu tng vi cac thanh t tru tng, ngoai ra con cocac quan hkt hp (association) vi cac thanh t khac. Ch cac thanh tcuthmi cokyhiu trong UML model vac sdungtrong m hnh hoa.2.6.2. Cu truc UML metamodel

UML metamodel bao gm ba goi (package) chnh nh sauHnh 2-7 Cac package chnh cua UML

Goi nn tang (Foundation) lagoi bao gm phn ln cac thanh ttrutng vamt sthanh tcuthmang tnh cht ct loi. Cac thanh ttrong goinay c sdung bi hai goi thanh thanh vi (BehavioralElements) vaquan trm hnh (ModelManagement).

BehavioralElements lagoi nh ngha cac thanh tsdung cho vic m ta quatrnh vn ng cua mt thanh thay tng tac gia cac thanh ttrong th gii thc.

Model Management lagoi nh ngha cac thanh tcho vic quan lymhnh cua ngi sdung.


46/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 27

2.7. Package Foundation (goi nn tang)Foundation nh ngha nhng thanh tUML c ban. Foundation bao gm

ba goi con lagoi ct loi (Core), goi cac kiu dliu (Data Types) vagoi c chmrng (Extension Mechanism).Hnh 2-8 Goi nn tang cua UML metamodellCore nh ngha nhng thanh tct loi bao gm cacac thanh tquan h vaa slamc tru tng.

Extension Mechanism nh ngha c chmrng cho cac thanh tUMLbsung cac thanh tmi.

Data Types nh ngha cac kiu dliu c sdung trong UMLmetamodel. Cac thuc tnh cua cac thanh ttrong UML meatamodel cokiu d liu thuc vData Types.

2.7.1. Package Core (goi ct lo i) Core bao gm cac thanh tct loi vac m tabi nm m hnh lasn(Backbone), quan h(Relationships), phuthuc (Dependencies), Classifiers bsung (Auxiliary Elements).

Core gii thiu cuphap cho m hnh hoa tnh, khng quan tm n quatrnh vn ng vatng tac gia cac i tng trong thgii thc.


47/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANHTRONG U(UML Semantic) 282.8. M hnh Backbone (sn)

Backbone chuyu nh ngha thanh tClassifier. Classifier lathanh t tru tng ong vai trotng quat hoa trc tip cua phn ln cac thanh t cuth

khac. Ngoai ra, cac thanh tcuthc ban cua UML c nh ngha trong Corbao gm thuc tnh (attribute), phng thc (operation) vacach thc hinphng thc (method), tham s(parameter) varang buc (constraint).

phuc vucho quatrnh nh ngha Classifier, UML a ra cac thanh t tru tng covai trolatng quat hoa (trc tip hay gian tip) cua Classifier. Cacthanh tnay coquan hvi nhau vacoquan hvi Classifier c m tatrongm hnh Backbone bao gm:_ Element (thanh t) : Element lamt thanh ttru tng mc cao nht, tngquat nht trong cac thanh tUML._ ModelElement (thanh tm hnh) : ModelElement lathanh tc nh danhtrong m hnh valatng quat hoa cp cao nht thhai cho cac thanh tkhac sauElement. ModelElement lathanh tc xac nh qua tn (name)._ Namespace (khng gian cac thanh ttham chiu theo tn): Namespace latphp cac thanh tModelElement vi iu kin nh danh cua mt ModelElementtrong mt Namespace laduy nht._ ElementOwnership: ElementOwnership nh ngha tm vc (visibility) cuamt thanh tcha trong khng gian cac thanh t(Namspace).

ElementOwnership quy nh tm vc cua mt thanh tc gii han trongNamespace (ch cothc tham chiu bi cac thanh ttrong Namespace) hayvt khoi Namespace (cothc tham chiu bi cac thanh tngoaiNamespace).


48/171


49/171


50/171



_ Method (m taphng thc) : Method coquan hkt hp vi phng thc(Operation) m tacuthcach thc thc hin mt phng thc bao gm cac quytrnh vacac thut toan. Method cotac ng n kt quacua phng thc._ Parameter (tham s) : Parameter latham scoththay i, gi va nhn. MtParameter cothbao gm tn, kiu dliu vaquan hvi cac thanh tkhacgiao tip vi no. Parameter c sdung trong m taphng thc (Operation),mu (Templates)..._ Constraint (rang buc) : Constraint lacac iu kin vmt ngngha hay cacgii han cho mt thanh t, cothdin tadang vn ban hay mt biu thc logiccua mt ngn ngm tarang buc. Ngoai vic nh ngha thanh trang bucConstraint, UML con nh ngha mt ngn ngcho m tarang buc langn ng rang buc i tng (Object Constraint Language). Gia cac Classifier coquanhtng quat hoa. Do Classifier lathanh ttru tng nn tt cacac thanh t

tha kClassifier u cotnh cht nay.

Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 322.12. M hnh Relationships (cac quan h)

M hnh Relationships nh ngha cac quan hgia cac thanh tUML baogm hai loai quan hc ban laquan htng quat hoa (generalization), quan h kt hp (association).Quan htng quat hoa (generalization) laslin hgia hai thanh tc bithn vatng quat hn. nh ngha quan hkt hp (Association) vaClassifiertham gia vao mi kt hp (Ass ociationEnd).Hnh 2-10 Mhnh Rellatiionshiips2.12.1. Quan htng quat hoa (generalization)

Mt quan htng quat hoa c nh ngha laslin hgia hai thanh t.Thanh tc bit hn goi lathanh tcon (child) vathanh ttng quat hn la thanh tcha (parent). Thanh tcon tham gia vao quan htng quat hoa. Thanhtcha tham gia vao quan htng quat hoa. Hnh 2-11 nh ngha quan htng quat hoa trong mhnh Rellatiionshiips


51/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 332.13. Quan hkt hp (Association)

Quan hkt hp m tanhiu Classifier tham gia vao nhiu mi kt hp(AssociationEnd). Association thng gp laquan hkt hp cohai mi kt hp(AssociationEnd). Mi mi kt hp gn vi mt Classifier. Quan hkt hp mtaslin hvngngha gia cac Classifier. Mt quan hkt hp coti thiuhai mi kt hp (AssociationEnd). Mi mi kt hp colin hvi mt thanh t Class ifier.Hnh 2-12 nh ngha quan hk t hp trong mhnh Rellatiionshiips

Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 342.14. Lp kt hp (AssociationClass)

Tha ktlp vaquan hkt hp, lp kt hp va cotnh cht cua mtlp va cotnh cht cua mt quan hkt hp. Lp ht hp ni mt tp cacclassifier vi nhau vacocac thuc tnh ring c trng cho quan hgia cacclassifier nay. Cng vic -tin lng Nhn s1..* Cng ty 0..* Cng vic lamtassociationclass. Thuc tnh tin lng c trng cho mi quan hgia nhn s vacng ty.Hnh 2-13 V dulp k t hp


52/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 352.15. M hnh Classifiers (cac c bit hoa cua classifiers)

M hnh Classifiers m tacac c bit hoa cua Classifier bao gm cacthanh tlp (Class), giao din (Interface), kiu dliu (DataType), nut (Node)vathanh phn (Component) Component bao gm nhiu thanh ModelElement.Do thanh ttru tng bc cao do Component cung cha cac c ho a cuaModelElement bao gm thanh tang quan tm lavaNode bao nhiuComponent. lacac nut xComponent lathanh ong goi xlyvacp cac dchHnh 2-14 Cac lp c bit cua Cllassiifiiers

Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 362.16. Class (lp)

Class latp hp cac i tng cocung cac thuc tnh, hanh ng vang ngha. Mt Class cothlatru tng (abstract)ngha lakhng cothhin (itng)nao c tao ra trc tip tno. Class lathanh tcuthcobiu din ky hiu trn UML model. Lac bit hoa cua Classifier, Class bao gm cac thuctnh (Attribute), phng thc (Operation) vaMethod. Gia cac Class coquan h tng quat hoa, quan hkt hp.Ktoan vin


53/171


54/171


55/171


56/171


57/171



2.42.1. Package Extension Mechanisms (goi c chmrng)

Khai quat Extension Mechanisms nh ngha cach thc mrng ngn ngUMLbng cach a ra c chbsung cac thanh tvi ngngha mi. Package naynh ngha Stereotypes, Constraint (rang buc) vaTagged Value (the gia trba c chmrng cua UML. UML cung cp c chmrng thm cac thanhtmi cho cac lnh vc c bit maUML chun khng nh ngha. Cac lnh vccn cac khai nim mi cothtnh ngha cac khai nim nay qua c chm rng UML. Vic mrng nay khng n gian lagn tn Stereotypes vao thanht vaquy nh ngngha mi do i khi con cocac rang buc ngngha trongthgii thc. Do ocac stereotype thng cha cac rang buc vacac giatr the.Mi StereoType quy nh loai thanh tModelElement mastereotype nay coth tac ng. Thanh tc tac ng nay lacac thanh ttrong UML metamodel v

dunh Class, Association, Component... Khi gn stereotype vao cac thanh t nay th c thanh tmi tha kthanh tcuvacotn cua stereotype. V du nh Component cocac stereotype ladocument,executable,table. Cac stereotype na y ban cht cu ng la component nhng document lamt thanhphn (component) cha cac su liu, executable lathanh phn cha cac dchvuxlycon table cha cac bang trong mt c sdliu.

Stereotype bao gm rang buc (Constraint), cac thegiatr (Tagged Value)tac ng ln ModelElement vacho kt quatng tnh c bit hoa. Loai thanhtmaStereotype cothap dung c xac nh qua thuc tnhbaseClass, v du nh Class, Association...noi chung latn cac thanh ttrong UMLHnh 2-19 M hnh c ch mrng


2.43. Constraint (rang buc)Lacac rang buc ngngha c gn vi mt thanh tcn mrng ap

t cac iu kin ln thanh tnay vacotac dung thay i hay gii han ng ngha. Thanh tmrng phai thoa man cac rang buc nay am bao schnh


58/171


59/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 452.45. Cac kiu dliu trong Data Types-ActionExpression : biu thc cho kt qualasthi hanh mt Action.- AggregationKind : kiu lit k bao gm cac giatr none,aggregate,composite. Cac giatr na y xac nh loai Association.- ArgListsExpression :biu thc travmt danh sach cac i tng (object).- Boolean : kiu lit k bao gm hai giatr false vatrue.- BooleanExpression : biu thc logic travkiu Boolean.-CallConcurrencyKind : kiu lit k bao gm cac giatrsequential , guarded ,concurrent.- ChangeableKind : kiu lit k quy nh giatr mt AttributeLink hay mtLinkEnd coththay i bao gm cacnone, frozen vaaddOnly.

- Enumeration : nh ngha kiu lit k.-EnumerationLiteral : nh ngha mt giatr thuc mt kiu lit k.- Expression : biu thc travmt kiu thuc package DataType.

Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 46-Integer : kiu nguyn.-IterationExpression : chui travcu truc kim soat lp.-LocationReference : v tr cho vic chen mt use case vao mt use case khac.


60/171



-Mapping : biu thc chuyn i cac ModelElement.-MappingExpression : biu thc travkiu Mapping.-MessageDirectionKind : kiu lit k bao gm cac giatractivation vareturn.-Muliplicity : tp cac snguyn khng m.-MultiplicityRange : min giatr snguyn khng m.-Name : nh danh cho mt ModelElement.-ObjectSetExpression : biu thc travdanh sach cac i tng.-OperationDirectionKind : kiu lit k quy nh mt Operation lac yu cuhay c cung cp bi mt Classifier bao gm cac giatr provide varequire. - ParameterDirectionKind : kiu lit k bao gm cac giatr in,inout, out va return.-Primitive : nh ngha kiu dliu n.-ProcedureExpression : biu thc travmt Procedure.

-ProgrammingLanguageType : kiu dliu trong mt ngn nglp trnh.- PseudostateKind : kiu lit k bao gm cac giatr initial,deepHistory,shallowHistory, join, fork, branch, junction va final .-ScopeKind : kiu lit k bao gm cac giatr classifier va instance.-String : chui vn ban.-Structure : kiu dliu cocu truc.-Time : kiu gi.-TimeExpression : biu thc kiu Time.-UnlimitedInteger : kiu nguyn khng gii han.-Uninterpreted : kiu khng xac nh.-VisibilityKind : kiu lit k bao gm cac giatr public, protected vaprivate.


2.47. Package Behavioural Elementi thanh thanh vi)Behavioral Elements bao gm cac thanh tcung vi cac cuphap cho m

hnh hoa hanh vi vatng tac. BehavioralElements bao gm nm goi laCommon Behavior (hanh vi tng quat), Collaborations (m hnh cng tac), Use


61/171


62/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 492.49. Reception (thanh tnhn tn hiu)

Reception lathanh tnhn tn hiu tmt classifier vagichc nng mtacac tac ng (bng chui vn ban) cua tn hiu n classifier nhn.2.49.1. Signal (tn hiu)

Signal lacac tac tng tac khng ng bgia cac classifier va lathanhtc lp vi cac classifier. Signal c tao ra do cac hanh vi(BehvioralFeature) cua cac classifier nay vagi n cac classifier khac. DoBehavioralFeature lathanh thanh vi tru tng nn tt ca cac thanh thanh vitha kBehavioralFeature nh cac phng thc (operation) u cothtao vagicac signal.

Chng 2NG NGHA VACU PHAP CAC THANH T TRO(UML Semantic) 50

2.50. Exception (li bit l)Tha ksignal, exception latn hiu c gi i khi comt li trong qua

trnh thi hanh mt hanh vi.2.50.1. M hnh Actions (tac ng) Action c m tabng m hnh Actions cua UML metamodel.


63/171



Action lacac ch th thi hanh cogy anh hng n trang thai cua hthng cacc bit hoa cua mt tac ng (Action) ActionSequence lamt tac ng thcbao gm cac tac ng con theo trnh txac nh. Acti on bao gm mt tp is.Hnh 2-23 M hnh nh ngha hanh ng (Actiions)


2.51. Argument (i s)Argument lai scho mt Action, cung cp giatr tham scho mt

Action.2.51.1. Action (tac ng)

Action lacac ch th thi hanh trong mt quy trnh tnh toan coanh hngn trang thai cua hthng. Action bao gm cac c bit hoa sau-AssignmentAction : gan cho thuc tnh mt giatr mi.-CallAction : kch hoat mt hanh ng.-CreateAction : tao thhin cua mt Classifier.-DestroyAction : huy mt i tng-ReturnAction : travgiatr cho i tng goi.-SendAction : gi tn hiu (Signal ).-TerminateAction : hanh ng thuy cua mt i tng.-UninterpretedAction : hanh ng khng xac nh.


64/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 522.52. ActionSequence (tac ng phc)

ActionSequence lamt tac ng cha mt tp cac Action con theo tht xac nh.

2.52.1. M hnh Instances and Links (thhin valin kt) Instance vaLink c nh ngha trong m hnh Instances and LaUML metamodel. Instance nh ngha thhin cua mt classifier, cac thhinnay lin kt vi nhau qua cac Link.

Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 53Lin kt (Link) bao gm nhiu mi lin kt (LinkEnd) Mi lin kt

(LinkEnd) lathhin cua mi kt hp (Association), c xac nh bi mi kthp. Instance lathhin cua Classifier, c xac nh bi Classifier. CacInstance tng tac vi nhau qua cac tac nhn (Stimulus). gn vi cac Link. Lin

kt (Link) lath hin cua quan hkt hp (Association), c xac nh bi quanhkt hp. Cac Instance lin hvi nhau qua cac Link.Hnh 2-24 M hnh cac thc thvacac lin k t cua UML


65/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 542.54. Stimulus (tac nhn)

Stimulus lamt giao tip cuthgia hai instance qua mt lin kt (link)c gi i bi sthi hanh mt Action, cothlamt tn hiu gi n instance

hay vic kch hoat mt phng thc. Hay noi cach khac, cac thhin tng tacvi nhau qua stimulus.2.54.2. AttributeLink (thethuc tnh)

AttributeLink cha tp cac giatr cua Attribute trong mt instance do o thhin trang thai cua instance.2.54.2. LinkEnd (mi lin kt)

LinkEnd lacac mi lin kt cua mt Link. Mi LinkEnd tng ng vimt mi kt hp (AssociationEnd) xac nh LinkEnd. LinkEnd trong Umetamodel lathhin cua AssociationEnd trong UML metamodel. Cac instancelin kt vi nhau qua cac LinkEnd.2.54.3. Link (lin kt)

Link lalin kt gia cac instance. Link tng ng vi mt Association co vai troxac nh Link. Link trong UML metamodel lathhin Association trongUML metamodel. Link ch covai trolin kt cac instance vi nhau, cac tac nggia cac instance thc hin qua cac stimulus. Mt Link cothtng ng vinhiu stimulus.2.54.4. Instance (thhin)

Instance lathhin cua mt Classifier. Instance lamt thc thcocacthng tin vtrang thai vachu tac ng cua cac phng thc (Operation) thayi trang thai. Instance c xac nh cu truc va hanh ng qua Classifier co quan hkt hp vi no. Instance cocac c bit hoa sau-DataValue (giatr dliu): giatr cua mt thuc tnh lathhin cua kiu d liu cua thuc tnh o.-ComponentInstance (thhin thanh phn): thhin cua mt Component.


66/171



-NodeInstance (thhin nut) : thhin cua mt Node.-Object (i tng) : thhin cua mt Class.

Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 552.55. Package Collaborations (goi cng tac)

Collaborations nh ngha thanh tCollaboration vacuphap cho m hnhhoa tng tac gia cac thanh tthi hanh mt tac vucuth. M hnh cng tacm taquan hgia instance valink thng qua cac thng ip (message).Thanh tCollaboration c nh ngha la quatrnh trao i cac thng ip(message) gia cac vai (role) cua cac thanh ttrong Collaboration. Mt thanh t classifier coththam gia vao Collaboration thng qua nhiu vai cua thanh to.

Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 56Classifier tham gia vao Collaboration qua nhiu vai (ClassifierRole). Cac

ClassifierRole trong Collaboration colin hvi nhau qua vai trocac mi linkt (AssociationRole) tng ng vi cac mi kt hp cua Classifier. CacClassifierRo le trong Collaboration tng tac vi nhau qua c chtrao i thngip (message). Mt message xac nh classifier gi vacalssifier nhn. Mtthng ip trong Colaboration tng ng vi mt tac ng tao nn thng ip.Hnh 2-25 M hnh Collllaboratiions trong UML


67/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 572.57. AssociationEndRole (vai cua mi kt hp)

AssociationEndRole lami lin kt cua mt vai Association(AssociationRole) trong Collaboration. Mt Association coththam gia nhiu

vai vao Collaboration nn cung conhiu vai cua mi lin kt tng ng.2.57.1. AssociationRole (vai cua quan hkt h p) Mt Association coth tham gia vao Collaboration qua nhiu

AssociationRole. AssociationRole lamt vai cua Association trongCollaboration.2.57.2. ClassifierRole (vai cua Classifier)

Mt Collaboration bao gm cac ClassifierRole vacac lin kt gia cacClassifierRole nay. Mt Classifier coththam gia vao Collaboration qua nhiuClassifierRole.2.57.3. Collaboration (cng tac)

Collaboration m taquatrnh tng tac gia cac thanh t classifier (quacac ClassifierRole cua no) thc hin mt phng thc (operation). Cacclassifier nay trao i cac thng ip vi nhau theo mt thtxac nh. Mithng ip gy ra mt tac ng ln thanh tclassifier nhn. Collaboration chnhlam tacho c chvn hanh cua mt hthngGiao din sa i thng tin sinh vin : Sinh vin UIXlysa i thng tin sinh vin : Sinh vin Control

Dliu sinh vin : Sinh vin DataXlysa i thng tin sinh vin : Sinh vin Control1: sa i thng tin sinh vin4: chon sinh vin vasa i5: cp nht thng tin asa i2: hin thi cac sinh vin6: cp nht thng tin sinh vin


68/171


69/171



Chng 2NGNGHA VA CUPHAP CAC THANH T(UML Semantic) 592.59. Actor (tac nhn)

Actor latac nhn tac ng ln hthng thng qua cac Use Case cua h thng. Mt Actor coth tng tac vi nhiu Use Case khac nhau.ExtensionPoint lav tr trong mt UseCase cothmrng hanh vi bng cach

chen thm cac hanh vi cho Use Case o.

Chng 2NGNGHA VACUPHAP CAC THANH TTRONG U(UML Semantic) 602.60. Extend (mrng)

Extend nh ngha quan hgia cac Use Case vi yngha mt Use Casenay cothc mrng thm cac hanh vi trong Use Case khac bng cach thmvao m tacua Use Case gc cac biu thc vaiu kin mrng tai nhng v trxac nh trong mt day cac hanh vi cua Use Case.2.60.1. Include (bao gm)

Include nh ngha quan hgia cac Use Case vi yngha UseCase nay s dung cac hanh vi c nh ngha trong UseCase khac.2.60.2. UseCase

UseCase lacac chc nng cua hthng di goc cua ngi sdung.UseCase khng quan tm n cu truc bn trong cu

Documents

LV - Nghien cuu ngon ngu UML va ung dung