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New generation media in research New generation media in research and entertainmentand entertainment
Artur Binczewski, Maciej Głowiak, Bartłomiej Idzikowski, Maciej Stroiński, Maciej Stróżykartur | mac | idzik | stroins | mackostr @man.poznan.pl
Terena Networking ConferenceVilnius, 2010
1.1.The TechnologyThe Technology
History
• HDTV – the leading technology become from 1990s– Era of Windows 3.0, MS DOS 5.0 (1991)– Introduction of WWW (Tim Berners Lee) and Linux (Linus Torvalds)– 486DX2 (1992)– XGA (1024x768 in 256 colors in 1990, 65k colors in 1992)– SVGA (1280x1024 in 1998)
Era of Internet and new media
Issue
• HDTV – is not enough for many applications– Digital cinema– Entertainment– Science and visualization
• Next technology– 4K / Quad-HD / SHD– 8K / UHD / Super-Hi Vision– More?
What is 4K?
• The technology of displaying and processing high resolution video
• Resolutions of 8-9 Mpixel (~4K pixels horizontally):
– DCI (Digital Cinema Initiatives)4096x2160
– Quad HD3840x2160 4K is:
21x SD 10x HD720p 4x HD1080p
You can see more details…
Or a wider perspective…
Standards: Digital Cinema
• Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI)– Joint venture of major motion pictures studios – Formed in 2002 to establish a standard architecture for digital
cinema– http://www.dcimovies.com/
• First standard „Digital Cinema System Specification” established on Jul 2005 (v.1.0) now version 1.2 available
– approved resolutions and parameters for digital cinema• 2K (2048x1080) @ 24/48 fps• 4K (4096x2160) @ 24 fps
• JPEG2000 compression
– max. bit stream for 4K: 250 Mbit/s
– max. frame size: 1,3 MB (24 fps),
– 12 bits per color component, CIE XYZ color space
Beyond 4K – 8K and 3D
8K• 4K is not enough for many applications, next step is 8K
– 8192x4320 resolution, ~36 Mpix– UHD – Ultra High Definition or
NHK Super-Hi Vision• First tests in Japan (NHK) with 8K prototype camera
(shown on IBC 2008 and NAB 2009)
4K/8K Stereoscopy• Acquisition with two cameras & different angles
or 3D stereoscopic animations• Displaying 3D content in various techniques• Applications: CAD projects, visualisation
as well as entertainment (3D cinema, computer games)
4K/8K technology and new networks
Stream type Data stream Network interface
4K JPEG2000 (DCI) 250 Mbit/s 1 Gbit/s
4K JPEG2000 (DCI) 3D 2x 250 Mbit/s 1 Gbit/s
4K uncompressed 6 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s
4K uncompressed 3D 12 Gbit/s 40 Gbit/s
Stream type Data stream Network interface
8K JPEG2000 1 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s
8K JPEG2000 3D 2x 1 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s
8K uncompressed 24 Gbit/s 40 Gbit/s
8K uncompressed 3D 48 Gbit/s 100 Gbit/s
HPC application: times of rendering 4K animation movies
PC (1 CPU) Cluster 10 CPU
Cluster 100 CPU
1 frame 5 min 37 s 4 s
1 second 2 h 15 min 96 s
1 minute 120 h 15 h 1,5 h
1 hour 10 months 1 month 4 days
2.2.ApplicationsApplications
Digital Cinema
Distribution Center
Location ACinema room
Location BCinema room
Location CCommunity center
Streamingtransmission
4K
Movie A(4K)
Movie B(4K, HD) Movie B
(HD)
• Easy way of content distribution• A chance for small cinemas• Flexible accounting procedures• Different quality of content available (HD, 4K)• Copyrights and security
Event Location – live streaming from event hall
Movie B(4K)
Movie A(4K)
Movie A storing(4K)
4K applications: telemedicine
• Live video transmission of complex surgeries to remote team of supporting experts
– High resolution and good color mapping of image– Reliable network connection and usually uncompressed codecs
• Recording of surgeries and medical diagnostic processes for educational purposes
– Transmissions during symposiums and conferences
– High quality materials for medicine students
4K applications: security and monitoring
• issue: face recognition in a crowd
at airports, train stations and
during mass events (e.g.
stadiums)
• Many details on single 4K frame –
the powerful source for image
processing
• Useful for police, border services
and others security units
• Constraints:
– scalability,
– processing
4K applications: CAD/CAM projects
– Automotive design• Design and digital visualisation of 3D car models• Tests of safety, aerodynamics and ergonomic solutions
– Architecture and urban planning• Design and visualisation of buildings and engineering
constructions models• Tests of ergonomic and functionality as well as strength and
safety of constructions
4K live technology, videoconferencingand broadcasting
4K/8K Public Screening
4K applications: visualisation of scientific processes
• High resolution images in science:– Physicis – visualisation of research on elementary particles and
quantum mechanics– Biochemistry – particles and chemical reactions visualisation,
genetics structures visualisation– Meteorology – visualisation of complex weather processes as well
as disasters (e.g. tornados, earthquakes)– Astronomy and radioastronomy – presentations of sky maps,
stars and planets
3. 3. Initiatives and Initiatives and internationalinternationalcooperationcooperation
Worldwide initiatives (1)
CineGrid– Goal: The international cooperation for high resolution
solutions linking:• Research centers• Supercomputing Centers• Regional and national networks• Audio-video
equipment vendors• Motion picture studios
– Annual workshops in San Diego– Stimulation of new projects– Close cooperation
with movie industry– Focus on networking aspects
The worldwide initiatives (2)
HPDMnet (The High Performance Digital Media Network)
• Dynamic allocation of network resources for new media services• Utilisation GLIF (Global Lambda Infrastructure Facility) network resources• Design and development of dynamic and dedicated connection-oriented services
for L0/L1 • Infrastructure As a Service (IaaS) – implementation of new idea:
– All physical resources available as software objects
• Project founded by NSF• http://www.hpdmnet.net/
European initiatives (1)
• Many European institutions already working on 4K and new media:
– University of Amsterdam, and SurfNET, The Netherlands
– CESNET and Masaryk University, Czech Rep.
– I2CAT, Spain
– JANET, UK
– KTH, Sweden
– NORDUnet, Norway
– PSNC, Poland
– University of Essex, UK
– other…
European initiatives (2)
• Collaboration possible over the GEANT network– Cooperation and testbeds possible in GN3 project
• New media initiatives or projects:– TF-Media
• Enable collaboration among European NRENs and universities interested in federated multimedia content management and distribution as well as working on complete workflow for media production, management and distribution services
– VISIONAIR (VISION Advanced Infrastructure For Research) – [evaluation]
• VISIONAIR will create a unique and highly visible European infrastructure that supports high-level visualisation facilities.
• Europe has many individual facilities, managed in different ways and with very different access rules.
• Project will integrate these existing facilities and provide open access to the European research community.
• VISIONAIR will create a world-class research infrastructure that will enable world-leading research.
European Initiatives in FP7
1. Call FP7-ICT-2007-1 ICT-2007.1.5: Networked Media– Interoperable multimedia network and service infrastructures
– End-to-end systems and application platforms
2. Call FP7-ICT-2009-4 ICT-2009.1.5: Networked Media and 3D– Content aware networks and network aware applications (e.g. games)
– 3D Media Internet
– Immersive media experiences beyond HDTV and electronic cinema
3. Call INFRA-2010-1.1.29: Advanced Digital Visualisation Facilities– A project under this topic should aim at integrating the key virtual reality
visualisation facilities, holographic image processing facilities and other computer graphics and animation facilities for advanced visualisation of scientific information
4K demonstrations
• 12 Nov 2009– First 4K European fully DCI-
compliant live transmission between PSNC and University of Essex through the GEANT Network
• 31 May – 3 Jun 2010– TNC 2010 4K Demonstration
of JPEG2000 DCI transmissionbetween Colchester and Vilniusthrough the GEANT Network
4K node in PSNC
Summary
• 4K/8K (3D) technology provides new, high quality visualisation
possibilities
• Chance for scientists to take part in new media and
visualisation research projects
• Infrastructure and media labolatories equipment is required to
be significant member of international projects
• Huge mass events (Olympic Games 2012, EURO 2012, …)
could be an inpulse to demonstrate and implement high
resolution visualisation systems
• The need of build pan-European infrastructure and
collaboration for new high resolution media
