N/PB/2018-19/ - cart.ebalbharati.incart.ebalbharati.in/BalBooks/pdfs/805000596.pdf · A_y¾$drZL$p ¾$d `pW/L$rhsp_y„ _pd g¡ML$/L$rh_y„ _pd `©›$ ¾$. A`¡rns r`qfeX$ 1. kp¥_y„

âõsph“p

râe rhÛp\} rdÓp¡,

Ap` kp¥_y„ ApW$dp ^p¡fZdp„ õhpNs R>¡. ^p¡fZ ApW$dp_y„ "kprlÐe cpfsu'_y„ _hy„ `yõsL$ sdpfp lp\dp„ d|L$sp„ M|bS> Ap_„v$ \pe R>¡.

rdÓp¡, buÅ kp\¡ k„hpv$ kp^hp, Ap`Zp rhQpfp¡-cph_p ìe¼s L$fhp„ Ap`Z¡ cpjp_p¡ S> Dèp¡N L$fuA¡ R>uA¡. dpV¡$ S> cpjp_p¡ Ap`Zp¡ iåv$c„X$p¡m kd©Ù lp¡hp¡ S>ê$fu R>¡. Ap `pW$é`yõsL$dp„_p `pW$, L$rhsp, kpdpÆL$ L$\p `p¥fprZL$ L$\p, h¥opr_L$ dprlsu, _©ÐeL$gp hp„Qu_¡ sd_¡ _hp„-_hp„ iåv$, ê$qY$âep¡Np¡, âk„Np¡_u ÅZ \i¡. Ap `yõsL$ hp„Qu_¡/ Aæepku_¡ dps©cpjpdp„ fyrQ hî¡, s¡hu A`¡np R>¡.

`pW$é`yõsL$dp„ rhrh^ õhpÝepe, D`¾$dp¡, g¡M_ L$p¥iëe, lz„ hp„Qy„-sd¡ hp„Qp¡ S>¡hu L©$rsAp¡ Ap`¡g R>¡. s¡dS> cprjL$ kdS> Üpfp ìepL$fZ_p OV$L$p¡_u kfm fus¡ Ap¡mM L$fphu R>¡.

Ap `pW$é`yõsL$ sd_¡ Ås¡ _hy„ gMhp A_¡ bp¡ghp_u sL$ Apì¡. `yõsL$_u L©$rsAp¡ Üpfp L$pµçàeyV$f A_¡ CÞV$f_¡V$_p¡ fQ_pÐdL$ Dèp¡N L$fhp dpV¡$ âp¡Ðkpl_ dmi¡, A¡hu Mpsfu R>¡.

"A¸`'_p dpÝed\u ¼e|. Apf. L$p¡X$ Üpfp âÐe¡L$ `pW$ k„b„r^s h^y dprlsu dpV¡$ Ap`_¡ ×íe-îpìe kprlÐe D`gå^ \i¡. s¡ Aæepk dpV¡$ Qp¡½$k Dèp¡Nu kprbs \i¡.

Ap`Zu cpjp iuMsp„-iuMsp„ Ap`Z¡ Ap`Zu k„õL©$rs A_¡ k„õL$pf_y„ `Z S>s_ L$fsp„ iuMuiy„, A¡hp¡ rhðpk R>¡.

Ap, yõsL$ Ap`_¡ Nçey„ L¡$ _rl, s¡ Ad_¡ S>Zphip¡. pW$é`yõsL$dp„ L$p¡C`Z nrs S>Zpe sp¡ s¡ dpV¡$_p kQp¡V$ k|Q_p¡ AphL$pe® R>¡.

Ap` kh£_¡ iyc¡ÃR>p !

`yZ¡

(X$p¸. kyr_g dNf)

k„QpgL$ dlpfpô²$ fpÄe `pW$é`yõsL$ r_rd®rs

A_¡ Aæepk¾$d k„ip¡^_ d„X$m, `yZ¡.

â’dph©rÑ : 2018 © dlpfpô²$ fpÄe pW$é yõsL$ r_rd®rs A_¡ Aæepk¾$d k„ip¡ _ d„X$m, yZ¡ 411 004.

dlpfpô²$ fpÄe pW$é yõsL$ r_rd®rs A_¡ Aæepk¾$d k„ip¡ _ d„X$m pk¡ Ap yõsL$_p

b^p l½$ fl¡i¡. Ap yõsL$_p¡ L$p¡C`Z cpN k„QpgL$, dlpfpô²$ fpÄe `pW$é yõsL$

r_rd®rs A_¡ Aæepk¾$d k„ip¡ _ d„X$m_u g¡rMs `fhp_Nu hNf R>pù iL$pi¡ _rl.

dy¿e kdÞheL$ : kyîu âpQu frhÞÖ kpW¡$

NyS>fpsu cpjp : kyîu L$ë`_p dl¡sp, AÝenkrdrs kv$õe : X$p¸. d^y k„`V$ îudsu cNhsu `„X$ép îudsu ârsdp `„X$ép

NyS>fpsu : kyîu Cgp iy¼gAæepk S|>\ : îudsu [õdsp v$h¡ îudsu Äep¡rs M¿Mf

r_d„rÓs : îu âazg Apf. ipl îudsu S>_L$ v$phX$p îudsu lu_p rggpZu îudsu h„v$_p `„Qpg îudsu rS>op L$p`qX$Ap îudsu d„S>fu Nydpõs¡ îudsu Drd®gp ipl îudsu ^rd®L$p ûf¡_ v$p¡iu îu. ûf¡_ d_kyMgpg v$p¡iu

kv$õe-k„ep¡S>L$ : L¡$sL$u r_s¡i Å_u

k„ep¡S>_ âdyM : L¡$sL$u r_s¡i Å_u rhi¡jpr^L$pfu, NyS>fpsu rhcpN `pW$é`yõsL$ d„X$m, `yZ¡ -04.

dyM`©›$ A_¡ rQÓ$ : îu k„S>ecpC `V¡$g

r_rd®rs : îu. k[ÃQv$p_„v$ Apam¡ dy¿e r_rd®rs Ar^L$pfu

îu. k„v$u` ApS>Np„hL$f r_rd®rs Ar^L$pfu

Anfp„L$_ : kd\® N°pqa¼k, 522, _pfpeZ `¡W$, `yZ¡-30.

L$pNm : 70 GSM Creamwove

dyÖZpv¡$i : N/PB/2019-20/Qty.

dyÖL$ : ABC ABC

âL$piL$ : îu. rhh¡L$ Np¡kphu, r_e„ÓL$ `pW$é`yõsL$ r_rd®rs d„X$m, âcpv¡$hu, dy„bC - 25.

sp. : 18 A¡râg 2018, AMpÓuS>

cpfsue kp¥f qv$_p„L$ :

28 Q¥Ó 1940

`y_dy®ÖZ : 2019

kprlÐecpfsu^p¡fZ-ApW$dy„

dlpfpô²$ fpÄe `pW$é`yõsL$ r_rd®rs A_¡ Aæepk¾$d k„ip¡^_ d„X$m, `yZ¡ - 411 004.

NyS>fpsuqÜsue/s©sue (k„ey¼s)

ipk_ r_Z®e ¾$dp„L$ : Aæepk - 2116/(â.¾$.43/16) A¡kX$u-4 qv$_p„L$ 25-4-2016 AÞhe¡ õ\pr`s \e¡g kdÞhe krdrs_u qv$_p„L$ 29-12-2017 fp¡S>_u duqV„$Ndp„ Ap `pW$é`yõsL$ r_^p®qfs L$fhp_u dpÞesp Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

sdpfp„ õdpV®$ap¡_dp„ DIKSHA App Üpfp `pW$é`yõsL$_p„ `l¡gp `p_p„ `f_p Q.R. Code\u qX$TuV$g `pW$é`yõsL$ A_¡ v$f¡L$ `pW$dp„ Ap`¡gp Q.R. Code\u s¡ k„b„r^s `pW$_p„ AÝee_-AÝep`_ dpV¡$ Dèp¡Nu ×íe-îpìe kprlÐe D`gå^ \i¡.

fpô²$Nus

S>_NZd_ - Ar^_peL$ S>e l¡ cpfs-cpÁerh^psp : „Åb, rk„^y, NyS>fps, dfpW$p, ÖprhX$, DÐL$g, b„N, thÝe, rldpQg, edy_p, N„Np, DÃR>g S>gr^sf„N, sh iyc _pd¡ ÅN¡, sh iyc Aprij dpN¡,

Npe¡ sh S>e Np\p, S>_NZd„Ngv$peL$ S>e l¡, cpfs cpÁe rh^psp —&S>e l¡, S>e l¡, S>e l¡, S>e S>e S>e S>e l¡ —&&

ârsop

cpfs dpfp¡ v¡$i R>¡. b^p cpfsuep¡ dpfp„ cpCbl¡_ R>¡.

lz„ dpfp v¡$i_¡ Qplz„ Ry>„ A_¡ s¡_p kd©Ù A_¡ h¥rhÝe`|Z® hpfkp_p¡ d_¡ Nh® R>¡. lz„ kv$pe s¡_¡ gpeL$ b_hp âeÐ_ L$fui.

lz„ dpfp„ dpspr`sp, rinL$p¡ A_¡ hX$ugp¡ âÐe¡ Apv$f fpMui A_¡ v$f¡L$ S>Z kp\¡ kæesp\u hs}i.

lz„ dpfp„ v¡$i A_¡ v¡$ibp„^hp¡ âÐe¡ hapv$pfu fpMhp_u ârsop gJ Ry>„. s¡d_p„ L$ëepZ A_¡ kd©qÙdp„ S> dpf„y kyM kdpe¡gy„ R>¡.

A_y¾$drZL$p

¾$d `pW/L$rhsp_y„ _pd g¡ML$/L$rh_y„ _pd `©›$ ¾$. A`¡rns r`qfeX$

1. kp¥_y„ L$fp¡ L$ëepZ Åv$hv$pk 1 5

hfv$p_ 3 1

2. cph - _Nf cNuf\ b°ûcË$ 4 7

L¡$V$gy„ dýey„ ? dp¡lçdv$ dp„L$X$ 8 1

* k„r^ - (1) 9 5

3. AphL$pfp¡ vy$gp cpep L$pN 10 5

Arsr\ k„L$rgs 12 1

4. cNhp__u Mp¡S> Apip huf¡ÞÖ 13 8

L$p¡Z L$l¡ R>¡ : 18 1

5. _hpCgpg h¡ZucpC `yfp¡rls 19 5

qv$hpmu_p v$uhp 22 1

6. kpCL$g kp\¡ dpfp¡ â\d qv$hk X$p¸. bmh„s s¡ÅZu 23 8

hpfkp¡ b¡àku A¡[ÞS>r_ef 29 1

7. dpZk R>¡ L©$óZ v$h¡ 30 5

ìek_ dy[¼s frhi„L$f dlpfpS> 33 1

8. Qpgp¡, hp`fuA¡ kp¥f EÅ® _V$hf `V¡$g 34 8

ApN : D`pe A„S>_p cNhsu 38 1

* k„r^ - (2) 39 5

9. kycprjsp¡ 40 5

r_f„sf Apiphpv$ X$p¸. âL$pi NÄS>f 42 1

10. A¡L$ S> gÿe k„L$rgs 43 8

`pqfsp¡rjL$p¡_y„ d|ëe S>e„s L$p¡W$pfu 47 1

Ly$g 84

1

1. kp¥_y„ L$fp¡ L$ëepZ

Åv$hv$pk

dp__ue L$rhîu_p¡ `qfQe lpgdp„ âpàs \ep¡ _ lp¡hp\u Al] Apù i¼ep _\u. âpàs \sp„

`y_dy®ÖZ âsdp„ Ap`hpdp„ Aphi¡. Å¡ L$p¡C `pk¡ L$rhîu_p¡ `qfQe D`gå^ lp¡e sp¡ bpgcpfsu,

`yZ¡_p¡ k„`L®$ L$fhp rh_„su.

k|f L©$rs_p¡

âõsys L©$rsdp„ L$rh âcy_¡ âp\®_p L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$, Ap vy$r_ep_p b^p S> õÓu-`yfyjp¡, ìy-`nuAp¡,

ÆhS>„syAp¡_y„ kv$pe L$ëepZ \pe - iyc \pe. L$rh Al] "õh'_p¡ _rl `Z "kh®'_p¡ rhQpf L$fsp L$l¡

R>¡ L¡$, kp¥ L$p¡C lfl„d¡i Ap_„v$dp„ fl¡ A_¡ kyM cp¡Nh¡.

vy$r_epdp„ ¼ep„e v$v®$ _ fl¡, vy$L$pm _ `X¡$ A_¡ gX$pC TOX$p _ \pe. kyM-kd©qÙ h^¡ A_¡

Apfp¡Áe DÑd fl¡ S>¡\u L$v$u L$p¡C_y„ b|fy„ CÃR>hp_p¡ kde S> _ Aph¡. v$f¡L$ `p¡sp_p ^d® âdpZ¡ Cðf_¡

cS>¡ A_¡ dp_hsp_p ^d®_¡ Æh_dp„ A`_ph¡ A¡hu âp\®_p L$rh Cðf_¡ L$f¡ R>¡. klz_p rlsdp„ S>

`p¡sp_y„ rls kdpe¡gy„ R>¡.

AÝep`_ k„L¡$s

âõsys âp\®_p_y„ AÝep`_ L$fphsp `l¡gp„ s¡_y„ kd|lNp_ L$fphhy„. L$pìe_p

rhjehõsy_¡ õ`ô$ L$fhp âñp¡ `|R>hp. QQp® Üpfp rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ kq¾$e fpMhp, "õh'_¡ _rl

`Z "kh®'_¡ L¡$ÞÖdp„ fpMu kh£_p kyM dpV¡$ Æh_ Æhhp_u â¡fZp Ap`hu. `p¡sp_p ^d®_y„

`pg_ L$fhy„ `Z dp_h^d®_¡ L$v$u _ c|ghp_u L$rh Al] S>X$ubyË$u bsph¡ R>¡ s¡_u kdS>

rhÛp\}Ap¡_p d_dp„ ×Y$ L$fhu.

kp¥_y„ L$fp¡ L$ëepZ, v$epmy âcy ! kp¥_y„ L$fp¡ L$ëepZ

_f_pfu ìy`nu_u kp\¡, ÆhS>„sy_y„ sdpd... v$epmy

S>N_p„ hpku kp¥ kyM cp¡Nh¡, Ap_„v¡$ flu ApW¡$ Åd... v$epmy

vy$r_epdp„ v$fv$ vy$L$pm `X¡$ _rl, gX¡$ _rl L$p¡C Npd... v$epmy

kh® S>N¡ kyMpL$pfu h^¡ _¡, hmu h^¡ ^_^pÞe... v$epmy

L$p¡C L$p¡C_y„ b|fy„ _ CÃR>¡, kp¥_y„ CÃR>¡ L$ëepZ ... v$epmy

`p¡s`p¡sp_p ^d® âdpZ¡, kh® cS>¡ cNhp_... v$epmy

Åv$hv$pk_p v$pk `p¡L$pf¡, â¡d¡ L$fu `fZpd... v$epmy

2

õhpÝepe

k. 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L$pìedp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$ ip¡^p¡ :

(1) iyc (2) L©$`pmy (3) A_pS> (4) vy$óL$pm

(5) Cðf (6) k¡hL$ (7) `lp¡f (8) `¥kp

k. 2. _d|_p âdpZ¡ iåv$ gMp¡ : v$p.s. : ¾|$f - v$epmy

(1) il¡f (2) _afs (3) OV$hy„ (4) CÃR>p

(5) kyL$pm (6) Ap_„v$ (7) vy$:M (8) cgy„

k. 3. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡_¡ õhuL©$s Å¡X$Zudp„ gMp¡ :

(1) `fZpd (2) v$fv$ (3) `f\d (4) v$fi_ (5) kfS>_ (6) kdfZ

k. 4. _uQ¡_p iåv$_p b¡ Sy>v$pSy>v$p A\® v$ip®hp¡ : v$p.s. : b|fy„ - Mfpb, TuZu kpL$f/Mp„X$

(1) hpku (2) R>s (3) L$ëepZ

k. 5. L$pìedp„ Ap`¡gp Å¡X$iåv$p¡ ip¡û_¡ gMp¡.

k. 6. L$pìe`„[¼sdp„ M|V$sp¡ iåv$ gMp¡ :

(1) S>N_p„ hpku kp¥ kyM cp¡Nh¡, ----flu ApW¡$ Åd. (2) `p¡s`p¡sp_p----âdpZ¡, kh® cS>¡ cNhp_.

(3) kp¥_y„ L$fp¡ L$ëepZ, ---- `°cy, kp¥_y„ L$fp¡ L$ëepZ. (4) kh® S>N¡ kyMpL$pfu h^¡ _¡, hmu h^¡ ---.

k. 7. _uQ¡_p A\® v$ip®hsu L$pìe`„[¼s gMp¡ :

(1) dpZkp¡_u kp\¡ AÞe kp¥ L$p¡C_y„ `Z L$ëepZ L$fp¡. (2) L$rh âcy_¡ â¡d\u h„v$_ L$fu_¡ âp\®_p L$f¡ R>¡.

(3) ApMp S>Nsdp„ kyM h^¡ A_¡ gp¡L$p¡ kd©Ù b_¡. (4) S>Ns_p b^p gp¡L$p¡ lkuMyiu\u fl¡.

k. 8. ep¡Áe rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$fu hp¼e `|Z® L$fp¡ :

(1) kp¥_y„ L$ëepZ A¡V$g¡ ------------------ (A) b^p„ dp_hp¡_y„ L$ëepZ (b) b^p„ ÆhS>„sy A_¡ Å_hfp¡_y„ L$ëepZ

(L$) dp_hp¡, ìy`„Mu A_¡ ÆhS>„sy_y„ L$ëepZ

(2) ApW¡$ Åd A¡V$g¡ ------------------ (A) L$ped dpV¡$, kv$pe (b) ApW¡$ `lp¡f (L$) ApW$ L$gpL$

(3) vy$L$pm _ `X¡$ sp¡ --------------- (A) ^_^pÞe dm¡ A_¡ kyMpL$pfu h^¡ (b) ìeh[õ\s `pZu dmu fl¡ (L$) gX$pC-TOX$p _ \pe

3

Ad¡ spfp„ _p_p„ bpm âcy !

spfy„ r_iqv$_ ^fsp Ýep_.

Ad kp¥_p¡ sy„ rhL$pk L$fS>¡.

`pg_ L$fS>¡ l¡ cNhp_,

Æh dpÓ_u k¡hp L$fuA¡,

A¡hy„ v¡$ Ad_¡ hfv$p_..... `°cy spfy„

k. 9. Ap L$pìe_p¡ kpf V|„$L$dp„ sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ gMp¡.

k. 10. A\® bv$ëep hNf hp¼e_¡ _L$pfpÐdL$ b_php¡ :

(1) klz_y„ cgy„ L$fp¡. (2) kyv$ `ndp„ Q„Ö_u L$mp h^¡ R>¡.

(3) kyMdp„ fl¡hy„ b^p_¡ Nd¡ R>¡. (4) Ndsp„ L$pd L$fp¡.

(5) spÅ¡ Mp¡fpL$ MpAp¡. (6) b|{„$ L$pd L$fp¡ sp¡ b|{„$ am dm¡.

k. 11. f¡Mp„qL$s iåv$ `f\u buÅ¡ iåv$ b_phu hp¼edp„ Mpgu S>Áep `|fp¡ :

v$p.s. : S>¡_pdp„ v$ep lp¡e s¡_¡ v$epmy L$l¡hpe.

(1) L$p¡C_y„ b|fy„ L$fp¡ _rl, ------------------ A¡ AhNyZ R>¡.

(2) `p¡s`p¡sp_p ^d® âdpZ¡ ------------------ fusqfhpÅ¡_y„ `pg_ L$fp¡.

(3) Ly$V¡h kpd¡ gX$p¡,------------------ Ap`hp\u Ly$V¡$h v|$f \pe.

k„cpjZ * sd¡ âp\®_p L$fp¡ R>p¡ Ðepf¡ cNhp_ `pk¡ iy„ dp„Np¡ R>p¡ s¡_u hN®dp„ kd|lQQp® L$fp¡.

âL$ë` * sd_¡ Ndsu L$p¡C`Z A¡L$ kh®^d® âp\®_p QpV®$ `¡`f `f gMu hN®dp„ gNpX$p¡.

lz„ hp„Qy„ ......... sd¡ `Z hp„Qp¡.

hfv$p_

i[¼s v¡$S>¡, c[¼s v¡$S>¡,

v¡$S>¡ Ad_¡ rhÛpv$p_,

kv¹$byqÙ v$C fnp L$fS>¡,

bpmL$ spfp„ kp¥ _pv$p_..... âcy spfy„

h„v$_p L$fsp„ Ny{$S>__¡ hmu,

hX$ugp¡_¡ v¡$sp Ad¡ dp_,

klL$pf\u lmudmu_¡,

kp¥A¡ g¡sp„ kpfy„ op_..... âcy spfy„

l¡ cNhp_ ! lz„ S>¡ Qplz„, A¡hy„ S> _rl, `Z S>¡ ep¡Áe lp¡e A¡hy„ S> \hp v¡$S>¡.

4

2. cph - _Nf

cNuf\ b°ûcË$

s¡d_p¡ S>Þd 5 ÅÞeyApfu, 1954_p fp¡S> Np„û_Nf rS>ëgpdp„ Aph¡gp _pv$fu Npd¡ \ep¡ R>¡.

s¡Ap¡ hëgc-rhÛp_Nf_u kfv$pf `V¡$g eyr_hrk®V$u_p NyS>fpsu rhcpN_p AÝep`L A_¡ AÝen

`Z flu Q|¼ep R>¡. "õd©rs L$mi', "iåv$_p kN`Z', "Anf_p„ AS>hpmp„', "âL©$rs `h®', "nZ_p¡

Tê$Mp¡', "_pCV$g¸ç`', dÝeL$pgu_ NyS>fpsu L$rhsp_p¡ h¥ch S>¡hp A_yhpv$, L$rhsp, r_b„^, gOyL$\p,

hpsp® A_¡ k„`pqv$s yõsL$p¡ s¡dZ¡ Apàep R>¡. NyS>fpsu kprlÐe AL$pv$du_y„ pqfsp¡rjL$ s\p 2008_p¡

Ly$dpfQ„ÖL$ s¡d_¡ dþep¡ R>¡.

k|f L©$rs_p¡

âõsys L©$rs r`sp-`yÓu_u gpNZu v$ip®hsu gOyL$\p R>¡. kpdpÞe OfL$pd L$f_pf dl¡_sy A_¡

L$pdY$u `yÓu s¡dS> s¡_p dl¡_sy, âpdprZL$ A_¡ gpNZuiug r`sp_p â¡d_y„ ky„v$f A_¡ kQp¡V$ i¥gudp„

Apg¡M_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. bp`-v$uL$fu bß¡ dS|>fu L$fu_¡ NyS>fp_ Qgph¡ R>¡ `Z Ap dS|>fu_u

hps A¡L$buÅ_¡ ÅZ _ \pe s¡_u `|fu sL¡$v$pfu fpM¡ R>¡. gpNZu\u R>gL$sp r`sp-`yÓu_p ùv$e_p

cph_¡ g¡ML$_p kfm iåv$p¡ hpQp Ap`¡ R>¡. sm`v$p iåv$p¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡dp„ duW$pi Dd¡fpe R>¡ S>¡ hpsp®_¡

dpZhpgpeL$ b_ph¡ R>¡. bß¡_p¡ A¡L$buÅ âÐe¡_p¡ A_Þe â¡d ky„v$f rQÓ MXy„$ L$f¡ R>¡.

fÅ_p¡ qv$hk lsp¡. lz„ dpfu ê$ddp„ õl¡S> ApX$p¡ `X¡$gp¡. `„Mp¡ ûd¡ ûd¡ Qpgsp¡ lsp¡. A¡V$gpdp„ bpfÏ„ MMXéy„.

"L$p¡Z ?' d¢ `|R>éy„y„.

"A¡ sp¡ lz„ MyX$u.'

"Myëgy„ S> R>¡ Aph _¡ !'

[õdspmhu MyX$u lmh¡\u bpfÏ„ Mp¡gu, Ðep„ S> \p¡cu. MyX$u A¡ dpfu L$pdhpmu. M|b r_erds, âpdprZL$, L$pdY$u. v¡$Mph¡ íepd `Z Qp¡¿Mu. L$pd rkhpe KQ¡ _S>f¡e _p L$f¡ A¡V$gu ifdpm. lz„ õl¡S> Qp¢¼ep¡. A¡ ûd¡ AhpS>¡ _uQ„y Å¡C_¡ bp¡gu :

"i¡W$, sd¡ L$pg¡ cph_Nf S>hp_p ?'

"lp', "s_¡ L$p¡Z¡ L$üy„ ?'

"A¡ sp¡ sd¡ S> l¡W$m `¡.... gp ^p¡bu_¡ Þlp¡sp L$l¡sp...'

"s¡ spf¡ cph_Nf_y„ iy„ L$pd `X$éy„ ?' d¢ `|R>éy„y„.

5

"i¡W$, A¡ sp¡ R>¡ _¡ dpfp bp`p_¡ lpfy A¡L$ ipg dp¡L$gphhu R>¡...' A¡ k„L$p¡Qpsp„ k„L$p¡Qpsp bp¡gu.

"iy„ _pd spfp bp`p_y„ ? cph_Nfdp„ ¼ep„ fl¡ R>¡ ?'

"A¡ sp¡ i¡W$ Mp¡qX$epf fõsp¡ L$p¡C T|„`X$phpmp_¡ L$l¡ip¡ _¡ L¡$ c¥ "cNp¡ dpfhpX$u' A¡V$g¡ ApMp¡ dgL$ Ap¡mMi¡.'

d¢ L$üy„, "kpfy„.'

`R>u dpfp lp\dp„ cfs cf¡gu ipg l¡s`|h®L$ Ap`sp„ L$l¡hp gpNu : "Ap `¡gp dpõsf L$píduf\u gpe¡gp s¡ S>¡ qv$hpfu by_kdp„ Apg¡gu. dpfp¡ bp` bQpfp¡ V$pY$dp„ Ap¡Y$i¡.' L$l¡sp„ L$l¡sp„, h¡v$_piug hv$_¡ A¡ NC.

hmu \p¡X$u hpf¡, `pR>u Aphu d_¡ L$l¡hp gpNu - "A_¡ i¡W$, dy„ sdpf¡ O¡f L$p¢d L$fy„ Ry>„ A¡ hps Cd_¡ _p¡ L$fsp lp¢ !' L$fyZp`|h®L$ bp¡gu.

AæepkL$pm R>u Mpk dmpey„ S> Þlp¡sy„ A¡V$g¡ cph_Nfdp„ rdÓ_¡ Ðep„ S> Esep£. Qp pZu L$ep®. hpsdp„\u hps _uL$msp„ S> d¢ `|R>éy„y„, "OZp hMs¡ dýep, _rl ?' A¡Z¡ Ap„Mp¡\u ApMp¡ Asus DL¡$ëep¡.

`R>u d¢ `|R>éy„y„.

"Al]\u Mp¡qX$epf L¡$V$g¡ ?'

"L¡$d v$fi_ L$fhp S>hy„ R>¡ ?'

"_p c¥ ! A¡L$ k„`¡sfy„ R>¡ ?'

"L$p¡_y„ ?' rdÓ¡ rS>opkp\u `|R>éy„y„.

d¢ L$üy„ : "sd¡ cNp¡ dpfhpX$u L$fu_¡ L$p¡C R>¡ A¡_¡ Ap¡mMp¡ ?' rdÓ lkhp gpÁep¡. d¢ L$üy„ : "L¡$d lkhy„ Apìey„?'

"c¥, cNp dpfhpX$u_¡ L$p¡Z _p Ap¡mM¡ ? A¡ cgp¡ _¡ A¡_y„ L$pd cgy„. rks¡f hfl \ep„ li¡ `Z cpeX$p¡ L¦$ dl¡_s L$f¡ R>¡ L¡¥ dl¡_s... A¡ sp¡ Ap`Zp¡ dpmu R>¡ !'

6

A¡V$gpdp„ S> cNp¡ dpfhpX$u v¡$Mpep¡. lpX$L$p„_p¡ dpmp¡ L¡X¡$\u hm¡gp¡. hû Ne¡gu v$pY$u. lz„ Å¡C füp¡.

rdÓ bp¡ëep¡ : "Aëep, spfu v$uL$fuA¡ ipg dp¡L$gu !'

A¡ ê$ddp„ Apìep¡. `gp„W$u hpmu_¡ b¡W$p¡. b¡ lp\ Å¡X$ép„. L¡$hu v$e_ue dyÖp !! Ap„Mp¡dp„ TmTqmep„ !! ipg lp\dp„ g¡sp„ A¡_p lp\ ^°|S>sp lsp. `p„`Zp¡ T|L$u NC lsu. hmu `pR>p¡ `|R>hp gpÁep¡.

"kpe¡b dpfu MyX$u l¡dM¡d sp¡ k¡ _¡ ? "lp lp dÅdp„' lz„ L$l¡sp¡ füp¡. A¡Z¡ MyX$u rhi¡, A¡_p v$pê$qX$ep `rs rhi¡ dpfu `pk¡\u ÅZhp OZu L$p¡rii L$fu. d¢ kpQhu kpQhu_¡ S> DÑf Apàep. rdÓ kp„cmu füp¡.

buS>¡ qv$hk¡ khpf¡ lz„ _uL$mhp_p¡ lsp¡. A¡ V$pCdkf Aphu Nep¡. d_¡ A¡L$ `p¡V$L$u Ap`sp„ _d°sp\u L$l¡hp gpÁep¡.

"kpe¡b, Ap Mp¡qX$epfdp_p¡ `fkpv$ dpfu MyX$u_¡ `p¢QpX$Å¡ dpspÆ sdpfy„e cgy„...'

d¢ p¡V$L$u guû A¡Z¡ dpfu A¡V¡$Qu guû. bkõV¡$ÞX$ kyû hmphhp Apìep¡. bk E`X$u A¡V$g¡ lmh¡\u L$l¡ - "kpe¡b, dpfu MyX$u_¡ dy„ dS|>fu L$fy„ Ry>„ A¡ hps _p L¢$sp, _½$pdu QÞÐep...' _¡ A¡_p¡ KQp¡ \e¡gp¡ lp\ lz„ Å¡sp¡ füp¡.

AÝep`_ k„L¡$s

âõsys gOyhpsp®_p AÝep`__u iê$Apsdp„ dpspr`sp A_¡ k„sp_p¡ hÃQ¡_p dS>b|s

A_¡ r_:õhp\® â¡d bpbs QQp® L$fhu. dpsp-`yÓ A_¡ r`sp-`yÓu hÃQ¡_p As|V$ õ_¡l_u

hps Dv$plfZ Üpfp õ`ô$ L$fhu. gOyâñp¡ `|R>u_¡ rhjehõsy kdÅhhy„. cph_Nf A_¡

cph-_Nf_p saphs Üpfp `pW$_p iuj®L$_u e\p\®sp kdÅhhu. âõsys hpsp®_p r`sp-

`yÓu_p `pÓp¡_u r_Mpgksp, d|L$ gpNZu_¡ kfm iåv$p¡dp„ ìe¼s L$fhp_p¡ âeÐ_ L$fhp¡.

`yÓu_p i¡W$ A_¡ r`sp_p i¡W$_p qv$g_u Adufps `Z rhÛp\}Ap¡_p Ýep_dp„ gphhu.

õhpÝepep¡_p õhê$`_p¡ ¿epg fpMu S>ê$fu dprlsu Ap`hu.

õhpÝepe

k. 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$ dpV¡$ `pW$dp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ ip¡^p¡ :

(1) L$pdNfu (2) dyMpL©$rs (3) Cdp_v$pf (4) c|sL$pm

(5) âeÐ_ (6) L$df (7) dpV¡$ (8) v$fhpÅ¡

k. 2. _d|_p âdpZ¡ gMp¡ : v$p. s. : d^fps - dÝepŒ

(1) r_erds (2) âpdprZL$ (3) i¡W$ (4) DÑf (5) iÓy (6) rh_d°

k. 3. _uQ¡_p iåv$dp„\u A_¡L$ A\®`|Z® iåv$ b_php¡ : (1) cph_Nf (2) Adv$phpv$

k. 4. _uQ¡_p sm`v$p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ dpÞe cpjp_p iåv$ gMp¡ : v$p.s. : by_k - bp¡_k

(1) dy„ (2) Cd_¡ (3) c¥ (4) cpeX$p¡

(5) kpe¡b (6) QÞÐep (7) hfl (8) k¡

7

k. 5. iåv$ kd|l dpV¡$ A¡L$ iåv$ Ap`p¡ :

(1) L$p¡C_¡ `lp¢QpX$hp dpV¡$ Ap`¡gu hõsy - (2) hõsy c¡Nu L$fu L$`X$pdp„ bp„^¡gu NW$X$u -

(3) sfs ifdpC Åe s¡hu ìe[¼s - (4) L$`X$p„ ^p¡hp_p¡ ìehkpe L$f¡ s¡ -

k. 6. `pW$dp„ Aphsp b¡ ê$qY$âep¡N ip¡^p¡ A_¡ s¡_p¡ A\® gMp¡.

k. 7. Ap¡mMp¡ : (1) v¡$Mph¡ íepd, õhcph¡ ifdpm - (2) MyX$u_p bp`p -

(3) cNp dpfhpX$u_p i¡W$ - (4) cph_Nf rdÓ_p Of¡ S>_pf -

k. 8. Mpgu S>Áepdp„ MyX$u rhi¡ ep¡Áe iåv$ gMu_¡ `qfÃR>¡v$ `|Z® L$fp¡ :

[õdspmhu ------ lmh¡\u bpfÏ„ Mp¡gu, Ðep„ S> \p¡cu, MyX$u A¡ dpfu ------M|b ------, ----,

---- v¡$Mph¡ ------ `Z ----------- L$pd rkhpe KQ¡ _S>f¡e _p L$f¡ A¡V$gu -----------.

k. 9. `pW$_p Ap^pf¡ _uQ¡_p rh^p_p¡ `|Z® L$fp¡ :

(1) i¡W$, sd¡ L$pg¡ -----------. (2) dpfp bp`p_p lpfy A¡L$ -----------.

(3) "cNp¡ dpfhpX$u' A¡V$g¡-----------. (4) Ap Mp¡qX$epf dpsp_p¡ fkpv$ -------.

(5) kpe¡b, dpfu MyX$u_¡ dy„ -----------. (6) ipg lp\dp„ g¡sp„ -----------.

k. 10. `pW$_p Ap^pf¡ _uQ¡_p rh^p_p¡ `|Z® L$fp¡ :

(1) dpfp bp`p_¡ lpfy ------------------

(A) `¥kp dp¡L$ghp R>¡ (b) ipg dp¡L$ghu R>¡ (L) duW$pC dp¡L$ghu R>¡

(2) cfs cf¡gu ipg L$píduf\u ------------------ (A) dpõsf gph¡gp (b) i¡W$ gph¡gp (L$) bp`p gph¡gp

(3) ipg g¡sp„ cNp dpfhpX$u_u Ap„Mdp„ `pZu Aphu Nep„ L$pfZ L¡$------------------ (A) â¡dpm v$uL$fu_u epv$ Aphu NC (b) s¡_¡ v$uL$fu-S>dpC epv$ Apìep

(L$) ipg M|bS> ky„v$f lp¡hp\u Ndu NC

k. 11. `pW$_p Ap^pf¡ _uQ¡_p hp¼ep¡_¡ s¡_p OV$_p¾$d âdpZ¡ Np¡W$hp¡ :

(1) cNp¡ dpfhpX$u i¡W$_¡ hmphhp bkõV¡$ÞX$ kyû Nep¡. (2) MyX$uA¡ i¡W$_p lp\dp„ ipg Apù.

(3) MyX$u i¡W$_p Of¡ Aphu. (4) i¡W¡$ MyX$u_¡ s¡_p bp`p_y„ _pd `|R>éy„y„.

k. 12. MyX$u_p¡ s¡_p r`sp âÐe¡_p¡ â¡d sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ hZ®hp¡.

k. 13. _uQ¡_p _pd kp\¡ `pW$dp„ Aphsp rhi¡jZ ip¡û_¡ gMp¡ :

(1) --------MyX$u (2) --------ipg (3) --------hv$_

(4) --------dyÖp (5) --------tQsp (6) --------cNp¡

8

k. 14. hQ_ bv$gp¡ :

(1) bpfÏ„ (2) rdÓ (3) `„Mp (4) Ap„Mp¡

(5) T|„`Xy„$ (6) v$uL$fuAp¡ (7) kpl¡bp¡ (8) `p„`Z

k„cpjZ * sdpfu ipmp_p kapC L$d®Qpfu_u L$pdNufu bpbs hN®dp„ kd|lQQp® L$fp¡.

âL$ë` * "v$uL$fu dpfu gpX$L$hpeu- gÿdu_p¡ Ahspf' Nus CÞV$f_¡V$_u dv$v$\u d¡mhp¡ A_¡ L$pX®$ `¡`f `f

gMu_¡ c]s`ÓL$ b_php¡.

lz„ hp„Qy„ ......... sd¡ `Z hp„Qp¡.

L¡$V$gy„ dýey„ ?

d¡¼kuL$p¡_p A¡L$ âv¡$idp„ W„$X$p A_¡ Nfd `pZu_p Tfp `pk¡ `pk¡ Aph¡gp R>¡. Ðep„_u õÓuAp¡ `p¡sp_p„

L$`X$p„ `l¡gp„ EL$msp `pZu_p Tfpdp„ bp¡m¡ R>¡ A_¡ `R>u bpSy>_p W„X$p `pZudp„ spfhu_¡ r_Qp¡hu _pM¡ R>¡.

Aphu kNhX$ Å¡C_¡ Ðep„ Ne¡g A¡L$ âhpkuA¡ L$üy„ : ""Aphu kfk Ly$v$fsu kNhX$ dmhp\u Al]_p gp¡L$p¡

Cðf_p¡ Apcpf dp_sp li¡ !''

"Apcpf ?' Ðep„_p fl¡hpkuA¡ kpd¡ âñ L$ep£, "Af¡, Al]_p gp¡L$p¡ sp¡ Aakp¡k L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$ Tfpdp„ Nfd

`pZu sp¡ R>¡ `Z s¡ kpby L¡$ kp¡X$phpmy„ _\u !'

L¡$V$gp„L$ vy$:Mp¡ Ap`Z¡ `p¡s¡ Ecp L$fuA¡ R>uA¡. A¡dp„_y„ A¡L$ vy$:M Ap`Zp Ak„sp¡j_y„ R>¡.

kpdpÞe fus¡, dpZk `p¡sp_¡ S>¡ dmhy„ Å¡CA¡ s¡ dýey„ _\u, `p¡sp_¡ L¡$V$gp¡ AÞepe \ep¡ R>¡ A¡_p¡ S>

rhQpf L$f¡ R>¡. Aphp rhQpf_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_pdp„ Ak„sp¡j S>Þd¡ R>¡ A_¡ Ak„sp¡jdp„\u vy$:M S>Þd¡ R>¡.

Aphu fus¡ rhQpf_pf dpZk_¡ AÞepe \ep¡ li¡ A_¡ s¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_¡ L¡$V$gy„L$ Nydphhy„ `X$éy„ li¡; `f„sy

s¡_¡ S>¡ âpàs \e„y R>¡ s¡dp„ L¡$V$gu bû ìe[¼sAp¡_p¡ apmp¡ R>¡, s¡_p¡ s¡_¡ rhQpf Aph¡ R>¡ Mfp¡ ? Ap`Zp Æh__u

fQ_p A¡V$gu AV$`V$u R>¡ L¡$ Ap`Z¡ Nd¡ s¡V$gp i[¼sipmu lp¡CA¡ sp¡`Z Ap`Zu `pk¡_y„ b^y„ dpÓ Ap`Zu

i[¼sAp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ S> âpàs \C iL¡$ _rl. L¡$V$gu bû hõsyAp¡ Ap`Z_¡ Ap`Zp `|h®Å¡ sfa\u hpfkpdp„

dm¡gu lp¡e R>¡ ? L¡$V$gy„ b^y„ rdÓp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ âpàs \e„y lp¡e R>¡ ? L¡$V$gy„ v¡$i_¡ L$pfZ¡, kdpS>_¡ L$pfZ¡, ÅZusp

A_¡ AÅÎep gp¡L$p¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ap`Z_¡ dýey„ lp¡e R>¡ ?

Ap`Z¡ S>¡ L$p„C lp¡CA¡, Äep„ lp¡CA¡, Ðep„ lp¢Qhpdp„ L¡$V$gu bû ìe[¼sAp¡_p¡ apmp¡ R>¡ s¡_p¡ Å¡ Ap`Z¡

rhQpf L$fuA¡ sp¡ A¡d_p sfa Ap`Zp d_dp„ Apcpf_u gpNZu DÐ`ß \ep rh_p fl¡ _rl. S>¡ dpZk

buÅ_p F>Z_p¡ õhuL$pf L$f¡ R>¡, s¡$ KX$p kyM A_¡ k„sp¡j_u gpNZu A_ychu iL¡$ R>¡.

- dp¡lçdv$ dp„L$X$

9

k„r^ - (1)

k„r^

õhf k„r^ ìe„S>_ k„r^

Al] Ap`Z¡ õhfk„r^ rhj¡ kdÆiy„. Äepf¡ õhf_y„ Å¡X$pZ k„r^_p r_ed âdpZ¡ \pe Ðepf¡ s¡_¡ õhfk„r^ L$l¡ R>¡.

v$p.s. : v¡$i + Arcdp_ = v¡$iprcdp_ kfMu Års_p õhf_y„ Å¡X$pZ

`fd + Cðf = `fd¡ðf Sy>v$u Års_p õhf_y„ Å¡X$pZ.

dlÒh_u õhfk„r^ _uQ¡ âdpZ¡ R>¡.

(A) A + A = Ap

(1) cph + A\® = cphp\® (2) `f + Aû_ = `fpû_

(3) õ_¡l + Aû_ = õ_¡lpû_ (4) h©Ù + Ahõ\p = h©Ùphõ\p

(b) Ap + Ap = Ap

(1) dlp + ApÐdp = dlpÐdp (2) s©jp + Apsyf = s©jpsyf

(3) tQsp + Apsyf = tQspsyf (4) dlp + Apge = dlpge

(L$) B + B = C

(1) frh + BÞÖ = fhuÞÖ (2) `qf + Bnp = `funp

(3) ers + BÞÖ = esuÞÖ (4) S>rs + BÞÖ = S>suÞÖ

(X$) C + C = C

(1) _pfu + Cðf = _pfuðf (2) ep¡Nu + Cðf = ep¡Nuðf

(3) fS>_u + Ci = fS>_ui (4) `ph®su + Ci = `ph®sui

(C) D + D = E

(1) cp_y + Dv$e = cp_|v$e (2) Nyfy + DÑd = Ny~$Ñd

(3) ky + D[¼s = k|[¼s (4) gOy + DÑf = gO|Ñf

(a) E + E = E

(1) h^| + Erd® = h^|rd® (2) tk^| + Erd® = tk^|rd®

cpÁe_p Üpf Mp¡ghp dpV¡$ dl¡_s_u Qphu S> Å¡CA¡.

10

3. AphL$pfp¡

vy$gp cpep L$pN

s¡d_p¡ S>Þd 25 _h¡çbf, 1902_p fp¡S> kp¥fpô²$_p dÅv$f Npd¡ \ep¡ lsp¡. Ap QpfZ L$rh

dy¿eÒh¡ s¡d_p ^prd®L$ R>„v$, cS>_ A_¡ v$p¡lpAp¡ dpV¡$ ÅZusp bÞep R>¡. s¡dZ¡ dpÓ `p„Q ^p¡fZ kyû_y„

S> rinZ gu^y„ lsy„. `R>u L$p¥Vy„$rbL$ ìehkpe M¡sudp„ Å¡X$pep lsp„. s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_u S>du_ rh_p¡bp

cph¡_p c|v$p_ Ap„v$p¡g_dp„ Apù v$uû lsu. "L$pNhpZu cpN 1 \u 8', "rh_p¡bp cph¡_u - QÞÖ

bph_u', "kp¡fW$bph_u', "i[¼sQpgukp', "Nyfydrldp' hN¡f¡ `yõsL$p¡ s¡dZ¡ Apàep R>¡. s¡d_¡ `Úîu

`yfõL$pf A¡_pes \ep¡ lsp¡. 25 _h¡çbf, 2004_p fp¡S> cpfs kfL$pf_p V$`pg rhcpN¡ s¡d_p dp_dp„

`p„Q ê$rèp_u V$`pg qV$qL$V$ blpf `pX$u lsu. 22 a¡b°yApfu, 1977_p fp¡S> s¡d_y„ Ahkp_ \ey„ lsy„.

k|f L©$rs_p¡

âõsys L$pìedp„ L$rhA¡ Ddv$p dp_h Æh_ Æhhp_u iuM Ap`sp A¡L$buÅ_¡ Dèp¡Nu

\hp_u hps L$fu R>¡. vy$r_epdp„ OZp dpZkp¡ dyíL¡$gu\u O¡fpe¡gp„ A_¡ M|b vy$:Mu lp¡e R>¡. s¡hp

L$p¡C`Z dpZk dv$v$_u Apip\u Ap`Zu `pk¡ Aph¡ sp¡ Ap`Z¡ s¡_y„ vy$:M kdS>hp s¡_u hps ip„rs\u

kp„cmhu Å¡CA¡. A_¡ s¡_u kp\¡ klp_yc|rscep£ ìehlpf L$fu s¡_p vy$:Mdp„ cpNuv$pf \hy„ Å¡CA¡

S>¡\u s¡_y„ vy$:M lmhy„ \C iL¡$.

vy$:M\u ìeN° gp¡L$p¡_¡ kp„Ðh_p Ap`hu A¡ dpZkpC v$ip®hhp_y„ â\d gnZ R>¡. Cðf_u v¡$_

kdp dp_hÆh__¡ v$u`phhp dpV¡$ dp_hsp S>¡hp¡ î¡›$ L$p¡C ^d® _\u s¡hy„ Ap L$pìedp„ AÐe„s kfm

cpjpdp„ L$rhA¡ Ap`Z_¡ kdÅìe„y R>¡.

A¡ Æ spfp„ Ap„NrZep„ `|R>u_¡ L$p¡C Aph¡ f¡; AphL$pfp¡ duW$p¡ Ap`S>¡ f¡ ! A¡ Æ spf¡ L$p_¡ f¡ k„L$V$ L$p¡C k„cmph¡ f¡; b_¡ sp¡ \p¡Xy„$ L$p`S>¡ f¡ ! (V¡$L$) dp_hu_u `pk¡ L$p¡C dp_hu _ Aph¡ f¡ ; A¡ Æ spfp qv$hk_u `pk¡ f¡ vy$rMep„ Aph¡ f¡ ! ... AphL$pfp¡ 0 "L¡d sd¡ Apìep R>p¡ ?' A¡d _h L$l¡S>¡ f¡ ! A¡ Æ A¡_¡ ûf¡ f¡ ûf¡ s„y bp¡ghp v¡$S>¡ f¡ ! ... AphL$pfp¡ 0 hps A¡_u kp„cmu_¡ ApXy„$ _h Å¡S>¡ f¡; A¡ Æ A¡_¡ dp\y„ f¡ lgphu lp¢L$pfp¡ sy„ v¡$S>¡ f¡ ! ... AphL$pfp¡ 0"L$pN' A¡_¡ `pZu `pS>¡, kp\¡ b¡ku MpS>¡ f¡; A¡ Æ A¡_¡ Tp„`p f¡ kyû sy„ d¡ghp ÅS>¡ f¡ ! ... AphL$pfp¡ 0

11

AÝep`_ k„L¡$s

âõsys L$pìe_p AÝep`__u iê$Apsdp„ kd|lNp_ L$fphhy„, Ðepf `R>u Ap`Zp Of¡ Aphsp dl¡dp_p¡_u ApNsp-õhpNsp L¡$hu L¡$hu fus¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ s¡ bpbs QQp® L$fu_¡ cpfsue k„õL©rs_p d|mdp„ fl¡gu AprsÕe cph_p_u kdS> Ap`hu.

L$pìe_p hpÃep\® âdpZ¡ âñp¡ `|R>u s¡_p S>hpb_p Ap^pf¡ Dv$plfZ kp\¡ s¡_p N|Y$p\®_y„ õ`ô$uL$fZ L$fhy„. qv$gpkp¡ v¡$hp\u, klp_yc|rs v$ip®hhp\u A_¡ kp„Ðh_p Ap`hp\u d_yóe_y„ dpÓ vy$:M S> v|$f _\u \sy„ `Z s¡_u kpd¡ gX$hp_u s¡_pdp„ tlds Aph¡ R>¡, _hy„ Å¡d âNV¡$ R>¡ A_¡ s¡ S> sp¡ dp_hsp_y„ î¡›$ v$i®_ R>¡. dpV¡$ dp_hsp v$ip®hu d_yóeÆh_ kp\®L$

L$fhp_u â¡fZp `|fu `pX$hu.

õhpÝepe

k. 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L$pìedp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$ ip¡^p¡ :

(1) dyíL¡$gu (2) d_yóe (3) ûd¡ (4) _rl

(5) iui (6) S>m (7) qv$_ (8) Ap¡Ry>„

k. 2. iåv$ kd|l dpV¡$ A¡L$ iåv$ Ap`p¡ :

(1) S>¡_u Aphhp_u rsr\ _½$u _\u s¡ - (2) S>¡_¡ L$v$u k„sp¡j S> _ \pe s¡ -

(3) Of_p dy¿e Üpf kpd¡_u Myëgu S>Áep - (4) b^y„ S> kpfu fus¡ ÅZ_pf -

k. 3. L$pìedp„\u âpkey¼s iåv$ ip¡û_¡ gMp¡.

k. 4. ApXy„$ Å¡hy„ A¡V$g¡ AhNZ_p L$fhu. Aphu fus¡ _uQ¡_p ê$qY$âep¡Np¡_p¡ A\® iåv$L$p¡i_u dv$v$\u d¡mhu_¡ gMp¡ :

(1) ApXy„$ h¡sfhy„ (2) ApXy„$ Dsfhy„ (3) ApXy„$ `X$hy„ (4) ApXy„$ Qpghy„ (5) ApXy„$ Aphhy„

k. 5. A\® v$ip®hsu `„[¼s gMp¡ :

(1) s_¡ kyMu Å¡C_¡ L$p¡C spfu `pk¡ s¡d_y„ vy$:M ìe¼s L$fhp Aph¡ sp¡ sy„ s¡_u hps ip„rs\u kp„cmS>¡.

(2) vy$:MuAp¡_u hps kp„cþep `R>u s¡_u AhNZ_p _ L$fui. `Z hÃQ¡ s¡_¡ lp¢L$pfp¡ Ap`sp¡ fl¡S>¡ S>¡\u s¡_¡

kp„Ðh_p dmu fl¡.

k. 6. ep¡Áe rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$fu_¡ rh^p_ afu\u gMp¡ :

(1) Ap„NZ¡ Aph_pf Arsr\_¡ ------------------ (A) c¡V$u_¡ AphL$pfhp_y„ L$rh L$l¡ R>¡ (b) duW$p¡ AphL$pfp¡ Ap`hp_y„ L$rh L$l¡ R>¡

(L$) `fpZ¡ AphL$pfhp_y„ L$rh L$l¡ R>¡

(2) L$p¡C `p¡sp_p vy$:M_u hps L$fsp lp¡e Ðepf¡------------------ (A) s¡_u hps hÃQ¡\u L$pù _p„Mhu (b) s¡_¡ hps L$fsp AV$L$phu_¡ fhp_p L$fu v¡$hp

(L$) s¡_u hps ip„rs\u kp„cmhu

(3) Ap L$pìedp„\u bp¡^ dm¡ R>¡ L¡$ ------------------ (A) b^p kp\¡ lmudmu_¡ fl¡hy„ (b) dp_hsp v$pMhu A¡L$buÅ_¡ dv$v$ê$` \hy„

(L$) L$Vy$ ìehlpf L$v$u L$fhp¡ _rl

12

(4) Ap„NZ¡ Aph¡gp Arsr\_p¡------------------(A) rsfõL$pf L$fu_¡ s¡_¡ L$pY$u d|L$hp (b) rsfõL$pf L$fhp¡ (L$) rsfõL$pf _ L$fhp¡

k. 7. ApX$pAhmp iåv$p¡_¡ ep¡Áe ¾$ddp„ Np¡W$hu_¡ A\®`|Z® L$pìe`„[¼s gMp¡ :

(1) A¡_¡ `pS>¡ L$pN MpS>¡ kp\¡ b¡ku f¡ `pZu (2) Aph¡ A¡ f¡ Æ spfp„ `|R>u_¡ Ap„NrZep„ L$p¡C

(3) L$p¡C dp_hu Aph¡ `pk¡ _ dp_hu_u f¡ (4) L$p_¡ f¡ Æ A¡ k„L$V$ f¡ k„cmph¡ L$p¡C spf¡

k. 8. ep¡Áe fus¡ Å¡X$p¡ :

rhcpN "A' rhcpN "b'

(1) L$p¡C Ap„NZ¡ Aph¡ Ðepf¡ (A) L$v$u _ `|R>Å¡

(2) L$p¡C `p¡sp_y„ vy$:M L$l¡ Ðepf¡ (b) s¡_¡ lp¢L$pfp¡ v¡$Å¡

(3) L¡$d Apìep R>p¡ s¡hy„ (L$) s¡_¡ AphL$pfp¡ Ap`Å¡

(4) s¡_u hps kp„cmu_¡ (X$) \p¡Xy„$ vy$:M Ap¡Ry>„ L$fÅ¡

k. 9. âõsys L$pìe_p¡ kpf sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ gMp¡.

k. 10. _uQ¡_p hp¼ep¡_¡ blzhQ_dp„ a¡fhp¡ : v$p.s. : sy„ ipL$ fp¡V$gp¡ MpS>¡. sd¡ ipL$ fp¡V$gp MpÅ¡.

(1) sy„ Nfub_¡ dv$v$ L$fS>¡. (2) lz„ fp¡V$gu b_phui. (3) s¡ v$pMgp¡ NZi¡.

(4) sy„ spfp L$`X$p„ ^p¡C _p„MS>¡. (5) sy„ rQÓ v$p¡fS>¡. (6) lz„ s_¡ Nus k„cmphui.

k„cpjZ * "Arsr\ v¡$hp¡ ch:'_u k„õL©$rs rhi¡ hN®dp„ kd|lQQp® L$fp¡.

âL$ë` * "vy$gp cpep L$pN'_p 5 v$p¡lpAp¡ CÞV$f_¡V$_u dv$v$\u ip¡û_¡ A¡L$ kfk dÅ_y„ c]s`ÓL$ b_php¡.

lz„ hp„Qy„ ......... sd¡ `Z hp„Qp¡.

Arsr\

rsr\ Å¡ep hNf Ap`Zp Of_p Ap„NZ¡ Aphu_¡ Ecp¡ fl¡ s¡ Arsr\. A¡L$ k|Ó `Z R>¡ L¡$ "Arsr\ v¡$hp¡ ch:' Ap k|Ódp„ L¡$hp¡ cìe cph cf¡gp¡ R>¡. cpfsue k„õL©$rs_u L¡$hu ky„v$fsp fl¡gu R>¡ L¡$ õ_¡lu õhS>_p¡_p kÐL$pf L$fspe Arsr\ kÞdp_\u kv¹$cph_p A`|h® L$p¡qV$_u NZpsu !

Äep„ Ly$Vy$„b_p _p_p-dp¡V$p klz_p qv$gdp„ c¡v$cph _\u `Z kdcph R>¡. Äep„ ¼g¡i, Ü¡j L¡$ L$Vy$sp _\u, _\u t_v$p L¡$ `pfL$u `„Qps S>¡_p Ofdp„ AÞe_p Of_u hps A\hp rhQpf_¡ AphL$pf _\u, `Z Äep„ k„`, õ_¡l-kv¹$cph, kÐk„N A_¡ kÐL$d®_u kyd^yf kyhpk Of_u âÐe¡L$ ìe[¼s_p AÏA¡ AÏdp„ ìep`¡gu R>¡ A¡hp Ofdp„ Arsr\_p„ kpQp kÞdp_, kÐL$pf _¡ õhpNs \pe R>¡. Aphu Arsr\ kÐL$pf_u

kv¹$cph_p klz L$p¡C_p Æh_dp„ kpL$pf `pd¡ A¡ S> d„Ng d_p¡L$pd_p. - k„L$rgs

AprsÕe cph_p cpfsue k„õL©$rs_u ApNhu Ap¡mM R>¡.

13

4. cNhp__u Mp¡S>

Apip huf¡ÞÖ

cNhp__u Mp¡S> A¡ AÞe cpfsue cpjp_p g¡ML$ ù. fpÅ_u d|mhpsp®_y„ îudsu Apip

huf¡ÞÖA¡ NyS>fpsu cpjpdp„ L$f¡gy„ A_ykS>®_ R>¡. g¡rML$p rhrh^ NyS>fpsu v¥$r_L$p¡, kpdreL$p¡ dpV¡$

g¡M_ L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡. "s`®Z' cpN-1, 2 s¡d_p¡ hpsp®k„N°l R>¡.

k|f L©$rs_p¡

âõsys L©$rsdp„ v$pv$p A_¡ `p¥Ó hÃQ¡_p rhðpk A_¡ îÙp_p k„b„^ rhi¡ hps L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

v$pv$p `p¡sp_p `p¥Ó_¡ r_kN®_p sÒhdp„ Cðf_u A_yc|rs L$fph¡ R>¡. d|X$u L$fsp„ ìepS> h^y hlpgy„, A¡

D[¼s_¡ kp\®L$ L$fsp¡ v$pv$p_p¡ `p¥Óâ¡d A_¡ Cðf âÐe¡_u A_Þe îÙp_p Al] v$i®_ \pe R>¡. v$pv$pÆ_p

Ahkp_ `R>u `p¥Ó_¡ `p¡sp_pdp„ S> Cðf_p v$i®_ \pe R>¡. A_¡ s¡_¡ îuL©$óZA¡ ASy>®__¡ L$l¡gy„ hp¼e -

"lz„ spfpdp„ S> Ry>„.' s¡ kdÅC Åe R>¡ Ðepf¡ s¡ d_p¡d_ v$pv$pÆ_¡ âZpd L$f¡ R>¡. Apd b¡ `¡Y$u hÃQ¡_p

kyep¡Áe d¡m_u kyk„Nssp g¡ML¡$ Al] kfm iåv$p¡dp„ A_¡ ùv$eõì} i¥gudp„ hZ®hu R>¡. kp\¡ kp\¡

Ap¥jrêy¼s h_õ`rs_u hps L$fu_¡ Ap`Z_¡ Ly$v$fsu D`Qpfp¡ sfa hpmhp_p¡ âeÐ_ `Z Mf¡Mf

âk„i_ue R>¡.

A¡ hps_¡ L$v$pQ ÓZ¡L$ v$peL$p husu Nep li¡. A¡ hMs¡ dpfu Jdf `p„Q¡L$ hj®_u li¡. _p_L$X$p A¡hp Adpfp Npddp„ v$pv$pÆ_y„ M|b dp_. v|$f\u A¡d_¡ Aphsp Sy>A¡ L¡$ sfs Npd_u hlzAp¡ dp\y„ Y$p„L¡$. h¡`pfuAp¡ L¡$ M¡X|$sp¡ hp„L$p hmu_¡ _dõL$pf L$f¡. lz„ sp¡ v$pv$pÆ_p rS>Nf_p¡ Vy$L$X$p¡. d_¡ A¡V$gp gpX$ gX$ph¡ L¡$, v$pv$u, dp, r`spÆ b^p„ aqfepv$ L$fsp„, L¡$ Apd L$fu L$fu_¡ s¡Ap¡ d_¡ bNpX$u d|L$i¡. khpf¡ Ap„M M|g¡ A¡V$g¡ dpfp dp¢dp„ `l¡gp¡ iåv$ lp¡e "v$p...v$p...!' A_¡ v$pv$p `Z, "l„ bp¡gp¡ b¡V$p !' L$l¡sp„ lpS>f S> lp¡e. lz„ Nd¡ s¡V$gp khpgp¡ `|Ry>„ `Z v$pv$p L$p¡C qv$hk L„$V$pm¡ _l]. dpfu _p_u _p_u Ap„Mp¡_¡ A¡dZ¡ vy$r_ep Å¡sp„ iuMìey„. "v$pv$p, Ap p„v$X$p„ gugp _¡ awg_p¡ f„N gpg L¡$d ?'

"v$pv$p, Ap QL$gu ApV$gu _p_LX$u _¡ L$pNX$p¡ dp¡V$p¡ L¡$d ?'

dpfp rS>opky d_dp„\u Ah_hp khpgp¡ EW$sp fl¡sp A_¡ v$pv$p ûfS>`|h®L$ kfmsp\u b^p_p S>hpb Ap`sp. L¡$V$-L¡$V$gu Ås_p `„MuAp¡, A¡d_p¡ L¡$hp¡ AhpS>, ¼ep TpX$ L¡$ R>p¡X$_p¡ v$hp sfuL¡$ L¡$ `|Å dpV¡$ Dèp¡N \pe - Ap bû hpsp¡ A¡dZ¡ _p_`Zdp„ d_¡ fds fdsdp„ iuMh¡gu.

14

"Å¡, Ap sygku R>¡ _¡, A¡_p„ `p„Q `p_ fp¡S> Qphu Å. ifv$u spfp\u v|$f cpNi¡.' Ap azv$u_p¡ R>¡. `¡V$dp„ vy$Msy„ lp¡e sp¡ A¡_p¡ fk ù S>hp_p¡, sfs kp{„$ \C Åe.'

"`Z v$pv$p, Ap ApMu vy$r_ep, ApV$gp b^p dpZkp¡, awg-TpX$, `„MuAp¡-Ap b^y„ L$p¡Z¡ b_pìey„ ?'

"cNhp_¡.'

"cNhp_ A¡V$g¡ ? A¡ L$p¡Z R>¡ ? L¡$hp R>¡ ?'

"Ap k©rô$_p¡ kS>®L$, fnL$ A_¡ rh_piL$ b^„y cNhp_ S> R>¡. `R>u dpfp d|„ThZcep® Ql¡fp kpd¡ Å¡C lku_¡ L$l¡sp, "_\u kdÅsy„ ? Ap b^y„ kdS>hp dpV¡$ sy„ lÆ _p_p¡ R>¡. bk, dpÓ A¡V$gy„ kdÆ g¡ L¡$, Ap bû Cðf_u L©$`p R>¡.'

"v$pv$p, Ap cNhp_ R>¡ ¼ep„ ?'

"b^¡ S>. Äep„ Äep„ sy„ _S>f L$f¡ Ðep„ b^¡ S> A¡_p¡ hpk R>¡.'

"sd¡ A¡_¡ Å¡ep R>¡.'

OX$uL$ rhQpf L$fu_¡ v$pv$p bp¡ëep, "lp, Å¡ep R>¡ fp¡S> Å¡J Ry>„ A¡d_u L©$`p_p¡ `Z fp¡S> A_ych L${„$ Ry>„.'

d¢ A¡d_p¡ lp\ Å¡f\u `LX$u gu^p¡, "d_¡ `Z cNhp_ bsphp¡. dpf¡ A¡d_¡ Å¡hp R>¡.'

ìlpg\u dpfp¡ Npg M¢Qsp A¡ bp¡ëep, "spf¡ dpV¡$ lÆ A¡_¡ Å¡hp_p¡ kde `pL$hp_¡ hpf R>¡. hMs Apìe¡ s_¡ v¡$Mpi¡.'

d_¡ v$pv$p_p hQ_ `f `|fp¡ cfp¡kp¡ lsp¡. v$pv$p L$l¡ R>¡ sp¡ S>{$f A¡L$ qv$hk d_¡ cNhp_ bsphi¡. Adpfp Of `pR>m_p hpX$pdp„ A¡L$ L|$hp¡ lsp¡. v$pv$p d_¡ Ðep„ _plhp gC S>sp `pZu M¢Qu_¡ `p¡s¡ `Z _plsp A_¡ d_¡ `Z _hX$phsp. A¡L$ qv$hk fp¡S>_p ¾$d âdpZ¡ A¡ d_¡ _hX$phu füp lsp Ðepf¡ d¢ L$üy„.

"v$pv$p, sd¡ L$lp¡ R>p¡ L¡$, cNhp_ b^¡ R>¡ `Z d_¡ sp¡ ¼ep„e v¡$Mpsp _\u. A¡hy„ L¡$d ? kpQy„ L$lp¡ _¡. cNhp_ ¼ep„ R>¡?' d_¡ cNhp__¡ Å¡hp_u bfpbf spgph¡gu gpNu lsu. dpfu hpf„hpf_u `|R>`fR>_p S>hpbdp„ A¡L$ qv$hk A¡L$pA¡L$ A¡dZ¡ L$üy„.

"cNhp_ R>¡ _¡ s¡... R>¡ _¡ s¡ Ap L|$hpdp„ R>¡. M|b KX¡$.'

d¢ DÐkpl\u L$üy„, "sp¡ sp¡ d_¡ bsphp¡. ldZp„ _¡ ldZp„ S> bsphp¡.' A¡dZ¡ L$üy„, "_p, A¡d L$p¡C buSy>„ bsphu _ iL¡$. Ap`Z¡ Ås¡ S> Å¡hp `X¡$.' v$pv$p d_¡ fpdpeZ, dlpcpfs, Nusp_u hpsp¡ kdÅhsp. fpd, L©$óZ, l_ydp_, byÙ, dlphuf_u L¡$V$gue Ås Ås_u hpsp¡ L$l¡sp. d_¡ kp„cmhpdp„ M|b fk `X$sp¡ `Z kp\¡ S> N|„Qhpsp¡ `Z Mfp¡ L¡$, ApV$gp b^pdp„\u kpQp cNhp_ L$p¡Z A_¡ s¡ L¡$hp lp¡e ?

A¡L$ qv$hk v$pv$p V¡$bg `f QY$u_¡ L$bpV$dp„\u Qp¡`X$u g¡hp Nep Ðepf¡ OX$u cf dpV¡$ Q|¼ep _¡ V¡$bg `f\u `X$ép. dp\pdp„ kMs dpf hpÁep¡. X$p¸¼V$f¡ X²¡$tkN L$fu_¡ `pV$p¡ bp„û Apàep¡. dp\¡ ka¡v$ `pV$p¡ A_¡ dp¡Y$p `f duWy„$ [õds. Ap õh{$`dp„ d_¡ v$pv$pÆ A¡V$gp Ndu Nep L¡$, A_pepk S> dpfp\u `|R>pC Ney„.

"v$pv$p, cNhp_ sdpfp S>¡hp lp¡e ?'

"_p f¡ _p, cNhp_ S>¡hp \hp_y„ L¡$ v¡$Mphp_y„ dp{„$ _kub ¼ep„\u ?' `R>u d_¡ `p¡sp_u `X$M¡ b¡kpX$u dpf¡

15

dp\¡ hlpg\u lp\ a¡fhsp„ bp¡ëep, "b¡V$p„, dpfp `f cfp¡kp¡ fpM. lz„ s_¡ L$lz„ Ry>„ L¡$, A¡L$ qv$hk s_¡ S>{$f kdÅi¡ L¡$, cNhp_ L¡$hp lp¡e ?'

A¡ fps¡ k|sp `R>u buÆ khpf¡ v$pv$p EW$ép S> _l]. ApMp Ofdp„ kp¡`p¡ `X$u Nep¡. lksy„-fdsy„ Of ÅZ¡ vy$:M_u R>pepdp„ Y„$L$pC Ney„. r`spÆ N|dk|d \C Nep lsp A_¡ dp R>p_y„ R>p_y„ fX$ép L$fsu lsu `Z b^p L$fsp„ d_¡ A¡d_p S>hp_p¡ S>bfv$õs ApOps gpÁep¡. dpfp hX$ug Nep L¡$ dpfp¡ rdÓ Nep¡ A¡ d_¡ kdÅsy„ _lp¡sy„ `Z A¡V$gy„ sp¡ lz„ õ`ô$`Z¡ A¡ he¡ `Z kdÆ i¼ep¡ lsp¡ L¡$, dpfp Æh__u blz d|ëehp_ QuS> d¢ Nydphu v$uû lsu. lz„ kph k|_d|_ \C Nep¡.

\p¡X$p qv$hk `R>u A¡L$ b`p¡f¡ lz„ A¡L$gp¡ A¡L$gp¡ L|$hp `pk¡ `lp¢Ãep¡. d_¡ v$pv$pA¡ L$l¡gu hps epv$ Aphu L¡$, cNhp_ Ap L|$hpdp„ R>¡. L$p„W¡$ `X¡$gu gp¡M„X$_u bpgv$u Kû hpmu_¡ lz„ kpQhu_¡ A¡_u `f QY$ép¡. L|$hpdp„ X$p¡qL$ey„ L$e®y _¡ dpfp Ap_„v$_p¡ `pf _p füp¡.

"Ap iy„ ? cNhp_ sp¡ dpfp S>¡hp S> v¡$Mpe R>¡ !'

ApS>¡ ApV$gp„ hjp£ `R>u kdÅe R>¡ L¡$, v$pv$pA¡ fds fdsdp„ dpfp bpmd_dp„ îu L©$óZA¡ Nuspdp„, ASy>®__¡ L$l¡gy„ hp¼e L¡$hy„ S>X$b¡kgpL$ Dspfu v$u^y„ lsy„. "sÒhdrk' lz„ spfpdp„ S> Ry>„. S>¡ sy„ R>¡ A¡ lz„ Ry>„ A_¡ S>¡ lz„ Ry>„ s¡ sy„ R>¡.

lz„ d_p¡d_ v$pv$pÆ_¡ âZpd L${„$ Ry>„.

16

AÝep`_ k„L¡$s

âõsys L©$rs_p AÝep`__u iê$Apsdp„ "spfL$ dl¡sp_p DëV$p Qídp' rkqfeg_p

v$pv$p`p¥Ó_p `pÓ rhi¡ QQp® L$ep® `R>u rhÛp\}Ap¡_p `p¡sp_p v$pv$p k„b„û rhQpfp¡ ÅZhp.

âõsys rhjehõsy_y„ õ`ô$uL$fZ gOyâñp¡_u dv$v$\u L$fhy„. âL©$rsdp„ fl¡gp Cðf_p A[õsÒh_u

A_yc|rs L$fhp â¡fZp Ap`hu. d_yóedpÓdp„ fl¡gp Cðfue sÒh bpbs îÙp r_dp®Z L$fhp

Dv$plfZ Ap`hp s¡dS> v$f¡L$ hX$ugp¡ âÐe¡ Apv$f`|h®L$ Alp¡cph L¡$mhhp_u bpbsdp„ `Z

rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ â¡qfs L$fhp.

õhpÝepe

k. 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ `pW$dp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ ip¡^p¡ :

(1) ùv$e (2) h©„v$p (3) fph (4) v$kL$p¡

(5) `yõsL$ (6) Apsyfsp (7) kÄS>X$ (8) Ny`Qy`

k. 2. _d|_p âdpZ¡ gMp¡ : v$p.s. : A_pepk - Apepk

(1) S>hpb (2) kS>®_ (3) KXy„$ (4) DÐkpl

k. 3. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡_p AÞe b¡-b¡ kdp_p\} iåv$p¡ gMp¡ :

(1) cNhp_ (2) awg (3) TpX$ (4) Ap„M

(5) `pZu (6) dp\y„ (7) `„Mu (8) ApL$pi

k. 4. ê$qY$âep¡N A_¡ s¡_p A\®_¡ ep¡Áe fus¡ Å¡X$p¡ :

rhcpN "A' rhcpN "b'

(1) rS>Nf_p¡ Vy$L$X$p¡ lp¡hp¡ (A) ip„rs R>hpC S>hu.

(2) spgph¡gu gpNhu (b) AÐe„s vy$:M \hy„

(3) kp¡`p¡ `X$u S>hp¡ (L$) DÐkyL$sp ÅNhu

(4) ApOps gpNhp¡ (X$) Ars râe lp¡hy„

k. 5. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡_p Anfp¡_p¡ Dèp¡N L$fu_¡ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p ÓZ-ÓZ A\®`|Z® iåv$p¡ b_php¡ :

(1) rh_piL$ (2) S>X$b¡kgpL$

k. 6. `pW$dp„$ Aphsp b¡-b¡ _pd gMp¡ :

(1) h_õ`qs (2) ^prd®L$ `yõsL$p¡

(3) v$pv$p_u hpsp®_p `pÓp¡ (4) cNhv¹$Nusp_p `pÓp¡

17

k. 7. ep¡Áe rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$fu hp¼e afu\u gMp¡ :

(1) Adpfp Npddp„ v$pv$pÆ_y„ M|b ------------------lsy„.

(A) Np¥fh (b) dp_ (L$) Arcdp_

(2) v$pv$pÆ_¡ Å¡sp„ S> Npd_u hlzAp¡ dp\y„ ------------------ (A) Y$p„L$u v¡$su (b) EOpX$u v¡$su (L$) ^yZphsu

(3) sygku_p `p_ fp¡S> Qphhp\u------------------ (A) `¡V$ _ vy$:M¡ (b) dp\y„ _ vy$:M¡ (L$) ifv$u dV$u Åe.

(4) A¡L$ qv$hk v$pv$p ------------------`f\u `X$ép.

(A) V¡$bg (b) Myfiu (L$) kuX$u

k. 8. _uQ¡_p hp¼ep¡ bp¡g_pf_p _pd gMp¡ :

(1) "cNhp_ A¡V$g¡ ? A¡ L$p¡Z R>¡ ? L¡$hp R>¡ ?' (2) "l„ bp¡g b¡V$p !'

(3) "Ap iy„ ? cNhp_ sp¡ dpfp S>¡hp S> v¡$Mpe R>¡ ?'

k. 9. Ap¡mMp¡ :

(1) v$pv$pÆ_p rS>Nf_p¡ Vy$L$X$p¡ - (2) v$pv$pÆ_¡ hp„L$p„ hmu_¡ _dõL$pf L$f_pf -

(3) sygku_p `p_ Qphu_¡ Mphp_y„ L$l¡_pf - (4) v$pv$pÆ_¡ Å¡sp„ S> dp\y„ Y$p„L$_pf -

(5) `p¥Ó_¡ bNpX$u _p„Mhp_u v$pv$pÆ_¡ aqfepv$ L$f_pf -

k. 10. _uQ¡_p hp¼ep¡_¡ OV$_p_p ¾$d âdpZ¡ Np¡W$hp¡ :

(1) v$pv$pÆ `p¥Ó_¡ _hX$phu füp„ lsp„. (2) v$pv$pÆ_y„ âpZ`„M¡fy„ EX$u Ney„.

(3) `p¥ÓA¡ v$pv$pÆ_¡ cNhp_ bsphhp_u hps L$fu. (4) `p¥Ó v$pv$pÆ_¡ blz khpgp¡ `|R>sp¡.

k. 11. "`p¥Ó `f `X¡$gp v$pv$p_p âcph' rhi¡ sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ gMp¡.

k. 12. _uQ¡_p hp¼ep¡dp„ A^p¡f¡rMs iåv$_u Års bv$gu_¡ hp¼e afu\u gMp¡ :

v$p.s. : `p¥Ó v$pv$p `pk¡ fl¡ R>¡. S>hpb : `p¥Óu v$pv$u `pk¡ fl¡ R>¡.

(1) rhÛp\}Ap¡ Aæepk L$f¡ R>¡. (2) Npe Opk Qf¡ R>¡.

(3) _p¡L$f_¡ i¡W$pZuA¡ dv$v$ L$fu. (4) cZuNZu_¡ v$uL$fp¡ X$p¸¼V$f \ep¡.

(5) L$qW$epfp¡ gpL$X$p„ L$p`¡ R>¡. (6) rinL$ bpmL$_¡ cZph¡ R>¡.

k. 13. ep¡Áe rhfpdrQŒp¡ d|L$u hp¼e afu\u gMp¡ :

(1) v$pv$p cNhp_ sdpfp S>¡hp lp¡e (2) cNhp_ A¡V$g¡ A¡ L$p¡Z R>¡ L¡$hp R>¡

(3) v$pv$p Ap QL$gu ApV$gu _p_L$X$u _¡ L$pNX$p¡ dp¡V$p¡ L¡$d

18

Ap ^fsu `f ¼ep„e L$i¡ cNhp_ _\u !

L$p¡Z L$l¡ R>¡ :

Ap Ahr_ `f Cðf_p„ A¢OpZ _\u !

fpsqv$hk _¡ kp„S>khpf¡

kv$p r_edkf Aph¡ R>¡;

k|fS>-Qp„v$p¡ r_erds S>N_¡

s¡S> \L$u bl¡gph¡ R>¡.

Qp¡dpkp_p„ S>ghjp® _¡ hk„s ê$`sZu fpZu,

V$pY$ riepm¡, sp` D_pm¡,

F>syAp¡_u L¡$hu ëlpZu !

Æh_ L¡$fp„ Ad©s S>¡hp„

S>m_p„ d|ëe Ad|ëe lp¡ !

k. 14. "sp' âÐee gNpX$u cphhpQL$ _pd b_php¡ :

(1) kS>®L$ (2) rh_piL$ (3) ky„v$f (4) ipgu_ (5) A¡L$pN°

k. 15. Dv$plfZ âdpZ¡ hp¼ep¡_y„ blzhQ_dp„ ê$`p„sf L$fp¡ :

v$p.s.ùmy„ awg awgv$p_udp„ d|L$. S>hpb : ùmp„ a|gp¡ awgv$p_udp„ d|L$p¡.

(1) gugy„ `p_ Qphu Å. (2) L$pNX$p¡ TpX$ `f b¡W$p¡ R>¡.

(3) L|$hp¡ KX$p¡ Mp¡v$php¡. (4) R>p¡L$fy„ v$p¡X$sp„ v$p¡X$sp„ `X$u Ney„.

k„cpjZ * sdpfp v$pv$p-v$pv$u, _p_p-_p_u kp\¡_p L$p¡C A¡L$ epv$Npf âk„N rhi¡ hN®rdÓp¡ kp\¡ QQp® L$fp¡.

âL$ë` * v¡$i_p v$pv$p - "v$pv$pcpC _hfp¡Æ' rhi¡ dprlsu d¡mìep `R>u s¡_y„ rQÓ gNpX$u s¡_u _uQ¡ s¡ gMu_¡

ky„v$f QpV®$ b_php¡.

lz„ hp„Qy„ ......... sd¡ `Z hp„Qp¡.

L$p¡Z L$l¡ R>¡

Apk`pk ApL$pidp„ A„sfdp„ Aphpk OpkQpk_u `pk `Z Cðf spfp¡ hpk.

^fsu dpsp ^pÞe DNpX¡$,

A¡ D`Lpf Asyëe, Alp !

A¡L$^pfy„ _¡ AZOV$L$s„y

A_„s Apep¡S>_ Aphy„,

rhfpV$_¡ Ap„NrZe¡ S>¡Z¡

r_Ðe _hy„ R>¡ kfÅhy„,

A„sep®du A¡ Cðf_u

Ap klz Ap¡mMpZ _\u ?

`pe `Xy„$ _p L$l¡ip¡ L$p¡'v$u

"¼ep„e Al] cNhp_ _\u !'

19

5. _hpCgpg

h¡ZucpC `yfp¡rls

s¡d_p¡ S>Þd 1 a¡b°yApfu, 1916_p fp¡S> ÅdM„cprmepdp„ \ep¡ lsp¡. ìehkpe¡ `ÓL$pf Ap

L$rhA¡ iê$Apsdp„ âyaqfX$f sfuL¡$ L$pd L$ey¯ lsy„. s¡Ap¡ NyS>fpsu v¥$r_L$ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp füp. s¡dZ¡

L¡$V$gpL$ NyS>fpsu qaëdu Nusp¡ `Z g¿ep„ R>¡. k„Nus_u k|T lp¡hp_¡ gu^¡ s¡d_p Nusp¡dp„ A_¡ NTgp¡dp„

iåv$ A_¡ ge_y„ dp^ye® âNV$ \pe R>¡. "rkf„Åh', "NygTpf¡ ipefu', "qv$àsu', "ApQd_', "klhpk'

hN¡f¡ L$pìek„N°lp¡ s\p "AÑf_p v$uhp', "hp„k_y„ h_', "k¡sy' hN¡f¡ hpsp®k„N°lp¡ s¡dZ¡ Apàep R>¡.

"spfu Ap„M_p¡ AauZu' S>¡hu kyârkÙ fQ_p `Z Ap`Z_¡ s¡d_u `pk¡\u dmu R>¡. 3 ÅÞeyApfu,

1980_p fp¡S> s¡d_y„ Ahkp_ \ey„ lsy„.

k|f L©$rs_p¡

âõsys L$pìedp„ NpdX$pdp„ DS>hpsu lp¡mu_p ×íe_y„ hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. cpfs_u kp„õL©$rsL$

`f„`fpdp„ sl¡hpfp¡_y„ ApNhy„ A_¡ A_p¡M„y dlÒh R>¡. "lp¡mu'_p¡ f„Nu_ sl¡hpf cpfscfdp„ cpf¡ DÐkpl\u

DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. hmu v$f¡L$ fpÄe_u DS>hZudp„ rcßsp lp¡hp R>sp„ DÐkpl A_¡ Dd„Ndp„ L$p¡C S>

Ap¡V$ hsp®su _\u. bpmL$p¡ lp¡mu_p Ahkf¡ `p¡sp_p dlp¡ëgpdp„ b^p„_¡ f„Nhp_u `¡fhudp„ _uL$mu `X¡$

R>¡. sp¡ Aphp k`fdp v$lpX¡$ lp¡mu_p¡ apmp¡ DOfphsu O¡f¥ep_u V$p¡mu Aphsp-S>sp„ gp¡L$p¡_¡ Q¡su_¡

Qpghp dpV¡$ L$l¡ R>¡. "_hpCgpg'_p `pÓ Üpfp L$rhA¡ L$pìedp„ lpõefk_y„ r_ê$`Z L$fhp kp\¡ spg A_¡

ge_y„ Av¹$cys k„ep¡S>_ L$fu_¡ L$pìe_¡ N¡esp Apù R>¡.

QL$gpdp„ Q¡su_¡ Qpgp¡, _hpCgpg ! lp¡mu_p¡ `¥kp¡ Apgp¡, _hpCgpg !

ApS>¡ R>¡ f„N f„N lp¡mu, _hpCgpg !Aphu O¡f¥ep_u V$p¡mu, _hpCgpg !

Mphp„ R>¡ k¡h _¡ ^pZu, _hpCgpg !v$pZ dpN¡ R>¡ v$pZu, _hpCgpg !

Apìep r_iprmep v$p¡X$u, _hpCgpg !kplu_u iuiuAp¡ Y$p¡mu, _hpCgpg !

Tpgu R>¡ lp\dp„ Tp¡mu, _hpCgpg ! rkL$g sdpfu R>¡ cp¡mu, _hpCgpg !

S|>_u `p¡sX$u àl¡fu, _hpCgpg !gpNp¡ R>p¡ frkep ël¡fu, _hpCgpg !

20

AÝep`_ k„L¡$s

âõsyys L$pìe_p AÝep`__u iê$Apsdp„ cpfsdp„ DS>hpsp kpdprS>L$, ^prd®L$ s¡dS>

fpô²$ue sl¡hpfp¡_u DS>hZu bpbs QQp® L$fhu. s¡dp„ S>ê$fu dprlsu `|fu `pX$hu. "lp¡mu'_p

sl¡hpf `pR>m_u `p¥fprZL$ hpsp®_p¡ `qfQe Ap`hp¡.

NpdX$pdp„ A_¡ il¡fp¡dp„ DS>hpsp lp¡mu_p sl¡hpf_u DS>hZu rhi¡ âñp¡ `|R>u_¡

AphíeL$ S>Zpe Ðep„ õ`ô$uL$fZ Ap`hy„. cpfs_p rhrh^ fpÄep¡dp„ DS>hpsp Ap sl¡hpf_u

rhi¡jsp `f `Z âL$pi `pX$hp¡.

õhpÝepe

k. 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L$pìedp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ ip¡^p¡ :

(1) a„X$ (2) bpV$gu (3) kqfsp (4) ipM

(5) dlp¡ëgp¡ (6) _¡Ó (7) Ql¡fp¡ (8) S>L$ps

k. 2. Dv$plfZ âdpZ¡ iåv$ gMp¡ : v$p.s. : kpnf - r_fnf

(1) Kû (2) L$p¡fp (3) cp¡my„ (4) ^p¡mp¡ (5) S|>_u

Kû s¡ àl¡fu V$p¡ù, _hpCgpg !lki¡ Npd_u Np¡ù, _hpCgpg !

Qídp_u v$p„X$u hp„L$u, _hpCgpg !Ap„Mp¡_u Apb{$ Y$p„L$u, _hpCgpg !

Qpgp¡_¡ O¡fdp„ afiy„, _hpCgpg !_v$uA¡ _phrZep„ L$fiy„, _hpCgpg !

L$p¡fp fl¡hp_u hps d|L$p¡, _hpCgpg !ApS>¡ qv$hk _\u k|L$p¡, _hpCgpg !

d|R>p¡dp„ bpg A¡L$ ^p¡mp¡, _hpCgpg !L$pmp L$g`dp„ bp¡mp¡, _hpCgpg !

L|$hpL$p„W¡$ s¡ _p Åip¡, _hpCgpg !Åip¡ sp¡ X$pNgp \pip¡, _hpCgpg !

ApS>¡ k`fdp¡ v$p'X$p¡, _hpCgpg !gphp¡ apNZ_p¡ apmp¡, _hpCgpg !

QL$gpdp„ Q¡su_¡ Qpgp¡, _hpCgpg !lp¡mu_p¡ `¥kp¡ Apgp¡, _hpCgpg !

21

k. 3. hp„Ly„$ A¡V$g¡ ku^y„ _rl s¡hy„, hp„Ly„$ hmhy„ A¡V$g¡ _uQp _dhy„. v$p.s. hp„L$p hmu_¡ k„S>hpfu L$pY$hu. Aphu fus¡ _uQ¡_p

ê$qY$âep¡Np¡_p¡ A\® gMu s¡_p¡ hp¼edp„ âep¡N L$fp¡.

(1) hp„Ly„$ Qpghy„ (2) hp„Ly„$ `X$hy„ (3) hp„Ly„$ bp¡ghy„

k. 4. iåv$ kd|l dpV¡$ A¡L$ iåv$ L$pìedp„\u ip¡û_¡ gMp¡ :

(1) lp¡mu fdhp dpV¡$ dlp¡ëgpdp„ _uL$m¡gp¡ R>p¡L$fp¡ - (2) Qpf fõsp dmsp lp¡e s¡hu S>Áep -

(3) iyc, Ap_„v$_y„ `h®, kpfp¡ qv$hk - (4) S>fp`Z cu_y„ _ lp¡e s¡hy„ -

k. 5. âpkey¼s iåv$p¡ L$pìedp„\u ip¡^p¡ :

(1) ^p¡mp¡ (2) Qpgp¡ (3) ^pZu (4) Åip¡ (5) V$p¡ù

k. 6. gMp¡ : (1) L$pìedp„ Dëg¡Mpe¡g Mphp_u QuÅ¡ - (2) L$pìedp„ Dëg¡Mpe¡g `l¡fhp_u QuÅ¡ -


(1) Npd_u Np¡ù lki¡. L$pfZ L¡$ ------------------ (A) Kû V$p¡ù `l¡fu R>¡ (b) K^y„ `l¡fZ `l¡e¯y R>¡ (L$)`p¡sX$u KOu `l¡fu R>¡

(2) L$p¡fp fl¡hp_u hps _ L$fhu. L$pfZ L¡$ ApS>_p¡ qv$hk------------------ (A) k`fdp¡ R>¡ (b) k|L$p¡ _\u (L$) dÅ L$fhp_p¡ R>¡

(3) O¡f¥ep_u V$p¡mu dlp¡ëgpdp„ _uL$mu R>¡, L$pfZ L¡$ ------------------ (A) f„N`„Qdu_p¡ sl¡hpf R>¡ (b) _hpCgpg_¡ f„N¡ fdpX$hp R>¡

(L$) f„N f„N lp¡mu_p¡ sl¡hpf R>¡

k. 8. L$pìe`„[¼s_¡ ep¡Áe fus¡ Å¡X$p¡ :

rhcpN "A' rhcpN "b'

(1) Apìep r_iprmep v$p¡X$u (A) gpNp¡ R>p¡ frkep ël¡fu

(2) S|>_u `p¡sX$u àl¡fu (b) L$pmp L$g`dp„ bp¡mp¡

(3) Qídp_u v$p„X$u hp„L$u (L$) iplu_u iuiuAp¡ Y$p¡mu

(4) d|R>p¡dp„ bpg A¡L$ ^p¡mp¡ (X$) Ap„Mp¡_u Apbê$ Y$p„L$u

k. 9. _uQ¡_u L$pìe `„[¼s_¡ ep¡Áe ¾$ddp„ Np¡W$hp¡ :

(1) ApS>¡ k`fdp¡ v$p'X$p¡ _hpCgpg ! (2) QL$gpdp„ Q¡su_¡ Qpgp¡, _hpCgpg !

(3) _v$uA¡ _phrZep„ L$fiy„, _hpCgpg ! (4) rkL$g sdpfu R>¡ cp¡mu, _hpCgpg !

k. 10. O¡f¥ep_u V$p¡mu_p sp¡ap__y„ hZ®_ sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ L$fp¡.

k. 11. ep¡Áe rhi¡jZ gMp¡ :

(1) ¼g` (2) v$p'X$p¡ (3) rkL$g (4) v$p„X$u (5) `p¡sX$u

22

k. 12. hQ_ bv$gp¡ :

(1) V$p¡ù (2) qv$hk (3) v$lpX$p¡ (4) `¥kp¡

(5) Mp_y„ (6) `p„v$Xy„$ (7) R>p¡L$fy„ (8) hps

k. 13. (A) _uQ¡_p âdpZ¡ q¾$ep`v$p¡_p ê$` gMp¡ :

v$p.s. : "L$fhy„' - · lz„ L$fui - Ad¡ L$fuiy„. · sy„ L$fi¡ - sd¡ L$fip¡. · s¡ L$fi¡ - s¡Ap¡ L$fi¡.

(1) S>hy„ (2) afhy„

(b) _d|_p âdpZ¡ A¡L$hQ_dp„ gMp¡ : v$p.s. : sd¡ Qpgp¡ - sy„ Qpg

(1) sd¡ dpNp¡ - (2) sd¡ b¡kp¡ - (3) sd¡ Åh -

k„cpjZ * sdpfp râe sl¡hpf rhi¡ hN®_p rdÓp¡_¡ L$lp¡.

âL$ë` * c¼s âl¹gpv$ rhi¡ rQÓkrls QpV®$ b_php¡.

lz„ hp„Qy„ ......... sd¡ `Z hp„Qp¡.

qv$hpmu_p v$uhp

qv$hpmu_p v$uh¡ v$uh¡ qv$g_p Üpf Mp¡ghp A¡ qv$hpmu_p¡ qv$ìe A\® R>¡. qv$hpmudp„ qv$g_u v$p¡gs L¡$ l¥ep_p rlkpb s`pku ky„v$f kfh¥ey„ L$pY$hy„ A¡ v$uhp_y„ flõe R>¡. qv$hpmu_p qv$hkp¡dp„ Ü¡j_p v$php_m_¡, h¡fT¡f_p rhj_¡ v|$f L$fu â¡d âL$pi_p„ `|„S> âNV$phhp_p R>¡. A„sfdp„ fl¡gp Aop_ê$` Adpk_p„ A„^pfp„ v|$f L$fu â¡d_u `|rZ®dp âL$pris L$fhp_u R>¡. qv$hpmu_p qv$hkp¡dp„ `yÎe_u `rhÓ âq¾$ep Üpfp `p` `„L$_y„ ânpg_ L$fu Aqfl„s_p _pv$¡ A„sf_¡ ÅN©s L$fh„y Å¡CA¡.qv$hpmu_p `rhÓ qv$hkp¡dp„ vy$íd_p¡_u vy$íd_phV$ v|$f L$fu, c°ps©cph_u cìe cph_p L¡$mhhu Å¡CA¡.

v$u`dpgp_p¡ âL$pi a¼s blpf_u vy$r_ep_¡ S> âL$pris L$f¡ R>¡, `Z A¡_p Üpfp A„sfdp„ hs®sp¡Aop_ê$ù A„^L$pf v|$f \sp¡ _\u. A¡ A„^L$pf v|$f \pe R>¡ A„sf\u L$f¡gu ^d®_u Apfp^_p_u fp¡i_u\u, ^d® âL$pi R>¡ A^d® A„^L$pf R>¡.

qv$hpmu_p qv$ìe A\®_¡, A¡_p kpfc|s flõe_¡, A¡_p iyc k„v¡$i_¡ S>¡ A_ykf¡ R>¡, s¡Ap¡ S> qv$hpmu_p qv$ìe Ap_„v$_¡ dpZu iL¡$ R>¡. qv$hpmu_p v$uh¡ v$uh¡ kÐe_p¡ âL$pi S>¡_¡ S>Zpe, kdÅe, A_ychpe A¡hu v$f¡L$ ìe[¼s_¡ qv$hpmu_y„ qv$ìe v$i®_ Ap„sf Äep¡rs âNV$ph_pfy„ b_¡ R>¡. A¡_p qv$g_y„ Üpf v$u`dpgp_u fp¡i_u\u

TNdNu DW¡$ R>¡.

sl¡hpfp¡ Ap`Zp Æh_dp„ iyÙ âpZhpey `|fp¡ `pX¡$ R>¡.

23

6. kpCL$g kp\¡ dpfp¡ â\d qv$hk

X$p¸. bmh„s s¡ÅZu

cph_Nfhpku X$p¸. bmh„s dp^pcpC s¡ÅZu_p¡ S>Þd 1-8-1970_p fp¡S> \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡Ap¡

rinL$ sfuL¡$ kq¾$e lp¡hp D`fp„s A_¡L$ kpdprS>L$ âh©rÑAp¡ L$f¡ R>¡. "v$i®L$$_u _hgL$\pAp¡_p„ _pfu`pÓp¡'

`f X$p¸¼V$f¡V$ L$f_pfp bmh„scpCA¡ NyS>fpsu cpjp_y„ ìepL$fZ A_¡ L¡$mhZu_p„ 16 yõsL$p¡_y„ g¡M_

k„ pv$_ L$ey R>¡. rhrh^ NyS>fpsu kpdreL$p¡dp„ g¡M_ L$f¡ R>¡. s¡d_¡ "rQÓL|$V$ A¡hp¸X®$-2017' A_¡ "NyS>fps

fpÄe î¡óW$ rinL$ A¡hp¸X®$-2017'\u kÞdpr_s L$fpep R>¡.

k|f L©$rs_p¡

âõsys L©$rsdp„ ApW$dp„ ^p¡fZdp„ cZsp A¡L$ rhÛp\}_p d__p cphrhð_y„ AkfL$pfL$ A_¡

ùv$eõì} iåv$p¡dp„ hZ®_ L$ey¯ R>¡. `p¡sp_u Apr\®L$ `qf[õ\rs_¡ L$pfZ¡ ApW$dp„ ^p¡fZdp„ Apìep `R>u

`l¡gp kÓdp„ sp¡ kfL$pfu bkdp„, R>L$X$pdp„ L¡$ `R>u ¼epf¡L$ ¼epf¡L$ `N¡ Qpgu_¡ `Z ipmpdp„ Nep. `f„sy

buÅ kÓ_p â\d qv$hk¡ `p¡sp_u kpCL$g `f W$pW$\u S>hp_p S>¡ d_k|bp OX$ép lsp„, s¡ "â\d N°pk¡

drnL$p'_u S>¡d L$L$X$c|k \C Nep lsp. g¡ML$_p d_dp„ Apsyfsp `Z flu _lp¡su. s¡\u s¡d_¡ S>¡

hkhkp¡ \sp¡ lsp¡ s¡_y„ hZ®_ hp„Qsp Ap`Z¡ `Z OX$ucf rhQpf L$fsp„ \C S>CA¡ R>uA¡. s¡dp„ `Z

`p¡sp_u kpCL$g `f AÞe_¡ Ap„V$p¡ dpfhp _uL$m¡gp¡ Å¡C_¡ s¡d_p d__u ìe\p QfdkudpA¡ `lp¢Q¡

R>¡. Mf¡Mf Aphp kde¡ iy„ L$fhy„ s¡_u kdS> `X$su _\u s¡\u QydpC_¡ b¡ku fl¡hp rkhpe L$p¡C rhL$ë`

bQsp¡ _\u.

A„sdp„ L$pL$pA¡ L$f¡gp `p¡sp_u kpCL$g_p hMpZ\u g¡ML$ k„sp¡j A_¡ ip„rs A_ych¡ R>¡.

qv$hpmu_¡ b¡`p„Q qv$hk_u hpf lsu. r`spÆ A¡L$ k„b„û `pk¡\u DR>u_p„ _pZp„ gC_¡ dpfp dpV¡$ A¡L$ kpCL$g gC Apìep lsp. "A¡V$gpk'_u Ap kpCL$g Aphsp„h¡s S> d_dp„ hku Ne¡gu. A¡L$v$d OpV$p¡ L$pmp¡ f„N, ApNm A_¡ `pR>m_p `„Mp `f "k„sp¡j' A_¡ "`yL$pf' qaëd_p„ gV$`qV$ep„, ApNm l¸ÞX$g D`f `Z kfk dÅ_y„ _p_y„ L¸$qfAf A_¡ Ndsp k|f fZL$phsu O„V$X$u. ApS>¡ "dp¡V$fNpX$u' hkphsp„ `Z S>¡ Ap_„v$ _\u Apìep¡, A¡ Ap_„v$ Ðepf¡ Ap kpCL$g¡ Ap`¡gp¡. bk lh¡ Ap h¸L¡$i_dp„ kpCL$g iuMu S>hp_u _¡ `R>u sp¡ A¡e_¡ b^p_u kp\¡ S> Aphhp S>hp_y„.

Npddp„ ^p¡fZ kps kyû_u S> kNhX$. bpSy>_y„ Npd R> qL$gp¡duV$f v|$f, Ðep„ lpB õL|$g_u kNhX$ Mfu. ^p¡fZ ApW$\u v$k_p v$k¡L$ rhÛp\}Ap¡ Ðep„ kpCL$g `f cZhp Åe. dpfy„ `Z ApW$dy„ ^p¡fZ iê$$ \ey„. `Z kpCL$g Ap kÓdp„ sp¡ _l] S> Aph¡ s¡hu `|fu kdS>Z kp\¡_u îÙp lsu. kpCL$g\u h„rQs b¡-ÓZ kp\uAp¡ Ad¡ bkdp„ õL|$g¡ S>sp. kp„S>¡ `pR>p hmsu hMs¡ sp¡ kfL$pfu bk dmu fl¡ `Z ArNepf hpN¡ bk _ dm¡

24

A¡V$g¡ R>L$X$p¡ L¡$ A¡hy„ L$iy„L$ d¡mhhp_y„ fl¡sy„. A¡_p dpV¡$ `pv$f b¡khy„ `X$sy„. sp¡e¡ Å¡ _ S> dm¡ sp¡ kpCL$ghpmp L$p¡CL$ ¼epf¡L$ Adpfp¡ lp\ `L$X$sp. ¼epf¡L$ hmu Åsdl¡_s T]v$pbpv$ L$fu_¡ _uL$mu S>hpdp„ `Z Mpk L„$C dyíL¡$gu A_ychpsu _lp¡su `Z buÅ_¡ fp¡S> kpCL$g `f Å¡hp_p fl¡sp A¡V$g¡ Of_y„ hpl_ lp¡e sp¡ dÅ Aph¡ A¡d sp¡ \sy„ S>. kÓ dp„X$ dp„X$ `|fy„ \e¡gy„.

bp`yÆ v$ffp¡S> bmv$NpXy„$ gC_¡ M¡sf¡ Åe. hms¡ qv$hk¡ S> kpCL$g s¡dp„ QX$phu. M¡sf_u bpSy>_u Myëgu S>Áepdp„ d¢ kpCL$g iuMhp_y„ Dv¹$OpV$_ L$ey„®. hl¡gpdp„ hl¡gu sL¡$ kpCL$g iuMu g¡hu bk A¡ S> A¡L$ dpÓ dpfy„ gÿe b_u Ney„. `R>u sp¡ ApMy„e¡ h¸L¡$i_ bk ApS> ¾$d füp¡. ûf¡ ûf¡ lz„ `mp¡V$psp¡ S>sp¡ lsp¡. `R>u sp¡ kpCL$g_u Nrs kp\¡ S> A¡L$bpSy>\u QX$sp„ `Z aphu Ne¡gy„. A¡_p¡ Ap_„v$ sp¡ hmu Ap¡f S> lsp¡.

bk, Aphsu L$pg¡ S> h¸¡L¡$i_ Mygsy„ lsy„. dlpL$rh L$prgv$pk_p "ApjpY$õe â\d qv$_¡' hZ®__u S>¡d kpCL$g kp\¡_p ipmp_p `l¡gp qv$hk_u d_¡ Apsyfsp lsu. `pR>gp L¸$qfAf _uQ¡ qV$qa_ bp„^hp dpV¡$ v$p¡fu_u N|„\Zu `Z A_ychu rdÓ_¡ kp\¡ fpMu L$fu guû lsu. k]Ns¡g_p„ V$u`p„e S>ê$f _lp¡su sp¡e¡ Äep„ Ðep„ Ap¸Cg_p rhL$ë`¡ d|L$u v$u^p„ lsp„. TuZhV$`|h®L$ ApMue¡ kpCL$g D`f `pZuhpmy„ `p¡sy„ a¡fhu v$u^y„ lsy„. O„V$X$u_p AhpS>_¡ `Z sbgQu_u Av$p\u bfpbf kp„cmu gu^p¡ lsp¡. bk lh¡ sp¡ L$pg¡ kpX$p _h¡ A¡e _¡...

ûf¡ ûf¡ kp„S> `X$u flu lsu. h¸L¡$i_ v$frdep__u `pv$f_u R>¡ëgu dygpL$ps k„L¡$gu O¡f Aphsp¡ lsp¡. L$pL$p_u L$qfepZp_u vy$L$p_ `pk¡\u `kpf \ep¡. L$pL$pA¡ bp¡gpìep¡ :

"A¡ cpC, L$pg¡ L¡$V$gp hpN¡ r_ipm¡ S>hp_y„ R>¡?' DÐkpldp„ S> bp¡gu S>hpey„, "bk kpX$p _h Apk`pk'.

"L$p„C hp„^p¡ _l] dpf¡ Aphhy„ R>¡.' L$lu_¡ L$pL$pA¡ OfpL$ k„cpþey„. d¢ dpfu Ås_¡ k„cpmu sp¡e Ap„M¡ A„^pfp_y„ A¡L$ gMgMy„ `kpf \C Ney„. `l¡gp qv$hk¡ Npd hÃQp¡hQ qV$qa_-v$ãsf kp\¡ _uL$mhp_p¡ "W$pW$' L$X$X$c|k \ep¡ gpÁep¡. kpCL$g `f b¡ku_¡ Npd_u dy¿e bÅf¡\u S> _uL$mhp_p qv$hkp¡ S|>_p d_k|bp_¡ d|rR>®s \sp¡ A_ychpep¡. sfs S> byqÙ hlpf¡ QX$u :

"`Z L$pL$p, L$pg¡ `l¡gp¡ qv$hk R>¡ _¡ A¡V$g¡ L$v$pQ \p¡Xy„$ hl¡gy„ S>hp_y„e¡ \pe.'

"L$p¡C hp„^p¡ _l], sy„ L$l¡ Ðepf¡ lz„ s¥epf bk.' L$pL$p DhpQ.

dpfp r_Z®ep¡_¡ ApV$gp„ Dv$pfsp\u g¡_pf L$pL$p_¡ lh¡ sp¡ iy„ L$l¡hy„?

lpf¡gp ep¡Ùp_u Av$p\u O¡f Apìep¡. hpmy L$fhpdp„ Mpk dÅ _ Aphu. "L$p¡C hp„^p¡ _l], lSy> L$pg¡ L$v$pQ L$pL$p _ `Z Aph¡.' d¢ d_¡ S> Apðpk_ Apàey„ A_¡ KO Aphu NC.

khpfdp„ ÅNsp„h¢s kpCL$g_p„ v$i®_ L$fu gu^p„. d_p¡d_ lku gu^y„, `Z `pRy>„ fps_y„ A_yk„^p_ Å¡X$pC Ney„. bfpbf khp _h¡ r_iprmep¡ b_u _uL$þep¡. `Z vy$L$p_¡ Apìep¡ Ðep„ L$pL$p dpfu fpl¡ S> lp¡e A¡hy„ gpÁey„.

b^p¡ S> lfM l¥epdp„ ^fbu_¡ kpCL$g_y„ kyL$p_ L$pL$p_¡ kp¢àey„. lz„ buÅ_u kpCL$g `pR>m b¡ksp¡ lp¡J A¡d Mcpdp„ v$ãsf gV$L$phu Ap¡riepmp¡ \C_¡ L¸$qfAf `f b¡ku Nep¡. kp¥_u k„Np\¡ S> O„V$X$u_p spg¡ l„L$pfu S>hp_p d_k|bpdp„ `l¡g¡ S> L$p¡rme¡ dpMu Aphu. hmu L$pL$p_¡ sp¡ L$p¡C_u fpl¡ fl¡hp_y„ ¼ep„ lp¡e ! A¡V$g¡ ApS>¡ sp¡ b¡-ÓZ rdÓp¡ S>¡ v$ffp¡S> kp\¡ fl¡sp s¡ `Z _l]. ApMp h¸L¡$i_ v$frdep__p¡ kpCL$g kp\¡_p¡ hl¡hpf hZ®hhp¡ `Z L$p¡_¡ ?

25

L$pL$p d_¡ M¢Qsp„ lsp A¡V$g¡ s¡Ap¡ d|„Np S> fl¡; A_¡ lz„ dpfp hkhkp_¡ L$pfZ¡ d|„Np¡ lsp¡. hmu, A¡d_¡ `Z kpCL$g Qgphhp_u `|fu Ly$imsp _\u A¡hy„ `Z d_¡ gpÁey„. A_¡ lz„ `Z A¡L$ bpSy> S> b¡W$p¡ lsp¡ A¡V$g¡ TX$`\u Dsfu S>hp_u A_yL|$msp `Z d_¡ lsu S>. R>¡L$ kyû d_¡ A¡L$ rhQpf\u ip„rs \su lsu L¡$ - kp„S> kyû sp¡ L$pL$p ¼ep„ fp¡L$php_p R>¡. hmsu hMs¡ sp¡ Ap`Z¡ A¡L$gp S> _¡ !

lpC õL|$g_p¡ v$fhpÅ¡ Apìep¡. lh¡, v$fhpÅ_u A„v$f sp¡ lz„ S> gC S>hp_p¡ _¡. `Z dpfu S>¡d d|„Np flu_¡ L$pL$pA¡ `Z L„$CL$ Sy>vy„$ S> rhQpf¡gy„ li¡ A¡V$g¡ d_¡ L$l¡, "spf¡ fÅ sp¡ `p„Q hpÁe¡ S> `X¡$ R>¡ _¡. Ðep„ sp¡ lz„ Aphu S>hp_p¡.' s¡Ap¡ d_¡ `|R>¡ R>¡ L¡$ õhNs bp¡g¡ R>¡ s¡ dpfp\u _½$u _ \C i¼ey„. lz„ Dsfu `X$ép¡. "g|„V$pC Nep¡ dpfp¡ gpM MÅ_p¡' `„[¼s_¡ Tufhu füp¡ lp¡J A¡hu Ahõ\pdp„ dpfp¡ v$fhpÅdp„ âh¡i \ep¡. âp\®_p sp¡ sØ_ e„Óhs¹ Ahõ\pdp„ d¢ `|fu L$fu. hN®M„X$dp„ ApS>¡ `l¡gu hMs cZhp_y„ AL$pfy„ gpÁey„.

dp„X$ b`p¡f_u qfk¡k `X$u. rdÓp¡_¡ dpfu ìe\p hl¢Qsp¡-hl¢Qsp¡ lz„ fp¡X$ `f Apìep¡. ifuf¡ kyMu A¡L$ kpCL$gkhpf kpd¡\u Aphsp¡ lsp¡. dpfu ×[óV$ s¡_p `f [õ\f \C. kpCL$g _ÆL$ Aphu A_¡ dpfu Ap„M¡ A„^pfp„ Aphu Nep„. A¡ kpCL$g dpfu S> lsu s¡ khpf rbgLy$g dpfp AÅÎep lsp. d¢ rdÓp¡_¡ TX$`\u hps L$fu.

"Ap kpCL$g sp¡ dpfu R>¡.' klz dpf¡ hlpf¡ ^pep.

kpCL$g Ecu fpMhp_¡ rdÓp¡A¡ s¡d_¡ L$üy„ - "A¡ cpC, Ap kpCL$g sp¡ Ap_u R>¡. ApS>¡ S> s¡ õL|$g¡ gC_¡ Apìep¡ R>¡. s¡_¡ Apù v$p¡.'

26

sÐnZ s¡Ap¡ hÛp - "kpCL$g sp¡ R>¡ `v$diucpC_u.'

d¢ L$üy„, "lp, `Z dpfp L$pL$p R>¡. Ad¡ Ap kpCL$g `f S> Apìep.'

"s¡ Apìep lip¡. C BV$prmep Npd¡ Áep R>¡. kpCL$g Adpf¡ Of¡ d|L$u R>¡, s¡ lz„ Ap„V$p¡ dpfhp _uL$þep¡.'

s¡_p¡ bpv$iplu S>hpb kp„cmu Ad_¡ klz_¡ v$gug L$fhp_y„ ìe\® gpÁey„. S>¡ O„V$X$u_¡ ApS>¡ dpf¡ bÅhhp_u lsu s¡_¡ V²$u_ V²$u_ L$fsp„L$_¡ s¡Ap¡ sp¡ hl¡sp \ep. dpfu Ap [õ\rs_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡d_¡ rhi¡j Ap_„v$ Apìep¡ lp¡e A¡hy„ d_¡ A_ychpey„. `pR>gp `„Mp `f gV$L$sy„ "k„sp¡j' gV$`qV$ey„ dpfp¡ Ak„sp¡j h^pfu_¡ ÅZ¡ dpfu díL$fu L$fu füy„ lsy„ ! kp¥A¡ d_¡ Apðpk_ Apàey„. L$p¡C kp\¡ _ lp¡s sp¡ dpfp\u fX$u `X$pey„ lp¡s. "kud kud Myg Å' bp¡ghp\u Å¡ dp¡V$u rigp Mku S>su lp¡e, sp¡ Ap kpCL$g_¡ afsu b„^ L$fhp_p¡ L$p¡C d„Ó _l] lp¡e?

cpf¡ l¥e¡ afu hN®M„X$dp„ âh¡íep¡. `Z dpfp¡ spf sp¡ kpCL$g kp\¡ S> Å¡X$pe¡gp¡ lsp¡. R> drl_p\u S>¡ qv$hk_u âsunp lsu, s¡ qv$hk¡ S> dpf¡ ApV$gy„ kl_ L$fhy„ `X$i¡ A¡_u sp¡ d_¡ L$ë`_pe¡ ¼ep„\u lp¡e?

qfk¡k `R>u\u fÅ kyû_p¡ v$p¡Y$ L$gpL$ lz„ hN®M„X$dp„ dpÓ ipfuqfL$ fus¡ S> lpS>f lsp¡. d_¡ L¡$V$L¡$V$gp rhQpfp¡A¡ O¡fu gu^¡gp¡ : "ApV$gp¡ ÅqX$ep¡ dpZk dpfu kpCL$g_u qf„N sp¡ _l] hpmu v¡$ _¡ ? V$p¡L$fu_u S>ê$f _lp¡su sp¡e¡ hNpX$ép L$fsp¡'sp¡, bNpX$u sp¡ _l] _pM¡ _¡? Nd¡ s¡d Qgphsp¡ lsp¡. L$v$pQ `„¼Qf `Z `pX$u v¡$.' L$pL$p_p õ_¡l-Apv$f D`f `Z OX$ucf L$X$hpi afu hmu. A¡d_¡e ApS>¡ S> k|Tey„. L$pg¡ _lp¡sy„ Ahpsy„. "Ap dp¡V$p„ dp¡V$p„ hpl__p dprgL$p¡ `p¡s¡ s¡_¡ L¡$d _l] Qgphsp„ lp¡e? X²$pBhf_¡ lp„L$hp v¡$sp A¡_p¡ Æh L¡$d Qpgsp¡ li¡?

Ap L$ë`_pdp„ hmu dpfy„ Brslpkop_ `Z dv$v$dp„ Apìey„. dpfu kpCL$g sp¡ ApS>_p qv$hk `|fsu S> dpfu `pk¡ _\u, `Z rkÙfpS>¡ `k„v$ L$f¡gu fpZL$v¡$hu S|>_pNY$_p fpÅ fpM¢Npf_u L$pedu fpZu b_u li¡ Ðepf¡ rkÙfpS>_u d_:[õ\rs L¡$hu \C li¡? râe hõsy_p¡ rhep¡N L¡$V$gp¡ ApL$fp¡ lp¡e s¡_p A_ychdp„\u ApS>¡ Myv$ lz„ `kpf \C füp¡ lsp¡. `l¡gp kÓdp„ L$rh L$pÞs_y„ "Q¾$hpL$rd\y_' cZ¡gp s¡_u `„[¼sAp¡ õdfZ¡ QX$u :

"gp„bp R>¡ Äep„ qv$_ râe kMu, fprÓA¡ v$uO® s¡hu...'

ipmp_p¡ `l¡gp¡ S> qv$hk lsp¡ A¡V$g¡ A¡L$ spk hl¡gu fÅ `X$u. fÅ_p¡ b¡g `X$ép¡ A_¡ AQp_L$ hN® kp\¡ dpfy„ k„^p_ \ey„. TX$`\u v$fhpS>¡ sp¡ Apìep¡, `Z lÆ ¼ep„ `p„Q hpÁep lsp? Ap_„v$ kp\¡ O„V$X$uAp¡ fZTZphsp kp¥ v$fhpÅ blpf _uL$mu füp lsp. b^p_p dyM `f_p¡ Ap_„v$ ApS> ÅZ¡ dpfu ùX$p h^pfu füp¡ lsp¡. ûf¡ ûf¡ b^p S> rhv$pe \C Q|¼ep lsp. `p„Q _¡ `p„Q rdr_V$_p¡ kydpf \ep¡. dpfu _S>f R>¡L$ i¡fu_p M|Z¡ [õ\f \C NC lsu. L$pL$p_¡ v|$f\u Aphsp Å¡ep _¡ lz„ V$Ë$pf \ep¡. kpCL$g_p¡ ApMp qv$hk_p¡ rhfl ûf¡ ûf¡ Ap¡Nmhp dp„X$ép¡. qv$hk ApMp¡ `p¡sp_u dp\u rhM|Vy„$ `X¡$gy„ hpR>fXy„$ S>¡d dp_p rdgp` kp\¡ S>, ApMp qv$'_u h¡v$_p rhkfu Åe, s¡d lz„ `Z d_dp„ lfMpC_¡ kpCL$g `f Np¡W$hpC Nep¡. L$pL$pA¡ dpfu fp¡TX$u_¡ l„L$pfu d|L$u.

Npddp„ Aphu_¡ kpCL$g d_¡ kp¢`su hMs¡ A¡dZ¡ L$üy„,"b¡V$p, spfu kpCL$g `pZu_p f¡gp S>¡hu R>¡. l¡guL$p¡àV$f_u S>¡d OX$uhpfdp„ b¡e_¡ gphu v$u^p.' A¡d_p L$l¡gp iåv$p¡\u s¡ fpÓu d_¡ S>¡ KO Aphu R>¡....!

27

AÝep`_ k„L¡$s

âõsys L©$rs_y„ AÝep`_ L$fphhp_u iê$Apsdp„ "ipmpdp„ dpfp¡ â\d qv$hk' rhje f

QQp® L$fhu. s¡_p Ap^pf¡ L$p¡C`Z bpbsdp„ "â\d qv$hk'_u S>¡ Apsyfsp lp¡e, sÐ`fsp lp¡e

s¡_u hps L$fu âõsys L©$rs_p AÝep`__u iê$Aps L$fhu. gOyâñp¡ `|R>u `|R>u_¡ rhjehõsy_y„

õ`óV$uL$fZ L$fhy„, kpCL$g_p¡ Dèp¡N L$fhp\u \sp apev$pAp¡ rhi¡ QQp® L$fhu. `p¡sp_u hõsy

AÞe L$p¡C hp`f¡ Ðepf¡ Ap`Zp d_dp„ L¡$hp L¡$hp rhQpfp¡ Op¡mpep L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_u hps L$fu kpfp

rhQpfp¡ dpV¡$ â¡qfs L$fhp. hqX$gp¡ âÐe¡ Apv$f L¡$mhhp_u `Z â¡fZp Ap`hu. A_¡ buÅA¡

Ap`Zpdp„ rhðpk d|L$u Ap`Z¡ Ðep„ fpM¡gu hõsy_u L$pmÆ `p¡sp_u hõsy_u L$pmÆ L$fsp„

`Z h^pf¡ fpMhu Å¡CA¡ s¡_u kdS> Ap`hu. rhÛp\}Ap¡ `pk¡\u s¡d_p Æh__p L$p¡C

epv$Npf âk„Np¡ ÅZhp_p¡ âeÐ_ L$fhp¡.

õhpÝepe

k. 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ `pW$dp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ ip¡^p¡ :

(1) _]v$f (2) gX$h¥ep¡ (3) l¡sy (4) N°plL$

(5) Cfpv$p¡$ (6) qv$gpkp¡ (7) rhep¡N (8) d¡mp`

k. 2. EgV$p¡ A\® v$ip®hsp¡ iåv$ gMp¡ :

(1) Apv$f (2) kNhX$ (3) â\d (4) A_ychu

(5) tTv$pbpv$ (6) Dv$pf (7) DÐkpl (8) d|„Np

k. 3. iåv$kd|l dpV¡$ A¡L$ iåv$ gMp¡ : (`pW$_p Ap^pf¡)

(1) kp„S> `R>u_y„ - fps_y„ cp¡S>_- (2) Qpf\u h^y dpZkp¡ b¡ku iL¡$ s¡hy„ hpl_-

(3) b¡ L¡$ h^pf¡ hõsyAp¡dp„\u Nd¡ s¡ A¡L$ `k„v$ L$fhp_u R|>V$ - (4) L$pe® rkÙ _ \sp„ d_dp„ \sp¡ DÜ¡N-

k. 4. _uQ¡_p ê$qY$âep¡Np¡_p A\® ip¡^p¡ :

(1) d_dp„ hku S>hy„ (2) `mp¡V$pC S>hy„ (3) hlpf¡ QX$hy„

(4) Ap„M¡ A„^pfp Aphhp (5) AL$pfy„ gpNhy„ (6) Ap¡riepmp \hy„

k. 5. D`f_p rkhpe `pW$dp„ Aphsp AÞe `p„Q ê$qY$âep¡Np¡ ip¡û_¡ gMp¡.

k. 6. gMp¡ :

(1) g¡ML$ dpV¡$ kpCL$g gph_pf - (2) g¡ML$_p L$pL$p_y„ _pd -

(3) g¡ML$ kp\¡ kpCL$g `f â\d qv$hk¡ S>_pf - (4) fpÅ fpM¢Npf_u fpZu -

(5) g¡ML$_p L$pL$p S>¡ Npd¡ Nep lsp s¡ Npd_y„ _pd - (6) g¡ML$_u kpCL$g_¡ A`pe¡gy„ D`_pd -

28

k. 7. ep¡Áe rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$fu A^|fp rh^p_ `|Z® L$fp¡.

(1) qfk¡k `R>u g¡ML$ hN®M„X$dp„ dpÓ ipfuqfL$ fus¡ S> lpS>f flu i¼ep. L$pfZ L¡$ -------------

(A) s¡Ap¡ L$pL$p_p S> rhQpf L$fsp lsp (b) hpl_p¡_p dprgL$_p rhQpf Aphsp lsp

(L$) p¡sp_u kpCL$g bpbs_p A_¡L$ rhQpfp¡A¡ s¡d_¡ O¡fu gu^p lsp

(2) g¡ML$_¡ A¡L$ L$gpL$ hl¡gu fÅ `X$u NC. L$pfZ L¡$ ------------- (A) ipmpdp„ DÐkh DS>hpep¡ lsp¡ (b) h¸L¡$i_ `R>u ipmp_p¡ `l¡gp¡ S> qv$hk lsp¡

(L$) ipmpdp„ `funp Qpgy lsu

(3) g¡ML$ kpCL$g `f d|„Np S> b¡ku füp lsp. L$pfZ L¡$ -------------

(A) s¡d_¡ hkhkp¡ lsp¡ (b) L$pL$pA¡ s¡d_¡ bp¡ghp_u _p `pX$u lsu

(L$) s¡d_¡ `X$u S>hp_p¡ X$f gpNsp¡ lsp¡

(4) kpCL$g kp\¡_p ipmp_p `l¡gp qv$hk_u Apsyfsp dpV¡$_u D`dp Apù R>¡ ------------- (A) L$rh L$pÞs_p "QL$hpL$rd\y_'_u `„[¼s_u (b) g|„V$pC Nep¡ dpfp¡ gpM MÅ_p¡ `„[¼s_u

(L$) dlpL$rh L$prgv$pk_p "ApjpY$õe â\d qv$_¡'_u

k. 8. kdÆ_¡ gMp¡ :

(1) kpCL$g_y„ hZ®_ - (2) kpCL$g g¡ML$_¡ kp¢`su hMs¡ L$pL$pA¡ L$l¡gp„ b¡ hp¼ep¡ -

(3) qfk¡kdp„ `p¡sp_u kpCL$g `f AÞe khpf_¡ Å¡C_¡ g¡ML$_p d_dp„ O¡fpC Ne¡gp rhQpfp¡ -


(1) `l¡gp qv$hk¡ g¡ML$ L$pL$p kp\¡ kpCL$g `f Nep. (2) g¡ML$_p L$pL$p CV$prmep Npd¡ Nep.

(3) g¡ML$_p r`sp kpCL$g gC Apìep. (4) g¡ML$ kpCL$g Qgphsp iuMu Nep.

k. 10. kpCL$g _lp¡su Ðepf¡ g¡ML$ r_ipm¡ L¡$hu fus¡ S>sp -Aphsp„ s¡ sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ gMp¡.

k. 11. ep¡Áe rhfpdrQŒp¡ d|L$u hp¼e afu\u gMp¡ :

(1) A¡ cpC L$pg¡ L¡$V$gp hpN¡ r_ipm¡ S>hp_y„ R>¡ (2) A¡ cpC Ap kpCL$g sp¡ Ap_u R>¡

(3) kpCL$g Adpf¡ Of¡ d|L$u R>¡ s¡ lz„ Ap„V$p¡ dpfhp _uL$þep¡ (4) b¡V$p spfu kpCL$g `pZu_p f¡gp S>¡hu R>¡

k. 12. _uQ¡_p„ hp¼ep¡dp„ Aphsp iåv$p¡_y„ hN}L$fZ L$fu Ap`¡gp L$p¡W$pdp„ gMp¡.

(1) bp`yÆ v$ffp¡S> bmv$NpXy„$ gC_¡ M¡sf¡ Åe. (3) ûf¡ ûf¡ b^p S> rhv$pe \C Q|¼ep lsp.

(2) rdÓp¡_¡ dpfu ìe\p hl¢Qsp¡ hl¢Qsp¡ lz„ fp¡X$ `f Apìep¡. (4) lz„ ApMp qv$'_u h¡v$_p rhkfu Nep¡.

_pd kh®_pd rhi¡jZ q¾$ep`v$

29

k. 13. _uQ¡_p hp¼ep¡_y„ NyS>fpsu cpjp„sf L$fp¡ :

(1) Si t on t hi s c ha i r. (2) Seeta and Geeta went to the marke t.

(3) T eac he r i s teac hi ng us Guj arati . (4) Gopa l was s l eepi ng ye s terda y.

(5) I wi l l go M um ba i wi th my f athe r. (6) W e are pl ayi ng i n t he ga rde n.

(7) Gi rl s were da nc i ng. (8) I am watc hi ng T .V .

(9) H e works i n a f ac tory. (10) W he re di d s he go ?

(11) At wha t ti me s hop c l os es ? (12) I wi l l gi ve hi m ni c e gi f t.

(13) J i mi t want ed t o go t o the mus eum . (14) The crow is flying.

(15) T omorrow wi l l be hol i da y i n t he s c hool .

k„cpjZ * "kpCL$g'_p¡ Dèp¡N L$fhp\u \sp apev$pAp¡ rhi¡ kd|ldp„ QQp® L$fp¡.

âL$ë` * "âv|$jZ v|$f L$fhp_p¡ A¡L$ î¡óW$ D`pe kpCL$g_p¡ Dèp¡N L$fhp¡ s¡ R>¡.' Ap bpbs gp¡L$p¡dp„ ÅN©rs

gphhp sd¡ S>¡ S>¡ âeÐ_p¡ L$fu iL$p¡ s¡ V|„$L$dp„ gMu_¡ A¡L$ c]s`ÓL$ b_php¡.

lz„ hp„Qy„ ......... sd¡ `Z hp„Qp¡.

hpfkp¡

A¡L$ h©Ù dfZ`\pfu D`f lsp. s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_p `yÓ_¡ `p¡sp_u `pk¡ bp¡gpìep¡.

`R>u h©Ù L$l¡ : "b¡V$p, lz„ Nfub füp¡. spf¡ dpV¡$ `pR>m d|L$u S>hp kp{$ dpfu `pk¡ L$p„C d|X$u _\u. `Z dpfp bp`¡ d_¡ S>¡ Apàey„ lsy„ s¡ ApS>¡ lz„ s_¡ Ap`sp¡ ÅJ Ry>„. tS>v$Nucf sy„ s¡_¡ kpQhS>¡. Äepf¡ s_¡ ¾$p¡^ QX¡$ Ðepf¡ Qp¡huk L$gpL$ `l¡gp„ sy„ s¡_p¡ S>hpb hpmsp¡ _l]. Qp¡huk L$gpL$ huÐep bpv$ sy„ S>hpb Apù iL¡$. bk

ApV$gu "d|X$u' lz„ s_¡ hpfkpdp„ Ap`sp¡ ÅJ Ry>„.'

r`spA¡ Ap`¡gu "d|X$u' v$uL$fpA¡ Æìep¡ Ðep„ kyû kpQhu. Ap\u s¡ OÏ„ L$dpep¡. s¡_¡ Æh_dp„ OZp„ A`dp_ kl_ L$fhp„ `X$ép„. ¾$p¡^ QX¡$ A¡hp A_¡L$ k„Å¡Np¡ hpf„hpf Ecp \ep; `Z r`sp_p„ hQ_p¡ epv$ fpMu `yÓ¡ `qf[õ\rs k„cpmu guû. kpdu ìe[¼s_¡ s¡ ip„rs\u L$l¡sp¡ L¡$, "Ap_p¡ S>hpb lz„ sd_¡ Qp¡huk L$gpL$ bpv$ Apùi.' Qp¡huk L$gpL$ bpv$ A¡_p d_dp„ `¡v$p \e¡gp¡ fp¡j, h¡f_u cph_p BÐepqv$ Ap`d¡m¡ Ap¡Nmu S>sp„. `R>u A¡ ApMp¡ âk„N A¡_¡ A¡V$gp¡ sp¡ _Æhp¡ gpNsp¡ L¡$ A`dp__p¡ bv$gp¡ hpmhp s¡ `pR>p¡ `¡gu ìe[¼sApNm L$v$u S>sp¡ _l]. Apd L$fsp„ s¡_p ùv$edp„\u b^p¡ ¾$p¡^ A×íe \sp¡. s¡_y„ ùv$e õhÃR> b_u S>sy„. A¡R>p¡L$fp¡ dp¡V$p¡ \sp„ NyS>£a _pd¡ dp¡V$p op_u `y{$j sfuL¡$ OZu ¿eprs `pçep¡.

- b¡àku A¡[ÞS>r_ef

kpCL$g hp`fp¡, âv|$jZ r_hpfp¡.

30

7. dpZk R>¡.

L©$óZ v$h¡

s¡d_p¡ S>Þd 4 kàV¡$çbf, 1963_p fp¡S> Adf¡gu rS>ëgp_p qv$sgp Npd¡ \ep¡ lsp¡. bu.A¡.

kyû_p¡ Aæepk L$fu lpg s¡Ap¡ Adv$phpv$ Mps¡ fuTh® b¸ÞL$ Ap¸a C[ÞX$epdp„ L$pe®fs R>¡. s¡d_p "âlpf'

s\p "hp„kgX$u X$p¡V$ L$p¡d' L$pìek„N°lp¡ âL$pris \ep R>¡. s¡dZ¡ "cp¢vy$cpC sp¡ap_u' _pd¡ bpmL$pìep¡_p¡

k„N°l `Z Apàep¡ R>¡. Ap k„N°l_p L$pìep¡_u Ap¡qX$ep¡ kuX$u s\p L¡$k¡V¹$k `Z s¥epf \C R>¡. NyS>fpsu

kprlÐe `qfjv$ A_¡ NyS>fpsu kprlÐe AL$pv$du sfa\u s¡d_¡ rhrh^ `pqfsp¡rjL$p¡ âpàs \ep R>¡.

k|f L©$rs_p¡

âõsys L$pìedp„ âL©$rs_p sÐhp¡_p¡ L$dpZu_p kp^_ sfuL¡$ Dèp¡N L$f_pfp õhp\}-

buT_¡kd¡__y„ hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. L$dpZu L$fhp dpV¡$ L$p¡C`Z sL$_¡ TX$ù g¡hpdp„ Ly$imsp

v$pMhsp dpZkp¡ sL$kp^y b_u_¡ `p¡sp_p¡ õhp\® kpû g¡ R>¡. Aphp buT_¡kd¡_ sfa L$V$pn L$fsp„ L$rh

L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$, TpL$m_p `pDQ b_ph¡ R>¡, AS>hpmp_p¡ k„N°l L$fu k|fS>_¡ ågp¡L$ L$fhp_u spL$ps bsphu

`p¡s¡ sX$L$p¡ \C_¡ ìepù Åe R>¡.

k„b„^p¡_¡ dpù-sp¡gu_¡ fpM¡ R>¡. Ql¡fp `f lpõe bsphsp dpZk_¡ gpNZu kp\¡ õ_p_-

k|sL$_p¡ `Z k„b„^ lp¡sp¡ _\u. `„MuAp¡_p L$gfh_y„ f¡L$p¡qX¯$N L$fu_¡ s¡_u `Z h¡`pfubyqÙ\u AphL$

L$fhp s¥epf \C Åe R>¡.

lksp„ lksp„ `Z S>ep„-S>ep„\u gpc dm¡ Ðep„ Ðep„\u s¡ gpc d¡mhu g¡ R>¡. ApL$pi_¡

`p¡sp_u dprgL$u v$ip®hu k|fS>, Q„Ö, spfp A_¡ hpv$mp¡ `Z ^„^p_u A¡fZ¡ QX$phu v¡$ R>¡. gpNZuAp¡_p

i|ÞephL$pidp„ `Z d_yóe `p¡sp_p¡ S> gpc gC g¡hp_u Ly$_¡l ^fph¡ R>¡.

`s„rNep_u `p„Mp¡ R>p`¡, dpZk R>¡, buT_¡k L$f¡ R>¡.

TpL$m Z pDQdp„ Ap`¡, dpZk R>¡, buT_¡k L$f¡ R>¡.

AS>hpmp_p¡ õV$p¡L$ L$fu_¡, k|fS>_¡ `Z ågp¡L$ L$fu_¡,

`p¡s¡ sX$L$p¡ \B_¡ ìep`¡, dpZk R>¡, buT_¡k L$f¡ R>¡.

k„b„^p¡_u apBg fpMu_¡ Ql¡fp `f õdpBg fpMu_¡,

gpNZuAp¡ g¡kf\u L$p`¡, dpZk R>¡, buT_¡k L$f¡ R>¡.

iåv$, iåv$_¡ hpV$u hpV$u, A\p£_y„ L¡$rdL$g R>p„V$u,

S>mdp„ Z rQ_Npfu Qp„`¡, dpZk R>¡, buT_¡k L$f¡ R>¡.

31

AÝep`_ k„L¡$s

âõsys L©$rs_y„ AÝep`_ L$fphhp_u iê$Apsdp„ Sy>v$pSy>v$p ìehkpep¡_u hps L$fu_¡

buT_¡kd¡__p¡ rhõs©s `qfQe Ap`hp¡. L¡$hp âL$pf_p buT_¡k \pe R>¡ s¡_u QQp® L$fhu.

Ðepf`R>u sp„rÓL$ eyN_p ep„rÓL$ dpZkp¡ Ly$v$fsu sÒhp¡_¡ L$dpZu_y„ kp^_ b_phu iL¡$ R>¡. s¡

hps L$fu L$pìe_p rhjehõsy_¡ Ýep_dp„ fpMu gOyâñp¡ `|R>u_¡ L$pìedp„ âõsys buT_¡k_y„

õ`ô$uL$fZ L$fhy„. ìephkpreL$ dp_huAp¡_u byÌ$u b_u Ne¡gu gpNZu rhi¡ hps L$fu Ly$v$fsu

sÒhp¡_u ÅmhZu dpV¡$ rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ â¡fZp Ap`hu k„b„^p¡_p kfhpmp A_¡ gpNZuAp¡_p

NyZpL$pf L$fhp ep¡Áe ×ô$p„sp¡ Ap`hp. ìy, `„Mu, S>m, ÆhS>„sy, k|e®, Q„Ö, spfp, h©n

hN¡f¡_p S>s_ dpV¡$_p D`pep¡_u QQp® L$fhu.

õhpÝepe

k. 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L$pìedp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ ip¡^p¡ :

(1) azvy„$ (2) Ap¡k (3) frh (4) hv$_

(5) sZMp¡ (6) gp¡M„X$ (7) iiu (8) ìep¡d

k. 2. rhfp¡û A\® v$ip®hsp¡ iåv$ gMp¡ :

(1) A„^pfy„ (2) ^fsu (3) CÃR>p (4) ApL$j®L$

k. 3. iåv$kd|l dpV¡$ A¡L$ iåv$ Ap`p¡ :

(1) riepmp_u khpf¡ `p„v$X$p„ `f `X¡$gp S>m_p tbvy$ - (2) `„MuAp¡_p¡ d^yf Ýhr_ -

(3) ApL$pidp„ A¡L$W$p¡ \e¡gp¡ hfpm_p¡ kd|l - (4) dp¢\u aw„L$pe¡gp¡ `h_ -

k. 4. L$pìedp„ Dëg¡Mpe¡gp A„N°¡Æ iåv$p¡_u epv$u b_php¡ A_¡ s¡_u kpd¡ NyS>fpsu iåv$ gMp¡.

k. 5. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡_¡ hZ®dpmp_p ¾$d âdpZ¡ Np¡W$hp¡ :

k|fS> QL$dL$ `s„rNey„ AS>hpmy„ gpNZu L$gfh iåv$ dpZk V$lzL$p¡ hpv$m

k. 6. L$pìedp„\u âpkey¼s iåv$p¡_u Å¡X$u ip¡^p¡.

L$gfh_¡ `Z V¡$` L$fu_¡, L„$W$ D`f `Z f¸` L$fu_¡,

dp„Np¡ s¡ V$lwL$p Apgp`¡, dpZk R>¡, buT_¡k L$f¡ R>¡.

QL$dL$ gp¡Yy„$ Oksp„ Oksp„, aw„L$ gNphu lksp lksp

S>ep„ S>ep„ kmN¡ Ðep„ Ðep„ sp ¡, dpZk R>¡, buT_¡k L$f¡ R>¡.

`p¡sp_y„ ApL$pi bsphu, k|fS>, spfp QÞÖ NZphu.

hpv$m awV$`Ë$u\u dp`¡, dpZk R>¡, buT_¡k L$f¡ R>¡.

32

k. 7. ep¡Áe rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$fu_¡ hp¼ep¡ afu\u gMp¡ :

(1) dpZk AS>hpmp_p¡ õV$p¡L$ L$fu_¡ ------------------ (A) h¡bkpCV$_¡ ågp¡L$ L$f¡ R>¡ (b) Q„Ö_¡ ågp¡L$ L$f¡ R>¡ (L$) k|fS>_¡ ågp¡L$ L$f¡ R>¡

(2) dpZk k|fS>, spfp, Q„Ö NZu_¡ ------------------ (A) ApL$pi awV$`Ë$u\u dp`¡ R>¡ (b) hpv$m awV$`Ë$u\u dp`¡ R>¡ (L$) ^fsu awV$`Ë$u\u dp`¡ R>¡

(3) S>ep„ S>ep„ L„$C kmNsy„ lp¡e Ðep„ Ðep„ dpZk ------------------ (A) `p¡s¡ sp`¡ R>¡ (b) ApN Ap¡gh¡ R>¡ (L$) aw„L$ dpf¡ R>¡

k. 8. Mpgu S>Áepdp„ ep¡Áe iåv$ gMp¡ :

(1) TpL$m `Z ---------- dp„ Ap`¡. (2) S>mdp„ `Z ---------- Qp„`¡.

(3) dp„Np¡ s¡ ---------- Apgp`¡. (4) `p¡s¡ sX$L$p¡ \C_¡ ---------- .

(5) ---------- g¡kf\u L$p`¡.

k. 9. A\® v$ip®hsu `„[¼s gMp¡ :

(1) dpZk A¡hp¡ h¡`pfu \C Nep¡ R>¡ L¡$ s¡ AS>hpmp_p¡ k„N°l L$fu_¡ `R>u k|fS>_¡ `Z ågp¡L$ L$fu v$C `p¡s¡ sX$L$p¡

b_u_¡ Qpf¡ bpSy> ìepù Åe. `f„sy A¡_y„ Ly$v$fs `pk¡ L„$CS> Qpgsy„ _\u.

(2) `„MuAp¡_p L$gfh_¡ V¡$` L$fu gC s¡_¡ `p¡sp_p L„$W$dp„ Apfp¡ù gC `R>u gp¡L$p¡_u A`¡np âdpZ¡ `„Mu_p V$lzL$p

`p¡s¡ Apgp`sp¡ lp¡e s¡ fus¡ buT_¡k L$fsp„ `Z dpZk rhQpfsp¡ _\u.

k. 10. _uQ¡_u `„[¼sAp¡_¡ ep¡Áe ¾$ddp„ Np¡W$hp¡ :

(1) hpv$m awV$`Ë$u\u dp`¡, dpZk R>¡, buT_¡k L$f¡ R>¡.

(2) `s„rNep„_u `p„Mp¡ R>p`¡, dpZk R>¡, buT_¡k L$f¡ R>¡.

(3) QL$dL$ gp¡Yy„$ Oksp„ Oksp„, aw„L$ gNphu lksp lksp.

(4) iåv$, iåv$_¡ hpV$u hpV$u, A\p£_y„ L¡$rdL$g R>p„V$u.

k. 11. âõsys L$pìe_p¡ kpf V|„$Ldp„ sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ gMp¡.

k. 12. Ap`¡g Mpgu S>Áepdp„ ep¡Áe iåv$ d|L$p¡.

(1) dlp + Apge = ---------- (2) k|e® + ---------- = k|ep®õs

(3) ----------+ A\} = rhÛp\} (4) rhÛp +----------= rhÛpæepk

k. 13. _uQ¡_p hp¼ep¡dp„\u rhi¡jZ ip¡^p¡ :

(1) Ad¡ ApW$ rdÓp¡ d¡mpdp„ Nep. (2) NyS>fpsu cpjp kd©Ù R>¡.

(3) AcZ dpZk hp„Qu iL$sp _\u. (4) k|e®_p¡ ApL$fp¡ sp` kl_ \sp¡ _\u.

(5) `s„rNep„_u f„Nb¡f„Nu `p„Mp¡ d_¡ Nd¡ R>¡.

33

k„cpjZ * _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ rhi¡ QQp® L$fu s¡_p A\® kdÅ¡.

(1) k„N°lMp¡f (2) saX„$Qu (3) sL$kp^y (4) _L$gMp¡f

âL$ë` * sdpfp Ly$Vy„$b_y„ h„ih©n s¥epf L$fu sdpfp v$pv$p-v$pv$u_¡ c¡V$ Ap`p¡.

lz„ hp„Qy„ ......... sd¡ `Z hp„Qp¡.

ìek_ dy[¼s

A¡L$ M¡X|$s_u hps R>¡. ifuf¡ gÌ$. O¡f b¡ kpfp bmv$ fpM¡. S>du_ `Z kpfu. khpf¡ hl¡gp¡ EW$u bmv$ gC L|$h¡ Åe. ApMp¡ qv$hk L$p¡k lp„L¡$, `Z kp„S>¡ S>C_¡ Sy>A¡ sp¡ ¼epfpdp„ `pZu S> `lp¢ÃQy„ _ lp¡e ! L¡$d L¡$ L$p¡k L$pZp¡ lsp¡. blz v$p¡X$^pd L$f¡, `Z cf¡gp¡ L$p¡k \pmpdp„ Aphsp„ Aphsp„ sp¡ L$pZp„ hpV¡$ Q|C Åe. kp„S> `X$sp„ M¡X|$s _¡ bmv$ \pL$u_¡ gp¡\`p¡\ \C Åe.

Ðepf¡ L$fhy„ iy„ ? M¡X|$s¡ v$p¡X$^pd L$fhu L¡$ L$pZp„ `|fhp„ ? v¡$Musu hps R>¡ L¡$ S>ep„ kyû L$p¡k L$pZp¡ lp¡e Ðep„ kyû bmv$_¡ Dsphmp lp„L$hp_p¡ L$ip¡ S> A\® _\u. L$pZp„ `|fhpdp„ Aph¡, sp¡ S> L$p¡k cf¡gp¡ Aph¡ _¡ M¡sfdp„ `pZu `lp¢Q¡.

ApS>¡ Ap`Zu v$ip Ap M¡X|$s S>¡hu R>¡. Ap`Zu AphL$_¡e L$pZp„ `X$ép„ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ dl¡_s L$fu_¡ d¡mh¡gy„ Qp, buX$u, `p_kp¡`pfu, sdpLy$, v$pê$, AauZ hN¡f¡ ìek_p¡ s\p dp¡S>ip¡Mdp„ ìe\® h`fpC Åe R>¡.

kyMu \hy„ lp¡e A_¡ ip„rs\u Æhhy„ lp¡e, sp¡ ìek_p¡ A_¡ dp¡S>ip¡M_p Mp¡V$p MQ®dp„\u bQhy„ Å¡CA¡. L$C QuÅ¡ Mf¡Mf S>ê$fu R>¡ A_¡ L$C rbgLy$g rb_S>ê$fu R>¡, s¡_y„ Ap`Z_¡ op_ lp¡hy„ Å¡CA¡. Apd \i¡ sp¡ S> L$pZp„ `|fpi¡, A_¡ Ap`Zu dl¡_s _plL$ Y$p¡mpC S>su AV$L$i¡. _l] sp¡ bmqv$ep_u S>¡d L$p¡k M¢Ãe¡ fpMuiy„ `Z `pZu c¡mp _l] \CA¡.

- frhi„L$f dlpfpS>

^„^pdp„ bfL$s âpdprZL$sp\u S> Aph¡.

34

8. Qpgp¡, hp`fuA¡ kp¥f EÅ®

_V$hf `V¡$g

s¡d_p¡ S>Þd 17 _h¡çbf, 1950_p fp¡S> L$X$u spgyL$p_p L$pkhp Npd¡ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡Ap¡ Adv$phpv$_u

A¡Q.L¡$.âp.V²¡$t_N L$p¸g¡S>dp„\u AÝep`L$ sfuL¡$ L$pe®fs flu Q|¼ep R>¡. s¡d_p "sëëL$ R>p„ep¡' duW$p V$lzL$p

- bpmL$pìe k„N°l D`fp„s bpm_pV$L$p¡, bpmhpsp®, A¡L$p„L$u, gOyL$\p hN¡f¡ kprlÐe âL$pf_p `yõsL$p¡

âL$pris \ep R>¡. kpdprS>L$ hpsp®Ap¡_p¡ hpsp®k„N°l `Z s¡dZ¡ Apàep¡ R>¡. s¡d_¡ NyS>fpsu kprlÐe

`qfjv$ s\p NyS>fpsu kprlÐe AL$pv$du_p rhrh^ `pqfsp¡rjL$p¡ Üpfp kÞdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡.

k|f L©$rs_p¡

âõsys `pW$dp„ Ly$v$fsu EÅ® õÓp¡s S>¡ AM|V$ R>¡ s¡ kp¥f EÅ®_u hps L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡

ApS>_p kde_u spsu S>êqfeps R>¡. hmu _pV$L$ - k„hpv$ê$`¡ k|e®L|$L$f_u hps Apù lp¡hp\u s¡

AkfL$pfL$ b_u R>¡. kp¥f EÅ® hp`fhp\u bmsZ_u S>ê$f _ `X¡$, âv|$jZ a¡gpe _rl A_¡ D`f\u

kõsy A_¡ hmu M|V$hp_p¡ sp¡ ce S> _rl. k|e®L|$L$f D`fp„s kp¥fEÅ®\u Qpgsp AÞe D`L$fZp¡_u hps

`Z Al] L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap`Z¡ kp¥A¡ `Z Ap kp¡gpf i[¼s_p¡ èp®às Dèp¡N L$fhp¡ Å¡CA¡.

qv$_L$fdpdp : Aê$Z, qL$fZ iy„ L$fp¡ R>p¡ ?

AêZ : dpdp, Ad¡ L$bpV$ Np¡W$huA¡ R>uA¡. bp¡gp¡, iy„ L$pd R>¡ ?

qv$_L$fdpdp : kfk, dçdu_¡ dv$v$ L$fp¡ R>p¡ ? `Z s¡ lh¡ fl¡hp v$p¡ Ap`Z¡ ApS>¡ krhspdpku_¡ Ðep„ S>hp_y„ R>¡.

qL$fZ : krhspdpku_¡ Ðep„ ? ip dpV¡$ ?

qv$_L$fdpdp : ApS>¡ âL$pi_p¡ S>Þdqv$hk R>¡. dpkuA¡ Ap`Z_¡ kp¥_¡ bp¡gpìep„ R>¡.

Aê$Z : Qpgp¡, Qpgp¡ s¥epf \C Åh. blz dÅ `X$i¡.

(b^p„ krhspdpku_¡ Of¡ Nep„. L¡$L$ L$`pep bpv$ krhspdpkuA¡ Qp A_¡ Y$p¡L$mp_p¡ _põsp¡ Apàep¡.)

qv$_L$fdpdp : krhsp, Y$p¡L$mp„ sp¡ blz kfk bÞep„ R>¡ _¡ ! Aphp„ Y$p¡L$mp„ sp¡ Ap `l¡gp„ L$p¡C qv$hk Mp^p„ _\u.

krhspdpku : lp, cpC. Y$p¡L$mp„ sp¡ kfk S> \pe _¡ ! k|e®L|$L$fdp„ b_ph¡gp„ R>¡ _¡ A¡V$g¡.

qL$fZ : dpku, k|e®L|$L$f ! k|e®L|$L$f L¡$hy„ lp¡e ?

Aê$Z : lp, lp dpku, bsphp¡_¡, k|e®L|$L$f L¡$hy„ lp¡e ?

35

(krhspdpku Aê$Z A_¡ qL$fZ_¡ fkp¡X$pdp„ gC Åe R>¡.)

krhspdpku : Ap R>¡ k|e®L|$L$f.

qL$fZ : L|$L$f, A_¡ s¡ `¡V$u S>¡hy„ ?

krhspdpku : lp, Ap A¡L$ `¡V$u S>¡hy„ L|$L$f R>¡. s¡dp„ D`f `fphs®L$ L$pQ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_u A„v$f_u k`pV$u L$pmp f„N\u f„N¡gu R>¡ A_¡ Ap _uQ¡_p cpNdp„ fp„^hp_p X$bp, fp„^hp_u hõsy cfu_¡ d|L$hp_p lp¡e R>¡.

qL$fZ : dpku, Apdp„ fp„^hp_p X$bp cfu_¡ `R>u s¡_¡ N¡k `f d|L$hp_y„ ?

krhspdpku : (lku_¡) _p f¡ _p, Apdp„ bmsZ_u sp¡ S>ê$f `X¡$ S> _l]. ^pbp `f k|fS>_p sX$L$pdp„ Ap L|$L$f_¡ d|L$u v¡$hp_y„. A¡V$g¡ k|fS>_u Nfdu\u S> A„v$f_p¡ Mp¡fpL$ f„OpC Åe. Ap_¡ "kp¡gf L|$L$f' `Z L$l¡hpe.

qL$fZ : dpku, Apdp„ crS>ep„ `|fu hN¡f¡ smu iL$pe ?

krhspdpku : (lku_¡) _p b¡V$p, Apdp„ L$p¡C `Z hõsy smu _ iL$pe.

qL$fZ : dpku, sp¡ Apdp„ iy„ iy„ fp„û iL$pe ?

krhspdpku : Apdp„ v$pm, cps, L$W$p¡m, ipL$cpÆ, CX$gu, Y$p¡L$mp„, `pJ, rbõL$uV$, L¡$L$ hN¡f¡ b_phu iL$pe.

Aê$Z : sp¡ sp¡ dpku Apdp„ ^ydpX$p¡ sp¡ _l] \sp¡ lp¡e _¡ ?

krhspdpku : lp, kpQu hps. Apdp„ ^ydpX$p¡ _ \pe.

Aê$Z : hpl, sp¡ sp¡ Ap k|e®L|$L$f L¡$hy„ kpê„$ ! S>¡dp„ N¡k_u L¡$ bmsZ_u S>ê$f _ `X¡$, ^ydpX$p¡ _ \pe A_¡ hmu kõsy„ `Z Mê„$.

qv$_L$fdpdp : sp¡ lh¡ Ap`Z¡ `Z Aphy„ L|$L$f hp`fuiy„.

36

Aê$Z : a¼s Ap`Z¡ Of¡ S> _l], lz„ sp¡ buÅ„ b^p„_¡ `Z k|e®L|$L$f hp`fhp_y„ L$lui S>¡\u fpô²$_u k„`rÑ_u bQs \pe A_¡ âv|$jZ _ a¡gpe.

qL$fZ : lp, lp, kpQu hps lz„ `Z dpfu bl¡_`ZuAp¡_¡ L$lui.

krhspdpku : AêZ, qL$fZ sdpfu hps kp„cmu d_¡ M|b Ap_„v$ \ep¡. ApS>¡ âL$pi_p S>Þdqv$hk¡ Ap`Z¡ kp¥f-EÅ®_y„ Nus NpCA¡.

(b^p„ kp\¡ dmu_¡ Npe R>¡.)

k|e®dp„\u dmsu EÅ®, kp¥f-EÅ® L$l¡hpe.

Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ kp^_dp„ A¡, Dèp¡Ndp„ g¡hpe...

kp¡gf L|$L$f, hp¡V$f luV$f, A¡\u sp¡ Qgphpe.

kp¡gf X²$pef _¡ hp¡V$f `„`, Sy>Ap¡ kOm¡ h`fpe...

kp¡gf k¡g\u L¡$ë¼eyg¡V$f, Qpgsy„ Ap S>Zpe.

L$p„X$p OqX$epm A¡hp S> A¡, ApS> M|b hMZpe...

kp¥f-EÅ® R>¡ kõsu EÅ®, A¡_p¡ S>Õ\p¡ cpfu L$l¡hpe.

hp`fsp„ A¡ Ap Æh_dp„, kyMu kp¥_¡ \hpe...

AÝep`_ k„L¡$s

âõsys _pV$L$_y„ AÝep`_ L$fphsp `l¡gp Ap`Zu fpô²$ue k„`rÑ rhi¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡

kp\¡ QQp® L$fhu. s¡ hMs¡ s¡_u ÅmhZu dpV¡$ kss â¡fZp Ap`hu. bmsZ_u h^su S>su

kdõep_y„ r_fpL$fZ L$fhp i[¼s_p AM|V$ õÓp¡s kdu k|e®i[¼s_p¡ cf`|f Dèp¡N L$fhp A_¡

L$fphhp âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`hy„.

kp¥f EÅ®_p¡ Dèp¡N L$fhp\u \sp„ apev$pAp¡ rhi¡ QQp® L$fhu. A_¡ kp¥f EÅ®\u

Qpgsp rhrh^ D`L$fZp¡ rhi¡ `Z âñp¡Ñf L$fu kdN° rhjehõsy_u R>ZphV$ L$fhu.

õhpÝepe

k. 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L©$rsdp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ ip¡^p¡ :

(1) ANpku (2) rdgL$s (3) kMu (4) hj®Np„W$

(5) Aë`plpf (6) H^Z (7) D`L$fZ (8) kp¢Oy„

k. 2. rhfp¡û A\® v$ip®hsp¡ iåv$ gMp¡ :

(1) A„^L$pf (2) kp¢Ohpfu (3) MQ® (4) W„$X$u

k. 3. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡_p¡ hp¼edp„ Dèp¡N L$fp¡ :

(1) âv|$jZ (2) bmsZ (3) EÅ® (4) S>Õ\p¡

k|e®...

k|e®...

k|e®...

k|e®...

37

k. 4. A_yõhpf\u \sp„ A\®c¡v$ gMp¡ : v$p.s. : lp¡i - cp_; lp¢i - Dd„N, CÃR>p

(1) _v$u - -----

_„v$u - -----

(2) bNgp¡ - -----

b„Ngp¡ - -----

(3) ks - -----

k„s - -----

(4) sÓ - -----

s„Ó - -----

(5) eÓ - -----

e„Ó - -----

(6) Y$N - -----

Y„$N - -----

(7) dv$ - -----

d„v$ - -----

(8) v$pX$p¡ - -----

v$p„X$p¡ - -----

k. 5. iåv$kd|l dpV¡$ A¡L$ iåv$ Ap`p¡ :

(1) f¡su A_¡ Mpfhpmu dpV$u Ap¡Npmu_¡ b_ph¡gp¡ `v$p\® - (2) `fphs®_ L$f¡ s¡hy„ -

(3) L$p¡C`Z hõsy_p¡ R>¡L$ D`f_p¡ k`pV$ `\fpe¡gp¡ `©›$cpN - (4) ^ydpX$p¡ \pe s¡hu ^|Zu -

(5) bQph¡gu fL$d -

k. 6. k|e® EÅ®\u Qpgsp D`L$fZp¡_p _pd gMp¡.

k. 7. ApL©$rs `|Z® L$fp¡ :

(1) (2)


(1) dpkuA¡ kp¥_¡ bp¡gpìep lsp„. L$pfZ L¡$ ------------------

(A) s¡dZ¡ Y$p¡L$mp„ b_pìep lsp„ (b) âL$pi_p¡ S>Þdqv$hk lsp¡ (L$) k|e®L|$L$f b^p„_¡ bsphhy„ lsy„

(2) Y$p¡L$mp„ kfk bÞep„ lsp„. L$pfZ L¡$ s¡ Y$p¡L$mp„------------------

(A) k|e®L|$L$fdp„ b_pìep lsp„ (b) õhpqv$ô$ lsp„ (L$) dpkuA¡ b_pìep„ lsp„

(3) k|e®L|$L$f N¸k `f _ d|L$hy„ `X¡$. L$pfZ L¡$ ------------------

(A) s¡_¡ bmsZ_u S>ê$f _ `X¡$ (b) s¡ huS>mu\u Qpg¡ (L$) s¡ k|e®_u Nfdu\u Qpg¡

(4) k|e®L|$L$f_p Dèp¡N\u ^ydpX$p¡ _ \pe. L$pfZ L¡$------------------

(A) s¡ huS>mu\u Qpg¡ (b) s¡dp„ bmsZ_p¡ Dèp¡N _ \pe

(L$) s¡dp„ Mp¡fpL$ S>ëv$u f„^pC Åe

k. 9. _uQ¡_p hp¼ep¡_¡ `pW_p OV$_p¾$d âdpZ¡ Np¡W$hp¡ :

(1) Aê$Z¡ b^p„_¡ k|e®L|$L$f hp`fhp L$l¡hp_y„ S>Zpìey„. (3) b^p„A¡ kp\¡ dmu EÅ®_y„ Nus Npey„.

(2) qv$_L$fdpdp b^p_¡ krhspdpku_p Of¡ gC Nep. (4) krhspdpkuA¡ Qp-Y$p¡L$mp„_p¡ _põsp¡ Apàep¡.

k|e®L|$L$fdp„ fp„ u iL$pek|e®L|$L$f_p apev$p

_u S>ê$f _ `X¡$.

_ \pe

`Z Mf„y.

38

k. 10. k„b„^ gMp¡ :

(1) qv$_L$fdpdp A_¡ krhspdpku - (2) krhspdpku A_¡ qL$fZ -

(3) qL$fZ A_¡ âL$pi - (4) âL$pi A_¡ krhspdpku - (5) Aê$Z A_¡ qL$fZ -

k. 11. `pW$_p Ap^pf¡ Mpgu S>Áepdp„ ep¡Áe iåv$ gMp¡.

(1) Aê$Z A_¡ qL$fZ ------------Np¡W$hsp„ lsp„. (2) Y$p¡L$mp„ ------dp„ b_ph¡gp„ lsp„.

(3) k|e®L|$L$f hp`fhp\u ------ k„`rÑ_u bQs \pe. (4) k|e®L|$L$f_¡ ---------`Z L$l¡hpe R>¡.

k. 12. k|e® EÅ® rhi¡ sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ gMp¡.

k. 13. hp¼ep¡dp„\u rhi¡jZ ip¡^p¡ :

(1) Aê$Z lp¢riepf rhÛp\} R>¡. (2) S>çep `R>u \p¡X$p¡ Apfpd L$fhp¡ Å¡CA¡.

(3) fphZ_¡ v$k dp\p lp¡hp\u s¡ v$ip__ L$l¡hpsp¡. (4) sd_¡ L¡$hy„ Nygpb Nd¡ ?

k. 14. ep¡Áe rhfpdrQŒ d|L$u hp¼e afu\u gMp¡ :

(1) krhspdpku_¡ Ðep„ ip dpV¡$ (2) hpl sp¡ sp¡ Ap k|e®L|$L$f L¡$hy„ kpfy„

(3) dpku Apdp„ crS>ep„ `|fu hN¡f¡ smu iL$pe (4) Ap_¡ kp¡gf L|$L$f `Z L$l¡hpe

k„cpjZ * Ap`Zp v¡$idp„ b^p„ S> kp¥f EÅ®_p¡ Dèp¡N L$f¡ sp¡ ? hN®dp„ kd|lQQp® L$fp¡.

âL$ë` * Al] kp¥f EÅ®_u âp\rdL$ dprlsu Apù R>¡ `f„sy hs®dp_ k„v$c£ CÞV$f_¡V$ `f\u g¡V¡$õV$ dprlsu

d¡mhp¡ A_¡ kp¥f EÅ®\u Qpgsp rhrh^ D`L$fZp¡_p rQÓp¡ d¡mhu_¡ kp¥f EÅ®_p Dèp¡N dpV¡$

kdpS>dp„ ÅN©rs Aph¡ s¡hp ×[óV$$L$p¡Z\u ky„v$f b¡_f A\hp `p¸õV$f b_php¡.

lz„ hp„Qy„ ......... sd¡ `Z hp„Qp¡.

ApN : D`pe

ApN byTphhp dpV¡$ `pZu A_¡ f¡su_p¡, iyóL$ `pDX$f _¡ auZ_p¡ R>„V$L$ph L¡$ L$pb®_ X$pep¸¼kpBX$ S>¡hp N¸k_p¡ Dèp¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap dpV¡$ rhrh^ âL$pf_p _p_p„-KQL$u iL$pe s¡hp„ Ar‚ipdL$p¡ `Z h`fpe R>¡. bpgv$uAp¡ cfu_¡ `pZu L¡$ f¡su R>p„V$u_¡ ApN lp¡ghhp_p¡ D`pe kl¡gpdp„ kl¡gp¡ R>¡. Äepf¡ h^pf¡ âbm ApN gpNu lp¡e Ðepf¡ l¸ÞX$ `„` hX¡$ `pZu_u ^pf R>p¡X$hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. hmu Ar‚ipdL$ e„Ó (apef-A¡[ÞS>_)_u dv$v$\u KQ¡ kyû _¡ gp„b¡ kyû `pZu_u ^pfpAp¡ R>p¡X$u_¡ ApN byTphpe R>¡. KQp„ dL$p_p¡ `f `pZu_p¡ dpfp¡ Qgphhp s\p ApNdp„ akpC Ne¡gu ìe[¼sAp¡_¡ bQphhp dpV¡$ KQu r_kfZuAp¡_p¡ Dèp¡N apefrb°N¡X$_p spgud `pd¡gp dpZkp¡ L$f¡ R>¡. ApN byTphhp_y„ L$pe® Å¡Mdu R>¡. s¡ L$pdNufu Å__p Å¡Md¡ apefrb°N¡X$_p S>hp_p¡ bÅhsp lp¡e R>¡.

39

ApN gpN¡ Ðepf¡ AdyL$ sL¡$v$pfu g¡hu S>ê$fu R>¡. kp¥â\d sp¡ Ar‚ipdL$ v$m_¡ bp¡gphhy„ S>ê$fu \pe R>¡. Ðepfbpv$ Ofdp„ ApN gpNu lp¡e sp¡ blpf Myëgpdp„ S>sp„ fl¡hy„ Å¡CA¡. blpf S>sp„ S>¡ S>¡ bpfZp„ Aph¡ s¡_¡ b„^ L$fhp„ Å¡CA¡. ApN gpN¡ Ðepf¡ rgãV$_p¡ Dèp¡N _ L$fhp¡ Å¡CA¡. kuX$u Üpfp Of_u blpf _uLmu S>hy„ Å¡CA¡. Å¡ L$`X$p„_¡ ApN gpNu NC lp¡e sp¡ S>du_ `f Apmp¡V$u_¡ s¡ byTphu v¡$hu Å¡CA¡.

- A„S>_p cNhsu

fpô²$ue k„`rÑ_u ÅmhZu `Z v¡$ik¡hp R>¡.

k„r^ - (2)

rhÅsue õhf k„r^ - dlÒh_u õhfk„r^ _uQ¡ dyS>b R>¡.

(1) A + Ap = Ap L¡$ Ap + A = Ap

(1) rhh¡L$ + Ap_„v$ = rhh¡L$p_„v$ (1) rhÛp + Aæepk = rhÛpæepk

(2) rih + Apge = rihpge (2) rcnp + A\£ = rcnp\£

(2) A + B = A¡ L¡$ A + C = A¡

(1) lf + BÞÖ = lf¡ÞÖ (1) fk + Ci = fk¡i

(2) _f + BÞÖ = _f¡ÞÖ (2) qv$_ + Ci = qv$_¡i

(3) Ap + B = A¡ L¡$ Ap + C = A¡

(1) dlp + BÃR>p = dl¡ÃR>p (1) fdp + Ci = fd¡i

(2) dlp + BÞÖ = dl¡ÞÖ (2) dlp + Ci = dl¡i

(4) A + D = Ap¡ L¡$ A + E = Ap¡

(1) k|e® + Dv$e = k|ep£v$e (1) cpÁe + Erd® = cpÁep¡rd®

(2) `f + D`L$pf = `fp¡`L$pf (2) Ap_„v$ + Erd® = Ap_„v$p¡rd®

(5) Ap + D = Ap¡ L¡$ Ap + E = Ap¡

(1) dlp + DÐkh = dlp¡Ðkh (1) N„Np + Erd® = N„Np¡rd®

(2) dlp + Dv$e = dlp¡v$e (2) b°ûp + Erd® = b°ûp¡rd®

(6) A + A¡ = A¥ L¡$ Ap + A¡ = A¥

(1) `yÓ + A¡jZp = `yÓ¥jZp (1) kv$p + A¡h = kv¥$h

(2) A¡L$ + A¡L$sp = A¥L$sp (2) s\p + A¡h = s\¥h

(7) A + Ap¡ = Ap¥ L¡$ Ap + Ap¡ = Ap¥

(1) S>g + Ap¡^ = S>gp¥^ (1) dlp + Ap¡O = dlp¥^

(2) A^f + Ap¡óW$ = A^fp¥›$ (2) dlp + Ap¡S>õhu = dlp¥S>õhu

40

9. kycprjsp¡

k|f L©$rs_p¡

k„õL©$s kprlÐe_p L$pìe, _pV$L$, `yfpZ hN¡f¡dp„ r_v£$ris A\®kcf î¡›$ hp¼ep¡ S>¡ `v$bÙ lp¡e

s¡_¡ kycprjs L$l¡hpe. s¡ _urs`|Z® lp¡e R>¡. Æh__p rhrh^ n¡Ó_u kdS>v$pfu Ap`sp kycprjsp¡

Mf¡Mf Ad|ëe R>¡. L$pfZ L¡$ s¡ Ap`Z_¡ A\®kcf Æh_ Æhhp_u â¡fZp Ap`¡ R>¡.

kycprjsp¡ Ap`Z_¡ op_ Ap`¡ R>¡, Ap`Ï„ QpqfÔe OX¡$ R>¡ A_¡ k„õL$pfp¡_y„ tkQ_ L$f¡ R>¡. sp¡

Al] Ap`Z¡ L¡$V$gp„L$ kycprjsp¡ iuMuiy„.

C S>gphu Ås_¡ ^|`, kyhprks b^y„ L$f¡,

Oku_¡ Ås_¡ k„sp¡, AÞe_¡ kyrMep„ L$f¡.

C bm_u hpsp¡ blz L$f¡, L$f¡ byqÙ_p M¡g;

Ap`v¹$L$pm¡ ÅZuA¡, sgdp„ L¡$V$gy„ s¡g.

C bp¡gp¡ bp¡g rhQpfu_¡, `õsphp¡ _h \pe;

bp¡g¡gy„ M¢Qpe _p, L$fsp L$p¡qV$ D`pe.

C dp¡su cp„Áey„ h]^sp„, d_ cp„Áey„ L$h¡Z;

Op¡X$p¡ cp„Áep¡ M¡X$sp„, _rl kp„^p¡ _rl f¡Z.

C hp`fsp„ Ap rhðdp„, klz ^_ M|V$u Åe;

rhÛp hp`fsp h^¡, A¡ AQfS> L$l¡hpe.

C `]`m `p_ Mf„sp, lksu Ly„$`rmep.

dyS> husu syS> husi¡, ûfu bp`yqX$ep„.

AÝep`_ k„L¡$s

Al] v$f¡L$ kycprjs_p AÝep`_ dpV¡$ i¼e lp¡e Ðep„ hpsp® L$l¡hp_p¡ ApN°l fpMhp¡.

i¼e _ lp¡e Ðep„ Dv$plfZp¡ Ap`hp. î¡›$ Æh_ Æhhp dpV¡$ Al] Ap`¡gp kycprjsp¡_p

dd® kdÆ_¡ Æh_dp„ Dspfhp_u â¡fZp Ap`hu. v$f¡L$ kycprjsp¡ N¡e R>¡ s¡\u kd|ldp„

NhX$phu s¡ L„$W$õ\ L$fphhp_p¡ ApN°l fpMhp¡. S>¡\u s¡ `p¡sp_p dp¥rgL$ g¡M_dp„ ep¡Áe lp¡e

Ðep„ gMu_¡ g¡M__¡ ApL$j®L$ b_phu iL¡$ s¡hu kdS> Ap`hu. \p¡X$pdp„ OÏ„b^y„ L$lu v¡$hp_u

ndsp kycprjsp¡ ^fph¡ R>¡ dpV¡$ s¡_y„ õ`ô$uL$fZ ×ô$p„s kp\¡ L$fhy„. v$f¡L$_p rhQpf rhõspf L¡$hu

fus¡ \pe s¡_y„ ep¡Áe dpN®v$i®_ Ap`hy„.

41

õhpÝepe

k. 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ kycprjsp¡dp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ ip¡^p¡ :

(1) ANfbÑu (2) kyN„r^s (3) drs (4) âperòs

(5) L$fp¡X$ (6) Að (7) _hpC (8) `p„v$X$p„

k. 2. DgV$p A\® v$ip®hsp iåv$p¡_¡ ep¡Áe fus¡ Å¡X$p¡ :

rhcpN "A' rhcpN "b'

(1) kyrMep (A) h^¡

(2) kv¹$byqÙ (b) fX$su

(3) h¡Z (L$) vy$:rMep

(4) M|V¡$ (X$) Ly$byqÙ

(5) lksu (C) L$h¡Z

k. 3. iåv$kd|l dpV¡$ A¡L$ iåv$ gMp¡ :

(1) \e¡gu c|g dpV¡$ `pR>m\u \sp¡ M¡v$ - (2) _hy„ awV$sy„ `p„v$Xy„$ -

(3) dyíL¡$gu_p¡ kde - (4) ^psy_¡ kp„^p¡ L$fhp_„y TpfZ -

k. 4. kycprjsp¡dp„ Aph¡gp ÓZ-ÓZ iåv$p¡ gMp¡ :

(1) "Ap¡'L$pfpÞs iåv$p¡ (2) "C'L$pfpÞs iåv$p¡ (3) A_yõhpfhpmp iåv$p¡ (4) Å¡X$pnfp¡

k. 5. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡_p¡ hp¼edp„ âep¡N L$fp¡ :

(1) byqÙ (2) `õsphp¡ (3) AQfS> (4) kyhprks

(5) dp¡su (6) ù`mp¡ (7) rhÛp (8) k„sp¡

k. 6. Ap¡mMp¡ :

(1) h]^su hMs¡ cp„Nu Åe s¡ - (2) hp`fsp h^¡ s¡ - (3) S>¡dp„ s¡g lp¡e s¡ - (4) S>¡dp„ kyN„^ lp¡e s¡ -

k. 6. ep¡Áe rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$fu_¡ hp¼e `|Z® L$fp¡ :

(1) ANfbÑu `p¡s¡ bmu_¡ buÅ_¡ kyN„^ Ap`¡ s¡d k„sp¡ Ås Oku_¡ -----------------

(A) `p¡sp_¡ kyMu L$f¡ (b) buÅ_¡ kyMu L$f¡ (L$) Cðf_¡ fpÆ L$f¡

(2) dp¡su, d_ A_¡ Op¡X$p Üpfp L$rh L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$-----------------

(A) CgpS> L$fhp\u s¡ kp„û iL$pe, afu L$pd Aph¡ (b) kp„û iL$psp _\u A_¡ L$p¡C L$pd_p fl¡sp _\u

(L$) s¡_¡ kp„û iL$psp _\u. `Z L$pddp„ gC iL$pe R>¡

(3) `]`m `p_ A_¡ lksu L|„$`rmep_u syg_p -----------------

(A) h©Ù dp_hu A_¡ \_N_sp eyhp_p¡ kp\¡ L$fu R>¡ (b) dyfTpe¡gp `p„v$X$p„ A_¡ _hp `p„v$X$p„ kp\¡ L$fu R>¡

(L$) h©Ù dp_hu A_¡ _hÅs riiy kp\¡ L$fu R>¡

42

k. 8. A^|fp hp¼ep¡ `|fp L$fp¡ :

(1) rhÛp hp`fhp\u----------------

(2) ANfbÑu b^y„----------------

(3) rhQpfu_¡ bp¡ghp\u----------------

(4) ^__¡ hp`fhp\u---------------


rhcpN "A' rhcpN "b'

(1) dyS> husu sy S> husi¡ (A) sgdp„ L¡$V$gy„ s¡g

(2) bp¡g¡gy„ M¢Qpe _p (b) ûfu bp`yqX$ep

(3) Ap`v¹$L$pm¡ ÅZuA¡ (L$) AÞe_¡ kyrMep„ L$f¡

(4) Oku_¡ Ås_¡ k„sp¡ (X$) L$fsp L$p¡qV$ D`pe

k. 10. "hp`fsp„ Ap rhðdp„......AQfS> L$l¡hpe' kycprjs_¡ sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ kdÅhp¡.

k. 11. Års bv$gp¡ :

(1) bp (2) dpku (3) rirnL$p (4) i¡W$ (5) `rs (6) g¡ML$

k. 12. hQ_ bv$gp¡ :

(1) Op¡X$p¡ (2) M¡g (3$) sl¡hpf (4) âpZu (5) Ap„Nmu (6) `p„v$Xy„$

k„cpjZ * Al] Ap`¡gp rkhpe_p AÞe kycprjsp¡ d¡mhu_¡ hN®dp„ kd|lQQp® L$fp¡.

âL$ë` * sd_¡ Ndsp¡ L$p¡C`Z A¡L$ kycprjs azgõL¡$` `¡`fdp„ gMu_¡ _uQ¡ s¡_p¡ rhQpf-rhõspf L$fu_¡

hN®rinL$_¡ bsphp¡.

lz„ hp„Qy„ ......... sd¡ `Z hp„Qp¡.

r_f„sf Apiphpv$1. Nd¡ s¡hu vy$:Mv$ `mp¡ `Z husu S> S>i¡ A¡hu îÙp fpMÅ¡.

2. rhðdp„ R>¡hV¡$ â¡d_p¡ S> rhS>e \pe R>¡ A¡ c|gip¡ _l].

3. kplk, îÙp A_¡ îd_¡ dpV¡$ Ai¼e L$p„C S> _\u.

4. cNhp__y„ bm kh®dlp_ R>¡.

5. õhphg„b_ dlp_ i[¼s R>¡.

6. â¡d-[õds-âp\®_p_p¡ rÓh¡Zu k„Nd Ap`Z_¡ spfu v¡$i¡.

7. "rQf„s_ rhL$pk' A¡ Ap`Zp¡ d„Ó lp¡.- X$p¸. âL$pi NÄS>f

rhÛp rh_p_p¡ d_yóe ìy kdp_ R>¡.

43

10. A¡L$ S> gÿe

k|f L©$rs_p¡

âõsys L©$rsdp„ v$ip®h¡gp¡ âk„N dlpcpfsdp„\u gu^¡gp¡ R>¡. ASy>®__p `pÓ Üpfp k|Qhhpdp„

Apìey„ R>¡ L¡$ kamsp d¡mhhp_p¡ `pep¡ A¡L$pN°sp R>¡.

`p„X$hp¡ A_¡ L$p¥fhp¡ Öp¡ZpQpe® Nyfy `pk¡ Aæepk L$fsp„ lsp„. A¡L$ hMs Nyfy r_ip_ spL$hp_u

`funp g¡hp_p¡ r_Z®e L$fu b^p„_¡ d¡v$p_dp„ bp¡gph¡ R>¡. L$p¡C_pdp„ A¡L$pN°sp _ lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ ASy>®_

A¡L$gp¡ S> r_ip_ spL$hpdp„ kam b_¡ R>¡. r_ip_ spL$su hMs¡ _S>f `p¡sp_p gÿe D`f S> lp¡hu

Å¡CA¡, gÿe rkhpe ApSy>bpSy>_y„ L„$C S> _ v¡$Mpe Ðepf¡ S> kam \hpe s¡hy„ Nyfy b^p_¡ kdÅh¡ R>¡.

Öz`v$ fpÅ_p v$fbpfdp„\u A`dp_ `pdu_¡ Öp¡Z afsp afsp l[õs_p`yf `pk¡ Aphu QY$ép. _Nf_u `pk¡_p D`h_dp„ fpS>Ly$dpfp¡ fdsp lsp. fdsp„ fdsp„ fpS>Ly$dpfp¡_p¡ v$X$p¡ L|$hpdp„ `X$u Nep¡ lsp¡. A¡ ÅZu Öp¡Z¡ `p¡sp_u AörhÛp\u s¡ v$X$p¡ blpf L$pY$u Apàep¡. Ly$dpfp¡A¡ Ap hps cuód r`spdl_¡ s\p dlpfpS> ^©sfpô²$_¡ S>Zphu. A¡V$g¡ s¡ b„_¡A¡ rhQpf L$fu_¡ Öp¡Z_¡ fpS>Ly$dpfp¡_p Ny{$ _uçep.

`R>u `p„X$hp¡ s\p L$p¥fhp¡ Öp¡ZNy{$_u `pk¡ flu Aæepk L$fhp gpÁep. L¡$V$gp¡L$ kde huÐep `R>u Ly$dpfp¡_u `funp_p¡ hMs Apìep¡. Ly$dpfp¡_¡ Öp¡ZNy{$ `pk¡\u L¡$hu L¡$hu rhÛpAp¡ dmu R>¡ s¡ l[õs_p`yf_u kdN° âÅ ÅZ¡ _¡ Sy>A¡ A¡hu cuód_u BÃR>p lsu, s¡\u A¡L$ cìe d„X$` Ecp¡ L$fu b^p„ _NfS>_p¡ kdn Ly$dpfp¡_u `funp L$fhp_u Np¡W$hZ L$fhpdp„ Aphu.

`funp_¡ qv$hk¡ fpS>Ly$dpfp¡ kÄS> \C_¡ `p¡s`p¡sp_p„ ^_yóebpZ gC d„X$`dp„ Apìep. blpf d¡v$p_dp„ v|$f A¡L$ TpX$ D`f ^p¡mp f„N_y„ A¡L$ b_phV$u `nu Np¡W$ìey„ lsy„. s¡_u b¡ Ap„Mp¡ gpg fÐ_p¡_u b_phu lsu. Ak„¿e _NfS>_p¡ `funp Å¡hp d„X$`dp„ c¡Np„ dþep„ lsp„.

Ly$dpfp¡ s¥epf \ep. s¡d_p„ ^_yóep¡ s¥epf \ep„. s¡d_p„ sufp¡ s¥epf \ep„. s¡d_p lp\ s¥epf \ep, s¡d_u Ap„Mp¡ s¥epf \C.

Öp¡ZpQpe£ Ly$dpfp¡_¡ L$üy„, "Ly$dpfp¡, Sy>Ap¡, `¡gp v|$f_p TpX$ `f `nu Np¡W$ìey„ R>¡ s¡_u S>dZu Ap„M sdpf¡ h]^hp_u R>¡.'

"ApQpe® bp¡ëep, "Ly$dpf eyr^r›$f, `l¡gp¡ sdpfp¡ hpfp¡. Sy>Ap¡, Ap lz„ Ecp¡ Ry>„, kpd¡ c|fy„ ApL$pi R>¡, `¡gy„ fü„y TpX$ A_¡ s¡_p `f `nu R>¡. sd¡ A¡ kh®_¡ Sy>Ap¡ R>p¡ ?'

eyr^r›$f Ecp \ep, ^_yóebpZ lp\dp„ gu^p„ A_¡ `nu_u kpd¡ _S>f L$fsp bp¡ëep, "Ny{$ dlpfpS>, lz„ sd_¡ Å¡J Ry>„, c|fp >ApL$pi_¡ Å¡J Ry>„, v|$f_p TpX$_¡ Å¡J Ry>„ A_¡ `nu_¡ `Z Å¡J Ry>„.'

eyr^r›$f_p Ap S>hpb\u Öp¡Z vy$:M `pdu bp¡ëep, "sd¡ b¡ku ÅAp¡ !'

- k„L$rgs

44

`R>u vy$ep£^__p¡ hpfp¡ Apìep¡, "vy$ep£^_Ly$dpf, Ap lz„ Ecp¡ Ry>„, kpd¡ c|fy„ ApL$pi R>¡, ¡gy„ TpX$ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p `f `nu R>¡. sd¡ A¡ kh®_¡ Sy>Ap¡ R>p¡ ?'

vy$ep£^_¡ lp\dp„ ^_yóebpZ g¡sp„ S>hpb Apàep¡, "Nyyfyv¡$h, lz„ Ap b^p cpCAp¡_¡ v¡$My„ Ry>„, sd_¡ v¡$My„ Ry>„, c|fp ApL$pi_¡ v¡$My„ Ry>„, TpX$_¡ v¡$My„ Ry>„ A_¡ s¡_p `f d|L¡$gp `nu_p ^p¡mp ifuf_¡ `Z v¡$My„ Ry>„.'

Öp¡Z¡ N R>pX$u L$üy„, "b¡ku ÅAp¡ !' R>u cudk¡_ Ecp¡ \ep¡ A_¡ ApQpe®_p âñ_p S>hpbdp„ bp¡ëep¡, "Ny{$Æ, lz„ sd_¡ kp¥_¡ v¡$My„ Ry>„, ApL$pi_¡ v¡$My„ Ry>„, ApL$pidp„ dp¡V$p„dp¡V$p„ hpv$mp„ v$p¡X¡$ R>¡ s¡ `Z v¡$My„ Ry>„, TpX$ v¡$My„ Ry>„, TpX$_p L$p¡sfdp„ `¡gp¡ rbgpX$p¡ af¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ v¡$My„ Ry>„ A_¡ TpX$ D`f sd¡ L„$CL$ ^p¡my„ Np¡W$ìey„ R>¡ s¡ `Z v¡$My„ Ry>„.'

Öp¡Z L„$C bp¡ëep _rl. s¡dZ¡ cud_¡ b¡kpX$u v$u^p¡. Ny{$A¡ OZp Ly$dpfp¡_¡ A¡L$ `R>u A¡L$ Ecp L$ep®, `Z L$p¡C_p DÑf\u s¡d_¡ k„sp¡j _ \ep¡.

R>¡hV¡$ s¡ ASy>®_ sfa hþep, "b¡V$p, ASy>®_ ! lh¡ spfp¡ hpfp¡ R>¡. EW$ s¥epf \p. Å¡, Ap lz„ Ecp¡ Ry>„, kpd¡ c|fy„ ApL$pi R>¡, v|$f `¡gy„ TpX$ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p `f `nu R>¡. sy„ A¡ kh®_¡ Sy>A¡ R>¡ ?'

Öp¡Z lÆ hp¼e `|fy„ L$f¡ R>¡ Ðep„ ASy>®_ bp¡gu EW$ép¡, "Ny{$v¡$h, lz„ sd_¡ v¡$Msp¡ _\u, ApL$pi_¡ v¡$Msp¡ _\u, TpX$_¡ v¡$Msp¡ _\u, dpÓ A¡L$ `nu_¡ v¡$My„ Ry>„, bpZ R>p¡X$hp_u Apop Ap`p¡.'

"b¡V$p ASy>®_ ! Öp¡Z bp¡ëep, "Ad_¡ L$p¡C _¡ v¡$Msp¡ _\u ! A¡L$gp `nu_¡ S> v¡$M¡ R>¡ ?'

ASy>®_¡ sfs S> S>hpb hpþep¡, "dlpfpS> ! lh¡ sp¡ ApMp `nu_¡ `Z v¡$Msp¡ _\u, dpÓ s¡_y„ dp\y„ v¡$My„ Ry>„.' A_¡ Öp¡Z L„$C bp¡ghp Åe Ðep„ sp¡ s¡ afu bp¡gu EW$ép¡, "dlpfpS>, lh¡ sp¡ `nu_y„ dp\y„ `Z v¡$Msp¡ _\u, dpÓ b¡ fpsp fpsp spfp TNdN¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ S> v¡$My„ Ry>„.'

"b¡V$p, A¡dp„_p S>dZp_¡ S> h]^.'

Öp¡Z_p Ap iåv$p¡_u kp\¡ ASy>®__y„ bpZ kfff L$fsy„ R|>V$éy„ A_¡ `nu_u S>dZu Ap„M h]^pC NC.

45

"ipbpi, b¡V$p, ipbpi. sy„ dpfp¡ kpQp¡ rióe R>¡. spfp `f lz„ ApS>¡ blz âkß \ep¡ Ry>„. b¡V$p, Ap AõÓrhÛpdp„ dpfp¡ L$p¡C rióe spfp\u QqX$epsp¡ _rl \pe A¡hy„ dpfy„ hfv$p_ R>¡.'

AÝep`_ k„L¡$s

âõsys L©$rs_y„ AÝep`_ L$fphhp_u iê$Apsdp„ Ap`Zp `yfpZ N°„\ dlpcpfs rhi¡_u

`|h®c|rdL$p rhÛp\}Ap¡ `pk¡ fS|> L$fhu. `p„X$hp¡ A_¡ L$p¥fhp¡_p¡ âp\rdL$ `qfQe Ap`hp¡.

s¡d_p Nyfy Öp¡ZQpe®_u `Z Ap¡mM L$fphhu. fpS>Ly$dpfp¡_¡ A`psu Sy>v$u Sy>v$u rhÛpAp¡_u

spgud bpbs õ`ô$uL$fZ Ap`hy„, buÅ cpCAp¡_u syg_pdp„ ASy>®_dp„ fl¡gp rhi¡j NyZ

bpbs âñp¡ `|R>hp. s¡_p S>hpb_¡ Ap^pf¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ A¡L$pN°sp L¡$mhhp âp¡Ðkpl_

Ap`hy„. gOyâñp¡_u klpe\u rhjehõsy_y„ kdN° ×rô$A¡ AÝep`_ L$fphhy„.

õhpÝepe

k. 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L©$rsdp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ ip¡^p¡ :

(1) bNuQp¡ (2) _L$gu (3) s¥epf (4) Apc

(5) ka¡v$ (6) dõsL$ (7) S>_sp (8) sdpd

k. 2. iåv$_u A„spnfu `|Z® L$fp¡ :

(1) D`h_ ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------

(2) Ly$dpf ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------

(3) dlpfpS> ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------

(4) ApL$pi ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------

k. 3. "fpS>Ly$dpf' iåv$_p Anfdp„\u A\®`|Z® iåv$p¡ b_php¡.

k. 4. _uQ¡_p iåv$ Qp¡fkdp„\u `pW$dp„ Aphsp `pÓp¡ ip¡û s¡_u afs¡ Np¡m L$fp¡ :

A vy$ ep£ ^ _ cur` Sy>® Öp¡ Z d eysp L$p¥ _ k¡ r^ `p„d f _ r›$ X$ Özl hp¡ f hp¡ ` M`p„ r›$ Z v$ g V$

k. 5. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡_p DgV$p A\®hpmp¡ iåv$ gMp¡ :

(1) A`dp_ (2) k„sp¡j (3) v|$f (4) b_phV$u (5) S>dZu (6) CÃR>p

46


(1) `p„X$hp¡ A_¡ L$p¥fhp¡ ----------------

(A) kp„qv$`_u F>rj `pk¡ Aæepk L$fsp lsp (b) Nyfy Öp¡Z `pk¡ Aæepk L$fsp lsp

(L$) fpdL©$óZ `fdl„k `pk¡ Aæepk L$fsp lsp

(2) v|$f TpX$ `f_p b_phV$u `nu_u ----------------

(A) X$pbu Ap„M h]^hp_u R>¡ (b) S>dZu Ap„M h]^hp_u R>¡ (L$) b„_¡ Ap„M h]^hp_u R>¡

(3) Öp¡Z¡ `p¡sp_u ----------------

\u v$X$p¡ L$pY$u Apàep¡.

(A) AõÓrhÛp\u (b) iõÓrhÛp\u (L$) bpZrhÛp\u

(4) bpZrhÛp_u `funpdp„ ASy>®_ kam \ep¡. L$pfZ L¡$ ----------------

(A) ASy>®_ Ly$im lsp¡ (b) ASy>®_dp„ A¡L$pN°sp lsu (L$) ASy>®_ Nyfy_p¡ râe lsp¡


rhcpN "A' rhcpN "b'

(1) Öp¡Z (A) fpÅ

(2) `p„X$hp¡-L$p¥fhp¡ (b) r`spdl

(3) cuód (L$) dlpfpS>

(4) ^©sfpô²$ (X$) Nyfy

(5) Öz`v$ (B) fpS>Ly$dpfp¡


(1) ASy>®_¡ Nyfy `pk¡ bpZ R>p¡X$hp_u Apop dp„Nu. (2) Öp¡Z l[õs_p`yf Aphu `lp¢Ãep.

(3) Nyfy Öp¡Z¡ fpS>Ly$dpfp¡_u `funp g¡hp_y„ _½$u L$e¯y. (4) NyfyA¡ r_ip_ spL$hp vy$ep£^__¡ bp¡gpìep¡.

(5) Öp¡Z fpS>Ly$dpfp¡_p Nyfy sfuL¡$ r_dpep.

k. 9. Ap¡mMp¡ :

(1) L$p¥fhp¡_p r`sp - (2) Öz`v$ fpÅ_p v$fbpfdp„ A`dpr_s \_pf -

(3) b_phV$u `nu_u a¼s S>dZu Ap„M Å¡_pf - (4) `p„X$hp¡ A_¡ L$p¥fhp¡_p r`spdl -

k. 10. `p„Q `p„X$hp¡_p _pd gMu ASy>®_ rhi¡ 5 \u 7 hp¼ep¡ sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ gMp¡.

k. 11. ep¡Áe rhi¡jZ gMp¡ :

(1) ------

d„X$` (2) ------

_NfS>_p¡ (3) ------

kde

(4) ------

`nu (5) ------

spfp (6) ------

ApL$pi

47

k. 12. f¡Mp„qL$s iåv$_¡ Ýep_dp„ fpMu hQ_ bv$gp¡ :

(1) cp\pdp„ A_¡L$ sufp¡ lsp„. s¡dp„\u A¡L$------

Mpk lsy„.

(2) Æh_dp„ A¡L$ `funp lp¡su _\u, OZu------

lp¡e R>¡.

(3) kp¥\u `l¡gp„ iy¾$_p¡ spfp¡ EN¡ `R>u buÅ------

EN¡ R>¡.

(4) `nu_u A¡L$ Ap„M h]^hp_u lsu. bß¡------

_rl.

k. 13. f¡Mp„qL$s iåv$_u Års bv$gu hp¼e afu gMp¡ :

(1) fpS>Ly$dpf iõÓrhÛp iu¿ep .......... `Z iõÓ rhÛp......

(2) _f `„Mu dpmp¡ bp„^hp `]Ry>„ gpìep¡ sp¡ ...... `„Mu `p¡Qy„ ê$........

(3) OZp rhÛp\}Ap¡ A¡[ÞS>r_ef bÞep sp¡ OZu .........X$p¸¼V$f .............

(4) Ap ipmp_p ApQpe® kÄS>_ R>¡ sp¡ `¡gu ipmp_p `Z ........ R>¡.

k„cpjZ * kp„rv$`_u F>rj A_¡ L©$óZ-kyv$pdp rhi¡ hN®dp„ kd|l QQp® L$fp¡.

âL$ë` * Nyfy rióep¡_u ÅZusu Å¡X$uAp¡_p _pd gMu_¡ A¡L$ c]s`ÓL$ b_php¡.

lz„ hp„Qy„ ......... sd¡ `Z hp„Qp¡.

`pqfsp¡rjL$p¡_y„ d|ëe

`yfõL$pfp¡-`pqfsp¡rjL$p¡ S>¡-s¡ ìe[¼s_p L$pe® sfa gp¡L$p¡_y„ Ýep_ M¢Qhp_y„ L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡. `Z Aphu

OV$_p L¡$hm L$pdQgpD lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ A„s¡ sp¡ dpZk A¡_p L$pe®\u S> Ecp¡ fl¡sp¡ lp¡e R>¡. (hmu) kdpS>_u

bû ârscpAp¡_¡ L„$C `p¢Mu iL$psu _\u. OZu ârscpAp¡ A_¡ OZp„ kÐL$pep£ `p¢Mpep„ rh_p_p„ flu S>sp„

lp¡e R>¡. OZp„_u ÅZ `Z \su _\u. OZp„ ky„v$f L$pep£ `p¢Mphp_u A`¡np rh_p \ep„ S> L$fsp„ lp¡e R>¡.

buÆ `Z hps R>¡. B_pd-AL$fpd_u ìehõ\pdp„ ApL$[õdL$sp V$pmu iL$psu _\u. A„Ns fyrQ_p¡ _¡

L¡$V$guL$ hpf A„Ns k„b„^_p¡ âcph V$pmu iL$psp¡ _\u. hmu dpZkdp„ B_pd-AL$fpd dpV¡$_u gpgkp `Z

lp¡e R>¡. Ap [õ\rs L¡$V$guL$ hpf MV$`V$p¡_¡ `Z AhL$pi Ap`¡ R>¡. B_pd-AL$fpdp¡ L¡$V$guL$ hpf Aep¡Áe

õ\p_¡ A`psp„ âsus \pe R>¡. `pqfsp¡rjL$p¡-`yfõL$pfp¡ L¡$V$guL$ hpf Mp¡V$p„ d|ëep¡ Ecp„ L$fsp„ gpN¡ R>¡.

- S>e„s L$p¡W$pfu

TpX$ rh_p `p_ _rl, Nyfy rh_p op_ _rl.

48

* _uQ¡_p rQÓ_y„ r_funZ L$fp¡ A_¡ kdÅ¡.

AÝee_ - AÝep`_ âq¾$ep AÝee_ r_ó`rÑ

v$f¡L$ rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ (Sy>v$u fus¡ knd rhÛp\}Ap¡ krls)

ìe[¼sNs A\hp kpd|rlL$ õhê$`¡ _uQ¡_u bpbsp¡ dpV¡$

âp¡Ðkprls L$fhp.

y `p¡sp_u cpjpdp„ bp¡ghp_u s¡dS> QQp® s\p

rhïg¡jZ L$fhp_u sL$ Ap`hu.

y S|>\dp„ L$pe® L$fsu hMs¡ A¡L$buÅ_p L$pdp¡ rhi¡

QQp® L$fhu, ds g¡hp¡-Ap`hp¡, âñ `|R>hp_y„

õhps„Ôe Ap`hy„.

y NyS>fpsu_u kp\¡ `p¡sp_u cpjp_y„ kprlÐe

hp„Qhp_y„ õhps„Ôe Ap`hy„.

y `p¡sp_p `qfhpf A_¡ kdpS> kp\¡ k„b„r^s

rhrh^ kprlÐe_y„ hp„Q_ A_¡ s¡_p rhi¡ QQp®

L$fhp_u sL$ Ap`hu.

y `p¡sp_u cpjp hp„Qsu hMs¡ gMhp_p k„v$c®dp„

L©$rsAp¡ Apep¡rS>s L$fhu. S>¡dL¡$ iåv$ fds,

L$rhsp, Nus, `Ó hN¡f¡

y kq¾$e A_¡ ÅN©s b_phhp dpV¡$ s¥epf L$fhpdp„

Aphsy„ kprlÐe S>¡dL¡$- hs®dp_`Ó, `rÓL$p,

QgrQÓ, ×íeîpìe kprlÐe hN¡f¡) Å¡hp_u,

kp„cmhp_u, hp„Qhp_u, gMhp_u sL$ Ap`hu.

y L$ë`_pi[¼s A_¡ kS>®_pÐdL$sp_p¡ rhL$pk L$f_

pfu q¾$ep S>¡dL¡$-Arc_e, d|L$ Arc_e, L$rhsp,

`pW$, kS>®_pÐdL$ g¡M, rhrh^ `qf[õ\rsAp¡dp„

k„hpv$ hN¡f¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„ A_¡ s¡_u s¥epfu

k„b„r^s g¡rMs kprlÐe `|fy„ `pX$hy„.

rhÛp\}Ap¡

08.LT.01 rhrh^ âkpf dpÝedp¡ Üpfp âkpqfs \su QQp®, k„hpv$

bpbs `p¡sp_p¡ Arcâpe Apù iL¡$ R>¡.

08.LT.02 kph®S>r_L$ õ\mp¡ `f_u k|Q_p kdS>`|h®L$ kp„cm¡

R>¡.

08.LT.03 Ap¥`QpqfL$ A_¡ A_p¥`QpqfL$ k„hpv$, k„cpjZ

kp„cmu_¡ s¡dp„ cpN g¡ R>¡.

08.LT.04 rhrh^ âk„N¡, rhrh^ DØ¡i dpV¡$ gMsu hMs¡ iåv$,

hp¼e, ê$qY$âep¡N, L$l¡hsp¡_p¡ ep¡Áe Dèp¡N L$f¡ R>¡.

08.LT.05 L$rhsp, Nus hN¡f¡ ep¡Áe Apfp¡l, Ahfp¡l krls Npe

R>¡, s¡_u Ap¡qX$ep¡ kuX$u kp„cm¡ R>¡.

08.LT.06 `pW$é`yõsL$ A_¡ `yõsL¡$Ñf AÞe kprlÐe_¡ kdÆ_¡

s¡_y„ âL$V$ hp„Q_ L$f¡ R>¡.

08.LT.07 rhfpdrQŒp¡_¡ Ýep_dp„ fpMu_¡ âL$V$ hp„Q_ L$f¡ R>¡.

08.LT.08 k„v$c® dpV¡$ iåv$L$p¡i_p¡ Dèp¡N L$f¡ R>¡.

08.LT.09 Ap`¡gp rhje_p¡ KX$pZ`|h®L$ Aæepk L$fu_¡ `p¡sp_p¡

õ`ô$ Arcâpe Ap`¡ R>¡.

08.LT.10 iåv$ kd|l, ê$qY$âep¡N, L$l¡hsp¡_p¡ g¡M_ A_¡ cpjZ

k„cpjZdp„ AkfL$pfL$ fus¡ Dèp¡N L$f¡ R>¡.

08.LT.11 rhrh^ kpdprS>L$ kdõepAp¡ rhi¡ `p¡sp_p rhQpfp¡

õ`ô$`Z¡ fS|> L$f¡ R>¡.

08.LT.12 gMsu hMs¡ iyÙ g¡M__p r_edp¡_y„ `pg_ L$f¡ R>¡.

08.LT.13 kp„cm¡gu, A_ych¡gu dprlsu `p¡sp_p iåv$p¡dp„ gM¡

R>¡.

08.LT.14 NyS>fpsu cpjp_y„ rhrh^ âL$pf_y„ kprlÐe (hs®dp_-

`Óp¡, dprkL$p¡, hpsp®, CÞV$f_¡V$ `f ârkÝ^ \sy„

kprlÐe) kdÆ_¡ hp„Q¡ R>¡.

08.LT.15 hp„Q¡gp kprlÐe_y„ tQs_ L$fu_¡ ApL$g_ dpV$¡ âñ `|R>¡

R>¡.

08.LT.16 `p¡sp_p iåv$p¡dp„ rQÓ hZ®_ L$f¡ R>¡.

08.LT.17 ìepL$fZ_p OV$L$p¡_u dprlsu d¡mh¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p¡ ep¡Áe

Dèp¡N L$f¡ R>¡. v$p.s. k„r^, Års, hQ_, _pd,

kh®_pd, rhi¡jZ, q¾$ep`v$, L$pm, rhfpdrQŒp¡,

Å¡X$Zu_p r_edp¡.

^p¡fZ : ApW$dy„ - kprlÐecpfsu - AÝee_ r_ó`rÑ

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N/PB/2018-19/ - cart.ebalbharati.incart.ebalbharati.in/BalBooks/pdfs/805000596.pdf · A_y¾$drZL$p ¾$d `pW/L$rhsp_y„ _pd g¡ML$/L$rh_y„ _pd `©›$ ¾$. A`¡rns r`qfeX$ 1. kp¥_y„