RÜZGAR EROZYONU ÖNLEME ÇALIŞMALARI

METEOROLOJİ, TOZ TAŞINIMI, ÇÖLLEŞME VE EROZYONLA MÜCADELE ÇALIŞTAYI

Doç.Dr Mustafa Başaran, Yard. Doç.Dr. A.Uğur Özcan, Araş.Gör. Oğuzhan Uzun, Prof.Dr. Günay Erpul

Erciyes Üniversitesi Seyrani Ziraat Fakültesi, Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü, KayseriKaratekin Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü, ÇankırıAnkara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü, Dışkapı, Ankara

WIND EROSION?

A proces of detechment, transport and deposiation of soil particles.

Transport of upper soil and nutrients Loss of yield potential Internal and external hazards

INTERNAL HAZARDS

Soil losses within wind erosion side

Organic matter and nutrients losses

Degradation of soil physical properties

Yield losses http://www.eoearth.org/article/Geoindicators

EXTERNAL HAZARDS

Air quality deterioration Road close up İrrigation channel pluging Accidents Hazards on electronic

devices Fatal health hazards

(Lung and skin cancer, asthma, infectious desiases)

http://adlib.everysite.co.uk/adlib/defra/content.aspx?doc=110535&id=110536

THE PROCESS

Treshold velocity; Initiates soil transport Transport through creep, splash and suspention Deposition

http://milford.nserl.purdue.edu/weppdocs/overview/wndersn.html

CONTROLLING FACTORS

Vegetation cover Depth of loose soil material Soil moisture content Micro topography Size of wind-exposured site Soil properties (Aggregate grain size

distribution, soil textural chracteristics, organic matter content)

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Create soil roughness Create clody soil surface Decrease wind-exposeure through

wind-breaks Provide and maintain sufficient plant

cover

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Emergency plow: Plowing perpendicular to promininent wind direction to create clods and ridges to provide surface roughness and change wind profile.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Ridge cultivation: Best efficiency at 1:4 ridge height:ridge spacing ratio (Woodruff and Siddoway, 1965). A 50% reduction in wind erosion at ridge height of 6 cm.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Stubbles or plant residues: 500- 700 kg da-1 stubble or hay cover may provide soil moisture preservation and wind deflection over soil surface.

http://www.ahi-ka.org.tr/index.php?page=haber&id=428

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Manure application over soil surface: Another efficient way to preserves soil moisture and wind deflection over the soil surface. Maximum benefit at 2.5-3 ton da-1 implementation.

http://www.amasyadsyb.org/

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Emergency irrigation: High irrigation rates may be beneficial when the wind erosion threathens the newly emerging plants. A special attention must be paid in implementation since irrigation droplets can break up the agregates.

http://aydin.ormansu.gov.tr/Aydin/AnaSayfa/AgmOrkoySubesi/agmAydinFidanlik.aspx?sflang=tr

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Soil surface stabilizers: Implementation of bitimunious and meloses like organic materials to improve adhesion among soil particules may prevent soil erosion. It is a high-cost implementation. Therefore, recommended for high-income crops and plants.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

A soil stabilazor must:

Provide a 100% cover Not have negative impacts of plant growth

and yield. Able either prevent erosion or redeuce the

impatcs of erosion Be easy-to-apply and low-cost (Armbrust

and Lyles, 1975)

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Wind breaks: One of the most efficient means of erosion prevention. Chepil (1957) reported increasing sediment flow rate with the lenthg of wind-exposure and reaches to a maximum value at a certain wind velocity.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Assuming a constant wind direction, a proper wind break may decrease wind eroion by 50%. Such a break may also provide a 50% erosion prevention over 20h size land area (h is the hegith of break).

• Band seeding, plow paralel to counters, plant rotation are also the common method for erosion prevention. Plant strips may preserve soil surface.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

The common phylosopyh of “sperate and manage” may be efficient over bare sites. Breaks are used to seperate a large field into small plots and decrease the risk of erosion.

WHICH METHOD SHOULD BE SELECTED?

Determine the tolarable soil losses for the relavent site (ton/ha/year)

Calculate potentail soil losses (ton/ha / year)

Select the method able to provide tolerable soil losses

POTATIAL SOIL LOSSES

WEQ RWEQ WEPS In-situ measurements

Wind erosion equation summaries the principles for erosion control and prevention (Woodruff and Siddoway (1965);

POTATIAL SOIL LOSSES

),,,,( VLCKIfE Where;E; soil losses (ton ha-1 yıl-1), I ; erosion sensitivity index, K; surface roughness, C; climate factor, L; lenthg of wind exposure V; plant cover factor.

STRATEGY

Basin mangement strategy for erosion-effected sites

Land use planning• Regional problems creating wind erosion (agriculture, grazing, soil

properties; organic material, texture, exchangable sodium percentage)

• Sociao-economical reasons and possible solutions • Training of rural people

Basin-scale wind erosion monitoring and evaluation systems

• Calibrate internally proven models and equations for relavent basin

• Monitoring indicator parameters

Thanks for you patience