Mózes negyedik könyve (Numeri) próbakiadás

8/8/2019 Mózes negyedik könyve (Numeri) próbakiadás

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Öf conmî| “ Iüvh| ghayhmoc cõgyuh (Gxihzo/

Nv >?18)jhg ihafhkhg} ï| >??4)jhg zhuomhîk} tzb}h|}îg| öf ebzmé}î|ö Jojkon khaöfnjj

zhuévoüfîgnc tzüjnconmî|î} }nz}fn chvïjhg n ]o|v}hk} Bkun|ü' N Inaynz Jojkon}îz|xkn} :445)jng chvmh}} `bvvî n zhuévoü hkŞcï|vé}ï|ï`hv+ nv ï|vzhuï}hkhc ayž f}ï|ï`hv' Ixgcîgc ib|} fx}b}}hk nzzn n tbg}zn+ `bay nv hay`îvo jojkonbkun|ü cõvuïkhiïgy hkï }îz`n}fxc n \võuhaabgmbvüJovb}}|îa zhuévoü| ixgcîfîgnc ayûiõkl|ho}+ cõv}ûc Iüvh| ghayhmoc cõgyuï}'

N jojkono |võuha abgmbvî|n |bzîg n cõuh}chvŞ zhuévoü| nknthkuhc`hv oayhchv}ûgc}nz}ngo inaxcn}6 >' Eoayhkhijh uh}}ûc ï| ïz}ïchk}ûc nv >??4 ï| :440 cõvõ}} jhïzchvh}}ï|vzhuï}hkhch} ï| fnun|kn}bcn}' :' Iha céuîg}xc Şzovgo nv öf ebzmé}î|ö Jojkon nkntuh}Ş |võuhaczo}ocno ï| ebzmé}î|o mõg}ï|ho} (n ebziîko| ï| n mogniocx| hcuounkhglon cohayhg|ökybvb}}nkcnkinvî|n/+ n jojkono |võuha }nabkî|î} ï| nv hihkchmh}}+ ino jh|vïk} cõvgyhkuo |vog}h}'Hvhchg n }hzûkh}hchg l|nc nccbz uîk}bv}n}}xgc nv öf ebzmé}î| |võuhaïg+ `n nv} n inoézî|ïz}hkihvï|o ï| ebzmé}î|hkiïkh}o cbg|vhgvx| ihacõuh}hk}h' <' Fnué}b}}xc n ehko|ihz}

gybimnòjîcn}+ ebzmé}î|o }ïuhmï|hch} ï| nzl`nocx| (n ino jh|vïk} gyhkujhg iîz ghi`n|vgîkn}b|/ coehfhvï|hch}' =' Oayhchv}ûgc fnué}ngo n ebzmé}î| hay|ïah||ïaïg+cõuh}chvh}h||ïaïg' 8' ]õzhchm}ûgc n ‗fü inaynz|îaö’ gyhkuo ihabkmî|bczn+ unkniog} nzzn+`bay nv öf jojkono |võuha ehkbkun|un (‗|vü|vïco `n|vgîkn}’/ o| fük `ngabvvïc' Khae Şcïtthgthmoa nv} zhiïkfûc+ `bay n zhuévoü| ixgcn hzhmiïgyhcïg} O|}hg oaïfh iïa ogcîjj ïz}`h}Şhg ï|}o|v}îjjng |vüknk`n} iha inaynz gyhkuhg'

N ib|} cïvjhg }nz}b}} |võuhah} n Inaynz Jojkon}îz|xkn} }nahay`îvnognc òun}nkb|`bgkntfnog+ tme ebziî}xijng fhkhg}h}fûc iha' N uîk}bv}n}b}} uhz|hch} tozb||nk cûkõgjõv}h}}ûciha nv >??4)h| |võuha`hv cïth|} uîk}bvn}kngxk `nayb}} uhz|hc}Şk'

Cõ|võgfûc nv hmmoa cntb}} ï|vzhuï}hkhch}+ ï| nzzn |vhzh}gïgc cïzgo iogmhgco}+ `bay nzhuomhîk} |võuhaahk cntl|bkn}b| uïkhiïgyïuhk jî}zng chzh||hg iha jhggûgch} nv

ogebDjojkon}nz|xkn}'`x h)inok léihg unay khuïkjhg n >>>< Jxmnth|} Jbl|cno ö} <8'tb|}nléihg'

Inaynz Jojkon}îz|xkn}




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IÜVH\ GHA_HMOC CÕG_UH (GXIHZO/

> Ovzîhk |vîijnuï}hkh >Éay jh|vïk} nv ÖZ Iüvh|`hv n \égno)tx|v}îjng+ n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîjng+ n iî|bmoc ïu iî|bmoc

`ügntfîgnc hk|hfïg nvx}îg+ `bay cofõ}}hc Hayot}bijük6:

\vîibkfî}bc õ||vh Ovzîhk eonognchaï|v cõvõ||ïaï}+ gïufhayvïcjh uïuh ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg} hay}Şk hayoaiogmhg eïzeo}+ <`ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|} Ovzîhkjhg. ]h ï| Îzbg uhayï}hc Şch}|vîijn |hzhahoc |vhzog}. =Khayhg |haé}|ïah}hczh }õzv|hgcïg} hay)hay eïzeo+ iogmhayoc haygnayl|nkîm ehfh khayhg' 8Hv n ghuh nvbcgnc n eïzeoncgnc+ ncoc |haé}hgo ebagnc ghc}hc6ZöjhgjŞk Hkélöz+ \hmïöz eon+ 5\oihbgjük \hkxiéïk+ Lözé|nmmnf eon+ 1Fömîjük Gn`|üg+Niiégîmîj eon+ 0O||ncîzjük Gh}ngïk+ Löîz eon+ ?Vhjxkbgjük Hkéîj+ @ïküg eon' >4Füv|he eonocõvûk6 Heznoijük Hké|îiî+ Niié`öm eon+ Ingn||ïjük thmoa Anikéïk+ Thmîlöz eon+ >>Jhgfîiogjük Njémîg+ Aomügé eon+ >:Mîgjük N`éhvhz+ Niié|nmmnf eon+ ><Î|ïzjük Tnaéïk+Bczîg eon+ >=Aîmjük Hkfî|vîe+ Mhöïk eon+ >8Gne}îkojük N`ézn+ Ïgîg eon' >5Hvhc n cõvõ||ïacïtuo|hkŞo+ nv Ş|o }õzv|hc ehfhmhkiho+ Ovzîhk ghivh}|ïae Şo'

>1Inan ihkkï uh}}h nvïz} Iüvh| ï| Îzbg hvhch} n gïu |vhzog} cofhkõk} eïzeoncn}+ >0ï|õ||vhayž f}õ}}ïc nv haï|v cõvõ||ïah} n iî|bmoc `ügnt hk|hfïg' Nvbc thmoa jhfhayhv}h}}ïcinaxcn} n gïufhayvïcjh ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï hay}Şkhayoa+ >?n`bayng Iüvh|ghc ihatnzngl|bk}n nv ÖZ' Éay uh}}ïc Şch} |vîijn n \égno)tx|v}îjng6

:4Zöjhgghc+ Ovzîhk hk|Ş|vûkõ}}ïghc n eono+ nvbc kh|vîzinvb}}no ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï|gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}+ gïufhayvïcjh uïuh hay}Şk hayoa iogmhg eïzeo+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg`nmcõ}hkh|+ :>ncoch} Zöjhg }õzv|ïjŞk uh}}hc |vîijn+ ghayuhg`n}hvhz)õ}|vîvng ubk}nc'

::\oihbg eonognc n kh|vîzinvb}}no ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}+ ncoch}|vîijn uh}}hc+ gïufhayvïcjh uïuh hay}Şk hayoa iogmhg eïzeo+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg`nmcõ}hkh|+ :<ncoch} \oihbg }õzv|ïjŞk uh}}hc |vîijn+ õ}uhgcokhglhvhz)`îzbi|vîvng ubk}nc'

:=Aîm eonognc n kh|vîzinvb}}no+ ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg} gïufhayvïcjhuïuh+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|+ :8ncoch} Aîm }õzv|ïjŞk uh}}hc |vîijn+ghayuhgõ}hvhz)`n}|vîvõ}uhghg ubk}nc'

:5Fömn eonognc n kh|vîzinvb}}no+ ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg} gïufhayvïcjhuïuh+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|+ :1ncoch} Fömn }õzv|ïjŞk uh}}hc |vîijn+`h}uhggïayhvhz)`n}|vîvng ubk}nc'

:0O||ncîz eonognc n kh|vîzinvb}}no+ ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}gïufhayvïcjh uïuh+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|+ :?ncoch} O||ncîz }õzv|ïjŞk uh}}hc|vîijn+ õ}uhggïayhvhz)gïay|vîvng ubk}nc'

<4Vhjxkbg eonognc n kh|vîzinvb}}no+ ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}gïufhayvïcjh uïuh+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|+ <>ncoch} Vhjxkbg }õzv|ïjŞk uh}}hc

|vîijn+ õ}uhg`ï}hvhz)gïay|vîvng ubk}nc' <:Füv|he eono cõvûk Heznoi eonognc n kh|vîzinvb}}no ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï|gnayl|nkîmbgcïg} gïufhayvïcjh uïuh+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|+ <<ncoch} Heznoi}õzv|ïjŞk uh}}hc |vîijn+ ghayuhghvhz)õ}|vîvng ubk}nc'

<=Ingn||ï eonognc n kh|vîzinvb}}no thmoa+ ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}gïufhayvïcjh uïuh+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|+ <8ncoch} Ingn||ï }õzv|ïjŞk uh}}hc|vîijn+ `nzioglcï}hvhz)cï}|vîvng ubk}nc'

<5Jhgfîiog eonognc n kh|vîzinvb}}no+ ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}gïufhayvïcjh uïuh+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|+ <1ncoch} Jhgfîiog }õzv|ïjŞk uh}}hc|vîijn+ `nzioglõ}hvhz)gïay|vîvng ubk}nc'

<0Mîg eonognc n kh|vîzinvb}}no+ ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg} gïufhayvïcjh

uïuh+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|+<?

ncoch} Mîg }õzv|ïjŞk uh}}hc |vîijn+`n}ungcï}hvhz)`ï}|vîvng ubk}nc'




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=4Î|ïz eonognc n kh|vîzinvb}}no+ ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg} gïufhayvïcjhuïuh+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|+ =>ncoch} Î|ïz }õzv|ïjŞk uh}}hc |vîijn+ghayuhghvhz)õ}|vîvng ubk}nc'

=:Gne}îko eonognc n kh|vîzinvb}}no+ ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg} gïufhayvïcjhuïuh+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|+ =<ncoch} Gne}îko }õzv|ïjŞk uh}}hc |vîijn+

õ}uhg`îzbihvhz)gïay|vîvng ubk}nc'==Hvhch} uh}}ïc |vîijn' Iüvh| ï| Îzbg uh}}h |vîijn Şch}+ iha Ovzîhk }ovhgcï}ehfhmhkih+ iogmhayoc hay)hay gnayl|nkîm cïtuo|hkh}ïjhg' =8Iogmnvbc+ ncoch} |vîijn uh}}hcOvzîhk eono cõvûk gnayl|nkîmbgcïg} `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï+ iogmnvbc+ ncoc `nmcõ}hkh|hc ubk}ncOvzîhkjhg+ =5}h`î} ncoch} |vîijn uh}}hc+ õ||vh|hg `n}|vîv`îzbihvhz)õ}|vîvõ}uhghg ubk}nc'=1Mh n kïuo}îc Ş|o }õzv|ïjŞk |vîzinvücn} ghi uh}}ïc |vîijn cõvõ}}ûc'

N kïuo}îc ehknmn}n =0Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 =?Kïuo }õzv|ï} gh uhmm |vîijn+ ï| gh |vîibkm Şch}`bvvî Ovzîhk eono`bv+ 84`nghi }hmm n kïuo}îcn} n jovbgy|îa `nfkïcîgnc ï| nv n``bv }nz}bvühaï|v eõk|vhzhkï|ghc n ehkûayhkŞouï' Ŕc uoayïc n `nfkïcb} ï| nggnc haï|v eõk|vhzhkï|ï}+ b}}

|vbkaîkfngnc+ ï| }îjbzbvvngnc n `nfkïc cõzûk' 8>Niocbz hkogmxk n `nfkïc+ n kïuo}îc jbg}|îc khnv}+ niocbz thmoa kh}îjbzbvoc n `nfkïc+ n kïuo}îc îkké}|îc eõk' @n okkh}ïc}hkhg cõvhkhmoc `bvvî+iha chkk `nkgon' 8:Ovzîhk eono iogmgyîfng n inaxc }îjbzîjng }îjbzbvvngnc+ iogmhgco n inan|hzhaïghc `nmofhkuïgyh cõzûk' 8<Mh n kïuo}îc n jovbgy|îa `nfkïcn cõzûk }îjbzbvvngnc+ `bay gh}õzfõg co `nznabi Ovzîhk eonognc n cõvõ||ïah hkkhg' N kïuo}îc uïahvvïc n }hggounkücn} njovbgy|îa `nfkïcîgîk'

8=Ovzîhk eono h|vhzog} fîz}nc hk' Iogmhgjhg öay l|hkhchm}hc+ n`bayng Iüvh|ghc ï|Îzbggnc ihatnzngl|bk}n nv ÖZ'

: N }õzv|hc }îjbzbvî|îgnc ï| ihgh}hkï|ïghc n zhgmfh >Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv ï| Îzbg`bv nv ÖZ6 :Ovzîhk eono iogmgyîfng n inaxc`nmofhkuïgyh cõzûk }îjbzbvvngnc+ gnayl|nkîmfnoc fhkuïgyhouhk hkkî}un+ n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zî}ük}îubknjjzn+ cõzõ|)cõzûk }îjbzbvvngnc'

<Hkõk+ chkh} ehkŞk khayhg Fömn }îjbzîgnc n `nmofhkuïgyh n l|ntn}bc cõvõ}}' Fömn eonogncn ehfhmhkih Gn`|üg+ Niiégîmîj eon' =\hzhah `h}uhggïayhvhz)`n}|vîv |vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞkîkk' 8Ihkkh}}h }îjbzbvvïc O||ncîz }õzv|h' O||ncîz eonognc n ehfhmhkih Gh}ngïk+ Löîz eon'5\hzhah õ}uhggïayhvhz)gïay|vîv |vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞk îkk' 1Nvx}îg cõuh}chvoc Vhjxkbg}õzv|h' Vhjxkbg eonognc n ehfhmhkih Hkéîj+ @ïküg eon' 0\hzhah õ}uhg`ï}hvhz)gïay|vîv |vîijnuh}} hijhzjŞk îkk' ?Fömn }îjbzîgnc n |hzhaho õ||vh|hg |vîvgybklung`n}hvhz)gïay|vîv |vîijnuh}} hijhzjŞk îkkgnc' Ghcoc chkk hk|Şghc hkogmxkgoxc'

>4

Mïk ehkŞk khayhg Zöjhg }îjbzîgnc n `nmofhkuïgyh n l|ntn}bc cõvõ}}' Zöjhg eonognc nehfhmhkih Hkélöz+ \hmïöz eon' >>\hzhah ghayuhg`n}hvhz)õ}|vîv |vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞk îkk'

>:Ihkkh}}h }îjbzbvvïc \oihbg }õzv|h' \oihbg eonognc n ehfhmhkih \hkxiéïk+ Lözé|nmmnf eon'><\hzhah õ}uhgcokhglhvhz)`îzbi|vîv |vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞk îkk' >=Nvx}îg cõuh}chvoc Aîm}õzv|h' Aîm eonognc n ehfhmhkih Hkfî|vîe+ Mhöïk eon' >8\hzhah ghayuhgõ}hvhz)`n}|vîvõ}uhg|vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞk îkk' >5Zöjhg }îjbzîgnc n |hzhaho õ||vh|hg |vîvõ}uhghayhvhz)gïay|vîvõ}uhg |vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞk îkkgnc' Ghcoc chkk iî|bmocgnc hkogmxkgoxc'

>1X}îgxc ogmxkfbg n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zn+ n kïuo}îc }îjbzn n }îjbzbc cõvõ}}' N`bayng}îjbzbvgnc+ öay ogmxkfngnc iha+ iogmhayoc n inan `hkyïg+ `nmofhkuïgyhoc |vhzog}'

>0Gyxan} ehkŞk khayhg Heznoi }îjbzîgnc n `nmofhkuïgyh n l|ntn}bc cõvõ}}' Heznoieonognc n ehfhmhkih Hké|îiî+ Niié`öm eon' >?\hzhah ghayuhghvhz)õ}|vîv |vîijn uh}}

hijhzjŞk îkk':4

Ihkkh}}h khayhg Ingn||ï }õzv|h' Ingn||ï eonognc n ehfhmhkih Anikéïk+Thmîlöz eon' :>\hzhah `nzioglcï}hvhz)cï}|vîv |vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞk îkk' ::Nvx}îg cõuh}chvoc




=

Jhgfîiog }õzv|h' Jhgfîiog eonognc n ehfhmhkih Njémîg+ Aomügé eon' :<\hzhah `nzioglõ}hvhz)gïay|vîv |vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞk îkk' :=Heznoi }îjbzîgnc n |hzhaho õ||vh|hg |vîvgybklhvhz)hay|vîv |vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞk îkkgnc' Ghcoc chkk `nzinmocgnc hkogmxkgoxc'

:8Ï|vnc ehkŞk khayhg Mîg }îjbzîgnc n `nmofhkuïgyh n l|ntn}bc cõvõ}}' Mîg eonognc nehfhmhkih N`éhvhz+ Niié|nmmnf eon' :5\hzhah `n}ungcï}hvhz)`ï}|vîv |vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞk îkk':1

Ihkkh}}h }îjbzbvvïc Î|ïz }õzv|h' Î|ïz eonognc n ehfhmhkih Tnaéïk+ Bczîg eon':0

\hzhahghayuhghayhvhz)õ}|vîv |vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞk îkk' :?Nvx}îg cõuh}chvoc Gne}îko }õzv|h' Gne}îkoeonognc n ehfhmhkih N`ézn+ Ïgîg eon' <4\hzhah õ}uhg`îzbihvhz)gïay|vîv |vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞkîkk' <>Mîg }îjbzn õ||vh|hg |vîvõ}uhg`ï}hvhz)`n}|vîv |vîijn uh}} hijhzjŞk îkk' Ghcoc chkkx}bkfîzn hkogmxkgoxc+ `nmofhkuïgyhoc |vhzog}'

<:Hggyohg ubk}nc+ ncoch} |vîijn uh}}hc Ovzîhk eonognc n gnayl|nkîmfnojük' Õ||vh|hg`n}|vîv`îzbihvhz)õ}|vîvõ}uhghg ubk}nc n }îjbzjng+ ncoch} |vîijn uh}}hc |hzhahoc |vhzog}'<<Mh n kïuo}îcn} ghi uh}}ïc |vîijn Ovzîhk eono cõvõ}}+ n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}n Iüvh|ghc nvÖZ' <=Ovzîhk eono h|vhzog} fîz}nc hk' Tbg}b|ng öay }îjbzbv}nc `nmofhkuïgyhoc |vhzog}+ ï| öayogmxk}nc hk iogmgyîfng ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}+ n`bayng Iüvh|ghcihatnzngl|bk}n nv ÖZ'

< Îzbg ï| l|nkîmfn >Hvhc ubk}nc Îzbg ï| Iüvh| kh|vîzinvb}}no njjng nv omŞjhg+ niocbz jh|vïk} nv ÖZ Iüvh||hkn \égno)`hayhg' :Éay `éu}îc Îzbg eono}6 Gîmîj ubk} nv hk|Ş|vûkõ}}+ nvx}îg Njé`ö+ Hkhîvîz ï|É}îiîz' <Éay `éu}îc Îzbg eono}+ n eõkchg} tntbcn}+ ncoch} ehknun}}nc n tnto |vbkaîkn}zn' =MhGîmîj ï| Njé`ö iha`nk} nv ÖZ |végh hkŞ}}+ niocbz omhahg }žvvhk fîzxk}nc nv ÖZ |végh hkï n\égno)tx|v}îjng+ eonoc thmoa ghi ubk}nc' Hvïz} Hkhîvîz ï| É}îiîz uïahv}ïc n tnto |vbkaîkn}b}ntfxcgnc+ Îzbggnc n ehkûayhkh}h nkn}}'

N kïuo}îc ehknmn}n 8Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 5Uhvh|m omh Kïuo }õzv|ï}+ ï| îkké}|m Îzbg e Ştnt hkï+ `bayn |vbkaîkn}îjng |haïmchvvhghc' 1Ŕc |haé}|hghc n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk ghco ï| nv haï|vcõvõ||ïaghc n }hggounküc hkuïavï|ïjhg+ éay }hkfh|é}uh |vbkaîkn}xcn} n `nfkïc cõzûk'0Ûayhkfhghc n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgnc haï|v eõk|vhzhkï|ïzh+ ï| |haé}|hghc Ovzîhk eonognc n}hggounküc hkuïavï|ïjhg+ éay }hkfh|é}uh |vbkaîkn}xcn} n `nfkïc cõzûk' ?B|vm jh n kïuo}îcn} Îzbgï| eono ihkkï+ ihz} haï|vhg nv ïg }xknfmbgnoi Şc Ovzîhk eono cõvõ}}' >4Îzbggnc ï| eonognc thmoazhgmhkm hk+ `bay uïahvvïc tnto |vbkaîkn}xcn}' @n okkh}ïc}hkhg cõvhkhmoc nv ÖZ`bv+ iha chkk`nkgon'

>>Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 >:Éih+ ïg inani uh}}hi co n kïuo}îcn} Ovzîhkeono cõvûk iogmhg hk|Ş|vûkõ}} `hkyh}}+ nco ngyfn iï`ï} ihagyo}fn Ovzîhk eono cõvõ}}6 khayhghc

nvïz} n kïuo}îc nv hgyïoi'

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Ihz} iogmhg hk|Ş

|vûkõ}} nv hgyïi. Niocbz ihaõk}hiHayot}bijng iogmhg hk|Ş|vûkõ}}h}+ inanignc |vhg}hk}hi iogmhg hk|Ş|vûkõ}}h} Ovzîhkjhg'Iogm nv hijhzï+ iogm nv îkkn}ï nv hgyïi khayhg' Ïg unaybc nv Ö Z.

>=Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ n \égno)tx|v}îjng6 >8Uhmm |vîijn Kïuo eono}gnayl|nkîmbgcïg} ï| ghivh}|ïahgcïg}. Nv hay `ügntb| eoöc}ük eõkehkï iogmhg eïzeo} uïay|vîijn. >5\vîijn uh}}h nvïz} Şch} Iüvh| nv ÖZ |vnun |vhzog}+ n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}n'>1Gïu |vhzog} hvhc ubk}nc Kïuo eono6 Aïz|üg+ Ch`î} ï| Ihzîzo' >0Hvhc Aïz|üg eonognc n ghuho ï|ghivh}|ïaho6 Kojgé ï| \oié' >?Ch`î} eono ï| ghivh}|ïaho6 Nizîi+ Fol`îz+ @hjzüg ï| Xvvéïk':4Ihzîzo eono ï| ghivh}|ïaho6 In`ké ï| Iö|é' Hvhc Kïuo ghivh}|ïaho ï| gnayl|nkîmfno'

:>Aïz|üg}ük unkü n Kojgé ghivh}|ïa ï| n \oié ghivh}|ïa' Hvhc n aïz|ügo ghivh}|ïahc'::N |vîijn uh}} eïzeonc+ ncoch} nv hay `ügntb| eoöc}ük eõkehkï |vîijn uh}}hc+ |vîi |vhzog}

õ||vh|hg `ï}hvhz)õ}|vîvng ubk}nc':<

N aïz|ügo ghivh}|ïahcghc n `nfkïc iõaõ}}+ gyxan}znchkkh}} }îjbzbvgoxc' :=N aïz|ügonc gnayl|nkîmfîgnc n ehfhmhkih Hkfî|vîe+ Kîïk eon ubk}'




8

:8Aïz|üg eonognc n ehknmn}n ubk}+ `bay iogmhg }hggounkü} hkuïahvvhghc n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk6 n`nfkïcgîk+ n |î}bz}h}Şgïk+ n |î}bz }ncnzüfîgîk+ n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgnc jhfîzn}o eûaaõgyïgïk+ :5nvxmunz |vŞgyhaenknogîk+ n `nfkïcb} ï| nv bk}îz} cõzûkuhuŞ xmunz jhfîzn}o eûaaõgyïgïk ï| n `bvvî}nz}bvü cõ}hkhcgïk'

:1Ch`î}}ük unkü nv Nizîi ghivh}|ïa+ n Fol`îz ghivh}|ïa+ n @hjzüg ghivh}|ïa ï| nv

Xvvéïk ghivh}|ïa' Hvhc n ch`î}o ghivh}|ïahc':0

Nv hay `ügntb| eoöc}ük eõkehkï n eïzeonc|vîin õ||vh|hg gybklhvhz)`n}|vîv ubk}' Ŕc uïahv}ïc n |vhg}ïky cõzûko }hggounkücn}' :?Ch`î}eonognc n ghivh}|ïaho mïk ehkŞk+ n `nfkïc bkmnkn ihkkh}} }îjbzbv}nc' <4N ch`î}o ghivh}|ïahcl|nkîmfîgnc ehfhmhkih Hkélîeîg+ Xvvéïk eon ubk}' <>Nv Ş ehknmn}xc ubk}+ `bay hkuïahvvhghciogmhg }hggounkü} n kîmîgîk+ nv n|v}nkgîk+ n kîitn}nz}ügîk+ nv bk}îzbcgîk+ n |vhg}ïkyjhg`n|vgîk} o|}hg}o|v}hkh}o eõk|vhzhkï|gïk ï| n eûaaõgygïk' <:N kïuo}îc khae Şjj ehfhmhkih Hkhîvîz+Îzbg e Ştnt eon ubk}3 Ş ehkûayhk} nvbczn+ ncoc n |vhg}ïkygïk uïahv}ïc n }hggounkücn}'

<<Ihzîzé}ük unkü n In`ké ghivh}|ïa ï| n Iö|é ghivh}|ïa' Hvhc Ihzîzé ghivh}|ïaho'<=Nv hay `ügntb| eoöc}ük eõkehkï n |vîijn uh}} eïzeonc |vîin õ||vh|hg `n}hvhz)cï}|vîv ubk}'<8N Ihzîzé ghivh}|ïahc l|nkîmfîgnc ehfhmhkih Lözéïk+ Njé`nfok eon ubk}' Ï|vnc ehkŞk+ n `nfkïcbkmnkn ihkkh}} }îjbzbv}nc' <5Ihzîzé eonognc n abgmfnozn jév}îc n `nfkïc mh|vcîo}+ zh}h|vho}+

b|vkbtno} ï| }nktno}+ haï|v eõk|vhzhkï|ï} ï| iogmhg }hggounkü} nvbccnk cntl|bkn}jng+ <1}buîjjînv xmunz cõzûk khuŞ b|vkbtbcn}+ nvbc }nktno}+ lõuhcho} ï| cõ}hkho}'

<0N `nfkïc hkŞ}}+ n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîunk |vhijhg+ n}}ük chkh}zh Iüvh|+ Îzbg ï| eono}îjbzbv}nc+ ncoc n |vhg} `hky cõzûk uïahv}ïc }hggounküfxcn} Ovzîhk eonognc n |vbkaîkn}îjng' @nokkh}ïc}hkhg cõvhkhmoc n``bv+ iha chkkh}} `nkgon' <?Nv õ||vh| |vîijn uh}} kïuo}n+ ncoch} Iüvh|ï| Îzbg nv ÖZ tnzngl|îzn |vîijn uh}} ghivh}|ïahgcïg} nv hay `ügntb| eoöc}ük eõkehkï+õ||vh|hg `x|vbgcï}hvhz eïzeo ubk}'

Ovzîhk hk|Ş |vûkõ}}hoghc n |vîin =4Nvx}îg hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ6 Uhmm |vîijn Ovzîhk eono cõvûk nv hk|Ş|vûkõ}} eïzeoncn}iogm+ nv hay `ügntb| eoöc}ük eõkehkï+ ï| uhmm Şch} gïufhayvïcjh. =>Mh n kïuo}îcn} cûkõgé}|m hkghchi+ nco nv ÖZ unaybc+ Ovzîhk eonognc õ||vh| hk|Ş|vûkõ}}fh `hkyh}}+ ï| kïuo}îc îkkn}no} Ovzîhkunknihggyo îkkn}îgnc hk|Ş|vûkõ}}fh `hkyh}}' =:\vîijn o| uh}}h Iüvh| Ovzîhk eonognc iogmhghk|Ş|vûkõ}}fï}+ n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}n ghco nv ÖZ' =<N gïufhayvïcjh uh}} hk|Ş|vûkõ}} eïzeoncnv hay `ügntb| eoöc}ük eõkehkï+ n |vîijn uh}}hc cõvûk õ||vh|hg `x|vbgcï}hvhz)cï}|vîv`h}uhg`îzing ubk}nc'

==Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 =8Uhmm cûkõg n kïuo}îcn} Ovzîhk eonognc iogmhghk|Ş|vûkõ}}fh `hkyh}}+ ï| n kïuo}îc îkkn}no} nvbc îkkn}no `hkyh}}+ ï| khayhghc n kïuo}îc nv hgyïoi'Ïg unaybc nv ÖZ. =5N}}ük n cï}|vîv`h}uhg`îzbi eïzeo}ük thmoa+ ncoc n kïuo}îc kï}|vîiîg ehkûkunggnc+ ï| hvïz} co chkk Şch} uîk}ngo Ovzîhk eonognc hk|Ş|vûkõ}}fho cõvûk+ =1|vhmf õ})õ} |hchk}ehfhgcïg}' N |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} uhmm+ nihkyjhg `ö|v aïzn hay |hchk' =0Nmm nv} n tïgv}

Îzbggnc ï| eonognc nvbcïz}+ ncoc cõvõ}}ûc n kï}|vîibg ehkûk unggnc+ ï| hvïz} co chkkŞch}uîk}ngo' =?Iüvh| }h`î} uîk}|îaméfn} |vhmh}} nvbc}ük+ ncoch} n kïuo}îc kï}|vîiîg ehkûk co chkkh}}

uîk}ngo' 84Ovzîhk eonognc nv hk|Ş|vûkõ}}fho}Şk |vhm}h jh n tïgv}+ hvhz`îzbi|vîv`n}ungõ} |hchk}+ n|vhg} |hchk |vhzog}' 8>Iüvh| n uîk}|îatïgv} nv ÖZ tnzngl|n |vhzog} Îzbggnc ï| eonognc nm}n+öay+ n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ'

= N kïuo}îc }o|v}h >Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv ï| Îzbg`bv nv ÖZ6 :\vîibkm õ||vh Ch`î} eono} Kïuo eono cõvûkghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}+ <n `nzioglïuh|hc}Şk eõkehkï nv õ}uhgïuh|hcoa iogmhg`nmcõ}hkh|}+ `bay n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk uïahvvhghc ixgcî}' =Hv Ch`î} eonognc n }hggounküfn n

cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk n |vhg}hc |vhg}fïuhk68

Niocbz hkogmxk n }îjbz+ ihgfhg jh Îzbg n eonounk+uhayïc kh n eûaaŞcîzto}b}+ ï| }ncnzfîc jh nvvnk n jovbgy|îa kîmîfî}' 5]hayhghc nzzn mhkeogjŞz




5

}ncnzü}+ }hzé}|ïc kh hay l|xtn cïc jéjbzjük cï|vûk} zx`îunk+ ï| `hkyhvvïc jh n zömfno}' 1Nvîkmbvn}o chgyhzhc n|v}nkî} o| }hzé}|ïc kh cïc jéjbzzx`îunk+ }hayïc zî n }îkncn}+ |hzthgyŞch}+chky`hch} ï| o}nkîkmbvn}o cbz|ücn}' Khayhg znf}n n |vhg} chgyïz o|' 0]hzé}|ïc kh cnzinv|ogebgîkjük cï|vûk} zx`îunk+ ehmfïc jh mhkeogjŞz }ncnzüunk+ ï| `hkyhvvïc jh n zömfno}' ?Nvx}îguhayhghc hay cïc jéjbzzx`î}+ ï| aõgayõkfïc jhkh n kîitn}nz}ü} ï| nggnc iïl|h|ho}+

cbttng}üo}+ `nix}nz}üo} ï| nv õ||vh| bknfb|hmïgyï}+ nihkyjŞk ehk}õk}oc'>4

]hayïc iogmhv} ï|hvhc haï|v eõk|vhzhkï|ï} hay mhkeogjŞz }ncnzüjn+ ï| }hayïc n `bzmbvüzxmnczn' >>Nv nzngybk}îzzno| }hzé}|hghc cïc jéjbzzx`î}+ }ncnzfîc jh hay mhkeogjŞz }ncnzüunk+ ï| `hkyhvvïc jh n zömfno}'>:\vhmfïc õ||vh unknihggyo o|}hg}o|v}hkh}o hmïgy}+ nihkyh} n |vhg}ïkyjhg `n|vgîkgnc+ }hayïccïc jéjbzzx`îjn+ }ncnzfîc jh mhkeogjŞz }ncnzüunk+ ï| }hayïc n `bzmbvüzxmnczn' ><Nvx}îg}ncnzé}|îc hk n `nix} nv bk}îzzük+ ï| }hzé}|hghc zî tozb| jéjbzzx`î}' >=]hayïc zî nv haï|veõk|vhzhkï|ï}+ nihkkyhk nv îkmbvn}b} jhix}n}fîc znf}n6 n |vhgh||hzthgyŞch}+ uokkîcn}+ kntî}bcn}+òg}Şhmïgyhch}+ nv bk}îz haï|v eõk|vhzhkï|ï}+ }hzé}|hghc zî mhkeogjŞz }ncnzü}+ ï| `hkyhvvïc jh nzömfno}' >8Iox}îg Îzbg ï| eono hkcï|vûk}hc+ ï| jh}ncnz}îc n }îjbz ogmxkî|ncbz n |vhg}ïky} ï| n|vhg}ïky haï|v eõk|vhzhkï|ï}+ ihgfhghc bmn Ch`î} eono+ ï| Şc uoayïc nvbcn}' Mh gh ïzog}|ïc n|vhg} mbkabcn}+ ihz} nccbz iha`nkgnc' Hvhch} chkk uoggoûc Ch`î} eonognc n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîjük'

>5Mh Hkhîvîzgnc+ Îzbg e Ştnt eoîgnc n abgmfnozn jév}îc n kîitnbknfn}+ n fü okkn}öeû|}õkŞ|vhzhch}+ nv îkkngmü ï}hkîkmbvn}b} ï| n eõkchgï|`hv unkü bknfn}' Zîjév}îc nv haï|v`nfkïcb} ï| iogmnv}+ nio n``bv }nz}bvoc+ n |vhg}ïky} ï| eõk|vhzhkï|ï}'

N tntbc }o|v}h >1Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv ï| Îzbg`bv nv ÖZ6 >0Gh hgahmfï}hc+ `bay n ch`î}oghivh}|ïahc }õzv|h cotx|v}xkfbg n kïuo}îc cõvûk. >?Hv} }hayï}hc nv ïzmhcûcjhg+ `bay ïkfhghc+ï| gh `nkfngnc iha6 Niocbz n |vhg}hc |vhg}fh cõvhkïjh kïtghc+ Îzbg ï| eono ihgfhghc bmn+ ï|Şc |vnjfîc iha iogmhayocghc+ `bay io} }hayhg ï| io} uoayhg' :4Gh ihgfhghc jh+ `bayihakî}`n||îc n |vhg} mbkabcn} ncîz l|nc hay tokkngn}zn o|+ ihz} nccbz iha`nkgnc.

:>Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 ::\vîibkm õ||vh Aïz|üg eono} o|gnayl|nkîmbgcïg} ï| ghivh}|ïahgcïg}' :<@nzioglïuh|}Şk eõkehkï nv õ}uhgïuh|hcoa uhmm|vîijn Şch}+ iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|}+ `bay n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk uïahvvhghc |vbkaîkn}b}' :=Hv naïz|ügo ghivh}|ïahc mbkan+ nio} }hggoûc ï| uoggoûc chkk6 :8

Ŕc uoayïc n `nfkïc |î}bzkntfno}+ ncofhkhg}ï| |î}zî}+ hgghc n }ncnzüfî}+ nv nvbg khuŞ mhkeogjŞz }ncnzü}+ n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgnc njhfîzn}o eûaaõgyï}+ :5nv xmunz |vŞgyhaenkno}+ n `nfkïcb} ï| nv bk}îz} cõzûkuhuŞ xmunzcntxjhfîzn}îgnc eûaaõgyï}+ hvhcghc n cõ}hkho} ï| n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü haï|v eõk|vhzhkï|}' Ŕcuïahvvïc hk iogmnv}+ nio} nvbccnk }hggo chkk' :1Iogmhgjhg Îzbggnc ï| eonognc n tnzngl|n|vhzog} }õz}ïgfïc n aïz|ügonc |vbkaîkn}n6 iogmnv+ nio} uoggoûc ï| }hggoûc chkk' Uhayï}hc|vîijn ï| hkkhgŞzovvï}hc iogmnv}+ nio} uoggoûc chkk' :0Hv n aïz|ügo ghivh}|ïahc ehknmn}n ncofhkhg}ï| |î}zn cõzûk6 É}îiîzgnc+ Îzbg e Ştnt eoîgnc hkkhgŞzvï|h nkn}} kî||îc hk nv}.

:?

Ihzîzé eono} o| uhmm |vîijn ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}'

<4

@nzioglïuh|}Ş

keõkehkï nv õ}uhgïuh|hcoa uhmm |vîijn Şch}+ iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|}+ `bay |vbkaîkn}b} uïahvvhghcn cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk' <>Hv khayhg nv Ş }hggounküfxc n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk uïavhgmŞ iogmhg|vbkaîkn}xcjng6 Şc uoayïc n `nfkïc mh|vcîo}+ zh}h|vho}+ b|vkbtno} ï| }nktno}+ <:nv xmunz}cõzûkuhuŞ b|vkbtbcn}+ nvbc }nktno}+ lõuhcho} ï| cõ}hkho}+ ï| n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü haï|veõk|vhzhkï|}' Gïu |vhzog} uhayï}hc fhayvïcjh nv} n eõk|vhzhkï|}+ nihkyh} ghcoc chkk uoggoûc'<<Hv Ihzîzé eono ghivh}|ïahoghc n |vbkaîkn}n+ n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk uïavhgmŞ haï|v |vbkaîkn}xcÉ}îiîzgnc+ Îzbg e Ştnt eoîgnc nv ozîgyé}î|n nkn}}'

N kïuo}îc |vîin <=Iüvh|+ Îzbg ï| n cõvõ||ïa ehfhmhkiho |vîijn uh}}ïc Ch`î} eono} ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï|

gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}+<8

`nzioglïuh|}Şk eõkehkï nv õ}uhgïuh|hcoa+ iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|}+ `bay|vbkaîkn}b} uïahvvhghc n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk' <5Ghivh}|ïahocjŞk cï}hvhz)`ï}|vîvõ}uhg hijhz}




1

uh}}hc |vîijn' <1Hggyohg ubk}nc n ch`î}o ghivh}|ïahcjŞk |vîijn uh}}hc+ ncoc n cofhkhg}ï||î}zîgîk uïahv}hc |vbkaîkn}b}' Iüvh| ï| Îzbg uh}}h Şch} |vîijn nv ÖZ Iüvh|ghc nmb}}tnzngl|n |vhzog}'

<0Ncoch} Aïz|üg eono cõvûk |vîijn uh}}hc ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}+<?`nzioglïuh|}Şk eõkehkï nv õ}uhgïuh|hcoa+ iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|}+ nco |vbkaîkn}b} uïavh}} n

cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk+=4

n ghivh}|ïahocjŞk ï| gnayl|nkîmfnocjük |vîijn uh}}hc cï}hvhz)`n}|vîv`nzioglng ubk}nc' =>Hggyohg ubk}nc n Aïz|üg eonognc ghivh}|ïahojŞk |vîijn uh}}hc+ncoc n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk uïahv}hc |vbkaîkn}b}' Iüvh| ï| Îzbg uh}}h Şch} |vîijn nv ÖZ tnzngl|n |vhzog}'

=:N Ihzîzé eono ghivh}|ïahojŞk |vîijn uh}}hc ghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg}+=<`nzioglïuh|}Şk eõkehkï nv õ}uhgïuh|hcoa+ iogmhg `nmcõ}hkh|+ nco |vbkaîkn}b} uïavh}} ncofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk+ ==nv Ş ghivh}|ïahocjŞk |vîijn uh}}hc `îzbihvhz)cï}|vîvng ubk}nc'=8Hggyohg ubk}nc n Ihzîzé eonognc ghivh}|ïahojŞk |vîijn uh}}hc' Iüvh| ï| Îzbg uh}}h Şch}|vîijn nv ÖZ Iüvh|ghc nmb}} tnzngl|n |vhzog}'

=5Nv õ||vh| |vîijn uh}} kïuo}n+ ncoch} Iüvh|+ Îzbg ï| Ovzîhk ehfhmhkihoghivh}|ïahgcïg} ï| gnayl|nkîmbgcïg} |vîijn uh}}hc+ =1`nzioglïuh|}Şk eõkehkï nv

õ}uhgïuh|hcoa+ iogmhgco+ ncoghc |vbkaîkn}jn chkkh}} kïtgoh+ `bay uïahvvh n |vbkaîkn}î}iogmnjjng+ nio} }hggoh ï| uoggoh chkk n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk+ =0n cõvûkûc |vîijn uh}}hcgybklhvhz)õ}|vîvgybklungng ubk}nc' =?Nv ÖZ Iüvh|ghc nmb}} tnzngl|n |vhzog} uh}}ïc |vîijnŞch}+ iogmhgco} n inan }hggounküfn ï| uoggounküfn nkntfîg' Öay uh}}ïc |vîijn Şch}+ n`bayngihatnzngl|bk}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ'

8 N }o|v}î}nkngbc hkcûkõgé}ï|h >Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 :Tnzngl|bkm iha Ovzîhk eonognc+ `bay cûkmfhghc co n}îjbzjük iogmhgco}+ ncoghc coû}ï|h unay ebkyî|n ung+ unay nco `bk}}h|} ion}} }o|v}î}nkng' <Ncîzeïzeo+ ncîz n||vbgy+ cûkmfïc co' N }îjbzbg céuûkzh cûkmfïc Şch}+ `bay }o|v}î}nknggî gh }hayïc}îjbzxcn}+ n`bk ïg cõvõ}}ûc kncbvbi' =Ovzîhk eono h|vhzog} fîz}nc hk6 cocûkm}ïc Şch} n }îjbzbgcéuûkzh' Öay l|hkhchm}hc Ovzîhk eono+ n`bayng Iüvh|ghc ihatnzngl|bk}n nv ÖZ'

N cîz füuî}ï}hkh 8Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 5Ibgmm iha Ovzîhk eonognc6 @n hay eïzeo unay hay gŞ jîziokyhg uï}ch} cõuh} hk hay iî|oc hijhz hkkhg+ nv nv ÖZ hkkhg cõuh} hk `ž}khg|ïah}+ ï| éaycîz}ïzé}ï||hk }nz}bvoc' 1Nv okyhghc unkkfîc iha uï}cûch}+ nihkyh} hkcõuh}}hc+ }ïzé}|ïc iha nvbcbvb}} cîz} }hkfh| ïz}ïcïjhg+ ï| }hayïc iïa `bvvî nggnc õ}õmzï|vï}+ öay }ïzé}|ïc iha nggnc+ncoghc }nz}bvgnc uhkh' 0Mh `n gogl| nggnc nv hijhzghc õzõcõ|h+ ï| éay gogl| coghciha}ïzé}hgo n cîz}+ nccbz nv ÖZgnc chkk n cîz} iha}ïzé}hgo6 khayhg nv n tntï+ nv hgah|v}hkï|o

cb|bg céuûk+ nihkkyhk hkuïavo ïz}h nv hgah|v}hkï|}'?Iogmhg ehknfîgkî|+ nihkyh} Ovzîhk eono |vhg} nmbiîgycïg} bmnuo|vghc n tnt`bv+ ntntï khayhg' >4@n unknco nv}+ nio nv õuï+ |vhg} nmbiîgycïg} bmnnmfn n tntgnc+ nv n tntïkhayhg'

N eïk}ïchgy|ïao }õzuïgy >>Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 >:\vükf Ovzîhk eono`bv+ ï| ibgmm iha ghcoc6 @nunkncoghc n ehkh|ïah hk}ïuhkyhmoc+ ï| `ž}khg|ïah} cõuh} hk hkkhgh+ ><ï| unknco uhkh `îk ï|cõvõ|ûk uhkh+ mh eïzfh hkŞ}} }o}bcjng inznm+ ò|vhg nv n||vbgy }o}cbkfn+ `bay }o|v}î}nknggî uîk}+}ngö thmoa gogl| hkkhgh+ ihz} ghi ïz}ïc }h}}hg+ >=mh n eïzfjhg eïk}ïchgy|ïa }îinm ï| eïk}ïchgykh|v n ehkh|ïaïzh+ ihz} nv }o|v}î}nknggî kh}}3 unay `n eïk}ïchgy|ïa }îinm jhggh+ ï| eïk}ïchgy

kh|v n ehkh|ïaïzh+ `bkb}} nv ghi kh}} }o|v}î}nknggî+>8

nccbz uoayh hk n eïzf n ehkh|ïaï} n tnt`bv'Uoayh hk nv ïz}h fîzü îkmbvn}b} o|6 hay }ovhm uïcn îztnko|v}h}+ mh bknfn} gh õg}|õg zî+ |h }õifïg}




0

gh }hayhg zî+ ihz} eïk}ïchgy|ïao îkmbvn} nv+ hikïchv}h}Ş îkmbvn}+ jžgzh hikïchv}h}' >5Uhvh||hbmn n tnt nv n||vbgy}+ ï| îkké}|n nv ÖZ |végh hkï' >1Õg}|õg n tnt hay l|hzïthmïgyjh |vhg}uovh}+ nvx}îg uhayhg n tnt n `nfkïc eõkmfïg khuŞ tbzjük+ ï| }hayh n uévjh' >0Îkké}|n n tnt nvn||vbgy} nv ÖZ |végh hkï+ jbg}|n co nv n||vbgy `nfî}+ ï| }hayh nggnc n }hgyhzïjh nvhikïchv}h}Ş îkmbvn}b}6 eïk}ïchgy|ïao îkmbvn} nv' N ch|hzž+ î}bc`bvü uév nvbgjng inznmfbg n

tnt chvïjhg'>?

Nvx}îg h|ch||h iha Ş} n tnt+ ï| ibgmfn hv} nv n||vbgygnc6 @n ghi `îk} uhkhm|hgco+ `n ghi }ïuhkyhm}ïk hk }o|v}î}nkngxk eïzfhm}Şk+ gh îz}|bg ghchm hv n ch|hzž+ î}bc`bvü uév+:4l|nc nccbz+ `n hk}ïuhkyhm}ïk eïzfhm}Şk+ ï| }o|v}î}nknggî uîk}îk+ ihz} eïzfhmhg céuûk iî| o| `îk}uhkhm' :>H|ch||h iha n tnt nv n||vbgy} nv î}bc`bvü h|cûuhk+ ï| hv} ibgmfn ghco n tnt6 Nmfnnv ÖZ+ `bay n }h ghuhmmhk ibgmfngnc infm î}cb} ï| }hayhghc hkzh}}hg}Ş h|cû} gïthm cõzïjhg.]hayh nv ÖZ ihmhglïmh} cbzn|vûkŞuï+ iï`hmh} mnanm}}î. ::@n}bkfbg jh hv nv î}bc`bvü uév njhk|Ş zï|vhomjh+ mnanmfbg iha n iï`hm+ ï| khayhg cbzn|vûkŞuï n ihmhglïm. Nv n||vbgythmoa ibgmfn zî6 Îihg. Îihg. :<Nvx}îg ézfn eõk n tnt hvhch} nv î}cbcn} hay kntzn+ ib||njhkh n ch|hzž uévjh+ :=ï| o}n||n iha nv n||vbggynk n ch|hzž+ î}bc`bvü uovh}+ `nmm `n}bkfbg jhkhnv î}bc`bvü uév+ ch|hzuh| eîfmnkin} bcbvun' :8Nvx}îg uhayh co n tnt nv n||vbgy chvïjŞk neïk}ïchgy|ïao îkmbvn}b}+ ix}n||n ehk nv îkmbvn}b} nv ÖZ |végh hkŞ}}+ ï| uoayh nv bk}îz`bv':5Uhayhg n tnt hay inzbccnk nv îkmbvn}jük nv n||vbgy hikïchv}h}Ş îkmbvn}îxk+ ï|eû|}õkõa}h||h hk nv bk}îzbg' Nvx}îg o}n||n iha nv n||vbggynk n uovh}' :1Iox}îg ihao}n}}n uhkh nuovh}+ nv eba }õz}ïggo+ `bay `n nv n||vbgy l|ncxayng }o|v}î}nknggî uîk}+ ihz} `ž}khg|ïah}cõuh}h}} hk eïzfh hkkhg+ jhkh`n}bk nv nv î}bc`bvü uév+ ch|hzuh| eîfmnkin} bcbvun+ ihamnanm niï`h+ ï| cbzn|vûkŞuï uîkoc n ihmhglïfh' Nccbz infm nggnc nv n||vbgygnc n ghuïuhkibgmngnc î}cb} gïth cõzïjhg' :0Mh `n ghi uîk} }o|v}î}nknggî nv n||vbgy+ `nghi }o|v}ninznm}+ nccbz n uév ghi îz} ghco+ ï| }buîjjzn o| cïth| kh|v ayhzihch} |vûkgo'

:?Hv n eïk}ïchgy|ïa }õzuïgyh' @n hay n||vbgy hk}ïuhkyhmoc eïzfï}Şk+ ï| }o|v}î}nknggîuîkoc+ <4unay `n unkncojhg eïk}ïchgy|ïa }îinm+ eïk}ïchgy kh|v n ehkh|ïaïzh+ ï| hvïz} nv ÖZ |végh hkï îkké}fn nv n||vbgy}+ nccbz n tnt iogmhgjhg h |vhzog} n }õzuïgy |vhzog} fîzfbg hk' <>Neïzf ihg}h|ûk n jžg}Şk+ nv n||vbgygnc thmoa jžg`Şmgoh chkk+ `n jžgõ|'

5 N gîvézebanmnkbi >Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 :\vükf Ovzîhk eono`bv+ ï| ibgmm iha ghcoc6 @n hay eïzeounay gŞ cûkõgkhah| ebanmnkin} }h|v+ gîvézebanmnkin}+ unayo| nv ÖZgnc |vhg}hko inaî}+ <}nz}üvcbmfïc n jbz}ük ï| hayïj zï|vhaé}Ş o}nk}ük+ gh oayïc jbzjük unay hayïj zï|vhaé}Ş o}nkjükcï|vé}h}} hlh}h}+ |hiiokyhg iî|+ |vŞkŞjŞk cï|vûk} o}nk} |h oayïc+ ï| gh hayïc |h ezo||+ |h|vîzé}b}} |vŞkŞ}' =Gîvéz|îan haï|v omhfh nkn}} |hiio bkyn} |h hayïc+ nio |vŞkŞ}ŞzŞk unkü+ iïa ninafî} unay n ̀ ïfî} |h' 8Gîvézebanmnkiîgnc haï|v omhfh nkn}} gh ïzfh jbzb}un n ehfï}' Iéa khghi }hkghc nvbc n gntbc+ nihkyhczh nv ÖZgnc |vhg}hk}h inaî}+ |vhg} khayhg+ `nayfn |vnjnmbg

gŞgo `nfeûz}fho}'

5

Gh ihgfhg jh `nkb}}`bv nv omŞ

nkn}}+ nihkyzh nv ÖZ

gnc |vhg}hk}h inaî}'

1

Gh}hayh inaî} }o|v}î}nknggî |h ntfîunk+ |h ngyfîunk+ |h eouïzïuhk+ |h gŞuïzïuhk+ `n cõvjhgiha`nkgîgnc+ ihz} O|}hgghc |vhg}hk} `nf ung n ehfïg' 0Gîvéz|îan haï|v omhfïg nv ÖZgnc khayhg|vhg}hkuh'

?@n thmoa unknco òz}hkhg ï| uîzn}kngxk iha`nk nv b}}`bgîjng+ ï| }o|v}î}nknggî }h|vo niha|vhg}hk} ehfï}+ nccbz uîafn kh n `nfî} }o|v}xkî|n gntfîg+ n `h}hmoc gntbg gyézfn iha nv}' >4Ngybklnmoc gntbg thmoa uoayhg hk cï} ahzkï} unay cï} anknijb} n tnt`bv+ n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgncjhfîzn}î`bv' >>Cï|vé}|h hk n tnt nv hayoch} uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+ n iî|ocn} thmoa ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ ï|uïahvvhg ïz}h hgah|v}hkï|}+ ihz} uï}hcjh h|h}} n `bk}}h|} ion}}' Éay |vhg}hkfh iha öfjük n ehfï}nvbg n gntbg' >:\vhg}hkfh inaî} öfjük nv ÖZgnc gîvéz|îan omhfïzh+ ï| uoayhg hay hayïuh|jîzîgy} füuî}ï}hko îkmbvn}xk' Nv hkŞvŞ gntbc thmoa ghi |vîié}ngnc+ ihz} }o|v}î}nknggî uîk} n

gîvéz ehfh'




?

><Hv n gîvéz }õzuïgyh6 Niocbz kh}hkoc gîvéz|îaîgnc nv omhfh+ uhvh||ïc n cofhkhg}ï||î}zîgnc jhfîzn}î`bv' >=Ix}n||n jh îkmbvn}î} nv ÖZgnc6 hay hayïuh| òjî}kng `éi jîzîgy}ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ hay hayïuh| òjî}kng gŞ|}ïgy jîzîgy} uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+ hay òjî}kng cb|}jïchîkmbvn}xk+ >8hay cb|îz cbuî|v}nkng chgyhzh}+ eogbiko|v}jŞk bknffnk ayöz} khtïgyhch} ï|bknffnk ihachg} cbuî|v}nkng kîgab|bcn}+ n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü ï}hkîkmbvn}bccnk ï|

o}nkîkmbvn}bccnk hayû}}'>5

Ix}n||n jh n tnt nv ÖZ |végh hkŞ}}+ ï| cï|vé}|h hk n gîvézuï}hcîkmbvn}î} ï| ïaŞîkmbvn}î}' >1N cb|} o| cï|vé}|h hk jïchîkmbvn}xk nv ÖZgnc n cb|îzcbuî|v}nkng chgyïzzhk hayû}}' Cï|vé}|h hk n tnt nv n``bv }nz}bvü ï}hkîkmbvn}b} ï| o}nkîkmbvn}b}o|' >0N gîvéz thmoa gyézfn kh iha|vhg}hk} `nfcbzbgîfî} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgnc jhfîzn}îgîk+ nvx}îgebafn iha|vhg}hk} `nfcbzbgîfî}+ ï| }hayh nv} n }žvzh+ nihkyhg n jïchîkmbvn} ung' >?Ebafn n tntn cb| ihae Ş}} kntblcîfî}+ hay cbuî|v}nkng khtïgy} n cb|îzjük iha hay cbuî|v}nkng kîgab|}+}hayh n gîvéz }hgyhzïjh+ iox}îg n gîvéz khgyéz}n iha|vhg}hk} `nfcbzbgîfî}+ :4ï| ix}n||n ehknvbcn} n tnt ehkix}n}b}} îkmbvn}xk nv ÖZ |végh hkŞ}}' N tntï nv |vhg} nmbiîgycïg}+ nehkix}n}b}} îkmbvn}o |vhayhg ï| ehknfîgkb}} lbijbg céuûk' Nvx}îg n gîvéz o|iï} o`n} jbz}'

:>Hv n gîvéz }õzuïgyh+ nco ebanmnkin} }h}}' Nv ÖZgnc |vükü îkmbvn} hv `nfcbzbgîfîïz}+nvbg céuûk+ niozh }hkoc ghco' Öay chkk n gîvéz|îa }õzuïgyï} iha}nz}ngon+ n`bayng n ebanmnkin}

}h}}h'

Nv îzbgo îkmî| ::Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 :<Ibgmm iha Îzbggnc ï| eonognc6 Éay îkmfî}bc ihaOvzîhk eono}+ hv} ibgmfî}bc ghcoc6

:=Îkmfbg iha }ïahm nv ÖZ+ï| Şzovvhg iha }ïahm.

:8Znayba}n||n zîm bzlîfî} nv ÖZ+ï| cõgyõzûkfõg znf}nm.

:5Ebzmé}|n ehkïm bzlîfî} nv ÖZ+ï| nmfbg ghchm jïch||ïah}.

:1Éay ibgmfîc co n ghuhih} Ovzîhk eono ehkh}}+ ï| ïg ihaîkmbi Şch}'

1 N ehfhmhkihc nfîgmïcn >Niocbz jhehfhv}h Iüvh| n `nfkïc eõkîkké}î|î}+ eõkchg}h ï| eõk|vhg}hk}h nv} haï|veõk|vhzhkï|ïuhk hayû}}+ nv bk}îz} o| haï|v eõk|vhzhkï|ïuhk hayû}}3 eõkchg}h ï| eõk|vhg}hk}h nvbcn}':Nccbz bmnfîzxk}nc Ovzîhk ehfhmhkiho+ n gnayl|nkîmbc ehfho “ Şc ubk}nc n }õzv|hc ehfhmhkiho+ncoc n |vîijn uh}}hc ïkïg îkk}nc “+ <ï| bmnuo}}ïc îkmbvn}xcn} nv ÖZ hkï6 `n} eõmhkh| |vhchzh} ï|}ovhgcï} inz`î}+ cï} ehfhmhkhi hay |vhchzh}+ ï| iogmhayoc hay inz`î}' Bmnuhvh}}ïc nvbcn} n`nfkïc hkï' =Nccbz hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ6 8Uhmm î} }Şkûc hvhch} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgnc

|vbkaîkn}îzn3 nmm bmn n kïuo}îcgnc+ iogmhayocghc n inan |vbkaîkn}î`bv iïz}hg.

5

Î}uh}}h }h`î}Iüvh| n |vhchzhch} ï| n inz`îcn}+ ï| bmnnm}n n kïuo}îcgnc' 1Cï} |vhchzh} ï| gïay inz`î} nmb}}Aïz|üg eonognc+ |vbkaîkn}xc`bv iïz}hg' 0Gïay |vhchzh} ï| gybkl inz`î} thmoa Ihzîzé eonogncnmb}}+ |vbkaîkn}xc`bv iïz}hg+ nihkyh} É}îiîzgnc+ Îzbg e Ştnt eoîgnc n tnzngl|n |vhzog}uïahv}hc' ?Mh Ch`î} eonognc |hiio} |hi nmb}}+ ihz} nv Ş }hggounküfxc nv ubk}+ `bay n |vhg}mbkabcn} n uîkkxcbg uoayïc'

>4Nvx}îg bmnuo}}ïc n ehfhmhkihc nv bk}îz eõk|vhg}hkï|ïzh |vîg} nfîgmïcb} nvbg n gntbg+nihkyhg eõkchg}ïc nv}' N ehfhmhkihc bmnuo}}ïc îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcxcn} nv bk}îz hkï' >>Nccbz hv}ibgm}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ6 Iogmhg gnt hay)hay ehfhmhkhi uoayh bmn nv bk}îz eõk|vhg}hkï|ïzh|vîg} îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcî}'

>:Nv hk|Ş gntbg Gn`|üg+ Niiégîmîj eon+ Fömn }õzv|ïjŞk ix}n}}n jh îkmbvn}o

nfîgmïcî}'><

Îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn hay |vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö hvû|}}îk iha hay `h}uhg |hchk|ökyö hvû|} ̀ og}Şhmïgy ubk}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} “ iogmch}}Ş }hkh ubk} bknffnk ayöz}




>4

eogbiko|v}}hk+ ï}hkîkmbvn}xk “+ >=}buîjjî hay }év |hchk |ökyö nzngy|hzthgyŞ+ }hkheû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk+ >8hay jocnjbzfö+ hay cb| ï| hay hayïuh| jîzîgy ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ >5haychl|chjnc uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+ >1jïchîkmbvn}xk thmoa cï} inz`n+ õ} cb|+ õ} jnc ï| õ} hayïuh|jîzîgy' Hv Gn`|üggnc+ Niiégîmîj eoîgnc nv îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn'

>0N iî|bmoc gntbg Gh}ngïk+ Löîz eon+ O||ncîz ehfhmhkih îkmbvb}}' >?Jhix}n}}n îkmbvn}o

nfîgmïcî}6 hay |vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö hvû|}}îkn} iha hay `h}uhg |hchk |ökyö hvû|}òg}Şhmïgy}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} “ iogmch}}Ş }hkh ubk} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v}}hk+ ï}hkîkmbvn}xk“+ :4}buîjjî hay }év |hchk |ökyö nzngy|hzthgyŞ}+ }hkh eû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk+ :>hay jocnjbzfö}+ haycb|}+ hay hayïuh| jîzîgy} ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ ::hay chl|chjncb} uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+ :<jïchîkmbvn}xkthmoa cï} inz`î}+ õ} cb|}+ õ} jncb} ï| õ} hayïuh| jîzîgy}' Hv Gh}ngïkgnc+ Löîz eoîgnc nvîkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn'

:=N `nzinmoc gntbg Vhjxkbg eonognc n ehfhmhkih+ Hkéîj+ @ïküg eon cõuh}chvh}}':8Îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn hay |vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö hvû|}}îk iha hay `h}uhg |hchk |ökyö hvû|}òg}Şhmïgy ubk}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} “ iogmch}}Ş }hkh ubk} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v}}hk+ï}hkîkmbvn}xk “+ :5}buîjjî hay }év |hchk |ökyö nzngy|hzthgyŞ+ }hkh eû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk+ :1hayjocnjbzfö+ hay cb| ï| hay hayïuh| jîzîgy ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ :0hay chl|chjnc uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+:?jïchîkmbvn}xk thmoa cï} inz`n+ õ} cb|+ õ} jnc ï| õ} hayïuh| jîzîgy' Hv Hkéîjgnc+ @ïkügeoîgnc nv îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn'

<4N ghayhmoc gntbg Zöjhg eonognc n ehfhmhkih+ Hkélöz+ \hmïöz eon cõuh}chvh}}'<>Îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn hay |vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö hvû|}}îk iha hay `h}uhg |hchk |ökyö hvû|}òg}Şhmïgy ubk}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} “ iogmch}}Ş }hkh ubk} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v}}hk+ï}hkîkmbvn}xk “+ <:}buîjjî hay }év |hchk |ökyö nzngy|hzthgyŞ+ }hkh eû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk+ <<hayjocnjbzfö+ hay cb| ï| hay hayïuh| jîzîgy ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ <=hay chl|chjnc uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+<8jïchîkmbvn}xk thmoa cï} inz`n+ õ} cb|+ õ} jnc ï| õ} hayïuh| jîzîgy' Hv Hkélözgnc+ \hmïözeoîgnc nv îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn'

<5Nv õ}õmoc gntbg \oihbg eonognc n ehfhmhkih+ \hkxiéïk+ Lözé|nmmnf eon cõuh}chvh}}'<1Îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn hay |vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö hvû|}}îk iha hay `h}uhg |hchk |ökyö hvû|}òg}Şhmïgy ubk}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} “ iogmch}}Ş }hkh ubk} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v}}hk+ï}hkîkmbvn}xk “+ <0}buîjjî hay }év |hchk |ökyö nzngy|hzthgyŞ }hkh eû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk+ <?hayjocnjbzfö+ hay cb| ï| hay hayïuh| jîzîgy ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ =4hay chl|chjnc uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+=>jïchîkmbvn}xk thmoa cï} inz`n+ õ} cb|+ õ} jnc ï| õ} hayïuh| jîzîgy' Hv \hkxiéïkgnc+Lözé|nmmnf eoîgnc nv îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn'

=:N `n}bmoc gntbg Aîm eonognc n ehfhmhkih+ Hkfî|vîe+ Mhöïk eon cõuh}chvh}}' =<Îkmbvn}onfîgmïcn hay |vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö hvû|}}îk iha hay `h}uhg |hchk |ökyö hvû|} òg}Şhmïgyubk}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} “ iogmch}}Ş }hkh ubk} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v}}hk+ ï}hkîkmbvn}xk “+==}buîjjî hay }év |hchk |ökyö nzngy|hzthgyŞ+ }hkh eû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk+ =8hay jocnjbzfö+ hay cb| ï|hay hayïuh| jîzîgy ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ =5hay chl|chjnc uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+ =1jïchîkmbvn}xk thmoa cï}

inz`n+ õ} cb|+ õ} jnc ï| õ} hayïuh| jîzîgy' Hv Hkfî|vîegnc+ Mhöïk eoîgnc nv îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn'=0N `h}hmoc gntbg Heznoi eonognc n ehfhmhkih+ Hké|îiî+ Niié`öm eon cõuh}chvh}}'=?Îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn hay |vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö hvû|}}îk iha hay `h}uhg |hchk |ökyö hvû|}òg}Şhmïgy ubk}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} “ iogmch}}Ş }hkh ubk} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v}}hk+ï}hkîkmbvn}xk “+ 84}buîjjî hay }év |hchk |ökyö nzngy|hzthgyŞ+ }hkh eû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk+ 8>hayjocnjbzfö+ hay cb| ï| hay hayïuh| jîzîgy ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ 8:hay chl|chjnc uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+8<jïchîkmbvn}xk thmoa cï} inz`n+ õ} cb|+ õ} jnc ï| õ} hayïuh| jîzîgy' Hv Hké|îiîgnc+Niié`öm eoîgnc nv îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn'

8=N gybklnmoc gntbg Ingn||ï eonognc n ehfhmhkih+ Anikéïk+ Thmîlöz eon cõuh}chvh}}'88Îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn hay |vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö hvû|}}îk iha hay `h}uhg |hchk |ökyö hvû|}òg}Şhmïgy ubk}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} “ iogmch}}Ş }hkh ubk} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v}}hk+

ï}hkîkmbvn}xk “+85

}buîjjî hay }év |hchk |ökyö nzngy|hzthgyŞ+ }hkh eû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk+81

hayjocnjbzfö+ hay cb| ï| hay hayïuh| jîzîgy ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ 80hay chl|chjnc uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+




>>

8?jïchîkmbvn}xk thmoa cï} inz`n+ õ} cb|+ õ} jnc ï| õ} hayïuh| jîzîgy' Hv Anikéïkgnc+ Thmîlözeoîgnc nv îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn'

54N cokhglhmoc gntbg Jhgfîiog eonognc n ehfhmhkih+ Njémîg+ Aomügé eon cõuh}chvh}}'5>Îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn hay |vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö hvû|}}îk iha hay `h}uhg |hchk |ökyö hvû|}òg}Şhmïgy ubk}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} “ iogmch}}Ş }hkh ubk} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v}}hk+

ï}hkîkmbvn}xk “+5:

}buîjjî hay }év |hchk |ökyö nzngy|hzthgyŞ+ }hkh eû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk+5<

hayjocnjbzfö+ hay cb| ï| hay hayïuh| jîzîgy ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ 5=hay chl|chjnc uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+58jïchîkmbvn}xk thmoa cï} inz`n+ õ} cb|+ õ} jnc ï| õ} hayïuh| jîzîgy' Hv Njémîggnc+ Aomügé eoîgnc nv îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn'

55N }ovhmoc gntbg Mîg eonognc n ehfhmhkih+ N`éhvhz+ Niié|nmmnf eon cõuh}chvh}}'51Îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn hay |vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö hvû|}}îk iha hay `h}uhg |hchk |ökyö hvû|}òg}Şhmïgy ubk}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} “ iogmch}}Ş }hkh ubk} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v}}hk+ï}hkîkmbvn}xk “+ 50}buîjjî hay }év |hchk |ökyö nzngy|hzthgyŞ+ }hkh eû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk+ 5?hayjocnjbzfö+ hay cb| ï| hay hayïuh| jîzîgy ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ 14hay chl|chjnc uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+1>jïchîkmbvn}xk thmoa cï} inz`n+ õ} cb|+ õ} jnc ï| õ} hayïuh| jîzîgy' Hv N`éhvhzghc+Niié|nmmnf eoîgnc nv îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn'

1:N }ovhghayhmoc gntbg Î|ïz eonognc n ehfhmhkih+ Tnaéïk+ Bczîg eon cõuh}chvh}}'1<Îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn hay |vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö hvû|}}îk iha hay `h}uhg |hchk |ökyö hvû|}òg}Şhmïgy ubk}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} “ iogmch}}Ş }hkh ubk} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v}}hk+ï}hkîkmbvn}xk “+ 1=}buîjjî hay }év |hchk |ökyö nzngy|hzthgyŞ+ }hkh eû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk+ 18hayjocnjbzfö+ hay cb| ï| hay hayïuh| jîzîgy ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ 15hay chl|chjnc uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+11jïchîkmbvn}xk thmoa cï} inz`n+ õ} cb|+ õ} jnc ï| õ} hayïuh| jîzîgy' Hv Tnaéïkgnc+ Bczîgeoîgnc nv îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn'

10N }ovhgch}}hmoc gntbg Gne}îko eonognc n ehfhmhkih+ N`ézn+ Ïgîg eon cõuh}chvh}}'1?Îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn hay |vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö hvû|}}îk iha hay `h}uhg |hchk |ökyö hvû|}òg}Şhmïgy ubk}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog} “ iogmch}}Ş }hkh ubk} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v}}hk+ï}hkîkmbvn}xk “+ 04}buîjjî hay }év |hchk |ökyö nzngy|hzthgyŞ+ }hkh eû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk+ 0>hayjocnjbzfö+ hay cb| ï| hay hayïuh| jîzîgy ïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ 0:hay chl|chjnc uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+0<jïchîkmbvn}xk thmoa cï} inz`n+ õ} cb|+ õ} jnc ï| õ} hayïuh| jîzîgy' Hv N`ézîgnc+ Ïgîgeoîgnc nv îkmbvn}o nfîgmïcn'

0=Hv ubk} Ovzîhk ehfhmhkihoghc nv bk}îz eõk|vhg}hkï|ïzh |vîg} nfîgmïcn nvbg n gntbg+nihkyhg eõkchg}ïc nv}6 }ovhgcï} hvû|}}îk+ }ovhgcï} hvû|} òg}Şhmïgy ï| }ovhgcï} nzngy|hzthgyŞ'08\vîv`nziogl |hchk |ökyö ubk} hay)hay hvû|}}îk+ `h}uhg |hchk |ökyö hay)hay hvû|} òg}Şhmïgy'Nv hvû|}hmïgyhc |ökyn õ||vh|hg cï}hvhz)gïay|vîv |hchk ubk}+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog}' 05]buîjjî}ovhgcï} nzngy|hzthgyŞ+ }hkh eû|}õkŞ|vhzhcchk' ]év |hchk |ökyö ubk} hay)hay |hzthgyŞ+ n |vhg}|hchk |vhzog}' Nv nzngy|hzthgyŞc |ökyn õ||vh|hg |vîv`ö|v |hchk ubk}' 01ÏaŞîkmbvn}zn |vîg}inz`n ubk} õ||vh|hg }ovhgcï} jocn+ nvx}îg }ovhgcï} cb| ï| }ovhgcï} hayïuh| jîzîgy+ n `bvvîfxc

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Hv} l|hkhchmm uhkûc+ `bay iha}o|v}xkfngnc6 òg}| zîfxc uï}hc}Şk iha}o|v}é}ü uovh}+haï|v }h|}ûch} jbzb}uîkfîc kh+ ib||îc co zx`îfxcn}+ `bay }o|v}îc khayhghc'0Uhayhghc hayjocnjbzfö} ï| `bvvî ï}hkîkmbvn}xk bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v}h}' Hay iî|oc jocnjbzfö} thmoa uïayuï}hcîkmbvn}xk' ?Uhvh|m n kïuo}îcn} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zn hkï+ ï| ayž f}|m õ||vh Ovzîhk eonognc haï|vcõvõ||ïaï}' >4Nvx}îg uhvh|m n kïuo}îcn} nv ÖZ |végh hkï+ ï| Ovzîhk eono }hayïc chvûch} nkïuo}îczn' >>Îzbg thmoa nfîgkfn ehk n kïuo}îcn} iog} Ovzîhk eono ehkix}n}b}} îkmbvn}î} nv ÖZgnc+`bay Şc uïahvvïc nv ÖZ |vbkaîkn}î}' >:N kïuo}îc }hayïc chvûch} n jocîc ehfïzh+ }h thmoacï|vé}|m hk nv hayoc jocî} uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+ n iî|ocn} thmoa ïaŞîkmbvn}xk nv ÖZgnc+hgah|v}hkï|ûk n kïuo}îcïz}' ><Îkké}|m n kïuo}îcn} Îzbg ï| eono hkï+ ï| nfîgkm ehk Şch} ehkix}n}b}}îkmbvn}xk nv ÖZgnc. >=Éay uîkn|vm cûkõg n kïuo}îcn} Ovzîhk eono}ük+ `bay n kïuo}îc nv hgyïihckhayhghc' >8L|nc nvx}îg chvm`h}oc hk n kïuo}îc n |vbkaîkn}b} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk+ iox}îg

iha}o|v}é}b}}nm ï| ehkix}n}b}} îkmbvn}xk ehknfîgkb}}nm Şch}' >5Ihz} ghchi |vükü nmbiîgybc ŞcOvzîhk eono cõvõ}}' Ŕch} uîkn|v}b}}ni co inanignc Ovzîhk eono cõvûk iogmhg hk|Ş|vûkõ}} `hkyh}}+nco ngyfn iï`ï} ihagyo}fn' >1Ihz} hgyïi Ovzîhk eono cõvõ}} iogmhg hk|Ş|vûkõ}}+ ncîz hijhz}Şk+ncîz îkkn}}ük unkü' Nccbz |vhg}hk}hi Şch} inanignc+ niocbz kh|öf}b}}ni Hayot}bi eõkmfïgiogmhg hk|Ş|vûkõ}}zh' >0Unknihggyo hk|Ş|vûkõ}} `hkyh}} n kïuo}îcn} uîkn|v}b}}ni co inanigncOvzîhk eono cõvûk+ >?ï| Ovzîhk eono cõvûk n kïuo}îcn} nmbiîgycïg} Îzbggnc ï| eonognc nm}ni+`bay Ovzîhk eono `hkyh}} Şc uïahvvïc n |vbkaîkn}b} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk' \vhzhvvhghchgah|v}hkï|} Ovzîhk eonoïz}+ `bay gh |öf}|n l|ntî| Ovzîhk eono}+ `n n |vhg}ïky`hv cõvhkhmghc'

:4Iüvh|+ Îzbg ï| Ovzîhk eonognc haï|v cõvõ||ïah h|vhzog} fîz} hk n kïuo}îccnk'Iogmhgjhg öay fîz}nc hk Ovzîhk eono n kïuo}îccnk+ n`bayng Iüvh|ghc ihatnzngl|bk}n nv Ö Z':>N kïuo}îc iha}o|v}é}b}}îc inaxcn} uï}choc}Şk+ ï| coib|}îc zx`îfxcn}' Îzbg thmoa ehknfîgkb}}nŞch} nfîgmïcxk nv ÖZgnc+ ï| hgah|v}hkï|} uïavh}} ïz}ûc Îzbg+ `bay iha}o|v}é}|n Şch}' ::L|ncnvx}îg chvm}ïc iha n kïuo}îc |vbkaîkn}xcn} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk+ Îzbg ï| eono ozîgyé}î|îunk'Öay fîz}nc hk n kïuo}îccnk cntl|bkn}jng+ n`bayng Iüvh|ghc ihatnzngl|bk}n nv ÖZ'

:<Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 :=Iïa hv o| n kïuo}îczn }nz}bvoc6 n `x|vbgõ} ïuhgehkûko kïuo}n `nmcõ}hkh|+ ï| uïahvvhg |vbkaîkn}b} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk' :8Õ}uhgïuh| cbzîjngthmoa ubgxkfbg uo||vn n |vbkaîkn}b} uïavŞc |hzhaïjŞk+ ï| gh uïahvvhg }buîjj |vbkaîkn}b}+:5|haïmchv`h} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk }hggounküoc hkuïavï|ïjhg n }h|}uïzhoghc+ |vbkaîkn}b}nvbgjng gh uïahvvhg' Éay |vnjm iha n kïuo}îc }hggounküo}'

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N tî|cn ihaûgghtkï|h >Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ n \égno)tx|v}îjng+ n iî|bmoc ïu hk|Ş `ügntfîjng nvx}îg+`bay cofõ}}hc Hayot}bijük6 :Cï|vé}|ïc hk Ovzîhk eono n tî|cî} n iha|vnjb}} omŞjhg' <Hgghc n`ügntgnc n }ovhgghayhmoc gntfîg+ h|}hehkï cï|vé}|ïc hk n iha|vnjb}} omŞjhg' Haï|vhg n zîubgn}cbvü zhgmhkchvï|hc ï| hkŞézî|bc |vhzog} cï|vé}|ï}hc hk' =Ihaibgm}n }h`î} Iüvh| Ovzîhkeonognc+ `bayng cï|vé}|ïc hk n tî|cî}' 8Hk o| cï|vé}h}}ïc n tî|cî} nv hk|Ş `ügnt }ovhgghayhmocgntfîg+ h|}hehkï n \égno)tx|v}îjng' Iogmhgjhg öay fîz}nc hk Ovzîhk eono+ n`bayng Iüvh|ghcihatnzngl|bk}n nv ÖZ'

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Ŕc n iî|bmoc `ügnt }ovhgghayhmoc gntfîg+ h|}hehkï cï|vé}|ïc hk+ï| cbuî|v}nkng chgyïzzhk iha ch|hzž eûuhcchk hayïc iha' >:Gh `nayfngnc jhkŞkh zhaahkzh+ ï|n l|bg}fî} |hi |vnjnm hk}õzgo' Iogmhgjhg öay cï|vé}|ïc hk+ n`bay n tî|cîzn ubgn}cbvü

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l|ntn}bc ïkïg' \hzhaûch} Gn`|üg+ Niiégîmîj eon uhvh}}h' >8O||ncîz eono }õzv|ïghc n |hzhaï}Gh}ngïk+ Löîz eon uhvh}}h' >5Vhjxkbg eono }õzv|ïghc n |hzhaï} Hkéîj+ @ïküg eon uhvh}}h' >1Iox}îgn `nfkïcb} khjbg}b}}îc+ hkogmxk}nc Aïz|üg ï| Ihzîzé eono+ n `nfkïc `bzmbvüo' >0Nvx}îg Zöjhg}îjbzîgnc n `nmofhkuïgyh ogmxk} hk n l|ntn}bc ïkïg' \hzhaûch} Hkélöz+ \hmïöz eon uhvh}}h'>?\oihbg eono }õzv|ïghc n |hzhaï} \hkxiéïk+ Lözé|nmmnf eon uhvh}}h' :4Aîm eono }õzv|ïghc n

|hzhaï} Hkfî|vîe+ Mhöïk eon uhvh}}h':>

Infm hkogmxk}nc n ch`î}onc o|+ n |vhg}ïky `bzmbvüo3 n}õjjohc iîz eõkîkké}b}}îc n `nfkïcb}+ iozh Şc ihaïzchv}hc' ::Nvx}îg Heznoi eono }îjbzîgnc n`nmofhkuïgyh ogmxk} hk n l|ntn}bc ïkïg' \hzhaûch} Hké|îiî+ Niié`öm eon uhvh}}h' :<Ingn||ïeono }õzv|ïghc n |hzhaï} Anikéïk+ Thmîlöz eon uhvh}}h' :=Jhgfîiog eono }õzv|ïghc n |hzhaï}Njémîg+ Aomügé eon uhvh}}h' :8Infm Mîg eono }îjbzîgnc n `nmofhkuïgyh ogmxk} hk n l|ntn}bc ïkïg+iog} nv haï|v }îjbz x}üuïmfh' \hzhaûch} N`éhvhz+ Niié|nmmnf eon uhvh}}h' :5Î|ïz eono}õzv|ïghc n |hzhaï} Tnaéïk+ Bczîg eon uhvh}}h' :1Gne}îko eono }õzv|ïghc n |hzhaï} N`ézn+ Ïgîg eonuhvh}}h' :0Hv ubk} Ovzîhk eono }îjbzjbg}î|îgnc n zhgmfh+ |hzhahoc |vhzog}+ unkn`îgy|vbzhkogmxk}nc'

:?Iüvh| éay |vük} @üjîj`bv+ n iomfîgo Zhöïkgnc+ Iüvh| ntü|îgnc n eoî`bv6 Iohkogmxkxgc nzzn n `hkyzh+ nihkyzŞk nv} ibgm}n nv ÖZ6 Ghc}hc nmbi nv}' Ayhzh uhkûgc+ ï| io

fü} }h|vûgc uhkhm+ ihz} nv ÖZ fü} éaïz} Ovzîhkghc' <4Mh Ş éay ehkhk} ghco6 Ghi ihayhc+ ogcîjjuo||vnihayhc `nvîijn+ n zbcbg|îabi`bv' <>Iüvh| hv} ibgm}n6 Gh `nayf hk jhggûgch}+ò|vhg }h }xmbm+ `bk kh`h} }îjbz} û}gûgc n tx|v}îjng' ]h kïay n uhvh}Şgc. <:@n uhkûgc fõ||v+nccbz zï|vh|é}hgo ebaxgc iogmnjjng n füjng+ nio} uhkûgc }h|v nv ÖZ'

<<Éay ogmxk}nc hk nv ÖZ `hayï}Şk hay `îzbignto ö}zn' N `îzbignto ö}bg nv ÖZ |võuh}|ïaïghc kîmîfn ubgxk} hkŞ}}ûc+ `bay to`hgŞ`hkyh} chzh||hg ghcoc' <=Nv ÖZ ehk`Ş fh ubk}ehkh}}ûc gnttnk+ niocbz hkogmxk}nc n }îjbzjük' <8Unkn`îgy|vbz hkogmxk} n kîmn+ hv} ibgm}nIüvh|6

Chkf eõk+ XZni. \vüzümfngnc |vï} hkkhg|ïahom+ayžkõkŞom ihghcûkfhghc hkŞkhm.

<5Niocbz thmoa ihaîkk}+ hv} ibgm}n6]ïzf uo||vn+ XZni+ Ovzîhk hvzhoghc |bcn|îaî`bv.

>> N }îjbzïaï| >N gït thmoa ebky}bg l|nc tngn|vcbmb}} nv ÖZgnc+ `bay zb||vxk ihay n |bzn' Nv ÖZ thmoaiha`nkkb}}n+ ï| `nznazn ahzfhm}' Eõkayxkknm} hkkhgûc nv ÖZ }ûvh+ ï| jhkhcntb}} n }îjbz |vïkïjh' :Hccbz n gït |haé}|ïaïz} coîk}b}} Iüvh|`hv+ Iüvh| thmoa oiîmcbvb}} nv ÖZ`bv+ ï| hknkxm} n}žv' <Nv} n `hkyh} thmoa ]njïzîgnc ghuhv}ïc hk+ nio nv} fhkhg}o6 ‗ehkayxkknm} hkkhgûc nv ÖZ }ûvh’'

N gït `ö|} céuîg =N cõvõ}}ûc khuŞ ayûkhuï|v gït|ïa nvbgjng }hk`h}h}khg ubk}+ hvïz} Ovzîhk eono o| öfzn |ozîgcbvgochvm}hc6 Co nm ghcûgc uïazh `ö|} hggo2 8Hikïc|vûgc+ `bay Hayot}bijng ogayhg h}}ûgc `nkn}+xjbzcî}+ moggyï}+ tüzï`nayiî}+ uõzõ|`nayiî} ï| ebc`nayiî}' 5Ib|} thmoa hkhthmûgc+ ihz}|hiio} |hi kî}xgc n inggîg céuûk' 1N inggn bkyng ubk}+ iog} n cbzongmhzina+ `n|bgkü nvokkn}b| ayng}nl|htt`hv' 0N gït hk|vïkhm}+ ï| öay |vhmhah}}h' Cïvoinkibg ihaŞzõk}ïc+ unayibv|îzjng iha}õz}ïc+ nvx}îg envïcjng ihae Şv}ïc+ ï| khtïgy} cï|vé}h}}hc jhkŞkh' Bkyng évhubk}+ iog} nv bknfb| |û}hiïgyghc' ?Niocbz n `nzin} kh|vîkk} ïffhk n }îjbzzn+ nccbz `xkkb}} zî ninggn o|' >4Iüvh| iha`nkkb}}n+ `bay n gït |ozîgcbvoc+ hayoc ghivh}|ïa ïttöay+ iog} niî|oc+ iogmhgco n |î}zn jhfîzn}îgîk' Nccbz oahg eõkahzfhm} nv ÖZ `nznafn+ ï| Iüvh| o|zb||vgnc kî}}n hv}' >>Hvïz} Iüvh| hv} ibgm}n nv ÖZgnc6 Ioïz} }h}}ïk |vbkaîmmnk okyhg zb||vn}2

Ioïz} ghi unay füogmxkn}}nk `bvvîi+ ioïz} znc}nm zîi hgghc nv haï|v gïtghc n abgmfî}2>:Unfbg jhgghi ebang} hv nv haï|v gït+ unay ïg |vûk}hi)h+ `bay hv} ibgmbm ghchi6




>8

N`bayng n mnfcn uo|vo n l|hl|hiŞ}+ öay uomm nv õkhmjhg nzzn n eõkmzh+ nihkyh} }h éaïz}ïk bmnh|cûuhk n}yîocgnc2 ><@bggng uhayhc `ö|}+ `bay nmfnc hgghc nv haï|v gïtghc2 @o|vhg éay|ozîgcbvgnc hkŞ}}hi6 Nmf ghcûgc `ö|}+ `nmm hayûgc. >=Ghi }xmbi hayhmûk uoggo hv} nv haï|vgïth}+ ihz} }ök gh`ïv ghchi' >8@n éay jîg|v uhkhi+ ogcîjj gybijng õkf iha+ kïay hggyo

füogmxkn}}nk `bvvîi. Gh chkkfhg kî}gbi gybibzö|îabin}.

N `h}uhg tzüeï}îkü uïg >5Nvx}îg hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ6 Ayž f}| õ||vh ghchi `h}uhg eïzeo} Ovzîhk uïgho cõvûk+ncoczŞk }xmbm+ `bay n gït uïgho ï| hkõkfîzüo' Uomm bmn Şch} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zî`bv+ ï| b}}îkkfngnc ihkkïm' >1Nccbz kh|vîkkbc+ ï| jh|vïkhc b}} uhkhm' Hkuh|vhc njjük n kïkhcjŞk+ nihkyznf}nm gyxa|voc+ ï| zîfxc o| coîzn|v}bi+ `bay uhkhm hayû}} `bzmbvvîc n gït }hz`ï}+ ï| gh`bzmbvm nv} hayhmûk' >0N gïtghc thmoa ibgmm iha6 \vhg}hkfï}hc iha inan}bcn} `bkgntzn+ihz} `ö|} h|v}hc. @o|vhg éay |ozîgcbv}bc nv ÖZgnc6 Co nm ghcûgc uïazh `ö|} hggo2 Iokyhg fümbkaxgc ubk} Hayot}bijng. Hvïz} infm nm ghc}hc nv ÖZ `ö|}+ ï| h`h}}hc' >?Ghil|nc haygntoa h`h}}hc+ ghi o| cï} gntoa+ ghi õ} gntoa+ ghi }év gntoa+ ghi `ö|v gntoa+ :4`nghi hayîkkü `ügntoa+ iéa l|nc co ghi `îgyfî}bc+ ï| iéa iha ghi xgmbzbm}bc }Şkh+ iouhk

ihauh}h}}ï}hc nv XZn}+ nco cõv}h}hc ung+ ï| éay |ozîgcbv}n}bc hkŞ}}h6 Ioïz} o| fõ}}ûgc coHayot}bijük2 :>Nccbz hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|6 @n}|vîvhvhz aynkbab|jük îkk n gït cõzûkõ}}hi+ ï| }hnv} ibgmbm6 @ö|} nmbc ghcoc hggo hay îkkü `ügntoa2. ::Kh`h})h nggyo fx`b} ï| inz`î} uîagoghcoc+ `bay hkïa khayhg ghcoc2 Unay õ||vh kh`h})h ayž f}hgo n }hgahz iogmhg `nkî}+ `bay hkïakhayhg ghcoc2 :<Mh nv ÖZ hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|ghc6 ]nkîg chuï| h``hv nv ÖZ hzhfh2 Ib|} infmihakî}bm+ jh}hkfh|hmoc)h nv ïg |vnuni+ unay |hi. :=Iüvh| coihg}+ ï| hkjh|vïk}h n gïtghc nvÖZ |vnuno}+ infm õ||vhayž f}õ}} `h}uhg eïzeo} n gït uïgho cõvûk+ ï| n |î}bz cõzï îkké}b}}n Şch}':8Nv ÖZ thmoa kh|vîkk} ehk`Şjhg+ ï| jh|vïk} `bvvî' Infm hkuh}} njjük n kïkhcjŞk+ nihkyIüvh|hg gyxabmb}}+ ï| coîzn|v}b}}n n `h}uhg uïgzh' Niocbz n kïkhc kh|vîkk} zîfxc+ nccbztzüeï}îk}nc+ mh iî|cbz ghi' :5Cï} eïzeo nvbgjng n }îjbzjng inznm}6 nv hayocghc Hkmîm+ niî|ocgnc Iïmîm ubk} n ghuh' Zîfxc o| coîznm} n kïkhc+ ihz} Şc o| nv õ||vhéz}nc cõvõ}} ubk}nc+jîz ghi ihg}hc co n |î}bz`bv' Ŕc n }îjbzjng chvm}hc tzüeï}îkgo' :1Hay |vbkan hkex}b}}+ ï|

fhkhg}h}}h Iüvh|ghc+ `bay Hkmîm ï| Iïmîm tzüeï}îkgnc n }îjbzjng' :0Nccbz iha|vüknk}Füv|xï+ Gög eon+ nco oeföcbzî}ük ebaun Iüvh| |vbkaîfn ubk}+ ï| hv} ibgm}n6 Xzni+ Iüvh|+ }ok}|miha ghcoc. :?Mh Iüvh| éay ehkhk} ghco6 Hgahi ncnz|v eïk}ïchgyhg uïmhgo2 Jîzl|nc nv ÖZ haï|v gïth tzüeï}n ubkgn+ ï| zîfxc o| coîzn|v}ngî khkcï} nv ÖZ. <4Hvx}îg Iüvh| uo||vnubgxk} n}îjbzjn Ovzîhk uïghouhk hayû}}'

N eûzfhc <>Nccbz nv ÖZ |vhkh} }îin|v}b}}+ nihky n }hgahz ehkŞk eûzfhch} |bmbz} inaîunk+ ï| kh|vüz}n Şch}n }îjbzzn+ ogghg o|+ bggng o| haygnto }îubk|îajng n }îjbz cõzûk+ cï} cõgyõcgyozh n eõkm |végïg' <:

Nccbz ghcoîkk} n gït+ ï| haï|v gnt ï| haï|v ïffhk+ |Ş

} nv haï|v cõuh}chvŞ

gntbg o| ayž f}õ}}ïcn eûzfhch}' Iïa nco chuh|h} ayž f}õ}}+ nv o| ayž f}õ}} }év `üihz}+ ï| |vï}}hzé}h}}ïc nvbcn} n }îjbz

cõzûk' <<Mh n `ö| iïa n ebaxc cõvõ}} ubk}+ iïa iha |hi zîa}îc+ niocbz nv Ö Z `nznazn ahzfhm}n gït hkkhg+ ï| ihauhz}h nv ÖZ n gïth} hay oahg gnay l|ntî||nk' <=Nv} n `hkyh} Cojzü})]nnuîgnc ghuhv}ïc hk+ ihz} b}} }hih}}ïc hk n }hk`h}h}khg gïth}' <8Cojzü})]nnuîjük hkogmxk} ngït @nlïzü} ehkï+ infm @nlïzü}jng }nz}üvcbm}nc'

>: Iozfîi tbckb||îan >Hay|vhz Iozfîi ï| Îzbg Iüvh| hkkhg jh|vïk} nv h}oüt n||vbgy ion}}+ nco} hkuh}}' Ihz} Iüvh|hay h}oüt n||vbgy} uh}} ehkh|ïaûk' :Hv} ibgm}îc6 Unfbg l|nc Iüvh| îk}nk jh|vïk} nv ÖZ2 Ghi

jh|vïk})h ioîk}nkxgc o|2 Mh nv ÖZ iha`nkkb}}n'<

Hv n Iüvh| thmoa oahg nkîvn}b| ubk}+ n eõkmõgïkŞ iogmhg hijhzgïk nkîvn}b|njj' =Nv ÖZ nccbz zõa}õg hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|ghc+ Îzbggnc ï|




>5

Iozfîignc6 Ihgfh}hc co iogm`îzing n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zî`bv' Co o| ihg}hc iogm`îzing' 8Nccbznv ÖZ kh|vîkk} ehk`Şb|vkbtjng+ ihaîkk} n |î}bz jhfîzn}îgîk+ ï| |vüké}b}}n Îzbg} ï| Iozfîib}+ Şcch}}hg thmoa bmnihg}hc' 5Nv ÖZ hv} ibgm}n6 @nkkfî}bc iha jh|vïmhih}6 @n ung nv ÖZgnctzüeï}îfn cõv}h}hc+ nvvnk kî}biî|jng o|ihz}h}hi iha inani+ îkbijng jh|vïkhc `bvvî' 1Mhghi okyhg Iüvh|+ n |vbkaîi. Ŕzî nv haï|v `îvni ung jévun. 0\vhi}Şk |vhijhg jh|vïkhc

uhkh+ uokîab|ng+ ghi zhf}ïkyh|hg+ nv ÖZ nkncfî} o| ihatokkng}`n}fn' @bay ihz}h}hc `î} |vbkaîi+Iüvh| hkkhg jh|vïkgo2. ?Nv ÖZ `nznazn ahzfhm} hkkhgûc+ ï| hk}îubvb}}' >4Niocbz n ehk`Ş hk}îubvb}} n |î}bzzük+ Iozfîi n tbckb||îa}ük bkyng eh`ïz kh}}+ iog} n `ü' Îzbg Iozfîi ehkïebzmxk}+ ï| kî}}n+ `bay tbckb|' >>Nccbz hv} ibgm}n Îzbg Iüvh|ghc6 Cïzkhc+ xzni+ gh zümm eõkghcûgc hv} n uï}ch}+ nihkyh} h|v}hkhgûk hkcõuh}}ûgc. >:Gh khayhg bkyng Iozfîi+ iog} n `nkun|vûkh}h}}+ ncoghc n }h|}h eïkoa iîz b|vkî|gnc ogmxk}. ><Hccbz Iüvh| éay coîk}b}} nv ÖZ`bv6O|}hghi+ ayüayé}|m iha Ş}. >=Nv ÖZ nvbgjng hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|ghc6 @n l|nc nv ntfn cõt}hubkgn |vhijh+ nccbz o| |vïayhgchvgoh chkkhgh `ï} gntoa' Vîzfîc co n }îjbzjük `ï} gntzn+ ï|l|nc nvx}îg ebanmfîc uo||vn. >8Co o| vîz}îc Iozfîib} n }îjbzjük `ï} gntzn' N gït ghi ogmxk}}buîjj nmmoa+ niéa uo||vn ghi ebanm}îc Iozfîib}' >5Nvx}îg hkogmxk} n gït @nlïzü}jük+ ï| nTîzîg)tx|v}îjng û}õ}} }îjbz}'

>< Iüvh| cïihch} cûkm Cîgnîgjn >Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 :Cûkmf eïzeoncn}+ `bay cïikhkfïc co Cîgnîg eõkmfï}+nihkyh} infm Ovzîhk eonognc nmbc' Iogmhayoc Ş|o }õzv|jŞk hay eïzeo} cûkmfh}hc+ iogm}hcog}ïkyh| hijhz khayhg' <Iüvh| hkcûkm}h Şch} n Tîzîg)tx|v}îjük nv ÖZ tnzngl|n |vhzog}'Unknihggyohg e Şhijhzhc ubk}nc Ovzîhkjhg' =Gïu |vhzog} hvhc ubk}nc6 Zöjhg }õzv|ïjŞk\niiön+ Vnccöz eon' 8\oihbg }õzv|ïjŞk \îeî}+ @üzo eon' 5Fömn }õzv|ïjŞk Cîkïj+ Fhexggh eon'1O||ncîz }õzv|ïjŞk Foaîk+ Fü|vïe eon' 0Heznoi }õzv|ïjŞk @ü|ïn+ Gög eon' ?Jhgfîiog }õzv|ïjŞkTnk}é+ Zîeö eon' >4Vhjxkbg }õzv|ïjŞk Anmméïk+ \vümé eon' >>N Füv|he }õzv|ï`hv }nz}bvü Ingn||ï)}õzv|jŞk Anmmé+ \vö|vé eon' >:Mîg }õzv|ïjŞk Niiéïk+ Ahinkké eon' ><Î|ïz }õzv|ïjŞk \vh}öz+Iécîïk eon' >=Gne}îko }õzv|ïjŞk Gn`jé+ Ube|vé eon' >8Aîm }õzv|ïjŞk Ahöïk+ Iîcé eon' >5Éay `éu}îcnvbcn} n eïzeoncn}+ ncoch} hkcûkmõ}} Iüvh|+ `bay cïikhkfïc co nv bz|vîab}' Iüvh| @ü|ïî}+ Gögeoî} Füv|xïgnc ghuhv}h hk'

>1Niocbz hkcûkm}h Şch} Iüvh|+ `bay cïikhkfïc co Cîgnîg eõkmfï}+ hv} ibgm}n ghcoc6Ihgfh}hc o}} n Mïkuomïchg î}+ eõk n `hayuomïczh' >0Gïvvï}hc iha+ `bay iokyhg nv n eõkm+ ï| nznf}n kncü gït hzŞ|)h unay ayhgah+ chuï|)h unay |bc. >?Iokyhg nv n eõkm+ nihkyhg kncoc6 fü)hunay zb||v2 Iokyhghc n uîzb|bc+ nihkyhcjhg kncoc6 }îjbzeïkïc unay ihahzŞ|é}h}} `hkyhc2:4Iokyhg n eõkm6 cõuïz)h unay |buîgy+ ung)h znf}n en unay gogl|2 Khayh}hc jî}znc+ ï| `bvvn}bcn eõkm ayûiõkl|hojŞk. Nccbz ïtthg nv hk|Ş |vŞkŞeûz}õc ïzï|ïghc nv omhfh ubk}' :>Hkihg}hc}h`î} n eïzeonc+ ï| cocïikhk}ïc n eõkmh}+ n Log)tx|v}î}ük haï|vhg Zh`üjoa+ n @niî}jn uhvh}Ş

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:8Ghayuhg gnt iökun uo||vn}ïz}hc nv bz|vîa cocïikhkï|ïjŞk' :5Uo||vnihg}hc+ ï|ihaïzchv}hc Iüvh|`hv+ Îzbg`bv ï| Ovzîhk eonognc haï|v cõvõ||ïaï`hv n Tîzîg)tx|v}îjn+Cîmï|jn' Jh|vîibk}nc ghcoc iha nv haï|v cõvõ||ïaghc+ ï| ihaix}n}}îc ghcoc n eõkmayûiõkl|ho}' :1Hkjh|vïkï|ûcjhg hv} ibgm}îc ghco6 Hkihg}ûgc nzzn n eõkmzh+ n`buî cûkm}ïkjhggûgch}' Unküjng }hffhk ï| iïvvhk ebkyü eõkm nv+ okyhg n ayûiõkl|h. :0L|nc`bay hzŞ| gïtkncoc nvbg n eõkmõg+ n uîzb|bc enknccnk unggnc ihahzŞ|é}uh ï| gnaybg gnaybc+ |Ş}+ iïa Ngîc

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>1

Cîkïj l|o}é}b}}n n gïth}+ nihky Iüvh| hkkhg ebzmxk}+ ihz} hv} ibgm}n6 Jî}zng eõkih`h}ûgc ï|hkebaknk`n}fxc+ ihz} kh }xmfxc ayŞvgo Şch}+ <>mh nvbc n eïzeonc+ ncoc uhkh ihg}hc+ hv} ibgm}îc6Ghi ubgxk`n}xgc ehk nv hkkhg n gït hkkhg+ ihz} hzŞ|hjj gîkxgc. <:Ï| zb||v `ézï} chk}h}}ïcOvzîhk eono cõvõ}} nggnc n eõkmghc+ nihkyh} cocïikhk}hc+ ihz} hv} ibgm}îc6 Nv n eõkm+ nihkyh}jhfîz}xgc+ `bay cocïikhkfûc+ bkyng eõkm+ nihky ihahiï|v}o kncb|no}. N gït thmoa+ nihkyh} b}}

kî}}xgc+ l|xtn |vîkn| hijhzjŞk îkk'<<

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>= N gït vöabkümî|n ï| jž g`Ş mï|h >Hccbz nv haï|v cõvõ||ïa hkchvmh}} `ngab|ng fnfuh|vïchkgo+ ï| |éz} n gït haï|v ïffhk' :Ovzîhkeono iogmgyîfng vöabküm}nc Iüvh| ï| Îzbg hkkhg' Hv} ibgm}n ghcoc nv haï|v cõvõ||ïa6Jîzl|nc iha`nk}xgc ubkgn Hayot}bijng+ unay `nkgîgc iha o}} n tx|v}îjng. <Ioïz} ncnzjhuoggo iogch} nv ÖZ nzzn n eõkmzh2 Nvïz}+ `bay ehayuhz}Şk `xkkfxgc hk+ n||vbgynogc ï|ayhzihchogc thmoa tzïmîzn fx||ngnc2 Ghi ubkgn fbjj uo||vn}ïzgûgc Hayot}bijn2 =Infm hv}ibgm}îc hayiî|gnc6 Uîkn||vxgc uhvh}Ş}+ ï| }ïzfûgc uo||vn Hayot}bijn.

8Hccbz Iüvh| ï| Îzbg nzlzn jbzxk} Ovzîhk haï|v ayûkhchvh}o cõvõ||ïah hkŞ}}' 5MhFüv|xï+ Gög eon ï| Cîkïj+ Fhexggh eon+ ncoc nv bz|vîajn cûkmõ}} cïihc cõvõ}} ubk}nc+iha|vnaan}}îc zx`îfxcn}+ 1ï| hv} ibgm}îc Ovzîhk eono haï|v cõvõ||ïaïghc6 N eõkm+ nihkyh}jhfîz}xgc+ `bay cocïikhkfûc+ oahg)oahg fü eõkm' 0@n nv ÖZ chmuhk jhggûgch}+ nccbz jhuo|vjhggûgch} nzzn n eõkmzh+ ï| ghcûgc nmfn nv} n }hffhk ï| iïvvhk ebkyü eõkmh}' ?L|nc nv ÖZ hkkhggh kîvnmfn}bc+ ï| gh eïkfh}hc n eõkm gïtï}Şk+ ihz} n eïk ebaxgczn |hi hkhahc' ]Şkûc hk}îubvb}}bk}nkixc+ mh uhkûgc ung nv ÖZ. Gh eïkfh}hc }Şkûc. >4Mh nv haï|v cõvõ||ïa nv} ibgm}n+ `bayiha chkk cõuhvgo Şch}' Nccbz ihafhkhg} nv ÖZ mol|Ş|ïah n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zn eõkõ}} haï|vOvzîhkghc+ >>ï| hv} ibgm}n nv ÖZ Iüvh|ghc6 Ihmmoa uh|v |hiiojh hgahi hv n gït+ ï|ihmmoa ghi ò|v jhgghi n |bc fhk hkkhgïzh |hi+ nihkyh} cõvõ}}ûc }h}}hi2. >:Ihauhzhimõauï||vhk+ ï| hkžvõi Şch}+ mh }ïahm gîkxc gnaybjj ï| hzŞ|hjj ghivh}}ï }h|vkhc' ><Iüvh|nvbgjng nv} ibgm}n nv ÖZgnc6 @nkkb}}îc nv hayot}bionc+ `bay }h `bv}nm co cõvûkûc`n}nkinmmnk hv} n gïth}+ >=ï| hkibgm}îc h eõkm kncüognc' Ŕc }h`î} iîz `nkkb}}îc+ `bay }h+XZni+ h gït cõvõ}} unay3 `bay }h+ XZni+ n |vhiûc kî}}îzn ihafhkhg}ïk+ ï| `bay n }h ehk`Şmîkk} eõkõ}}ûc+ ï| gnttnk ehk`Şb|vkbtjng fîz|v hkŞ}}ûc+ ïffhk thmoa }žvb|vkbtjng' >8@n ib|} iogmhay |vîkoa ihaõkõm hv} n gïth}+ nccbz hv} ebafîc ibgmngo nvbc n ghivh}hc+ nihkyhc `nkkb}}îcn `ézhmh}6 >5Ghi }xm}n nv ÖZ jhuoggo hv} n gïth} nzzn n eõkmzh+ nihkyh} h|cûuhk éaïz} ihaghcoc+ hvïz} khiï|vîzbk}n Şch} n tx|v}îjng' >1Ib|} nvïz} ix}n|m iha+ XZni+ `bay gnay n }h`n}nkinm+ n`bayng ihaibgm}nm6 >0Nv ÖZ }ûzhkih `b||vö+ |vhzh}h}h gnay+ ihajbl|î}fn n jžg}ï| ò}|vhaï|}3 jîz ghi `nayfn haï|vhg jûg}h}ï| gïkcûk+ `nghi ihajûg}h}o nv n}yîc jžgïïz} neoncn} o|+ `îzbi+ |Ş} gïay ghivhmïchg î}' >?Jbl|î|m iha `î} hgghc n gïtghc n jžgï} gnay

|vhzh}h}hmmhk+ n`bayng ihajbl|î}b}}îk hgghc n gïtghc Hayot}bi}ük ebaun iogmhmmoa.:4Nccbz nv ÖZ hv} ibgm}n6 Ihajbl|î}bc+ n`bayng cïz}hm' :>Mh ïkh}hizh ibgmbi ï| nv ÖZ mol|Ş|ïaïzh+ nihky jh}õk}o nv haï|v eõkmh}+ ::`bay nvbc cõvûk nv hijhzhc cõvûk+ ncoc kî}}îcmol|Ş|ïahih} ï| n fhkhch}+ nihkyhch} Hayot}bijng ï| n tx|v}îjng }h}}hi+ iïao|ihacé|ïz}h}}hc hgahi }év|vhz o|+ ï| ghi `nkkan}}nc |vnunizn+ :<|hgco |hi ebafn ihakî}go nv} neõkmh}+ nihkyh} h|cûuhk éaïz}hi n}yîocgnc' \hgco |hi kî}fn iha nv} nvbc cõvûk+ ncoc hgahi|hiiojh uh}}hc' :=Mh |vbkaîin}+ Cîkïjb}+ iouhk iî| kïkhc ubk} jhggh+ ï| `ž|ïah|hg cõuh}h}}hgahi+ jhuo|vhi nzzn n eõkmzh+ n`bk fîz}+ ï| nv Ş x}ümno ebafîc infm joz}bcjn uhggo nv}' :8Nuõkayhcjhg nvbgjng nv niîkïcohc ï| n cîgnîgonc kncgnc' @bkgnt ebzmxkfn}bc iha+ ï|ogmxkfn}bc hk n tx|v}îjn n Uõzõ|)}hgahz ehkï.

:5Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv ï| Îzbg`bv nv ÖZ6 :1Ihmmoa vöabkümoc hkkhghi hv n

abgb|v cõvõ||ïa2 Iha`nkkb}}ni Ovzîhk eonognc vöabkümî|î}+ ihz} |bcn} vöabküm}nc hkkhghi':0Ibgmm iha ghcoc6 Ïkh}hizh ibgmbi “ éay |vük nv ÖZ “+ `bay n|vhzog} jîgbc infm uhkh}hc+




>0

niozŞk hkŞ}}hi }o jh|vïk}h}hc. :?O}} n tx|v}îjng eba}bc `bk}ng hk`xkkngo+ n |vîijn uh}}hc iogm+n`îgyng l|nc unay}bc+ `ö|vïuh|}Şk eõkehkï+ ihz} vöabküm}n}bc hkkhghi' <4Ghi ihg}hc jh nzznn eõkmzh+ nihkyzŞk ehkhihk} cïvvhk ihah|cûm}hi+ `bay b}} eba}bc kncgo+ l|nc Cîkïj+ Fhexggheon ï| Füv|xï+ Gög eon' <>Mh jhuo|vhi ayhzihcho}hch}+ ncoczŞk }o nv} ibgm}î}bc+ `bay tzïmîzn

fx}gnc3 Şc infm ihao|ihzoc nv} n eõkmh}+ nihkyh} }o ihauh}h}}h}hc' <:]o nvbgjng o}} n

tx|v}îjng eba}bc hk`xkkngo'<<

Eono}bc tî|v}bzbc kh|vghc n tx|v}îjng ghayuhg h|v}hgmhoa+ ï|jžg`Şmghc n }o `ž}khg|ïah}hcïz}+ iéa iogm hay |vîkoa hk ghi `xkkb}bc `bk}ng n tx|v}îjng'<=Ghayuhg gntoa }nz}b}}+ iéa cocïikhk}ï}hc nv} n eõkmh}6 ib|} ghayuhg ïuoa jžg`Şmfh}hc+ ngntbc |vîin |vhzog}+ hay)hay gntïz} hay)hay h|v}hgmŞ}+ `bay iha}xmfî}bc+ iokyhg nv+ niocbzïg hkkhgchvhi uhkh}hc' <8Ïg+ nv ÖZ+ ihaibgm}ni+ `bay hv} }h|vhi hvvhk nv haï|v abgb|vcõvõ||ïaahk+ nihky õ||vhebab}} hkkhghi6 iogm hay |vîkoa o}} `nkgnc iha n tx|v}îjng.

<5Nvbc n eïzeonc thmoa+ ncoch} Iüvh| hkcûkmõ}}+ `bay cïikhkfïc co nv bz|vîab}+ ï| ncocuo||vn}ïzuh eõkkîvé}b}}îc hkkhgh nv haï|v cõvõ||ïah}+ ihz} zb||v `ézï} chk}h}}ïc nggnc n eõkmghc+<1nvbc n eïzeonc+ ncoc zb||v `ézï} chk}h}}ïc nv bz|vîagnc+ iha`nk}nc nv ÖZ l|ntî|î}ük' <0L|ncFüv|xï+ Gög eon ï| Cîkïj+ Fhexggh eon inznm} ïkh}jhg nvbc cõvûk n eïzeonc cõvûk+ ncochkihg}hc+ `bay cocïikhkfïc nv bz|vîab}'

<?Niocbz hkjh|vïk}h Iüvh| hvhch} n mbkabcn} haï|v Ovzîhkghc+ n gït gnaybghk|vbibzbmb}}' =4Cbzîg zhaahk eõkchk}hc+ `bay eõkihgfhghc n `hayuomïc inan|kn}nozn+ibgmuîg6 O}} unayxgc+ ihgfûgc `î} nzzn n `hkyzh+ nihkyzŞk nv ÖZ jh|vïk}' Jovbgy+uï}chv}ûgc. =>Iüvh| nvbgjng hv} ibgm}n6 Ioïz} ncnzfî}bc î}`îago nv ÖZ tnzngl|î}2 Ghi ebanv |ochzûkgo. =:Gh ihgfh}hc+ ihz} ghi kh|v cõv}h}hc nv ÖZ. Uhzh|ïah} eba}bc |vhguhmgohkkhg|ïaho}hc}Şk. =<@o|vhg nv niîkïconc ï| cîgnîgonc b}} unggnc uhkh}hc |vhijhg+ ï|hk`xkkb}bc ehayuhzhoc}Şk. Iouhk hkebzmxk}n}bc nv ÖZ}ük+ nv ÖZ |hi kh|v uhkh}hc. ==

Ŕc nvbgjnguncihzŞhg eõkihg}hc n `hayuomïc inan|kn}nozn+ jîz nv ÖZ |võuh}|ïaïghc n kîmîfn ï| Iüvh|co |hi ibvmxk}nc n }îjbzjük' =8Nv niîkïconc ï| cîgnîgonc thmoa+ ncoc nvbg n `hayuomïchgknc}nc+ khzb`ng}nc+ uhz}ïc ï| chzah}}ïc Şch} haï|vhg @bziîoa'

>8 Îkmbvn}o zhgmhkchvï|hc >Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 :\vükf Ovzîhk eono`bv+ ï| ibgmm iha ghcoc6 Niocbzjhihg}hc nzzn n eõkmzh+ nihkyh} ghc}hc nmbc+ `bay b}} kncfn}bc+ <ï| }žvîkmbvn}b} cï|vé}h}hc nvÖZgnc6 ïaŞîkmbvn}b} unay uïzh|îkmbvn}b} ebanmnkbi }hkfh|é}ï|ïzh+ õgcïg}h| îkmbvn}cïg} unayûgghtho}hchg+ niocbz inz`î} unay fxèïkï} cï|vé}h}hc chmuh| okkn}xk nv ÖZgnc+ =nccbz nv+ ncojhix}n}fn îkmbvn}î} nv ÖZgnc+ ix}n||bg jh ï}hkîkmbvn}xk hay}ovhm uïcn eogbiko|v}h}+hayghayhm `ég bknffnk ayözun+ 8o}nkîkmbvn}xk thmoa hayghayhm `ég jbz} cï|vé}| nvïaŞîkmbvn}`bv unay n uïzh|îkmbvn}`bv jîzîgybgcïg}' 5N cb|`bv ï}hkîkmbvn}xk cï}}ovhm uïcneogbiko|v}h} cï|vé}|+ hay`nzinm `ég bknffnk ayözun+ 1o}nkîkmbvn}xk thmoa hay`nzinm `ég jbz}

ix}n|| jh chmuh| okkn}xk nv ÖZ

gnc'

0

@n inz`î} cï|vé}h|v ïaŞ

îkmbvn}xk unay uïzh|îkmbvn}xkhay ebanmnkbi }hkfh|é}ï|ïzh unay jïchîkmbvn}cïg} nv ÖZgnc+ ?nccbz ix}n|| jh n inz`îg céuûkï}hkîkmbvn}xk `îzbi}ovhm uïcn eogbiko|v}h}+ eïk `ég bknffnk ayözun+ >4o}nkîkmbvn}xk thmoa ix}n||jh eïk `ég jbz}' Chmuh| okkn}ö }žvîkmbvn} hv nv ÖZgnc' >>Éay chkk }hggo iogmhg hayh| jocîgîk+iogmhg hayh| cb|gîk+ fx`gîk unay chl|cïgïk' >:N`îgyn} l|nc cï|vé}h}hc+ iogmhayoch} éaycï|vé}|ï}hc hk' ><Iogmhg cõvûkh}hc unkü éay cï|vé}|h hk hvhch}+ `n chmuh| okkn}ö }žvîkmbvn}b}ix}n} jh nv ÖZgnc' >=@n thmoa fõuhuïgycïg} }nz}üvcbmoc unknco gîkn}bc+ unay n cï|Şjjoghivhmïchc omhfïjhg kh|v infm cõvõ}}h}hc+ ï| chmuh| okkn}ö }žvîkmbvn}b} cï|vé} nv ÖZgnc+ öaycï|vé}|h hk Ş o|+ n`bayng }o cï|vé}o}hc' >8N ayûkhchvh}jhg xayngnv n zhgmhkchvï| ubgn}cbvoczî}bc ï| nv b}} }nz}üvcbmü fõuhuïgyzh' Õzõc zhgmhkchvï| khayhg hv ghc}hc ghivhmïczŞkghivhmïczh6 bkyng khayhg n fõuhuïgy nv ÖZ hkŞ}}+ iog} }o. >5Xayngnv n }õzuïgy ï| xayngnv nv

hkŞézî| ubgn}cbvvïc zî}bc ï| n cõv}h}hc }nz}üvcbmü fõuhuïgyzh.




>?

>1Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 >0\vükf Ovzîhk eono`bv+ ï| ibgmm iha ghcoc6Niocbz jhihg}hc nzzn n eõkmzh+ n`bun jhuo|vkhc }o}hch}+ >?ï| h|v}hc infm nggnc n eõkmghc nchgyhzïjŞk+ nccbz ix}n||n}bc jh ehknfîgkî|} nv ÖZgnc' :4N }ï|v}î}bcjük cï|vûk} hk|Ş khtïgy}ix}n||î}bc jh ehknfîgkî|cïg}' \vïzžzŞk uh}} ehknfîgkî|cïg} nfîgkfî}bc eõk' :>Nv hk|Ş }ï|v}î}nmfî}bc ehknfîgkî|cïg} nv ÖZgnc ghivhmïczŞk ghivhmïczh'

\vîgmïcb| ï| ghi |vîgmïcb| jž gõc ::Iha}õz}ïg`h}+ `bay ghi |vîgmïcb|ng |vhao}hc iha unknihkyoc tnzngl|bkn}b}+ nihkyh} nvÖZ zhgmhk} hk Iüvh|ghc' :<Thmoa iogmhvhc+ nihkyhch} Iüvh| îk}nk ihatnzngl|bk} ghc}hc nvÖZ+ n}}ük chvmuh+ `bay nv ÖZ ihatnzngl|bk}n+ ïzuïgyh|hc iogmhg ghivhmïcghc' :=@n }h`î} ncõvõ||ïa }xm}îg céuûk+ ghi |vîgmïcb|ng }õz}ïg} okyhg mbkba+ nccbz cï|vé}|hg nv haï|vcõvõ||ïa hay jocnjbzfö} chmuh| okkn}ö ïaŞîkmbvn}xk nv ÖZgnc+ n `bvvî }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï|o}nkîkmbvn}}nk nv hkŞézî|bc |vhzog}+ iha hay chl|chjncb} uï}hcîkmbvn}xk' :8Uïahvvhg n tnthgah|v}hkï|} Ovzîhk eonognc haï|v cõvõ||ïaïïz}+ ï| jbl|îgn}b} gyhzghc+ ò|vhg ghi ubk}|vîgmïcb| n uï}hc+ Şc thmoa hkuo}}ïc }žvîkmbvn}xcn} nfîgmïcxk nv ÖZgnc+ ihauï}hcîkmbvn}xcn} o| hkuo}}ïc nv ÖZ hkï nvïz} n ghi |vîgmïcb| uï}hcïz}' :5Éay gyhz jbl|îgn}b}

Ovzîhk eonognc haï|v cõvõ||ïah ï| n cõv}ûc }nz}üvcbmü fõuhuïgy+ ihz} nv haï|v gïth} }hz`hk}hnv n ghi |vîgmïcb| uï}hc'

:1@n l|nc hayunknco cõuh}o hk n ghi |vîgmïcb| uï}ch}+ nccbz ix}n||bg jh hay hayïuh|gŞ|}ïgy chl|cï} uï}hcîkmbvn}xk':0N tnt thmoa uïahvvhg hgah|v}hkï|} nv ÖZ |végh hkŞ}} nvïz} nvhijhzïz}+ nco ghi |vîgmïcb|ng cõuh}}h hk uï}cï}+ `bay hgah|v}hkï|} |vhzhvvhg ghco+ ï| nccbzjbl|îgn}b} gyhz' :?Xaynghv n }õzuïgy ubgn}cbvvïc gîkn}bc n |vûkh}h}} ovzîhkozh ï| n

fõuhuïgyzh+ nco cõv}h}hc }nz}üvcbmoc+ `n ghi |vîgmïcb|ng uï}chvoc' <4Mh co chkk oz}ngo gïthcõvûk nv} nv hijhz}+ ncîz cõvûkh}hc unkü+ ncîz fõuhuïgy+ nco |vîgmïcb|ng cõuh} hk unknio}+ihz} nv XZn} aynkîv}n iha' <>@o|vhg nv ÖZ oaïfï} uh}h}}h iha+ ï| nv Ş tnzngl|bkn}î} |vha}hiha6 eõk}ï}khgûk co chkk oz}ngo nv okyhg hijhz}+ jžg`Şmgoh chkk'

<:Niocbz n tx|v}îjng ubk}nc Ovzîhk eono+ znf}ncnt}nc hay hijhz}+ nco }žvoeî} |vhmhah}h}}n gyxankbi gntfîg' <<Ncoc }h}}hg ïz}ïc+ niog} eî} |vhmhah}h}}+ bmnuo}}ïc Iüvh|+ Îzbg ï| nvhaï|v cõvõ||ïa hkï' <=Ŕzovh}jh uh}}ïc+ ò|vhg iïa ghi ubk} iha|vnjun+ `bay io} chkk uhkh}hggoûc' <8Nv ÖZ hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|ghc6 @nkîkknk kncbkfbg nv nv hijhz6 cõuhvvh iha Ş} nvhaï|v cõvõ||ïa n }îjbzbg céuûk. <5Couo}}h nvïz} Ş} nv haï|v cõvõ||ïa n }îjbzbg céuûkzh+ b}}`nkîkzn cõuhv}ïc+ n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ'

N zx`njbf}bc <1Nvx}îg hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ6 <0\vükf Ovzîhk eono`bv+ ï| ibgmm iha ghcoc+ `bayl|ogîkfngnc jbf}bcn} n zx`îfxc |vhaïkyïzh+ ghivhmïczŞk ghivhmïczh+ ï| }hayhghc n |vhaïkyhgkhuŞ jbf}bczn cïc jéjbzv|ogüz}' <?Nzzn unkü hv n jbf}+ `bay unkn`îgy|vbz zîgïv}hc+

hikïchvvh}hc nv Öz iogmhg tnzngl|bkn}îzn+ }hkfh|é}|ï}hc nvbcn}+ ï| gh l|îjé}|bg hk }o}hch} |h n|véuh}hc+ |h n |vhih}hc+ nihkyhc tnzîvgn|îajn uo`h}ghc jhggh}hch}+ =4`nghi hikïchvvh}hc+ï| }hkfh|é}|ï}hc iogmhg tnzngl|bkn}bin}+ ï| |vhg}hc khayh}hc O|}hgh}hc hkŞ}}' =>Ïg+ nv ÖZ unaybc n }o O|}hgh}hc+ nco co`bv}nknc jhggh}hch} Hayot}bijük+ `bay O|}hgh}hc khayhc' Ïg+ nvÖZ unaybc n }o O|}hgh}hc.

>5 Cüzn`+ Mî}îg ï| Njézîi kîvnmî|n >Cüzn`+ nco Fol`îz eon+ nco Ch`î} eon+ nco Kïuo eon+ õ||vhebab}} Mî}îggnk ï| Njézîiink+ Hkéîjeonounk+ iha Üggnk+ Thkh} eoîunk+ nco Zöjhg eon ubk}+ :ï| eõkchk}hc Iüvh| hkkhg+ cï}|vîvõ}uhghijhzzhk Ovzîhk eono cõvûk+ ncoc n cõvõ||ïa ehfhmhkiho+ n ayûkhchvh} cïtuo|hkŞo+ cõvo|ihz}

hijhzhc ubk}nc'<

Hvhc hayjhayžk}hc Iüvh| ï| Îzbg hkkhg+ ï| hv} ibgm}îc ghcoc6 Hkhaûgc ung




:4

jhkŞkh}hc. Ioïz} hihko}hc inan}bcn} nv ÖZ ayûkhchvh}h eõkï2. @o|vhg |vhg} nv haï|vcõvõ||ïa+ n inan haï|vïjhg+ ï| cõvõ}}ûc ung nv ÖZ.

=Hv} `nkkun Iüvh| nzlzn jbzxk}+ 8infm éay |vük} Cüzn``bv ï| haï|v l|btbz}fî`bv6 Infmzhaahk }xm}xk nmfn nv ÖZ+ `bay co nv õuï+ co n |vhg}+ ï| co cõvhkhm`h} `bvvî' Nv cõvhkhm`h}`bvvî+ nco} couîkn|v}b}}' 5Hv} }hayï}hc6 Ebafî}bc n |vhgh||hzthgyŞ}õch}+ Cüzn` ï| haï|v

l|btbz}fn+1

}hayh}hc jhkh `bkgnt }ûvh}+ ï| zncfn}bc zî eû|}õkŞ|vhz} nv ÖZ |végh hkŞ}}' Nv kh|v n|vhg}+ nco} couîkn|v} nv ÖZ' Hkhahi ung jhkŞkh}hc+ Kïuo eono.0Infm hv} ibgm}n Iüvh| Cüzn`gnc6 @nkkan||n}bc omh+ Kïuo eono. ?]nkîg chuh|ko}hc+

`bay Ovzîhk O|}hgh cûkõguîkn|v}b}} jhggh}hch} Ovzîhk cõvõ||ïaï}Şk+ ï| }o fîzxk`n}}bc hkï+ `bayhkkî||î}bc n |vbkaîkn}b} nv ÖZ `nfkïcîgîk+ ï| n cõvõ||ïa |vbkaîkn}îzn îkkfn}bc2. >4Ihahgahm}h+`bay hkïfh fîzxkf }h|}uïzhommhk+ Kïuo eonounk hayû}}3 ib|} iïa n tnt|îab} o| céuîgfî}bc2.>>Jovbgy nv ÖZ hkkhg eba}n}bc õ||vh+ }h ï| iogmnvbc+ ncoc uhkhm unggnc' Ihz} co nv nv Îzbg+`bay hkkhgh vöabküm}bc2

>:Hccbz `éun}}n Iüvh| Mî}îg} ï| Njézîib}+ Hkéîj eono}+ mh nvbc hv} ibgm}îc6 Ghiihayûgc. ><Ghi hkïa+ `bay hk`bv}îk jhggûgch} n }hffhk ï| iïvvhk ebkyü eõkmzŞk+ `bay ihaõkfjhggûgch} n tx|v}îjng+ `nghi iïa v|nzgbcb|cbmgo o| ncnz|v znf}xgc2. >=Jovbgy+ ghi }hffhk ï|

iïvvhk ebkyü eõkmzh `bv}îk jhggûgch}+ ï| ghi nm}îk ghcûgc |hi ihvŞ}+ |hi |vŞkŞ} õzõc|ïaûk'Unfbg co ncnzbm |vözgo hvhcghc nv hijhzhcghc n |vhiï}2. Ghi ihayûgc. >8Hccbz gnay`nznazn ahzfhm} Iüvh|+ ï| hv} ibgm}n nv ÖZgnc6 Gh }hcog}| îkmbvn}xczn. Ghi uh}}hi hk }Şkûciïa hay |vninzn} |hi+ ï| hayocûcchk |hi }h}}hi zb||vn}'

>5Cüzn`gnc thmoa nv} ibgm}n Iüvh|6 ]h ï| nv haï|v l|btbz}bm khayh}hc `bkgnt nv ÖZ |végh hkŞ}}6 }h+ Şc ï| Îzbg. >1Ebafn iogmhgco n inan |vhgh||hzthgyŞ fï}+ ï| }hayh}hc zîfxceû|}õkŞ|vhz}' Nvx}îg fîzxkfn}bc nv |végh ÖZ hkï+ co)co n inan |hzthgyŞ fïuhk+ cï}|vîvõ}uhg|hzthgyŞuhk6 }h o| ï| Îzbg o| n inan |hzthgyŞ fïuhk' >0Eba}n nvïz} iogmhgco n inan|vhgh||hzthgyŞ fï}+ }ûvh} }h}} jhkh+ nzzn thmoa eû|}õkŞ|vhz} zncb}}+ nvx}îg bmnîkk}nc n cofhkhg}ï||î}zîgnc n jhfîzn}î`bv+ Iüvh| iha Îzbg o|' >?Cüzn` hayjhayž f}õ}}h hkkhgûc nv haï|vcõvõ||ïah} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgnc n jhfîzn}î`bv' Hccbz ihafhkhg} nv ÖZ mol|Ş|ïah nv haï|vcõvõ||ïaghc' :4Hccbz éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv ï| Îzbg`bv nv ÖZ6 :>Uîkfn}bc cûkõg h}}Şk ncõvõ||ïa}Şk+ `nmm |hiio|é}|hi iha Şch} hay tokkngn} nkn}}. ::Hccbz nzlzn jbzxk}nc+ ï| hv}ibgm}îc6 Ü O|}hg+ nco khkch} nm|v iogmhg }h|}ghc. Ioïz} `nzna|vbk nv haï|v cõvõ||ïazh+ `bkb}}l|nc hayh}khg hijhz uï}chvh}}2 :<Hccbz éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 :=Ibgmm iha ncõvõ||ïaghc6 Ihgfh}hc hk Cüzn`+ Mî}îg ï| Njézîi `nfkïcîgnc n cõzgyïcïzŞk.

:8Iüvh| eõkchk}+ ï| bmnihg} Mî}îg`bv ï| Njézîi`bv' Uhkh ihg}hc Ovzîhk uïgho o|':5Éay |vük} n cõvõ||ïa`hv6 ]îubvvn}bc hvhcghc n jžgõ| hijhzhcghc n |î}zno}ük+ |hiiofûch} |hïzog}|ï}hc+ `bay hk gh uh||vh}hc nv Ş uï}choc ion}}. :1Hk o| ihg}hc Cüzn`+ Mî}îg ï| Njézîi`nfkïcîgnc n cõzgyïcïzŞk' Mî}îg ï| Njézîi thmoa coihg}hc+ ï| bmnîkk}nc |î}znoc jhfîzn}î`bvehkh|ïahocchk+ eonoccnk ï| col|ogy ayhzihchocchk hayû}}' :0Nccbz hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|6 HjjŞk

}xmfî}bc iha+ `bay nv ÖZ

cûkmõ}} hgahi hvhcghc n mbkabcgnc n uïa`hvuo}hkïzh+ ï| `bay ghiinani}ük l|hkhc|vhi6 :?@n öay `nkgnc iha hvhc+ n`bay n }õjjo hijhz |vbcb}}+ ï| `n nv kh|vn |bz|xc+ nio jîzco iî||nk iha}õz}ïg`h}gh+ nccbz ghi nv ÖZ cûkmõ}} hgahi' <4Mh `n nv ÖZ unknio zhgmcéuûko mbkab} uo|v uïa`hv+ ï| n eõkm ihagyo}fn |vîfî}+ ï| hkgyhko Şch} iogmhgûcchkhayû}}+ ï| hkhuhghg |vîkkgnc kh n `bk}nc `nvîfîjn+ nccbz infm iha}xmfî}bc+ `bay hvhc nvhijhzhc |hiiojh uh}}ïc nv XZn}'

<>Nkoa ibgm}n co Iüvh| hvhch} n |vnuncn}+ iha`n|nm} nkn}}xc n eõkm' <:Ihagyo}b}}n|vîfî} n eõkm+ ï| hkgyhk}h Şch} `îvxc gïtïuhk hayû}}+ iha Cüzn` õ||vh| hijhzï} iogmhgûcchk+niofûc l|nc ubk}' <<Hkhuhghg |vîkk}nc kh n `bk}nc `nvîfîjn iogmhgûcchk hayû}}+ ï| jh}hih}}hŞch} n eõkm' Éay uh|v}hc co n ayûkhchvh}jŞk' <=Haï|v Ovzîhk thmoa+ nihky cõzûkõ}}ûc ubk}+coîk}bvî|xczn hkex}b}}+ ihz} nv} abgmbk}îc6 Iïa iogch} o| hkgyhk n eõkm. <8Hvx}îg }žv l|ntb}} co

nv ÖZ}ük+ ï| ihahiï|v}h}}h nv} n cï}|vîvõ}uhg eïzeo}+ ncoc eû|}õkŞ|vhzzhk cõvhkhm}hc `bvvî'




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>1 >Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 :Ibgmm iha Hkhîvîzgnc+ Îzbg e Ştnt eoîgnc+ `bay|vhmfh co n |vhgh||hzthgyŞch} n }žvjŞk+ ihz} iha unggnc |vhg}hkuh+ n jhggûc khuŞ |vhgh}thmoa |vüzm |vïffhk' <Hvhcghc n |vhgh||hzthgyŞojŞk+ ncoc nv ïkh}ûcchk eovh}}hc uï}cûcïz}+cï|vé}|h}hc uïcbgyzn cnkntîk} kntbcn} nv bk}îz jhjbzé}î|îzn+ iouhk nv ÖZ |végh hkï uo}}ïc Şch}+

ï| hvïz} |vhg}hc' Khayhghc fhkkï Ovzîhk eono |vîiîzn'=

Eba}n nvïz} Hkhîvîz tnt n zïv|hzthgyŞch}+ nihkyhch} bmnuo}}hc nvbc+ ncoc hkïa}hc+ ï| uïcbgyzn uhzh}}h nvbcn} nv bk}îzjhjbzé}î|îzn+ 8hikïchv}h}Şûk Ovzîhk eonognc+ `bay |hgco |h ihzfhg cõvhkhmgo nv ÖZ`bv+ ncookkh}ïc}hkhg+ ihz} ghi Îzbg x}ümno cõvûk unkü+ ï| iïao| okkn}îkmbvn}b} ncnz jhix}n}go' Gh

fîzfngnc öay+ iog} Cüzn` ï| l|btbz}fn+ nco} hkŞzh eoayhkihv}h}h}} Iüvh| îk}nk nv ÖZ' 5Iî|gnt nvbgjng vöabkümgo chvmh}} Ovzîhk eonognc haï|v cõvõ||ïah Iüvh| ï| Îzbg

hkkhg+ ï| hv} ibgm}îc6 ]o õk}ï}hc iha nv ÖZ gïtï}. 1Niocbz nvbgjng hayjhayžk} n cõvõ||ïaIüvh| ï| Îzbg hkkhg+ infm n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zn ehkï ebzmxk}nc+ òz}hkhg jh}ncnz}n nv} n ehk`Ş+ ï|ihafhkhg} nv ÖZ mol|Ş|ïah+ 0Iüvh| ï| Îzbg thmoa bmnihg} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zn hkï' ?Hccbz éayjh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 >4@övümfn}bc eïkzh h}}Şk n cõvõ||ïa}Şk+ `nmm |hiio|é}|hi iha Şch}hay tokkngn} nkn}}. Ŕc thmoa nzlzn jbzxk}nc' >>Infm Iüvh| nv} ibgm}n Îzbggnc6 Ebam n

|vhgh||hzthgyŞ}+ }ïay jhkh }ûvh} nv bk}îzzük+ zncf zî eû|}õkŞ|vhz}+ uomm `ninz n gït cõvï+ ï|uïahvv hgah|v}hkï|} ïz}ûc+ ihz} iha`nznaxmb}} nv ÖZ+ ï| ihachvmŞmõ}} n l|ntî|' >:Eba}nnvïz} Îzbg n |vhgh||hzthgyŞ}+ n`bayng Iüvh| ibgm}n+ ï| n ayûkhchvh} cõvï ex}b}}+ ihz} iîziha o| chvmŞmõ}} n l|ntî| n gïthg' Eû|}õkŞ|vhz} }h}} zî+ ï| hgah|v}hkï|} uïavh}} n gïtïz}'><Ihaîkk} n `bk}nc ï| nv ïkŞc cõvõ}}+ ï| iha|vžg} n l|ntî|' >=]ovhggïayhvhz)`ï}|vîvng `nk}nciha n l|ntî| ion}}+ nvbcbg céuûk+ ncoc Cüzn` kîvnmî|n ion}} `nk}nc iha' >8Hccbz uo||vn}ïz}Îzbg Iüvh|`hv+ n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgnc n jhfîzn}î`bv+ ï| iha|vžg} n l|ntî|'

Îzbg uh||vhfh couozîavoc >5Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 >1\vükf Ovzîhk eono`bv+ ï| uïay hay)hay uh||vŞ}gnayl|nkîmfnoc iogmhg ehfhmhkiï}Şk+ õ||vh|hg }ovhgcï} uh||vŞ}' Iogmhayocghc n ghuï} ézm eõkn inan uh||vhfïzh' >0Îzbg ghuï} n Kïuo uh||vhfïzh ézm+ ihz} iogmhayoc uh||vŞ hay)haygnayl|nkîm ehfïï' >?Nvx}îg }hmm kh nvbcn} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîjng n jovbgy|îa hkï+ n`bkcofhkhg}hi inani ghc}hc' :4Nggnc n eïzeognc n uh||vhfh+ nco} couîkn|v}bc+ co eba `nf}ngo' Éayl|hgmh|é}hi kh Ovzîhk eonognc n vöabkümî|î}+ ncoc vöabküm}nc hkkhgh}hc' :>Hkibgm}n hv} Iüvh|Ovzîhk eonognc+ ï| iogmhg ehfhmhkhi î}nmb}} ghco hay)hay uh||vŞ}' Gnayl|nkîmbgcïg} hayehfhmhkhizh hay uh||vŞ fx}b}}+ õ||vh|hg }ovhgcï} uh||vŞ' Îzbg uh||vhfh o| b}} ubk} n uh||vŞccõvõ}}' ::Iüvh| kh}h}}h n uh||vŞch} nv ÖZ |végh hkï+ n jovbgy|îa |î}zîjng' :<Niocbz iî|gntIüvh| jhihg} n jovbgy|îa |î}zîjn+ kî}}n+ `bay n Kïuo `îvîjük unkü Îzbg uh||vhfh co`nf}b}}+joijü} encn|v}b}}+ uozîab} gõuhk}+ ï| jhïzh}} znf}n n ingmxkn. :=Hccbz Iüvh| co`bvb}} iogmhguh||vŞ} nv ÖZ |végh hkŞk Ovzîhk eono`bv' Ihagïv}ïc+ ï| iogmhayoc hkuo}}h n inan uh||vhfï}'

:8

Nccbz hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ

6 Uomm uo||vn Îzbg uh||vhfï} ihaŞ

zvï|zh njovbgy|îa hkï+ fhkcïg} n kîvnmücgnc+ ï| uh|| uïah} vöabkümî|xcgnc+ `bay iha gh `nkfngnc.:5Iüvh| h|vhzog} fîz} hk6 öay l|hkhchmh}}+ n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}n ghco nv ÖZ'

:1Nccbz hv} ibgm}îc Ovzîhk eono Iüvh|ghc6 Kî|m+ hktx|v}xkxgc+ hkuh|vûgc+ iogmgyîfnghkuh|vûgc. :0Iogmhgco iha`nk+ nco cõvhkhmgo ihz nv ÖZ `nfkïcî`bv. Unfbg iogmgyîfxgcgnchk chkk tx|v}xkgon2.

>0 N tntbc ï| kïuo}îc }o|v}h ï| fnunmnkin >Nccbz hv} ibgm}n nv ÖZ Îzbggnc6 ]h+ n eonom ï| n }h `îvnm gïth eba jžg`Şmgo n |vhg} `hkycõzûk hkcõuh}h}} jžgõcïz}' ]h ï| n eonom eba}bc jžg`Şmgo n tnto |vbkaîkn} cõvjhg hkcõuh}h}}

jžgõcïz}' :

Uhmm inanm ihkkï }h|}uïzhomh}+ Kïuo }õzv|ï}+ nvnv n}yîm }õzv|ï} o|+ `bay uhkhmhayû}} Şc o| nv ÖZ hkï fîzxkfngnc+ `nmm l|n}kncbvvngnc `bvvîm+ ï| îkkfngnc n }h |vbkaîkn}bmzn+




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ionkn}} }h ï| n }h eonom n jovbgy|îa |î}zn hkŞ}} |vbkaîk}bc. <Ŕc |haïmchvvhghc ghchm}hggounküomjng+ ï| uïahvvïc nv õ||vh| }hggounkü} n |î}bz cõzûk' Mh n |vhg}ïky eõk|vhzhkï|ï`hvï| nv bk}îz`bv gh cõvhkhmfhghc+ cûkõgjhg iha`nkgnc Şc o|+ iha }o o|' =L|n}kncbvvngnc `bvvîm+ï| uïahvvïc n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zn cõzûko }hggounkücn}+ ï| iogmhg ehknmn}b} n |î}bzgîk' Mhokkh}ïc}hkhg ghi cõvhkhm`h} `bvvî}bc' 8]o kî||î}bc hk n |vhg}ïkyjhg+ iha nv bk}îz cõzûk

uïavhgmŞ }hggounkücn}+ `bay iha gh `nznaxmfni Ovzîhk eonozn'5

Ihz} ïg cûkõgé}h}}hi hk}h|}uïzho}hch}+ n kïuo}îcn} Ovzîhk eono cõvûk+ ï| nv ÖZgnc |vükü nmbiîgycïg} ghc}hcnfîgmïcbv}ni Şch}+ `bay n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk uïahvvhghc |vbkaîkn}b}' 1]h thmoa ï| n eonomuïahvvï}hc iogmnv} n tnto |vbkaîkn}b}+ nio nv bk}îz cõzûk unay n cîzto} iõaõ}} nmümoc' B}} }o|vbkaîkfn}bc' Nfîgmïcxk nmbi ghc}hc n tnto }o|v}h}' Mh `n okkh}ïc}hkhg cõvhkhmoc hvhc`hv+ ihachkk `nkgon'

0Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Îzbg`bv nv ÖZ6 Éih+ ïg ib|} ghchm nmbi nv}+ nio} n ghchi |vüküehknfîgkî|bcjük eïkzh chkk }hggo3 Ovzîhk eonognc iogmhg |vhg} nmbiîgyîjük zï|vh|hmï|cïg}ghchm ï| n }h eonomgnc nmbi nvbcn}' Õzõc zhgmhkchvï| hv' ?Hv khayhg n }ohm n kha|vhg}hjjnmbiîgybcjük+ nihkyhch} ghi ïah}}hc hk6 iogmhg îkmbvn}o nfîgmïc+ ncîz ï}hkîkmbvn}+ ncîzuï}hcîkmbvn}+ ncîz füuî}ï}hko îkmbvn}+ nihkkyhk ghchi }nz}bvgnc+ khayhg n }ohm ï| n eonomï+ iog}

kha|vhg}hjj nmbiîgy'>4N kha|vhg}hjj `hkyhg hmm iha nv}' Iogmhg eïzeo h`h} jhkŞkh' ]nz}|m |vhg}ghc nv}.>>Khayhg iïa n }ohm n |vhg} nfîgmïcxcjük unkü ehknfîgkî|+ Ovzîhk eonognc iogmhg ehkix}n}b}}îkmbvn}îjük' Ghchm nmbi nvbcn} ï| n eonomgnc iha n khîgynomgnc' Õzõc zhgmhkchvï| hv'Iogmhgco h`h} jhkŞkh n `îvnmjng+ nco }o|v}n' >:Ghchm nmbi nv bknf khafnuî}+ n ix|} ï| nanjbgn khafnuî}+ iogmnv}+ nio} hk|Ş }hziï|cïg} nv ÖZgnc nmgnc' ><]ohm khayhg n eõkmfûcõgiogmhgghc nv hk|Ş }hziï|h+ nihkyh} jhuo|vghc nv ÖZgnc' Iogmhgco h`h} jhkŞkh n `îvnmjng+nco }o|v}n' >=]ohm khayhg iogmnv+ nio} h|cûuhk |vhg}hk}hc bmn Ovzîhkjhg' >8]ohm khayhg nvïkŞkïgyhc cõvûk iogmnv+ nio ihagyo}fn ngyfn iï`ï} ï| hvïz} jhix}n}fîc nv ÖZgnc+ ncîzhijhz+ ncîz îkkn} nv' Mh nv hijhz hk|Ş|vûkõ}}fï} iha chkk uîk}ngbm+ ï| nv îkkn} hk|Ş|vûkõ}}fï} o|uîk}|m iha+ `n nv îkmbvn}zn nkcnkin}kng' >5Ncoch} iha chkk uîk}ngo+ hay `ügntb| cbzxcjnguîk}|m iha+ õ} |hchk hvû|} jhl|ûk} ïz}ïcjhg+ n |vhg} |hchk |vhzog}+ nihkyjhg `ö|v aïzn hay|hchk' >1Mh n inz`n hk|Ş|vûkõ}}fï}+ n fx` hk|Ş|vûkõ}}fï} ï| n chl|ch hk|Ş|vûkõ}}fï} gh uîk}|m iha6hvhc |vhg}hc' Uïzûch} òg}|m nv bk}îzzn+ ï| cõuïzfûch} eû|}õkõa}h|m hk' Chmuh| okkn}ö}žvîkmbvn}n hv nv ÖZgnc' >0@ö|xc n }ohm khayhg+ iog} n`bayng n ehkix}n}b}} îkmbvn} |vhayh ï|

fbjj lbijfn o| n }ohm' >?N |vhg} nmbiîgybcjük iogmhg ehknfîgkî|}+ nihkyh} Ovzîhk eonoehknfîgkngnc nv ÖZgnc+ ghchm ï| uhkhm hayû}} eonomgnc ï| khîgynomgnc nmbi' Õzõc zhgmhkchvï|hv' Nv ÖZ |végh hkŞ}} õzõccï ihainznmü |võuh}|ïa hv uhkhm n }h fnunmzn ï| x}ümnom fnuîzn':4Nvx}îg hv} ibgm}n nv ÖZ Îzbggnc6 EõkmfûcjŞk ghi cnt|v õzõc|ïah}+ ï| ghi kh|vjoz}bczï|vhm cõv}ûc' Ïg unaybc n }h joz}bczï|vhm ï| õzõc|ïahm Ovzîhk eono cõvõ}}'

:>Éih+ Kïuo eonognc nmbc õzõc|ïaûk iogmhg }ovhmh} Ovzîhkjhg' Ixgcîfxcïz} cntfîc hv}+

ihz}Ş

c uïavoc n |vbkaîkn}b} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk'

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Gh cõvhkhmfhghc }õjjï Ovzîhk eono ncofhkhg}ï| |î}zî`bv+ `bay jžgjh gh h||hghc ï| iha gh `nkfngnc+ :<`nghi kïuo}îc uïahvvïc n|vbkaîkn}b} n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk+ ï| Şc jžg`Şmfhghc nv b}} hkcõuh}h}} jžgõcïz}' Õzõczhgmhkchvï| khayhg ghivhmïczŞk ghivhmïczh+ `bay ghi cntgnc õzõc|ïah} Ovzîhk eono cõvõ}}':=Ihz} n kïuo}îcgnc nmbi õzõc|ïaûk Ovzîhk eonognc n }ovhmï}+ nihkyh} ehknfîgkî|cïg} nv ÖZgncehknfîgkngnc' Hvïz} ibgm}ni ghcoc+ `bay Ovzîhk eono cõvõ}} ghi cnt`n}gnc õzõc|ïah}'

N kïuo}îc îkmbvn}n n }ovhmjŞ k :8Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 :5Jh|vïkf n kïuo}îccnk+ ï| ibgmm iha ghcoc6 Niocbzihacntfî}bc Ovzîhk eono}ük n }ovhmh}+ nihkyh} nv Ş fnunocjük nm}ni ghc}hc õzõc|ïaûk+ nfîgkfî}bcehk n }ovhmûc }ovhmï} ehknfîgkî|cïg} nv ÖZgnc' :1Hv khayhg n }o ehknfîgkî|b}bc3 xayngbkynggnc

|vîié} nv+ iog} n |vïzžzŞk unkü anjbgn+ ï| iog} nv+ nio n |nf}üjük ebkyoc':0

Éay }hayh}hc }o o|ehknfîgkî|} nv ÖZgnc iogmhg }ovhmjŞk+ nihkyh} Ovzîhk eono}ük cnt}bc' Nmfî}bc bmn jhkŞkh nv




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ÖZgnc |vükü ehknfîgkî|} Îzbg e Ştntgnc. :?Iogmhg nmbiîgyjük+ nihkyh} cnt}bc+ nmfî}bc ihan }hkfh| ehknfîgkî|} nv ÖZgnc+ iogmhgjŞk n cõuïzfï}+ nio njjük bmn|vhg}hkgo unkü' <4Ibgmmiha ghcoc6 Niocbz ehknfîgkfî}bc n cõuïzfï}+ öay }hcog}hgmŞ nv n kïuo}îc zï|vïzŞk+ iog} nio n|vïzžzŞk ï| n |nf}üjük chzûk co' <>Jîzihky `hkyhg ihah`h}o}hc nv}+ }o ï| `îvn}bc gïth+ ihz} hv n}o jïzh}hc n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgîk uïavh}} |vbkaîkn}ïz}' <:Ghi cõuh}}hc hk jžg} uhkh+ `n

ehknfîgkfî}bc njjük n cõuïzfï}' Éay ghi |vhg}|ïa}hkhgé}o}hc iha Ovzîhk eonognc n |vhg} mbkano}+ï| ghi `nk}bc iha'

>? N }o|v}é}ü uév >Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv ï| Îzbg`bv nv ÖZ6 :Hv n }õzuïgy zhgmhkchvï|h+ nihkyh}ihatnzngl|bk} nv ÖZ6 Ibgmm iha Ovzîhk eonognc+ `bay uoayhghc ghchm hay òjî}kng uõzõ|}h`hgh}+ nihkyghc gogl| |hiioeïkh ebayn}ïcb||îan+ ï| iïa ghi ubk} znf}n oan' <Nmfî}bc nv}Hkhîvîz tntgnc+ infm uoayïc co nv} n }îjbzbg céuûkzh+ ï| uîafîc kh nv Ş fhkhgkï}ïjhg' =UhayhgHkhîvîz tnt n }h`ïg uïzïjŞk nv xffîunk+ ï| òg}|hg n uïzïjŞk `ï}|vhz n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgncjhfîzn}n ehkï' 8Nvx}îg ïah||ïc hk n }h`hgh} n |vhih kî}}îzn+ n jŞzï}+ n `ö|î} ï| n uïzï} n

angïfîunk hayû}} ïah||ïc hk' 5Uhayhg n tnt lïmzx|eî}+ ov|ütb} ï| cnzinv|og ebgnkn}+ ï| mbjfn n}h`ïg ïaŞ zï|vho cõvï' 1Nvx}îg n tnt ib||n co n zx`îfî}+ ib|ncbmfïc iha uévjhg+ infmihgfhg jh n }îjbzjn+ mh khayhg n tnt }o|v}î}nkng h|}oa' 0Ib||n co uévjhg n zx`îfî} nv o|+ ncohkïah}}h n }h`hgh}+ ï| ib|ncbmfïc iha uévjhg+ mh khayhg }o|v}î}nkng h|}oa' ?Hay }o|v}n hijhz|vhmfh õ||vh n }h`ïg `niuno}+ ï| `hkyhvvh hk n }îjbzbg céuûk hay }o|v}n `hkyzh3 b}} }îzbkfîc nv}+`bay Ovzîhk eono cõvõ||ïaïghc }o|v}é}ü uovh} cï|vé}|hghc jhkŞkh' Uï}hcîkmbvn} hv' >4Nv+ ncoõ||vh|vhm}h n }h`ïg `niuno}+ ib||n co n zx`îfî}+ mh khayhg }o|v}î}nkng h|}oa'

Õzõc zhgmhkchvï| khayhg hv Ovzîhk eonognc ï| n cõv}ûc }nz}üvcbmü fõuhuïgyhcghc6 >>@nunknco `bvvîïz hay `nkb}}`bv+ jîzcoghc n `bk}}h|}ï`hv+ }o|v}î}nkng kh|v `ï} gntoa' >:Nv okyhg}o|v}é}|n iha inaî} nvvnk n uévvhk n `nzinmoc ï| n `h}hmoc gntbg+ nccbz }o|v}n kh|v' Mh `n ghi}o|v}é}fn iha inaî} n `nzinmoc ï| n `h}hmoc gntbg+ nccbz ghi kh|v }o|v}n' ><Iogmnv+ nco`nkb}}`bv+ hay iha`nk} hijhz }h}hiï`hv ïz+ ï| ghi }o|v}é}fn iha inaî}+ nv }o|v}î}nknggî }h|vonv ÖZ `nfkïcî}' Co chkk oz}ngo nv okyhg hijhz} OvzîhkjŞk+ ihz} ghi òg}h}}ïc iha }o|v}é}ü uévvhk+éay }o|v}î}nkng+ znf}n ung n }o|v}î}nkng|îa'

>=Hv n }õzuïgy+ `n hay hijhz iha`nk n |î}bzjng6 ]o|v}î}nkng `ï} gntoa iogmhgco+ ncojhihay njjn n |î}bzjn+ unay b}} ung n |î}bzjng' >8]o|v}î}nkng iogmhg gyo}b}} hmïgy+ nihkyzhghi cõ}õ}}hc eõmhkh}' >5Iogmnv+ nco n ihvŞg ehayuhzzhk ihaõk} hijhz`hv+ `nkb}}`bv+ hijhzol|bg}`bv unay |éz`bv ïz+ }o|v}î}nkng kh|v `ï} gntoa' >1]hayhghc n }o|v}î}nkng |vîiîzn nvhkïah}h}} uï}hcîkmbvn} `niunojük hay hmïgyjh+ ï| õg}|hghc zî ebzzî|uovh}' >0Nvx}îg uhayhghay }o|v}n hijhz ov|ütb}+ iîz}|n n uévjh ï| òg}|hg n |î}bzzn+ nv õ||vh| hmïgyzh ï| nvbczn+ ncocb}} ubk}nc+ infm nzzn o|+ nco n l|bg}`bv+ ihaõk} hijhz`hv+ `nkb}}`bv unay |éz`bv ïz}' >?@og}|h

iha n }o|v}n n }o|v}î}nkng} n `nzinmoc ï| n `h}hmoc gntbg+ ï| iox}îg iha}o|v}é}b}}nŞ

} n `h}hmocgntbg+ nv ib||n co n zx`îfî}+ ib|ncbmfïc iha uévjhg+ ï| h|}h iîz }o|v}n kh|v' :4Mh nco}o|v}î}nkng kh}}+ ï| ghi }o|v}é}}n}fn iha inaî}+ nv} nv hijhz} co chkk oz}ngo n ayûkhchvh}jŞk+ ihz}}o|v}î}nknggî }h}}h nv ÖZ |vhg}ïkyï}' Ghi òg}h}}ïc iha }o|v}é}ü uévvhk+ hvïz} }o|v}î}nkng3 :>õzõczhgmhkchvï| khayhg hv n |vîixczn' Nco thmoa n }o|v}é}ü uovh} òg}o+ ib||n co n zx`îfî}3 ihz} ncon }o|v}é}ü uév`hv ïz+ khayhg }o|v}î}nkng h|}oa' ::Jîzio+ nio`hv n }o|v}î}nkng `bvvîïz+}o|v}î}nknggî uîkoc3 `n thmoa `bvvîïz iî|unknco+ nv o| }o|v}î}nkng kh|v h|}oa'

:4 Iozfîi `nkîkn O|}hg uovh} nm n |vockîjük >

Ovzîhk eono+ nv haï|v cõvõ||ïa ihaïzchvh}} n Log)tx|v}îjn nv hk|Ş `ügntjng+ ï| kh}hkhthmh}} ngït Cîmï|jng' B}} `nk} iha Iozfîi+ ï| b}} }hih}}ïc hk' :Mh ghi ubk} uovh n cõvõ||ïaghc+




:=

hvïz} õ||vhayûkhchv}hc Iüvh| ï| Îzbg hkkhg' <N gït hccbz Iüvh| hkkhg ebzmxk}+ ï| hv}ibgm}n6 Jîzl|nc hktx|v}xk}xgc ubkgn+ niocbz }h|}uïzhogc hktx|v}xk}nc nv ÖZ |végh hkŞ}}.=Ioïz} `bv}î}bc nv ÖZ ayûkhchvh}ï} hjjh n tx|v}îjn2 Nvïz}+ `bay o}} `nkfxgc iha îkkn}nogccnkhayû}}2. 8Ioïz} `bv}n}bc eõk jhggûgch} Hayot}bijük+ ï| ioïz} uhvh}}h}hc jhggûgch} hzzh nzb||v `hkyzh2 Ghi kh`h} o}} uh}go+ gogl| eûah+ |hi |vŞkŞ+ |hi azîgî}nkin+ ï| iïa ouüuév

|ogl|hg.5

Iüvh| ï| Îzbg thmoa n ayûkhchvh} hkŞk n cofhkhg}ï| |î}zîgnc jhfîzn}î`bv ihg}+ ï| b}}nzlzn jbzxk}' Hccbz ihafhkhg} ghcoc nv ÖZ mol|Ş|ïah'1Hccbz éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 0Uhmm n jb}bmn}+ ï| }h|}uïzhmmhk+ Îzbggnk hayû}}

ayž f}|m õ||vh n cõvõ||ïah}+ ï| |vhiûc kî}}îzn tnzngl|bkfî}bc iha n |vockîgnc+ `bay nmfbguovh}' Encn||v ghcoc uovh} n |vockîjük+ ï| nmf oggo n cõvõ||ïaghc ï| îkkn}nocgnc' ?Iüvh| }h`î}nv ÖZ |végh hkŞ}} inaî`bv uh}}h n jb}fî}+ n cntb}} tnzngl| |vhzog}' >4Nvx}îg õ||vhayž f}õ}}hIüvh| ï| Îzbg n ayûkhchvh}h} n |vockn hkï+ ï| hv} ibgm}n ghcoc6 @nkkan||n}bc omh+ }o kîvnmüc.Encn||vxgc)h uovh} ghc}hc hjjŞk n |vockîjük2 >>Nvvnk eõkhihk}h Iüvh| n chvï}+ ï| cï}|vhzzîû}õ}} jb}fîunk n |vockîzn' Hzzh jŞ|ïah| uév encnm}+ ï| oub}} n cõvõ||ïa iha nv îkkn}bc o|'

>:Nccbz hv} ibgm}n nv ÖZ Iüvh|ghc ï| Îzbggnc6 Iouhk ghi ò}}h}hc jhgghi+ ï| ghiix}n}}î}bc ehk |vhg}|ïahih} Ovzîhk eono hkŞ}}+ ghi uhvh}`h}o}hc jh hv} n ayûkhchvh}h} nzzn n

eõkmzh+ nihkyh} ghcoc nmbc' ><Hvhc Ihzéjî uovho6 niocbz Ovzîhk eono thzjh |vîkk}nc nv ÖZznk+ Ş hvhcchk ix}n}}n iha ghcoc n |vhg}|ïaï}'

Hmüi ghi hgahmo î} Ovzîhk} >=Iüvh| cõuh}hch} cûkmõ}} Cîmï|jük Hmüi cozîkyî`bv hvvhk nv ûvhgh}}hk6 Éay |vük }h|}uïzhm+Ovzîhk6 ]h }xm|v iogmnzzük n ayõ}zhkhizŞk+ nihky jhggûgch} ïz}' >8N}yîogc Hayot}bijnihg}hc+ ï| `b||vö omhoa ïk}ûgc Hayot}bijng' Mh zb||vxk jîg}nc uhkûgc ï| n}yîogccnk nvhayot}bionc' >5Nccbz |haé}|ïaïz} coîk}b}}xgc nv ÖZ`bv+ nco iha`nkkb}}n |vnuxgcn}+ hkcûkmõ}}hay ngaynk}+ ï| co`bvb}} jhggûgch} Hayot}bijük' Ib|} o}} unayxgc Cîmï|jng+ n `n}îzbmbgehcuŞ uîzb|jng' >1\vhzh}gïgc î}ubgxkgo bz|vîabmbg' Ghi ubgxkxgc î} |h |vîg}üeõkmõg+ |h|vŞkŞg+ iïa cö}uovh} |hi o|vxgc' N cozîky ö}fîg ihayûgc+ ghi }ïzûgc kh |h fbjjzn+ |h jnkzn+niéa î}ubgxkxgc n }hzûkh}hmhg'

>0Hmüi nvbgjng hv} ehkhk}h ghco6 Ghi ubgxk`n}|v î} gîkni+ cûkõgjhg ehayuhzzhkubgxkbc hkkhghm' >?Ovzîhk eono hv} ibgm}îc ghco6 Nv bz|vîaö}bg ihggïgc+ ï| `n uovhmh} oggîgc+inaxgc ï| fü|vîanogc+ ihanmfxc nv îzî}' Gogl| iî|zük |vü+ l|nc nzzük+ `bay aynkba|vhzzhk|vhzh}gïgc î}ubgxkgo' :4Mh Hmüi hv} ehkhk}h6 Ghi ubgxk`n}|v î}. \Ş} coubgxk} hkkhgh Hmüi}hcog}ïkyh| `nmmnk ï| `n}nkin| hzŞuhk' :>Hmüi }h`î} ghi hgahm}h iha Ovzîhkghc+ `bayî}ubgxkfbg }hzûkh}ïg+ hvïz} Ovzîhkghc co chkkh}} chzûkgoh'

Îzbg `nkîkn ::Nvx}îg hkogmxk}nc Cîmï|jük+ ï| ihaïzchvh}} Ovzîhk eonognc haï|v cõvõ||ïah n @üz)`hay`hv':<

Ï| hv} ibgm}n nv ÖZ

Iüvh|ghc ï| Îzbggnc n @üz)`haygïk+ Hmüi bz|vîaîgnc n `n}îzîg6:=Îzbg ib|} hkŞmho ihkkï chzûk' Ghi ih`h} jh nzzn n eõkmzh+ nihkyh} Ovzîhk eonognc nmbc+iouhk ehkkîvnm}n}bc tnzngl|bi hkkhg Ihzéjî uovhogïk' :8Uhmm inanm`bv Îzbg} ï| n eoî}+Hkhîvîz}+ ï| uomm ehk Şch} n @üz)`hayzh' :5B}} uh||h kh Îzbg n zx`îo}+ }h thmoa õk}õv}h|m ehknvbcjn n eoî}+ Hkhîvîz}+ ihz} Îzbg iha`nk b}}+ ï| hkŞmho ihkkï chzûk' :1Iüvh| öay l|hkhchmh}}+n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}n nv ÖZ' Eõkihg}hc n @üz)`hayzh nv haï|v cõvõ||ïa |vhih kî}}îzn+:0Iüvh| khuh}}h Îzbgzük n zx`îo}+ ï| ehkõk}õv}h}}h nvbcjn Hkhîvîz}+ n eoî}' Îzbg iha`nk} b}} n`hay}h}Şg+ Iüvh| ï| Hkhîvîz thmoa khihg} n `hayzŞk' :?Niocbz kî}}n nv haï|v cõvõ||ïa+ `bayÎzbg hk`xgy}+ Ovzîhk haï|v `îvn `nziogl gntoa |ozn}}n Ş}'




:8

:> N zïvcéayü >Niocbz iha`nkkb}}n n cîgnîgo Nzîm cozîkyn+ nco n Mïkuomïchg ïk}+ `bay bmnïz} Ovzîhk nvn}îzéio ö}bg+ iha}îinm}n Ovzîhk}+ ï| ebakybcn} hf}h}} cõvûkûc' :Hccbz ebanmnkin} }h}} Ovzîhk nvÖZgnc+ ï| hv} ibgm}n6 @n hay|vhz chvhijh nmbm hv} n gïth}+ iogmhgh|}ûk cooz}bi uîzb|no}'<

Nv ÖZ iha`nkkan}}n Ovzîhk |vnuî}+ chvïjh nm}n hvhch} n cîgnîgoncn}+ ï| Ovzîhk iogmhgh|}ûkcooz}b}}n Şch} ï| uîzb|nocn}' Hvïz} ghuhv}ïc hk nv} n `hkyh} @bziîgnc'=Infm hkogmxk}nc n @üz)`hay}Şk n Uõzõ|)}hgahz ehkï+ `bay ihachzûkfïc Hmüi bz|vîaî}'

Mh ö}cõvjhg hkebayb}} n gït }ûzhkih+ 8ï| éay jh|vïk} n gït O|}hg ï| Iüvh| hkkhg6 Ioïz}`bv}n}bc eõk jhggûgch} Hayot}bijük2 Nvïz}+ `bay iha`nkfxgc n tx|v}îjng2 @o|vhg gogl|chgyïz ï| gogl| uév+ |véujŞk x}îkfxc hv} n ò}uîgy hkhmhk}. 5Hvïz} nv ÖZ iïzah| céayücn}cûkmõ}} n gïtzh+ ï| nvbc ihainz}îc n gïth}+ öay`bay |bcng iha`nk}nc OvzîhkjŞk' 1Hccbzbmnihg} n gït Iüvh|`hv+ ï| hv} ibgm}n6 Uï}chv}ûgc+ ihz} nv ÖZ hkkhg ï| hkkhghm |vük}xgc'Oiîmcbvv nv ÖZ`bv+ `bay }îubké}|n hk zükxgc n céayücn}. Ï| oiîmcbvb}} Iüvh| n gïtïz}' 0NvÖZ thmoa hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|ghc6 Cï|vé}| hay iïzah| céayü}+ ï| }žvm eõk hay tüvgîzn.Iogmhgco+ nco} ihainz} n céayü+ ïkh}jhg inznm+ `n nzzn eõk}hcog}' ?Iüvh| }h`î} cï|vé}h}} hay

zïvcéayü}+ ï| eõk}žv}h hay tüvgîzn' @n nvx}îg ihainz} unknco} n céayü+ ï| eõk}hcog}h}} nzïvcéayüzn+ ïkh}jhg inznm}'

Ovzîhk }buîjj uîgmbzbk n tx|v}îjng >4Nvx}îg hkogmxk}nc Ovzîhk eono+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Üjü}jng' >>Infm hkogmxk}nc Üjü}jük+ ï| }îjbz}û}õ}}hc Offï)Njîzéijng+ njjng n tx|v}îjng+ nihky Iüîj}ük chkh}zh ung' >:Bggng o|}buîjjihg}hc+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc n Vhzhm)tn}ncgîk' ><Bggng o| }buîjjihg}hc+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hcnv hiüzonc }hzûkh}ïg hzhmŞ Nzgüg }ök|ü tnz}fîg+ n tx|v}îjng+ ihz} nv Nzgüg Iüîj `n}îznIüîj ï| nv hiüzonc cõvõ}}' >=Hvïz} ung |vü nv ÖZ `nzlnognc cõgyuïjhg n \vöeîjng ehcuŞ Uî`ïjzük+ n uõkayhczŞk+ nv Nzgügzük+ >8n uõkayhc khf}ŞozŞk+ nihkyhc Îz uîzb|n ehkï `övümgnc+ï| Iüîj `n}îzîoa gyökgnc'

>5Bggng Jhïzjh ihg}hc' B}} ung nv n cö}+ nihkygïk hv} ibgm}n nv Ö Z Iüvh|ghc6Ayž f}|m õ||vh n gïth}+ ihz} uovh} nmbc ghco'

>1Hccbz ïghchk}h Ovzîhk hv} n mnk}6Jxvbaf eõk+ cö}+ vhgafï}hc mnkî}.>0Cö}+ ehfhmhkihc î|}îc+gït uhvïzho uîf}îccbziîgytîklîfxccnk+ uhvïzjb}fnoccnk'N tx|v}îjük In}}îgîjn ihg}hc+ >?In}}îgîjük Gn`nkéïkjn+ Gn`nkéïkjük thmoa Jîiü}jn'

:4Jîiü}jük njjn n uõkayjh ihg}hc+ nihky Iüîj ihvhfïg ung n To|vaî l|öl|îgîk+ ihky n|oun}nazn gïv'

\vé`üg khayŞ vï|h :>Hccbz cõuh}hch} cûkmõ}} Ovzîhk \vé`üg`bv+ nv hiüzonc cozîkyî`bv+ hvvhk nv ûvhgh}}hk6::\vhzh}gïc î}ubgxkgo bz|vîabmbg. Ghi }ïzûgc kh |hi |vîg}üeõkmzh+ |hi |vŞkŞjh+ cö}uovh}|hi o|vxgc' N cozîky ö}fîg ihayûgc+ niéa î}ubgxkxgc }hzûkh}hmhg' :<Mh \vé`üg ghi hgahm}hiha Ovzîhkghc+ `bay î}ubgxkfbg n }hzûkh}ïg' Õ||vhayž f}õ}}h \vé`üg haï|v `nmogïtï}+ coubgxk}Ovzîhk hkkhg n tx|v}îjn+ ï| Fn`nljn ïzuh ihaû}cõvõ}} Ovzîhkkhk' :=Mh Ovzîhk cnzmïkzh `îgy}n Ş}+ï| joz}bcjn uh}}h nv bz|vîaî} nv Nzgüg}ük n Fnjjücoa+ nv niiügoncoa+ ihz} iha ubk} hzŞ|é}uhnv niiügonc `n}îzn' :8Hkebaknk}n Ovzîhk iogmhvhch} n uîzb|bcn}+ ï| jhcõk}õvõ}} Ovzîhk nvhiüzonc õ||vh| uîzb|îjn6 @h|jügjn o|+ iha n `bvvî }nz}bvü enkuncjn' :5Ihz} @h|jüg\vé`üggnc+ nv hiüzonc cozîkyîgnc n uîzb|n ubk}+ nco `nmn} uo|hk} Iüîj hkŞjjo cozîkyn hkkhg+ ï|

hkebaknk}n haï|v bz|vîaî} nv Nzgügoa':1

Hvïz} ibgmfîc n zhaïkŞc6




:5

Fõffh}hc @h|jügjn.Ïtûkfõg ï| hzŞ|õmfïc \vé`üg uîzb|n.:0Ihz} }žv l|ntb}} co @h|jügjük+kîga \vé`üg uîzb|îjük6ihahiï|v}h}}h Îz)Iüîjb}+

nv Nzgüg ihg}o inan|kn}bc xzno}':?Fnf ghchm+ Iüîj.Hkuh|v}ïk+ Chiü| gïth.Eono} eõkmõgex}üccî }h}}h+khîgyno} nv hiüzo cozîky+\vé`üg ebakynouî'<4KŞ}}ûgc zîfxc+ ï| hktx|v}xk} @h|jüg Méjügoa+hktx|v}é}b}}xc Güenòa+ haï|v Iïmhjîoa'

Üa khayŞ vï|h <>Hvx}îg kh}hkhthmh}} Ovzîhk nv hiüzonc eõkmfïg' <:Iüvh| cïihch} cûkmõ}} Fnvïzjn+ hkebaknk}îc

n `bvvî }nz}bvü enkuncn}+ ï| cožv}ïc bggng nv hiüzoncn}' <<Nvx}îg ihaebzmxk}nc+ ï| Jî|îg ehkïubgxk}nc' Mh coubgxk} hkkhgûc Üa+ Jî|îg cozîkyn haï|v `nmogïtïuhk+ `bay ihaû}cõvvïc uhkûcHmzhéjhg' <=Nccbz hv} ibgm}n nv ÖZ Iüvh|ghc6 Gh eïkf }Şkh+ ihz} chvhmjh nmbi Ş} haï|v`nmogïtïuhk ï| bz|vîaîunk hayû}}' Öay jîgf hk uhkh+ n`bayng hkjîg}îk \vé`üggnk+ nv hiüzonccozîkyîunk+ nco @h|jügjng kncb}}' <8Ï| öay ihauhz}ïc Ş} eonounk ï| haï|v `nmogïtïuhk hayû}}+`bay |hgco |hi }xmb}} hkihghcûkgo cõvûkûc' Bz|vîaî} thmoa joz}bcjn uh}}ïc'

:: Jîkîc `éun}fn Jîkîib} >Nvx}îg hkogmxk}nc Ovzîhk eono+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Iüîj |éc|îaîg+ n Fbzmîgbg }ök+ Fhzocüunk|vhijhg'

:Jîkîc+ Lottüz eon kî}}n iogmnv}+ n`bayng Ovzîhk hkjîg} nv hiüzonccnk' <Iüîj gnaybgihazïiûk} n gït}Şk+ bkyng |bcng ubk}nc+ ï| ihazh}}hg} Iüîj Ovzîhk eono}ük' =Hvïz} hv} ibgm}nIüîj gïth Iomfîg uïghoghc6 Hv n }õiha öay khkhahk cõzûkõ}}ûgc iogmhg}+ n`bayng n inz`nkhkhahko n võkm ihvŞ}'

Njjng nv omŞjhg Jîkîc+ Lottüz eon ubk} Iüîj cozîkyn' 8Cõuh}hch} cûkmõ}} Jîkîi`bv+Jhüz eoî`bv nv Hxezî}h|v ihkkh}} khuŞ Th}üzjn+ `bgeo}îz|nognc n eõkmfïzh+ `bay `éufîc iha ï|hv} ibgmfîc ghco6 Éih+ hay gït fõ}} co Hayot}bijük+ ï| iîz hkkht}h n eõkm |végï}+ ï| uhkhi|vhijhg }hkhthmh}} kh' 5Hvïz} fõff hk+ î}cbvm iha hv} n gïth}+ ihz} hzŞ|hjj gîkni' ]nkîg nccbziha }xmbi uhzgo+ ï| cožvõi nv bz|vîajük' Fük }xmbi+ `bay îkmb}} kh|v+ nco} }h ihaîkmn|v+ ï|î}cbvb}}+ nco} }h ihaî}cbvbk'

1

Hkihg}hc }h`î} Iüîj ï| Iomfîg uïgho+ ï| gîkxc ubk} n unzîv|kî| méfn' Ihaïzchv}hcJîkîi`bv+ ï| hkibgm}îc ghco Jîkîc ûvhgh}ï}' 0Ŕ hv} ehkhk}h ghcoc6 Inznmfn}bc o}} ïf|vncîzn+ ï|ïg jh|vîibkbc ghc}hc nzzük+ `bay io} ibgmb}} ghchi nv ÖZ' Iüîj uhvh}Ş hijhzho hvïz} b}}inznm}nc Jîkîigîk' ?O|}hg thmoa hkfõ}} Jîkîi`bv+ ï| ihacïzmhv}h }Şkh6 Ioeïkh eïzeonc unggnco}} gîknm2 >4Jîkîi hv} ehkhk}h O|}hgghc6 Jîkîc+ Lottüz eon+ Iüîj cozîkyn hv} ûvhg}h ghchi6>>Hay gït fõ}} co Hayot}bijük+ ï| hkkht}h n eõkm |végï}' Fõff }h`î} ï| uhzm iha zbg}î||nk nchmuhiïz}+ }nkîg nccbz iha }xmbc uhkh cûvmhgo+ ï| hk }xmbi žvgo' >:O|}hg nvbgjng hv} ibgm}nJîkîignc6 Gh ihgf hk uhkûc+ gh î}cbvm iha nv} n gïth}+ ihz} îkmb}} nv' ><Eõkchk} }h`î} Jîkîizhaahk+ ï| hv} ibgm}n Jîkîc uhvh}Ş hijhzhoghc6 Ihgfh}hc uo||vn n `nvî}bcjn+ ihz} ghihgahmo iha nv ÖZ+ `bay uhkh}hc ihgfhc' >=Iüîj uhvh}Ş hijhzho eõkchzhchm}hc+ uo||vnihg}hcJîkîc`bv+ ï| hkibgm}îc6 Ghi ncnz} uhkûgc fõggo Jîkîi'

>8

Nccbz Jîkîc iïa }õjj ï| iïa }hcog}ïkyh|hjj uhvh}Ş hijhz} cûkmõ}} nvbcgîk'>5

Hvhcihaïzchv}hc Jîkîi`bv+ ï| hv} ibgm}îc ghco6 Éay |vük Jîkîc+ Lottüz eon6 Gh ubgncbmf hkfõggo




:1

`bvvîi. >1Oahg anvmnabg ihafx}nkinvknc+ ï| iha}h|vhc iogmhg}+ nio} ibgmn|v ghchi' L|nc fõff hk+ ï| uhzm iha hv} n gïth} zbg}î||nk n chmuhiïz}. >0Mh Jîkîi hv} ehkhk}h Jîkîc xmunzohijhzhoghc6 @n ghchi nmfn Jîkîc n `îvî} }hkh hvû|}}hk ï| nznggynk+ nccbz |hi |vha`h}hi ihaO|}hghighc+ nv ÖZgnc n tnzngl|î}+ ï| ghi }h`h}hc |hiio} uhkh |vhijhg' >?Mh l|ncinznmfn}bc o}} }o o| hvhg nv ïf|vncîg+ `bay iha}xmfni+ ncnz)h iïa unknio} ibgmngo ghchi nv

ÖZ':4

Ïffhk hkfõ}} O|}hg Jîkîi`bv+ ï| hv} ibgm}n ghco6 @n nvïz} fõ}}hc hvhc n eïzeonc+ `bayhk`éufngnc }ïahm+ chkf eõk+ ihgf hk uhkûc+ mh l|nc nv} }h`h}hm+ nio} ïg ibgmbc ghchm' :>Eõkchk}}h`î} Jîkîi zhaahk+ eõkgyhzahk}h n |vninzî} ï| hkihg} Iüîj uhvh}Ş hijhzhouhk'

::O|}hg nvbgjng `nznazn ahzfhm}+ nioïz} Jîkîi hkihg}' Hvïz} bmnîkk} nv ÖZ ngaynkn nvö}zn+ `bay ehk}nz}üv}n||n' Ŕ n |vninzîg ûah}h}}+ ï| uhkh ubk} cï} |vbkaîfn o|' :<Mh n |vniîzihakî}}n nv ÖZ ngaynkî}+ n`bayng b}} îkk} nv ö}bg coubg} cnzmmnk n chvïjhg+ hvïz} kh}ïz} n|vniîz nv ö}zük+ ï| n ihvŞzh ihg}' Jîkîi û}go chvm}h n |vninzn}+ `bay uo||vn}hzhkfh nv ö}zn' :=Nvx}îg bmnîkk} nv ÖZ ngaynkn n |vŞkŞc cõvõ}} hay iïky ö}zn+ nihkyh} ogghg o|+ bggng o| enk|vhaïkyhvh}}' :8Niocbz ihakî}}n n |vniîz nv ÖZ ngaynkî}+ bmnkntxk} n cŞenk`bv+ ï| Jîkîikîjî} o| n enk`bv |vbzé}b}}n' Hccbz öfjük ihauhz}h' :5Nv ÖZ ngaynkn }buîjjihg}+ ï| o|iï}ihaîkk} hay |vbzb| `hkyhg+ n`bk ghi kh`h}h}} co}ïzgo |hi fbjjzn+ |hi jnkzn' :1Niocbz ihakî}}n

n |vniîz nv ÖZ ngaynkî}+ khehcûm} Jîkîi nkn}}' Hccbz `nznazn ahzfhm} Jîkîi+ ï| û}go chvm}hjb}fîunk n |vninzn}' :0Mh nv ÖZ jh|vïmzh gyo}b}}n n |vniîz |vîfî}+ ï| nv éay |vük} Jîkîi`bv6Io} uï}h}}hi hkkhghm+ `bay `îzbi|vbz o| ihauhz}ïk hgahi2 :?Jîkîi éay ehkhk} n |vniîzgnc6Ihz} l|öeb} žv}ïk jhkŞkhi' Khggh l|nc cnzm n chvhijhg+ iha o| õkgïkhc. <4N |vniîz hv}ibgm}n Jîkîignc6 N }h |vninznm unaybc+ znf}ni x}nvbk zïa}Şk ebaun iogmiîoa' \vbc}ni)hokyh} }hggo uhkhm2 Jîkîi nv} ehkhk}h6 Ghi'

<>Hccbz nv ÖZ ihagyo}b}}n Jîkîi |vhiï}+ nco ihakî}}n nv ÖZ ngaynkî}+ niog} b}} îkk nvö}bg coubg} cnzmmnk n chvïjhg' Jîkîi iha`nfbk}+ ï| nzlzn jbzxk}' <:Nv ÖZ ngaynkn hv} ibgm}nghco6 Ioïz} uhz}hm iha n |vninznmn} iîz `îzbi|vbz2 Nvïz} fõ}}hi+ `bay ehk}nz}üv}n||nknc+ihz} hkkhghizh unkü hv nv ö}' <<N |vniîz kî}b}} hgahi+ nvïz} }ïz} co hkŞkhi `îzbi|vbz o|' @nghi }ïz} ubkgn co hkŞkhi+ }ïahm iha o| õk}hkhc ubkgn+ nv} thmoa ïkh}jhg `nay}ni ubkgn'<=Jîkîi éay ehkhk} nv ÖZ ngaynkîgnc6 Uï}chv}hi+ ihz} ghi }xm}ni+ `bay }h îkk|v uhkhi|vhijhg nv ö}bg' Mh `n ghi }h}|voc ghchm+ ogcîjj uo||vn}ïzhc' <8Mh nv ÖZ ngaynkn hv} ehkhk}hJîkîignc6 Ihgf hk hvhcchk n eïzeonccnk+ mh l|nc nv} ibgm`n}bm+ nio} ïg ibgmbc ghchm.Jîkîi }h`î} hkihg} Jîkîc uhvh}Ş hijhzhouhk'

<5Niocbz iha`nkkb}}n Jîkîc+ `bay fõg Jîkîi+ coihg} hkïfh Éz)Iüîjoa+ nihky nvNzgüg `n}îzubgnkîgîk ung+ n `n}îz kha|vïkïg' <1Hv} ibgm}n Jîkîc Jîkîignc6 Iîz }õjj|võz o|`éun}}nknc }ïahm+ ioïz} ghi ncnz}îk fõggo2 Nv} ò}}hm+ `bay ghi }xmknc ihafx}nkinvgo2 <0MhJîkîi hv} ehkhk}h Jîkîcgnc6 Kî}bm+ `bay hkfõ}}hi `bvvîm. Mh ghi |vük`n}bc inani}ük|hiio}+ l|nc nv} ibgm`n}bi+ niozh O|}hg ogmé}' <?Hvx}îg }buîjjihg} Jîkîi Jîkîccnk+ ï|ihaïzchv}hc Cozfn})@xlü}jn' =4Jîkîc b}} inz`îcn} ï| fx`bcn} îkmbvb}}+ ï| cûkmõ}} jhkŞkh

Jîkîignc ï| n uhkh khuŞ

uhvh}Ş

hijhzhcghc o|'

=>

Zhaahk nv}îg inaîunk uo}}h Jîkîc Jîkîib}+eõkuhvh}}h Jnnk inan|kn}îzn+ n`bggng kî}`n}}n Ovzîhk gïtïghc hay zï|vï}'

:< Jîkîi ihaîkmfn Ovzîhk} >Nccbz hv} ibgm}n Jîkîi Jîkîcgnc6 Ïté}| o}} ghchi `ï} bk}îz}+ ï| cï|vé}| omh ghchi `ï} jocî}ï| `ï} cb|}' :Jîkîc iha}h}}h+ nio} Jîkîi ibgmb}}' Nvx}îg Jîkîc ï| Jîkîi iogmhayoc bk}îzbgjocî} iha cb|} îkmbvb}}' <Infm hv} ibgm}n Jîkîi Jîkîcgnc6 Îkkf bmn nv ïaŞîkmbvn}bm ihkkï+ïg thmoa hkihayhc' ]nkîg }nkîkcbv`n}bi nv ÖZznk+ ï| nio} infm kî}}n} uhkhi+ nv} hkibgmbighchm' Ï| eõkihg} hay cbtîz `hay}h}Şzh'

=O|}hg }nkîkcbvb}} Jîkîiink+ nco hv} ibgm}n ghco6 @ï} bk}îz} îkké}b}}ni ehk+ ï| jocî} iha

cb|} îkmbv}ni iogmhayoc bk}îzbg'8

Nv ÖZ thmoa Jîkîi |vîfîjn nm}n oaïfï}+ ï| nv} ibgm}n6 ]ïzfuo||vn Jîkîc`bv+ ï| h|vhzog} jh|vïkf' 5Niocbz uo||vn}ïz} `bvvî+ Ş iïa b}} îkk} nv ïaŞîkmbvn}n




:0

ihkkh}}+ Iüîj unknihggyo uhvh}Ş hijhzïuhk hayû}}' 1Jîkîi tïkmnjh|vïmjh chvmh}}+ ï| hv}ibgm}n6

Nzîijük `bvn}b}} omh Jîkîc+Chkh} `hayhozŞk Iüîj cozîkyn6Fõff+ î}cbvm iha n chmuhiïz} Fîcüjb}+

fõff+ ï| uhzm iha zbg}î||nk Ovzîhk}.0Ihaî}cbv`n}bi)h+ nco} nv O|}hg iha ghi î}cbv2Zbg}î|} `bv`n}bc)h nzzn+ ncozh nv ÖZ ghi jbl|î}b}} zbg}î|}2?Fük kî}bi Ş} n |vocknl|öl|zük+|vhikïkhi n `nkibczük'H gït hayhmûk eba kncgo+ghi |vîié}fn inaî} n ghivh}hc cõvï' >4Co |vîibk`n}fn iha Fîcüjb}“ ò|vhg nggyong unggnc+ iog} n tbz|vhihc “ï| Ovzîhkghc l|nc n ghayhmï} o|2Jîz öay `nkgïc iha+ iog} nv oanvnc+

ï| öay ïzgh uïah} nv ïkh}hi+ ncîz nv õuï. >>Jîkîc nccbz hv} ibgm}n Jîkîignc6 Io} }h}}ïk uhkhi2. Hk`bv}nknc+ `bay zbg}|m ihahkkhg|ïahoih}+ }h thmoa ihaîkmb}}nm Şch}. >:Mh Ş nv} ehkhk}h6 Ghchi uoayîvgbi chkk+ `bayl|nc nv} ibgmfni+ niozh nv ÖZ ogmé}b}}'

><Nccbz hv} ibgm}n ghco Jîkîc6 Fõff uhkhi hay iî|oc `hkyzh+ n`bggng kî}`n}bm nv} ngïth}' Mh l|nc n |vïkï} kî}`n}bm+ nv haï|vh} ghi kî}bm' Bggng uhzm iha Şch} zbg}î||nk nchmuhiïz}. >=Inaîunk uo}}h n Lüeoi ihvhfïzh+ n To|vaî l|öl|îzn' Ïté}h}} b}} `ï} bk}îz}+ ï|iogmhayoc bk}îzbg jocî} ï| cb|} îkmbvb}}' >8Hvx}îg Jîkîi nv} ibgm}n Jîkîcgnc6 Îkkf omh nvïaŞîkmbvn}bm ihkkï+ ïg thmoa nib}} |vhzh}gïc }nkîkcbvgo O|}hgghk'

>5Nv ÖZ }nkîkcbvb}} Jîkîiink+ |vîfîjn nm}n oaïfï}+ ï| nv} ibgm}n6 ]ïzf uo||vnJîkîc`bv+ ï| h|vhzog} jh|vïkf' >1Niocbz uo||vnihg} `bvvî+ Ş iïa b}} îkk} nv ïaŞîkmbvn}nihkkh}} Iüîj uhvh}Ş hijhzhouhk hayû}}' Jîkîc hv} cïzmhv}h }Şkh6 Io} ibgmb}} nv ÖZ2 >0Ŕ thmoa tïkmnjh|vïmjh chvmh}}+ ï| hv} ibgm}n6

Chkf ehk+ Jîkîc+ ï| eoayhkf+`nkkan|| ib|} zîi+ Lottüz eon.>?Ghi hijhz nv O|}hg+ `bay `nvxmgïc+ghi hijhzghc eon+ `bay jîzio} ihajîggn'Ibgm)h bkyn}+ nio} iha gh }hggh+éaïz)h bkyn}+ nio} ghi }hkfh|é}2:4Îkmî|zn cnt}ni tnzngl|b}+| `n Ş îkm+ iha ghi iî|é}`n}bi':>

Ghi kî}gnc jnf} Fîcüjjng+ghi kî}gnc gybibzö|îab} Ovzîhkjhg'Uhkh ung O|}hgh+ nv ÖZ+cozîkygnc |vükü xffbgaî| `ngavoc jhggh'::O|}hg `bv}n co Şch} Hayot}bijük+bkyng nv hzhfh+ iog} n jounky |vnzun':<Ghi eba n unzîv|kî| Fîcüjbg+|hi nv oaïvh} Ovzîhkhg'Omhfïjhg ihaibgmfîc Fîcüjgnc+Ovzîhkghc+ `bay io} }h|v nv O|}hg'




:?

:=Iog} gŞ|}ïgybzb|vkîg chk eõk hv n gït+| iog} `éibzb|vkîg hihkchmoc eõk3ghi ehc|voc kh öfzn+ iéa tzïmî} ghi h|voc+ï| ehayuhz}Şk `xkkb}}nc uïzï} ghi o||vn'

:8Nccbz Jîkîc hv} ibgm}n Jîkîignc6 @n iîz ghi }xmbm ihazbg}ngo+ khankîjj gh îkmm iha. :5

Mh Jîkîi hv} ehkhk}h Jîkîcgnc6 Ihaibgm}ni iîz ghchm+ `bay l|nc nv} ebabi }hggo+ nio}iha`nay nv ÖZ. :1Nccbz Jîkîc hv} ibgm}n Jîkîignc6 Fõff+ hkuo|vkhc hay iî|oc `hkyzh. ]nkîg fügnc

kî}fn O|}hg+ `bay bggng zbg}|m iha Ovzîhk} n chmuhiïz}' :0Ï| inaîunk uo}}h Jîkîc Jîkîib} nThüz l|öl|îzn+ nihky n |éc|îazn gïv' :?Nccbz hv} ibgm}n Jîkîi Jîkîcgnc6 Ïté}| o}} ghchi `ï}bk}îz}+ ï| cï|vé}| omh ghchi `ï} jocî} ï| `ï} cb|}' <4Jîkîc iha}h}}h+ nio} Jîkîi ibgmb}}+nvx}îg iogmhayoc bk}îzbg jocî} iha cb|} îkmbvb}}'

:= Jîkîi Fîcüj l|okknaîzük fõuhgmõk >Niocbz Jîkîi kî}}n+ `bay nv }h}|voc nv ÖZgnc+ `n ihaîkmfn Ovzîhk}+ ghi ebkynibmb}} }õjjï

unzîv|kî|`bv+ iog} nvhkŞ}}' N tx|v}n ehkï ebzmé}b}}n nzlî}+ :ï| eõkhihk}h Jîkîi n }hcog}h}ï}'Niog} ihakî}}n Ovzîhk} }õzv|hgcïg} |î}bzbvgo+ zî|vîkk} nv O|}hg Khkch+ <tïkmnjh|vïmjh chvmh}}+ï| hv} ibgm}n6

Éay |vük Jîkîi+ Jhüz eon+éay |vük n eïzeo+ coghc ihagyék} n |vhih+=éay |vük+ nco `nkkfn O|}hg ibgmî|no}+nco kî}fn n Iogmhg`n}ü}ük cntb}} kî}biî|}+khjbzxkun+ mh gyo}b}} |vhihcchk68Ioky |vïthc n |î}znom+ Fîcüj+n `nfkïcnom+ ü Ovzîhk.5Iog} `b||vng hkgyökü uõkayhc+iog} ebkyü ihg}ïg n chz}hc+iog} nv ÖZ ûk}h}}h nkbïc+iog} uév ihg}ïg n lïmzx|bc'1Col|bzmxk n uév cö}fno uõmzïjŞk+uh}ï|h uévjhg jŞuhkchmoc'Cozîkyn `n}nkin|njj Naîagîk+ï| cozîkyo `n}nkin eõkhihkchmoc'0O|}hg `bv}n co Hayot}bijük+bkyng nv hzhfh+ iog} n jounky |vnzun'Ihahiï|v}o nv hkkhg|ïah| gïthch}+

|vï}ibzv|bkfn l|bg}fnocn}+õ||vh}õzo gyoknocn}'?@huhz+ ehc|voc+ iog} n `éibzb|vkîg+ï| iog} n gŞ|}ïgybzb|vkîg3 xayng+ co ihzgï eõkchk}hgo2Îkmb}}+ nco }ïahm îkm+î}cbvb}}+ nco }ïahm î}cbv.

>4Hccbz `nznazn ahzfhm} Jîkîc Jîkîi hkkhg+ õ||vhl|nt}n n chvï}+ ï| hv} ibgm}n JîkîcJîkîignc6 Omh`éun}}nknc+ `bay zbg}|m iha hkkhg|ïahoih}+ }h thmoa `îzbi|vbz o| ihaîkmb}}nmŞch}. >>Ib|} nvïz} }ncnzbmf n `nvîmjn. Nv} éaïz}hi+ `bay anvmnabg ihafx}nkinvknc+ mh ib|}nv ÖZ ihaeb|v}b}} }ïahm n fx}nkbi}ük' >:Jîkîi hv} ehkhk}h Jîkîcgnc6 Ihaibgm}ni iîzcõuh}homghc o|+ ncoch} `bvvîi cûkm}ïk+ ><`bay `n ghchi nmfn Jîkîc n `îvî} }hkh hvû|}}hk ï|

nznggynk+ nccbz |hi |vha`h}hi iha nv ÖZ tnzngl|î}+ ï| ghi }h`h}hc inani}ük |hi fü}+ |hizb||vn}+ ï| `bay l|nc nv} ibgm`n}bi+ nio} ihaibgm nv ÖZ' >=Mh ib|}+ iohkŞ}} hkihayhc




<4

gïthi`hv+ fõff+ `nmm }îzfni eõk hkŞ}}hm+ io} eba }hggo hv n gït n }h gïthmmhk infm haycbz'>8Tïkmnjh|vïmjh chvmh}}+ ï| hv} ibgm}n6

Éay |vük Jîkîi+ Jhüz eon+éay |vük n eïzeo+ ncoghc ihagyék} n |vhih+>5éay |vük+ nco `nkkfn O|}hg ibgmî|no}+

nco o|ihzo n Ehk|ïah|}Şk fõuŞ o|ihzh}h}+nco kî}fn n Iogmhg`n}ü}ük cntb}} kî}biî|}+khjbzxkun+ mh gyo}b}} |vhihcchk6>1Kî}bi Ş}+ mh ghi ib|}+|vhikïkhi+ jîz gogl| cõvhk'L|okkna fõg ehk Fîcüjjük+

fbanz }îinm OvzîhkjŞk'Jhvövvn Iüîj `nkîg}ïcî}ï| n cbtbgyîfî} \ï} õ||vh| eoîgnc'>0Joz}bcîjn chzûk Hmüi+joz}bcîjn chzûk hkkhg|ïah+ \vïéz+

ihz} `n}nkin| mbkabcn} uo|v uïa`hv Ovzîhk'>?Hk}ntb||n Fîcüj+hktx|v}é}fn iïa n uîzb|jük ihghcûkŞch} o|'Hk}ntb||n Fîcüj Hmüib}+ï| hktx|v}é}fn \vïéz ihghcûk}fho}'

:4Niocbz ihakî}}n Niîkïcb}+ tïkmnjh|vïmjh chvmh}}+ ï| hv} ibgm}n6Gïthc hkhfh Niîkïc+iïao| tx|v}xkî| n uïah'

:>Niocbz ihakî}}n n cïgohch}+ tïkmnjh|vïmjh chvmh}}+ ï| hv} ibgm}n6\vokîzm n }h kncü`hkyhm+|vockîzn ung zncun eï|vchm'::Iïao| iha|hiio|ûk Cnog+niocbz eba|îajn uo|vo N||öz'

:<Ihaog} tïkmnjh|vïmjh chvmh}}+ ï| hv} ibgm}n6Ü fnf+ co ïk`h} }buîjj+iog} n`bay O|}hg iha|vnj}n2:=@nfüc fõgghc Co}}oi tnz}fnozük+ihankîvvîc N||öz}+ ihankîvvîc Ïjhz}+iéa hk ghi tx|v}xk nv o|'

:8Nvx}îg ehkchzhchmh}} Jîkîi+ hkihg}+ ï| uo||vn}ïz} `nvîfîjn' Jîkîc o| hkihg} ö}fîzn'

:8

Ovzîhk tnzîvgn|îan ï| jž g`Ş mï|h >Niocbz Ovzîhk \o}}oijhg }nz}üvcbmb}}+ hkchvmh}} n gït tnzîvgîkcbmgo Iüîj khîgynounk+ :ihz}hvhc iha`éu}îc n gïth} o|}hghoc îkmbvn}o kncbiîozn' N gït uhkûc huh}}+ ï| khjbzxkun oiîm}nnvbc o|}hgho}+ <ï| bmn|vhaŞmõ}} Ovzîhk Jnnk)Thüz`bv' Mh `nznazn ahzfhm} nv ÖZ Ovzîhk hkkhg+ =ï|hv} ibgm}n nv ÖZ Iüvh|ghc6 Eban|m hk n gït iogmhg e Şhijhzï}+ ï| ncn|v}n|m ehk Şch} eïgyh|gnttnk nv ÖZ hkŞ}}+ `bay hkebzmxkfbg nv ÖZ eõkahzfhm} `nznafn Ovzîhk}Şk' 8Iüvh| }h`î} hv}ibgm}n Ovzîhk jézîognc6 Ayokcbkfn kh iogmhgco n inan hijhzho cõvûk nvbcn}+ ncoc Jnnk)Thüz`bv |vhaŞm}hc.

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cb|} ï| `ï} hayïuh| òjî}kng jîzîgy}6>:

iogmhayoc jocî`bv ï}hkîkmbvn}xk `îzbi}ovhm uïcneogbiko|v}h} bknffnk ayözun+ n cb|`bv ï}hkîkmbvn}xk cï}}ovhm uïcn eogbiko|v}h} bknffnk ayözun+ ><ï| iogmhayoc jîzîgy`bv ï}hkîkmbvn}xk hay)hay }ovhm uïcn eogbiko|v}h} bknffnk ayözun'ÏaŞîkmbvn} hv+ chmuh| okkn}ö }žvîkmbvn} nv ÖZgnc' >=N `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü o}nkîkmbvn} thmoakhayhg eïk `ég jbz hay jocî`bv+ hay`nzinm `ég hay cb|`bv ï| hayghayhm `ég hay jîzîgy`bv'Hv nv öf`bkm ïaŞîkmbvn}n `nubgcïg}+ nv h|v}hgmŞ iogmhg `ügntfîjng' >8Uï}hcîkmbvn}xk thmoacï|vé}|h}hc hay chl|chjncb} nv ÖZgnc nv îkkngmü ïaŞîkmbvn}bg céuûk+ n `bvvî }nz}bvüo}nkîkmbvn}}nk hayû}}'

N tî|cnîkmbvn} >5Nv hk|Ş `ügntjng+ n `ügnt }ovhgghayhmoc gntfîg ung nv ÖZ tî|cîfn+ >1ï| hgghc n `ügntgnc

n }ovhgõ}õmoc gntfîg ung nv ûgght' @ï} gntoa cbuî|v}nkng chgyhzh} chkk hggo' >0Nv hk|Ş gntbg}nz}|n}bc |vhg} õ||vhfõuh}hk}' Gh uïahvvh}hc |hiioeïkh ebaknkcbvî|`bv }nz}bvü ixgcî}. >?]žvîkmbvn}xk ix}n||n}bc jh ïaŞîkmbvn}b} nv ÖZgnc6 cï} jocnjbzfö}+ hay cb|} ï| `ï} hayïuh|jîzîgy}+ nihkyhc òjî}kngbc khayhghc' :4N `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü ï}hkîkmbvn} bknffnk ayöz}eogbiko|v} khayhg6 hay jocî`bv `îzbi}ovhm+ n cb|`bv cï}}ovhm uïcîunk nmfn}bc+ :>n `ï}jîzîgy`bv thmoa jîzîgybgcïg} hay)hay }ovhmh} nmfn}bc' ::Uï}hcîkmbvn}xk ix}n||n}bc jh hayjncb}+ `bay hgah|v}hkï|} |vhzhvvhg ghc}hc' :<Hvhch} n zhaahko ïaŞîkmbvn}bg+ nv îkkngmüïaŞîkmbvn}bg céuûk cï|vé}|ï}hc hk' :=Xayngéay cï|vé}|ï}hc hk iogmhg gnt+ `ï} gntbg î} chmuh|okkn}ö }žvîkmbvn}cïg} nv ÖZ hkhmhkï}' Nv îkkngmü ïaŞîkmbvn}bg céuûk chkk hvhch} hkcï|vé}hgo n`bvvîfxc }nz}bvü o}nkîkmbvn}}nk hayû}}' :8N `h}hmoc gntbg o| }nz}|n}bc |vhg} õ||vhfõuh}hk}' Ghuïahvvh}hc |hiioeïkh ebaknkcbvî|`bv }nz}bvü ixgcî}.

Îkmbvn} n `h}hc ûgghtïg :5Nv hk|Ş }hziï| gntfîg+ niocbz öf ï}hkîkmbvn}b} ix}n}}bc jh nv ÖZgnc+ nvnv n `h}hc ûgghtïg}nz}|n}bc |vhg} õ||vhfõuh}hk}' Gh uïahvvh}hc |hiioeïkh ebaknkcbvî|`bv }nz}bvü ixgcî}+ :1`nghi ix}n||n}bc jh chmuh| okkn}ö ïaŞîkmbvn}xk nv ÖZgnc cï} jocnjbzfö}+ hay cb|} ï| `ï}hayïuh| jîzîgy}' :0N `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü ï}hkîkmbvn} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v} khayhg6 iogmhayocjocî`bv `îzbi}ovhm uïcîunk+ n cb|`bv cï}}ovhm uïcîunk+ :?n `ï} jîzîgy`bv thmoa jîzîgybgcïg}hay)hay }ovhm uïcîunk nmfn}bc' <4Hay chl|chjncb} o| ix}n||n}bc jh+ `bay hgah|v}hkï|}|vhzhvvhg ghc}hc' <>Nv îkkngmü ïaŞîkmbvn}bg ï| nv n``bv }nz}bvü ï}hkîkmbvn}bg céuûkcï|vé}|ï}hc hk hvhch}+ n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü o}nkîkmbvn}}nk hayû}}' Nv îkkn}bc òjî}kngbc khayhghc'

:? Îkmbvn} n cûz}vhgaï| ûgghtïg >N `h}hmoc `ügnt hk|Ş gntfîg }nz}|n}bc |vhg} õ||vhfõuh}hk}' Gh uïahvvh}hc |hiioeïkhebaknkcbvî|`bv }nz}bvü ixgcî}' N cûz}vhgaï| gntfn hv' :Cï|vé}|h}hc ïaŞîkmbvn}b} chmuh|okkn}xk nv ÖZgnc+ hay jocnjbzfö}+ hay cb|} ï| `ï} hayïuh| òjî}kng jîzîgy}' <N `bvvîfxc }nz}bvüï}hkîkmbvn} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v} khayhg6 n jocî`bv `îzbi}ovhm+ n cb|`bv cï}}ovhm uïcîunknmfn}bc+ =n `ï} jîzîgy`bv thmoa hay}ovhm uïcîunk jîzîgybgcïg}' 8Hay chl|chjncb} o|ix}n||n}bc jh uï}hcîkmbvn}xk+ `bay hgah|v}hkï|} |vhzhvvhg ghc}hc' 5Nv öf`bkm gntfîzn hkŞéz}ïaŞîkmbvn}bg ï| n `bvvî }nz}bvü ï}hkîkmbvn}bg+ nv îkkngmü ïaŞîkmbvn}bg ï| n `bvvî }nz}bvüï}hkîkmbvn}bg+ iha n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü o}nkîkmbvn}bcbg céuûk khayhg hv chmuh| okkn}ö }žvîkmbvn}

nv ÖZgnc'




<8

Îkmbvn} nv hgah|v}hkï| gntfîg 1Hgghc n `h}hmoc `ügntgnc n }ovhmoc gntfîg }nz}|n}bc |vhg} õ||vhfõuh}hk}' ]nz}üv}n||î}bc ihainan}bcn}+ ï| |hiioeïkh ixgcî} gh uïahvvh}hc' 0Ix}n||n}bc jh nv ÖZgnc chmuh| okkn}öïaŞîkmbvn}xk hay jocnjbzfö}+ hay cb|} ï| `ï} hayïuh| jîzîgy}+ nihkyhc òjî}kngbc khayhghc'?N `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü ï}hkîkmbvn} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v} khayhg6 n jocî`bv `îzbi}ovhm uïcîunk+

n cb|`bv cï}}ovhm uïcîunk+>4

n `ï} jîzîgy`bv thmoa jîzîgybgcïg} hay)hay }ovhm uïcîunknmfn}bc' >>Hay chl|chjncb} o| ix}n||n}bc jh uï}hcîkmbvn}xk nv hgah|v}hkï| uï}hcîkmbvn}îg ï|nv îkkngmü ïaŞîkmbvn}bg+ nv n``bv }nz}bvü ï}hkîkmbvn}bg+ iha n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvüo}nkîkmbvn}bcbg céuûk'

Îkmbvn}bc n |î}bzb| ûgghthg >:N `h}hmoc `ügnt }ovhgõ}õmoc gntfîg }nz}|n}bc |vhg} õ||vhfõuh}hk}' Gh uïahvvh}hc |hiioeïkhebaknkcbvî|`bv }nz}bvü ixgcî}+ `nghi ûgghthkfh}hc `ï} gntoa ûgghth} nv ÖZgnc'><Ix}n||n}bc jh ïaŞîkmbvn}b} chmuh| okkn}ö }žvîkmbvn}xk nv ÖZgnc6 }ovhg`îzbi jocnjbzfö}+ cï}cb|} ï| }ovhggïay hayïuh| jîzîgy}+ nihkyhc òjî}kngbc khayhghc' >=N `bvvîfxc }nz}bvüï}hkîkmbvn} bknffnk ayöz} eogbiko|v} khayhg6 `îzbi}ovhm uïcîunk hay jocî`bv iogm n

}ovhg`îzbi jocîgîk+ cï}}ovhm uïcîunk hay cb|`bv iogm n cï} cb|gîk+ >8hay)hay }ovhm uïcîunkthmoa hay jîzîgy`bv iogm n }ovhggïay jîzîgygîk' >5Hay chl|chjncb} o| ix}n||n}bc jhuï}hcîkmbvn}xk nv îkkngmü ïaŞîkmbvn}bg ï| n `bvvî }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn}bg céuûk'

>1N iî|bmoc gntbg ix}n||n}bc jh }ovhgcï} jocnjbzfö}+ cï} cb|} ï| }ovhggïay hayïuh|òjî}kng jîzîgy}3 >0n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn} thmoa n jocîc+ cb|bc ï| jîzîgybc|vîin |vhzog}+ nv hkŞézî|gnc ihaehkhkŞ khayhg' >?Hay chl|chjncb} o| ix}n||n}bc jhuï}hcîkmbvn}xk nv îkkngmü ïaŞîkmbvn}bg ï| n `bvvî }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn}bg céuûk'

:4N `nzinmoc gntbg ix}n||n}bc jh }ovhghay jocî}+ cï} cb|} ï| }ovhggïay hayïuh|òjî}kng jîzîgy}3 :>n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn} thmoa n jocîc+ cb|bc ï| jîzîgybc|vîin |vhzog}+ nv hkŞézî|gnc ihaehkhkŞ khayhg' ::Hay jncb} o| ix}n||n}bc jh uï}hcîkmbvn}xk nvîkkngmü ïaŞîkmbvn}bg ï| n `bvvî }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn}bg céuûk'

:<N ghayhmoc gntbg ix}n||n}bc jh }év jocî}+ cï} cb|} ï| }ovhggïay hayïuh| òjî}kngjîzîgy}3 :=n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn} n jocîc+ cb|bc ï| jîzîgybc |vîin |vhzog}+ nvhkŞézî|gnc ihaehkhkŞ khayhg' :8Hay chl|chjncb} o| ix}n||n}bc jh uï}hcîkmbvn}xk nv îkkngmüïaŞîkmbvn}bg ï| n `bvvî }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn}bg céuûk'

:5Nv õ}õmoc gntbg ix}n||n}bc jh cokhgl jocî}+ cï} cb|} ï| }ovhggïay hayïuh| òjî}kngjîzîgy}3 :1n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn} n jocîc+ cb|bc ï| jîzîgybc |vîin |vhzog}+ nvhkŞézî|gnc ihaehkhkŞ khayhg' :0Hay jncb} o| ix}n||n}bc jh uï}hcîkmbvn}xk nv îkkngmüïaŞîkmbvn}bg ï| n `bvvî }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn}bg céuûk'

:?N `n}bmoc gntbg ix}n||n}bc jh gybkl jocî}+ cï} cb|} ï| }ovhggïay hayïuh| òjî}kngjîzîgy}3 <4n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn} n jocîc+ cb|bc ï| jîzîgybc |vîin |vhzog}+ nv

hkŞézî|gnc ihaehkhk

Şkhayhg'

<>

Hay jncb} o| ix}n||n}bc jh uï}hcîkmbvn}xk nv îkkngmüïaŞîkmbvn}bg ï| n `bvvî }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn}bg céuûk'<:N `h}hmoc gntbg ix}n||n}bc jh `ï} jocî}+ cï} cb|} ï| }ovhggïay hayïuh| òjî}kng

jîzîgy}3 <<n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn} n jocîc+ cb|bc ï| jîzîgybc |vîin |vhzog}+ nvhkŞézî|gnc ihaehkhkŞ khayhg' <=Hay jncb} o| ix}n||n}bc jh uï}hcîkmbvn}xk nv îkkngmüïaŞîkmbvn}bg ï| n `bvvî }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn}bg céuûk'

<8N gybklnmoc gntbg }nz}|n}bc ûgghth}+ gh uïahvvh}hc |hiioeïkh ebaknkcbvî|`bv}nz}bvü ixgcî}' <5Ix}n||n}bc jh ïaŞîkmbvn}b} chmuh| okkn}ö }žvîkmbvn}xk nv ÖZgnc6 hay jocî}+hay cb|} ï| `ï} hayïuh| òjî}kng jîzîgy}3 <1n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn} n jocn+ n cb|ï| n jîzîgybc |vîin |vhzog}+ nv hkŞézî|gnc ihaehkhkŞ khayhg' <0Hay jncb} o| ix}n||n}bc jhïaŞîkmbvn}xk nv îkkngmü ïaŞîkmbvn}bg ï| n `bvvî }nz}bvü ï}hk) ï| o}nkîkmbvn}bg céuûk'




<5

<?Iogmnvbg céuûk+ nio} ebanmnkio unay õgcïg}h| îkmbvn}cïg} ix}n}}bc jhïaŞîkmbvn}xk+ ï}hkîkmbvn}xk+ o}nkîkmbvn}xk unay jïchîkmbvn}xk+ hvhch} cï|vé}|ï}hc hkûgghtho}hchg nv ÖZgnc'

<4 >

Ï| Iüvh| hkibgm}n Ovzîhk eonognc iogmnv}+ nio} nv ÖZ tnzngl|bk} Iüvh|ghc'

Nv n||vbgybc ebanmnkin :Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh| Ovzîhk eonognc }õzv|e Şo`hv6 Hv} tnzngl|bk}n nv ÖZ6 <@n eïzeo }h|vebanmnkin} nv ÖZgnc+ unay h|cû} }h|v+ ï| öay cõ}hkhvo inaî} õgiha}nz}üv}n}î|zn+ gh |vhafhiha n |vnuî}+ `nghi }hayhg iha iogmhg} öay+ n`bayng coibgm}n' =Mh `n gŞ }h|v ebanmnkin}nv ÖZgnc+ ï| cõ}hkhvo inaî} õgiha}nz}üv}n}î|zn nv ntfn `îvîjng+ iïa iog} khîgy+ 8`n ntfn`nkkb}}n ebanmnkiî} ï| n uîkknkî|î}+ niouhk õgiha}nz}üv}n}î|zn cõ}hkhv}h inaî}+ ï| ghihkkhghv}h nv ntfn+ nccbz ïzuïgyh| iogmhg ebanmnkin+ ï| ïzuïgyh| iogmhg uîkknkî|n+ nihkkyhkõgiha}nz}üv}n}î|zn cõ}hkhv}h inaî}' 5@n nvbgjng hkkhg}ibgm ghco nv ntfn+ niocbz `nkkfn Ş}+nccbz ghi ïzuïgyh| |hiioeïkh ebanmnkin unay uîkknkî|n+ nihkkyhk õgiha}nz}üv}n}î|zn

cõ}hkhv}h inaî}' Ï| nv ÖZ ihajbl|î} ghco+ ihz} nv ntfn ibgmb}} ghco hkkhg}' 1@n thmoa öay ihay eïzf`hv+ `bay ebanmnkbi }hz`hko+ unay ihaabgmbkn}kng jh|vïmmhkcõ}hkhv}h hk inaî}+ 0ï| n eïzfh `nkkb}} zükn+ mh niocbz `nkkb}} zükn+ ghi hkkhghv}h+ nccbzïzuïgyh|hc n ebanmnkino+ ï| ïzuïgyh| nv n uîkknkî|n o|+ nihkkyhk õgiha}nz}üv}n}î|zn cõ}hkhv}hinaî}' ?Mh `n n eïzfh hkkhg}ibgm ghco+ niocbz `nkk zükn+ nccbz ïzuïgy}hkhggï }h|vo nv n||vbgyebanmnkiî}+ nihky Ş} }hz`hko+ ï| n ihaabgmbkn}kng jh|vïmh}+ nihkkyhk õgiha}nz}üv}n}î|zncõ}hkhv}h inaî}+ ï| nv ÖZ o| ihajbl|î} ghco' >4Nv õvuhay unay eïzfï}Şk hkjbl|î}b}}n||vbgygnc iogmhg ebanmnkin ïzuïgyh|+ nihkkyhk õgiha}nz}üv}n}î|zn cõ}hkhv}h inaî}'

>>@n iîz n eïzfh `îvîjng }h|v ebanmnkin} hay n||vbgy unay cõ}hkhvo inaî} h|cûuhkõgiha}nz}üv}n}î|zn+ >:`n n eïzfh `nkkb}}n+ ghi hkkhghv}h ï| ghi ibgmb}} hkkhg} ghco+ nccbzïzuïgyh| iogmhg ebanmnkin+ ï| ïzuïgyh| iogmhg uîkknkî|n+ nihkkyhk õgiha}nz}üv}n}î|zncõ}hkhv}h inaî}' ><Mh `n n eïzfh ïzuïgy}hkhggï }h|vo n ebanmnkincn}+ niocbz iha`nkkfn nvbcn}+nccbz ghi ïzuïgyh| |hiio njjük+ nio} ebanmnkbicïg} coibgmb}} unay niozh hkcõ}hkhv}hinaî}' N eïzfh ïzuïgy}hkhggï }h}}h nvbcn}+ ï| nv ÖZ o| ihajbl|î} ghco' >=Iogmhg ebanmnkin}ï| iogmhg h|cû}+ nihkkyhk õgiha}nz}üv}n}î|zn cõ}hkhvo inaî}+ n eïzfh }h|v ïzuïgyh||ï+ ï| neïzfh }h|v ïzuïgy}hkhggï' >8Mh `n n eïzfh ghi hkkhgvo nv} nvgnt+ haï|vhg iî|gntoa+ nccbzïzuïgyh||ï }h|vo iogmhg ebanmnkiî} ï| iogmhg uîkknkî|î}+ nihky Ş} }hz`hko6 ïzuïgyh||ï }h}}hnvbcn}+ ihz} ghi hkkhghv}h nvbg n gntbg+ nihkyhg iha`nkkb}}n' >5Mh `n cï|Şjj }h|voïzuïgy}hkhggï nvbcn}+ iog} niocbz `nkkb}} zükxc+ nccbz nv n||vbgy jžgh Ş} }hz`hko'

>1Hvhch} n zhgmhkchvï|hch} tnzngl|bk}n nv ÖZ Iüvh|ghc n eïzfzh ï| n ehkh|ïazh+unkniog} nv ntîzn ï| n khîgyzn ubgn}cbvükna+ `n nv iïa iog} khîgy ntfn `îvîjng ïk'

<> Ovzîhk jb||vö} îkk Iomfîgbg >Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 :Îkkf jb||vö} Ovzîhk eonoïz} n iomfîgoncbg+ nvx}îg hkŞmhomihkkï chzûk|v' <Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh| n gït`hv6 Ehayuhzhvvh}hc eõk inan}bc cõvûkeïzeoncn} n `nzlzn+ ï| }îinmfîc iha Iomfîg}+ `bay jb||vö} îkkfngnc Iomfîgbg nv ÖZïz}' =Hvzh}cûkmfh}hc hay)hay }õzv|jŞk+ Ovzîhk iogmhayoc }õzv|ïjŞk n `nzljn' 8Couhvïgyhk}hc }h`î} Ovzîhk|bznojük }õzv|hgcïg} hvzh}6 }ovhgcï}hvhz `nzlzn eõkehayuhzvh}} hijhz}' 5Nvx}îg l|n}îjn cûkm}hŞch} Iüvh|+ }õzv|hgcïg} hvzh}3 uhkûc hayû}} l|n}îjn cûkm}h Eoghî|}+ Hkhîvîz tnt eoî} o|+ ihz} Ş chvhk}h n |vhg} h|vcõvõch} ï| n zonmü} fhkvŞ `nz|bgîcn}'

1L|n}îjn o| |vîkk}nc Iomfîg hkkhg+ n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ+ ï|

ihaõk}hc iogmhg eïzeo}'0

Iomfîg cozîkyno} o| ihaõk}ïc nvbccnk+ ncoch} khiï|vîzbk}nc6 Hué}+Zhchih}+ Löz}+ @öz} ï| Zhjî}6 Iomfîg õ} cozîkyî}' Ihaõk}ïc ehayuhzzhk Jîkîib}+ Jhüz eoî} o|'




<1

?Iomfîg n||vbgyno} ï| ayhzihcho} nvbgjng ebakyxk hf}h}}ïc Ovzîhk eono+ ï| hkuo}}ïcv|îciîgycïg} iogmhg îkkn}xcn}+ fü|vîaxcn} ï| haï|v unaybgxcn}' >4Eõkthzv|hk}hckncü`hkyûcõg iogmhg uîzb|} ï| |î}bz}îjbz}' >>Nvx}îg eba}îc nv haï|v v|îciîgy} ï| nv õ||vh|iha|vhzvh}} hijhz} ï| îkkn}b}+ >:ï| bmnuo}}ïc Iüvh|`hv+ Hkhîvîz tnt`bv ï| Ovzîhk eonocõvõ||ïaï`hv n ebakybcn} ï| n iha|vhzvh}} v|îciîgy} n }îjbzjn+ Iüîj |éc|îaîg+ n Fbzmîg

ihkkh}}+ Fhzocüunk |vhijhg'><Iüvh|+ Hkhîvîz tnt ï| n cõvõ||ïa õ||vh| ehfhmhkih coubgxk} hkïfûc n }îjbzbg céuûkzh'>=Mh Iüvh| iha`nznaxmb}} n `nm|hzha uhvh}Şozh+ nv hvzhmh|hczh ï| n |vîvnmb|bczn+ ncoc`nvn}ïz}hc n ihauéub}} `nzljük' >8Hv} ibgm}n ghcoc Iüvh|6 @î} }o ïkh}jhg `nay}î}bc nv haï|vn||vbgygïth}2. >5@o|vhg Şc l|îjé}b}}îc `ž}khg|ïazh nv ÖZ hkkhg Ovzîhk eono} Jîkîi }ngîl|n|vhzog} Thüz chmuïïz}. Hvïz} ïz}h l|ntî| nv ÖZ cõvõ||ïaï}' >1Ib|} nvïz} õkfh}hc iha iogmhgeoöayhzihch}+ ï| õkfh}hc iha iogmhg gŞ} o|+ ncoghc iîz ubk} mbkan eïzeounk öay+ `bay uhkh`îk}' >0Mh `nayfn}bc ïkh}jhg inan}bcgnc iogmhg khîgyayhzihch}+ nco iïa ghi o|ihzo neïzeounk unkü `îkî|}' >?]o thmoa inznmfn}bc n }îjbzbg céuûk `ï} gntoa' Iogmnv+ nco ihaõk}unknco}+ unay ihaïzog}h}} hay hkh|h}}h}+ }o|v}é}|n iha inaî} n `nzinmoc gntbg ï| n `h}hmocgntbg6 }o o|+ iha n ebakyno}bc o|' :4]o|v}é}|n}bc iha iogmhg zx`î}+ jŞz`bkio}+

chl|ch|vŞzcï|vé}iïgy} ï| iogmhg enh|vcõv}':>Hkhîvîz tnt thmoa hv} ibgm}n n cn}bgîcgnc+ ncoc ihafîz}îc n `îjbzö}6 Hv n }õzuïgyzhgmhkchvï|h+ nihkyh} ihatnzngl|bk} Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ6 ::Nv nzngy)+ hvû|})+ zïv)+ iha n un|)+log) ï| ükbi`bkio}+ :<iogmnv}+ nio }žvîkkü+ }nz}|î}bc }žvjh+ `bay iha}o|v}xkfbg+ mh iïa}o|v}é}üuévvhk o| }o|v}é}|î}bc iha' Nio thmoa ghi }žvîkkü+ nv} ihzé}|ï}hc uévjh. :=Zx`î}bcn} o|ib||î}bc co n `h}hmoc gntbg+ `bay }o|v}îc khayh}hc' Nvx}îg jhfõ`h}}hc n }îjbzjn'

:8Nvx}îg hv} ibgm}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ6 :5\vîibkm õ||vh n ebakybcn}+ nv hkebab}}hijhzhch} ï| îkkn}bcn}+ Hkhîvîz tnttnk ï| n cõvõ||ïa l|nkîme Şouhk hayû}}' :1Ehkhvm iha nv|îciîgy} n `nmjn ubgxk} `nzlb|bc ï| nv haï|v cõvõ||ïa cõvõ}}' :0Uïay hk hay zï|v} nvÖZgnc n `nmjn ubgxk} `nzlb|bc}ük+ õ}|vîvjük hayh}6 hijhz}+ inz`î}+ |vninzn} ï| fx`b}haynzîg}' :?Njjük n ehkïjŞk uhayï}hc hk+ nio ghcoc fx}b}}+ ï| nmm nv} Hkhîvîz tntgnc nv ÖZgnc|vükü ehknfîgkî|cïg}' <4Nv Ovzîhk eonognc fx}b}} ehkïjŞk thmoa uïay hk õ}uhghgcïg} hayh}6 hijhz}ï| inz`î}+ |vninzn} iha fx`b}+ iogmhgeïkh îkkn}b}' Nmm nvbcn} n kïuo}îcgnc+ ncoc nv ÖZ `nfkïcîgîk uïavoc n }hggounkücn}' <>Iüvh| ï| Hkhîvîz tnt öay fîz} hk+ n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}nIüvh|ghc nv ÖZ'

<:Hv ubk} nv+ nio n iha|vhzvh}} v|îciîgyjük ihainznm}3 njjük+ nio} v|îciîgybk} n`nmogït6 `n}|vîv`h}uhgõ}hvhz fx`+ <<`h}uhgcï}hvhz inz`n+ <=`n}unghayhvhz |vniîz <8ï|`nzioglcï}hvhz hijhz6 nvbc n gŞc+ ncoc ghi o|ihz}ïc n eïzeounk unkü `îkî|}'

<5Hgghc nv n ehkh+ nio n `nmjn ubgxk}nc zï|vh ubk}+ |vîi |vhzog} n cõuh}chvŞ ubk}6`îzbi|vîv`nziogl`ï}hvhz)õ}|vîv fx`+ <1hjjŞk nv ÖZgnc fîzü zï|v `n}|vîv`h}uhgõ} fx` ubk}3<0`nziogl`n}hvhz inz`n+ hjjŞk nv ÖZgnc fîzü zï|v `h}uhgch}}Ş ubk}3 <?`nzioglhvhz)õ}|vîv

|vniîz+ hjjŞ

k nv ÖZ

gnc fîzü zï|v `n}unghay ubk}3

=4

ï| }ovhg`n}hvhz hijhz+ cõvûkûc nv ÖZ

gnc fîzü zï|v `nzioglcï} kïkhc ubk}' =>Iüvh| î}nm}n Hkhîvîz tntgnc nv ÖZgnc ehknfîgkb}} zï|v}+n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ'

=:Nv Ovzîhk eonognc fx}b}} ehkhzï|v+ nihkyh} hkuh}} Iüvh| n `nzlb|bc}ük+ =<}h`î} ncõvõ||ïazh h|Ş ehkhzï|v hggyo ubk}6 `îzbi|vîv`nziogl`ï}hvhz)õ}|vîv fx`+ ==`nziogl`n}hvhzinz`n+ =8`nzioglhvhz)õ}|vîv |vniîz =5ï| }ovhg`n}hvhz hijhz' =1Nv Ovzîhk eonognc fx}b}}ehkhzï|vjŞk hkuh}} Iüvh| iogmhg õ}uhg hijhzjŞk ï| îkkn}jük hayh}+ ï| bmnnm}n nvbcn} nkïuo}îcgnc+ ncoc nv ÖZ `nfkïcîgîk uïahv}ïc n }hggounküocn}+ n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}nIüvh|ghc nv ÖZ'

=0Nccbz bmnihg}hc Iüvh|`hv n |hzha hay|ïahoghc n tnzngl|gbcno+ nv hvzhmh|hc ï| n|vîvnmb|bc+ =?ï| hv} ibgm}îc Iüvh|ghc6 Io+ n }h |vbkaîom+ õ||vh|vîibk}xc n zîgc jévb}}

`nzlb|bcn}+ ï| |hgco |hi òîgyvoc cõvûkûgc'84

Hvïz} hk`bv}xc iogmgyîfng nv ÖZgnc |vüküîkmbvn}xk nv nzngyïc|vhzhch}+ co)co nio} }nkîk}6 n jbcnkîglbcn} ï| cnzthzhlhch}+ n ayžzžch}+






<?

ghi chkghc î} uhkh}hc ehayuhzh|hg+ nccbz cõv}h}hc+ Cîgnîg eõkmfïg cntfngnc joz}bcb}' <>Aîmï| Zöjhg eono éay uîkn|vbk}nc6 Öay l|hkhc|vûgc+ n`bayng nv ÖZ |vbkaîomgnc ihaibgm}n' <:Ioî}chkûgc ehayuhzh|hg nv ÖZ |végh hkŞ}} Cîgnîg eõkmfïzh+ mh nv õzõc|ïaûk cntb}} joz}bcxgckhayhg o}}+ n Fbzmîgbg ogghg'

<<Iüvh| }h`î} ghcoc+ Aîm ï| Zöjhg eonognc+ iha Füv|he eono cõvûk Ingn||ï }õzv|h

ehkïghc nm}n \vé`üggnc+ nv hiüzonc cozîkyîgnc bz|vîaî} ï| Üagnc+ Jî|îg cozîkyîgnc bz|vîaî}+nv} n eõkmh} uîzb|nounk ï| n uîzb|bc cõzûko }hzûkh}hcchk hayû}}' <=Aîm eono eõkïté}h}}ïc Méjüg}+N}îzü}b} ï| Nzüïz}+ <8N}zü})\üeîg}+ Fnvïz} ï| Fbajb`î}+ <5Jï})Goizî} ï| Jï})@îzîg}+ hvhch} nihahzŞ|é}h}} uîzb|bcn} ï| n fx`bc nckno}' <1Zöjhg eono thmoa eõkïté}h}}ïc @h|jüg}+ Hkîkï} ï|Cozfî}nfoib}+ <0Ghjü}+ Jnnk)Ihüg}+ nihkyhcghc ihauîk}bv}n}}îc n ghuï}+ }buîjjî \vojiî}'Éay ghuhv}ïc hk nvbcn} n uîzb|bcn}+ nihkyhch} eõkïté}h}}hc'

<?Ingn||ï eoîgnc+ Iîcézgnc n eono thmoa Aokhîmjn ubgxk}nc+ hkebaknk}îc nv}+ ï| cožv}ïcnv b}} kncü hiüzoncn}' =4Iüvh| Ingn||ï eoîgnc+ Iîcézgnc nm}n Aokhîmb}+ nco kh}hkhthmh}} b}}' =>Ingn||ï iî|oc eon+ Fîéz eõkubgxk}+ ï| hkebaknk}n nv hiüzonc |î}bzenkuno}' Hkghuhv}h nvbcn} Fîéz|î}bzenkunognc' =:Güjn` o| eõkubgxk}+ hkebaknk}n Chgî}b} ï| enkuno}+ ï| n inan ghuïzŞkGüjn`gnc ghuhv}h hk'

<< Ovzîhk }îjbz`hkyho n tx|v}îjng >Hvhc Ovzîhk eonognc n }îjbz`hkyho n}}ük ebaun+ `bay |hzhahoc Iüvh| ï| Îzbg uhvh}ï|ïuhkcoubgxk}nc Hayot}bijük' :Iüvh| xayngo| nv ÖZ tnzngl|îzn iogmoa eõkfhayhv}h+ `n}buîjjogmxk}nc n }îjbz`hkyhoczŞk' Hvhc nvbc n }îjbz`hkyhc+ n`bggng hkogmxk}nc6

<Hkogmxk}nc Zni|vh|vjŞk nv hk|Ş `ügntjng+ nv hk|Ş `ügnt }ovhgõ}õmoc gntfîg' N tî|cî}cõuh}Ş gntbg fõ}}hc co Ovzîhk eono nv ÖZ chvïghc bk}nkin nkn}} haï|v Hayot}bi |vhih kî}}îzn+ =iocõvjhg nv hayot}bionc |bzzn }hih}}ïc iogmnvbcn} nv hk|Ş|vûkõ}}hch}+ ncoch} ihaõk} nv ÖZ+ihz} nv ÖZ é}ïkh}h} }nz}b}} o|}hghochg'

8Hkogmxk}nc }h`î} Ovzîhk eono Zni|vh|vjŞk+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc \vxccü}jng' 5Hkogmxk}nc\vxccü}jük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Ï}îijng+ n tx|v}n |vïkïg' 1Hkogmxk}nc Ï}îijük+ ï| Té)@n`ézü}ehkï ebzmxk}nc Jnnk)Lheüggnk |vhijhg+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Ioamük hkŞ}}' 0Hkogmxk}nc Té)@n`ézü}jük+ ï| n }hgahzhg î}chkuh hkïzchv}hc n tx|v}îjn' @îzbignto x}n} }h}}hc iha nv Ï}îi)tx|v}îjng+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Iîzîjng' ?Hkogmxk}nc Iîzîjük+ ï| hkfx}b}}nc Ïkoijh' Ïkoijhg ubk}}ovhgcï} ebzzî| ï| `h}uhg tîkinen' ]îjbz} û}õ}}hc b}}' >4Hkogmxk}nc ÏkoijŞk+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc nUõzõ|)}hgahz ihkkh}}' >>Hkogmxk}nc n Uõzõ|)}hgahz}Şk+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc n \vég)tx|v}îjng'>:Hkogmxk}nc n \vég)tx|v}îjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Mbecîjng' ><Hkogmxk}nc Mbecîjük+ ï| }îjbz}û}õ}}hc Îkö|jng' >=Hkogmxk}nc Îkö|jük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Zheéméijhg' B}} ghi ubk} n gïtghcouüuovh' >8Hkogmxk}nc ZheéméijŞk+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc n \égno)tx|v}îjng' >5Hkogmxk}nc n \égno)tx|v}îjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Cojzü})]nnuîjng' >1Hkogmxk}nc Cojzü})]nnuîjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc

@nlïzü}jng'

>0

Hkogmxk}nc @nlïzü}jük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Zo}iîjng'

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Hkogmxk}nc Zo}iîjük+ ï|}îjbz} û}õ}}hc Zoiiüg)Thzhljhg' :4Hkogmxk}nc Zoiiüg)ThzhljŞk+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Kojgîjng':>Hkogmxk}nc Kojgîjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Zo||vîjng' ::Hkogmxk}nc Zo||vîjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hcCh`ïkî}îjng' :<Hkogmxk}nc Ch`ïkî}îjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc n \hehz)`haygïk' :=Hkogmxk}nc n \hehz)`hay}Şk+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc @nzîmîjng' :8Hkogmxk}nc @nzîmîjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Inc`ïkü}jng':5Hkogmxk}nc Inc`ïkü}jük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc ]n`n}jng' :1Hkogmxk}nc ]n`n}jük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc]hzn`jng' :0Hkogmxk}nc ]hzn`jük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Io}cîjng' :?Hkogmxk}nc Io}cîjük+ ï| }îjbz}û}õ}}hc @n|iügîjng' <4Hkogmxk}nc @n|iügîjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Iü|vïzü}jng' <>Hkogmxk}ncIü|vïzü}jük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Jhgï)Fnncîgjng' <:Hkogmxk}nc Jhgï)Fnncîgjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc@üz)@naaomaîmjng' <<Hkogmxk}nc @üz)@naaomaîmjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Fb}jî}îjng' <=Hkogmxk}ncFb}jî}îjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Njzügîjng' <8Hkogmxk}nc Njzügîjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Hlfüg)

Ahjhzjhg'<5

Hkogmxk}nc Hlfüg)AhjhzjŞk+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc n Log)tx|v}îjng khuŞ Cîmï|jng'<1Hkogmxk}nc Cîmï|jük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc n @üz)`haygïk+ Hmüi bz|vîaîgnc n `n}îzîg'




=4

<0B}} Îzbg e Ştnt eõkihg} n @üz)`hayzh nv ÖZ tnzngl|n |vhzog}+ ï| iha`nk} nghayuhghmoc ïujhg nvx}îg+ `bay Ovzîhk eono cofõ}}hc Hayot}bijük+ nv ïu õ}õmoc `ügntfîjng+ n`ügnt hk|Ş gntfîg' <?Îzbg |vîv`x|vbg`îzbi ïuh| ubk}+ niocbz iha`nk} n @üz)`hayhg'

=4Nccbz `nkkb}}n iha n cîgnîgo Nzîm cozîkyn+ nco Cîgnîg eõkmfïg+ n Mïkuomïchg kncb}}+`bay fõgghc Ovzîhk eono' =>

Ŕc thmoa hkogmxk}nc n @üz)`hay}Şk+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Lnkiügîjng'=:

Hkogmxk}nc Lnkiügîjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Tögügjng'=<

Hkogmxk}nc Tögügjük ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hcÜjü}jng' ==Hkogmxk}nc Üjü}jük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Offï)Njîzéijng+ Iüîj `n}îzîg' =8Hkogmxk}ncOffï)Njîzéijük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Méjüg)Aîmjng' =5Hkogmxk}nc Méjüg)Aîmjük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hcNkiüg)Mojkî}nfoijng' =1Hkogmxk}nc Nkiüg)Mojkî}nfoijük+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc nv Njîzéi)`hay|ïagïk Ghjüunk |vhijhg' =0Hkogmxk}nc nv Njîzéi)`hay|ïa}Şk+ ï| }îjbz} û}õ}}hc Iüîj|éc|îaîg+ n Fbzmîg ihkkh}}+ Fhzocüunk |vhijhg' =?B}} }îjbzbv}nc n Fbzmîg ihg}ïg Jï})@nffh|éiü}}ük Îjïk)@n||o}}éioa Iüîj |éc|îaîg'

84Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ Iüîj |éc|îaîg+ n Fbzmîg ihkkh}}+ Fhzocüunk|vhijhg6 8>\vükf Ovzîhk eono`bv+ ï| ibgmm iha ghcoc6 @n î}chk}hc n Fbzmîgbg Cîgnîg eõkmfïzh+8:žvvï}hc co inan}bc hkŞk nv bz|vîa iogmhg kncb|î}+ tx|v}é}|î}bc hk õ||vh| jîkuîgyxcn}+ õg}õ}}

jîkuîgy|vbjznocn} o| iogm tx|v}é}|î}bc hk+ ï| }hayï}hc }õgczh unknihggyo îkmbvü`nkixcn}. 8<Uhayï}hc joz}bcjn nv bz|vîab}+ ï| kncfn}bc njjng+ ihz} ghc}hc nm}ni nv} n eõkmh}+ `bay }ojoz}bcbkfî}bc' 8=\bz|uh}ï||hk b||vî}bc ehk õzõc|ïaûk nv bz|vîab} ghivh}|ïaho}hc cõvõ}}' Ngnaybjjgnc gnaybjj õzõc|ïah} nmfn}bc+ n co|hjjghc thmoa co|hjj õzõc|ïah} fx}}n||n}bc'Iogmhgco nv} cntfn+ nio n |bz|uh}ï||hk fx} ghco' Nv Ş|o }õzv|hc |vhzog} b||vî}bc |vï} nvõzõc|ïah}. 88Mh `n ghi žvo}hc co inan}bc hkŞk nv bz|vîa kncb|no}+ nccbz }û|cïuï kh|vghc n|vhih}hcjhg ï| }õuo||ï nv bkmnkn}bcjng nvbc+ ncoch} iha`nay}bc cõvûkûc+ ï| |vbzbgan}goebagnc jhggh}hch} nvbg n eõkmõg+ nihkyhg kncgo eba}bc+ 85ï| infm uhkh}hc jîgbc hk öay+n`bayng Şuhkûc ncnz}ni hkjîggo'

<= Nv éaïzh} eõkmfïghc `n}îzno >Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 :Tnzngl|bkm iha Ovzîhk eonognc+ ï| ibgmm iha ghcoc6@n infm jhihg}hc Cîgnîg eõkmfïzh+ nv n eõkm+ Cîgnîg eõkmfh fx} ghc}hc õzõc|ïaûk n cõuh}chvŞ `n}îzbc |vhzog}6 <N mïko `n}îzuomïc n Log)tx|v}î}ük Hmüi ihg}ïg khayhg' Hv khayhg n mïko`n}îzb}bc6 chkh}hg n \ü|)}hgahz uïaï}Şk ogmxkfbg+ =chzûkfh iha n `n}îz mïkzŞk nv Ncznjjéi)`îaü}+ ï| ihgfhg Log ehkï+ gyökfbg kh Cîmï|)Jnzghî}ük mïkzh+ infm `nknmfbg @nlnz)Nmmîzoa+ ï|ihgfhg }buîjj Nliüg ehkï' 8Nliüg}ük ebzmxkfbg n `n}îz Hayot}bi tn}ncfn ehkï+ ï| uïavŞmfïcn }hgahzgïk'

5N gyxan}o `n}îzb}bc n Gnay)}hgahz ï| nggnc tnz}uomïch khayhg' Hv khayhg n gyxan}o`n}îzb}bc'

1Hv khayhg nv ï|vnco `n}îzb}bc6 N Gnay)}hgahz}Şk n @üz)`hayoa fhkõkfï}hc co+ 0n @üz)

`hay}Ş

k fhkõkfï}hc co n @niî}jn uhvh}Ş

ö}oa+ infm n `n}îz gyökfbg co Lhmîm ehkï+

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nvx}îg`nknmfbg n `n}îz Voezüg ehkï+ ï| n uïah @nlnz)Ïgîggîk khayhg' Hv khayhg nv ï|vnco `n}îzb}bc'>4N chkh}o `n}îz} @nlnz)Ïgîg}ük \heîioa fhkõkfï}hc co+ >>\heîi}ük ihgfhg kh n `n}îz

Zojkî ehkï+ Nfog}ük chkh}zh+ infm ihgfhg }buîjj n `n}îz khehkï+ niéa hk ghi ïzo n Cogghzh})}üchkh}o tnz}fîg khuŞ inan|kn}bcn}' >:Nvx}îg ihgfhg kh n `n}îz n Fbzmîg ehkï+ ï| uïavŞmfïc n \ü|)}hgahzgïk' Hv khayhg bz|vîab}bc `n}îzn cõzõ|)cõzûk.

><Nvx}îg hv} tnzngl|bk}n Iüvh| Ovzîhk eonognc6 Hv} n eõkmh} b||vî}bc ehk õzõc|ïaûk|bz|uh}ï||hk+ n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}n nv ÖZ+ ï| nmfî}bc bmn n cokhgl ï| eïk }õzv|ghc' >=Ihz}Zöjhg }õzv|ïghc n gnayl|nkîmfno ï| Aîm }õzv|ïghc n gnayl|nkîmfno iîz ihacnt}îcõzõc|ïaûch}+ ï| Ingn||ï }õzv|ïghc n ehkh o| ihacnt}n' >8Hv n cï} ï| eïk }õzv| n Fbzmîgbgogghg+ chkh}hg+ Fhzocüunk |vhijhg cnt}n iha õzõc|ïaï}'




=>

Nv bz|vîa ehkb|v}üo >5Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 >1Gïu |vhzog} hvhc khayhghc nvbc n eïzeonc+ ncocehkb|v}fîc cõvõ}}h}hc õzõc|ïaûk nv bz|vîab}6 Hkhîvîz tnt ï| Füv|xï+ Gög eon' >0]õzv|hgcïg}hay)hay ehfhmhkih} uîkn||vn}bc ihkkïfûc nv bz|vîa ehkb|v}î|îzn' >?Gïu |vhzog} hvhc khayhghc6Fömn }õzv|ïjŞk Cîkïj+ Fhexggh eon' :4\oihbg eonognc }õzv|ïjŞk \hiöïk+ Niié`öm eon':>

Jhgfîiog }õzv|ïjŞk Hkémîm+ Co|vküg eon'::

Mîg eonognc n }õzv|ïjŞk Jxccé ehfhmhkhi+ Fbaké eon':<Füv|he eono cõvûk6 Ingn||ï eonognc n }õzv|ïjŞk @nggéïk ehfhmhkhi+ Ïeüm eon+ :=Heznoi eonogncn }õzv|ïjŞk thmoa Chiöïk ehfhmhkhi+ \oe}îg eon' :8Vhjxkbg eonognc n }õzv|ïjŞk Hkélîeîgehfhmhkhi+ Tnzgnc eon' :5O||ncîz eonognc n }õzv|ïjŞk Tnk}éïk ehfhmhkhi+ Nvvng eon' :1Î|ïz eonogncn }õzv|ïjŞk N`é`öm ehfhmhkhi+ \hküié eon' :0Gne}îko eonognc n }õzv|ïjŞk Thmn`ïk ehfhmhkhi+Niié`öm eon' :?Hvhcghc tnzngl|bk}n iha nv ÖZ+ `bay b||vîc co nv õzõc|ïaûch} Ovzîhk eonogncCîgnîg eõkmfïg'

<8 N kïuo}îc uîzb|no >Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ Iüîj |éc|îaîg+ Fhzocüunk |vhijhg+ n Fbzmîg ihkkh}}6:Tnzngl|bkm iha Ovzîhk eonognc+ `bay n joz}bcxk cntb}} õzõc|ïaûcjŞk nmfngnc uîzb|bcn} nkïuo}îcgnc kncü`hkyûk' N uîzb|bc cõzûk khuŞ khahkŞch} o| nmfî}bc n kïuo}îcgnc' <Kncfngnchvhcjhg n uîzb|bcjng+ n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvü khahkŞch} thmoa `n|vgîkfîc gyîfnocgnc+ fü|vîaxcgncï| iogmhgeïkh îkkn}xcgnc' =Nvbcgnc n uîzb|bcgnc n khahkŞo+ nihkyhch} n kïuo}îcgnc nm}bc+ nuîzb| enkî}ük coehkï cõzõ|)cõzûk hvhz cõgyõcgyozh }hzfhmfhghc' 8N uîzb|bg céuûk n chkh}o bkmnkî}cï}hvhz cõgyõcghc iïzfï}hc+ n mïko bkmnkî} cï}hvhz cõgyõcghc+ n gyxan}o bkmnkî} cï}hvhzcõgyõcghc ï| nv ï|vnco bkmnkî} o| cï}hvhz cõgyõcghc+ öay+ `bay n uîzb| cõvïthg khayhg' Éayiïzfï}hc co hvhcghc n uîzb|bcgnc n khahkŞo}'

5Nvbc cõvûk n uîzb|bc cõvûk+ nihkyhch} n kïuo}îcgnc nm}bc+ khayhg `n} ihghmïcuîzb|'Hvhch} nzzn n lïkzn fhkõkfï}hc co+ `bay bmn ihghcûk`h||hg n ayokcb|' Znf}xc céuûk ghayuhgcï}uîzb|} nmfn}bc' 1Õ||vh|hg }h`î} ghayuhggybkl uîzb|} nmfn}bc n kïuo}îcgnc n `bvvîfxc }nz}bvükhahkŞcchk hayû}}' 0Öay nmfî}bc co Ovzîhk eonognc joz}bcîjük hvhch} n uîzb|bcn}+ `bay ncoghc}õjj fx}b}}+ n}}ük }õjjh}+ ncoghc chuh|hjj+ n}}ük chuh|hjjh} uhayh}hc hk' Iogmhayoc }õzv|n|vhzog} nmfbg uîzb|nojük n kïuo}îcgnc+ `bay iokyhg gnay n ghco cob|v}b}} õzõc|ïa'

N ihghmïcuîzb|bc ?Nvx}îg éay jh|vïk} Iüvh|`hv nv ÖZ6 >4\vükf Ovzîhk eono`bv+ ï| ibgmm iha ghcoc6 Niocbzî}chk}hc n Fbzmîgbg Cîgnîg eõkmfïzh+ >>uîkn||vn}bc co inan}bcgnc bkyng uîzb|bcn}+ nihkyhc nihghmïcuîzb|no}bc kh|vghc' Bmn ihghcûkfõg n ayokcb|+ `n ghi |vîgmïcb|ng õk iha unknco}' >:\vbkaîkfngnc ghc}hc hvhc n uîzb|bc ihghmïcûk n uïzjb||vxkü hkŞk+ `bay gh `nkfbg iha nayokcb|+ niéa bmn ghi îkk n cõvõ||ïa hkï é}ïkh}zh' ><@n} uîzb|} fhkõkfh}hc co inan}bcgnc

ihghmïcuîzb|xk'

>=

@îzbi uîzb|} fhkõkfh}hc co n Fbzmîgbg ogghg+ ï| `îzbi uîzb|} fhkõkfh}hc coCîgnîg eõkmfïg6 hvhc khayhghc n ihghmïcuîzb|bc' >8Khayhg hv n `n} uîzb| ihghmïcûk Ovzîhkeonognc ï| n fõuhuïgyhcghc+ iha n cõv}ûc kncü jh}hkhtûk}hcghc+ `bay bmn ihghcûk`h||hgiogmhgco+ nco ghi |vîgmïcb|ng õk} iha unknco}'

>5@n unknco öay ihaû}o un||vhz|vîiink n iî|ocn}+ `bay jhkh`nk+ ayokcb| nv6 `nkîkknkchkk kncbkgon n ayokcb|gnc' >1@n unknco n chvïjh chzûkŞ cŞuhk+ nihky `nkîk} bcbv`n}+ öayihaû}o n iî|ocn}+ `bay nv jhkh`nk+ ayokcb| nv6 `nkîkknk chkk kncbkgon n ayokcb|gnc' >0Unay `nunknco n chvïjh chzûkŞ enh|vcõvvhk+ nihky `nkîk} bcbv`n}+ öay û}o iha n iî|ocn}+ `bay nvjhkh`nk+ ayokcb| nv6 `nkîkknk chkk kncbkgon n ayokcb|gnc' >?Inan n uïzjb||vxkü zbcbg õkfh iha nayokcb|}' Ihaõk`h}o b}}+ n`bk zîncnm' :4@n unknco ayžkõkh}jŞk hkkõco n iî|ocn}+ unay `n îz}ü|vîgmïccnk mbjfn iha öay+ `bay jhkh`nk+ :>unay `n hkkhg|ïah| ogmxkn}îjng cïvvhk û}o iha n

iî|ocn} öay+ `bay nv jhkh`nk+ `nkîkknk chkk kncbkgon nggnc+ nco ihaû}õ}}h+ ihz} ayokcb| nv' Nuïzjb||vxkü ihaõk`h}o n ayokcb|} b}}+ n`bk zîncnm'



=:

::Mh `n l|nc òz}hkhg+ hkkhg|ïah| ogmxkn} gïkcûk }n|vé}b}}n hk+ unay ghi îz}ü |vîgmïccnkmbj}n iha unkniouhk n iî|ocn}+ :<unay zîhf}h}} eoayhkih}khg|ïajŞk n iî|oczn hay cõuh}+ nihky`nkîk} bcbv`n}+ ï| nv jhkh`nk}+ thmoa ghi o| ubk} hkkhg|ïah+ ï| ghi chzh|}h n uh|v}ï}+ :=nccbz ncõvõ||ïa é}ïkfhg n }h}}h| ï| n uïzjb||vxkü ûayïjhg+ hvhg hkŞézî|bc |vhzog}' :8Ihg}|h iha ncõvõ||ïa n ayokcb|} n uïzjb||vxkü}ük+ ï| cûkmfh uo||vn n cõvõ||ïa njjn n ihghmïcuîzb|jn+

n`bun ihghcûk}' Kncfïc b}}+ niéa iha ghi `nk n |vhg} bknffnk eõkchg} e Ştnt':5

Mh `n hk ihzo`naygo n ayokcb| nggnc n ihghmïcuîzb|gnc n `n}îzî}+ n`bun ihghcûk}+ :1ï| zî}nkîk nuïzjb||vxkü nggnc n ihghmïcuîzb|gnc n `n}îzîg céuûk+ nccbz ihaõk`h}o n uïzjb||vxkü nayokcb|}' Ghi }hz`hko uïz+ :0ihz} nggnc n ihghmïcuîzb|jng chkk kncgon n e Ştnt `nkîkîoa' L|ncn e Ştnt `nkîkn x}îg }ïz`h} uo||vn n ayokcb| n |nfî} eõkmfïzh' :?Hv khayhg n }õzuïgy zhgmhkchvï|hiogmhgû}}+ n`bk knc}bc+ ghivhmïczŞk ghivhmïczh.

<4@n hay hijhz naybgû} unknco}+ l|nc }ngöc |vnuîzn |vnjnm n ayokcb|} couïahvgo' Hay}ngö unkkbiî|n nvbgjng ghi hkïa n `nkîkb| é}ïkh}`hv' <>Ghi |vnjnm hkebanmgo uîk}|îaméfn} nvbkyng ayokcb| ïkh}ïïz}+ nco `nkîkzn iïk}ü jžg} cõuh}h}} hk6 nv okyhg `nkîkknk kncbkfbg. <:Mh `nunknco ihghmïcuîzb|jn ihghcûk}+ n}}ük |hi |vnjnm uîk}|îaméfn} hkebanmgo nvïz}+ `bay iïa ne Ştnt `nkîkn hkŞ}} uo||vn}ïz`h||hg ï| n |nfî} eõkmfïg knc`n||bg' <<Gh |vhg}|ïa}hkhgé}|ï}hc iha

nv} n eõkmh}+ nihkyhg knc}bc+ ihz} n uïz iha|vhg}|ïa}hkhgé}o n eõkmh}+ ï| n eõkmghc ghi kh`h}hgah|v}hkï|} |vhzhvgo n znf}n cobg}b}} uïzïz}+ l|nc nggnc n uïzïuhk+ nco cobg}b}}n' <=Gh }hayï}hc}o|v}î}nknggî nv} n eõkmh}+ nihkyhg knc}bc+ ï| n`bk ïg o| kncbvbi+ ihz} ïg+ nv ÖZ+ Ovzîhk eonocõvõ}} kncbvbi'

<5 Õzõcõ|õmï| khîgyîabg >HkŞîkk}nc n Aokhîm eonognc ghivh}|ïaïjŞk unkü l|nkîme Şc “ Aokhîm Ingn||ï eoîgnc+ Iîcézgncn eon ubk}+ Füv|he eono ghivh}|ïahojŞk “+ jh|vïkgo chvm}hc Iüvh| hkŞ}}+ iha n ehfhmhkihc+ nvnvOvzîhk eonognc n l|nkîme Şo hkŞ}}+ :ï| hv} ibgm}îc6 XZni+ nv} tnzngl|bk}n ghchm nv ÖZ+ `bay|bz|uh}ï||hk b|vm co hv} n eõkmh} õzõc|ïaûk Ovzîhk eonognc' Mh xzni+ nv} o| ihatnzngl|bk}nghchm nv ÖZ+ `bay }h|}uïzûgc+ Lhkbe`îm õzõc|ïaï} n khîgynognc nmm bmn' <@n nvbgjng Ovzîhkeonognc iî|oc }õzv|ïjŞk unkü hijhz`hv ihgghc ehkh|ïaûk+ nccbz nv Ş õzõc|ïaûcchk co|hjj kh|vn}yîogc õzõc|ïah+ ò|vhg nv nggnc n }õzv|ghc nv õzõc|ïaï`hv chzûk+ n`buî Şc ihgghc3 nghcûgc |bz|bk} õzõc|ïa thmoa éay co|hjj kh}}' =\Ş} iïa `n hkcõuh}chvoc o| nv õzõiûgght ïuhOvzîhk eono |vîiîzn+ nv Ş õzõc|ïaûc nccbz o| b}} inznm nggnc n }õzv|ghc nv õzõc|ïaïgïk+ n`bunchzûk}hc' Éay n io n}yîogc }õzv|ïghc õzõc|ïaïjŞk hkchzûk nv Ş õzõc|ïaûc'

8Hccbz tnzngl|b} nmb}} Iüvh| Ovzîhk eonognc nv ÖZ ncnzn}n |vhzog}+ ï| hv} ibgm}n6Oanvn ung Füv|he eono }õzv|ïghc. 5Hv} tnzngl|bkfn nv ÖZ Lhkbe`îm khîgynognc6 Ihgfhghcehkh|ïaûk+ nco`hv fügnc kî}fîc+ mh l|nc bkyng`bv ih`h}ghc ehkh|ïaûk+ nco n}yfxc }õzv|ïghc nghivh}|ïaïjŞk unkü' 1Éay ghi chzûk î} Ovzîhk eonognc nv õzõc|ïah hayoc }õzv|jŞk n iî|ocjn'

Ovzîhk eono cõvûk iogmhgco znan|vcbmfïc n}yîo }õzv|ïghc nv õzõc|ïaï`hv'

0

Iogmhg bkyng khîgy+nco õzõc|ïah} cnt Ovzîhk eonognc n }õzv|hojhg+ l|nc bkyng`bv ihgfhg ehkh|ïaûk+ nco n}yno}õzv|ïghc n ghivh}|ïaïjŞk unkü+ `bay Ovzîhk eono cõvûk iogmhgco iha}nz}|n Ş|o õzõc|ïaï}' ?Ghchzûkfõg î} õzõc|ïa hayoc }õzv|jŞk n iî|ocjn' Ovzîhk eonognc }õzv|hojŞk iogmhgco znan|vcbmfïcn inan õzõc|ïaï`hv.

>4Lhkbe`îm khîgyno öay l|hkhchm}hc+ n`bayng ihatnzngl|bk}n Iüvh|ghc nv ÖZ'>>Lhkbe`îm khîgyno+ In`kî+ ]ozlî+ @bakî+ Iokcî ï| Güî n gnayjî}yfxc eono`bv ihg}hcehkh|ïaûk' >:Füv|he eoîgnc+ Ingn||ïgnc n ghivh}|ïaïjŞk unkü hijhzhc`hv ihg}hc ehkh|ïaûk+ ï|éay õzõc|ïaûc ihainznm} n}yfxc ghivh}|ïaïghc n }õzv|ïgïk'

><Hvhc nvbc n tnzngl|bkn}bc ï| hkŞézî|bc+ nihkyhch} Iüvh| îk}nk tnzngl|bk} iha nv ÖZ Ovzîhk eonognc Iüîj |éc|îaîg+ n Fbzmîg ihkkh}}+ Fhzocüunk |vhijhg'

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