Nghiên cứu phương thuốc Thiên vương bổ tâm và thăm dò dạng bào chế.pdf

B Y T TRNG I HC DC H NI

NGUYN C NAM

NGHIN CU PHNG THUC

THIN VNG B TM V THM D

DNG BO CH

KHA LUN TT NGHIP DC S

H NI - 2014

B Y T TRNG I HC DC H NI

NGUYN C NAM

NGHIN CU PHNG THUC

THIN VNG B TM V THM D

DNG BO CH

KHA LUN TT NGHIP DC S

Ngi hng dn:

1.PGS.TS. Nguyn Mnh Tuyn

2.DS. Phan V Thu H

Ni thc hin:

B mn Dc hc c truyn

H NI 2014

LI CM N

Trong qu trnh nghin cu v hon thnh kha lun ny, ti xin by t

lng knh trng v bit n su sc ti PGS.TS. Nguyn Mnh Tuyn l ngi

tn tnh hng dn, ch bo v gip ti trong sut qu trnh thc hin v

hon thnh ti ny.

Ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh n DS. Phan V Thu H tn tnh

gip , cho ti nhng li khuyn qu bu v to mi iu kin thun li

ti hon thnh kha lun.

Ti cng xin cm n ton th cc thy c gio, cc anh ch k thut

vin b mn Dc hc c truyn- Trng i Hc Dc H Ni lun

gip , ch bo, to iu kin gip ti thc hin kha lun ny.

Cui cng, ti xin cm n gia nh, ngi thn v bn b lun ng

h, ng vin, gip ti trong sut qu trnh hc tp v hon thnh kha

lun tt nghip.

Kha lun kh trnh khi nhng thiu st, ti rt mong nhn c s

gp chn thnh t thy c v cc bn!

H Ni, ngy.... thng.... nm 2014

Sinh vin

Nguyn c Nam

MC LC

Trang

DANH MC CC K HIU, CH VIT TT

DANH MC CC BNG

DANH MC CC HNH

T VN

CHNG I. TNG QUAN.......2

1.1. Phng thuc Thin vng b tm.......2

1.2. Tm tt c im v cc v thuc.......3

1.3. Cao lng...17

1.4. Dung dch thuc..19

CHNG II. PHNG TIN V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU...21

2.1. Nguyn vt liu, thit b.21

2.1.1. Nguyn liu...................21

2.1.2. Thit b..21

2.1.3. Ha cht v dung mi...............21

2.2. Ni dung nghin cu..22

2.3. Phng php nghin cu...22

CHNG III. THC NGHIM, KT QU V BN LUN....26

3.1. Xc nh tnh ng ca cc v thuc.26

3.2. Bo ch cao lng thin vng b tm...26

3.3. Nghin cu thnh phn ho hc....27

3.3.1. nh tnh....27

3.3.2. nh lng............41

3.3.3. Kho st mt s ch tiu khc ca cao lng thin vng b tm.........44

3.4. Thm d dng bo ch...46

3.4.1. Bo ch dung dch thuc thin vng b tm...46

3.4.2. Kho st mt s tnh cht ca dung dch thuc thin vng b tm47

3.4.3. Bc u xy dng tiu chun cho ch phm..48

3.5. Bn lun..50

KT LUN V XUT..............................53

TI LIU THAM KHO

PH LC

DANH MC CC K HIU, CH VIT TT

SKLM sc k lp mng

dd. dung dch

P phn ng

TT thuc th

tt/tt th tch/th tch

DANH MC BNG

Trang

Bng 3.1: Kt qu nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c trong cao lng....33

Bng 3.2: Kt qu nh lng cn tan trong chloroform....42

Bng 3.3: Kt qu nh lng cn tan trong ethyl acetat....42

Bng 3.4: Kt qu nh lng cn tan trong buthanol....43

Bng 3.5: Kt qu nh lng ng kh trong cao thuc............44

Bng 3.6: Kt qu xc nh pH ca cao thuc....45

Bng 3.7: Kt qu xc nh hm lng cn khng tan trong nc............45

Bng 3.8: Kt qu xc nh hm lng nc c trong cao thuc......46

Bng 3.9: Kt qu xc nh pH ca dung dch thuc.............47

Bng 3.10: Kt qu xc nh t trng ca dung dch thuc...48

Bng 3.11: Kt qu xc nh hm lng nc c trong dung dch thuc..48

DANH MC HNH

Trang

Hnh 3.1: Sc k dch chit nhn sm v dch chit cao thuc.........36

Hnh 3.2: Sc k dch chit sinh a v dch chit cao thuc........37

Hnh 3.3: Sc k dch chit ng v t v dch chit cao thuc..........38

Hnh 3.4: Sc k dch chit hc to nhn v dch chit cao thuc........39

Hnh 3.5: Sc k dch chit ct cnh v dch chit cao thuc...41

1

T VN

Trong cuc sng hin i, con ngi thng xuyn phi i mt vi

nhng yu t bt li cho sc kho tinh thn dn n tnh trng cng thng

thn kinh (stress), lo u, mt ng, hi hpNu tnh trng ny ko di lin

tc trong thi gian di s gy nn nhng tc hi cho sc khe vi nhng triu

chng hoc bnh l nh au u, mt ng, ri lon thn kinh, suy nhc thn

kinh, suy nhc c th, suy gim sc khng ca c th

Nhm chm sc cho sc kho tinh thn, ngoi ch ngh ngi v tnh

dng hp l, con ngi cn phi c s tr gip ca thuc men. Cc thuc

tn dc c th c s dng trong trng hp ny thuc nhm an thn, gy

ng, thuc iu ha nhp tim. Tuy nhin, vic s dng tn dc cn phi c

s ch nh ca bc s, v c nhiu tc dng ph, c bit khi phi s dng lu

di. Trong y hc c truyn c nhiu bi thuc c s dng dng tm an

thn cho hiu qu tt, t tc dng ph

Thin Vng b tm an l bi thuc qu c nhiu thy thuc

ng y la chn iu tr m huyt bt tc, hi hp, hay qun, tm phin

mt ng, ng hay m, to bn. Bi thuc c tc dng tt vi ngi tui trung

nin, ngi cao tui.

Y hc c truyn s dng bi thuc di dng thuc hon (tt c tn bt

mn luyn mt lm hon, ly chu sa lm o), tuy nhin dng thuc ny kh

m bo v mt cht lng, quy trnh lm th cng v trong cng thc c chu

sa nn c.V vy, trn c s ca phng thuc ny, chng ti lc b chu sa

v tin hnh nghin cu, thm d dng bo ch mi v bc u xy dng

tiu chun cho dng bo ch mi vi mc tiu:

- Bo ch cao t bi thuc thin vng b tm v kho st thnh phn

ho hc.

- Nghin cu dng bo ch t cao thuc thu c v bc u xy

dng tiu chun cho ch phm.

2

CHNG I. TNG QUAN

1.1. PHNG THUC THIN VNG B TM

1.1.1. Cng thc

1. an sm: 15g

2. Nhn sm: 15g

3. Huyn sm: 15g

4. ng quy thn: 30g

5. Vin ch: 15g

6. Toan to nhn: 30g

7. Thin mn: 30g

8. Mch mn: 30g

9. Sinh a: 120g

10. Ct cnh: 15g

11. Bch phc linh: 15g

12. Ng v t: 30g

13. B t nhn: 30g

Tng: 390g

- Cng nng: T m thanh nhit, dng tm an thn.

- Ch tr: m h ni nhit, tm thn bt yn, h phin mt ng, nhp tim

nhanh, hay m mng, hay qun, i tin to, l mm ming, li , ru t

- Bo ch: lm bt, luyn mt lm hon, bao o bng chu sa.

- Liu dng: 9g/ 1 ln, 3 ln/ngy, khi dng vi nc sc ngc trc tng

tnh hn, b m.

1.1.2. Phn tch

Thin vng b tm c thit k iu tr chng bnh tm thn bt tc,

m h huyt thiu, tm tht s dng. Tm ch huyt mch m tng thn,

thn ch ct sinh tu li tng tinh. Tinh huyt sung tc, thu ho h t (nng

ta vo nhau, kim ch ln nhau) th thn ch mi an ninh. Nhiu u t, suy

ngh qu , tm thn bt tc, m h huyt thiu s dn n h ho d ng,

nhiu lon tm thn dn n tm qu tht min, mng di kin vong. m h

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dng cang, h ho thng vim, dn n ming li l lot, li t ru.

Php tr cn dng t m thanh nhit, dng huyt an thn. Trong phng

thuc dng sinh a hong t m thanh nhit, gip tm thn khng b phin

nhiu bi h ho l Qun dc. Huyn sm, thin mn ng, mch mn ng

h tr sinh a tng cng tc dng t m thanh nhit lm Thn dc;

ng quy, an sm b huyt dng tm, khin cho tm huyt y m tr

an thn. Nhn sm, phc linh dng tm kh m an tm thn; b t nhn, vin

ch ninh tm an thn; ng v t, toan to nhn v chua m lim tm kh hao

tn, ng thi an thn cng vi cc v thuc trn lm T dc; ct cnh dn

thuc thng hnh, dn thuc nhp kinh tm lm S dc. Cc v thuc trn

cng phi hp thnh phng thuc t m an thn.

1.2. TM TT C IM V CC V THUC

1.2.1. ng quy

V thuc l r phi hay sy kh ca cy ng quy Angelica sinensis

(Oliv) Diels. H Hoa tn Apiaceae [3], [4].

a) Thnh phn ha hc [13].

+ Tinh du: Cc terpen, hp cht phenolic; Cc dn cht phtalic:

ligustilid, n-buthylphtalid, n-butyliden phtalid.

+ Coumarin: Umbeliferon, bergaten

+ Acid hu c: acid vanilic, acid linoleic, acid nicotinic, acid succinic,

acid palmitic, acid ferulic

+ Polysaccharide, acid amin

+ Vitamin: vitamin B1,vitamin E, vitamin B12.

+ Sterol: -sitosterol, sigmasterol,

+ Nguyn t vi lng: Mg, Ca, Al, Cr, Zn,

+ Thnh phn khc: Brefeldin.

4

b) Tc dng dc l

+ C hai thnh phn: Mt thnh phn c ch t cung (ch yu l tinh

du) v mt thnh phn kch thch t cung (khng phi tinh du v tan trong

nc hoc cn) [3], [9], [13].

+ Tng sc khng ca c th, tng cht lng ca hng cu, hn ch

s gim t l huyt sc t; c ch qu trnh ng mu, c bit ng mu ni

sinh, lm gim tc dng ca thrombin [13].

+ c ch tng sinh t bo ung th ngi thng qua vic gy ngng

chu k ca t bo v ging ho t bo; chng u trn no c tnh invitro v

invivo [42].

+ Chng oxy ho invitro; chng lon nhp tim; h huyt p vi ch

gy m; c ch trc khun dch hch, thng hn, ph thng hn, phy

khun t, ph cu khun [3], [8], [9], [13].

Theo Y hc c truyn

- Tnh v: v ngt, hi ng, tnh m. Quy kinh: tm, can, t.

- Cng nng ch tr:

+ B huyt, b ng tng: dng trong cc trng hp thiu mu dn n

hoa mt, chng mt, da d xanh xao, ngi gy yu.

+ Hot huyt, gii ut kt: dng cho trng hp thiu mu, km theo c

tch ca ph n c b kinh, v sinh.

+ Hot trng thng tin: dng thch hp vi chng huyt h huyt to

gy to bn.

+ Gii c: dng trong cc trng hp mn nht.

- Liu dng: 6-20g

- King k: nhng ngi c t v thp nhit, i tin lng [3].

5

1.2.2. Ct cnh

V thuc l r phi hay sy kh ca cy Ct cnh Platycodon

grandiflorum (Jacd) A.DC. H Hoa chung Campanulaceae [3], [6], [13].

a) Thnh phn ha hc

+ Hot cht chnh l saponin triterpenoid nhm olean (platycodin

A,C,D, D2; cc polygalacin D, D2). Cc sapogenin l platycodigenin,

acid polygalacic [6], [13].

+ Ngoi ra cn c phytosterol, tanin [13], inulin [6].

b) Tc dng dc l

+ Trn lm sng, saponin ca Ct cnh c tc dng tiu m r rt. Khi

ung, saponin gy kch thch nim mc hng v d dy, a n phn ng

tng tit dch ng h hp lm cho m long v d b tng ra ngoi.

+ Saponin ca Ct cnh c tc dng ph huyt mnh. Ngoi ra, c tc

dng gim au, lm trn tnh, h nhit, gim ho, chng lot, chng vim [6],

[13].

+ Tc dng khng khun: c ch Staphylococcus aureus, B. mycoides,

D. pneumoniae [3].

Theo Y hc c truyn

- Tnh v: V hi ngt, sau ng, hi cay, tnh bnh [13], tnh m [3].

Quy kinh: Ph [3].

- Cng nng ch tr: Thng kh ph, tiu m, lm cho m c v ra

ngoi. Cha ho c m hi tanh, vim au hng, khn ting, hen suyn, tc

ngc, kh th [3], [13]; kh ph b tc, hu hng sng au nh vim hng,

vim amidan, ngc sn au nh dao m, p xe phi [3].

- Liu dng: 4 12g [3].

- King k: ngi m h ha vng, ho lu ngy, ho ra mu khng nn

dng [3]. Thn trng vi ph n c thai [13].

6

1.2.3. Huyn sm

V thuc l r phi hay sy kh ca cy Huyn sm Scrophularia

buergeriana Miq. H Hoa mm si Scrophulariaceae [3], [13].

a) Thnh phn ha hc [13]

+ Cc Saponin: Scrophularin, harpagid, harpagosid, ningpogenin, O

Me catalpol, angorosid C.

+ Ngoi ra c alcaloid, ng, steroid, acid amin, acid bo, tinh du

(vt), carotene, 17 nguyn t vi lng.

b) Tc dng dc l

+ Tc dng khng khun, an thn.

+ Huyn sm c tc dng iu tr tt i vi vim hng mn tnh [13].

+ Tng huyt p v cng tim nh th. Nu dng liu cao th c tc

dng ngc li tc l h huyt p.

+ Tc dng h ng huyt [3].

Theo Y hc c truyn

- Tnh v: V ng, ngt, hi mn, tnh hn. Qui kinh: Ph, v, thn [3],

[13].

- Cng nng ch tr: T m, ging ha, sinh tn dch, chng kh kht,

lng huyt, gii c, nhun to, hot trng [3], [13]; chng vim, tn kt,

nhuyn kin, b thn [3]. Lm thuc gim st, chng vim trong cc chng

st nng, kht nc, pht ban, ming li l lot, vim hng, vim amidan,

vim thanh qun, vim ming, vim li, vim kt mc, ho khan, to bn, mn

nga, mn nht [3], [13].

- Liu dng: 4 12g, dng thuc sc hoc cm ngm [13].

- King k: Ngi c thp t v, t v h hn, i tin lng [3], huyt

p thp [13] khng nn dng. Khng nn s dng cc dng c bng ng

bo ch, k l l [3]. King thc n ng, lnh [13].

7

1.2.4. Mch mn

V thuc l r c phi hay sy kh ca cy Mch mn Ophiopogon

japonicas (L.f.) Ker. Gawl. H Hong tinh Convallariaceae [6], [14].

a) Thnh phn ha hc

+ Saponin steroid: Ophiopogonin A, B, C, D.

+ Carbohydrat: glucofructan v mt s monosaccharide (glucose,

fructose, saccharose) [6], [14].

+ Cht nhy [4].

+ Ngoi ra c -sitosterol, stigmasterol, -sitosterol -D-glucosid[6],

[14].

b) Tc dng dc l

Tc dng chng vim r rt i vi c 2 giai on cp tnh v mn tnh

ca phn ng vim thc nghim. Tc dng c ch tng i kh trn ph cu,

yu hn trn cc chng: t cu vng, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus subtilis

[3], [14].

Theo Y hc c truyn

- Tnh v: V ngt, hi ng, tnh mt.

- Cng nng ch tr: Nhun ph, gim ho, cm mu, thanh nhit.Cha

ho khan, vim hng, lao phi nng m v chiu, st cao, tm phin kht

nc, th huyt, khi huyt, chy mu cam, hen ph qun, kh ng.

- Liu dng: 6-20g, dng thuc sc [14].

1.2.5. Thin mn

V thuc l c ca cy Thin mn ng Asparagus cochinchinensis

(Lour.) Merr. H Thin mn ng Asparagaceae [3], [6], [14].

a) Thnh phn ha hc

+ Hot cht chnh l saponin steroid [6], [14].

8

+ Ngoi ra c cc amino acid t do: aspargin, citrulin, serin, threonin,

prolin, glycin, alanin, valin, methionin, leucin, phenylalanine, thyroxin,

acid aspartic, acid glutamic, arginin, histidin, lysine [6].

+ Carbohydrat: 7 cht oligosaccharide c phn lp v xc nh:

neokestose v 6 oligosaccharid khc c cu to bi cc n v

fructofuranose [6].

b) Tc dng dc l

+ Tc dng khng khun: c ch s pht trin ca cc chng vi khun

Bacillus anthracis, Streptococus hemolyticus A v B, B. diphtheria,

Diplococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus citreus, B.

subtilis [4].

+ Ngoi ra, c tc dng li tiu, li m, gim ho, h nhit, b [14].

Theo Y hc c truyn

- Tnh v: V ngt, ng, tnh hn. Quy kinh: Ph, thn [3], [14].

- Cng nng ch tr: T m, nhun to, thanh ph, ha m, sinh tn

[3], [14]. Cha ph ung, h lao, ho, ho g, th huyt, nhit bnh, tiu kht, tn

dch hao tn, to bn, lm thuc b, cha st [14], cha ho lu ngy, ho khan,

ho c m, vim phi, ho g [3].

- Liu dng: 4-12g [3].

- King k: Ngi t v h hn, a chy khng nn dng [3], [14].

1.2.6. Sinh a

V thuc l r c dng ti hoc phi, sy kh ca cy a hong

Rehmannia glutinosa Gaertin. H Hoa mm si Scrophulariaceae [3], [13].


+ Iridoid glycosid: Catalpol, rehmaniosid A, B, C, D, ajugol, aucubin,

melitosid, rehmaglutin A, B, C, D.

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+ Ionon glucosid: rehmaionosid A, B, C. Ngoi ra c monoterpen

glucosid l rehmapicrosid.

+ Cc thnh phn khc: acid amin (t nht 15 acid amin t do), ester

ca acid bo, -sitosterol, daucosterol, acid palmitic, acid sucinic

b) Tc dng dc l

+ Tc dng an thn, li tiu, chng oxy ha [13].

+ Tc dng cm mu, h ng huyt.

+ Tc dng cng tim.

+ Tc dng khng khun: c ch nm ngoi da [3].

Theo Y hc c truyn

- Tnh v: V ngt, ng, tnh lnh. Quy kinh: Tm, can, thn, tiu

trng [3], [13].

- Cng nng ch tr: B m, thanh nhit, sinh huyt dch, lm mt mu,

cm mu. Cha m h, pht nng v chiu, kht nc nhiu, i tho ng,

thiu mu, suy nhc c th, tng chy mu, th huyt, chy mu cam, vim

hng au, tn dch kh [3], [13].

- Liu dng: 12-40g [3].

- King k: Nhng ngi t h, bng y, i tin lng v dng h,

nhiu m thp nhit khng nn dng [3].

1.2.7. Vin ch

V thuc l r b li g phi hay sy kh ca cy vin ch Siberi

(vin ch l trng) Polygala sibirica L. hoc vin ch l nh Polygala

tenuifolia Willd. H Vin ch Polygalaceae [3], [4].

a) Thnh phn ha hc

+ Saponin triterpenoid nhm olean. Phn aglycon thng c 5 vng v

thng l dn cht ca 3-- hydroxy olean12-en tc l -amyrin [6],

[10], [11], [12], [14], [15], [25].

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+ T r ca loi Polygala tenuifolia: Phn lp c 7 saponin:

Onjisaponin A, B, C, D, E, F, G. Trong vin ch l nh cn c cht

kim hu c l tenuidin v 1 ng kh Polygalitol [6], [10], [11],

[12], [14], [15], [25], [26], [30]. T dch chit ether ngi ta tch thm

c cc cht xanthon: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7-Pentanmethoxyxanthon; 1, 2, 3, 7

v dn cht 3, 4, 5trimethoxycinnamic acid.

+ Ngoi ra cn mt s cht khc nh Tenuigenin A, B, onsicin,

tenuifolin, preseneginin, prosenegenin, resin [6], [11], [14], [15]; c

tinh du (ch yu l methyl salicylat v valerianat), c acid salicylic,

polygalid, cht nha [12], [25] .

b) Tc dng dc l

+ Tc dng gim au: vin ch vi liu 0,8g/kg c tc dng gim au r

rt trn chut nht trng khi tim acid acetic vo mng bng [15].

+ Tc dng trn thi gian ng: tc dng hip ng, ko di gic ng do

thuc ng barbituric chut nht trng [15].

+ Tc dng trn thn kinh trung ng: c ch c mc h thn kinh

trung ng nhng khng thy c tc dng i khng vi liu gy co git do

cafein gy nn chut nht trng [6], [15].

+ Tc dng gim ho, tr m [6], [7], [15]; co bp t cung c con vt

(th, mo, chut cng trng) c thai v khng c thai [10], [15]; c ch s

pht trin ca vi khun Staphylococus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococus

hemolycocus, Diplococcus pneumonia [15].

Theo Y hc c truyn

- Tnh v: V ng, cay, tnh m. Quy kinh: tm, thn.

- Cng nng ch tr:

+ An thn ch tr: tm thn bt an, mt ng hay qun, thng biu hin

chng mt, tinh thn bt thng.

11

+ Khai khiu, lm sng tai, mt tng cng tr lc, dng trong bnh tai

b , mt m.

+ Ho m, ch ho, to ut: ho m nhiu m, m c, kh th.

+ Gii c: dng khi c nht c

- Liu dng: 8-12g

- King k: khi kinh tm c thc ho khng nn dng, khng dng cho

ph n c thai [3].

1.2.8. Nhn sm

V thuc l r ch bin ca cy nhn sm Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.

H Nhn sm Araliaceae [3], [4].

a) Thnh phn ho hc [6], [9], [14], [44]

+ Thnh phn chnh l cc saponin triterpenoid tetracyclic nhm

dammaran gi chung l ginsenosid. Cc saponin triterpennoid nh

ginsenosid Rb1,2,3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1,2,3, Rh, Rs, Ro. Bng phng

php thu phn bng enzyme hoc ho ging c bit ct ng m

khng lm nh hng phn aglycon ngi ta thu c cc aglycon tht

l protopanaxadiol v protopanaxatriol. Ngoi ra trong nhn sm cn

c saponin vi aglycon l acid oleanolic: ginsenosid Ro.

+Cc thnh phn khc: tinh du, vitamin B1,B2, cc phytosterol,

glycan.

b) Tc dng dc l

Tc dng dc l ca nhn sm ch yu l do ginsenosid. c

khong hn 20 ginsenosid c ch ra l c tc dng sinh hc [16]:

+ Tc dng ln h thn kinh: c c tc dng kch thch v tc dng c

ch thn kinh, bng cch lm thay i dn truyn thn kinh. Nhng

ginsenosid ny c th lm tng qu trnh hc hi, ghi nh v tt cho s pht

12

trin ca t bo thn kinh: Rb1 [33], [38]; Rb3 [35], [36]; Rg3 [19], [40];

Rg1[21], [22]; Rg5 [18], [20]

+ Tng cng min dch: Rg1 c ch ra l lm tng c min dch

dch th v min dch qua trung gian t bo [21], [22]

+ Tc dng trn tim mch: iu ho nhp tim, iu ho huyt p [24].

+ Mt s ginsenosid c ch ra l c tc dng chng ung th vi

nhiu c ch khc nhau: Rb2 [27]; Rg3 [31], [39]; Rh2 [17], [32]

Theo Y hc c truyn

- Tnh v: v ngt, hi ng, tnh m. Quy kinh: t, ph, thng hnh 12

kinh.

- Cng nng ch tr:

+ i b nguyn kh, ch huyt, sinh tn dch, lm kho tinh thn, tr

no minh mn, dng trong cc trng hp kh h, km n bnh lu ngy,

thn th gy yu, mt ng hay qun. C th ho kht, hoc tr con b kinh

gin, cn dng nhn sm khi c th ngi bnh nguy cp, mch mun tuyt,

hoc sau khi mt mu nhiu.

+ B ph bnh suyn: ho do ph h nh ho lao, vim kh qun, ph

qun mn tnh.

+ Kin t sinh tn dch ch kht: dng khi c th phin kht, tn dch

kh kit, mt kh sp, mi nt n.

- Liu dng: 2-12g

- King k: khi b au bng, i ngoi lng hoc bnh c thc t, nhng

ngi c huyt p cao khng nn dng [3].

1.2.9. Ng v t

V thuc l qu chn phi hay sy kh ca cy ng v t Shisandra

chinensis (Turez.) Baill hoc Sh.sphenanthera Rehd et Wils. H Ng v

Schisandraceae [3], [4].

13


+ Tinh du mi chanh ch yu gm hp cht sesquiterpen, aldehyd v

ceton.

+ acid citric, acid malic, acid tactric, vitamin C, schizandrin

+ ng, tannin, cht mu, cht bo gm glycerid ca acid oleic v

linoleic

+ Ngoi ra cn c Fe, Mn, P, Ca

b) Tc dng dc l

+ Tc dng lm mnh h thng tim mch ca cc ng vt mu nng,

lm mnh huyt p v tng bin co ca tim, kch thch h hp, tng nhp v

lm su bin h hp, lm gin mch tai c lp ca th.

+ Kch thch h thng thn kinh, lm tng kh nng phn x c iu

kin trn chut bch bnh thng hay gy m [9].

+ Tc dng hng phn t cung [3].

Theo Y hc c truyn

- Tnh v: 5 v trong v chua l chnh, tnh m. Quy kinh: ph, thn,

tm, can, t.

- Cng nng ch tr:

+ C biu lim hn: dng trong trng hp th h ra nhiu m hi trm

+ Lim ph, ch ho: ho do ph h, hen suyn

+ ch thn c tinh: thn h gy hot tinh i dm, i c; hoc au

nhi hai bn sn.

+ Sinh tn ch kht: tn dch h hao, ming kh kht, nt n.

- Liu dng: 4-8g

- King k: nhng ngi ngoi c biu t, trong c thc nhit [3].

14

1.2.10. Toan to nhn

V thuc l nhn ht to ca cy to Ziziphus jujuba Lamk. H To ta

Rhamnaceae [3], [4].

a) Thnh phn ho hc [6], [9]

+ Saponin: jujubosid A v jujubosid B, khi thu phn trong thnh phn

ca ng xc nh c glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose. Phn

aglycon l jujugenin mt sapogenin thuc nhm dammaran.

+ Cc peptid alkaloid c tn l sanjonine (14 cht)

+ Ngoi ra cn c acid betulinic, betulin l cc triterpenoid thuc nhm

lupan, cht bo, vitamin C.

b) Tc dng dc l

+ Tc dng trn tnh ging thuc ng barbituric [6], [9].

+ Tc dng gim au h nhit, i khng vi nhng cn co git do

strychnin gy ra.

+ Liu 5g/kg dch chit bng cn, tim mng bng s nng cao t l

sng ca chut bi bng v ko di thi gian sng.

+ Tc dng c ch cao huyt p do thn chut cng [3].

Theo Y hc c truyn

- Tnh v: v chua, tnh bnh. Quy kinh: tm, can, m, t

- Cng nng ch tr:

+ Tnh tm an thn: tr m huyt khng , tm thn bt an thy tim

p hi hp, mt ng, chng mt; thn kinh suy nhc

+ B can thn, nhun huyt sinh tn dch

- Liu dng: 4-12g

- King k: nhng ngi ang b st, cm nng khng nn dng [3].

15

1.2.11. B t nhn

V thuc l ht trong nn ci gi c phi hay sy kh ca cy trc

b Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. H Hong n Cupressaceae [3], [4].

a) Thnh phn ho hc

Ht c cht bo v 0,64% saponosid [9].

b) Tc dng dc l

+ Co mch, gin mch tai th

+ Tng t l prothrombin trong mu sau khi ung thuc chng ng

mu trn ch, th.

+ Tng co bp t cung c lp ca th [9].

+ Tc dng c ch t cu trc khun thng hn, l, i trng, lin cu

trng tan mu [3].

Theo Y hc c truyn

- Tnh v: V ngt, tnh bnh. Quy kinh: tm, v.

- Cng nng ch tr:

+ Dng tm an thn: tm hi hp, ra nhiu m hi, chng mt ng,

chim bao hoc tm tr hay qun

+ Nhun trng thng i tin: to bn, tr, b kt, i tin ra mu

+ Gii kinh: kinh gin hoc cc chng khc m tr em.

- Liu dng: 4-12g [3].

1.2.12. an sm

V thuc l r phi hay sy kh ca cy an sm Salvia miltiorrhiza

Bunge. H Bc h Lamiaceae [3], [4].

a) Thnh phn ho hc [9], [13], [28], [46], [47]

+ phenol v acid phenolic: danshensu, acid rosmarinic, acid rosmarinic

methyl ester, cc acid salvianolic A,B,C,D, acid lithospermic,

protocatechic aldehyd, caffeic acid,

16

+ Cc hp cht diterpen: Miltiron, salviol, feruginol, tashinon I, TAS-

IIA, tashinon IIB, hydroxyl tashinon-IIA, cryptotanshinon,

dihydrotanshinon I, isotanshinon-IIA,.

+ Thnh phn khc: -sitosterol, tanin, vitamin E.

b) Tc dng dc l

+ Trn tim mch: gin cc ng mch v tng lu lng mu ngoi

vi [41].

+ Chng kt tp tiu cu: c ch tiu cu kt hp vi collagen gy lng

ng tnh mch v ng mch [45].

+ Tc dng chng vim: h st trn th v chng vim trn chut [48].

+ Tc dng trn hormon sinh dc: Tashinon c chng minh c

tng nh estrogen v androgen trn chut [49].

+ Tc dng chng ung th: lm gim s tng trng v c ch t bo

ung th v ngi, ung th t bo bch cu, t bo phi, t bo ung th c

t cung [23], [29], [34], [37], [43].

Theo Y hc c truyn

- Tnh v: v ng, tnh hn. Quy kinh: tm, can.

- Cng nng, ch tr:

+ Hot huyt, trc huyt : hnh kinh khng u, au bng kinh, b

kinh, sau khi huyt ng, gy au bng; cc trng hp chn thng m

c gn sng ty au n.

+ Dng tm an thn: hi hp, mt ng, suy nhc thn kinh.

+ B huyt: thiu mu

+ B can t: dng trong cc trng hp gan v l lch sng to

+ Gii c: sang l, mn nht

- Liu dng: 8-20g [3].

17

1.2.13. Bch phc linh

V thuc l hch nm phc linh Poria cocos (Schw) Wolf. H Nm l

Polyporaceae k sinh trn r cy thng [3], [4].

a) Thnh phn ho hc [9]

+ Cc acid c thnh phn hp cht triterpen: acid pachimic, acid

tumolosic, acid eburicoic, acid pinicolic, acid 3-hydroxylanosta-7,9

(II), 24 trien, 21-oic.

+ ng c bit ca phc linh: Pachyman

+ Ngoi ra cn c: ergosterol, cholin, histidin, men proteaza.

b) Tc dng dc l

+ Tc dng trn tnh, tc dng chng nn.

+ Tc dng h ng huyt, cng tim ch c lp [3].

+ Tc dng li tiu [9].

+ Tc dng khng khun: c ch t cu vng, trc khun i trng, trc

khun bin hnh [3].

Theo y hc c truyn:

- Tnh v: v ngt, nht, tnh bnh. Quy kinh: t, thn, v, tm, ph.

- Cng nng ch tr:

+ Li thu, thm thp: tiu tin b, i but, nhc, nc tiu , hoc

c, lng nc tiu t, ngi b ph thng.

+ Kin t: tng t b h nhc gy a lng

+ An thn: tm thn bt an, tim lon nhp, hi hp, mt ng, hay qun.

- Liu dng: 12-16g [3].

1.3. CAO LNG [1], [2], [7]

1.3.1. nh ngha

18

Cao thuc l ch phm c ch bng cch c hoc sy n th cht

quy nh cc dch chit thu c t dc liu thc vt hay ng vt vi cc

dung mi thch hp.

Cao thuc c chia lm 3 loi: cao lng, cao c, cao kh.

Cao lng: L cht lng hi snh, c mi v c trng ca dc liu s

dng trong cn v nc ng vai tr dung mi chnh (hay cht bo qun

hay c hai).

Quy c cao lng 1:1 l 1 ml cao lng tng ng vi 1 g dc liu

dng iu ch cao thuc.

1.3.2. K thut bo ch

a. Chun b dc liu

Chn la dc liu t tiu chun. Dc liu phi c x l ch bin

n nh theo yu cu ring ca tng v thuc.

b. Chit xut

Chit xut dc liu bng cc dung mi thch hp. Tu theo bn cht

ca dc liu, dung mi, tiu chun cht lng ca thnh phm cng nh

iu kin, quy m sn xut v trang thit b, c th s dng cc phng php

chit xut: ngm, hm, hm, sc, ngm nh git, chit xut ngc dng, chit

xut bng thit b siu m, chit xut bng phng php s dng in trng

v cc phng php khc.

c. C cao

Sau khi thu c dch chit, tin hnh lc v c dch chit bng cc

phng php khc nhau thu c cao lng c t l theo nh quy c (1

ml cao lng tng ng vi 1g dc liu).

ring phn dch chit u m c. Sau c cc phn dch chit

tip theo trn bp cch thu hoc c di p sut gim nhit khng qu

60C. Gp dich chit vi dch chit u m c v nu cn c tip t

19

c cao lng 1:1. Cao lng c khuynh hng b lng cn v vy cao lng

ch mt trong thi gian t nht 1 ngy, ri lc.

C th cho thm cht bo qun hoc cc cht tr lm cht mang hay

ci thin cc tnh cht vt l

1.3.3.Yu cu cht lng

- tan: Cao lng phi tan hon ton trong dung mi s dng

iu ch cao.

- trong, mi v, ng nht v mu sc: Cao thuc phi ng mu

sc m t, c mi v v c trng ca dc liu s dng. Ngoi ra, cao

lng cn phi ng nht, khng c vng thuc, khng c cn b dc liu v

vt l.

- Cc ch tiu khc: Gii hn nhim khun, d lng ho cht bo v

thc vt, kim loi nng, nh tnh, nh lng.

1.3.4. Bo qun

Cao thuc c ng trong bao b kn, ni kh, mt, trnh nh sng,

nhit t thay i.

1.4. DUNG DCH THUC [2], [7]

1.4.1. nh ngha

Dung dch thuc l nhng ch phm lng trong sut cha mt hoc

nhiu dc cht ho tan, tc phn tn di dng phn t, trong mt dung mi

thch hp (nc, ethanol, glycerin, du) hay hn hp nhiu dung mi trn

ln vi nhau. Do cc phn t trong dung dch phn tn ng nht, nn cc

dung dch thuc m bo s phn liu ng nht khi s dng v chnh xc

cao khi pha long hoc khi trn cc dung dch vi nhau.

Cc dc cht trong dung dch thng khng n nh v mt ha hc

so vi dng rn.

20

Cc dung dch thuc thng cn bao b ln v c khi lng ln hn

so vi dng thuc rn.

1.4.2. Phng php iu ch

Dung dch thuc thng c iu ch bng cch ha tan dc cht

vo trong dung mi. C th cho thm cc t dc vi nng thch hp n

nh dc cht (chng oxy ha, chng thy phn), lm tng tan hay

bo qun thuc.

1.4.3. Bo qun

Cc dung dch, c bit l cc dung dch cha dung mi d bay hi,

phi bo qun trong bao b kn, ni mt. Cn xem xt s dng cc bao

b trnh nh sng khi s bin i ha hc do nh sng c th nh hng n

n nh ca thuc.

21

CHNG II. PHNG TIN V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

2.1. NGUYN VT LIU, THIT B

2.1.1. Nguyn liu

Cc v thuc c mua ti ph Ln ng- H Ni, ch bin theo phng

php c truyn, sy 80oC t tiu chun DVN IV.

2.1.2. Thit b

- T sy dc liu SHELLAB.

- T sy BINDER.

- My sy Blustone.

- Bp cc thu Baths.

- Ni sc thuc Hn Quc.

- My ct quay thu hi dung mi BUCHI Rotavapor R 200.

- Cn k thut Satorious.

- Cn phn tch Precisa.

- My siu m.

- My ly tm.

- Knh hin vi Labomed.

- H thng my chm sc k: thit b bm mu t ng (CAMAG-

LIMONAT5), my nn kh, phn mm winCATS.

- My nh sony 14.0.

- Dng c: cc c m, bnh nn, a thy tinh, chy, ci, thuyn tn,

lam knh, ng nghim, bnh gn, thuc b mn Dc hc c truyn trng

i hc Dc H Ni.

2.1.3. Ha cht v dung mi

Ha cht v dung mi s dng trong nghin cu t tiu chun tinh

khit phn tch theo Dc in Vit Nam IV.

Ha cht: FeCl3, NaOH, Na2CO3, HCl, H2SO4, Na2SO4,

22

Dung mi hu c: Chloroform, Methanol, Ethanol, Ethyl acetat,

Toluen, Buthanol

Thuc th: cc thuc th dng trong phn ng nh tnh v sc k.

Bn mng trng sn silicagel GF 254 ca Merck.

2.2. NI DUNG NGHIN CU

1. Bo ch cao thuc thin vng b tm

2. Nghin cu thnh phn ho hc ca cao thuc thin vng b tm

3. Thm d dng bo ch mi

4. Kho st mt s tnh cht ca dng bo ch mi

5. xut tiu chun cht lng cho dng bo ch mi

2.3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

2.3.1. Xc nh tnh ng ca cc v thuc

- Quan st m t hnh thi v thuc.

- Quan st m t c im bt dc liu cc v thuc qua knh hin vi,

i chiu vi DVN IV.

2.3.2. Bo ch cao lng thin vng b tm theo phng php sc

Cc dc liu c ra sch, sy kh, chia nh n kch thc thch

hp. Chit xut bng phng php sc vi nc, dch chit thu c em c

n th cht quy nh.

2.3.3. Nghin cu thnh phn ho hc

2.3.3.1 nh tnh

- nh tnh cc nhm cht ho hc chnh trong cao lng bng cc phn

ng ho hc thng quy.

- nh tnh s c mt ca cc v thuc trong cao thuc bng SKLM:

nhn sm, sinh a, ng v t, hc to nhn, ct cnh.

2.3.3.2 nh lng

a. nh lng cn tan trong chloroform: Phng php cn.

23

b. nh lng cn tan trong ethyl acetat: Phng php cn.

c. nh lng cn tan trong buthanol: Phng php cn.

Cc cht tan trong chloroform, ethyl acetat, buthanol c nh lng

theo phng php cn c tnh theo cng thc:

X=().

Trong :

X: Hm lng hot cht trong cao lng (%).

b: S g sau khi sy n khi lng khng i (c b).

a: Khi lng b ban u (g)

m: Khi lng cao lng em nh lng.

Tin hnh song song 3 mu cao trong cng iu kin. Kt qu c

nh gi bng phng php thng k tnh hm lng trung bnh ().

d. nh lng ng kh

nh lng ng kh theo phng php Lane-Eynon.

Hm lng ng kh tnh theo cng thc:

X= ().,..

Trong :

X: Hm lng ng kh trong mu cao c (tnh theo khi lng

cao lng) (%)

V1: S ml ng glucose 0,25% trn buret nh lng ht bnh 1.

V2: S ml ng glucose 0,25% trn buret nh lng ht bnh 2.

m: Khi lng cao ban u (g).

F: pha long (ln).

Tin hnh 3 ln vi 3 mu cao. Kt qu c nh gi bng phng

php thng k tnh hm lng trung bnh ().

24

2.3.3.3 Kho st mt s ch tiu khc ca cao lng bi thuc

- pH: o pH ca cao lng thin vng b tm.

- Cn khng tan trong nc

Hm lng (%) cn khng tan trong nc c tnh theo cng thc:

X=().

Trong :

X: Hm lng cn khng tan trong nc (%).


b: S g sau khi sy n khi lng khng i (c b)

a: Khi lng b ban u (g)

- Mt khi lng do lm kh

Dng m (g) cao lng sy 700C n khi lng khng i.

Cng thc tnh:

p= ()

.100

Trong :

p: m ca cao lng (%)


a: Khi lng b ban u (g).


2.3.4. Thm d dng bo ch t cao thuc thin vng b tm

2.3.4.1 Dng bo ch mi t cao thuc

Bo ch dung dch thuc bng phng php ho tan thng thng.

2.3.4.2 Kho st mt s ch tiu cht lng ca dung dch thuc thin

vng b tm

- Tnh cht: Th cht, mu sc, mi v.

Cch th: bng cm quan.

25

- pH: o pH dung dch thuc.

- T trng: Phng php dng t trng k.


Dng m (g) ch phm sy 700C n khi lng khng i.

Cng thc tnh:

p= ()

.100

Trong :

p: m ca ch phm (%)


a: Khi lng b ban u (g).


2.3.5. Phng php x l s liu

S liu trong thc nghim c x l theo phng php thng k ng

dng trong Y Dc. Xc nh gi tr trung bnh (), lch chun (s),

khong tin cy (). So snh gi tr trung bnh theo gi thit trung bnh cng (T

test) chp nhn mc ngha ca (c quy c l P) 0,05.

26

CHNG III. THC NGHIM, KT QU V BN LUN

3.1. XC NH TNH NG CA CC V THUC

Tin hnh xc nh tnh ng ca cc v dc liu an sm, nhn sm,

huyn sm, ng quy, vin ch, toan to nhn, thin mn, mch mn, sinh

a, ct cnh, bch phc linh, ng v t, b t nhn bng cch m t c im

hnh thi v vi hc cc v thuc trn theo tiu chun DVN IV. Cc c im

quan st c ph hp vi tiu chun c cng b ca cc v thuc (Ph

lc).

Kt lun: Cc v dc liu t tiu chun DVN IV v mt hnh thi

v c im vi hc.

3.2. BO CH CAO LNG THIN VNG B TM

- Chun b dc liu

Dc liu t tiu chun DVN IV c ra sch, sy kh 600C.

Chit xut 3 m, mi m l 1 thang thuc. Cn khi lng cc v thuc

nh sau:

1. an sm: 15g

2. Nhn sm: 15g

3. Huyn sm: 15g

4. ng quy thn: 30g

5. Vin ch: 15g

6. Toan to nhn: 30g

7. Thin mn ng b li: 30g

8. Mch mn ng b li: 30g

9. Sinh a: 120g

10. Ct cnh: 15g

11. Bch phc linh: 15g

12. Ng v t: 30g

13. B t nhn: 30g

Tng: 390g

27

- Chit xut

+ Cc dc liu cn theo ng khi lng, trn u, cho vo m sc,

thm khong 1,5 lt nc ct. thm m trong 30 pht. Bt m un, sc nng

trong 90 pht, sc thuc 3 ln. Trong qu trnh sc thm nc si duy tr

lng nc khng i.

+ Rt dch chit. Lc nng qua vi gc loi b tp c hc. ngui.

lc ln 2 qua bng . Dch chit 1 ring, dch chit 2, 3 gp chung

- Loi tp

lng t nhin qua m, lc qua bng.

- C cao

C nhit 600C.

C bng dng c c ming rng, c cch thy bng bp cch thy,

ni thong cho bay hi nhanh. C dch chit 2,3 trc, dch chit 1 sau. Dch

chit 2,3 c n khong 390ml ri phi hp vi dch chit 1 c tip thnh cao

lng 1:1. Trong qu trnh c ch khuy o lin tc trnh lng xung y

gy chy kht v tng kh nng bay hi.

- Nhn xt:

Chit xut 3 thang thuc thin vng b tm thu c 3 mu cao lng,

mi mu 390ml.

Mt s ch tiu cm quan ca cao lng thin vng b tm:

+ Th cht: cht lng, hi snh, ng nht.

+ Mu sc: en

+ Mi v: v ngt, hi chua, hi ng, thm mi dc liu.

3.3. NGHIN CU THNH PHN HO HC

3.3.1. nh tnh

nh tnh cc nhm cht ho hc chnh trong cao lng bng cc phn

ng ho hc thng quy

28

- nh tnh saponin

+ Quan st hin tng to bt:

Cho vo ng nghim ln 5ml cao lng, thm 20ml nc ct. Lc mnh

trong 5 pht theo chiu dc ng nghim. yn v quan st hin tng to

bt.

Kt qu: Bt bn vng sau 15 pht. Phn ng dng tnh.

- Chit xut: Cho dung dch trn vo bnh gn, lc nh vi ether du

ha 3 ln, mi ln 10ml loi tp, ly lp nc, un nng nh loi ht

ether du ha. Chit vi n-buthanol 3 ln, mi ln 10ml. Gp cc dch chit n-

buthanol li, bc hi dung mi n cn, ha tan cn trong 10 ml cn 96o thu

c dch chit lm phn ng nh tnh:

+ Phn ng Liebermann- Burchard

Ly 1ml dch chit cho vo ng nghim nh, c cch thy ti cn, ha

tan cn trong 1ml anhydrid acetic, thm 1 git acid sulfuric c. Phn ng

dng tnh khi dn cht steroid cho mu xanh l, dn cht triterpenoid cho

mu

Kt qu: dch chit c mu sm. Phn ng dng tnh.

+ Phn ng Salkowski:

Cho vo ng nghim nh 1 ml dch chit, c cch thy n cn, ha tan

cn trong 1ml chloroform, thm 1 git acid sulfuric c. Phn ng dng tnh

nu c mu vng chuyn sang thm hay xanh tm

Kt qu: dung dch c mu thm. Phn ng dng tnh

Nhn xt: Cao lng c saponin.

- nh tnh iridoid

- Chit xut: Pha long 5 ml cao lng vi nc ct va 25 ml, lc.

Lc dch lc vi ether du ha 3 ln mi ln 10 ml, ly lp nc un nng

29

ui ht ether du ha. Lc 3 ln vi n-butanol, mi ln 15 ml. Bc hi n

cn. Ha tan cn trong 5ml methanol lm phn ng nh tnh

+ Phn ng Trim- Hill:

Pha thuc th Trim- Hill: Cho vo bnh nn 250ml 10ml CH3COOH,

1ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2 %, 0,5ml HCl c. Lc u, y kn. Pha trc khi

dng.

Tin hnh phn ng nh tnh: Cho vo 2 ng nghim, mi ng 2ml

dch chit trn. Thm 2 git thuc th Trim- Hill vo ng 1, thm 2 git nc

ct vo ng 2. un nh c 2 ng. Phn ng dng tnh nu ng 1 m mu

hn ng 2

Kt qu: ng 1 c mu m hn ng 2. Phn ng dng tnh.

Nhn xt: Cao lng c iridoid.

- nh tnh alkaloid

Pha long 5ml cao lng vi 20ml nc ct, cho vo bnh gn dung tch

100ml, kim ha bng dung dch amoniac 6N n pH= 8-9 (th bng giy

qu). Chit alcaloid base bng chloroform (chit 3 ln, mi ln 10 ml). Gp

cc dch chit chloroform. C cch thy n cn, ha tan cn trong 10ml acid

sulfuric 1N. Cho vo 3 ng nghim nh, mi ng 1ml dich chit.

ng 1: Nh 2 3 git thuc th Mayer

ng 2: Nh 2 3 git thuc th Dragendroff

ng 3: Nh 2 3 git thuc th Bouchardat

Kt qu:

ng 1: khng c ta trng, phn ng m tnh.

ng 2: khng c ta da cam, phn ng m tnh.

ng 3: khng c ta nu, phn ng m tnh.

Nhn xt: Cao lng khng c alcaloid.

30

- nh tnh coumarin

Pha long 5ml cao lng vi 20ml nc ct, lc vi ether du ha 3 ln,

mi ln 10ml loi tp. C cch thy n cn. Ha tan cn trong ethanol 96o

thu c dch chit lm phn ng nh tnh:

+ Phn ng m ng vng lacton:

Cho vo 2 ng nghim mi ng 1ml dch chit:

ng 1: Thm 0,5ml dd NaOH 10%.

ng 2: nguyn.

un c 2 ng nghim n si, ngui. Quan st:

ng 1: C ta c.

ng 2: Trong.

Thm vo c 2 ng nghim mi ng 2ml nc ct. Lc u, ri quan st:

ng 1: trong.

ng 2: c ta c.

Acid ha ng 1 bng vi git HCl c, ng 1 s tr li ta c nh ng 2.

Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.

+ Phn ng Diazo ha:

Cho vo ng nghim nh 1ml dch chit. Thm vo 2ml dd NaOH

10% un cch thy si 3 5 pht ri ngui. Nh vi git thuc th Diazo

mi pha. Phn ng dng tnh nu c mu gch

Kt qu: C mu . Phn ng dng tnh.

+ Quan st hunh quanh ca cc vt coumarin di nh sng t ngoi

khi tc dng vi dung dch kim (phn ng chuyn dng ng phn t cis

sang ng phn trans di tc dng ca tia t ngoi).

Nh vi git dch chit ln giy lc. Nh tip vi git dd. NaOH 5%.

Sy nh. Che mt phn din tch dch chit trn giy lc bng mt ming kim

loi (ng xu, cha kha) ri chiu tia t ngoi trong mt vi pht. B

31

ming kim loi ra soi tip di n t ngoi thy phn khng b che c hunh

quang sng hn phn b che. Tip tc chiu tia t ngoi, phn b che sng dn

ln, sau vi pht c hai phn pht quang nh nhau.

Kt qu: Phn khng b che c hunh quang sng hn phn b che.

Tip tc chiu tia t ngoi, phn b che sng dn ln n khi c 2 phn sng

nh nhau. Phn ng dng tnh.

Nhn xt: Cao lng c coumarin.

- nh tnh tanin

Cho vo ng nghim ln 5ml cao lng, thm 20ml nc ct, khuy

u. Tin hnh lm cc phn ng sau:

ng 1: 2ml dch lc + vi git dd. FeCl3 5% s xut hin mu hoc ta

mu xanh en hoc xanh nu nht.

ng 2: 2ml dch lc + vi git dd. ch acetat 10% s xut hin ta bng

ng 3: 2ml dch lc + vi git dd. gelatin 1% s xut hin ta bng

trng

Kt qu:

ng 1: Dung dch c mu xanh en. Phn ng dng tnh.

ng 2: Xut hin ta bng. Phn ng dng tnh.

ng 3: Khng c hin tng g. Phn ng m tnh

Nhn xt: Cao lng khng c tanin.

- nh tnh cht bo

Ly 5ml cao lng pha long vi 20ml nc ct, cho vo bnh gn. Lc

vi ether du ha 3 ln, mi ln 10ml. Gp cc dich chit ether du ha li.

Nh mt git dch chit ether du ha ln t giy lc, kh t nhin.Phn

ng dng tnh nu xut hin vt m trn t giy lc.

Kt qu: Khng thy vt m trn t giy lc. Phn ng m tnh.

Nhn xt: Cao lng khng c cht bo.

32

- nh tnh acid hu c

Cho 1ml cao lng vo ng nghim, thm 4ml nc ct, khuy u.

Thm vo dch chit mt t bt Na2CO3. Quan st.

Kt qu: xut hin bt kh bay ln. Phn ng dng tnh.

Nhn xt: Cao lng c acid hu c.

- nh tnh acid amin.

Cho vo ng nghim 1ml cao lng, thm 4ml nc ct, khuy u.

Thm vi git TT Ninhydrin 5%, un cch thy 5 pht. Phn ng dng tnh

nu xut hin mu tm.

Kt qu: Quan st thy xut hin mu tm. Phn ng dng tnh.

Nhn xt: Cao lng c acid amin.

- nh tnh ng kh.

Cho 1ml cao lng vo ng nghim , thm 4ml nc ct, khuy u

thm 5 git TT Fehling A, 5 git TT Fehling B, un cch thy 10 pht.

Kt qu: Xut hin kt ta gch. Phn ng dng tnh.

Nhn xt: Cao lng c ng kh.

- nh tnh polysaccharid

Cho 1ml cao lng vo ng nghim, thm 4ml nc ct, khuy u.

Thm 5 git TT Lugol, lc u. Phn ng dng tnh nu xut hin mu xanh

en.

Kt qu: xut hin mu xanh en. Phn ng dng tnh.

Nhn xt: Cao lng c polysaccharid.

- Cht nhy

Cho 1ml cao lng vo ng nghim, thm 4ml nc ct, khuy u. Nh

tng git cn 950, xut hin ta bng. Lc ra ta vi cn, sau nhum vi

xanh methylene, cht nhy nhum mu xanh hay tm.

Kt qu: cht nhy nhum mu tm. Phn ng dng tnh

33

Nhn xt: cao lng c cht nhy

Bng 3.1: Kt qu nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c trong cao lng.

STT Nhm cht Phn ng nh tnh Kt qu Kt lun

1 Saponin Hin tng to bt P Liebermann- Burchard P Salkowski

+++ +++ +++

C

2 Iridoid TT Trim-Hill +++ C

3 Alcaloid TT Mayer TT Dragendroff TT Bouchardat

- - -

Khng

4 Coumarin P ng m vng lacton P diazo P hunh quang

++ ++ ++

C

5 Tanin P vi FeCl35% P vi ch acetat 10% P vi DD gelatin 1%

+++ +++

- Khng

6 Cht bo Vt m trn giy lc - Khng 7 Acid hu c P vi Na2CO3 ++ C 8 Acid amin P vi TT Ninhydrin 5% +++ C 9 ng kh P vi TT Fehling +++ C

10 Polysaccharid P vi TT Lugol +++ C 11 Cht nhy Nhum vi xanh methylen ++ C

Ghi ch: ++: phn ng dng tnh r.

+++: phn ng dng tnh rt r.

- Phn ng m tnh

Kt lun:

T kt qu nh tnh c th kt lun s b trong cao lng c cha

saponin, iridoid, coumarin, acid hu c, acid amin, ng kh, polysaccharid,

cht nhy. Cc nhm cht c trong cao lng u c mt trong cc v thuc ca

bi thuc:

- Saponin c trong nhn sm, ct cnh, vin ch, mch mn, b t nhn,

toan to nhn, mch mn, huyn sm, thin mn.

34

- Iridoid c trong sinh a

- Coumarin c trong ng quy

- acid hu c c trong ng v t, ng quy, an sm, bch phc linh

- acid amin c trong sinh a, thin mn, ng quy, huyn sm

- ng kh c trong huyn sm, mch mn, ng v t

- polysaccharid c trong ng quy, mch mn, thin mn

- cht nhy c trong mch mn

nh tnh s c mt ca mt s v thuc trong cao thuc bng sc k

lp mng

Cn c vo cc nhm cht chnh c trong v thuc, dng cc phng

php chit xut thch hp chit cc nhm cht c trong v thuc v cao

thuc. Dch chit thu c chm ln cng bn mng trin khai trn nhiu h

dung mi tm c h dung mi cho vt tch r v c vt tng ng. S

tng ng v v tr v mu sc gia cc vt trn sc k ca dch chit v

thuc (dung dch i chiu) v dch chit ca cao thuc (dung dch th) s

cho php nhn bit s c mt ca cc v thuc trong cao thuc.

- Cht hp ph: bn mng silicagen GF 254 ca Merk hot ho 110oC

trong 1 gi.

- Cch tin hnh: Chm ring bit 2 vt dch chit ca v thuc (dung

dch i chiu) v dch chit ca cao thuc (dung dch th) trn cng bn

mng. Sau khi khai trin, sy kh bn mng 80oC, phun thuc th hin mu

(nu cn), sy bn mng 110oC trong 5 pht hin mu. Soi bn mng

trc khi phun thuc th v sau khi phun thuc th di bc sng 254nm,

366nm v quan st di nh sng thng. Trn sc k , dung dch th phi

c cc vt hoc cc vt pht quang cng gi tr Rf v mu sc vi cc vt hoc

cc vt pht quang ca cc dung dch i chiu.

35

a. Nhn sm

- Chun b dch chm sc k:

+ Dung dch th: Ly 25 ml cao lng, c cch thy n cn, ho tan

cn trong 50ml methanol: nc (8:2 tt/tt), lc. Dch lc em c cch thu n

cn. Phn cn c ha tan trong 50 ml nc ct, lc. Lc dch lc vi n-

buthanol bo ha nc 3 ln, mi ln 25ml. Gp cc dch chit buthanol, c

cch thu n cn. Cn em ha tan trong 1ml methanol dng chm sc

k.

+ Dung dch i chiu: Ly 1g bt nhn sm cho vo bnh cu, thm

50ml methanol: nc (8:2 tt/tt), lp ng sinh hn, un hi lu trong 1h. Lc

dch chit, em c cch thu n cn. Phn cn c ho tan trong 50ml nc

ct(tng t dung dch th)

- Tin hnh trin khai trn mt s h dung mi:

H 1: Cloroform- ethyl acetat- methanol- nc (15: 40: 22: 10), ly lp

di.

H 2: Ethyl acetat- acid formic- nc (80:16:24)

H 3: Chloroform- methanol- nc(65:35:11) dng lp di

H 4: n-buthanol-ethanol (10:2) bo ha nc trc khi dng

H 5: Toluen- ethylacetat- acid formic (5:4:1)

H 6: Toluen- chloroform- aceton- acid formic (8:5:7:0.2)

Trong 6 h trn th h 5 cho kt qu tch tt nht.

Kt qu sc k lp mng c ghi di nh sng t ngoi bc sng

254nm. Th hin hnh 3.1

36

Hnh 3.1: Sc k dch chit nhn sm v dch chit cao thuc

Nhn xt: sc k dch chit nhn sm c 9 vt, sc k ca dch

chit cao thuc c 7 vt, trong c 5 vt c Rf tng ng vi sc k

dch chit nhn sm

Kt lun s b: trong cao thuc c nhn sm.

b. Sinh a


+ Dung dch th: Ly 5 ml cao lng vo bnh nn, c cch thu n

cn. Ho tan cn trong 50ml methanol, y np, un cch thy 5 pht, lc.

Dch chit c cch thy n cn. Khuy k cn vi n-butanol 2 ln, mi ln

20ml. Gp dch chit buthanol, c cch thu n cn. Ha tan cn trong 10ml

ethanol 96%, lc. C dch lc cn khong 1ml thu c dung dch chm sc

k.

+ Dung dch i chiu: Ly 1g sinh a ct nh cho vo bnh cu,

thm 50ml methanol, lp ng sinh hn, un hi lu 1h. Lc dch chit, em

c cch thu n cn. Khuy k cn vi n-buthanol (tng t nh dung

dch th)

- Tin hnh trin khai trn mt s h dung mi:

37

H 1: Cloroform- ethylacetat (9:1)

H 2: Cloroform- methanol- nc (14 : 6 : 1)

H 3: Ethanol- chloroform (1:1, 3:7)

H 4: Toluen- ethyl acetat- acid formic (7:3:1)

H 5: Ethanol- ethyl acetat (1:1)




Hnh 3.2: Sc k dch chit sinh a v dch chit cao thuc

Nhn xt: sc k dch chit sinh a c 3 vt, sc k ca dch


dch chit sinh a.

Kt lun s b: trong cao thuc c sinh a

c. Ng v t

- Chun b dch chm sc k

+ Dung dch th: Ly 15ml cao lng vo bnh gn, lc vi ether du

ho 3 ln, mi ln 10ml loi tp, dch chit nc em c cch thu trong

38

vi pht ui ht ether du ho. Lc dch chit vi chloroform 3 ln, mi

ln 10ml. Gp dich chit chloroform, c cch thu ti cn. Ho tan cn trong

1 ml chloroform c dung dch chm sc k.

+ Dung dch i chiu: Ly 1g bt ng v t vo bnh cu, thm 20ml

chloroform, lp ng sinh hn, un hi lu khong 30 pht, lc. C cch thu

dch lc ti cn. Ho tan cn trong 1ml chloroform c dung dich chm sc

k.

- Tin hnh khai trin trn h dung mi: Ly lp trn ca hn hp ether

du ha - ethyl acetat - acid formic (15 : 4,8 : 1)



Hnh 3.3: Sc k dch chit ng v t v dch chit cao thuc.

Nhn xt: sc k dch chit ng v t c 8 vt, sc k ca dch


dch chit ng v t.

Kt lun s b: trong cao thuc c ng v t

39

d. Hc to nhn


+ Dung dch th: Ly 25ml cao dc liu vo bnh cu, thm 40ml

ether, un hi lu khong 1 gi. Gn ly dch chit ether, lc. Bc hi dch

lc ti cn. Ho tan cn trong 30ml n-buthanol, un hi lu khong 1 gi,

lc. Bc hi dch lc n cn. Ho tan cn trong 1ml methanol.

+ Dung dch i chiu: Ly khong 2 g bt To nhn, tin hnh chit

nh i vi dung dch th.

- Tin hnh trin khai trn h dung mi:

H 1: n-butanol bo ho nc

H 2: Toluene- ethyl acetat- acid formic (5:4:1)

H 3: Chloroform- methanol- nc (65: 35:10)



254nm, 366nm. Th hin hnh 3.4

= 254nm = 366nm

Hnh 3.4: Sc k dch chit hc to nhn v dch chit cao thuc.

40

Nhn xt:

+ bc sng 254nm: sc k dch chit hc to nhn c 7 vt, sc

k ca dch chit cao thuc c 6 vt, trong c 5 vt c Rf tng ng

vi sc k dch chit hc to nhn.

+ bc sng 366nm: sc k dch chit hc to nhn c 8 vt, sc

k ca dch chit cao thuc c 6 vt, trong c 5 vt c Rf tng ng

vi sc k dch chit hc to nhn.

Kt lun s b: trong cao thuc c hc to nhn.

e. Ct cnh


+ Dung dch th: Ly 10ml cao lng, c cch thu n cn. Ho tan

cn trong 30ml methanol, lc, cho vo bnh cu. Thu phn dch chit bng

10 ml H2SO4 10%, un hi lu khong 1 gi. Sau khi thu phn, lc dch

chit vi chloroform 3 ln, mi ln 20ml. Gp dch chit chloroform, c cch

thu n cn. Ho tan cn trong 5ml chloroform c dung dch chm sc k.

+ Dung dch i chiu: Ly 2g bt ct cnh vo bnh cu, thm 30ml

methanol, un hi lu 30 pht, lc ly dch chit, thu phn dch chit bng

10 ml H2SO4 10%, un hi lu khong 1 gi(tng t nh dung dch th).

- Tin hnh khai trin trn mt s h dung mi:

H 1: Chloroform-ether ( 1:1)

H 2: Chloroform- methanol (19:1)

H 3: n-buthanol- ethanol (10:2)



366nm. Th hin hnh 3.5.

41

Hnh 3.5: Sc k dch chit ct cnh v dch chit cao thuc

Nhn xt:

Sc k dch chit ct cnh c 7 vt, sc k ca dch chit cao

thuc c 7 vt, trong c 6 vt c Rf tng ng vi sc k dch chit

ct cnh.

Kt lun s b: trong cao thuc c ct cnh.

3.3.2 nh lng

a. nh lng cn tan trong chloroform bng phng php cn

Ly chnh xc khong 10g cao lng, pha long vi nc ct va

50ml. Lc vo bnh gn, chit bng chloroform n khi lp chloroform ht

mu. Gp dich chit chloroform , lc vi 10ml dung dch NaOH 10%, gn ly

lp nc. Acid ha bng HCl 10% n phn ng acid (kim tra bng giy ch

th vn nng) . Lc vi chloroform n khi lp chloroform ht mu. Gp dch

chit chloroform li, c cch thy n cn. Cho vo t sy, sy n khi

lng khng i, cn.

42

Kt qu th hin bng 3.2

Bng 3.2: Kt qu nh lng cn tan trong chloroform

Mu Hm lng cn tan trong chloroform

m (g) b (g) (1)

a (g) (2)

Khi lng cn(g) (= (1)-(2))

X (%)

1 10,08 36,51 36,48 0,03 0,30

2 10,11 36,35 36,33 0,02 0,20

3 10,04 36,73 36,71 0,02 0,20

= 0,23%

Nhn xt:

Hm lng cn tan trong chloroform tnh theo phng php cn l

0,23%

b. nh lng cn tan trong ethyl acetat bng phng php cn


50ml. Lc vo bnh gn, lc vi ether du ha nhiu ln n khi lp ether du

ha khng cn mu. Dch chit em un nng cho bay hi ht ether du ha.

Lc vi ethyl acetat nhiu ln n khi lp ethyl acetat ht mu. Gp dch chit

ethyl acetat, c cch thy ti cn. Cho vo t sy, sy n khi lng khng

i, cn.


Bng 3.3: Kt qu nh lng cn tan trong ethyl acetat

Mu Hm lng cn tan trong ethyl acetat

m (g) b (g) (1)

a (g) (2)

Khi lng cn (g) (=(1)-(2))

X (%)

1 10,15 36,78 36,74 0,04 0,39

2 10,10 36,46 36,43 0,03 0,30

3 10,07 36,36 36,32 0,04 0,40

=0,36%

43

Nhn xt:

Hm lng cn tan trong ethyl acetat tnh theo phng php cn l

0,36%

c. nh lng cn tan trong buthanol bng phng php cn.


50ml. Lc vo bnh gn, lc vi ether du ha nhiu ln n khi lp ether du

ha khng cn mu. Dch chit em c cch thy n cn. Ha tan cn trong

hn hp methanol: nc (4:1). Dch chit em lc, c cch thy n cn, ha

tan cn trong nc to thnh dung dich khong 10%, em lc vi n-buthanol

n khi lp n-buthanol ht mu. Gp dch chit n-buthanol, c cch thy n

cn. Cho vo t sy, sy n khi lng khng i, cn.


Bng 3.4: Kt qu nh lng cn tan trong buthanol

Mu Hm lng cn tan trong buthanol

m (g) b (g) (1)

a (g) (2)

Khi lng cn (g) (= (1)-(2))

X (%)

1 5,09 37,03 36,75 0.28 5,50

2 5,01 36,75 36,47 0,28 5,59

3 5,16 36,65 36,38 0,27 5,23

=5,44%

Nhn xt:

Hm lng cn tan trong buthanol tnh theo phng php cn l 5,44%

d. nh lng ng kh

Cn chnh xc khong 1g cao vo cc c m dung tch 100ml, thm

30ml nc ct , lc qua giy lc, ra giy lc vi nc ct. Thm dung dch

ch acetat 1% loi tp. Sau loi ch acetat bng dung dch Na2SO4 10%.

Lc qua giy lc, ra giy lc vi nc ct. Dch thu c thm 1g than hot,

44

un cch thu 15 pht 60oC ty mu, lc loi b than hot. Dch thu

c cho vo bnh nh mc 100 ml, thm nc ct n vch.

Chun b dung dch ng glucose 0,25%: Cn, pha dung dch glucose

0,25% lm dung dch chun so snh.

Tin hnh nh lng: Dng 2 bnh nn 1 v 2 c dung tch 100ml

nh lng, cho dung dch glucose 0,25% ln buret. Ht chnh xc vo bnh

nn 1 v 2:

- 5ml dung dch Fehling A

- 5ml dung dch Fehling B

- 5ml dung dch ng glucose 0,25%

Thm vo bnh nn 2 chnh xc 10,00 ml dich chit. un bnh nn si

trong 2 pht, thm 1 git ch th xanh methylen 0,5%. nh lng n khi ht

mu xanh l c. Trong qu trnh nh lng lun gi cho dung dch si.

Ghi li s ml dung dch glucose 0,25% trn buret.

Kt qu th hin bng 3.5:

Bng 3.5: Kt qu nh lng ng kh trong cao thuc

Mu Hm lng ng kh (%)

V1 (ml) V2 (ml) m (g) F X (%)

1 16,8 15,3 1,08 40 13,89

2 16,9 15,4 1,13 40 13,27

3 16,8 15,4 1,09 40 12,84

= 13,33%

Nhn xt: Hm lng ng kh trong cao thuc l 13,33%

3.3.3. Kho st mt s ch tiu khc ca cao lng thin vng b tm

- pH

45

Hiu chun my o pH ln lt bng cc dung dch m chun c

pH=7, pH=10, pH=4. Nhng in cc vo dung dch cao thuc v o tr s

pH.


Bng 3.6: Kt qu xc nh pH ca cao thuc.

Mu 1 2 3

pH 4,81 4,84 4,76

=4,80

Nhn xt: pH ca cao thuc l 4,80

- Cn khng tan trong nc

Pha long khong 5g cao thuc va 50ml nc ct, lc, thu cn v

sy kh 100oC-150oC n khi lng khng i.


Bng 3.7: Kt qu xc nh hm lng cn khng tan trong nc

Mu Hm lng cn khng tan trong nc

m (g) b (g) a (g) X (%)

1 5,0799 0,8067 0,7928 0,27

2 5,0943 0,8224 0.8082 0,28

3 5,0073 0,8196 0,8061 0,27

= 0,27%

Nhn xt: Hm lng cn khng tan trong nc l 0,27%


Ly 3 cc c m sch, em sy trong t sy 100oC, sau 30 pht ly ra

cho vo bnh ht m, ri em cn xc nh khi lng b. Cn ngay vo

cc chnh xc 5g cao thuc, em sy 80oC trong 3 gi. Sau khi sy em lm

46

ngui ti nhit phng trong bnh ht m ri cn ngay. Tip tc cho vo t

sy sy thm 1 gi. Qu trnh lp li cho ti khi lm kh ti khi lng khng

i.


Bng 3.8: Kt qu xc nh hm lng nc c trong cao thuc

Mu Hm lng nc c trong cao thuc

m (g) b (g) a (g) X (%)

1 5,1209 38,2543 36,4713 65,18

2 5,0861 38,3576 36,5934 65,31

3 5,0973 38,2981 36,5162 65,04

=65,18%

Nhn xt: Hm lng nc c trong cao thuc l 65,18%

3.4. THM D DNG BO CH

3.4.1. Bo ch dung dch thuc thin vng b tm

Cng thc:

Cao lng 1:1 thin vng b tm 390ml

Natribenzoat 1g

Natri citrat dihydrat 1g

Acid citric monohydrate 0,4g

Nc ct va 400 ml

K thut bo ch:

- Loi tp khng tan trong nc: Pha long cao lng thin vng b

tm vi 390ml nc ct, lc ht chn khng 3 ln. Ra giy lc vi nc ct.

C cch thu thu c cao lng 1:1.

- Ho tan trn bp cch thu vo cao thuc ln lt natri benzoate, natri

citrate dihydrat, acid citric monohydrate. ngui

- Thm nc ct va 400ml.

47

c im thnh phm:

+ Th cht: cht lng, hi snh, ng nht

+ Mu sc: en

+ Mi v: v ngt, hi chua, hi ng.

Liu dng:

Bi thuc thin vng b tm vi dng ch phm l vin hon dng

9g/ln, 3 ln/ ngy, khi chuyn sang dung dch thuc liu dng c quy i

thnh 10ml/ ln, 3 ln/ngy.

3.4.2 Kho st mt s tnh cht ca dung dch thuc thin vng b tm

- pH

Hiu chun my o pH ln lt bng cc dung dch m chun c

pH=7, pH=10, pH=4. Nhng in cc vo dung dch thuc v o tr s pH.


Bng 3.9: Kt qu xc nh pH ca dung dch thuc

Mu 1 2 3

pH 5,01 5,04 5,06

=5,04

Nhn xt: pH ca dung dch thuc l 5,04

- T trng

Lau sch t trng k bng ethanol. Dng a thy tinh trn u cht

lng cn xc nh t trng. t nh nhng t trng k vo cht lng sao

cho t trng k khng chm vo thnh v y ca dng c ng cht th. Khi

t trng k n nh, c kt qu.


48

Bng 3.10: Kt qu xc nh t trng ca dung dch thuc.

Mu 1 2 3

T trng 1,040 1,030 1,040

=1,037

Nhn xt: t trng ca dung dch thuc l 1,037


Ly 3 cc c m sch, em sy trong t sy 100oC, sau 30 pht ly ra

cho vo bnh ht m, ri em cn xc nh khi lng b. Cn ngay vo

cc chnh xc 5g dung dch thuc, em sy 80oC trong 3 gi. Sau khi sy

em lm ngui ti nhit phng trong bnh ht m ri cn ngay. Tip tc

cho vo t sy sy thm 1 gi. Qu trnh lp li cho ti khi lm kh ti khi

lng khng i.


Bng 3.11: Kt qu xc nh hm lng nc c trong dung dch thuc

Mu Hm lng nc c trong dung dch thuc

m (g) b (g) a (g) X (%)

1 5,0961 38,3221 36,5691 65,60

2 5,1074 38,3692 36,6138 65,63

3 5,1208 38,2765 36,5084 65,47

=65,57%

Nhn xt: Hm lng nc c trong dung dch thuc l 65,57%

3.4.3 Bc u xy dng tiu chun cho ch phm

Bo ch dung dch thuc thin vng b tm tin hnh theo mc 3.4.1

Tnh cht:

Cht lng, hi snh, mu en. V ngt hi chua, thm mi dc liu.

49

nh tnh

Phn ng ho hc: dung dch thuc cho kt qu dng tnh vi cc nhm

cht saponin, iridoid, coumarin (Th theo mc 3.3.1)

SKLM:

Bn mng Silicagel GF 254

Cch tin hnh (Th theo mc 3.3.1)

Nhm sm

H dung mi: Toluen- ethyl acetat- acid formic (5:4:1)

bc sng 254nm: Sc k ca dung dch thuc phi c t nht 5

vt c Rf tng ng vi sc k dch chit nhn sm.

Sinh a


bc sng 254nm: Sc k ca dung dch thuc phi c t nht 1

vt c Rf tng ng vi sc k dch chit sinh a.

Ng v t

H dung mi: Ly lp trn ca hn hp ether du ho- ethyl acetat-

acid formic (15:4,8:1)

bc sng 254nm: Sc k dung dch thuc phi c t nht 4 vt c

Rf tng ng vi sc k dch chit ng v t.

Hc to nhn


bc sng 254nm v 366nm: Sc k dung dch thuc phi c t

nht 5 vt c Rf tng ng vi sc k dch chit hc to nhn.

Ct cnh

H dung mi: Chloroform- methanol (19:1)

bc sng 366nm: Sc k dung dch thuc phi c t nht 6 vt c

Rf tng ng vi sc k dch chit ct cnh.

50

pH: 5,04 (Th theo mc 3.4.2)

T trng: 1,037 (Th theo mc 3.4.2)

nh lng: Th theo mc 3.3.2

Hm lng cn tan trong chloroform khng di 0,23%

Hm lng cn tan trong ethyl acetat khng di 0,36%

Hm lng cn tan trong buthanol khng di 5,44%

Hm lng ng kh khng di 13,33%

Cng nng: T m thanh nhit, dng tm an thn

Ch tr:

Dng trong cc trng hp m h ni nhit, tm thn bt yn, h phin

mt ng, nhp tim nhanh, hay m mng, hay qun, i tin to, l mm

ming, li , ru t.

Bo qun: ng chai, l. ni kh mt.

3.5 . BN LUN

3.5.1. Bo ch cao thuc thin vng b tm v kho st thnh phn ho

hc

Cao lng Thin vng b tm c chit xut theo phng php sc

vi dung mi l nc. y l phng php c s dng ph bin trong dn

gian, v vy gip cho sn phm t tin cy, tnh an ton cao.

Cao lng c th l dng bo ch hon chnh, c s dng trc tip

nhng cng c th c s dng lm sn phm trung gian bo ch cc

dng ch phm khc (v d: siro, cm tan, vin nang). quy trnh bo ch

n nh, sn phm t tiu chun th khng nhng nguyn liu u vo phi

t tiu chun m sn phm trung gian phi c chun ho. iu ny lm

hn ch ri ro trong sn xut thuc. V vy vic nghin cu nh gi cao

thuc l cn thit.

51

Chng ti tin hnh kim nghim cc v dc liu c trong bi

thuc c mua ti ph Ln ng- H Ni. Cc v dc liu u t tiu

chun DVN IV v c im hnh thi v c im vi hc nn chng ti s

dng tin hnh nghin cu.

Chng ti tin hnh kho st thnh phn ho hc ca cao lng thin

vng b tm. Da trn kt qu ca cc phn ng ho hc thng quy, chng

ti nhn thy cao lng thin vng b tm c cc thnh phn: saponin,

iridoid, coumarin, acid hu c, acid amin, ng kh, polysaccharid, cht

nhy. c s tng ng ph hp gia cc thnh phn c trong cao thuc

vi thnh phn c trong cc v thuc.

Trong nhm hot cht trn, thnh phn saponin, ng kh l thnh

phn chnh. Theo kt qu nh lng, hm lng cn tan trong buthanol

(5,44%), hm lng ng kh (13,33%) c trong cao thuc u chim t l

cao. iu ny ph hp vi cc thnh phn hot cht c trong cc v thuc.

SKLM c s dng ph bin trong kim nghim cc ch phm ng

dc, c th s dng SKLM thm nh s b s c mt ca cc v thuc c

trong ch phm ng dc. Chng ti tin hnh nghin cu SKLM, i

chiu sc k ca dch chit cc v thuc nhn sm, sinh a, ng v t, hc

to nhn, ct cnh vi sc k dch chit cao thuc c tin hnh trong

cng mt iu kin. Kt qu thu c cho thy c s tng ng v v tr v

mu sc ca mt s vt trn sc k ca dch chit cao thuc v dch chit

dc liu. iu cho chng ti c nhn nh ban u v s c mt ca cc

v thuc ny trong cao thuc.

Ngoi cc phn ng nh tnh v nh lng trn chng ti tin hnh

thm mt s ch tiu khc ca cao lng thin vng b tm nh pH, hm

lng cn khng tan trong nc, mt khi lng do lm kh. Gp phn xy

dng tiu chun cho cao thuc.

52

3.4.2. Nghin cu dng bo ch t cao thuc thu c v bc u xy

dng tiu chun cho ch phm.

Y hc c truyn s dng bi thuc thin vng b tm di dng thuc

hon. Tuy nhin dng thuc ny kh tiu chun ho v mt cht lng v

m bo ng u khi lng, quy trnh lm th cng nn kh m bo v

sinh, thi gian r ca vin hon thng lu nn gp vn v sinh kh dng,

trong cng thc c chu sa nn c. Chng ti tin hnh thm d dng bo ch

mi cho bi thuc thin vng b tm nhm khc phc nhng nhc im

ca dng thuc hon. Dng bo ch mi phi m bo sinh kh dng cao, d

s dng, d vn chuyn v bo qun. Cc dng bo ch hin i thng gp

i vi cc bi thuc ng y l thuc cm, vin nn, vin nang. Nhng chng

c mt s nhc im:

+ Thuc cm: d ht m, kh khn trong bo ch v bo qun.

+ Vin nn: Kh s dng c bit vi ngi cao tui.

Sinh kh dng kh d on.

S dng nhiu t dc nh hng bt li n c tnh ca

thuc, gp kh khn v khi lng vin, r, cng, ho tan

+ Vin nang: gp vn v m, kh m bo khi lng do th tch

v nang l c nh.

V vy chng ti tin hnh thm d dng dung dch thuc ca bi thuc

thin vng b tm do khi s dng di dng dung dch thuc dc cht

c ho tan nn hp thu nhanh hn, sinh kh dng cao hn, d s dng i

vi ngi cao tui, quy trnh bo ch n gin, d ng chai, d vn chuyn.

Chng ti tin hnh nghin cu mt s ch tiu khc ca dung dch

thuc thin vng b tm nh pH, t trng, mt khi lng do lm kh. Gp

phn xy dng tiu chun cho ch phm.

53

Do thi gian, iu kin nghin cu c hn nn ti ch dng li vic

nghin cu mt cng thc bo ch dung dch thuc. Nu c thm iu kin c

th tin hnh nghin cu thm cc cng thc bo ch khc c cng thc

bo ch ti u cho ch phm dung dch thuc v tin hnh nghin cu trn

nhiu mu cho kt qu khch quan hn.

KT LUN V XUT

KT LUN

Qua thi gian nghin cu chng ti t c nhng kt qu sau:

1. Xc nh tnh ng ca cc v thuc

M t c im hnh thi v c im vi hc ca cc v thuc theo

DVN IV khng nh tnh ng ca cc v thuc.

2. Bo ch cao t bi thuc thin vng b tm v kho st thnh phn ho

hc

- Cao lng thin vng b tm c chit xut theo phng php sc vi

dung mi l nc.

- Kho st thnh phn ho hc ca cao thuc thin vng b tm:

+ Xc nh c cc nhm cht c trong cao lng bi thuc l saponin,

iridoid, coumarin, acid hu c, acid amin, ng kh, polysaccharid,

cht nhy.

+ Qua SKLM s b xc nh c s c mt ca cc v thuc nhn

sm, sinh a, ng v t, hc to nhn, ct cnh trong cao thuc.

+ Hm lng cn tan trong chloroform c trong cao thuc l 0,23%

+ Hm lng cn tan trong ethyl acetat c trong cao thuc l 0,36%

+ Hm lng cn tan trong buthanol c trong cao thuc l 5,44%

+ Hm lng ng kh trong cao thuc l 13,33%

- Kho st mt s ch tiu khc ca cao lng thin vng b tm:

+ pH: 4,80

54

+ Hm lng cn khng tan trong nc l 0,27%

+ Hm lng nc c trong cao thuc l 65,18%

3. Nghin cu dng bo ch t cao thuc thin vng b tm

- Dung dch thuc thin vng b tm c bo ch t cao lng bi

thuc bng phng php ho tan thng thng.

- Kho st mt s ch tiu ca dung dch thuc thin vng b tm

+ pH: 5,04

+ T trng: 1,037

+ Hm lng nc c trong dung dch thuc l 65,57%

4. Bc u xy dng tiu chun cho dung dch thuc

Da vo cc nghin cu trn bc u xut mt s ch tiu c

bn gp phn vo xy dng tiu chun cht lng dung dch thuc

thin vng b tm.

XUT

Do thi gian v iu kin nghin cu c hn nn kha lun mi ch

dng li nhng ni dung nu trn. nh gi, xy dng tiu chun ca

dung dch thuc y hn cn nghin cu thm mt s ni dung sau:

- Tip tc nghin cu thm cc tiu chun cht lng ca dung dch

thuc nh nhim khun, n nh.

- Nghin cu xy dng "du vn tay" HPLC cho dung dch thuc.

- nh gi tc dng an thn ca dng bo ch dung dch thuc c th

nh gi c tc dng ca dng bo ch mi ny.

- Thm d thm cc dng bo ch mi cho bi thuc thin vng b tm.

55

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit

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4. B mn Dc liu- Trng i hc Dc H Ni, (2005), Thc tp dc

liu, phn nhn thc cy thuc, v thuc, ch bn v in ti Trung tm

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Dc H Ni.

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21.

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II, NXB Khoa hc k thut, H Ni.

15. Vin ng Y (1965), Phng php bo ch ng dc, NXB Y hc v

th dc th thao, tr.7-23, 315.

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pharmaceutical component tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia

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61

PH LC

Hnh - nh cc v dc liu dng trong nghin cu

(1- B t nhn; 2-Bch phc linh; 3-Ct cnh; 4- an sm; 5-ng quy;

6- Hc to nhn; 7- Huyn sm; 8-Mch mn; 9-Ng v t; 10- Nhn

sm; 11- Sinh a; 12-Thin mn; 13- Vin ch)

62

Hnh : c im vi hc bt Bch phc linh

Hnh : c im vi hc bt Huyn sm

(1-m cng; 2-t bo m cng; 3- mnh mch; 4-mnh bn; 5-m mm;

6- tinh bt)

63

Hnh : c im vi hc bt Sinh a

(1-mnh bn; 2-m mm; 3-m t bo cha git tinh du; 4,5-mnh mch)

Hnh : c im vi hc bt Thin mn

(1-tinh th canxi oxalate; 2: m t bo ; 3-Mch g; 4-m mm mang

mnh mch)

64

Hnh : c im vi hc bt Vin ch

(1-mnh bn; 2-mnh m mm; 3-si g; 4,5-mnh mch; 6-m t bo cha

nhiu git du)

Hnh : c im vi hc bt Ct cnh

(1: mnh bn; 2- m mm; 3,4- mnh mch)

65

Hnh : c im vi hc bt Nhn sm

(1- tinh th canxi oxalat; 2-mnh bn ; 3,4,5mnh mch; 6-tinh bt;

7- ng nha)

Hnh : c im vi hc bt Mch mn

(1- mnh bn; 2-mnh m mm; 3- tinh th canxi oxalate; 4-tinh bt; 5-t

bo m cng)

66

Hnh : c im vi hc bt an sm

(1-mnh bn; 2,3-mnh mch; 4-mnh m mm; 5-si)

Hnh : c im vi hc bt Hc to nhn

(1-mnh m cng ca v ngoi; 2-mnh m mm v gia; 3- mnh v trong;

4- mnh ni nh; 5-mnh l mm)

67

Hnh : c im vi hc bt Ng v t

(1,2- t bo m cng; 3-t bo v; 4-t bo v qu gia; 5-m t bo ni

nh

Hnh : c im vi hc bt ng Qui.

(1- tinh bt; 2-mnh m mm c nhiu ht tinh bt; 3,4,5,6- mnh mch;

7-m t bo mang tinh du)

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