Nghien Cuu Tien Trinh Nang Cap Mang Thong Tin Di Dong GSM Va Giao Thuc

8/2/2019 Nghien Cuu Tien Trinh Nang Cap Mang Thong Tin Di Dong GSM Va Giao Thuc

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http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Li mu

Lc bt u n em vn cha bit chn ti g, ch bit lm v 3G. Sau 1thi gian thc tp v lm bo co thc tp em c iu kin c nhiu hn v cng

ngh GSM. Em quyt nh lm ti Nghin cu tin trnh nng cp mng

thng tin di ng GSM v giao thc, gip em hiu mng thng tin di ng GSM

tin ln 4G nh th no v lin kt vi nhng mng thng tin khc nh th no, y

l bc t vn . Bc tip theo l gii quyt vn , em s tm hiu sau khi i

lm hoc hc cao hc.

hon thnh ti ng thi hn, ngi u tin em xin chn thnh cmn l Thy Nguyn Ngc Vn to mi iu kin v tn tnh hng dn. Ngi

tip l, Thy Qu - Hc vin bu chnh vin thng; Bc Giao, anh Phng, anh

Thng phng NGN -Vin k thut bu in; anh Hng Anh i chuyn mch

ca Mobifone gip em ti liu v hng dn chn ti v anh trai th lun ng

vin hon thin n sm nht c th

H Ni, ngy 15 thng 5 nmg 2008

Sinh vin

L Th Thu Trang


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Tm tt n

Ni dung n chia lm 2 phn

- Phn mt: Trnh by theo tin trnh nng cp, pht trin ca mng thng tin ding GSM. Ni dung ca mi Chng tp trung ch yu vo core network l; s

cu trc mng (tng ng vi mi cng ngh), chc nng ca phn t trong

mng, giao din v cc k thut c s dng.

- Phn hai: Khi qut chung mt s giao thc s dng trong min gi d liu (t

GPRS n 4G) nh RTP, BICC, H.248/MEGACO, SIP Giao thc ging nh mt

quy tc giao thng gip cho vic lu thng c thng sut hn

V s lng trang trong n khng cho php nn em vn cn thiu nhiu mng v

tuyn trong thng tin di ng, v phn giao thc vn cha k. Em s tm hiu sau

Thesis Summary

The thesis content is devided two parts:

- Part one: present the upgrade of GSM mobile communication from 2G(GSM)

to 4G. The content of each chapter concentrate on the core network, as the

network structure, the function of the elements in network, the interface and fewused technologies

- Part two: Introduce generally some protocols used in data package domain (from

GPRS to 4G) such as RTP, BICC, H.248/MEGACO, SIP The protocol is

similar to the traffic rule that help traffic thng sut hn

Beacause of the page limitation in the thesis. Therefore, I am short of the fields of

the radio in the mobile communication, and lack the details of a protocol. I will

study later


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Mc Lc

Li mu ..................................................................................................................1

Tm tt n ..............................................................................................................2Mc Lc ......................................................................................................................3

Danh sch cc Hnh v ................................................................................................7

Danh sch cc bng.....................................................................................................8

Phn I Cc cng ngh mng thng tin di ng GSM .......................................9

Chng 1 Mng thng tin di ng GSM......................................................91.1 Lch s pht trin ..........................................................................................91.2 H thng GSM..............................................................................................9

1.2.1 Cc thnh phn ca h thng. ..............................................................11

1.2.1.1 phn h v tuyn ...........................................................................121.2.1.2 phn h chuyn mch ....................................................................141.2.2 Cc giao din trong mng GSM...........................................................16

1.2.2.1 Giao din A gia BSS MSC.......................................................161.2.2.2 Giao din Abis gia BSC BTS...................................................171.2.2.3 Giao din B gia MSC server VLR ...........................................181.2.2.4 Giao din C gia HLR v MSC server .........................................181.2.2.5 Giao din D gia HLR v VLR ....................................................181.2.2.6 Giao din E gia nhng MSC server ...........................................181.2.2.7 Giao din F gia MSC server v EIR ...........................................191.2.2.8 Giao din G gia nhng VLR .......................................................19

1.2.2.9 im giao din Nc gia MSC server v GMSC server ...............191.2.2.10 Giao din H gia HLR v AuC....................................................19

1.3 S pht trin h thng khng dy ...............................................................19Chng 2 Cng ngh GPRS ...........................................................................21

2.1 gii thiu chung v GPRS ..........................................................................212.2 Phn t mi trong GPRS ............................................................................22

2.2.1 Nhng Node h tr ca GPRS............................................................222.2.2 S phn bit Data/Voice trong BSS.....................................................232.2.3 n viu khin knh (Channel Control Unit) ................................232.2.4 Mng tng i roaming GPRS.............................................................24

2.3 Giao din trong mng GPRS ......................................................................25

2.3.1 Giao din Gb gia BSS v SGSN.........................................................252.3.2 Giao din Gr gia SGSN v HLR........................................................252.3.3 Giao din Gn v Gp gia SGSN v GGSN .........................................262.3.4 Giao din Gc l ng bo hiu gia GGSN v HLR.........................262.3.5 Giao din Gf gia SGSN v EIR .........................................................262.3.6 Giao din Gs gia MSC/VLR v SGSN..............................................26

2.4 Giao thc GPRS .........................................................................................27


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Chng 3 Cng ngh GSM/EDGE ...............................................................273.1 S khc nhau v k thut gia GPRS v EDGE .......................................273.2 Chun ho ...................................................................................................303.3 Tng lai ca GSM/EDGE l hng ti WCDMA ...................................313.4 Li ch ca EGPRS....................................................................................31

Chng 4 Cng ngh UMTS Release 99 .....................................................324.1 Tng quan v UMTS (l 3G).......................................................................324.2 Nhng phn t mi trong R99...................................................................354.3 Giao din mi trong R99 ..........................................................................38

4.3.1 Giao din Iu gia UTRAN CN .........................................................384.3.2 Giao din Iu CS....................................................................................384.3.3 Giao din Iu PS ...................................................................................404.3.4 Giao din Iu BC ...................................................................................404.3.5 Giao din Iur gia RNC RNC...........................................................414.3.6 Giao din Iub gia RNC Node B......................................................43

Chng 5 Cng ngh UMTS Release 4 ........................................................455.1 Gii thiu ....................................................................................................455.2 Kin trc chuyn mch mm R4 ................................................................46

5.2.1 MSC server .........................................................................................475.2.2 Media gateway (MGW) .......................................................................475.2.3 Gateway MSC server (GMSC server) .................................................47

5.3 Nhng giao din mi trong R4..................................................................485.3.1 Giao din Mc: (G)MSC server ti CS-MGW.......................................485.3.2 Giao din Nc gia MSC server v MSC server ...................................495.3.3 Giao din Nb gia 2 MGW..................................................................49

Chng 6 Cng ngh UMTS Release 5 .........................................................50

6.1 UMTS Realease 5: Gii thiu IMS ..........................................................506.1.1 Nhng phn t mi trong R5 ...............................................................506.1.1.1 CSCF Call Session Control Function..........................................506.1.1.2 MGCF v MGW............................................................................526.1.1.3 HSS (Home Subscriber Server).....................................................526.1.1.4 AS (Application Server) ................................................................526.1.1.5 BGCF (Breakout Gateway Control Function) ..............................526.1.1.6 MRF (Multimedia Resource Function)........................................536.1.1.7 SLF (Subscription Location Function).........................................536.1.1.8 Cng bo hiu (SGW) ...................................................................536.1.1.9 Cng bo mt ................................................................................54

6.1.1.10 PDF (Policy Decision Function) ..................................................546.1.2 Nhng giao din trong kin trc IMS.................................................556.2 UMTS Realease 5: Truy cp gi downlink tc cao (HSDPA).............576.3 UMTS Release 6 v Release 7....................................................................58

6.3.1 UMTS Release 6 ..................................................................................586.3.2 UMTS Release 7 v xa hn .................................................................58

Chng 7 Cc cng ngh khng dy khc .....................................................59


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7.1 Mng WLAN..............................................................................................597.1.1 Gii thiu chung v WLAN.................................................................597.1.2 So snh WLAN v UMTS ...................................................................60

7.2 WiMax (chun 802.16)...............................................................................647.2.1 Tng quan v WiMax (802.16)............................................................647.2.2 So snh 802.16 (WiMax) vi UMTS, HSDPA, v WLAN...............68

7.3 UMTS v tinh (satellite UMTS) .................................................................69Chng 8 Tng quan v 4G............................................................................73

8.1 Yu cu xy dng mng di ng khng dy th h mi 4G ......................738.2. Cc quan im tip cn mng th h mi 4G.............................................73

8.2.1. Cch tip cn theo quan im h thng ...............................................738.2.2. Cch tip cn theo quan im tch hp mng ......................................74

8.3. nh ngha mng di ng ALL-IP 4G.......................................................748.4. Cc th h cng ngh ..................................................................................758.5 Cc c im cng ngh 4G .......................................................................78

8.5.1 H trlu lng IP ..............................................................................798.5.2 H trtnh di ng tt..........................................................................798.5.3 H trnhiu cng ngh v tuyn khc nhau .......................................798.5.4 Khng cn lin kt iu khin .............................................................808.5.5 H trbo mt u cui-u cui........................................................80

8.6 Cc m hnh khuyn ngh cho 4G ..............................................................818.6.1 M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4G ca mobile it forum.........818.6.2 M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca mobi dick...................828.6.3 M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca cisco...........................82

8.7 Mng 4G tng qut .....................................................................................838.8 KT LUN ................................................................................................84

Phn 2 Giao Thc v hin trng mng di ng Vit Nam............................84Chng 9 Giao thc trong Release 4..............................................................84

9.1 Giao thc RTP ............................................................................................849.1.1 RTP giao din Nb .............................................................................849.1.2 B nhn dng ngun ............................................................................859.1.3 Bo mt vi RTP..................................................................................869.1.4 S d tha trong RTP ..........................................................................86

9.2 Giao thc SDP (Session Description Protocol)..........................................869.3 MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol)................................................869.4 Giao thc H.248..........................................................................................88

9.4.1. Lch s pht trin. ................................................................................88

9.4.1.1 MEGACO v MGCP .....................................................................889.4.2 Cc thut ng v m hnh kt ni ........................................................89

9.4.2.1 Media Gateway .............................................................................899.4.2.2 Termination v Context.................................................................909.4.2.3 c tnh, s kin, tn hiu v thng k.........................................919.4.2.4 nh ngha Lnh...........................................................................929.4.2.5 Bn tin, giao dch, hnh ng.......................................................93


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9.4.2.6 Gi ................................................................................................949.4.2.7 M t.............................................................................................95

9.4.3 Chi tit v cc lnh...............................................................................969.4.3.1 ADD .............................................................................................969.4.3.2 MODIFY ......................................................................................979.4.3.3 SUBTRACT..................................................................................989.4.3.4 MOVE ..........................................................................................999.4.3.5 SERVICECHANGE...................................................................1009.4.3.6 NOTIFY......................................................................................100

9.4.4 Cc kch bn.......................................................................................1009.4.4.1 Khi to MG (khi ng lnh)....................................................1009.4.4.2 Thit lp cuc gi ........................................................................1029.4.4.3 Gii phng cuc gi: kch bn 1, kch bn 2, kch bn 3 ............1029.4.4.4 Kim tra gi tr_AuditValue........................................................102

9.5 BICC (Bearer-Independent Call Control)...............................................1039.6 Giao thc SIGTRAN ................................................................................1049.7 Tng kt ....................................................................................................104

Chng 10 Giao thc trong Release 5..........................................................10510.1 Giao thc SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) ............................................105

10.1.1 nh a ch SIP .............................................................................10510.1.2 Nhng thnh phn SIP .....................................................................106

10.1.2.1 UA (User Agent) .......................................................................10610.1.2.2 Proxy Server ..............................................................................10710.1.2.3 Registrar server .........................................................................10710.1.2.4 Redirect server..........................................................................10710.1.2.5 Location service ........................................................................107

10.1.3 SIP messages (Nhng bn tin SIP) ..................................................10710.1.4 SIP responses ..................................................................................10910.1.5 Conferencing with SIP .....................................................................109

Chng 11 Hin trng mng di ng Vit Nam .......................................11011.1 Hin trng cng ngh CDMA, GSM v WiMax trn th gii ...............110

11.1.1 CDMA..............................................................................................11011.1.2 GSM.................................................................................................11111.1.3 WiMAX ...........................................................................................111

11.2 Tnh hnh ti Vit Nam...........................................................................11111.3 Tnh hnh chun b ln 3G ca cc nh khai thc vin thng Vit Nam.........................................................................................................................113

Ch vit tt ..............................................................................................................117Ti liu tham kho...................................................................................................124


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Danh sch cc Hnh v

Hnh 1.1: M hnh h thng GSM ............................................................................12Hnh 2.1: Tng quan nhng thay i trong BSS v mng li GSM .........................21

Hnh 2.2: Mng tng i Roaming GPRS (GRX) ...................................................24Hnh 2.3: Nhng lp ca giao din Gb ....................................................................25Hnh 2.4: Giao thc ca GPRS ................................................................................27Hnh 3.1: EGPRS gii thiu nhng thay i trn BSS trong mng GPRS...............28Hnh 3.2: Biu I/Q ch ra nhng ch li iu ch ca EDGE .............................29Bng 3.2: Tc v iu ch ca MCS-1 ti MCS-9 ..............................................29Hnh 3.3: Giao thc ca EDGE.................................................................................31Hnh 3.4: Hi t nhiu chun khc nhau v EDGE ..................................................32Hnh 4.1: Vng ph sng ca UMTS .......................................................................33Hnh 4.2: Nhng phn t mi cho mng UMTS ......................................................35Hnh 4.3: Kin trc phn truy nhp...........................................................................36

Hnh 4.4: Cu trc giao thc Iu CS...........................................................................39Hnh 4.5: Cu trc giao thc Iu PS ..........................................................................40Hnh 4.6: Nhm giao thc ca giao din Iur. ..........................................................41Hnh 4.7: Ging giao thc giao din Iur ...................................................................43Hnh 4.8: M hnh logic ca Node B i vi FDD...................................................44Hnh 5.1: Khi nim mng n i vi R4 UMTS..................................................45Hnh 5.2: Nhng phn t mi cho mng UMTS R4................................................46Hnh 5.3: Kin trc mng BICC vi giao din A v Iu ............................................48Hnh 5.4: User plane cho UMTS R4 .........................................................................49Hnh 6.1: H thng pha truy nhm ( IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) )..............50Hnh 6.2: Chuyn i bo hiu trong SGW..............................................................54Hnh 6.3: Kin trc IMS...........................................................................................55Hnh 7.1: Kin trc ca WLAN ................................................................................59Hnh 7.2: Tc d liu v s ph thuc ca chng vo di ng ...........................61Hnh 7.3: Kin trc ni lin gia WLAN IEEE 802.11 v UMTS.........................62Hnh 7.4: Quan h ni lin gia IEEE 802.11 WLAN AP v 3G-SGSN...............63Hnh 7.5: S h thng mng WiMax ...................................................................65Hnh 7.6: Don pht trin ca h thng mng v dch v ...................................66Hnh 7.7: Cu trc mng WiMax trn nn IP ...........................................................67Hnh 7.8: Kin trc mng UMTS v tinh..................................................................69Hnh 7.9: Cu trc bn trong ca cng .....................................................................69Hnh 7.10: Vin cnh v tinh trong sut Tch hp Iub (

NodeB

BP )

v Iu ( RNCBP ) .........................................................................................................71Hnh 8.1: Cc cng ngh khng dy tch hp mng 4G..........................................75Hnh 8.2: M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca mobile it forum..............81Hnh 8.3: M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca mobi dick.......................82Hnh 8.4: M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca cisco...............................82Hnh 8.5: Kt ni lin tc gia cc mng ................................................................83


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Hnh 9.1: iu khin cng phng tin (media) .....................................................87Hnh 9.2: Lch s pht trin ca H.248....................................................................88Hnh 9.3: M t kt ni H.248 .................................................................................89Hnh 9.4: V tr ca RTP ..........................................................................................91Hnh 9.5: Mi quan h gia bn tin v giao dch.....................................................94Hnh 9.6: Mi quan h gia giao dch, context v lnh...........................................94Hnh 9.7: Cc m t .................................................................................................95 Hnh 9.8: Kin trc ca BICC...............................................................................104Hnh 10.1: Kin trc thnh phn SIP .....................................................................106Hnh 11.1: Xu hng pht trin cc chun vin thng ...........................................112Hnh 11.2: Mng GPRS ca MobiFone ..................................................................114

Danh sch cc bng

Bng 1.1: Tc t CS-1 n CS-4 .........................................................................24Bng 3.1: GPRS v EDGE: So snh thng tin k thut............................................28Bng 3.2: tc v iu ch ca MCS-1 ti MCS-9 ..............................................29Bng 9.1: Header ca RTP......................................................................................85Bng 9.2: RTP payload type assignment ................................................................85

Bng 9.3: So snh MEGACO v MGCP ................................................................88Bng 10.1: Nhng gii php SIP...........................................................................108Bng 10.2: Nhng lp code tr li ca SIP ..........................................................109


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Phn I Cc cng ngh mng thng tin di ng GSM

Chng 1 Mng thng tin di ng GSM

1.1Lch spht trin

Cng ngh di ng u tin l cng ngh tng t, khi u t nhng nm 70

vi cc cng ngh tiu biu nh AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) ti North

American (1983), NTT ti Nht (1977) v NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) ti

Europe (1983).

Nm 1982, hi ngh qun l bu in v vin thng Chu u (CEPT

European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications ad minstrations) thnh lp

1 nhm nghin cu, GSM Group Speciale Mobile, mc ch pht trin chun mi

v thng tin di ng Chu u.

Nm 1987, 13 quc gia k vo bn ghi nhv ng gii thiu mng GSM

vo nm 1991

Nm 1988, Tr s chun vin thng Chu u (ETSI European

Telecommunication Standards Institute) c thnh l p, c trch nhim bin i

nhiu tin c k thut GSM thnh chun European

Ngy 01/07/1991 Phn Lan (finland) cuc gi in thoi GSM u tin t

cng vin Helsinki, nh du GSM900 Phase 1 European.Nm 1995, chun GSM pht trin ln Phase 2. T p trung pht trin vo

pht m thoi v nhng dch v lin quan n nhng cuc gi m thoi

N m 1998, 3GPP (the Third Generation Partnership) pht trin chun GSM

ln GPRS v EDGE

S pht trin k thut t FDMA -1G, 2G l kt hp FDMA v TDMA, 3G

CDMA

1.2 H thng GSM

H thng GSM lm vic trong mt bng tn hp, di tn cbn t (890-960MHz). Bng tn c chia lm 2 phn:

Uplink band t (890 915) MHz

Downlink ban t (935 960)MHz

Bng tn gm 124 sng mang c chia lm 2 bng, mi bng rng 25MHz,

khong cch gia 2 sng mang k nhau l 200KHz. Mi knh s dng 2 tn s


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ring bit cho 2 ng ln v xung gi l knh song cng. Khong cch gia 2 tn

s l khng i bng 45MHz. Mi knh v tuyn mang 8 khe thi gian TDMA v

mi khe thi gian l mt knh vt l trao i thng tin gia MS v mng GSM. Tc

m t (6.5 13)Kbps.

125 knh tn sc nh s t 0 n 124 c gi l knh tn s tuyt i

ARFCN (Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number).

Ful(n) = 890 MHz + (0,2MHz) * n

Fdl(n) = Ful(n) + 45MHz

Vi 1


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mt khe thi gian nht nh trc. khi cc knh mang thng tin ca cc thu bao

s dng chung 1 knh tn sc phn bit v mt thi gian. (Qualcomm, 1997)

a truy nhp phn chia theo m (CDMA Code Division Multiple Access)

Khi nim: CDMA l mt phng thc a truy nhp trong cc thu bao c th

s dng ng thi knh tn sc cp pht ti mi thi im v c phn knh

thng qua mt m c cp pht duy nht. Tn hiu c phn bit ti my thu s

dng mt b tng quan cho php ch nhn nng lng tn hiu t knh mong

mun. Tn hiu t cc knh khc c coi nh nhiu i vi my thu .

(Qualcomm, 1997)

1.2.1 Cc thnh phn ca h thng.

PLMN theo chun GSM c chia lm 3 phn h:

Phn h chuyn mch NSS (Network Switching Subsytem): MSC, HLR, VLR,AuC, EIR

Phn h v tuyn RSS = BSS + MS

RSS Radio SubSystem

-> MS = ME +SIM: Trong SIM cha cc s nhn dng IMSI, TMSI; s hiu

nhn dng vng nh v LAI

- > BSS = TRAU + BSC + BTS: BSS kt ni vi NSS qua cng PCM cs

2Mbps

Phn h vn hnh v bo dng (khai thc) OMS (Operation and MaintenanceSubsystem) Phn h khai thc thc hin 3 chc nng chnh: Khai thc v bo

dng mng, Qun l thu bao v tnh cc, Qun l thit b di ng


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Hnh 1.1: M hnh h thng GSM

1.2.1.1 phn h v tuyn

BSS (Base Station System ) c chc nng cung cp ng truyn gia MS vi tng

i MSC. BSS trao i thng tin vi MS trn giao din v tuyn Um v vi MSC

(SGSN) bng cc truyn truyn dn 2Mbps qua giao din A(Gb): BSS = BSC +

BTS + TRAU (TCE)

BSC ( Base Station Controller) iu khin 1 vi Cell (1 vi BTS) vqun l tt cgiao din v tuyn thng qua cc lnh iu khin xa BTS v MS. Cc lnh ny ch

yu l cc lnh n nh, gii phng knh v tuyn v qun l chuyn giao

(handover). Trong thc t BSC l mt tng i nh c vai tr qun l cc knh

giao din v tuyn v chuyn giao. BSC phi thc hin 1 vi chc nng:

- c lng bo hiu gia MS v tng i (mng li CN)


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t 9,6kbps ln 16kbps truyn trn giao din knh mt t (trong c 3kbps

TRAU)

ME (Mobile Equiptment) = hardware + software l thit b di ng. ME tng

ng s IMEI = Assigned at the factory

SIM: lu gi thng tin nhn thc thu bao v mt m ho/ gii mt m ho. Cc

thng tin lu d trong SIM

Cc s nhn dng IMSI, TMSI

- Kho nhn thc Ki

- Kho mt m Kc

- S hiu nhn dng vng nh v LAI (LAI Location Area ID)

- Danh sch cc tn s ln cnC 3 lp khc bit ca thit b di ng (ME) GPRS vi GSM.

- Lp A: thit b c kh nng x l cuc gi thoi v chuyn gi data

cng mt thi im.

- Lp B: Thit b c th x l thoi hoc lu lng gi data v c tht

vic chuyn gi trng thi tr nhn cuc gi thoi.

- Lp C: Thit b c th x l c 2 thoi v data

1.2.1.2 phn h chuyn mch

MSC ( Mobile service Switching Centre) c nhim viu phi vic thit lpcuc gi n nhng ngi s dng mng GSM. Mt mt giao tip vi BSS, mt

khc giao tip vi mng ngoi (qua GMSC) MSC thng l mt tng i ln iu

khin v qun l mt s cc biu khin trm gc BSC. MSC thc hin cc chc

nng: X l cuc gi, vn hnh v bo dng, chc nng tng tc v tnh cc.

MSC c th trin khai 2 dng: MSC server - x l bo hiu; CS-MGW x l bo

hiu ngi dng

MSC serveriu khin cuc gi t lc bt u n kt thc trong min CS,

hon thnh bo hiu v bin dch vo trong mng bo hiu. Cha d liu dch v

thu bao trong VLR v d liu lin quan CAMEL.

CS-MGW (Circuit Switch - Media Gateway Function) gip chuyn i

phng tin, iu khin vt mang v x l kch thc gi qua giao din Iu. H.248

c ngh xc nhn m ph thm v nhng giao thc ng khung.


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IWF (the Interworking Function) ni ti MSC cung c p lin kt gia mng

PLMN v mng cnh (ISDN, PSTN v PDNs). Vic giao tip vi mng ngoi

i hi cng thch ng (cc chc nng tng tc IWF) thch ng cc c im

truyn dn ca GSM v cc mng ngoi. Chc nng ca IWF l

-ph thuc vo dch v v loi mng cnh.

-Chuyn giao thc c dng trong mng PLMN sang nhng giao thc c

dng trong mng cnh

GMSC (the Gateway MSC): thit lp mt cuc gi n ngi s dng GSM,

trc ht cuc gi phi c nh tuyn n mt tng i cng GMSC m khng

cn bit v tr hin thi ca thu bao.GMSC c nhim v ly thng tin v v tr hin

thi ca thu bao v nh tuyn cuc gi n tng i ang qun l thu bao thi

im hin thi (MSC tm tr). Mun vy, trc ht cc tng i phi da trn sthoi danh b ca thu bao tm ng HLR cn thit v hi HLR ny: MSC ->

HLR tng ng -> MSC c MS.

-GMSC quyt nh iu khin kt ni vi mng bn ngoi, khi truy vn ti

HLR v MSC.

-c trin khai trn 2 thc th: GMSC server x l bo hiu v CS-MGW

-Nu cuc gi l m thoi/qung b, th call c nh tuyn trc tip ti

MSC kt ni vi VBS/VGCS

HLR(the Home Location Register) l csd liu tham chiu lu gi lu di cc

thng tin v thu bao

-Cc s nhn dng thu bao IMSI, MSISDN

-Cc thng tin v thu bao (t 1-4 triu thu bao )

-Danh sch cc dch v MS c/hn ch s dng

-S hiu VLRang phc v MS

AuC (the Authentication Centre) l csd liu lu gi cc kho thu bao Ki cho

tt c cc thu bao trng mng. AuC c chc nng nhn thc v to kho Kc s

dng trong cuc gi.

VLR(the Visition Location Register) l csd liu trung gian lu gi tm thi

thng tin v thu bao trong vng phc v MSC/VLR.


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-V tr hin thi ca MS trong vng phc v MSC no

-Trng thi thu bao (bn-busy, ri-idle)

-Cc s nhn dng: IMSI, MSISDN, TMSI

- Nhn dng vng LAI.

-S lu ng trm di ng MSRN

EIR(the Equipment Identity Register) l csd liu thng tin v tnh hp l ca

thit b ME qua s IMEI. Mt s thit b s c s IMEI thuc 1 trong 3 danh sch.

-Sch trng: IMEI hp l

-Sch en: IMEI ca MS b mt cp

-Sch xm: IMEI ca MS b li khng p ng c chun GSM

EIRc truy cp t MSC ca mng hoc MSC mng khc. Trong mng c th c

nhiu EIR

SMS GMSC (SMS Gateway MSC) l mt giao din gia trung tm SMS v

PLMN, message ngn c gi ti MS t trung tm dch v (SC Service Centre)

1.2.2 Cc giao din trong mng GSM

1.2.2.1 Giao din A gia BSS MSC

L kh nng cung cp nhiu dch v cho nhng ngi dng GSM v thu bao.

Thm vo , giao din A cho php c p pht ti nguyn ph h p trong mng

PLMN, vn hnh v bo qun nhng ti nguyn ny.Ch tiu k thut m giao din A cho php l:

- Kt ni ca nhiu hng sn xut BSS khc nhau ti cng 1 MSC v ngc li

- S dng cng mt kiu BSS (MSC) trong nhiu mng PLMN

- Pht trin ring ca MSC v k thut BSS

- Tin ti gim tc m thoi

- h trtt c nhng dch v

Tp hp nhng c tnh gm: Nhng tham s vt l v in t trng, cu

trc knh, tin trnh vn hnh mng, thng tin vn hnh v duy tr bo dng. nh

ngha giao din MSC ti BSS ging trong mng ISDN. Lp 3 c thm nhng th

tc iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn v nhn dng nhiu s kin s dng SCCP.

Lp 2 da vo bo hiu SS7 MTP (Message Transfer Part), hoc trong trng hp

vn chuyn bo hiu csIP M3UA v SCTP. Trong trng hp SS7 MTP, lp

1 l s (2,048Mbps) hoc tng t th data vn c cho qua v s dng modem.


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C th ho lp 3 l 2 giao thc giao din c nhn dng trong BSS ti MSC l:

BSSOMAP, BSSAP

- BSSAP c chia thnh BSSMAP v DTAP: DTAP text gip messages giao

din khng kh lp 3 c i qua BSS v DTAP text cng c x l

BSS; BSSMAP chu trch nhim nhiu kha cnh ca x l ti nguyn v

tuyn trong BSS. Text c cu trc nh mt tp nhng tin trnh c nh

ngha v c th tn dng bi nh khai thc/ nh sn xut ph hp ti

nhng yu cu ng dng ang dng. Chnh nhng tin trnh biu khin

theo nhng ch khc nhau ph thuc vo tham su vo c nhn t

MSC hoc c gi t OMC

- BSSOMAP h trtt c nhng thng tin O v M cho BSS bi MSC hoc BSS

1.2.2.2 Giao din Abis gia BSC BTS

Giao din Abis c kh nng h tr tt c nhng dch v ti ngi dng GSMv nhiu thu bao. Thm vo , n cho php iu khin thit b v cp pht tn s

trong BTS

Nhng ch tiu k thut giao din Abis cho php:

-Kt ni ca nhiu nh sn xut BTS/TRX khc nhau ti cng mt BSC v

ngc li, tu theo nh v nhng b chuyn m

-s dng cng mt loi BTS/TRX (BSC) trong nhiu mng PLMN, tu theo s

nh v b chuyn m

-Pht trin ring ca BSC v k thut BTS/TRX-Tin ti i mi nhng tin nghi O & M

-nh v nhng b chuyn m trong BSC hay trong BTS

-Gii php vt l khc nhau ca thit b khc nhau trong BTS

-H trTRX n cu thnh BTS

nh ngha giao din Abis tin ti ging ISDN: Lp 3 bng nhng tin trnh thm

vo iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn; Lp 2 da vo giao thc LAPD; Lp 1 l s

(tc 2,048Mbps) hoc tng t th data c i qua bi modem

Trng h p transcoderc t bn ngoi BTS, tr truyn ton b trn 1

ng gia im kt ni PSTN/ISDN v MS c gii hn l 1,5ms ( xp x

300km). Transcodert trong BTS, gii hn l 6,5ms (xp x 1300km). Transcoder

l mt phn ca BSS v c thc t bn ngoi BTS (e.g MSC-site hoc

BSC-site) c th ghp knh thoi v data trn nhng ng link trong BSS v

trn ng link BSC-BTS


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1.2.2.7 Giao din F gia MSC server v EIR

Giao din F dng trao i data, mc ch EIR c th xc nhn tnh trng

IMEI c gi t MS.

1.2.2.8 Giao din G gia nhng VLR

Tin trnh ng k nh v s xy ra khi thu bao di ng di chuyn t VLR

ny ti VLR khc. Tin trnh ny gm vic phc hi li IMSI v nhng tham s xc

nhn t VLR c

1.2.2.9 im giao din Nc gia MSC server v GMSC server

Trn im giao din Nc, vic iu khin cuc gi csgia mng - mng

c thc hin. V d l ISUP hoc s pht trin ca ISUP cho iu khin cuc gi

c lp vt mang (BICC Bearer Independent Call Control).

La chn khc dnh cho vn chuyn bo hiu trn Nc l IP. Nc s cho php

s dng bt k giao thc iu khin cuc gi ph hp (BICC, SIP-T) m c th htryu cu lu lng.

1.2.2.10 Giao din H gia HLR v AuC

Khi HLR nhn yu cu xc nhn v mt m ho d liu cho thu bao di ng

v n cng khng d d liu yu cu, HLR yu cu d liu t AuC

1.3 Spht trin h thng khng dy

Th h 1G: tt c nhng h thng u bt ngun t 1G l h thng tng t (vi

thoi l lu lng chnh). Mt vi chun l NMT, AMPS, Hicap, CDPD, Mobitex,

DataTac, TACS v ETACS.


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Th h 2G: Tt c nhng chun thuc vo 2G l trung tm thng mi v chng l

dng s. Vo khong 60% thng mi hin nay b chi phi bi chun Chu u.

Nhng chun 2G l GSM, iDEN, D-AMPS, IS-95, PDC, CSD, PHS, GPRS (2,5G),

HSCSD, v WiDEN.

Th h 3G: p ng yu cu pht trin dung lng mng, tc (tc dch

chuyn d liu) v nhng ng dng a phng tin, chun 3G bt u c a ra.

Nhng h thng trong chun ny l s pht trin tuyn tnh ca h thng 2G. Chng

da vo 2 c sh tng chnh song song tn ti l nhng node chuyn mch

knh, v nhng node chuyn mch gi. ITU nh ngha mt b nhng k thut giao

din khng kh cho 3G, nh l phn sng kin ca IMT-2000. Hin nay, s chuyn

giao xy ra t h thng 2G ti 3G. Mt phn ca s chuyn giao ny l mt s

nhng k thut ang c chun ha.

- 2,75G: l EDGE, EGPRS- 3G: l UMTS(W-CDMA), CDMA 2000 & 1xEV-DO/IS-856, FOMA, TD-

SCDMA, GAN/UMA

- 3.5G: UMTS (HSDPA), UMTS (HSUPA)

- Post 3G: UMTS (HSOPA/LTE)

Th h 4G: Ty theo nhm lm vic 4G, csh tng v u cui ca 4G s c tt

c nhng chun t 2G ti 4G trin khai. Csh tng cho 4G s ch l gi (all-

IP). Mt vi xut l c mt platform m nhng i mi v pht trin c

th ph h p. Nhng k thut ang c xem xt nh pre-4G l WiMax, WiBro,iBurst, 3GPP Long term Evolution v 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband. Nhng k

thut chnh l:

- k thut baseband (bng cs) l

-> OFDM: khai thc c tnh knh chn lc tn s

-> MIMO: t c hiu sut ph cao nht

-> Turbo principle: gim n mc nh nht SNR theo yu cu bn thu

- Giao din v tuyn thch ng

- iu ch, x l khng gian gm MIMO nhiu anten v nhiu ngi dng

- Relaying (s chuyn tip), gm mng chuyn tip cnh(FRN-Fixed Relay

Network), v the cooperative relaying concept, c bit nh l giao thc nhiu

ch


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Chng 2 Cng ngh GPRS

2.1 gii thiu chung v GPRS

Hnh 2.1: Tng quan nhng thay i trong BSS v mng li GSM

Nhng c im mi trong GPRS l:

- Chun ho dch v d liu chuyn mch gi

- Kt ni IP tu cui ti u cui- Gii php cscho mobile internet

- Mrng mng GSM, vi nhng node thm vo : SGSN, GGSN

H thng pht d liu GPRS trong GSM:

- Pht trin GSM: dng li ton b c s h tng mng GSM ang tn ti

(mng v tuyn GSM v nhng phn t mng chuyn mch, nh HLR v

MSC/VLR), thm h thng chuyn mch gi

- GPRS cho php thng tin IP gia MS(Mobile Station) v IH (Internet

Service Host) hoc corporate LAN

- Kt ni IP end-to-end tu cui di ng ti nhng ISP (Internet Service

Provider) server. Pht d liu l end-to-end gm c giao din khng kh

- Khng cn k hoch tn s, s dng tn s GSM. Knh v tuyn GPRS c

c p php ti ngi dng ch khi pht hoc nhn d liu. Knh v tuyn

khng c cp pht trc ti MS, khi MS pht gi d liu, n c gi qua


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knh v tuyn t do u tin. GPRS chia s chung giao din v tuyn

cng tn ti vi GSM chuyn mch knh.

Kt lun v GPRS

- H thng GPRS - bc u tin hng ti 3G

- Mrng kin trc mng GSM

- Truy cp tc cao v hiu qu ti nhng mng chuyn mch gi khc (tng

ti 115kbps)

- Nhng dch v mi

- Nhng ng dng mi

- Volume based charging

- Lun lun c kt ni, lun lun online

2.2 Phn tmi trong GPRS

2.2.1 Nhng Node h tr ca GPRS tch h p GPRS vo kin trc mng GSM ang tn ti, mt l p nhng node

mng c gii thiu gi l node h tr GPRS (GSNs GPRS Support Node).

GSNs chu trch nhim pht v nh tuyn nhng gi d liu gia MS v mng d

liu bn ngoi (PDNs).

SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node): Thanh ghi nh v cha 2 loi d liu

thu bao cn thit x l bt u v kt thc vic truyn gi data

User profiles: IMSI, nhn dng tm thi, a ch PDP

Location information: Ch hot ng ca MS, Cell hoc vng nh tuyn nim MS ng k; s VLR ca VLRc kt hp (nu Gs c trin khai); a ch

GGSN

Chc nng ca SGSN: nh tuyn, qun l di ng. SGSN pht hin v ng k v

tr cho cc trm di ng GPRS mi trong phm vi phc v ca n v truyn pht

cc gi s liu gia cc trm di ng v cc GGSN. SGSN iu khin cc giao thc

giao din v tuyn mc cao, cng nh cc giao thc mng GPRS, tnh cc data

ngi dng

Chc nng c th SGSN trong GSM/EDGE:

Tin ti lu lng 60kbps (150kbps i vi EDGE) trn mi thu bao

Kt ni qua Frame relay hoc IP ti PCU s dng chc nng giao thc Gb

Chp nhn data uplink cu thnh gi IP

Bo mt data downlink, gii mt m data uplink

Thc hin qun l ti mc cell cho nhiu ch di ng c kt ni


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Chc nng c th SGSN trong WCDMA

Lu lng tin ti 300kbps trn mi thu bao (R99)

Tin ti lu lng khong 7,2Mbps downlink v 2mbps uplink (HSPA)

Nhng gi downlink/uplink Tunnel/detunnel hng ti RNC

Tin ti qun l di ng ti mc RNC cho nhng ch di ng c kt ni

GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)cha d liu thu bao nhn t HLR v

SGSN. C 2 loi d liu ging SGSN

Subscription information: IMSI, a ch PDP

Location information: a ch SGSN cho SGSN ni m MS ng k

GGSN hnh ng nh mt giao din ti mng d liu gi bn ngoi. N

chuyn i nhng gi GPRS n t SGSN thnh nh dng PDP (Packet Data

Protocol) tng ng v gi chng ra ngoi trn mng ngoi tng ng. Trong

hng ngc li, a ch PDP ca gi data n (l a ch IP ch) c chuyn ithnh a ch GSM ca ngi dng ch. GGSN cha a ch SGSN hin ti v

profile ca nhng ngi dng ng k vo thanh ghi nh v ca n. GGSN c kh

nng tp trung thng tin tnh cc cho cc mc ch thanh ton.

Ni chung, c mi quan h nhiu - nhiu gia SGSNs v GGSNs: Mt GGSN

giao din vi mt mng ngoi cn mt vi SGSNs; mt SGSN c thnh tuyn

nhiu gi ti nhiu GGSNs khc nhau.

2.2.2 Sphn bit Data/Voice trong BSS

PCU (the Packet Control Unit) c chc nng iu khin n MSC nu l voice ,iu khin n SGSN nu l in thoi GPRS. Chc nng khc ca PCU l :

Chia ra tng gi v lp li, trn 2 ng tch bit Downlink v Uplink

iu khin truy nhp

Lp danh sch tt c s truyn tch cc gm qun l knh v tuyn

iu khin truyn (kim sot, m, truyn li )

PCU c thc t trong mng BTS, BSC hoc ngay trc switch, v tr

thch hp l BSC

2.2.3 n viu khin knh (Channel Control Unit)

Coding

scheme

Speed

(kbit/s)

CS-1 8.0

CS-2 12.0


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CS-3 14.4

CS-4 20.0

Bng 1.1: Tc t CS-1 n CS-4Tc truyn ph thuc vo m ha knh. The least robust, nhng nhanh

nht, s phi hp m CS-4 (vng ph sng ca Cell chim 25%) l MS gn BTS,

khi CS-1(ph sng ca Cell chim 98%) robust nht th c dng khi MS i ra xa

hn tnh t BTS. Thit b mng mi c th adapt tc truyn tng ph thuc

vo v tr di ng.

C rt nhiu a ch, c th l BTS phn bit ngi dng GPRS v khng

dng GPRS. C mt vi xc nhn yu cu ca ngi dng nh cuc gi thng

thng, gi v nhn gi cm (bursty packet), chia s khe thi gian vi nhiu ngidng GPRS khc v to ra m CS(Coding Scheme)t CS1 ti CS4 nhng vic la

chn m li ph thuc vo cht lng khng kh. Mi mt CS li s dng mt hiu

chnh li ring ph hp vi tc d liu trn giao din khng kh.

Khi trin khai GPRS trong mng GSM, mi BTS cn nng cp phn mm

c kh nng thc hin nhng chc nng GPRS c th nh s dng CS1 ti CS4, h

tro lng knh v tuyn GPRS. Vic nng cp nhn v m ho knh (CCU

Channel Codec Unit) v lun c t BTS. CCU k tha mt vi chc nng

qun l v tuyn PCU nu latter khng c t BTS

2.2.4 Mng tng i roaming GPRS ( GPRS Roaming eXchange (GRX)

Network)

Hnh 2.2: Mng tng i Roaming GPRS (GRX)BG (the Border Gateway) Kim sot truyn gi gia cc mng GPRS PLMN,

Cung cp mc bo mt tng ng bo v PLMN v nhiu thu bao ca n


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2.3 Giao din trong mng GPRS

2.3.1 Giao din Gb gia BSS v SGSN

Khng ging vi giao din A, giao din Gb mi ngi dng c cp pht

ti nguyn duy nht trong sut thi gian tn ti cuc gi, khng quan tm n lung

thng tin, Giao din Gb cho php nhiu ngi dng c ghp trn cng mt ti

nguyn vt l

Bo hiu GPRS v d liu ngi dng c thc gi trn cng ti nguyn

vt l. Tc truy cp vi mi user thay i t d liu khng ti bng thng ln

nht c th (TS 4818 700)

Mng truy cp, kt ni PCU vi SGSN c chun ho lp 2. N chy giao

thc frame relay trn l p 2 v BSSGP, LLC v SNDCP trn nhng lp cao. Khi

BSSGP header c to bi BSS th nhng header l p trn c to bi MS.

Nhng header ny c truyn xuyn qua BSS.Gii hn ca GPRS, header dch v mng (layer 2) cha header ca giao thc

chuyn mch (FR Frame Relay: l mt dng pht d liu packet m giao din Gb

s dng gia PCU v SGSN) cng thm thng tin v kt ni o dch v mng so-

called. Quyt nh chuyn mch ch da trn header FR.

Khi giao thc lp 1 lung E1, n c th thit lp nhiu thay i ca kt ni

vt l gia PCU v SGSN.

Hnh 2.3: Nhng lp ca giao din Gb

2.3.2 Giao din Gr gia SGSN v HLRGiao din ny c dng trao i d liu lin quan ti nh v MS v ti

qun l thu bao. Dch v chnh l dch chuyn d liu gi. SGSN cho HLR bit v

tr ca MS. HLR gi ti SGSN tt c d liu cn h tr dch v ti thu bao di

ng


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2.3.3 Giao din Gn v Gp gia SGSN v GGSN

Nhng giao din ny h trtnh di ng gia SGSN v GGSN. Giao din Gn

c dng khi GGSN v SGSN cng trong mt PLMN. Giao din Gp c dng

nu GGSN v SGSN trong nhng PLMN khc nhau. Giao din Gn/Gp c mt b

phn m cho php SGSNs thng tin ti thu bao v d liu ngi dng, khi thay

i SGSN

Kt ni trong mng SGSN v GGSN c nh ngha cho ti l p 3. Mng

pht d liu ngi dng khung GTP ( GPRS Tunnelling Protocol), khung ny

c gi tip thnh UDP v IP. IP gip nh tuyn xuyn qua mng Gn t pht

khung GTP gia mt SGSN v mt GGSN. DNS cng s dng giao din ny

Giao din Gp l giao din da vo IP gia SGSN bn trong v GGSNs bn

ngoi. Gia SGSN v GGSN bn ngoi, c Border Gateway (ging nh mt

firewall). Cng s dng giao thc GTP2.3.4 Giao din Gc l ng bo hiu gia GGSN v HLR

GGSN s dng ng bo hiu khng bt buc ny (Gc) ly thng tin

nh v (v tr) v h trnhiu dch v cho thu bao di ng, c th kch hot a

ch mng d liu.

2.3.5 Giao din Gf gia SGSN v EIR

Gia SGSN v EIR l giao din Gf chc nng l trao i d liu, mc ch l

xc minh trng thi ca IMEI nhn c t MS.

2.3.6 Giao din Gs gia MSC/VLR v SGSNGiao thc ny cho php paging v s sn sng ca trm khi thc hin truyn

d liu. Khi trm attach ti mng GPRS, SGSN theo di vng nh tuyn (RA) m

trm attach. Mt RA l mt phn LA. Khi trm (station) c nh s th thng tin

ny l ti nguyn mng. Khi trm thc hin PDP context, SGSN c BTS ang c

s dng bi trm (station)


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2.4 Giao thc GPRS

Hnh 2.4: Giao thc ca GPRS

Chng 3 Cng ngh GSM/EDGE

3.1 S khc nhau v k thut gia GPRS v EDGE

K thut EDGEEDGE Enchanced Data rates for GSM Evolution hoc Enhanced GPRS

EGPRS : l k thut in thoi s cho php tng tc truyn data v truyn data

tin cy hn. c phn loi nh chun 2,75G khng chnh thc, v tc mng

chm hn

EDGE c gii thiu cho mng GSM trn khp th gii t nm 2003, bt

u Bc M. GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN)

EDGE l gii php tng tc d liu trn ng v tuyn GSM. EDGE

ch gii thiu mt k thut iu ch mi v m ho knh mi m c th pht c 2thoi chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh v dch v d liu. Do , EDGE l

thm vo GPRS v khng th lm vic mt mnh. GPRS v EDGE c giao thc

khc nhau v cch hot ng khc nhau trn BSS. Tuy nhin trn mng li, GPRS

v EGPRS cng chia s nhng giao thc x l gi v cch thc


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EDGE khng yu cu nhng thay i phn cng hoc phn mm trong

mng li GSM. Nhng n v thu pht tng thch vi EDGE phi c ci t

(installed) v BSS cn phi c nng cp h trEDGE. Phn cng u cui di

ng mi v phn mm yu cu phi gii m/m ho (decode/encode) iu ch mi

v phi hp m v mang tc d data user cao hn trin khai dch v mi

Hnh 3.1: EGPRS gii thiu nhng thay i trn BSS trong mng GPRS

Bng 3.1: GPRS v EDGE: So snh thng tin k thut (8PSK, 8-phase shift

keying; GMSK, Gaussian minimum shift keying; MSC, Modulation coding

scheme)

EDGE c th pht nhiu bit gp 3 ln GPRS trong mt chu k. y l l do

chnh cho tc bit EDGE cao hn. ITU nh ngha 384kbps l gii hn tc

d liu cho dch v thc hin chun IMT-2000 trong mi trng khng l tng.

384kbps tng ng vi 48kbps trn mi khe thi gian, gi s mt u cui c 8 khe

thi gian. K thut iu ch

GMSK Gaussian minimum shift keying l mt loi iu ch pha. K thut

ny tng ng l biu I/Q trong I l thc v Q l o, mi ln pht i bit 1

hoc 0 l pha thay i vi lng gia s + _ p, mi k t pht i tng ng l mt

bit, mi ln dch pha miu t mt bit


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tng tc bit cao hn th phng php iu ch phi thay i. EDGE

tn dng cu trc knh, b rng knh, m ho knh v nhng ccu ang tn ti v

tnh nng hot ng ca GPRS v HSCSD. Chun iu ch s dng trong EDGE l

8PSK (8-Phase Shift Keying)

Hnh 3.2: Biu I/Q ch ra nhng ch li iu ch ca EDGECoding and

modulation

scheme

(MCS)

Speed

(kbit/s/slot)Modulation

MCS-1 8.80 GMSK

MCS-2 11.2 GMSK

MCS-3 14.8 GMSK

MCS-4 17.6 GMSK

MCS-5 22.4 8-PSK

MCS-6 29.6 8-PSK

MCS-7 44.8 8-PSK

MCS-8 54.4 8-PSK

MCS-9 59.2 8-PSK

Bng 3.2: tc v iu ch ca MCS-1 ti MCS-9

Phng php iu ch 8PSK l phng php tuyn tnh, mt k t nh x ti

3 bit lin nhau trong I/Q plane. Do , tc d liu tng tng ln gp 3 ln.


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Khong cch gia nhng k t khc nhau trong 8PSK ngn hn so vi

GMSK. Khong cch ngn lm tng ri ro cho vic phn bit nhng k t trong

my thu, khi iu kin thi tit xu. Tuy nhin, nhng bit thm vo c dng

cng vo m hiu chnh li, thng tin hiu chnh c thc ly li. Ch di iu

kin mi trng xu GMSK c hiu qu hn. Do , EDGE coding scheme s dng

c GMSK v 8PSK

Thch nghi lin kt

Thch nghi lin kt s dng cht lng lin kt v tuyn, o bi MS trn ng

truyn downlink hoc bi BTS trn ng truyn uplink, chn MCS ph hp

nht cho vic pht nhng gi k tip.

3.2 Chun ho

Hon thnh chun EDGE: Chun EDGE c thc chia lm 3 vng

Chun ho nhng thay i lp vt l (nh ngha iu ch v CS)

Nhng thay i giao thc cho ECSD

EGPRS

chun EDGE v nhng tham kho

BSS ca EDGE cung cp platform thc hin k thut iu ch mi, trong khi

NSS ca EDGE nh ngha nhng thay i mng tho mn lp vt l. EDGE

cung cp 2 phase:

Phase 1: Nhng dch v chuyn mch gi n khe v a khe v nhng

dch v chuyn mch knh n khe v a khe Phase 2: Nhng dch v thi gian thc thc hin k thut iu ch mi

m khng b gp trong phase 1

Phase 1 c hon thnh R99 ca 3GPP

Phase 2 vn ang c tip tc bi chun 3GPP, v phm vi ca n c m

rng trong WCDMA v cung cp IMS


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Vi EDGE, nh khai thc c th trin khai nhng ng dng data khng dy,

gm a phng tin khng dy, e-mail, thng tin web v dch v nh v, cho

nhng ngi tiu dng v thng mi. Nhng thu bao c th duyt internet trn

in thoi di ng ca h, trgip k thut s c nhn hoc laptop tc ging

vi my tnh bn.

Hnh 3.4: Hi t nhiu chun khc nhau v EDGE

ECSD : Dch v HSCSD (high-speed circuit switched data) truyn data ch

chuyn mch knh trn vi khe thi gian c gi l ECSD (Enhanced circuit-

switched data). H trtc GSM hin ti (2,4kbps, 4,8kbps, 9,6kbps v 14,4kbps)

, CSs mi kt hp vi iu ch mi, cho php tc data :28,8kbps, 32kbps v

43,2kbps trn mi khe thi gian. V vy, ECSD h trdi ng a khe trn 4 khe

thi gian c tht ti tc 172,8kbps, ECSD s dng s thch ng lin kt ng

adapt ht kh nng ti nhng iu kin v tuyn

EDGE classic l s pht trin t GPRS ln EDGE cn c gi l EGPRS. EGPRS

da vo kin trc mng GPRS, tc ln ti 475kbps cho my thu h trRx trn 8

khe thi gian.EDGE compact l s pht trin IS-136 U.S, bng tn s ging nh D-AMPS

800MHz

Chng 4 Cng ngh UMTS Release 99

4.1 Tng quan v UMTS (l 3G)

CDMA c dng trong mng IMT-2000 3G l WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) v

cdma2000.

- WCDMA l i th ca cdma2000 v l mt trong 2 chun 3G, tri ph rng hn

i vi CDMA do c th pht v nhn thng tin nhanh hn v hiu qu hn.

- Chu u, mng 3G WCDMA c bit nh l UMTS (Universal Mobile

Telephony System) l mt ci tn khc cho W-CDMA/dch v 3G.


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UMTS s dng WCDMA, WCDMA nh chun pht v tuyn. N c bng

thng knh l 5 MHz, c th mang 100 cuc gi cng mt lc, hoc n c th mang

d liu ti 2 Mbps. Tuy nhin, vi s tng cng HSDPA v HSUPA chnh l

trong nhng release sau ny (R99/R4/R5/R6) ca chun, tc pht d liu tng ti

14,4 Mbps

Hnh 4.1: Vng ph sng ca UMTS

UMTS cho php c 2 ch FDD v TDD. Chu tin l FDD l uplink

v downlink trn cc tn s khc nhau. Khng gian gia chng l 190MHz cho

mng band 1. TDD uplink v downlinkc chia theo thi gian vi nhng trm

cs (base station) v sau di ng pht ln lt trn cng tn s, c bit ph

hp ti nhiu loi ng dng khc nhau. N cng thc hin nhng cell nh. Thi

gian bo vc yu cu gia pht v thu. H thng TDD c th hiu qu khi s

dng trong picocell mang d liu internet.

Tn s: hin ti c 6 bng s dng cho UMTS/WCDMA, tp trung vo UMTS tn

s c p pht trong 2 bng Uplink (1885 2025)MHz v Downlink (2110 2200)

MHz. Bn trong nhng bng ny nhiu s phn chia c d tr cho nhng ng

dng khc.- (1920 1980) v (2110 2170)MHz FDD (FDD, WCDMA) ghp thnh cp

uplink v downlink, bng thng l 5MHz v vch qut l 200kHz, mt nh khai

thc cn 3-4 knh (2 x 15MHz hoc 2 x 20MHz) c th xy dng mng tc

cao, dung lng cao


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Phng thc TDD s dng cng mt knh tn s mang thng tin theo hai hng

ti cc khe thi gian lun phin.

Truyn song cng phn chia theo tn s(FDD Frequency Division Duplex)

Hng xung: Downlink Hng thun: Forward channel

Hng ln: Uplink Hng ln: Reverse Channel

Phng thc FDD s dng knh tn shai bng tn khc nhau mang thng tin

theo hai hng

4.2 Nhng phn tmi trong R99

Hnh 4.2: Nhng phn tmi cho mng UMTS

Csh tng GPRS c dng pht dch v SMS v WAP ti c 2 ngi dng

GSM v UMTS, GPRS l ci cu gia 2G v 3G


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Mt phn ca mng GSM/GPRS vn c s dng, nhng mt s thnh phn

mi phi c trin khai cho UMST.s

Thit b user (UE): c th h trmt hoc nhiu chun v tuyn v cha USIM.

N ng thi l bn sao ti Node B, RNC v CN

Ging nh Node B, UE x l tn hiu v tuyn. Nhim v tnh ton chuyn

su gm sa li, tri ph v iu ch tn hiu tip tc l khuych i nng lng.

Ging vi RNC, MS tham gia vo bo hiu cho vic thit lp kt ni v gii

phng cn thm thc hin chuyn giao. thc hin c mc ch ny, n o

cng mi trng nhn c t nhng cell hng xm v pht gi tro c ti

RNC. Vic mt m v gii mt m thng tin cng xy ra vi RNC trong UE.

RNC ( Radio Network Controller) l mt thit b mng trong PLMN vi chc nng

iu khin mt vi Node B. RNC ging nh BSC v m ng chc nng qun l

ti nguyn trong tt c cell gn ti n( cp pht knh, handover, iu khin nnglng). Mt s lng ln giao thc gia UE v RAN c trin khai trong RNC.

Hnh 4.3: Kin trc phn truy nhp

Chc nng chnh ca RNC l qun l knh v tuyn (trn Uu-, hoc air-, interface)

v knh terrestrial ( hng v MGW v SGSN). Chc nng qun l ti nguyn vtuyn gm.

- iu khin tha nhn cuc gi: K thut pht CDMA cung cp mt s lng

ln knh giao din v tuyn. RNC phi tnh ton ti lu lng hin ti trong

mi cell ring bit. Thng tin cbn, CAC (Call Admission Control) xc nh


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mc nhiu sau khi knh yu cu ang s dng l chp nhn, nu cn thit, loi

b knh

- Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn. RNC qu l ti nguyn v tuyn trong tt c nhng

cell c gn trong n. Thm vo l lp k hoch s dng knh, cng vic

gm tnh ton nhiu v mc tn dng v iu khin u tin

- Thit lp v gii phng radio bearer: Radio bearer l knh d liu ngi dng

trong tng truy cp trn phn lp RLC. RNC chu trch nhip thit lp, duy tr

v gii phng bearer theo yu cu

- Cp pht m: M CDMA trong UMTS c qun l bi cy m. RNC cp pht

mt phn m trong cy m ti MS v c th thay i cp pht trong xut tin

trnh kt ni

- iu khin nng lng: Hot ng hiu qu ca mng CDMA l nng lng

pht ca tt c user biu khin. Quy trnh iu khin nhanh thc tc ttrong Node B nhng gi triu khin ch c n nh RNC. Da vo gi tr

nhiu o c, thng tin t cc cell khc v trong mt vi trng h p th da

vo RNC boundaries

- Lch trnh gi: Bng cch pht d liu chuyn mch gi, nhiu MS cng chia s

ti nguyn giao din v tuyn. RNC c chc nng cp pht dung lng pht

ti nhiu trm ring bit.

- Handover: Da vo gi tro lng t Node B v UE, RNC pht hin cell khc

tt hn ph hp cho kt ni hin ti. RNC quyt nh n handover, chu trchnhim bo hiu vi cell mi v thng tin cho MS knh mi.

- Xy dng li SRNS: C th MS s di chuyn ra ngoi vng qun l bi RNC.

Trong trng hp ny, RNC khc phi tha nhn iu khin kt ni

- Vit li mt m: D liu ti t mng cnh pht trn giao din v tuyn

phi c vit li mt m trong RNC.

- Chuyn i giao thc: RNC phi x l thng tin gia CN, RNC hng xm v

Node B c kt ni.

- Chuyn mch ATM: ng thng tin gia nhng Node B v RNC, gia nhng

RNC v gia RNC v CN l da vo nh tuyn ATM. RNC c th phi chuyn

mch v kt ni ti kt ni ATM cho php thng tin gia nhng node khc

nhau.


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- O & M: Tm tt ny cha ng nhng chc nng hnh chnh phc t p trong

qun l mng. D liu c sn phi c pht trn giao din c nh ngha ti

OMC (Operation and Maintenance Centre)

Node B: Tng ng vi BTS. Nhim v kt ni trc ti p giao din v tuyn

c x l BTS. u vo n t RNC. Node B c th qun l mt hoc mt vi

cell, Node B gm mt b thu CDMA chuyn i tn hiu v tuyn thnh dng d

liu v sau hng n ti RNC trn giao din Iub. Trong hng ngc li, b

pht CDMA chun b d liu u vo cho vn chuyn trn giao din v tuyn v

nh tuyn n ti b khuych i nng lng.

C 3 loi Node B tng ng vi 2 ch UTRA: UTRA-FDD Node B,

UTRA-TDD Node B v Dual-mode Node B

Hin nay, Node B lin kt ti RNC l qua lin kt ATM. Khong cch ln c

th gia Node B v RNC v khong thi gian x l, nhim v thi gian then chtkhng c cha trong RNC: iu ny bao gm iu iu khin nng lng vng

lp trong (ILPC Inner Loop Power Control) trong mng CDMA tt c ngi

dng cng nhn mt cng tn hiu.

RNC phi c mt bc tranh chnh xc tnh hung hin ti c th trong cell

a ra quyt inh handover, iu khin nng lng v iu khin tha nhn cuc

gi. V vy, MS v Node B thc hin o cht lng kt ni v mc nhiu v pht

kt qu ti RNC.

Trong trng hp c bit ca chuyn giao mm, tch hoc kt hp nhng chuid liu ca nhiu sector khc nhau cng c x l trong Node B

4.3 Giao din mi trong R99

4.3.1 Giao din Iu gia UTRAN CN

Iu l giao din mchia h thng thnh UTRAN v CN, x l chuyn mch,

nh tuyn v iu khin dch v. Iu c 3 trng hp khc nhau: Iu CS l kt ni

UTRAN ti CS CN; Iu PS l kt ni UTRAN ti PS CN; Iu Broadcast (Iu BC)

c dng h trdch v qung b cell

4.3.2 Giao din Iu CS


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Hnh 4.4: Cu trc giao thc Iu CS

Lp vt l l giao din vi mi trng vt l: Cp quang, lin kt v tuyn hoc cp

ng. Trin khai lp vt l c thc chn t nhiu k thut pht chun nh

SONET, STM1, hoc E1

Cm giao thc Control Plane gm RANAP, nh ca giao thc SS7 bng

rng. Lp ph hp l:SCCP, MTP3-B v lp thch hp bo hiu ATM (SAAL) cho

giao din mng - mng (SAAL-NNI gm SSCF, SSCOP, AAL5). L p SSCF v

SSCOP c thit k vn chuyn bo hiu trong mng ATM, qun l kt ni bo

hiu. AAL5 gip phn on d liu ti nhng cell ATM

Cm giao thc Transport Network Control Plane bao gm giao thc bo hiu

thit lp kt ni AAL2 (Q.2630.1 v lp thch hp Q.2150.1), trn cng l giao

thc SS7 bng rng

Cm User Plane: Kt ni AAL2 c dnh cho mi dch v CS ring.


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4.3.3 Giao din Iu PS

Hnh 4.5: Cu trc giao thc Iu PS

Cm Control Plane gm RANAP, v vt mang bo hiu SS7, vt mang bo

hiu IP (gm M3UA (c SS7), SCTP, IP, v AAL5). SCTP c chc nng vn

chuyn bo hiu trong internet.

Transport Network Control Plane khng hiu qu vi Iu PS, vic a ra

tunnel GTP ch cn mt b nhn dng tunnel v a ch IP cho c 2 hng, v chng

c gp vo bn tin phn nh RANAP RAB. Iu CS cng s dng nhng thnh

phn tin tc ny nh a ch v nhn dng bo hiu AAL2 c dng cho d

liu user plane.

User Plane, nhiu dng d liu gi c ghp trn mt hoc mt vi kt ni

o AAL5. Phn User Plane ca giao thc tunnelling GPRS l cung cp nhiu nhn

dng cho lung d liu gi ring. Mi lung s dng vn chuyn khng kt ni

UDP v a ch IP

4.3.4 Giao din Iu BCGiao din ny kt ni RNC vi min qung b ca CN, c tn l trung tm

qung b cell. c dng nh ngha thng tin qung b cell c pht ti

ngi dng di ng qua dch v qung b cell


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Service Area Broadcast Protocol (SABP) cung cp sc cha cho trung tm

qung b cell trong CN nh ngha, sa i v xo bn tin qung b cell t RNC.

SABP c nhng chc nng sau:

X l bn tin: qung b bn tin mi, ci to nhng bn tin qung b ang

tn ti v dng qung b bn tin c th

X l ti: Xc nh ti ca knh qung b bt k mt im c th trong

thi gian cui cng

Reset: Cho php trung tm qung b cell kt thc qung b trong m

hoc nhiu vng dch v hn

4.3.5 Giao din Iur gia RNC RNC

Hnh 4.6: Nhm giao thc ca giao din Iur. C 2 schn la cho vnchuyn bo hiu RNSAP: Nhm SS7 (SCCP v MTP3-B) v vn chuynSCTP/IP. 2 giao thc User plane (DCH: dedicatedd channel; CCH: Commonchannel)

Giao din ny c thit k h tr chuyn giao mm trong inter-RNC, nhiu

c im c thm vo trong xut qu trnh pht chun, hin ti, giao din Iurcung cp nhng chc nng ring bit l:

1. H trs di ng inter-RNC cs

2. H trlu lng knh chuyn dng (dedicated)

3. H trlu lng knh chung (common)

4. H trqun l ton b ti nguyn.


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V l do trn, giao thc bo hiu Iur (RNSAP) c chia thnh 4 module. Ni

chung, n ch c th trin khai mt trong 4 module gia 2 RNC, tu theo s cn

thit ca nh vn hnh.

Iur1: H trtnh lu ng inter-RNC cs. Chc nng ny yu cu module c

bn ca bo hiu RNSAP. Vin gch u tin ny dnh cho vic xy dng giao

din Iur chc nng cn thit cho s di ng ca user gia 2 RNC, nhng khng

h trvic trao i lu lng d liu user. Nhng chc nng a ra bi module

csgm:

H trxy dng li SRNC

H trcell bn trong RNC v update vng ng k UTRAN

H tr nh s gi trong RNC

Thng bo li giao thc

Iur2: H trlu lng knh chuyn dngChc nng ny yu cu module knh chuyn dng ca bo hiu RNSAP v cho

php lu lng knh chuyn dng v knh chia s gia 2 RNCs. u tin l h tr

trng thi chuyn giao mm inter-RNC, cho php vic mc ni ca SRNC.

Giao thc khung cho knh chuyn dng, trong DCH FP ngn, nh ngha cu

trc khung d liu l mang d liu ngi dng v khung iu khin dng trao

i thng tin o lng v iu khin. V th, giao thc ny cng nh r nhng bn

tin n v nhng th tc. Khung d liu ngi dng c nh tuyn xuyn qua

DRNC.Nhng chc nng c a ra bi module Iur DCH l:

Thit lp, sa i v gii phng knh chuyn dng v chia s trong DRNC

v nhng chuyn giao trong trng thi knh chuyn dng

Thit lp v gii phng nhng kt ni vn chuyn chuyn dng ngang qua

giao din Iur

Dch chuyn nhng khi vn chuyn DCH gia SRNC v DRNC

Qun l lin kt v tuyn trong DRNS, qua th tc thng bo o lng

chuyn dng, th tc iu chnh nng lng v th tc iu khin ch

nn

Iur 3: H trlu lng knh chung.

Chc nng ny cho php x l chui d liu knh chung (v d. RACH, FACH

v CPCH) ngang qua giao din Iur. N yu cu module knh vn chuyn chung ca

giao thc RNSAP v giao thc khung knh vn chuyn chung (CCH FP).


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chuyn dng). Mt im cui lu lng iu khin mt s my di ng c nhng

ti nguyn chuyn dng trong Node B, v lu lng tng ng c chxuyn qua

cng d liu chuyn dng. Nhng cng d liu chung bn ngoi nhng im cui

lu lng, c s dng chRACH, FACH v lu lng PCH.

Hnh 4.8: M hnh logic ca Node B i vi FDD

Ch : mt im cui lu lng c thiu khin nhiu hn mt cell, v mt

cell c th biu khin nhiu hn mt im cui lu lng.

Bo hiu giao din Iub (NBAP) c chia thnh 2 thnh phn: NBAP chung (C-

NBAP), ci ny nh ngha th tc bo hiu ngang qua lin kt bo hiu chung, v

NBAP chuyn dng (D-NBAP), c dng trong lin kt bo hiu chuyn dng

Nhm giao thc User Plane nh ngha cu trc nhng khung v th tc iu

khin trong bng cho mi loi knh vn chuyn. Bo hiu Q.2630.1 c dng cho

qun l ng kt ni AAL2 trong User Plane.


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5.1 Gii thiu

Trong Release 99 UMTS,nh vi GPRS/GSM, mng li chia lm 2 phn: Mng chuyn mch knh ( tt c MSC/VLR v GMSC)

Mng chuyn mch gi (tt c SGSN/SLR v GGSN)

Do , nh khai thc mng phi install, cu hnh v bo tr 2 mng ny. tng ca

R4 UMTS l ho hp 2 mng thnh mt phn tn. thnh cng ta cn c 3 s

chn la

1) vn chuyn trn mng chuyn mch knh. Trong mng GSM, vic phn cp

ti nguyn cng nhc dn n mng ny khng ph hp cho nhng ng dng

vn chuyn data2) vn chuyn trn mng ATM. V mt l thuyt th n l gii php d nht, v

ATM ph hp cho vn chuyn nhng ng dng thi gian thc v khng,

3) vn chuyn trn mng chuyn mch gi, mng IP. l gii php c

ngh bi R4. V th, VoIP phi c trin khai cho php vn chuyn lu

lng thoi c ng gi (packetized)

Hnh 5.1: Khi nim mng n i vi R4 UMTS


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Hnh 5.2: Nhng phn tmi cho mng UMTS R4

chuyn i bo hiu SS7 gia cc mng cn thm 2 gateway

Cng bo hiu vn chuyn T-SGW: Cng ny thng chuyn i bo hiu

lin quan ti call ( nh thit lp v hu call) gia PSTN (SS7) hoc PLMN

pre-R4 v mng R4

Cng bo hiu roaming R-SGW: Cng ny thc hin vic chuyn i bo

hiu (cho roaming, qun l di ng) gia bo hiu cbn SS7 ca mng pre-

4 v bo hiu cbn IP ca mng R4

5.2 Kin trc chuyn mch mm R4

Kin trc chuyn mch mm l s phn bit chc nng chuyn mch v iu

khin cuc gi. Thnh phn iu khin cuc gi l MSC server, trong trng hp

ny l chuyn mch mm. Vic phn bit nhng chc nng ny khin cho MSC

server chia t l mng d dng hn, v d nh yu cu lu lng tng ln. Nu nh

trin khai mng yu cu dung lng chuyn mch nhiu hn, ch cn thm MGW;

nu h yu cu dung lng iu khin cuc gi nhiu hn, ch cn thm MSCserver.

i vi R4, chc nng MSC ca GSM c chia ra thnh 2 thnh phn;

MSC server v MGW


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5.2.1 MSC server

MSC server thc hin nhng chc nng nhiu khin cuc gi (thit lp v

hu cuc gi), v qun l di ng v mt duy tr ni ng k trong vng iu khin

ca n. MSC server tch hp vi VLR, v n lm d thng tin v tr cng nh d

liu CAMEL i vi thu bao. Nhng chc nng ca MSC server gm:

iu chnh vic ng k nhiu di ng cung ng cho vic qun l di

ng

Cung cp nhng chc nng xc nhn

nh tuyn cuc gi gc ti ch

nh tuyn cuc gi ch bng vic dng k thut nh s ti nhng di

ng ring bit

MSC server hon thnh vic bo hiu t mng di ng trn giao din Iu ti b

iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC). N cng iu khin vic thit l p nhng vtmang qua mng li ca n bng vic dng MGW

Vic chn la trin khai kt ni cn c mi quan h nhiu - nhiu (m:n) gia

MSC server v MGW, chnh iu ny cho php cp pht hiu qu ti nguyn ngi

dng v MSC server c th cn bng ti gia nhiu MGW. Ngoi ra, nhng giao

thc chun ho cng c s dng: Q.BICC hoc SIP-T ( cho bo hiu trong

MSC); H.248/MeGaCo ( cho bo hiu MSC server ti MGW)

5.2.2 Media gateway (MGW)

MGW bin dch lu lng phng tin gia nhng loi mng khc nhau.Chc nng ca MGW gm:

Chm dt nhng knh mang t mng chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch

gi

Xo echo cho mch chuyn mch knh

Bin dch phng tin t mt dng CODEC ti mt dng khc, v d nh

t G.711 ti G.729

H trchn la chc nng cu truyn hnh

Mi MGW c iu khin bi mt hoc mt vi MSC server

5.2.3 Gateway MSC server (GMSC server)

GMSC server ging vi GMSC trong GSM v chc nng iu khin cuc

gi. N lm vic trong s kt hp vi HLR cho php:

Nhng cuc gi t bn ngoi mng ca nh khai thc c nh tuyn ti

MSC server tng ng


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Nhng cuc gi bn trong mng ca nh khai thc c nh hng vo

mng PSTN

GMSC server s dng nhng dch v ca MGW iu khin vic thit lp

nhng knh mang truyn qua mng li CS v kt thc knh mang chuyn mch

knh.

PSTN

BSC

A

MSC-SB

MSC-SA

TRAU

Trans-CoderA

BSC

B

TRAU

Trans-CoderB

Ater Ater

Nc

A A

PSTN

PoI BPoI A

Call Control Signalling A and TDM Interface: 64kb/sAter Interface

PoI: Point of Interconnect

A A

ISUP ISUP

TDM TDM

RNCA

MGWA

Trans-Coder

A

MGWB

Trans-Coder

B

RNCB

Iu Iu

Iu Iu

Nb

Mc Mc

Iu and Nb Interface

Hnh 5.3: Kin trc mng BICC vi giao din A v Iu

5.3 Nhng giao din mi trong R4

C th trin khai giao din Nb trn mng ATM.Giao din Mc da vo

MEGACO. Giao thc ny nh a ch mi quan h gia MGW( chuyn i voice

chuyn mch knh ti lu lng gi cbn) v MSC server (ra lnh logic dch v

ca lu lng )

5.3.1 Giao din Mc: (G)MSC server ti CS-MGW

N h trvic phn ly nhng phn tiu khin cuc gi khi nhng phntiu khin vt mang, v phn ly nhng phn tiu khin vt mang khi nhng

phn t vn chuyn. N s dng giao thc Megaco H.248/IETF

N c nhng c tnh sau:


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6.1 UMTS Realease 5: Gii thiu IMS

UMTS R5 a mng li tin 1 bc xa hn v nh ngha mt kit trc chomng ton IP tu cui - u cui. MSC v giao din IuCS khng c yu cu

trong mng R5. Thit b user thng tin vi IMS l qua SGSN v GGSN. Li ca

IMS gm c mt s node l CSCF. CSCF v cbn l kin trc SIP, SIP l mt

trong nhng giao thc li cho dch v k thu VoIP

IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem ) c thit k bi chun khng dy, vic

mrng ny c cp nht bi 3GPP, 3GPP2 v TISPAN nhm h trnhng mng

khc bit hn vi GPRS, nh WLAN, CDMA2000 v mng cnh. IMS khng

mong i t chun ho nhng ng dng, nhng gip truy cp nhng ng dunga phng tin v voice bng u cui khng dy v c dy, tc l gip kiu

hi t di ng cnh (FMC).iu ny c thc hin bi lp iu khin ngang

cch li mng truy cp khi lp dch v.

Ni dung trong Release 5 chia lm 4 phn: IMS; Ipv6, IP transport in

UTRAN; Improvements in GERAN, MExE; HSDPA

6.1.1 Nhng phn tmi trong R5

Hnh 6.1: H thng pha truy nhm ( IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) )

6.1.1.1 CSCF Call Session Control Function

CSCF chu trch nhim iu khin phin v l im iu khen cho nhng chc

nng sau:

Nhn thc ngi dng


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nh tuyn cuc gi

Thit lp QoS trn mng IP

Kim tra s pht sinh ca h schi tit cuc gi (CDR) cho mc nh tnh

chi ph

Tt c nhng bo hiu iu khin call/session trong IMS c thc hin bi giao

thc SIP. C 3 loi CSCF c nh ngha l: P-CSCF, S-CSCF v I-CSCF. Mi

mng s cung cp nhiu CSCF i vi mi loi. Chnh iu ny cho php chia s ti

v h trtng tin cy xuyn sut vic s dng nhiu server d phng.

Proxy CSCF (P-CSCF)

y l im lin lc u tin cho bao hiu cuc gi n t UE. P-CSCF

hng bo hiu cuc gi ti S-CSCF. i vi thu bao roaming, P-CSCF sc

t trong mng ln cn, hoc c th hn i vi ngi dng n (given user) th P-

CSCF sc t trong cng mng. P-CSCF cng chu trch nhim kim tra spht sinh ca CDRi vi nhng cuc gi di ng gc

Serving CSCF (S-CSCF)

S-CSCF thc thi iu khin call/session v tnh chi ph cho thu bao n

(given subscriber). S-CSCF lun lun c t trong mng ni b ca thu bao.

iu ny c ngha l tt c nhng bo hiu cuc gi di ng gc u c nh

tuyn qua mng ni b ca ngi dng.

Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF)

I-CSCF c t ng bin gii ca IMS, v hot ng nh mt im ivo cho bo hiu SIP n t mng bn ngoi ca nh khai thc. Bo hiu ny c th

l:

Yu cu thit lp cuc gi SIP dnh ti thu bao thuc mng ca nh khai

thc

Yu cu thit lp cuc gi SIP dnh ti thu bao roaming trong mng ca

nh khai thc

Yu cu ng k, th I-CSCF chu trch nhim chnh S-CSCF cho thu

bao. S chn la S-CSCF c thc thc hin l ph thuc vo nhn dng

ca thu bao (a ch SIP hoc IMSI), x l nhng nn tng chia s ti hoc

s dng vic xp sp server chnh/ server d phng.


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6.1.1.2 MGCF v MGW

MGCF l mt cng cho php thng tin gia nhng ngi dng IMS v CS.

Tt c bo hiu iu khin cuc gi n t ngi dng CS c dnh ti MGCF,

ni thc hin chuyn i giao thc gia ISUP (ISDN User Part), hoc BICC, v

giao thc SIP v hng phin ti IMS. Trong cng kiu cch , tt c nhng

phin IMS gc hng ngi dng CS i ngang qua MGCF. MGCF cng iu khin

nhng knh phng tin vo trong thc th user-plane c kt hp, CIMS-MGW

(IMS Media Gateway). Thm vo , MGCF c th thng bo thng tin thanh ton

ti CCF.

6.1.1.3 HSS (Home Subscriber Server)

HSS cha csd liu chnh ca tt c thu bao trn mng v cha nhng

thng tin sau:

Thng tin nhn dng (sin thoi ca ngi dng, a ch SIP, IMSI) Thng tin bo mt ( Kho nhn thc bo mt)

Thng tin v tr ( hin ti phc v cho GGSN, SRNC, a ch IP)

Thng tin tiu s ngi dng

N cng c chu trch nhim to ra thng tin bao mt nh yu cu cao hn v nhn

thc v tnh ton vn v nhng kho mt m. HSS st nhp vi HLR/AuC, c

nh ngha trong nhng Release trc v cung cp nhng dch cho 3 min, nh sau:

Nhn thc, m t s lc dch v v thng tin v tr cho IMS ( dch v cho

CSCF) Dch v HLR/AuC cho min chuyn mch gi ( dch v cho SGSN v

GGSN)

Dch v HLR/AuC cho min CS (dch v cho MSC server R4)

6.1.1.4 AS (Application Server)

AS cung cp nhng dch v gia tng ti thu bao. N c th l bt k th g

t khi nhn dch v phim nh (truyn hnh theo yu cu) cung cp nhng dch v

thoi v hm th truyn hnh

6.1.1.5 BGCF (Breakout Gateway Control Function)

BGCF chu trch nhim chn ni m s g(tho) ti min CS xy ra. Kt

qu ca tin trnh chn la c th l trong cng mt mng (ni m BGCF )

hoc mng khc. nu s gxy ra trong cng mng, sau BGCF chn la MGCF

x l mt phin. Nu s gt mng khc, sau BGCF hng phin ti

BGCF khc trong mng c chn. Quy tc chn la thc t khng r rng. Thm


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vo , BGCF c th thng bo thng tin tnh ton ti CCF v tp hp thng tin

thng k.

6.1.1.6 MRF (Multimedia Resource Function)

MRF c to thnh t 2 thnh phn, biu khin MRF v b x l MRF,

v chu trch nhim cung cp nhng chc nng nh:

Ho nhp nhiu phng tin thc hin hi ngh hnh nh/thoi (cu truyn

hnh)

Cung cp nhng thng bo a phng tin

x l dng phng tin v d nh chuyn m audio

Chc nng ca MRF c chia thnh MRFC v MRFP, Giao din gia 2 thnh

phn b iu khin bi giao thc H.248/MEGACO. MRFC nhn bo hiu iu

khin cuc gi qua giao thc SIP (v d nh thit lp cu truyn hnh gia mt

sng nghip)MRFC cn thit cho vic h trnhng dch v knh mang lin quan, nh hi

ngh, nhng thng bo ti ngi dng hoc chuyn m knh mang. MRFC gii

thch bo hiu SIP nhn c qua S-CSCF v s dng nhng ch dn MEGACO

(Media Gateway Control protocol) iu khin MRFP. MRFC c th gi thng

tin thanh ton ti CCF v OCS.

MRFP cung cp nhng ti nguyn user-plane m c yu cu v ch dn bi

MRFC. MRFP thc hin nhng chc nng sau:

Trn nhng lung phng tin n Ngun lung phng tin (i vi nhng thng bo a phng tin)

X l lung phng tin (v d, chuyn m audio, phn tch phng tin)

6.1.1.7 SLF (Subscription Location Function)

SLF c dng nh l mt ccu quyt nh cho php I-CSCF, S-CSCF v

AS tm a ch HSS, ni cha d liu thu bao nhn dng ngi dng n khi

nh khai thc mng trin khai nhiu a ch HSS

6.1.1.8 Cng bo hiu (SGW)

SGW c dng ni lin nhng mng bo hiu khc nhau, nh mng bo

hiu SCTP/IP v mng bo hiu SS7. SGW thc hin chuyn i bo hiu (bng 2

cch) mc vn chuyn gia SS7 v IP (gia Sigtran SCTP/IP v SS7 MTP). SGW

khng phin dch nhng bn tin lp ng dng (v d, BICC, ISUP)


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6.1.1.9 Cng bo mt

Hnh 6.2: Chuyn i bo hiu trong SGW

bo v lu lng control-plane gia nhng min bo mt, lu lng si

xuyn qua SEG trc khi vo hoc ri khi min bo mt. Min bo mt tham

chiu ti mng b qun l bi quyn lc hnh chnh n. c trng, iu ny xy ra

ng thi vi nhng ng bin nh khai thc. SEG c t ng bin ca

min bo mt v n khin cho iu khon bo mt ca min bo mt hiu qu khi

hng ti SEG khc trong min bo mt ch. Nh khai thc mng c th c nhiu

hn mt SEG trong mng trnh xa mt li n hoc v nhng l do thc hin.

6.1.1.10 PDF (Policy Decision Function)

PDF chu trch nhim to ra nhng quyt nh ng li l da vo phin v

thng tin phng tin lin quan thu c t P-CSCF. N hnh ng nh mt imquyt nh ng li i vi s iu chnh SBLP. Sau y l chc nng ca n i

vi SBLP l:

Cha phin v thng tin phng tin lin quan (a ch IP, s cng, bng

thng)

Pht th cho php nhn ra PDF v phin

Cung cp quyt nh cho php tuy theo phin c tch tr v thng tin phng

tin lin quan da vo vic nhn yu cu nhn thc vt mang t GGSN

Cp nht quyt nh nhn thc ti nhng sa i phin m lm thay i phin vthng tin phng tin lin quan

Kh nng thu hi quyt nh nhn thc bt k thi im no

Kh nng cho php s dng vn mng nhn thc (v d, giao thc gi, hoc

PDP, context)


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Kh nng ngn vic s dng vt mang nhn thc (v d, PDP context trong

khi duy tr nhn thc)

bo cho P-CSCF khi vt mang b mt hoc gim bt. Du hiu sa i ch

c a ra khi vt mang c nng cp hoc gim cp t hoc ti 0kbps

cho qua b nhn dng IMS-charging ti GGSN v qua b nhn dng

GPRS-charging ti P-CSCF

Hnh 6.3: Kin trc IMS6.1.2 Nhng giao din trong kin trc IMS

Cx l kt ni gia HSS v CSCF (I-CSCF v S-CSCF). Gio thc cho giao

din Cx da vo DIAMETER. Giao thc s dng phng php query/response, t

y nhng yu cu c gi ti csd liu HSS, HSS phn ng li bng thng

tin v thu bao. Giao thc cng c thc dng bi I-CSCF hoc S-CSCF cp

nht gi tr vo csd liu HSS. Nhng kiu truyn c h trl:

1. Giy php ng k cho thu bao (I-CSCF - HSS)

2. Cu hi v nhng hng nhn thc cho thu bao (S-CSCF - HSS)

3. Khai bo tnh trng ang k ( S-CSCF - HSS)4. Xo tn ng k ca mang khi u (HSS - S-CSCF)

5. Cu hi v tr i vi thu bao (I-CSCF - HSS) l quyt nh nh tuyn

cuc gi i vo d tr dnh ring cho thu bao thuc vo mng ny

6. Cp nht slc tiu s ca ngi dng (HSS - S-CSCF)


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Miu t nhng giao din

Interface

NameIMS entities Description Protocol

Cr MRFC, ASc dng bi MRFC rt radocuments (scripts and nhng tinguyn khc) t AS

HTTP overdedicatedTCP/SCTPchannels

CxI-CSCF, S-CSCF,HSS

Dng thng tin gia I-CSCF/S-CSCF v HSS

Diameter

DhSIP AS, OSA,SCF, IM-SSF,HSS

Dng bi AS tim ra ng HSStrong mi trng nhiu HSS

Diameter

Dx I-CSCF, S-CSCF,SLF

Dng bi I-CSCF/S-CSCF tmng HSS trong mi trng nhiuHSS

Diameter

Gm UE, P-CSCFDng trao i nhng bn tin giaUE v CSCFs

SIP

Go PDF, GGSN

Cho php nh khai thc iu chnhQoS trong user plane v trao i thngtin tch cc tng ng gia mngIMS v GPRS

COPS (Rel5),Diameter(Rel6+)

Gq P-CSCF, PDFDng trao i thng tin decision-related mt cch kho lo gia P-CSCF v PDF

Diameter

ISCS-CSCF, I-CSCF,AS

Dng trao i ban tin gia CSCF vAS

SIP

Ma I-CSCF -> ASDng hng nhng yu cu SIPtrc tip ti nhn dng dch v cngcng c qun l bi AS

SIP

Mg MGCF -> I-CSCFMGCF bin i bo hiu ISUP thnh

bo hiu SIP v hng bo hiu SIPti I-CSCF

SIP

Mi S-CSCF -> BGCF

Dng trao i nhng bn tin gia

S-CSCF v BGCF SIP

Mj BGCF -> MGCFDng trao i bn tin gia BGCFv MGCF trong cng mng IMS

SIP

Mk BGCF -> BGCFDng trao i bn tin gia nhngBGCF trong nhng mng IMS khcnhau

SIP


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MmI-CSCF, S-CSCF,external IPnetwork

Dng cho vic trao i nhng bn tingia mng IMS v mng IP bn ngoi

Not specified

Mn MGCF, IM-MGWCho php vic iu khin ti nguyn

user-plane

H.248

Mp MRFC, MRFPDng trao i nhng bn tin giaMRFC v

H.248

Mr S-CSCF, MRFCDng trao i nhng bn tin giaS-CSCF v MRFC

SIP

MwP-CSCF, I-CSCF,S-CSCF

Dng trao i nhng bn tin gianhng CSCF

SIP

Rf

P-CSCF, I-CSCF,S-CSCF, BGCF,MRFC, MGCF,AS

Dng trao i thng tin tnh ccoffline vi

Diameter

Ro AS, MRFCDng trao i thng tin tnh cconline vi ECF

Diameter

ShSIP AS, OSASCS, HSS

Dng trao i thng tin gia SIPAS/OSA v HSS

Diameter

Si IM-SSF, HSSDng trao i thng tin gia IM-SSF v HSS

MAP

Sr MRFC, ASDng bi MRFC gi ra documents(scripts v nhng ti nguyn khc) tAS

HTTP

UtUE, AS (SIP AS,OSA SCS, IM-SSF)

Cho php UE qun l thng tin linquan ti nhng dch v ca n

HTTP(s)

6.2 UMTS Realease 5: Truy cp gi downlink tc cao (HSDPA)

iu quan trng trong UMTS R5 l gii thiu k hoch pht d liu mi

c gi l HSDPA, HSDPA lm tng tc pht d liu t mng ti user. Khi

384kbps l tc ln nht trong R99 UTRAN, HSDPA cho php tc t 1,4 ti

3.6Mbps mi user, ph thuc vo kh nng ca thit b user v tng ti 14,4Mbps

bng nhng thit bu cui tin tin. Thm ch di iu kin v tuyn t l tng

v ti ca cell nng, tc 800kbps vn c thi vi user. Chi ph chnh cho

HSDPA l phi tng dung lng ca kt ni backhaul(hng trli) thuc cell ti

mng, chi ph pht mi bit s tng ln kh xa v thc t cng s nhng BTS c th

h trbng thng ton th cao hn nhiu.


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Gii thiu HSDPA vo nm 2006 do cho php nh khai thc mng UMTS

cnh tranh trc tip vi DSL, cp v truy cp internet WiMax cho home v office.

6.3 UMTS Release 6 v Release 7

6.3.1 UMTS Release 6 : Truy cp gi Uplink tc cao (HSUPA l th h

3,5G)

IMS v HSDPA tip tc c pht trin thnh UMTS Release 6. Khi

HSDPA thc cht l tng bng rng ton din vi mi cell v mi user trong hng

downlink, tc uplink khng tng t R99. V th, uplink vn b gii hn ti 64-

128kbps v ti 384kbps trong mt vi mng di iu kin l tng. S ni bt

ca IMS, tuy nhin, khi ng vic tri rng s nhng ng dng trc tip t user

ti user nh hi ngha phng tin. Nhng ng dng ny gi nhiu d liu bng

chng nhn v do uplink s tr thnh c trai ca h thng trong sut thi gian.Do , UMTS R6 gii thiu s nng cao tc pht uplinkc gi l HSUPA.

V mt l thuyt HSUPA cho php tc d liu khong mt vi Mbps cho mi

ngi dng trong iu kin l tng. Trong iu kin tn hiu thc t, s nhng user

trn mi cell v kh nng u cui ang c xem xt, HSUPA vn c th pht tc

xung quanh 800kbps. Hn na, HSUPA cng tng s lng ln nht users c th

gi d liu qua cng mt cell v v th lm gim ch ph ton b mng. Nhng ng

dng khc non-IMS thch gi messages email vi s attachment file rt ln v bn

tin MMS vi ni dung video ln cng li dng HSUPA.Trong Release 6 c 4 ni dung chnh l: Tch hp WLAN, qung b a

phng tin v a sc thi, ci tin trong IMS, HSUPA

6.3.2 UMTS Release 7 v xa hn: thm ch tc dliu cao hn

Khi HSDPA tng tc d liu kh xa so vi tc UMTS u tin, cuc

ua tng bng rng v tc d liu ngi dng vn tip tc. K thut pht phc

tp hn nh OFDM v MIMO c tho lun trong nhm lm vic 3GPP i vi

Release 7. Mc tiu l tng tc d liu ln 10 ln so vi HSDPA cho php

mng UMTS c th cnh tranh vi nhng k thut wireless v fixed-line trong

tng lai.


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Chng 7 Cc cng ngh khng dy khc

7.1 Mng WLAN

7.1.1 gii thiu chung v WLANNm 1997, IEEE phc tho chun 802.11 cho WLAN. n nm 1999,

Documents

Nghien Cuu Tien Trinh Nang Cap Mang Thong Tin Di Dong GSM Va Giao Thuc