nqoaO O¾uh - edupub.gov.lk G-10/budhist … · ii m%:u uqøKh (- 2014 fojk uqøKh (- 2015 f;jk uqøKh (- 2016 isjqjk uqøKh (- 2017 miajk uqøKh (- 2018 yhjk uqøKh (- 2019 ish¨

i

nqoaO O¾uh

10 fY%aKsh

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ish¨ u fm<fmd;a bf,lafg%dksla udOHfhka ,nd .ekSug

fjí wvúhg msúfikak'www.edupub.gov.lk

ii

m%:u uqøKh (- 2014

fojk uqøKh (- 2015

f;jk uqøKh (- 2016

isjqjk uqøKh (- 2017

miajk uqøKh (- 2018

yhjk uqøKh (- 2019

ish¨ ysñlï weúß‚'

ISBN 978-955-25-0376-4

iii

Y%S ,xld cd;sl .Sh

Y%S ,xld ud;d

wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d

iqkaor isßnßkS" iq/¢ w;s fidanudk ,xld

OdkH Okh fkl u,a m,;=re msß ch N+ñh ruHd

wmyg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;d

ms<s.kq uek wm Nla;s mQcd

kfuda kfuda ud;d


Tn fõ wm úoHd - Tn u h wm i;Hd

Tn fõ wm Yla;s - wm yo ;=< Nla;s

Tn wm wdf,dafla - wmf.a wkqm%dfKa

Tn wm Ôjk fõ - wm uqla;sh Tn fõ

kj Ôjk foñfka ks;sk wm mqnqÿ lrka ud;d

{dk ù¾h jvjñk /f.k hkq uek ch N+ñ lrd

tl ujlf. ore le, neúkd

huq huq ù fkdmud

fm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r Þ kfuda kfuda ud;d


iv

wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha fn!oAO WmfoaYl uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk

,o .=re jkaokd .d:dj iy wêIaGdk moHh

.=re jkaokd .d:dj

´jdo ismam odfkak

islaLdfma;s uux .re

i.drfõk Ñ;af;ak

wyx jkaodñ ;x .rex

Tjd isma §fuk

ud yslaujk fmafuk

weÿre yo ne;sfhk

j¢ï .re is; fmrgq lrñk

mdi,a WoEik /iaùu wjidkfha flfrk wêIaGdkh

f;rejk mqod isyslr udmsh fofok

.=re is; Èkd Tm lr f.k .=K kqjK

lrñk ind úÿy,a uEKsf. isysk

iqrlsñ iod uf. rg cd;sh iiqk

rpl( mQcH .ka;=fka wiaiÔ ysñ

From the government, I received this as a giftI’ll read it, light up my knowledge and practise thriftOn my country’s own behalf, I’ll protect the national resourcesAnd offer this book to another one as a fresh garland of roses

;s<sKh f,iska rcfhka fï fmd; ,Èñ

lshjd thska keK .=K t<s lr .ksñ

uf. rg fjkqfjka u oE iïm;a rlsñ

fï fmd; tk jifr fjk flkl=g mqoñ

Aµ]ß öÁS©v¯õ´ ¡¼uøÚ¨ ö£Ø÷Óß

AÔÄ ö£¸Qh÷Á ¡¼uøÚU PØ÷£ß

uõ´ |õmiß ÁÍö©ÚÄ® ¡¼uøÚU Põ¨÷£ß

£» ©õnÁ¸® £°ßÔh÷Á ¡¼øu÷¯ AÎ¨÷£ß

v

—w¨;a fjñka" fjkia fjñka" ksje/È oekqfuka

rgg jf. u uq¿ f,djg u fjkak keK myka˜

.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a m‚jqvh

f.ù .sh oYl follg wdikak ld,h f,dal b;sydih ;=< iqúfYaIS jQ ;dlaI‚l

fjkialï /ila isÿjQ ld,hls' f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh" ikaksfõokh m%uqL lr.;a fiiq

lafIa;%j, YS>% ÈhqKqj;a iuÕ j;auka isiq ore oeßhka yuqfõ kj wNsfhda. /ila ks¾udKh ù

;sfí' wo iudcfha mj;sk /lshdj, iajNdjh kqÿre wkd.;fha § iqúfYaIS fjkialï /ilg

,la jkq we;' tjka jgmsgdjla ;=< kj ;dlaI‚l oekqu iy nqoaêh flakaø lr.;a iudchl

fjkia wdldrfha /lshd wjia:d o ,laI .Kkska ks¾udKh jkq we;' ta wkd.; wNsfhda.

ch.ekSu fjkqfjka" Tn iún, .ekaùu wOHdmk wud;Hjrhd f,i uf.a;a" wm rcfha;a m%uqL

wruqKhs'

ksoyia wOHdmkfha udyeÕs m%;s,dNhla f,i fkdñf,a Tn w;g m;a jk fuu fmd;

ukdj mßYS,kh lsÍu;a" bka wjYH oekqu Wlyd .ekSu;a Tfí taldhk wruqK úh hq;= h'

tfuka u Tfí ujqmshka we;=¿ jeäysáhkaf.a Y%ufha iy lemlsÍfï m%;sM,hla f,i rch

úiska fkdñf,a mdi,a fm<fmd;a Tn w;g m;a lrkq ,nk nj o Tn jgyd .; hq;= h'

f,dalh fõ.fhka fjkia jk jgmsgdjl" kj m%jK;dj,g .e<fmk whqßka kj

úIh ud,d ilia lsÍug;a" wOHdmk moaO;sh ;=< ;SrKd;aul fjkialï isÿ lsÍu i|yd;a

rchla f,i wm lghq;= lrkafka rgl wkd.;h wOHdmkh u;ska isÿ jk nj wm fyd¢ka u

wjfndaO lrf.k isák neúks' ksoyia wOHdmkfha Wmßu m%;sM, N=la;s ú¢ñka" rgg muKla

fkdj f,djg u jevodhS Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishl= f,i keÕS isákakg Tn o wÈgka lr.; hq;=

jkafka tneúks' ta i|yd fï fmd; mßYS,kh lsÍfuka Tn ,nk oekqu o bjy,a jkq we;s nj

uf.a úYajdihhs'

rch Tfí wOHdmkh fjkqfjka úhoï lrk w;súYd, OkialkaOhg jákdlula tla

lsÍu o Tfí hq;=lula jk w;r" mdi,a wOHdmkh yryd Tn ,nd .kakd oekqu yd l=i,;d

Tfí wkd.;h ;SrKh lrk nj o Tn fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr .; hq;= h' Tn iudcfha l=uk

;rd;srul isáh o ish¨ ndOd ì| ouñka iudcfha by< u ia;rhlg .uka lsÍfï yelshdj

wOHdmkh yryd Tng ysñ jk nj o Tn fyd¢ka wjOdrKh lr .; hq;= h'

tneúka ksoyia wOHdmkfha Wmßu m%;sM, ,nd" f.!rjkSh mqrjeishl= f,i fyg

f,dj Èkkakg;a foaY foaYdka;rj, mjd Y%S ,dxflah kduh nn<jkakg;a Tng yels fõjdæ hs

wOHdmk wud;Hjrhd f,i uu Y=N m%d¾:kh lrñ'

wls, úrdÊ ldßhjiï

wOHdmk wud;H

vi

fmrjok

Tn ckau,dNh ,nd we;af;a bka§h id.rfha uq;= wegh hehs úreodj,S ,;a rglh'

Tfí rg wka rgj,a yd iei`¥ l, l=vd rgla f,i fmkqKo tys w.h wñ, h' tjka

w.kd mqKHN+ñhl Wmka Tn ieu ienúkau jdikdjka; msßils' isiq ore±ßhka

jk Tn ieu" fyd¢ka wOHdmkh ,nd .=K keK fnf,ka hq;= mqrjeishka f,i

wkd.; f,dalh t<sh lrkq ±lSu wmf.a taldhk wfmalaIdjhs' tu wfmalaIdj

uqÿkam;a lr,kq ms‚i wOHdmkh i|yd wjYH ish¨ myiqlï fkdñf,a iemhSug

rch lghq;= lrhs' fuu fmd; Tng ;s<sK flfrkafka o tys tla mshjrla

jYfhks'

kj m%d:ñl úIh ud,djg wkqj fï jk úg 1" 2" 3 iy 4 fY%aKs iòyd

kj fm<fmd;a y`ÿkajd § we;' 2020 j¾Ifha § 5 jeks fY%aKshg kj fm< fmd;a

y`ÿkajd §fuka wk;=rej fuu woshf¾ m%d:ñl úIhud,d ixfYdaOkh ksudjg

m;afõ' 1 fY%aKsfha isg 5 fY%aKsh olajd m%d:ñl fY%aKsj, isma i;r yodrk YsIH

m%cdj fjkqfjka rch ;s<sK lrk fm<fmd;a ixLHdj 30 la muK fõ' fï jákd

iïm;ska Ôú;h wdf,dalj;a lr .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu Tn ieuf.a j.lSu úh

hq;=h'

fuu fm<fmd; Tn w;g m;a lsÍu iòyd lemùfuka lghq;= l<

f,aLl yd ixialdrl uKav, idudðl uy;au uy;aókag iy wOHdmk m%ldYk

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾h uKav,hg udf.a ia;=;sh mqo lrñ'

ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl"

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a"

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j"

biqremdh"

n;a;ruq,a,'

2019'04'10

vii

kshdukh yd wëlaIKh (

ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a


fufyhùu (

ví,sõ' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia îxj¾Ok&


iïnkaëlrKh (

ã' tï' chka; mqIaml=udr

ksfhdacH flduidßia ^md,k&


ixialdrl uKav,h (

1' uydpd¾h" mQcH foajdf,a.u fïOdkkao iajdóka jykafia

le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h

2' w;smQcH" .ka;=fka wiaiÔ uydkdhl iajdóka jykafia

úY%dñl lÓldpd¾h" YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

3' wdpd¾h" mQcH udUq,af.dv iqukr;k iajdóka jykafia

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

isxy, NdId ixialrKh (

1' uydpd¾h" ksu,a u,a,jwdrÉÑ

wxYdêm;s" isxy, wOHhk wxYh" le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h

viii

f,aLl uKav,h (

1' Ydia;%m;s" jhs'mS'mS' lúis.uqj

.=re WmfoaYsld" l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" r;akmqr'

2' wOHdmkm;s" ví'ta'iS' fõrf.dv

.=re WmfoaYsld" fldÜGdi wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" jrldfmd<'

3' o¾Ykm;s" Wohrejka u,a,sldrÉÑ

úÿy,am;s" by< fndañßh lksIaG úoHd,h" lvqfj,'

4' Ydia;%m;s" wd¾'ta' .=Kj¾Ok

.=refiajh I" .sß$rejka.sß uOH uyd úoHd,h" fnda.uq,a,'

fidaÿm;a lshùu (

1' tia'î'tï' ksu,a O¾uisß

wOHdmk wOHlaI"

wd.ñl yd idrO¾u wxYh" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh'

Ñ;% rEm igyka" msg ljrh ieliSu (

1' wñ;d bkaÈrdks

iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI

l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" .ïfmd<'

mß.Kl .; lsÍu" msgq ieliSu (

1' ví'ã' ksïñld


2' tA'tka' Ydksld uOqYdkS


3' mS'ta' Yhsks bu,aId


wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha fn!oaO WmfoaYl uKav,fha wkque;sh mßÈ"

2015 kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wod< j fuu fmd; iïmdokh lr we;'

ix

01' wNsfhda. ch .;a isÿy;a fndai;dfKda 01

02' kuÈuq w.huq uy i`.rejkd 07

03' f;rejk .=K ye¢k .ksuq 13

04' l=i,a is;a jeä ÈhqKq lruq 22

05' úoiqka jvkafkda we;s ;;= olskafkda 28 06' iiqka fl; ire l<" W;=fuda .=Ke;s fmr l, 34

07' uy¨ úfhys ÿla fkdjkak ;=reKq Èúh f.dvk.kak 41

08' wkqiia ±l is,aj;a fjuq 45

09' in|;d rlsk ñksia hq;=lï 50

10' reÿre ñksiqka w;r fjuq wms fid÷re ñksiqka 58

11' wfmalu iy iyÔjkh 62

12' l¾uh iy tys m%fNao ye¢k .ksuq 67

13' we;s ;;= lshk ;s,l=Kq oyu 74

14' máÉp iuqmamdo kHdh ye¢k .ksuq 78

15' isõiia ye¢k iekiqu ,nuq 82 16' nqÿ isß;hs - mßirhhs 88

17' kSfrda.S nj W;=ï ,dNhhs 94

18' ksje/È wdydr mßfNdackfhka iqj fia fjfiuq 98

19' iiqk iq/ls ix.dhkd 102

20' fy< l,djka iqrlsuq 108

21' fn!oaO idys;Hh ri ú¢uq 118

22' rdcH md,kh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï 124

23' Y%oaOdj ksjka uf.ys msúiquhs 131

mgqk

msgqj

x

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu iòydh 1

Èjd l, úvd nr nj ÿr,ñka Wod jQ ijia ld,h is;a myka lrkakla úh'

.=jka úÿ,sfhka m%pdrh jkakd jQ wmQre .S;hla ud ijkg jeáKs' úYdro úlag¾

r;akdhlf.a ñhqre y`äka .S;j;a jk"

zzwud oyr Èh .,d .,d

;=re ,;d ;=<ska u,a msh,s i,d

ch y`äka f,djg isy ko m;=rd

f,dai; w;ßka cks; jqKdZZ

hk .S;h ijkg jefgk úg uis; we§ .sfha fuf;la f,dj my< jQ fYa%IaG;u

Ydia;DDka jykafia jk f,dõ;=rd wud uEKS nqÿrcdKka jykafia fj; h' fndai;a

Wm; fuka u fndai;a pß;h o wNsfhda.hkaf.ka msÍ mej;s tlls' fndai;=ka ch

.;a wNsfhda. wmuK h' iqúfYaI jQ tu ch.%yK wmg o w.kd u. fmkaùuls'

fndai;a Wm; f,dj isÿ jQ wisßu;a isÿùfuls' ta i|yd foaj wdrdOkdj ,enQ miq

fndai;ajrfhl= úiska mxp uyd úf,dalkh u`.ska mQ¾j wOHhkhla lrkq ,efí'

foúhka wdrdOkd l< muKska u fndai;dfKda th fkd ms<s.;ay' ;udf.a wjika

Wm; i|yd iqÿiq miqìu kqjKska úuid ne,Su mxp uyd úf,dalkhhs' i;H

jYfhka u th fY%aIaG Wm; yd ne÷Kq wNsfhda.hls' ish wruqK bgqlr .; yels

id¾:l Ôú;hla i|yd moku ilia lr .; hq;= wdldrh ms<sn| j mxp uyd

úf,dalkh ;=<ska ukd j meyeÈ,s fõ' Ôú;fha jeo.;a ;SrK .ekSfï § is;d" úuid

n,d lghq;= l< hq;= h' laIKsl ;SrK u; l%shd lsÍfuka .eg¨ we;s jk wjia:d

fndfyda h' id¾:l YsIH Ôú;hla Wfoid fuh wmg mQ¾jdo¾Yhls' fndai;a Wm;

isÿ jQ ú.i mshjr ;eîu;a" fndai;a isßmd ms<s.ekSug i;a mshqï msmSu;a" isxy kdo

meje;aùu;a fjk;a lsisÿ Wm;l olakg fkd ,enqK wdYap¾hj;a isÿùï h'

rdclSh mjq,lg wod< iem iïm;a yd wdrlaIdj ueo jevqKq isÿy;a fndai;dfKda

rc l=url=g wjYH Ys,am ms<sn| úfYaI mqyqKqjla o ,enQy' tkï kS;s Ydia;%h" lvq

Ys,amh" ÿkq Ys,amh yd we;=ka" wiqka yeisrùu wd§ ish¨ Ys,am Ydia;% ms<sn| mqyqKqjhs'

isÿy;a l=urd i¾j ñ;% kï nuqKq m`äjrhdf.ka b;d flá l,lska Ys,am Ydia;%

W.;a nj o i|yka fjhs' .=rejrhd fj;ska ish¨ Ys,am Ydia;% l=urd uekeúka"

wNsfhda. ch .;a isÿy;a

fndai;dfKda

01

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu iòydh2

läkñka m%.=K lf<a h' lsis úgl;a wdpd¾hjrhdf.a is; fkdßoù h' tl u foh

kej; kej; isysm;a lsÍug .=rejrhdg wjYH fkdù h' isÿy;a l=uref.a <ud

wjÈfha olakg ,enqKq úfYaI ,laIK jQfha lSlre nj" ldreKsl nj" W.kajk foa

fyd¢ka OdrKh lr .ekSu" fu;a is;=ú,sj,ska hqla; ùu yd ks¾NS; nj h' lsis

úgl;a wka wh ;,d fm<d ke.S isàfï wdidjla fkd ;snQ l=urdfKda ksy`v j ish¨

Ys,am uekeúka yeoEÍu .ek u is; fhduq lrñka lghq;= l<y' ish jhig .e<fmk

foa lsÍu;a" ;u foudmshkag fyda ;udg fyda wf.!rj jk lsisjla isÿ fkdlsÍu;a

l=uref.a YsIH Ôú;fha iqúfYaI ,laIK h' Ok n,h" rc n,h wd§ ish¨ iem

iïm;ska fkd wvqj jevqKq l=urdg tl, l< fkd yelalla fkdù h' tfy;a l=ure

tAjdhska Woï fkdù ish,a, úuiqï kqjKska hq;= j isÿ lsÍfuka u meyeÈ,s jkqfha

;reK Ôú;fha wNsfhda. b;d id¾:l f,i ch .;a wdldrhhs'

fidf<dia yeúßÈ fh!jkhg t<ô l=urekag iqÿiq l=ußhl irK mdjd §ug msh

rc;=udfKda lghq;= iQodkï l<y' fuys § {d;s rcjreka l=uref.a Ys,am {dkh

ms<sn| j ielhla u;= l< fyhska" {d;Ska bÈßfha Ys,am ±laùug isÿy;a l=ure

ks¾NS; j bÈßm;a úh' tod fndfyda {d;Ska yuqfõ Okq Ys,amh" lvq Ys,amh" we;=ka yd

wiqka fufyhùu wdÈfhys ;ud ;=< mej;s iqúfYaI ksmqK;ajh l=ure úoyd mEfõ

Tjqka úiauhg m;a lrjñks' ta isÿy;a l=ureka ch .;a ;j;a wNsfhda.hls'

iajhxjrhlska iqÿiq l=, l=ußh f;dard .ekSfï tod mej;s isß;g wkqj l=udrhdfKda

iqm%nqoaO YdlH rcqf.a rEu;a ÈhKsh jQ NoaolÉpdkd fyj;a hfidaordj irK mdjd

.;ay' fh!jkfhl= f,i irK nkaOkh i|yd iqÿiq l=, l=ußhl f;dard .ekSfï §

nqoaêu;a f,i ;SrK .ekSu;a" fomd¾Yajfha u wdYS¾jdoh ueo irK ux.,Hh isÿ

lsÍu;a fhdjqka úfha ;reKfhl= uqyqK fok wNsfhda. fõ' fï wjia:dfõ fndai;a

l=ure l%shd l< wkaou fh!jkhkag wdo¾Yhls'

ish¨ udmshjrekaf.a wNs,dIh ;u mq;%hd f,dj Èkkq ±lSu h' ta ye`.=u iqfodjqka

uy rc;=ud ;=< o fkd wvq j mej;=Ks' ;u mq;a l=urd ilaú;s rc flfkl= jkq ±lau

msh rc;=udf.a tl u isyskh úh' Bg ndOl jk lsisjla l=ureg yuq fkdjkakg

msh rcf;fï lghq;= ie,iqfõ h' t;=ud rc l=url= f,i ish mq;=g Wiia ldufNda.S

Ôú;hla f.ùu i|yd .sïydk" fyauka;" jiaidk hk R;= ;=kg wkqrEm jk mßÈ

ruH" iqruH" iqN kñka iqfLdamfNda.S ud,s.d ;=kla lrjd ÿks' tu ud,s.d ;=< rEu;a

l=udßldfjda l=ure mskùu i|yd kegqï" .ehqï" jehqï meje;ajQy' .sysf.h iemj;a

ldufNda.S Ôú;hlg iqÿiq taldhk u. nj fmkaùug wjeis mßirh msh rc;=uka

úiska f.dv kxjkq ,en ;snqKs' tfy;a tfia rc iem ú£u l=urdf.a wruqK fkdù h'

Ôú;fha h:d¾:h;a úuqla;sh;a fidhd hdu l=uref.a wruqK jQfha h' ldufNda.S nj

yd rc iem l=ureg wNsfhda.hla úh'

b÷rka mskjñka w;Dma;slr j lïiem fidhd hk wh wo fuka u tl, o iq,N jQy'

tfy;a Tjqkg fkdfmfkk me;a;la fndai;dKkag fmksK' fï ish¨ iem iïm;a


;djld,sl nj ÿgq l=urdfKda iodld,sl iqjhla Wod lr .ekSfï wNsfhda.hg uqyqK

ÿkay¦ wkql%ufhka th ch.;ay' ;ud lrk ish¨ lghq;= ksje/È j uekeúka isÿ

lsÍu;a fndfyda lreKq is;d úuid n,d l%shdjg ke.Su;a fndai;a pß;h olakg

,efnk iqúfYaI ,laIKhls' fndai;a Wm; isÿù i;a Èklska uj uydudhd foaúh

l¨ßh l< nj wm okakd lreKls' i;H f,i u ienE ujq fifkyi wysñ jQj o

fndai;dfKda ta .ek u is;ñka ld,h .; fkd l<y' <ud úfhys;a ;reK úfhys;a

¥r olakd kqjKska hq;= j lghq;= lsÍug l=ure iu;a úh' uj wysñ jQ fndfyda orejka

Ôú;h wid¾:l lr .kakd wdldrh wms ±l we;af;uq' tfy;a fndai;a l=ureg th

Èkd.; fkdyels wNsfhda.hla f,i fkdfmkqKs'

jhiska yd kqjKska uqyql=rd h;a u ;ud .; lrk Ôú;h mQ¾K ;Dma;shg WmldÍ

fkdjk nj isÿy;a fndai;dfKda mila l<y' ud,s.dfjka msg; f,dalfha h:d¾:h

±lSug l=ureg wjYH úh' rc Whkg hdu m%sh l< l=urekag w;ru. § i;r

fmrksñ;s olakg ,enqKs' thska m%n, udkisl .eg¨jla we;s úh' i;r fmrksñ;s o

tajd yqfola ldhsl rEm f,i u fkdi,ld Ôú;fha h:d¾:h m%ldY lrk lreKq

f,i l=ure mila lr .;af;a h' ksiel j u f,dj Wmka i;a;ajhd jhig hdu"

f,v ùu yd ñh hdu fyj;a crd" jHdê" urK hk ÿla mSvdjkag ,la jk nj l=ure

jgyd .;af;a h' Wmka ish¨ i;a;ajhd fïjdg uqyqK mdkafka kï fïjdhska ñ§ug

u.la fiúh hq;= nj Pkak iu. l< idlÉPdfjka l=ure f;areï .;af;a h' ish¨

hi biqre ueo Èú f.jQ ;reKhl= jqj o úuis,su;a nj ksid u Ôú;fha h:d¾:h

hkq ;ud w;aú¢k Ôú;h fkdjk nj l=ureg wjfndaO úh' uy¨ ùu" f,v ùu

yd urKh iuia; i;a;aj m%cdjg u iir uqyqK §ug we;s wksjd¾h wNsfhda. nj

olsñka tajd ch .ekSug t;eka mgka l=ure lem jQ nj fmfka'

uy,a,l=" f,vl= yd u<l|la ±l Ôú;fha iajNdjh f;areï .ekSu yd WmYdka;

meúÈ rej ±lSfuka ikaiqka njg m;a ùu fndai;a isßf;a iqúfYaI isÿùuls' ksYaldó

ieye,a¨ meúÈ Ôú;hg we;=`M ùfuka idxidßl wNsfhda. ch .; yels nj l=ureg

wjfndaO jQfha fulS fmrksñ;s ±lSfuks' tu is;sú,a, u tÈk ieye,a¨fjka .;

lsÍug fya;= úh'

WmYdka; meúÈ rej .ek u is; fhduq lrñka isá fndai;=kg ud,s.fhka meñKs

mKsjqvlrefjl=f.ka wikakg ,enqfKa hfidaord foaúh mq;l= ,o njhs' túg u

meúÈ ùug ndOlhla we;s jQ nj isys ù rdyqf,da cdf;da nkaOkx cd;x hkqfjka

l=uref.a uqúka msg jQ nj i|yka fõ' orejl=f.ka fjka ùu msfhl=g myiq ld¾hhla

fkdfõ' th uy;a u jQ Ôú; nkaOkhls' ksYaldó jQ meúÈ Èúhg m;aùug is;kakl=g

wNsfhda.hls' ;u mq;Kqjka fjkqfjka .sys f.hs /÷Kfyd;a tjka mq;=ka iqjyila

iir ÿflys .sf,k nj jgyd .;a l=urdfKda ÿlska ñ§fï u. fidhd hdfï ;sr

wÈgfkys msysáfhda h' l=ure tu wNsfhda.hg o uqyqK § ch.;af;a h'


f;aciska imsß" tfy;a Ydka; jQ" ms%hxlr jQ" fndai;=kaf.a wkqmfïh rEm YS%h"

lsidf.da;ñh kï YdlH l=ußhf.a ksínq; mo ;=<ska meyeÈ,s fõ' tys § lshjqKq

fujka mqf;l= ,o ujla msfhla ksjqfKda fj;s hkak fndfyda mq;=kaf.ka foudmshkg

fkd ,efnk f.!rjhls' Nø fh!jkfha miqjk ;reKhl= ;=<ska n,dfmdfrd;a;=

úh fkdyels ;ekam;a iajNdjhla l=urd ;=< we;s jQfha <ud úfhys isg u h' iqÿiq

jhig iqÿiq foa lsÍu;a úuiqï kqjK;a ksid u l=ureg fndfyda wNsfhda. ch .;

yels úh' tfia u fujeks iajdñfhla we;s ìßh o ksùu ,en isákakshls hkafkka

l=urd hym;a iajdñfhl= f,i id¾:l hq. Èúhla f.k .sh nj meyeÈ,s fõ' lSlre

mqf;l= f,i;a" hym;a iajdñhl= f,i;a" isÿy;a l=ure .sys Ôú;h .; lsÍu iqúfYaI

,laIKfhls' WmYdka; meúÈ rej ±lSfuka meúÈ ùug l=uref.a isf;ys we;s jQ

we,au ta ksid u|l=ÿ fjkia fkdù h' wêIaGdkh iy ksje/È wruqK lrd .uka

lsÍug ndysr lsisjla ndOdjla lr fkd.ekSu fndai;a isßf;a Wodr ,laIKhls'

m%didoj,ska ìug fkdnei k¿ ks<shka msßjrdf.k lñka fndñka úfkdaoldó j

f.jk Ôú;fhys yrhla ke;s nj jgyd .;a fndai;=ka ;=< meúÈ ùfï we,au ±ä j

we;s úh' wo fuka u tod iudcfha o fndfyda ;reKhkag fkd,enqKq hi biqre

,enqj o ta ish,a, w¨hu Æ fl< ms`vla fia bj; ±óug l=uref.a wêIaGdkh m%n,

úh' ta ksid u t;=udg fndfyda wNsfhda. ch .; yels úh'


msh rc;=udKkaf.a tl u wNs,dIh jQfha ish mq;a l=urd ilaú;s rcl= lsÍu h' tfy;a

mq;a l=urdf.a wNs,dIh jQfha ish,a, yer oud f.dia meúÈ ùu h' ilaú;s rc j iem

ú¢kjdg jvd f,da i;=ka ÿlska uqojd .ekSu Wfoid ÿla ú£u fndai;=kag ms%h úh'

ilaú;s rcqg jqj o iifrys bmso cd;s" crd" jHdê yd urK wd§ ÿla fodïkiaj,g

uqyqK §ug isÿ fõ' ksjka u. fidhd .; fyd;a ;ud fuka u msh rc;=ud" iq¿ uj"

hfidaordj yd mq;a l=ure we;=¿ ish¨ f,da i;=ka iir ÿlska uqojd .; yels nj

isÿy;a l=urd f;areï f.k isá nj fmfka'

Nø fh!jkfha miqjkakl=g mialï iemh w;a yeÍu myiq lghq;a;la fkdfõ'

ilaú;s rclu o hfidaordj o mq;a l=ure o fndfyda iem iïm;a o w;a yeÍu l=ureg

uqyqK §ug isÿjQ úYd, wNsfhda. úh' tfy;a ;ud o ÿlska ñ§ f,dalhd o thska uqod

.ekSfï wêIaGdkh n,j;a jQ neúka l=urdfKda ta ish¨ wNsfhda.hka ch f.k uyd

wNsksIal%uKh l<y¦ meúoafol= ù i;Hh fidhd .shy' ih jirl ÿIalr Ôú;h o"

.=re weiqr o Tiafia úúO wNsfhda. ch .ksñka ;udf.a u mdró Yla;sh u; ish¨

flf,ia ke;s fldg" f,dõ;=rd nqÿ njg m;a ùug fndai;dfKda iu;a jQy'

fndai;a isß; ienE f,i u wNsfhda. /ilska msÍ mej;=Kls' ta ish,a, l=ure ch

.kq ,enqfõ bjiSu" lemùu yd wêIaGdkh uq,a fldg f.k h' oï wud jeiafika

f,da i;=ka ksjd iekish yels jQfha o ixidrfhka tf;r ùu hk wruqK bgq lr

.; yels jQfha o úuiqï kqjKska lghq;= lsÍfuks' wmg YsIH Ôú;fha wNsfhda.

ch .ekSug fndai;a isß; pß;dhkh l< yels h¦ wdo¾Yhg .; yels h' tu`.ska

wmg fndai;a orejka f,i ls%hd lsÍug wjYH udkisl mßirh f.dvkef.k nj

wjxl j u ms<s.; yels h'

idrdxYh

Wm;" Ys,am ye±Íu" fmrksñ;s ±lSu" ksínq; mo weiSu" mialï iqj w;a yeÍu" msh

rcqf.a wfmalaIdjka bgq lsÍu wdÈ úúO wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK §ug isÿy;a fndai;=kag

isÿ úh' lemùu" wêIaGdkh yd ksje/È .uka u. o Tiafia tu wNsfhda. ch .ekSug

t;=udfKda iu;a jQy' th wm ieug wdo¾Yhls'


ls%hdldrlu

01 zzisÿy;a fndai;=ka wNsfhda. ch .;a ieá’’ hk uefhka mdi,a ì;a;s mqj;a m;g

iqÿiq ,smshla ilia lrkak'

02 isÿy;a fndai;a pß;h weiqfrka my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

wNsfhda.h wdo¾Yh

mqyqKqjg

wdrN: kslaLu: - hq[ac: nqoaO idifka

Oqkd: uÉpqfkda fiakx - k<d.drxj l=[acfrd

^wreKj;S iQ;%h&

wrUõ kslafuõ fhfoõ nqÿ iiqkays"

Èkõ urfika mrod ng le,hg jeÈ wef;l= fia'


mqrd jir wkQy;la wdhq YS% je<ª l< wr,sh ;ekak mqrdK úydrdêm;s j jev isá

w;s.re kdhl udysñmdfKda miq.sh od wmj;a ù jod<y' tod wm .ïudkh u ly

meye;s Oc m;dlhkaf.ka msrefKa .ï jeishkaf.a n,j;a fida iqiqï ueÈks' .ï

jeis ish,af,da wdodyk mQfcda;aijhg ieriqfKda h' .y fld< mjd ue,ù .shdla

jeks h' ysre ieÕù issáfha h' ishla jirlg wdikak ld,hla ;=< kdysñhka jevu

fkdl< ksjykla .ïudkfhys fkdù h' okg" nKg" msß;g" wjuÕ=,g jevujñka

wmg wd.ñl wdYS¾jdoh ksn| j ,nd ÿka Wka jykafia úydria:dkh o ish¨

úydrdx.hkaf.ka iïmQ¾K fldg f.dv kexùug odhl ldrld§kag u. fmkajQy'

wr,sh;ekak .ïudkh f.dú;ekska hefmk" wysxil .eñhka Ôj;a jQ ÿIalr

fmfoils' tu .ïudkh ;=< mej;s ÿIalr nj iukh fldg kj Ôjhla ,nd §ug

kdhl;ajh iemhQfõ wmj;a ù jod< wm kdhl udysñmdKka jykafia h' tfia u

Wka jykafia .fï úÿyf,a úÿy,am;s ysñhka f,i o jir ;syl ld,hla wkd.;

mrmqr yev.eiaùfuys ,d wñ, fufyhla bgq l<y'

uxudj;a bÈ lsÍu" we< fõ,s ieliSu" jej ms<silr lsÍu" ud;D ksjdihla .ug ,nd

.ekSu wd§ fndfyda iudc fiajhkays o ksr; jQ kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiaf.a

fufyh w.hñka wdodyk mQfcda;aijfha § odhl iNdj úiska m;%sldjla fnod fok

,È' wr,sh;ekak uy úÿyf,a j;auka úÿy,am;s;=ud úiska rÑ; tys fufia i|yka

úh'

úydrdêm;s yssñkul" úÿy,am;s ysñkul iy .eñ m%cd kdhlfhl= o f,i

buy;a fiajhla isÿ l< kdhl udysñhka jykafia jpkfha mßiudma;d¾:fhka u

is,aj;a nqoaO mq;%fhls' wd.ñl" idudcsl" wOHdmksl yd cd;sl fufyjrl fhÿK

Wka jykafiaf.a pß;h j;auka .sys meúÈ fomd¾Yajhg u wdo¾Y /ila imhkakls'

ixidr.; ÿlska ñ§ ksjka mila lr.kq msKsi ñksidg u. fmkajkq ,nkafka uyd

ix> r;akh úisks' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska iajlSh Y%djlhka y÷kajk ,oafoa

NslaLq kdufhks' wd¾h Y%djl NslaIq iuQyh we;=<;a iudch ix> iudch fyj;a NslaIq

iudchhs' miaj. ;jqika uyK ùfuka werUqK th wo olajd u wLKav j fkdkeiS

mj;S' ±kg f,dj mj;sk merKs u meúÈ ixúOdkh o fuhhs' ;ud ks¾jdKh

wjfndaO lr .ekSu msKsi;a" wka whg tu u. fmkaùu msKsi;a ;u Ôú;h lem

l< NslaIQka jykafia,d wmg lsis f,ilskaj;a wu;l l< fkdyels h' ix> r;akh

kuÈuq w.huq uy i`.rejkd02


fj;ska .syshdg bgq jk fufyh wmuK h' óg fyd| u ksoiqk jkqfha wfma kdhl

ysñmdKka jykafia h'

fn!oaOfhda Wmf;a isg urKh olajd ish¨ iqúfYaI wjia:dj, § ix> r;akfha

wdYS¾jdoh m%d¾:kd lr;s' .eìks ud;djkag wx.=,sud, msß; foaYkd lr wdYS¾jdo

lsßfï mgka orejdg kï ;eîu" b÷,a lg .Eu" ckau Èk ieureï" wl=re lshùu isÿ

lf<a wm kdhl ysñhkaf.a uQ,sl;ajfhks' úNd.j,g fmkS isàu" /lshdjg hdu"

wdjdy újdy ùu we;=¿ Ôú;fha úúO jeo.;a wjia:djkays oS wdYS¾jdo lsÍu;a" odkuh

msxlï" msß;a msxlï" O¾u foaYkd" fndaê mQcd" wdikak O¾u foaYkd meje;aùu;a

kdhl udysñmdKka jykafia bgqlf<a uy;a lreKd ohdfjks'


wfma .fï ux., W;aij wjia:djkays § fn!oaO pdß;% isÿ lrkq ,enqfõ o kdhl

iajdóka jykafiaf.a ueÈy;a ùfuks' we;eï úg ux., W;aij i|yd iqN uqyq¾;

ilia lsÍu o kdhl udysñhka w;ska isÿ úh' wdjdy újdy ux.f,da;aij Èkg

fmr Èk nqoaO mQcd mj;ajd uy iÕ rejk fj; odkh mQcd lsÍu o jeo.;a fn!oaO

pdß;%hls' tjeks wjia:dj, id¾:l hq. Èúhla .; lsÍu Wfoid wjjdo wkqYdikd

,nd § fi;a msrs;a foaYkd lsÍu o kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiaf.ka isÿ úh'

wjux., wjia:djkays § uyd ix>r;akh úiska wd.ñl j;dj;a isÿ lrkq ,enqfõ o

kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiaf.a m%Odk;ajfhks' ñh .sh ;eke;a;d fjkqfjka msx

meñKùug wu;r j ÿlg m;a {d;Skag wks;H" ÿlaL yd wkd;au hk iajNdjhka

meyeÈ,s lrñka idr.¾N wkqYdikd meje;aùfï wmQre l=i,;djla wm udysñmdKka

;=< ;sìKs'

wr,sh;ekak .ïudkfha jeisfhda úúO wruqKq fmr±ß lrf.k msxlï ixúOdkh

l<y' tajd mkai," mdi," ksji yd /lshd ia:dk wd§ l=uk ia:dkhl meje;ajqj o

uQ,sl isß;a úß;aj, fjkila isÿ fkdù h' ish,af,ys WmfoaYkh yd u. fmkaùu

isÿ jQfha kdhl ysñmdKka jykafiaf.ks' msxlï u.ska fn!oaOhd n,dfmdfrd;a;=

úh hq;af;a f,daN" oafõY" fuday hk wl=i,a uq,a l%ufhka ;=kS lr .ekSu nj

Wka jykafia O¾udkql+, j fmkajd ÿkay'

msxlï ms<sn| pdß;%" jdß;% bgqlsÍu " mú;% j" l%uj;a j" ixúOdkd;aul j" olskakka

;=< Y%oaOdj Wmojñka lghq;= lsÍu jeks fndfyda foa wmg yqre mqreÿ jQfha mkai,

weiqre lsÍfuks' l=uk wkaofï msxlulska jqj;a Wmokd Y%oaOdj" lreKdj yd ffu;%sh

jeks m%n, Ñ;a; Yla;s ñksid ;=< cks; lrjk nj kdhl ysñhka fmkajd ÿkafka

nqoaO ld,Sk f;dr;=re fuka u kQ;k ksoiqka o weiqßks'

.ï jeishka iduldó ±yeñ Èú meje;aulg fhduq lsÍug kdhl;ajh f.k l%shd

lrkq ,enqfõ wfma kdhl iajdóka jykafia h' .sys meúÈ iïnkaOh wfkHdakH

jYfhka bgq úh hq;= hq;=lï ud,djla u; /£ mj;sk nj nqÿ oyu weiqfrka

Wka jykafia meyeÈ,s lr ÿkay' meúÈ W;=uka úiska .sys ckhd fjkqfjka bgq l<

hq;= ld¾hNdrh ;=<ska w¾:j;a jkafka o ix> r;akfha iudc fufyjrhs' nqoaO

foaYkdj mßÈ u .syshdf.a fuf,dj fuka u mrf,dj ys; iqj msKsi udkj ys;jd§

úúO iudc fiajdjka o kdhl ysñhka úiska wdrïN lr mj;ajd f.k hk ,È'

wirK jQ jeäysáhka Wfoid mj;ajd f.k .sh jeäysá ksjdih" wdndê;hka Wfoid

wdndê; irK fijK" wd¾Ól wmyiq;d we;s mdi,a orejka Wfoid YsIH;aj moku"

msysgla fkdue;s wdndê; rKúrejka Wfoid jQ rKúre fijK wd§ iudc fiajd

wdh;k úydria:dkhg wkqnoaO j msysgqùug mqfrda.dó jQfha Wka jykafia h' ;reK

;reKshka i|yd mj;ajd f.k wd WmfoaYk fiajh o" fcHIaG mqrjeis ffjoH

idhkh o Wka jykafia isÿ l< iudc fiajdjkaf.ka lsysmhls' kdhl udysñhka


úiska ;ud i;= ish¨ iïm;a iïmQ¾Kfhka u mdfya fhdojkq ,enqfõ fun÷ i;a

ld¾hhka fjkqfjks'

.ï jeishkag úm;la isÿ jQ iEu wjia:djl § u wmf.a kdhl udysñhka md .ukska u

tu ia:dkj,g jevu lf<a Èjd ? fkdn,d h' l÷" fy,a" .sß" YsLr fkd;ld wjeis

;ekg jevu fldg w¾:fhka O¾ufhka wkqYdikd lsÍu Wka jykafiaf.a isß; h'

.u ;=< isÿ jQ úúO wOd¾ñl l%shd kj;d ±óu;a" mjq,a wdrjq,a úi£u;a kdhl

udysñhka isÿ lf<a buy;a lreKdfjks' .%du ks,Odß;=udg úi¢h fkdyels jQ

fndfyda .eg¨ kd ysñhka úiska úi|kq ,enqfõ b;d nqoaêu;a f,i h' l=, orejka

rdYshla iiqka .; lr ;uka jykafia lrf.k wd fufyjr bÈßhg;a f.k hdug

l< u. fmkaùu o w;súYsIag h' ish¨ u YsIH h;sjrhka jykafia,dg Wka jykafia

msfhl= n÷ jQy'

m%foaYfha .rd jegqKq fjfyr úydr m%;sixialrKh Wfoid o Wka jykafia wmuK

fjfyila ±rE nj fkd ryils' th Wmdil" Wmdisldjka fjkqfjka ix> iudcfhka

bgq úh hq;= hq;=lula f,i Wka jykafia ie,l+y' wmj;a jQ kdhl udysñhkaf.a

iudc fufyjr .ug muKla iSud jQjla fkdfõ' th cd;sl fufyjrla o úh'

ihqre r< fm< f.dvìu wdl%uKh l< iqkdñ wjia:dfõ § Wka jykafia fmruqK

f.k l%shd lf<a kshu ix> ms;DjrhdKka jykafia kula f,i h' odkm;shka

yd wkq.%dyl Nj;=kaf.a wdOdr Wmldr we;s j wirK jQ ck;dj wrnhd m%cd

i;aldr rdYshla u lsÍug kdhl udysñhkag yels jQfha Wka jykafia ;=< mej;s

wd;aud¾:hg jvd mrd¾:h W;=ïh hk is;sú,a, ksid h' tys § cd;s wd.ï l=, fNao

lsisjla fkdie,l+ Wka jykafiaf.a fiajh ldg;a tl iudk úh' iqkdñh ksid

foudmshka wysñ jQ l=, orejka mia fofkl=g W;=ï Ydik udj; újr jQfha o Wka

jykafia ;=< mej;s fuu W;=ï .=Kh fya;=fjks'

.syshd ñ:Hdfjka uqojd i;Hh lrd fhduq lsÍfï iudc kdhl;ajh mejÍ ;sfnkafka

uyd ix>r;akhg nj f;areï .;a kdysñfhda fn!oaO idrO¾u wjjdofhka fuka u

wdo¾Yfhka o fmkajd ÿkay' fhdjqka iudch idrO¾u fj; fhduq fldg hy u.g

.ekSug Wka jykafia ;=< jQfha buy;a Woafhda.hls' jeäysáhka fjkqfjka úúO

iñ;s iud.ï mj;ajd f.k hñka .=K oyï j¾Okhg u. fmkajQfha ish,a,ka u

flfrys Wka jykafia ;=< mej;s wkqmfïh wkqlïmdj yd fu;a is;=ú,s ksid h'

úÿy,am;sjrfhl= jQ kdysñfhda orejkaf.a wOHdmk lghq;= flfrys uy;a Wkkaÿjla

±lajQy' m%d:ñl mdi,la jQ wfma .fï mdi, wo uy úÿy,la njg m;a ù we;af;a

wmj;a ù jod< kdhl ysñhkaf.a wm%;sy; ffO¾hh ksid u h' tA ;=<ska foia úfoia

iqm;, úoaj;=ka ìysùu ms<sn| j Wka jykafia isysm;a lrkq ,enqfõ uy;a i;=áks'

oyï mdi, wdrïN lr oyï wOHdmkh ;=<ska o kdysñfhda fn!oaO orejka yev

.eiajQy' ±yeñ .;s .=Kj,ska fmdaIKh jQ <ud mrmqrla ìys lsÍug Wka jykafiag

yels jQfha tneúks'


wmj;a ù jod< kdhl udysñmdKka úiska ish wdpd¾hmdohdKka jykafia isys lsÍu

Wfoid wdrïN lrkakg fhÿK msßfjk YsIH NslaIQka jykafia,df.a wOHdmkh

Wfoid ±,a jQ ñKs mykla úh' m%dÖk NdId ms<sn| ksmqKfhl= jQ Wka jykafia

ksr;=re j u ish isiqka o tA i|yd fhduq l<y' meúÈ m`äjre /ila tA ;=<ska cd;shg

u odhdo jQy'

úydria:dkfha mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk zioyï u.Z fmr mdi, .ek o kdhl

udysñmdKka jykafia úiska úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lrk ,È' f;rejk weiqfrka

f,dj olsk orejd wkd.;fha § ys;ldó mqrjeisfhl= jk nj Wka jykafia ;rfha

úYajdi l<y' wmj;a ù jod< kd ysñhka fj;ska isÿ jQ fufyh ixLHd;aul j .Kkh

l< fkdyels h' Wka jykafia ksr;=re j u .syshdf.a f,!lsl Y=N isoaêh i|yd

fuka u wdOHd;añl ixjrh i|yd o u. fmkajQy' mkai, yd .u w;r wfkHdakH

jYfhka ne`§u w;HjYH nj Wka jykafia ksr;=re j l,amkd l<y¦ tA i|yd u.

fmkajQy' tu ne£u .sys meúÈ fomlaIhg u fnfyúka M,odhS úh' úydria:dkh

fuka u .u o ixj¾Okh lrñka NslaIq kdhl;ajh hgf;a iyÔjkfhka l%shd

lsÍug .ï jeisfhda o tu.ska fm<UqKy'

kdhl udysñhka fmkajQ u. jäk Wka jykafiaf.a YsIH h;sjrhka jykafia,df.ka o

tA uyd fufyjr wm fjkqfjka bÈßhg bgqjkq we;' fï ish¨ iudc ld¾hhkays

§ kdhl fjkqfjka ysñhka fj; t,a, jQ wNsfhda. o wmuK h' ta iEu úg u

Wka jykafia /l .kq ,enqfõ uyd mjqrla f,iska jg jQ ck;dj úisks' to;a wo;a

fkdìh j ùfrdaodr fikam;shka f,i m%n, iudc fiajdjkays fhfok uyd ix>

r;akh /l .ekSu .sys wmf.a m%n, hq;=luls' Wka jykafia,d wmf.a l=, foúfhda

fj;s'

nUrd u, fkd;,d frdka .kakd fia NslaIQka jykafia iudchg nrla fkdjk

wdldrfhka ie±yej;=kaf.a m%;H myiqlï w;sYhska ldreKsl f,i ,nd .; hq;=

hehs nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y' wfma kdhl udysñfhda Bg lÈu wdo¾Yhls'

wr,sh;ekak .ïudkh iduldó iyÔjkfhka hq;a fid÷re .ï mshila njg m;a

jQfha kdhl udysñhkaf.a nqoaê uysuh ksid h' .syshd múka j<lajd msfkys msysgqjñka

fuf,dj muKla fkdj mrf,dj o iqÅ; uqÈ; lr§u Wfoid ksr;=re j l%shd lrkq

,enQ wfma kdhl udysñhkag" ;uka jykafia l< l=i,dkqNdjfhka o wm úiska isÿ

lrkq ,enq ish¨ msx uysufhka o wuduy ksjka iqj w;afõjdæ


idrdxYh

Y%S ,dxlsl i`. rejfkys iudc kdhl;ajh yd wd.ñl" cd;sl fufyjr w;súYsIag h'

mqoa.,fhl=f.a Wmf;a isg urKh olajd iEu jeo.;a wjia:djl § u u. fmkaùu

yd wdYS¾jdo ,nd fok uyd ix> r;akh /l .ekSu wmf.a hq;=lula nj ±k ye¢k

l%shd l< hq;= h'

l%shdldrlu

01' NslaIQka jykafia,df.a meje;aug .syshd odhl úh hq;= wdldrh fmkajd

foñka rpkhla ,shkak'

02' ix> r;akfhka isÿ jk wd.ñl" idudðl yd cd;sl fiajdjka ;=k ne.ska

fjk fjk u ,shkak'


wm mdif,a m%sh;u isiq yuqqj jkafka fn!oaO YsIH ix.uhhs' tys idudðl;ajh

ork isiq isiqúfhda YslaIdldó fj;s¦ úkh .rel fj;s' Tjqkaf.a wkd.;h yev

.eiaùfuys,d thska isÿ jk fufyh wmuK h' iEu uil u mqkafmdfyda Èkg fmr

Èk fn!oaO ix.uh /iaùu isß;ls' tys § oyï lreKq ms<sn| úfYaI idlÉPdjla o

meje;a fõ' miq .sh i÷od fjila mqkafmdfyda Èkg fmr Èkh úh' tÈk mdif,a

O¾udpd¾h iajdóka jykafia úiska kshñ; O¾u idlÉPdj fufyhjk ,È'

iajdóka jykafia (-¡

fndai;a ÿfõ" mqf;a" fuf;la f,dj my< jQ fYa%IaG;u Ydia;DDka jykafia f,dõ;=rd

wuduEKs nqÿrcdKka jykafiahs' óg jir 2600lg by; isÿy;a fndai;dKka jykafia

fjila mqka fmdfyda Èk nqÿ nj ,enqjd' tÈk nqoaO" Oïu hk r;ak fol f,dj

my< jQ nj Tn okakjd' tA jdf.au wei< mqka fmdfyda Èk ix> r;akh f,dj we;s

jQ nj o Tn okakd lreKla' fn!oaOfhl= ùfï m<uq mshjrhs f;rejk irK hEu'

fn!oaOhd i;= wñ, jQ udKslH f;rejkhs' f;rejk irK hEu foúhl=" n%yauhl=

fyda .e,jqïlrejl=f.ka msysg me;Sug jvd yd;amiska u fjkia jQjla' tys moku

Y%oaOdjhs' f;rejk .=K ±k we;s lr .kakd meye§u Y%oaOdjhs' Y%oaOdj;a m%{dj;a

uq,alr f.k wm f;rejk irK hd hq;= h' f;rejk .=K fufkys lsÍfï myiqj

i|yd" ta wkka; jQ uyd .=K iuqodh leá lr fmkajd § ;sfnk nj Tn fyd¢ka okakjd'

fï idlÉPdj Tng fndfydu jeo.;a fõú' fuhg fyd¢ka ijka fokak' fyd¢ka

iyNd.s jkak' Tng we;s jk .eg¨ úuikak' wyk m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re fokak'

je/ÿKdg lula keye' je/§u ;=<ska ksje/È foa wjfndaO lr .kak bv ,efnkjd'

±ka wms O¾u idlÉPdj mgka .ksuq' nqÿrcdKka jykafia nqoaO r;akh f,i

y÷kajkafka wehs lsh, iqNd ÿjg lshkak mq¿jka o@

iqNd ( nqÿrcdKka jykafia f,dj Wmka fYa%IaG;u

Ydia;DDka jykafia jk ksid' Wka jykafiaf.a

w.h w¾:j;a lsÍug nqoaO r;akh fyj;a

nqÿ rejk f,i y÷kajkq ,nkjd'

iajdóka jykafia ( nqoaO r;akfha .=K isys lrk —b;smsfida˜ mdGfha

.=K lShla fmkajd § ;sfnkjd o@

f;rejk .=K ye¢k .ksuq03


nqoaêl ( .=K rdYs" .=K l÷ kjh hs'

iajdóka jykafia ( ta nqÿ .=K fudkjd o@

;dreld ( wryx" iïud iïnqoafOda" úÊcdprK iïmkafkda"

iq.f;da" f,dalú¥" wkq;a;rmqßioïu idrÒ"

i;a:d foaj ukqiaidkx" nqoafOda" N.jd'

iajdóka jykafia ( nqÿ.=K lshfjk ta moj, f;areu fï orefjda

okakjd o@

isiqka ( tfyuhs" iajdóka jykai'

iajdóka jykafia ( nqÿ.=K Tfí Ôú;hg wdo¾Yhla lr .kak mq¿jka o@

nqoaêl ( mq¿jka' uu leue;s zwryxZ .=Khg'

iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu fyd|hs' wms n,uq zwryxZ .=Kfha

w¾:h'

nqoaêl ( nqÿrcdKka jykafia ish¨ flf,iqkaf.ka

ÿre jQ fyhska o" ryiska j;a mõ fkdl< fyhska o

ish¨ mQcdjka ,eîug iqÿiq jQ fyhska o

—wryx˜ kï jk fial'

iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu fyd|hs ÿfõ" mqf;a" flf,ia lshkafka

isf;a ls,sá .;s" ÿ¾j,;d' mD:.ack ish¨ fokd ;=< u

ÿ¾j,;d ;sfnkjd' fudkjd o fï flf,ia - ÿ¾j,;d@

fiamd,sld ( f,daN" oafõY" fuday iy tajd uq,a lr.;a múgq is;sú,s'

nqoaêl ( bjiSu fkdue;slu'

iqkS;d ( B¾IHdj" ffjrh" fl%daOh yd m<s.ekSu jf.a foaj,a'

iajdóka jykafia ( ms<s;=re ksje/È hs¦ Th ish¨ u ÿ¾j,;d wm ;=<

mj;skjd' ;j;a úÈhlg lshkjdkï tAjd wmg je<f|k

frda.' wm ;=< we;s fï frda. md,kh lr .; yels kï"

mõ lrkakg wm fm<fUkafka keye' wjxl j u flf,ia

md,kh lr .kak ´kE' wm lrk lshk ish,a, msßisÿ


Èh n÷kla jf.a úksúo fmfkkakg ´kE' mõ fkdlrk

wh iudcfha f.!rjhg md;% fjkjd' ryiska j;a mõ

fkdlrkjd hkq wjxl ùuhs' tjeks wh .ek iudcfha

úYajdih f.dvkef.kjd' tn÷ W;=uka f.!rjhg md;%

fjkjd' mQcdjg iqÿiq fjkjd' ie,ls,s" i;aldr" iïudk

,nd.kak wms leue;shs' tfy;a fïjdg iqÿiq flkd ljqo

hkak fyd¢ka is;d ne,sh hq;a;la' Tn ye¢kajQ flf,ia

l%ufhka wvq lr f.k lghq;= l< yels kï zzwryx˜

.=Kh Tfí pß;hg tl;= lr .; yelshs' Th orefjda

okakjfka nqÿ.=Kd,xldrh lshk fmd; .ek' wryx nqÿ

.=Kh nqÿ.=Kd,xldrfha § lúfhka lsh, ;sfhkafka

fufyuhs'

ryi;a mõ fkdfldg

flf,irhkq;a ÿre fldg

ksis jQfhka mqog

wry hk ku lsh;s uqks÷g

nqoaêl (- nqÿ.=K kjh u wmg wdo¾Yhg .kak mq¿jka fka o

wfma yduqÿrejfka@

iajdóka jykafia (- Tõ' nqÿ.=K kjhla fkdfjhs" .=K rdYs kjhla' nqoaO

r;akfha .=K wkka;hs' nqÿ.=K pß;dhkh lsÍfuka

isiqka jk Tng;a" .=rejreka jk wmg;a wm ;=< we;s

fjk ÿ¾j,;d md,kh lr .; yels hs' Tn ys;kj o

tfyu lrkak mq¿jka lsh,@

lreKd (- tfyuhs wfma yduqÿrejfka" O¾u r;akfha .=K;a wmg

wdo¾Yhg .kak mq¿jka fka o @

iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu fyd| m%Yakhla' lreKdf.a Wkkaÿj;a w.h

lrkak ´kE' O¾u r;akfha .=K lshfjk mdGh;a

okakj o Th orefjd'

;drl ( tfyuhs iajdóka jykai' iajdlaLdf;da N.j;d Oïfuda"

ikaÈÜÀflda" wld,sflda" tAys miaisflda" ´mkhsflda"

mÉp;a;x fõÈ;ífnda ú[aüyS;s'

iajdóka jykafia ( ta mdGhg wkqj oyï.=K lSho @


fiamd,sld ( yhhs iajdóks" ug ta .=K yfha u f;areu lshkak

mq¿jka'

iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu fyd|hs' f;areu ±k .;a;g uÈ' tu .=K

weiqßka Tn ;=< .=K oyï j¾Okhla we;s lr

.kakg;a ´kE' m<uq j wms ikaÈÜÀflda .=Kh úuid

n,uq'

fiamd,sld (- ;ud úiska u ms<smeo weia mkdmsg fuf,dj § u

m%;sM, ±l .; yels neúka O¾uh ikaÈÜÀlhs'

iajdóka jykafia ( tu .=Kh weiqßka Tn ;=< .=K oyï j¾Okh lr

.kafka fldfydu o@

;drl (- jeäysá wjjdo wkqYdikd ms<sme§fuka'

nqoaêl ( fyd¢ka mdvï lr úNd.hg ksje/È ms<s;=re ,sùfuka'

Oïñl (- ksje/È isß;a ms<sme§fuka'

nqoaêl ( idrO¾u wkqj yev .eiSfuka'

iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu fyd|hs orejfka' Tn fyd| nqoaêu;a msßila'

ks;sm;d oyï mdi,a hdfuka oyï.=K Ôú;hg tla

lr .kak mq¿jka' nqÿrcdKka jykafia fmkajd

ÿkafka wdñihg jvd m%;sm;a;sh W;=ï njhs' Tfí

ms<s;=re ish,a, u ms<smeÈh hq;= lreKq' ys;g tlÕ j

tA wkqj lghq;= lsÍfuka hym;a m%;sM, ,nd .;

yels hs' Tn hymf;ys yeisfrkjd kï" Tng hym;a

m%;sM, w;a olskak mq`Mjka' i÷ka .i lmkak lmkak

iqj|hs' tA jf.a ksje/È foa ms<s.ekSfuka ;udg u

fyd| m%;sM, fuf,dj § u ,nd .kak mq¿jka' óg

jir 2600lg fmr nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l<

O¾uh kQ;k úoHd {dkh;a wNsnjd f.dia ;sfnkjd'

úuiqï kqjKska hq;= j O¾uh yodrk úg wmg u th

jgyd .kak mq`Mjka'

lreKd ( nqÿ.=K jf.a u O¾u r;akfha .=K;a wkka;hs

fka o iajdóka jykai@


iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu yß' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska u ;u .=re

;k;=frys zO¾u r;akhZ ;nd .ekSfuka tys ;sfnk

iqúfYaI;ajh meyeÈ,s fjkjd' oyï.=K isysm;a

lrñka tu .=K weiqßka Tfí .=K keK ÈhqKq lr

.kak W;aidy lrkak' túg Tn idrO¾u rlsk

orefjl= fõú'

;drl ( nqoaO r;akh" O¾u r;akh jf.a u ix> r;akh;a wmg

fndfydu jákj fka o iajdóka jykai@

iajdóka jykafia ( ;drlg tfyu ysf;kafka wehs@

;drl ( ixidr.; ÿlska tf;r ùu Wfoid nqÿrcdKka

jykafia úiska fmkajd fokq ,enQ fYa%IaG m%;sm;a;s

ud¾.fhys .uka lrk wd¾h Y%djl jykafia,d ;uhs

uyd ix> r;akh'

fiamd,s ( Y%S ioaO¾uh wdrlaId fldg mj;ajd f.k tafuka uyd

ix> r;akh úYd, j.lSula bgqlr ;sfnkjd' ±kg;a

tA j.lSu bgq lrkjd'

iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydau fyd|hs' tfyu kï wms B<.g uyd ix>

r;akfha .=K úuid n,uq' iqmámkafkda mdGh ta i|yd

Wojq lr .ksuq' thg wkqj .=K lShla ;sfnkjd o@

nqoaêl ( iÕ.=K kjhhs wfma yduqÿrejfka' iqmámkafkda"

Wcqmámkafkda" [dhmámkafkda" idóÑmámkafkda"

wdyqfkhsfhda" mdyqfkhsfhda" olaÅfKhsfhda"

wxc,slrKSfhda" wkq;a;rxmq[a[lafL;a;x f,daliai


iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydau fyd|hs" fiamd,s lshkak n,kak

ziqmámkafkdaZ .=Kh lshkafka l=ula o lsh,d'

fiamd,s ( uyd ix> r;akh ukd jQ ms<sfj;a mqrk ksid

ziqmámkakZ kñka y÷kajkjd'

Oïñl ( ms<sfj;a lshkafka m%;sm;a;sfk' ukd jQ ms<sfj;a

lshkafka wfma yduqÿrejfka@

iajdóka jykafia ( orejfka uyd ix>r;akh rlsk m%;sm;a;s ish¨ foõ

ñksiqka rlsk m%;sm;a;sj,g jvd Wiia' i`.rejk

idufkar ld,fha § idufkar iS,h rlskjd¦ Wmiïmod

jqKdg miafia Wmiïmod iS,h rlskjd¦ fndfyda úkh

YslaIdjka rlskjd¦ NslaIQka jykafia,df.a ffoksl

ld¾hhka isÿ fjkafka úkh YslaIdjkag wkql+, j'

ukd jQ ms<sfj;a lshkafka fukak fï m%;sm;a;s ud,dj'

ksjka mila lsÍug wjYH jk ukd jQ ms<sfj;a rlsk

neúka i`. rejk iqmámkak kï fjkjd' fuh ix>

r;akhg iqúfYaIS jQ .=Khla'

lreKd ( tajd .sys wmg iïnkaO jkafka fldfydu o

iajdóka jykai@

iajdóka jykafia ( mdi,a isiqka jk Tng /lsh yels m%;sm;a;s rdYshla

;sfnkjd' m%Odk jYfhka .syshdg wh;a ks;H iS,h

jk m[ap iS,h wdrlaId lsÍfuka ksjfia i;=g

iu.sh /flkjd jf.a u Ôú; wdrlaIdj" foam<

wdrlaIdj" mjq,a Ôú;fha YsIag;ajh" úYajdih" ukd

isys nqoaêh yd fi!LH wdrlaIdj we;s jk nj Tn

okakjd' tmuKla o fkdfõ" wdÔj wIagul iS,h"

.Dyia: oiiS,h wdÈh;a .sysfhl=g /lsh yels

m%;sm;a;s' mdi,a orejka jQ Tn l=ur nUir" l=uß

nUir /lSu o b;d u fyd| m%;sm;a;shla' ujqmshkag"

.=rejrekag tA jf.a u jeäysáhkag lSlre ùu;a fyd|

ms<sfj;la'

iqNd ( iqmámkak jQ ix> r;akh /l .ekSfï j.lSu

;sfnkafka .sys odhlhskag fka o iajdóka jykai@


iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydau yß' YS% ioaO¾uh wdrlaId fldg mj;ajd f.k

hdfuka uy i`.rejk úiska úYd, j.lSula bgqlrkq

,nkjd' .sys mskaj;=ka Wka jykafia,d flfrys ffu;S%

iy.; j ls%hd l< hq;= hs' ix> r;akh f.!rjkSh j"

ióm j weiqre lrñka i`..=K weiqßka Ôú;do¾Y

,nd .kakjd jf.a u Ydiksl jpk o Ndú; lrñka

Wka jykafia,d weiqre l< hq;=hs'

lreKd ( f;rejfkys iQúis .=K u wmg pß;dhkh l<

yelshs fka o iajdóka jykai@

nqoaêl ( iQúis .=K wdo¾Yhg f.k ls%hd l< fyd;a ieneúka u

wmg fndai;a orejka úh yelshs'

iajdóka jykafia ( Tõ" mskaj;a orejfka" wjfndaOfhka hq;= j ffoksl j

f;rejk jkaokfhys fh§fuka Tfí Y%oaOdj ;j

;j;a j¾Okh fjkjd' Ôú;h;a id¾:l fjkjd'

nqoaêlf.a woyfia yeáhg fndai;a orejka ùfï

Nd.Hh túg Tng ,efíú' f;rejk .=K i|yka mdG

iÊ®dhkd lsÍu hd{d lsÍula fkdfõ' th Y%oaOdfjka

l< hq;a;la' thska irKla ,efnkafka" tu mdG u.ska

fmkajd fok w¾: f;areï f.k" wkq.ukh lsÍfuka

nj fyd|g isys ;nd .kak'

Oïñl ( biair ñksiaiq iajNdúl jia;= irK .sfha wkjfndaOh

ksid fka o iajdóka jykai@

iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu yß' tajd irK hdfuka mqoa.,hdg ixidr.;

ÿlska ñÈh fkdyelshs' tneúka tu irK hdu W;=ï

irK hdula fkdjk nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd

l<d' wd¾h i;Hh wjfndaO lr f.k iïmQ¾Kfhka u

ÿlska tf;r ùfï uxfm;a újr jkqfha f;rejk

irK hEfuka muKhs' tneúka f;rejk irK hEu

W;=ï irK hEula nj Oïumo .d:djlskq;a fmkajd §

;sfnkjd' wo wfma fn!oaO ix.ufha fndai;a ore±ßhka

jákd O¾u idlÉPdjl fhÿKd' f;rejfkys iQúis

.=K y÷kd .;a;d' idlÉPdjg fyd¢ka iyNd.s jqKd'

W;=ï fjila mqkafmdfyda Èkh fyg Wod fjkjd'


nqÿrcdKka jykafia wmg fmkajd ÿkafka wdñihg

jvd m%;sm;a;sh W;=ï njhs' m%;sm;a;s.rel iudchla

f.dvke.Sfï Ndr ¥r j.lSu Tn i;=hs' f;rejfkys

.=K iqj| isf;ys ord f.k fyg oji mqrdjg u

m%;sm;a;s mQcdfjys fhfokak' ñhhk ;=rdjg f;rejk

.=K wkqj yev .efikak' Y%oaOdfjka hq;= j tfia

ls%hd lsÍfuka Tng r;ak;%fha msysg ,efnkjd'

fï iEu fohlska u wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka

is;a i;ka msßisÿ lr .ekSu;a" msx /ia lr .ekSu;a"

wjidkfha § ksjka iqjh ,nd .ekSu;a nj bf.k

.kak' ta wkqj Tfí .=re fo.=re mskaj;a ieug;a"

fndai;a orejkag;a fjila mqka fmdfyda Èkfha Tn isÿ

lrk l=i,dkqNdjfhka fuf,dj mrf,dj fi;la u

fõjdæ ;uka m%d¾:kd lrk fndaêhlska ksjka iem

,nd .ekSug Nd.Hh Wod fõjdæ hs m%d¾:kd lruq'

idrdxYh

fuu mdvï tAllfhka f;rejfkys iQúis .=K iudf,dapkh fldg we;' fn!oaOhl=

ùfï m<uq mshjr jk f;rejk irK hdu wjfndaOfhka l< hq;= h' f;rejfkys

.=K Ôú;do¾Y njg m;a lr .ksñka mdi,a isiqka jk Tn Ôú;h ksje/È j

f.dvk.d .; hq;= h'

l%shdldrlu

O¾u r;akfha .=K weiqfrka my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

.=Kh w¾:h wdo¾Yh


mejreu

ffoksl j;dj;ays fhfok úg f;rejka .=K mdG ksje/È j iÊ®dhkd lrkak'

mqyqKqjg

fmrhu nqoaOx irfKa .[a[hs

ueÈhu Oïux irfKa .[a[hs

w¨hu ix>x irfKa .[a[hs

;=kahug u ;=ka irfKa .[a[hs

nqoaOx irfKa isri ordf.k

Oïux irfKa is; myodf.k

ix>x irfKa isjqre ordf.k

b[a[hs ;=ka irfKa woydf.k

^;=kairKh&


wmf.a is; f,daN" oafõY" fuday wdÈ is;sú,sj,ska wmsßisÿ fjhs' jfrl ixjr fjhs'

jfrl wixjr fjhs' tfia jkafka isf;ys yg .kakd is;sú,s wkqj h' wmsßisÿ

is;sú,s ksid jpkh yd l%shdj whym;a jk w;r msßisÿ is;sú,s ksid jpkh yd

l%shdj hym;a fjhs' hym;g fh¥ is; wmf.a ujqmshka lrk hym;g jvd hym;la

isÿ lrk nj;a fkdu.g .sh is; i;=frl=g;a jvd whym;la isÿ lrk nj;a

nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd lf<a tneúks' is; ls,sá lrk" l=i,a is;aj,g ndOd

lrk is;sú,s" kSjrK kñka ye¢kafõ' kSjrK myls' tajd isf;ys yg .ekSfuka

we;s jk iajNdjh my; ±lafjk l;d mqj;ska oek.; yelsh'

Èkla nqÿrcdKka jykafia fj; meñKs tla;rd n%dyauKfhlaa “iajdóks uu fndfyda

foa mdvï lr we;af;ñ' tfy;a ±ka tajd u;lhg k.d .; fkd yels h' thg fya;=j

l=ula ±hs’’ úuiS h' túg nqÿrcdKka jykafia hula u;lfhys r|jd .ekSug;a

kej; isyshg k.d .ekSug;a wmyiq jk wjia:d lsysmhla we;s nj Wmud u`.ska

fufia meyeÈ,s l<y'

c,hg hï lsis j¾Khla tl;= l< úg ta ;=< lsisjla fkdfmfka' tfia u isf;ys

ldu jia;= flfrys wdYdj nyq, j mj;S kï hym;a is;sú,s fyda W.;a foh u;lhg

fkdkef.a' ta lduÉPkaoh isf;ys l%shd;aul jk wjia:djhs'

c,h r;a ù W;=rk úg nqnq¿ kef.k c,fhys hula oelsh fkdyels h' tfia u

isf;ys ;ryj we;s úg o hula u;lhg k.d .; fkdyels h' jHdmdoh is; ;=<

l%shd;aul jk wjia:djhs ta'

c,fhys mdis we;akï tA ;=< lsisjla fkdfmfka' tfuka u isf;ys lfhys ksÈu;

.;sh" WodiSklu mj;S kï mdvï l< foh u;lhg fkdths' tA ksÈnr nj" WodiSk

lu ye¢kafjkafka ÒkñoaO lshd hs'

c,h le<ö we;akï" tys lsisjla fkdfmfka' tfuka u is; le<UqKq úg" fkdikaiqka

jQ úg u;lh wjÈ fkdfõ' WoaOÉp l=lal=Ép kñka ye¢kafjkafka ta fkdikaiqkalu

iy l< fkdl< foa ms<sn| we;sjk miq;eú,a,hs'

fndr c,fhys lsisjla meyeÈ,s j fkdfmfka' bka wm ;=< WmÈkafka ielhhs'

tfia u úúO lreKq ms<sn| isf;ys ielh fyj;a úÑlsÉPdj we;s úg u;lh wjÈ

l=i,a is;a jeä ÈhqKq lruq04


fkdfõ' úÑlsÉPdj kï w;S; meje;au" wkd.; meje;au" w;S; yd wkd.; meje;au

wdÈh ms<sn| isf;a we;s ielhhs' jefkkiq¨ .;sh fyj;a w;SrKd;aul nj ñka

woyia flf¾' ielh we;s ;dla ksje/È wjfndaOhla fkd,efí'

fï is;sú,s my ksjk wdjrKh lrk" ksjka u. wjqrd ±óug fya;= jk neúka

kSjrK f,i ye¢kafjhs' fïjd hgm;a jk m%udKhg is; ixjr jk w;r" is;

ixjr jk m%udKhg kSjrK hgm;a fõ'

isf;ys iajNdjh yd is; ls,sá lrk is;=ú,s y÷kd .;a ;eke;a;d is; hymf;ys

fhdojhs' is;g mõ is;sú,s we;=¿ ùug bv fkdfohs' l=i,a is;sú,s j¾Okh lrhs' tA

i|yd mqreÿ l< hq;af;a Ndjkdjhs' nqÿ oyfuys b.ekafjk Ndjkdfjys mrud¾:h

jkafka hym;a wruqKl fyj;a l=i,a wruqKl is; tl`. lr .ekSuhs'

Ndjkdj iu: yd úo¾Ykd jYfhka fojoEreï h' iu:h hk jpkfhys f;areu is;

ikaiqka lsÍu" úisÍ we;s is; tla;eka lsÍu hkqhs'

zzNdfõ;s l=i, Oïfï wdfiaj;s jâfâ;s ta;dh;d;s NdjkdZZ

l=i,a oï jeä ÈhqKq lrk udkisl wNHdih Ndjkdjhs'

zzÑ;a;x ifï;S;s iuf:daZZ

is; ikaiqka lrkafka iu:hhs'

fuu iu: Ndjkdj is; ÈhqKq flfrk ksid Ñ;a; Ndjkdj hkqfjka o is; iudê.;

flfrk ksid iudê Ndjkdj hkqfjka o ye¢kafjhs' ta i|yd uq,ska u wm is,aj;a

úh hq;= h' YS,h is; ÈhqKq lsÍfï mokuhs' YS,h hkq wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha

iïud jdpd" iïud lïuka; yd iïud wdÔj wkqj yslaóuhs' YS,fhka hq;= j iudê

Ndjkdj i|yd fhduq ùfï § my; i|yka .=Kdx. o ta mqoa.,hd ;=< ;sìh hq;= h'

bkaøsh ixjrh ^wei" lk" kdih" Èj" YÍrh" uki hk bkaøsh

ixjr lsÍu&

i;s iïmc[a[ ^ys£u" isàu" weú§u wd§ ish¨ ls%hdjkays §

wjfndaOfhka hq;=ùu&

ika;=ÜÀ;d ^,o fohska i;=gq ùu&

iu: Ndjkdj jvk mqoa.,hd wdpd¾hjrfhl=f.ka Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu o wjYH fõ'

tys § ;udf.a pß;hg wkqj l¾uia:dkhla f;dard .; hq;= h' ta i|yd f;dard

.; yels wruqKq fyj;a l¾uia:dk y;<syls' ta iu i;<sia l¾uia:dk mqoa.,

pß; iajNdjh wkqj f;dard .; yels h' mqoa., pß; yhls' rd. pß;" fodai pß;"

fuday pß;" ioaOd pß;" nqoaê pß;" ú;lal pß; hkqfjks'


hï lsisfjl= l=uk pß;hlg wh;a ±hs ±k .kafka lreKq lSmhla i,ld ne,Sfuks'

is;k m;k wdldrh" reÑ wreÑlï" wej;=ï mej;=ï wdÈh wkqj úuid ne,Sfuka

flfkl= wh;a jk pß;h ;SrKh l< yels h' ta pß;h wkqj lugykla f;dard

.ekSug l¾uia:dk wdpd¾hjrfhl=f.a Wojq ,nd .; hq;= h' tjeks u. fmkaùula

fkd,nd ;udf.a wNsu;h mßÈ idruila uq`M,af,a Ndjkd fldg m%;sM, fkd,enQ"

ießhq;a ysñhkaf.a f.da, kula jQ" iaj¾Kldr kï ysñ kula wjidkfha nqÿrcdKka

jykafia <`.g meñKùfuka pß;hg iqÿiq lugykla ,nd fkdmud j ry;a M,hg

m;a jQ l:d mqj;la we;'

Ndjkdjg msúfik ;eke;a;d my; ±lafjk mQ¾j wjYH;d bgqlr .; hq;= nj o

nqÿ oyfuys olajd we;'

l,HdK ñ;% wdY%h - l=i,hg u. fmkajk" hym;g fhduq lrk ñ;=rka

weiqr

is,aj;a ùu - lh jpkh foflys ixjr nj

O¾u Y%jKh - ks;r ks;r O¾uh weiSu

ù¾hh - W;aidyfhka" lemùfuka l%shd lsÍu

m%{dj - úksúo olsk kqjK

hkqfjks'

ilauka bßhõj" isá bßhõj" jdä ù ys£u" je;sÍ isàu hk i;r bßhõfjka u

Ndjkd l< yels fõ' iu: Ndjkdj nqÿrcdKka jykafia f,dj my< ùug fmr

mgka Ndr;Sh fhda.Ska w;r Ndú; jQjls' ld,foaj, fyj;a wis; ;jqid Wiia OHdk

,dNsfhls' isÿy;a fndai;dfKda lsx l=i,.fõiS j isá ld,fha § yuq jqKq wd,dr

ld,du ;jqid ima; iudm;a;s ,dNsfhl= jQ w;r Woaolrdu ;jqid wIag iudm;a;s

,dNsfhl= úh' iu: Ndjkdj jeãfuka m[apdNs{d wIag iudm;a;s ,nd .; yels h'

tfia u ffoksl Ôú;hg o iu: Ndjkdfjka ,eìh yels m%fhdack /ils'

) f,daN" oafõY" fuday wdÈ flf,ia is;=ú,s md,kh fõ

) OdrK Yla;sh jeä fõ

) fmd; m; mdvï lsÍfï§ fjkodg jvd myiqjla ±fka

) isf;ys ;Dma;su;a iajNdjhla we;s fõ

) wiykh ke;s ù m%ikak fmkqula we;s fõ

) ldhsl frda. mSvd wvq ùfuka kSfrda.S fõ

) is; úisÍ hdug fkd§ tl`. lr .ekSug WmldÍ fõ

j¾;udk f,dalfha il, úO wmpdrhkag fya;= ù we;af;a ñksiqkaf.a úiqreKq

is;a h' ixlS¾K jQ;a" ld¾hnyq, jQ;a" fõ.fhka fjkia jkakd jQ;a f,dalfha hka;%

iq;% fuka l%shd lrk ñksidg h:d¾:h f;areï .ekSug ;sfnk wjia:d wvq h' fï

ksid uki úmÍ; fõ' úmÍ; uki udkisl wiykh Wmojhs' ñksid fkdu.g


fhduq lrkafka úmÍ; ukihs' ta uki ikaiqka lr .ekSug Ndjkdj Wmldr

fjhs' ±ka wms fujeks wkqiia we;s iu: Ndjkdjg wod< nqoaOdkqiai;sh fyj;a

nqÿ.=K Ndjkdj jeãug ierfiuq' wo wm Ndjkd lrkafka —iq.;˜ nqÿ.=Kh wruqKq

lrf.khs'

msúiSu

nqoaO m%;sudj bÈßmsg Ndjkd bßhõfjka jdäfjkak'

oE;a k<f,ys ;nd kuialdr mdGh lshd" f;rejk irK f.dia mkais,a

iudoka jkak'

jï w;a, u; ol=Kq w;a, isák fia oE;a ;nd .kak'

fyd¢ka yqiau by<g f.k th l%ufhka my<g fy,d lh ieye,a¨ lr

.kak'

m<uq mshjr

nqoaO m%;sudj foi fyd¢ka n,kak'

“iq.;’’ nqÿ.=Kh fufkys lrkak'

l%ufhka oEia mshdf.k nqoaO m%;sudj is;ska oelSug W;aidy .kak'

isf;ys we÷Kq nqÿrej foi n,d isáñka iq.; nqÿ.=K w¾:h ikaiqka j

kej; kej; isys lrkak'


fojk mshjr

isf;ys we÷Kq nqÿrej foi n,d isáñka my; i|yka mßÈ iq.; nqÿ.=Kh

kej; kej; isys lrkak'

^w& udf.a nqÿrcdKka jykafia wd¾h ud¾.fhys .uka l< fyhska

iq.; kï jk fial

iq.; kï jk fial

iq.; kï jk fial

^wd& udf.a nqÿrcdKka jykafia iqkaor jQ ks¾jdKhg iem;a jQ fyhska

iq.; kï jk fial

iq.; kï jk fial

iq.; kï jk fial

^we& udf.a nqÿrcdKka jykafia fof,djg u jev we;s hym;a jpk

mjik fyhska

iq.; kï jk fial

iq.; kï jk fial

iq.; kï jk fial

^wE& udf.a nqÿrcdKka jykafia wd¾h ud¾.h wkq.ukh l< fyhska o

ks¾jdKhg iem;a jQ fyhska o hym;a jpk we;s fyhska o

iq.; kï jk fial

iq.; kï jk fial

iq.; kï jk fial

wjidkfha"

nqÿ.=K udf.a is; ;=< /f|ajd

udf.a is; ikaiqka fõjd

.=K kqjK ÈhqKq fõjd

wdÈ jYfhka wêIaGdk lr .kak' foúhkag mska § Ndjkdj wjika lrkak'

iEu Èkl u WoEik wjÈ ùfuka miq fyda rd;%s kskaog hEug fmr fyda ál

fõ,djla nqÿ.=K Ndjkdj lsÍug mqreÿ jkak' fuys§ nqÿ.=K kjh ms<sn| w¾:h

mshjfrka mshjr bÈßhg fufkys lr Ndjkd l< hq;= h' tfia Ndjkdj Ôú;hg

mqreÿ lr .ekSfuka udkisl iqjh w;aú¢ñka wms Ôú;h id¾:l lr .ksuq'


idrdxYh

Ndjkdj hkq jeãuhs¦ l=i,a is;a jeãuhs' iu: yd úo¾Ykd jYfhka Ndjkdj

fojoEreï fõ' iu: Ndjkdj" Ñ;a; Ndjkdj yd iudê Ndjkdj f,i o ye¢kafjhs'

iu: Ndjkdj flf,ia hgm;a lr is; ikaiqka lrhs' mqoa.,fhda pß; j¾. yhlg

wh;a fj;s' wod< pß;h f;areï f.k Bg wod< j l¾uia:dk f;dard.; hq;af;a

l¾uia:dk wdpd¾hjrhl=f.a u. fmkaùfuks' l¾uia:dk 40 ls' iS,fhys msysgd

mQ¾j lD;H isÿ lsÍfuka Ndjkdj jeãu wdrïN l< yels h' fuu Ndjkdfjka

m[apdys{d wIag iudm;a;s Wmojd .; yels w;r fuf,dj Ôú;h o id¾:l lr

.; yels h'

l%shdldrlu

1' Ndjkd hk jpkfhys w¾: olajkak'

2' iu: Ndjkdj u.ska hgm;a flfrk kSjrK O¾u kï lr Bg nqÿrcdKka

jykafia ±lajQ Wmud bÈßfhka ,shkak'

3' mqoa.,hka wh;a jk pß; j¾. yh i|yka lrkak'

mejreu

iEu Èkl u iji iS,fhys msysgd foudmshka iu. u,amyka mQcd fldg f;rejk

keuo iqÿiq Ndjkdjl ksr; jkak' Èkm;d ;ud ,nk w;a±lSï fmd;l igyka

lr úIh Ndr .=re;=ñhg fmkajkak'


tla lf,l wm nqÿrcdKka jykafia oUÈj ieje;a kqjr iómfha fÊ;jk kï jQ

wfkams`vq isgq;=udf.a wdrdufhys jev jik fial' tl,ays ukd meyem;a jQ fmkqula

we;s tla;rd foúfhla uOHu rd;%sfhys uq¿ uy;a fÊ;jkhu nnq¿jd Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia fj; t<ôfha h' t<U Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia je| tl;amfil isá ta

foúf;fï Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.ka m%Yakhla úuiqfõ h'

zzf.!;uhka jykai" we;=<; wjq,a h¦ msg; o wjq,a h' i;a;aj m%cdj wjqf,ka fj,S

isáhs' ljfrla kï fï wjq,a ksrjq,a lrkafka o@ZZ

túg nqÿrcdKka jykafia fufia jod<y'

—YS, ixjrfhys msysgd iudêh yd m%{dj o jvk" nqoaêu;a jQ" olaI jQ" flf,ia kik

ù¾hh we;s" úo¾Ykd m%{dfjka hqla; jQ ;eke;a;d fï wjq,a ish,a, ksrjq,a lr

.kafka h'˜

nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska tod tu foú÷yg jod< by; i|yka woyi we;s .d:dfjka

lshefjk ish¨ wjq,a ksrjq,a lr .ekSu kï iir bm§u ^cd;s& uy¨ j Èrdm;a ùu

^crd& frda. mSvdjkag ,laùu ^jHdê& Ôú;h wjika ùu ûrKh& wdÈ jYfhka

±lafjk iir ÿlska tf;r ùu h' ksjka mila lr,Su h' th fn!oaOhka jk wmf.a

wjidk wruqKhs' tA i|yd m<uq j wm is,aj;a úh hq;= h' ndysr jQ ldhsl jdpisl

ixjrh we;s lr .; hq;= h' fojkq j ta u; msysgd iudêh jeäh hq;= h' tkï

wm is;a i;ka ;=< we;s rd. oafõY fuday wdÈ flf,ia hgm;a l< hq;= h' ta i|yd

WmldÍ jkafka iu: Ndjkdjhs' tuÕska is; msßisÿ fjhs¦ iudê.; fjhs' tfy;a

th ;djld,sl h' hgm;a lrk ,o flf,ia kej; biau;= ùfuka isf;ys msßisÿ

nj o tl`. nj o ke;s ù hhs¦ iu:h" iudêh ì| jefghs' iu: Ndjkdfjka isÿ

jkafka flf,ia hgm;a lsÍu ñi uq,skqmqgd ±óu fkdjk neúks' tneúka iS,fhys

msysgd iudêh jvkakd fia u iudêfhys msysgd m%{dj jeäh hq;= h' tkï iu:

Ndjkd u.ska we;s lr .kakd wdOHd;añl ÈhKqj u; msysgd iir ÿlg uq,a jk

rd.d§ flf,ia uq,a Wÿrd ouk kqjK ,nd .; hq;= h' th úmiaikd [dKh kï

fõ' ta i|yd úmiaikd Ndjkdj jeäh hq;= fjhs' th wmg ixidr.; ÿlska ñ§ ksjka

±lSug WmldÍ jkafka h'

úmiaikd fyj;a úo¾Ykd hkafkka woyia jkafka h:d¾:h ukd kqjKska úfYaIfhka

±lSuhs' tkï we;a; we;s ieáfhka ±lSuhs' úfiafiak miai;S;s úmiaikd úfYaI

jYfhka n,hs" olshs hk f;areñka úmiaikd hhs lshkq ,efí'

úoiqka jvkafkda we;s ;;=

olskafkda

05


is;a i;kays flf,ia u, nyq,j ;sìh § Wmojk idudkH kqjK we;a; we;s

ieáfhka ±laug wiu;a h' l¿mdg Wmeia hqj<lska f,dalh olskakl= ish,a, l¿

meyefhka u olskakdla fuka flf,ia iys; is;a i;ka ;=<ska wms úlD;shla olsuq'

úmÍ; jQ f,dalhla u wmg fmfka' tneúka we;a; we;s ieáfhka ±lSug kï is;a

i;ka ;=< uq,anei we;s rd.d§ flf,ia kej; kQmÈkd mßÈ Wÿrd ±ñh hq;= h' ta

i|yd jk W;=ï jQ kqjK úoiqka kqjKhs' úlD;shlska úmÍ;hlska f;dr j m%lD;sh

m%lD;shla f,i u ±k ±l mila lrk tlS úoiqka kqjK ,eîug WmldÍ jk

Ndjkdj úmiaikd Ndjkdjhs'

we;a; we;s ieáfhka olsk kqjK nqÿ oyfuys y÷kajd we;af;a m[a[d hkqfjks'

m%{dj hkq fmd; m;ska .=rejrekaf.ka wm ,nd .kakd f,dalh yd Ôú;h ms<sn|

±kqu fkdfõ' fkdfhla whqßka fya;= idOl olajd lreKq bÈßm;a lrñka ;¾l

ú;¾l fldg t<fUk ks.ukh o fkdfõ' m%{dj hkq ish¨ flf,ia uq`Mukska u

ke;s fldg ,nk fkdìf|k Ñ;a; mdßY=oaêh ;=<ska u we;s ;;= we;s ieáfhka ±lSuhs'

th idudkH ±laula fkdj úfYaI jQ ±lauls' th úmiaikdjhs' fufia úmiaikdj u

m%{dj jk neúka úmiaikd Ndjkdj u m%{d Ndjkdj f,i o ye¢kaúh yels h'

iu: Ndjkdj u.ska jjd jvd .kakd ,o l=i,a is;la iys; iaÓr jQ iudêfhka

hqla; ;eke;a;d wk;=rej m%{dj jeäh hq;= h' m%{dj hkq l=i, is; yd tla jQ


úo¾Ykd {dkhhs" úfYaIfhka ,nd .;a ±lauhs" m%;HlaIhhs" úfYaI wjfndaOhhs"

h:d¾:djfndaOhhs' tu wjfndaOh we;s lr .; yelafla úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj jeãfuks'

úo¾Ykd Ndjkdfjka Wmojd .kakd h:d¾:djfndaOhg u fyj;a m%{djg u mrud¾:

i;HdjfndaOh hhs o lshkq ,efí' f,dalh yd Ôú;h ms<sn| wmg we;s lr .; yels

wjfndaOh fohdldr h' tkï iïuq;s i;HdjfndaOh yd mrud¾: i;HdjfndaOh

hkqfjks' iïuq;s i;Hh h:d¾:h fkdfõ' mru i;Hh fkdfõ' wms fndfyda

úg thska fkdu. hkafkuq' uq,djg m;a jkafkuq' iïuq;sh hkq idudkH f,dal

jHjydrhhs' ñksiqka w;r we;s tlÕ;djhs' ksoiqka jYfhka zr:hZ hk fhÿu .ksuq'

we;a; jYfhka u r:h lshd fohla ;sfí o@ r:h hkafkka wm woyia lrk jia;=j

iE§ we;af;a úúO wxf.damdx. tla ùfuks' mshjßka mshjr tu wxf.damdx. fjka lr

neÆ úg r:h hehs lsisjla ke;' txðu" iqlaldku" .shr" lKaKdä" ùÿre" gh¾ iy

áhqí jYfhka tajd fldgia l< yels h' tu fldgia o kej;;a ùÿre" f,day" rn¾

wdÈ jYfhka wkqfldgiaj,g fnÈh yels h' ;j ÿrg;a tu wxf.damdx. ;o ^mGú&

.;sh" øj ^wdfmda& .;sh" W!IaK" YS;, ^f;afcda& .;sh" fi,fjk ^jdfhda& .;sh wdÈ

jYfhka o fnod ±laúh yels h' fufia wjidk jYfhka ;j ÿrg;a fnod ±laúh

fkdyels ;;a;ajh wjfndaO lsÍu úmiaikdjhs" mrud¾: i;HdjfndaOhhs" m%{dj

,nd .ekSuhs' ta i|yd jk Ndjkdj úmiaikd Ndjkdjhs'

by; i|yka l< r:h hk fhÿu fuka u i;a;ajhd hk fhÿu o iïuq;shls'

f,dalhdf.a jHjydrhls' NdIdfõ tk kdu mofhls' r:h hkq úúOdldr jQ

wxf.damdx. iuQyhla muKla jkakdfia u f,dalh hkq o i;a;ajhd hkq o ialkaO

iuQyhla muKs' ialkaO hkq f.dvj,a h' iuQyh" rdYsh hk f;areï o ialkaO

hkakg ±laúh yels h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska meyeÈ,s lr we;s mßÈ ialkaO

myls'

1' rEm ialkaOh - ̂ YÍrh" lh" fN!;sl ieleiau& mGú" wdfmda" f;afcda" jdfhda

hk i;r uyd N+; - wei yd rEm" lk yd Yío" kdih yd

.| iqj|" Èj yd ri" isrer yd iam¾Yh hk idOlj, tl;=j

2' fõokd ialkaOh - ^úkaokh" ú£u& iem" ÿla yd ueÈy;a ú£ï' wei-lk wd§

b÷rkag rEm Yíod§ wruqKq yuq jQ úg isf;ys we;sjk

úkaokh

3' i[a[d ialkaOh - îs;a ;=< WmÈk igyka" ksñ;s& rEm ix{d" Yío ix{d"

.kaO ix{d" ri ix{d" iam¾Y ix{d" O¾u ix{d hehs

fnod ±laúh yels y÷kd .ekSu

4' ixLdr ialkaOh - ^fÉ;kd" /ia lsÍï& l=i, l¾u" wl=i, l¾udÈ jYfhka

ye¢kafjk È.= l,la kej; kej; lsÍfuka m%n,;ajhg

m;ajk fÉ;kdj fmrgq fldg .;a ls%hd


5' ú[a[dK ialkaOh - ^wruqKq ±k .ekSu" úcdkkh& wei" lk" Èj" kdih"

YÍrh" is; hk fuu bkaøshhka u`.ska rEm" Yío" .kaO" ri"

iam¾Y" O¾u hk wruqKq .ekSu;a iu. u my< jk ±kSu"

plaLq ú[a[dK" fida; ú[a[dKdÈ ih wdldr úcdkkhka

f,dalh" i;a;ajhd hehs y÷kajkq ,nk wks;H jQ ialkaOhka ks;H hehs wms olsuq'

wks;H neúka ÿla iys; jQ tu ialkaOhka iem hehs olsuq' ÿla iys; neúka uf.a h

uu h" uf.a wd;auh hehs fkdie,lsh hq;= jQ tu ialkaO uf.a h" uu h" uf.a wd;auh

hehs o olsuq' wiqN jQ tu ialkaOhka iqN hehs o wms y÷kd .ksuq" is;uq" olsuq' fuh

úmÍ; jQ ye`.Suls" is;Suls" ±lSuls' úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj by; lS úlD;sfhka m%lD;sh

fj; wmf.a ±lau f.k ths' wks;H jQ ialkaOd§ O¾u wks;H hehs o ÿla iys; jQ tu

O¾u ÿla iys; hehs o wkd;au jQ tu O¾u wkd;au hehs o wiqN jQ tu O¾u wiqN

hehs o we;a; we;s ieáfhka ±k" ±l .; yelafla úmiaikdfjks' fufia f,dalhd

i;a;ajhd hehs lshkq ,nk ialkaO O¾uhkaf.a h:d¾:h jk wks;H ÿlaL wkd;au

hk ;%s,laIK O¾uhka m%;HlaI jYfhka ±k" ±l .kakd Ndjkdj jk neúka th

;%s,laIK Ndjkdj f,i o ye¢kafõ' tu h:d¾:djfndaOh u ish¨ ÿla ke;s lrhs¦

ksjka iqjhg muqKqjhs'

iu: Ndjkd u.ska l=i, O¾uhka wruqKq fldg tl`. lr .;a is;a we;a;jqka

úiska úo¾Ykdj jeãfï § ialkaO O¾uhka wkqj ;%s,laIKh fufkys l< hq;af;a

fufia h'

rEmh wks;H h' ks;H" iaÓr" iodld,sl fkdjkafka h' ì|jefgk iq¨ h' kefik

iq¨ h'

rEmh wks;H jk neúka ÿla iys; h' tys iem;la iqjhla fkdjkafka h' ÿl u

Wmojk iq¨ h'

rEmh ÿla iys; jk neúka wkd;au h' uf.a h" uu h" uf.a wd;auh hehs ie,lsh

fkdyels h' wd;au iajrEmfhka f;dr h'

by; olajk ,o fiiq ialkaO ms<sn| j o fï wdldrfhka u fõokdj wks;H h"

wks;H jk neúka ÿl h" ÿla iys; jk neúka wkd;auh wd§ jYfhka úmiaikd l<

hq;= h' È.= l,la mqreÿ mqyqKq l< hq;= h' ialkaO O¾uhkaf.a h:d¾:h jk ;%s,laIK

wjfndaOh ;yjqre lr .; hq;= h'

hï lf,l wd¾h Y%djlhd rEm" fõokd" iØaØ" ixLdr" úØaØK hk ixialdr

O¾uhka wks;H hehs o" tu O¾uhka wks;H jk neúka ÿla iys; hehs o" ÿla iys;

jk neúka wkd;au hehs o ukd kqjKska olshs o th u úY=oaêh kï jQ ksjkg u.

hehs nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y' fï wkqj kej; kej;;a wks;H" ÿlaL" wkd;au"

hk ;%s,laIKh kï jQ úYaj idOdrK i;Hh fufkys lsÍu" is;ays ,d jeãu"


m%.=K lsÍu" úo¾Ykd Ndjkdjhs' tfia fufkys fldg we;a; we;s ieáfhka olakd

;eke;a;d rEm" fõokd" iØaØ" ixLdr" úØaØK hk f,dalh" i;a;ajhd hehs lshkq

,nk ialkaO O¾uhka flfrys l,lsfrhs' tu O¾u wks;H h" ÿl h" wkd;au

hehs wjfndaO ùfuka tfia l,lsfrk fyf;u ta l,lsÍu ksid u tu O¾uhka

flfrys fkdwef,hs' Tyq ;=< we;s we,au ÿre fõ' fkdwe,au we;s neúka fyf;u

rd." oafõY" fuday wd§ flf,iqkaf.ka ñfohs' ñÿKq l,ays ñÿfKa hehs" kqjK my<

fjhs' thska u iir bm§u wjika fldg ksjka iqjh ,nd .kshs' m%{dj Wmojk

neúka m%{d Ndjkdj hehs o" ;%s,laIK wjfndaO lrjk neúka ;%s,laIK Ndjkdj

hehs o ye¢kafjk úmiaikd Ndjkdj wmf.a idudkH iïuq;s kqjK blaujd we;a;

we;s ieáfhka ±lSu ^h:dN+;[dK oiaikh& kï jQ mrud¾: i;HdjfndaOh we;s

lrkafka h' tu`.ska ksjka idod fokafka h'

;s,l=Kq ±lSu" ksjka wjfndaOfhka fumsg fuf,dj mrf,dj iir Ôú;fha § o

fkdfhla whqßka M,odhl fjhs' ;s,l=Kq ms<sn| ukd wjÈlñka hq;a mqoa.,hd

.; lrkafka pdï w,afmaÉP Ôú;hls' fyf;u h:d¾:h olakd neúka wiSñ;

wdYdfjka fyj;a uysÉP;dfjka f;dr fjhs' wju n,dfmdfrd;a;= we;af;a fjhs'

ljr iïmf;l l=uk iqjfhl jqj o .scq ùfuys wre;la ke;ehs fyf;u olshs'

,o muKska i;=gq fjhs' myiqfjka fmdaIKh l< yelafll= fjhs' fndfyda jev

lghq;=j,ska f;dr fjhs" úfõlS fjhs'

;s,l=Kq okakd ;eke;a;d wlïms; h' wgf,da oyñka fkdief,hs' ish,a, wks;H

nj;a" ÿla iys; nj;a" wkd;au nj;a okakd fyf;u ,dN w,dNd§ lsisjla ksid

Woaoduhg" i;=gg fuka u lïmkhg o ÿlg o m;a fkdfõ' isõ È.ska yukd

iq<`.skqÿ lïmd fkdjk bkaøÇ,hla fia Èú f.jhs' fyf;u WfmalaId iy.; h'

ueosy;a j is;kafka h' wka;.dó fkdfõ¦ wka;jd§ fkdfõ' o¾Ykfhka fuka u

prKfhka o ueÈy;a whl= fjhs' oDIaÀhlg fkdjefghs' fyf;u wk;sudkS h'

w;sudkfhka f;dr jkafka h' w;sudkfhys wre;la ke;ehs okS' fyf;u wk;sudkS

jk neúka u wdpdrYS,s h' iudcYS,s h' fufia b;d ÈhqKq fm!reIhla we;s pß;j;a

Ôú;hla .; lsÍug o ;%s,laIK Ndjkdj fyj;a úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj ;=<ska yelshdj

,efnkafka h'

idrdxYh

úo¾Ykd hkq úfYaI wjfndaOhhs' ta i|yd nqÿ oyfuys b.ekafjk Ndjkdj úo¾Ykd

Ndjkdj h' tu Ndjkdj ;%s,laIKh fufkys lsÍug W.kajk neúka ;%s,laIK

Ndjkdj f,i o tu`.ska iir ÿlska uqod,k m%{dj ,nd fok neúka m%{d Ndjkdj

f,i o ye¢kafõ' iu: Ndjkd u`.ska hgm;a lrk ,o flf,ia kej; u;=ùu

j<ld,ñka tu flf,ia uq,skqmqgd ouk fuu Ndjkdj Wiia pß; ixj¾Okhla

we;s lrk w;r ksjka iem ,nd .ekSug o WmldÍ fõ'


l%shdldrlu

01' úmiaikd Ndjkdj tkñka ye¢kafjkafka wehs@ meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' m%{d Ndjkd f,i o úmiaikd Ndjkdj y÷kajkq ,eîug fya;= olajkak'

mejreu

Tfí mjqf,a wh iu. idlÉPd fldg Ndjkd uOHia:dkhlg f.dia tla Èkla

fyda Ndjkd mqyqKqjl fhfokak'


,lajeishka jk wm i;= j we;af;a wNsudkj;a §¾> b;sydihls' tu b;sydih ;=<

furg my< jQ fYa%IaG meúÈ W;=uka rdYshla .ek wms wid we;af;uq' Wka jykafia,d

fkdfhla wdldrfhka fkdueflk fufyjrla bgq l< ksid u lsis lf,l;a wmg

wu;l l< fkdyels h'

fï w;r tn÷ fufyjrla wm fjkqfjka bgq l< .sys W;=uka .ek o b;sydifha

i|yka fõ' fkdfhla me;sj,ska isÿ lr we;s uy fufyjr ksid u tu .sys W;=fuda o

wurKSh;ajhg m;a j isá;s' tfia rg ±h iuh fjkqfjka uy;a lemùulska

uy fufyjrla l< fY%aIaG ix> ms;Djrfhl= yd krm;shl= .ek idlÉPd lsÍu

fuu mdvfuys wruqKhs' mdi,a isiqka jk wmg tu W;=ukaf.a cSjk prs; ;=<ska

.; yels wdo¾Y fndfyda h' wm tu pß; ksr;=re j u isysm;a l< hq;= h' tu W;=ï

u. wdo¾Yhg .; hq;= h'

je,súg wirK irK isß irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdKka jykafia

uykqjr hq.h ^jH'j' 1480 - jH'j' 1815& ,la b;sydifha iqúfYaI ikaêia:dkhls'

wE; wkqrdOmqr hq.fhka werfUk wfma ,la b;sydifha hq. .Kkdjla miq l<

úg uE; uykqjr hq.h yuq fõ' tu hq.h ;=< úúO w¾nqo we;s jQ nj ft;sydisl

f;dr;=rej,ska wkdjrKh fõ' mD;=.Sis" ,kafoais wd§ ngysr cd;Ska uqyqÿnv m%foaY

w,a,d .ekSu fï w¾nqoj, tla wjia:djls' lkao Wvrg rdcOdksh kdhlal¾ jxYsl

wfn!oaO rcjrekaf.A md,khg hg;a ùfuka ody;a jk ishjfia ueo Nd.h jk úg

foaYSh fn!oaO ixialD;sh l%ufhka mßydkshg m;a jkakg úh' Ydiksl mßydksh o

tys,d lemS fmkqKs' tla Wmiïmod NslaIqjla fyda fidhd .ekSu wiSre úh' je,súg

irKxlr iÕrc ysñmdKka my< jQfha fun÷ mßydks hq.hlhs'

Wka jykafia Wvrg ;=ïmfka m%foaYfha je,súg kï .fï jH'j' 1698 cQks 18 jeksod

ie±yej;a fy< fndÿ l=,hl Wm; ,enQy' tA mskaj;a l=, l=uref.a .sys ku l=,;=x.

nKavdrhs' jhi wjqreÿ 16 § uykqjr iQßhf.dv úydrfha je,súg irKxlr kñka

meúÈ nj ,enQ fï mskaj;a l=, l=urejd ;=< Wm;ska u fndfyda jdikd .=K we;s nj

.=re fo.=rekag fmkS .sfha h'

iiqka fl; ire l<" W;=fuda

.=Ke;s fmr l,

06


we;s ù ;snq ixialD;sl mßydksh ksid fmd;am;a fuka u .=rejreka o fidhd .ekSu

b;d u ÿIalr jQ fï hq.fha irKxlr ysñmdKka jykafiag wjYH wOHdmkh ,nd

.ekSu .eg¨jla úh' Wka jykafiag isÿ jQfha .=rejreka fidhd ÿr neyer m%foaYj,g

f.dia fndfyda ÿIalr;d ueo md,s NdIdj yd O¾u úkh bf.kSughs' W;aidyh yd

lemùu w;a fkdy< irKxlr ysñmdKkaa fndfydA foa W.;af;a iafjda;aidyfhks'

isxy," md,s" ixialD;" nqoaO O¾uh" ldjH Ydia;%h yd ;j;a fndfyda úIhhka

ms<sn| j yi< ±kqula ,nd .ekSug Wka jykafiag yels úh'

YslaIdldó w,afmaÉP Ôú;hla .; lsÍug leue;s jQ je,súg irKxlr iajdóka

jykafia meúÈ jQ od isg u hemqfKa ms`vqis`.d jeãfuka h' tneúka msKavmd;sl

irKxlr ysñ hkqfjka o .ñka .ug jäñka oyï foiñka wirKhkag msysg jQ

neúka wirK irK irKxlr ysñ hk kñka o Wka jykafia m%isoaO jQy' nqoaO

Ydikh fuka u fn!oaO iudch o fï jk úg uqyqK § ;snQ lk.dgqodhl ;;a;ajh

Ydikudul fndfyda fokdf.a wjOdkhg ,la jQjls' NslaIQ kñka fmkS isá we;eïyq

wUq orejka fmdaIKh l<y¦ Okj;a ro, mjq,aj,g mKsúv f.k hdï wd§ fufyjr

bgq l<y'

lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=ud úiska je,súg Y%S irKxlr kdysñhkag ix>rdc moúh msßkeóu


Tjqyq O¾u úkh ms<sn| j ±kqfuka fuka u YslaIKfhka o msßyS isáfhda h' W.;a

NslaIQka yd .syshka isáfha w;f,diails' Tjqka o úfgl pß;fhka msßyS isá nj

i|yka fõ' l,ska mej;s wOHdmk wdh;k wNdjhg u f.dia ;sìK' Wmiïmodjlg

wjYH NslaIQka jykafia,d fidhd .ekSug fkdyels ;rug Ydiksl ;;a;ajh my;

jeà ;snqKs'

fï ld,fha § irKxlr udysñmdfKda fuu mßydksfhka iiqk k`.d isgqúh

hq;= hehs wêIaGdk lr Ydikudul msßia ixúOdkh lr .;ay' tA wkqj is,aj;a

iud.u kñka ixúOdkhla msysgqjd .kakd ,§' ÿis,aj;=kaf.a ndOl ysßyer ueo

md .ukska .ï okõ isidrd jäñka O¾uh foaYkd lrñka" meúÈ ùug leue;s

fndfyda msßila is,aj;a iud.ug tla lr .ekSug wm ysñmdKkag yels úh' tfia u

irKxlr udysñfhda fndÿ orejkaf.a Ydikudul nj o ÈhqKq lsÍug l%shd l<y¦

O¾u{dkh fuka u j;a ms<sfj;a o m%.=K lr iiqfka Ñr meje;au leue;s NslaIQka

jykafia,d ìys lsÍug lghq;= l<y'

Wm;ska jhi wjqreÿ mky blaujqj o irKxlr idufKar ysñmdKka jykafiag

Wmiïmodj ,nd .; fkdyels úh' Bg fya;=j Wmiïmkak NslaIQka tl, furg

fkdisàuhs' irKxlr ysñmdfKda lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=udf.a Wojq we;sj Wmiïmod

NslaIQka jykafia,d msßila furgg jevu lr .ekSu iòyd ¥; msßila ishï

^;dhs,ka;h& rgg heùug lghq;= l<y' ishï rcf;fï Wmd,s uy f;reka jykafia

m%uqL Wmiïmod,dNS NslaIQka jykafia,d úis kula ,laÈjg tù h' jH'j' 1753 § ishï

ráka meñKs fï NslaIQka jykafia fj;ska irKxlr udysñmdKka we;=¿ yh kula

Wmiïmodj ,nd .ekSfuka ,laÈj Ydiksl mqkreohla we;s úh' tys § irKxlr

udysñhka jykafia uq,ska u Wmiïmodj ,nd fkdf.k is,aj;a iud.fï wfkla

is,aj;=kag uq,a;ek ÿka nj i|yka fõ' ta Wka jykafia ;=< mej;s wk;sudks

.=Kh ksid h' ishï uyd ksldh kñka ye¢kafjk NslaIQ mrmqr Y%S ,xldfõ we;s

jQfha fuu Wmiïmodfjka miq j h' W.;alñka yd YslaIdldñ;ajfhka w.;ekam;a

irKxlr iajdókaa jykafia úiska ,laÈj nqÿ iiqk k.d isgqùug lrk ,o iqúYd,

fufyjrg Wmydr jYfhka lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=ud úiska i`.rc moúh msßkuk

,§' tfy;a tu moúh ksid Wka jykafia Woaoduhg m;a jQfha ke;' ish wdrduhg

jeä jyd u ;,a m;la f.k ;udg u wjjdo jYfhka Wv`.= fkdj uyK hk jpk

;=k ,shd msúiqï fodrgqfjys w,jd ;enQy'

Wvqkqjr kshu lkafoa msßfjkla msysgqùfuka yd wkqrdOmqr" oUq,a," fmdf,dkakrej

wd§ fn!oaO isoaOia:dk m%;sixialrKh lrjd ksis mßÈ mqo mQcd meje;aùug Wka

jykafia lghq;= l<y' fufia fn!oaO mqk¾Ôjkh i|yd úYd, fufyjrla je,súg

irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdKka úiska bgq lrk ,È' uykqjr meje;ajQ foajd,

fmryerg Y%S oka; Od;+ka jykafiag Wmydr ±laùfï ud,s.dfõ uy fmryer o tla

lrk ,oafoa Wka jykafiaf.a Wmfoia wkqj h'


O¾u úkh ms<sn| úYdro NslaIQka jykfia kula jQ je,súg wirK irK isß

irKxlr ix>rdchdKka jykafia úiska rÑ; O¾u Ydia;%Sh .%ka: /ils'

1' uqKs.=Kd,xldrh

2' idrd¾: ix.%yh

3' r;k;%h m%Kdu .d:d ikakh

4' i;r nKjr ikakh hkdÈh tajdhska lsysmhls'

wjqreÿ wiQjla f,dal Ydik fiajfha fhÿKq Wka jykafia jH'j' 1778 wei< mqr

mif<diajl fmdfyda Èk wmj;a ù jod<y' fufia furg .sys meúÈ fn!oaO ck;dj

fjkqfjka uE; hq.fha wiuiu fufyjrla bgq lrñka mßydkshg m;a iïnqoaO

Ydikh kej; m%;sIaGdmkh lsÍug je,súg wirK irK isß irKxlr ix>rdc

udysñhka jykafia l%shd l<y' Wka jykafiaf.a pß;fhka wmg ,nd .; yels

wdo¾Y lSmhla fufia h'

³ ;%súO r;akh ms<sn| j wmßñ; Y%oaOdfjka hqla; ùu

³ YslaIdldó j yd w,afmaÉP j Ôj;a ùu

³ úúO ÿIalr;d ueo jqjo wOHdmkh ms<sn| ±ä we,aula ±laùu

³ isiq orejkag Wojq lsÍug ;snQ leue;a;

³ ksryxldr nj

³ iaÓr wêIaGdkh

ÿgq.euqKq uy rc;=ud

—udf.a fï jHdhduh nqoaO Ydikfha ÑriaÓ;sh msKsi ñi lsis lf,l;a rc iem

msKsi fkdjkafka h'˜ hkq ÿgq.euqKq rc;=udf.a wNS; igka mdGhhs' tys mrud¾:h

jQfha oYl .Kkdjl isg úkdY uqLhg hñka meje;s foaYSh iajdëk;ajh wdrlaId

lr .ksñka úfoaY md,kfhka rg" cd;sh" wd.u uqod .ekSuhs' úfoaYSh md,kfhka

rg uqod f.k tlafiai;a lsÍu ksid t;=ud ft;sydisl hq. mqreIfhl= jQ nj m%lg h'

tfia u t;=uka úiska iïnqoaO Ydikfha ÑriaÓ;sh;a ixj¾Okh;a Wfoid ±jeka;

fufyjrla buy;a Y%oaOdfjka yd ́ kElñka bgq lrk ,È' t;=ud reyqKq rc fm<m;g

wh;a ldjka;siai rc;=udf.a yd úydr uyd foaúhf.a jeäuy,a mq;%hd h' fyf;u

;u nd, fidfydhqre ;siai l=ure iu. foudmshkaf.a u. fmkaùu hgf;a uyd

ix>r;akfha wjjdo wkqYdikd ,nd ye§ jevqfKa h'

fï jljdkqfõ wkqrdOmqrh w.k.rh fldg ,laÈj md,kh lf<a t<dr kï øúv rc

flfkls' uydjxYfha i|yka mßÈ t<dr rcq idOdrK ±yeñ md,lfhls' Tyqg fmr

furg n,h w,a,df.k isáfha fiak" .=;a;sl hk ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq wdl%uKslhka h'

fï wjdikdjka; ;;a;ajfhka rg fírd f.k nqÿ iiqk wdrlaId lsÍu hq.fha

wjYH;djla jQfha h'


úfoaY n,fõ. yuqfõ igka fldg rg ±h iuh fírd .ekSug .euqKq l=ure buy;a

lemùfuka yd Wkkaÿfjka l%shd lf<a h' l=uref.a fï wfmalaIdjkag msh rc;=ud

uq,ska wleue;s jQfha ta i|yd iqÿiq ld,h fkdjk nj m%ldY lrñks' msh;=udf.a

tl`. fkdùu ksjglulehs .euqKq l=urd is;=fõ h' fï msh mq;= .egqfuys m%;sM,hla

f,i .euqKq l=ure ld,hla mshdf.ka wE;a j fld;auf,a m%foaYfhys úiqfõ h'

msh rcqf.a wNdjfhka miq reyqfKa md,lhd jQ ÿgq.euqKq l=urejdfKda ;u ujf.a o"

NslaIQka jykafiaf.a o wdYS¾jdo ,nd fiakd ikakoaO j f.dia m%dfoaYSh kdhlhka

mrdch lrñka l%ufhka wkqrdOmqrhg ióm jQy' úð;mqr kï ia:dkfha § lrk

,o ;SrKd;aul igfkka ch .;a ÿgq.euqKq l=urejdfKda ;%sisxy,h tla fiai;a

fldg rcq njg m;a jQy' fyf;u igfkys § ñh .sh t<dr rcq rdclSh f.!rj

iys; j wdodykh fldg iEhla o ;kjd ksYaYío;dj olajd thg .re lrk f,i

ck;djf.ka b,a,d isáfha h' hqoaOfha § m%;sjdÈfhl= jQ fudyqg lrk ,o fuu

f.!rjh úYsIag wdo¾Yhls'

fu;=udf.a m%Odk;u Ydiksl fufyjr jQfha fn!oaO f,dalfha uqÿka u,alvla n÷

rejkaje,siEh bÈ lsÍu h' uydiEh hkqfjka ye¢kafjk tu iqúi,a ffp;Hhg

uq,a ., ;eîfï ux., wjia:dj i|yd f,dalfha kkafoiska ry;ka jykafia,d

oioyia .Kkla jeäh nj i|yka fõ' bka meyeÈ,s jkqfha iuia; fn!oaO

f,dalhg u fï isoaêh jeo.;a jQ nj h' fï od.en f.dvke.Sfï fhÿKq ish¨ u

ld¾ñlhkag wdydrmdk" we÷ï me,÷ï" jegqma msßkeuQ nj uydjxYfha i|yka fõ'

uyd ix>r;akh flfrys w;suy;a f.!rjhlska hqla; j yeÿKq jevqKq rcq lsis

úfgl NslaIQka jykafia,dg fkdms<s.kajd wdydr fkd.;a nj i|yka fõ' ñßia

jHxckhla i`.rejkg mQcd fkdlr wdydrhg .ekSu .ek ;udg u o`vqjï fokq

msKsi rc;=ud iEojQ ffp;Hh ñßijeáh kï fõ' óg wu;r j ;j;a fjfyr úydr

yeg wgla Èjhsfka úúO m%foaYj, lr jQ nj i|yka fjhs'

ÿgq.euqKq rcqf.a wkqiaurKSh Ydiksl bÈlsÍï w;r f,dajduyd m%didoh hkqfjka

ye¢kafjk wisßu;a f.dvke`.s,a, uyd iEhg muKla fofjks jkakls' wkqrdOmqr

uyfujqkd Whfkys ñys÷ udysñhka oji foajdkï msh;siai uy rc;=udf.ka werUqKq

uyd úydrh jvd;a wx. iïmQ¾K f,i úúO f.dvke`.s,sj,ska hqla; j ±l=ïl¨

iqúi,a fn!oaO uOHia:dkhla njg m;a lrk ,oafoa o fuu rc;=ud úisks'

rc;=ud O¾u Y%jKhg ±ä leue;a;la ±laù h' tneúka iEu .ul u O¾u foaYlhka

jykafia,d ,jd O¾u foaYkd meje;aùug i,iajd Wka jykafia,dg O¾u mQcd isÿ

lsÍug o lghq;= ie,iS h' t;=ud rdcHh l< iQúis wjqreoao ;=< fjila W;aij

úis y;rla meje;a jQ nj uyd jxYfha i|yka fõ' wdfrda.HYd,d msysgqjd .s,kay,a

fiajdjla wdrïN lsÍu o ÿgq.euqKq rc;=udf.a ;j;a fufyjrls' ;ud úiska lrk

,o ish¨ hym;a ls%hd ish mska fmdf;ys igyka lsÍug t;=ud wu;l fkdlf<a h'

tn÷ mqKH l%shd w;r msßia n,fhka f;dr j yqol,dj isá wjia:djl ;uka i;= j


;snqKq tl u wdydr fõ, NslaIQka jykafia,dg mQcd lsÍu úfYaIfhka i|yka l<

yels h'

fufia f,da iiqka flfrys wkqmfïh fiajhla l< rcf;fï yÈisfha frda.d;=r úh'

ta jk úg;a ksu fkdjQ rejkaje,s od.efí lghq;= iïmQ¾K lsÍug fidfydhqre

ioaOd;siai rc;=udg mjrk ,È' t;=ud fld;ale/,a, yqKo`vqj,ska idod iqÿ

frÈj,ska wdjrKh fldg ffp;Hfha jev wjika jQ f,ig" urK u[aplfha yqka

ÿgq.euqKq rc;=udg fmkaùh' iajlSh mska fmd;g ijka foñka rejkaje,siEh foi

i;=áka n,d isáh § ld,l%shd l< ÿgq.euqKq rc;=udf.a kduh YS% ,xld fn!oaO

b;sydifha rka wl=ßka ,sheù we;af;a h'

idrdxYh

je,súg wirK irK isß irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdfKda ,laÈj Ydiksl" idudðl

wOHdmk yd Ydia;%Sh ÈhqKqjg úYd, fiajhla l< fY%aIaG ix> ms;Djrfhla jQy'

Wka jykafia úfoaYSh wdl%uK ksid" úkdY ù .sh nqÿ iiqk m%;sIaGdmkh lsÍfuys ,d

mqfrda.dó j l%shd l<y' is,aj;a iud.u msysgqùu" Wmiïmodj h<s wdrïN lsÍu"

fn!oaO isoaOia:dk m%;sixialrKh lsÍu fuka u jákd O¾u .%ka: rpkd lsÍu

;=<ska Wka jykafia nqÿ iiqfka Ñr meje;au iòyd úYd, fiajhla l<y'

ÿgq.euqKq rc;=ud úfoaYSh wdl%uKslhkaf.ka rg cd;sh fírd nqÿ iiqk fkdfhla

whqßka k.d isgjQ fYa%IaG md,lfhls' rejkaje,s iEh" f,dajduydmdh yd ñßijeáh

ks¾udKh lsÍu o uyd úydr ixj¾Okh o rc;=udf.a Ydiksl ld¾hhka w;r m%Odk

fjhs' —udf.a fï jHdhduh nqoaO Ydikfha ÑriaÓ;sh msKsi ñi lsis lf,l;a rc

iem msKsi fkdjkafka h'˜ hk m%ldYfhka hqo je§fï mrud¾:h ck;djg meyeÈ,s

lf<a h'


l%shdldrlu

1& je,súg wirK irK isß irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdKka jykafia

Ydiksl ÈhKqj Wfoid isÿl< ld¾hhka ms<sn| ,ehsia;=jla ilia lrkak'

2& je,súg wirK irK isß irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdKka jykafiaf.a yd

ÿgq.euqKq rcqf.a pß;fhka Tfí Ôú;hg .; yels wdo¾Y fol ne.ska

,shkak'

mejreu

fjk;a meúÈ W;=ful=f.a yd .sys W;=ful=f.a pß; l:d folla jeäysáhkaf.ka

wid ,shd ;nkak'


—uy jeis jei fmdl=K msÍ ;sìK' tys u;aiHfhda rxpq .eiS msyskñka isáhy'

fmdl=K weiqre fldg Ôj;a jQfha uy¨ fldiajd <sysKsfhls'w,ifhl= jQ fyf;u

fmdl=fKys isá uiqka foi fkdne¨fõ h' Tjqka f.dÿre fldg fkd.;af;a h'

uy jeis ksuúh' ksh`.h Wod úh' iev ysre /ia fmdl=K u; m;s; jQfha h' Èk

fol ;=klska u fmdl=K is£ .sfha h' tys úiQ u;aiHfhda o ñheÿfKda h' uy¨

fldiajd <sysKs f;fï fmdl=Kq f;r isg tys is÷Kq m;=, foi ne¨fõ h' uiqka

lsisfjl=;a ke;' Tyqg we;s jQfha n,j;a miq;eú,a,ls' Èh msÍ ;snQ neúka uiqkaf.ka

ys`. fkdjQ miq .sh Èkj, ;ud w,i j ksod isá nj Tyqg isys úh' ±ka flfia kï

l=i mqrjkafka o@ m%udo jQjd jeä h' fyf;u is£ .sh fmdl=K foi n,d iqiqï

fy<kakg jQfha h' ˜

fuh nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< Wmudjla weiqßka ks¾udKh lrk ,o l;djls' tu

Wmudj yuqjkafka Oïu mofha h' tu foaYkdjg u tla lrk ,o ;j;a Wmudjla

fufia h'

—;reK olaI ÿkqjdfhla ish ÿkafkys Yla;su;a ;shqKq B;,hla r|jd .;af;a h'

fyf;u uy;a jQ fjr fhdod ÿkq Èh weo uy jkh foig úoafoa h' uy y`v k`.ñka

jd .en o ì|f.k w;=" fld< o fom¨ fldg fõ.fhka .uka l< B;,h m;s;

jQfha fndfyda ÿr h' th fidhd .ekaug ÿkqjdhdg fkdyels úh' uy jkfhys Èrd

.sh fld< frdvq w;r m;s; jQ th lsis Èfkl lsisfjl=f.a fk; fkd.eà tys u

Èrdm;a j .sfha h'˜

fuu isÿùï fol tod fuka u wo o wm w;f¾ Ôj;a jk we;eï wkqjKhkaf.a Ôú;

l;djg Wmud lrk nqÿrcdKka jykafia tu`.ska iemj;a wkd.;hla f.dvkeÕSug

fjr ork wmg lrkafka uy`.= u. fmkaùuls' is£ .sh fmdl=Kq f;r miq;ejqKq

uy¨ fldiajd <sysKshd fuka Ôú;fha u.yeÍ .sh foa ms<sn| is;ñka miq j miq;eú,s

ùug bv ;nd fkd.kakd f,i wjjdo lrk fuu foaYkdj B;,h uy jkfhys

weo jegqKq ;ek u Èrdm;a j hkakdla fuka wêfõ.S ;reKlu o ksIaM, j úkdY

jk nj fmkajd fohs' fuh fjfiiska u mdm ñ;% wdY%h yd mdm;r kqiqÿiq mqreÿ o

ksid msßySug m;a jQ iuld,Sk ;reKfhl= ksñ;s fldg foaYkd lrk ,oaols' tfy;a

Bg iudk yeisÍï ksid fkdfhla whqßka msßySug m;a jk j¾;udk we;eï ;reK

Ôú;j,g o fuhska wdo¾Y ,nd .; yels h'

uy¨ úfhys ÿla fkdjkak

;=reKq Èúh f.dvk.kak07


wpß;ajd n%yau pßhx

w,oaOd fhdínfka Okx

ðKaK fld[aapdj ®dhka;s

ÇK uÉfÉj m,a,f,a

fuf,dj mrf,dj iemj;a nj fuka u fl<jr ÿlska ñ§ ,nk ksjka iqjh o Wod

lrk W;=ï iS,d§ ms<sfj;ays o fkdfh§ ;reK úfha § Wmka Okh /l .ekafuka

yd kQmka Okh bmoùfuka o f;dr j Ôj;a jkafkda jeis iufhys uiqka w,a,d

fkdf.k miq j is£ .sh fmdl=K foi n,d miq;eú,s jk uy¨ fldiajd <sysKshka

fuka miq ;efjkafkda h' iqiqï ,kafkda h'

wpß;ajd n%yau pßhx

w,oaOd fhdínfka Okx

fika;s pdmd;s ÇKdj

mqrdKdks wkq;a:qkx

W;=ï jQ" YS,d§ .=KO¾uhka iïmQ¾K lsrSu o fkdfldg ;reKfhl= f,i ;u

yelshdj fhdojd Okh Wmhd .ekSfuys o ksr; fkdù fl<sfof,ka Ôj;a jkafkda

ÿkafkka úÈk ,o B;,h fõ.fhka f.dia jkfha jeà Èrdm;a j hkakdla fuka

jeäysá jhig m;ajQ úg fmr ̂ ;reK úfhys& l< lS oE isys lrñka iqiqï ,;s' fYdal

fj;s' cSú;fha m,la fkd,n;s'

by; i|yka nqoaOdjjdoh wkqj ms<sfj;ska o" iodpdrfhka o" Okfhka o" fNda.

iïm;a;sfhka o msßySug m;a jQ ñksiaiq ;reK úh blau f.dia uy¨ úhg m;a jQ úg

miq;eú,s fj;s' is÷Kq fmdl=K foi n,d miq;efjk uy¨ fldiajd <sysKshd fuka

Ôú;fha f.ù .sh ;reK úh .ek is;d miq;eú,s fj;s' zzud ;reK úfha ms<sfj;a

/lafla o ke;" Okh /ia lf<a o ke;' ±ka uy¨ jQfhñ' ta lsisjla lrkakg

Yla;shla ke;af;a fjñZZ hs ;efjhs' fufia ;efjk ÿla fjk ñksiqka j¾;udk

iudcfha o isákq ±lsh yels h' by; olajk ,o fojeks nqoaOdjjdoh wkqj fhdjqka

úfha § ms<sfj;a o fkdmqrd Okh o /ialr fkd.;af;da uy¨ úhg m;a j fmr

l< lS oE is;ñka ;efj;s' fhdjqka wjÈfha ldh Yla;sh o Ñ;a; Yla;sh o wvqjla

ke;' fõ.j;a h' ÿkafkka hjk B;,h fuks' tfia u ms<sfj;a o fkdmqrd Okh o

/ia fkdfldg ;reK l, lñka fndñka kgñka .hñka jhñka fl<sfof,ka u

f.jd ±uQ ñksiaiq ta ;reK cjh is£ .sh úg uy¨ j Èrdm;a j fmr l< lS oE .ek

is; is;d iqiï ,;s" ;efj;s' fhdjqka uofhka u;a j lhska jokska yd is;ska fkdl<

hq;a; u lrñka l< hq;a; fkdlr uy¨ úfha § miq;eú,s jkafkda wm w;r o isá;s'

ta ldh Yla;sh o" Ñ;a; Yla;sh o we;s ;reK wjÈfhka ksis m%fhdack fkd.ekSu

ksid h' Ôú;hl nd," ;reK" uy¨ hehs wjia:d ;=kla we;' thska wOHdmkh ,nk

nd,úfha § o /lS rlaIdÈh lrk ;reK úfha § o ;ekam;a uy¨ úfha § o YS,d§ .=K

oyï mqrñka iïm;a Wmhd .kakd ñksiaiq uy¨ úfha § miq;eú,s fkdfj;s' f.ù

.sh <ud úh yd ;reK úh foi n,d i;=gq fj;s' ta fya;=fjka u §¾>dhqI o ,n;s'


Ôú;h id¾:l;ajhg m;a ùug w;aje,la imhk ;j;a w.kd WmfoaYhla Oïu

mofhka yuqfjhs'

WÜGdkjf;da i;suf;da

iqÑlïuiai ksiïuldßfkda

i[a[;iaip Oïu Ôúfkda

wmamu;a;iai hfidaNs jâV;s

W;aidyjka; jQ" ukd isysh we;s" ksje/È foh mßIdldÍ j lrk yslaófuka hq;a

±yeñ j Ôj;a jk ;eke;a;df.a hii jefvkafka h' fuh W;aidyh fmrgq fldg

f.k .=K kqjKska l%shd fldg Ôú;h ch .;a iuld,Sk ;reKfhl=g nqÿrcdKka

jykafia úiska lrk ,o foaYkhls' fuu foaYkdfjys i|yka hiia j¾Okh hkq

OkOdkHdÈ fNda. iïm;a jeä ÈhqKq ùu yd lS¾;s m%Yxidjka o jeä ÈhqKq ùuhs'

tfia fuf,dj § u hiia jeä ÈhqKq ùu m%S;su;a id¾:l Ôú;hla .; lsÍug WmldÍ

fõ' tfy;a th isÿ jkafka foaj n,hlska fkdfõ' fmr l< l¾uh wkqj u o

fkdfõ' fya;=jla hqla;shla ke;=j o fkdfõ' ta i|yd ;sìh hq;= yelshdjka yd .=K

O¾u i;a wdldr nj fuu .d:dj W.kajhs'

1' WÜGdkjf;da - W;aidyjka; nj" fkdmiqniakd ù¾hh" fkdue,s j

ld¾hlaIu j l%shd lsÍu" ldh Yla;sh yd Ñ;a; Yla;sh

fkdu| j fhdojd jev lsÍu

2' i;suf;da - t<U isá isysh" hym;a l,amkdj" i;sh" yß je/È ±l

lghq;= lsÍu" u;l Yla;sh

3' iqÑlïu - msßisÿ j lghq;= lsÍu" lhska jpkfhka yd is;ska ksfodia

foa lsÍu" mõlï wl=i,a fkdfldg mskalï l=i,a lsÍu

4' ksiïuldÍ - kqjKska msßlaid" is;d úuid lghq;= lsÍu" frda. ksodkh

úuid ms<shï lrk fj±ÿfrl= fuka l%shd lsÍu" fodia

ksfodia fidhd n,d ksfodia foa lsÍu

5' i[a[; - oukh ùu" ixh; nj" yslaóu" YS,fhka lh jpkh yslau

ùu" iudêfhka is; yslauùu" tu .=K O¾uhkays msysgd

lghq;= lsÍu

6' OïuÔú - ±yeñ j Ôj;a ùu" iïud wdÔjh" ñ;Hd Èú meje;afuka

f;dr j f.dú;eka" fjf<|dï wd§ hym;a Ôúldfjka

hqla; ùu" kS;s úfrdaë whqßka Wmhdf.k Èú fkdf.ùu

7' wmamu;a; - wm%udoh" m%udo fkdùu" Ôú;fha wNsjDoaêhg ÈhqKqjg

ydkslr foa fkdlsÍu" Ôú;h wdmiaig f.k hk

l%shdj,ska je<lS" Ôú;h bÈßhg f.k hk l%shdjkays

ksr; ùu


m<uq j i|yka l< mßÈ Wiia ms<sfj;ska msßyS Okh o Wmhd fkdf.k miq;eú,s

jkakjqka fuka u fojkq j i|yka l< mßÈ W;aidyh fmrgq lr .;a hym;a yeisÍï

ksid miq j cSú;h foi wdmiq yeÍ n,d Wmhd .;a Okh;a lS¾;s m%Yxidjkq;a ±k

±l i;=gg m;ajkafkda o wm w;r isá;s' fï fohdldrfha u mqoa.,hka .ek Tn

wid we;=jdg iel ke;'

fuys uq,a .d:d hq.,fhka msßySug m;a j ÿla jkakl= .ek lshhs' fojekak ÈhqKqjg

m;a j i;=gq jkafkl= .ek lshhs' hym;a wkd.;hlg mshuka lrk orejka jYfhka

wm isys ;nd .; hq;af;a wmf.a Ôú;fha mrdchka fuka u ch.%yKhka o wmf.a u

l%shdldrlï u; /£ mj;sk nj h' u;= miq;eú,a, fuka u i;=gqùu o wmf.a u

yeisÍï wkqj isÿ jk nj h'

idrdxYh

Wiia .=K oyï o fkdmqrd" Okh o Wmhd fkd.kakd ;reKhdg isÿ jkafka miq j

miq;eú,s ùug h' ;udf.a u kqiqÿiq mej;=ï .ek is;ñka ÿla ùug h' Wiia .=K

oyï o imqrk" W;aidyh fmrgq fldg f.k l%shd lrkAkd ;=< OkOdkHd§ iïm;a

jefvhs' Tyqf.a lS¾;sh o me;sf¾'

l%shdldrlu

1' —wpß;ajd n%yau pßhx '''˜ hkd§ .d:dfjys tk WmfoaYh fláfhka ,shkak'

2' —WÜGdkjf;da'''˜ hkd§ .d:djg wkqj hii jefvk ;eke;a;df.a ,laIK

y÷kajd fokak'

mejreu

) Èh is£ .sh fmdl=Kla iómfhys miq;eú,af,ka isák fldiajd <sysKsfhl=

±lafjk Ñ;%hla we| Bg háka wod< .d:dj yd tys w¾:h o ,shd mka;s ldurfha

m%o¾Ykh lrkak'


wm úoHd,fha mej;s jd¾Isl l%Svd W;aijfha ixúOdk lghq;= Ndr jQfha mdif,a

m%Odk YsIH kdhl;ajh ±rE iqks,ag h' Èk lsysmhla ta fjkqfjka wêl f,i

fjfyi ùu ksid W;aijh wjika j ksjig .sh iqks,ag WK frda.h je<¢K'

wïud jyd u Tyq ffjoHjrhl= yuqjg le|jdf.k .shd h' frda.S ;;a;ajh úuid

neÆ ffjoHjrhd fnfy;a kshu lrñka iqks,ag fohdldrhlska Wmfoia ÿkafka h'

tkï fkdl< hq;= w.=K foa fkdlr isàug yd l< hq;= .=K foa lsÍughs' we,a c,h

mrsyrKh lsÍu" isis,a l< nr wdydr .ekSu" wêl f,i fjfyiSu wdÈh fkdl<

hq;= hehs Tyqg Wmfoia fok ,§' tfia u ksis mßÈ fnfy;a .ekSu o WKq c,h

mdúÉÑh o úfõl .ekSu o l< hq;= hehs Tyqg Wmfoia ,enqKs' fkdl< hq;= w.=K

foa fkdlr l< hq;= .=K foa l< Tyqg blaukska iqjh ,enqfKa h'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia wm úiska l< hq;= foa o fkdl< hq;= foa o b.eka jQ fial'

fkdl< hq;= foa úß;a fyj;A úruK kñka o l< hq;= foa isß;a fyj;a iudodk

kñka o ye¢kafõ' tA wkqj i;=ka ueÍu" fkdÿka foa .ekSu wd§ fkdl< hq;=

l%shdj,ska je<lS" i;=kag lreKdj ffu;%sh ±laùu" ÿka foa muKla .ekSu wd§ l<

hq;= l%shdjkays ksr; úh hq;= h' nqÿ oyfuys iS,h W.kajd we;af;a tf,i h' tu.ska

mqoa.,hdf.a pß;h ixj¾Okh jkafka h'

is,a /lSfuka ,efnk wdksixi myla ms<sn| j nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l<

fial' tu wdksixi fudkjd ±hs úuid n,uq'

1' uy;a jQ fNda. iïm;a w;am;a lr .ekSu

2' lS¾;sh me;sÍu

3' ´kE u msßila ueog ks¾Nh j t<öug yels ùu

4' isys uq,d fkdù l¨ßh lsÍu

5' urKska u;= iq.;sfhys Wm; ,eîu

wkqiia ±l is,aj;a fjuq08


1' uy;a jQ fNda. iïm;a w;am;a lr .ekSu

is,aj;a Ôú;hla .; lrk mqoa.,hd ksrka;rfhka WfoHda.j;a h' wm%ud§ j l%shd

lrhs' iS,fhys msysgd wm%ud§ j m%fndaOj;a ukiska Ofkdamdhkfhys fhfok fyf;u

tys m%;sM,hla f,i uy;a jQ Okhl ysñlrefjl= njg m;a fõ' is,aj;a ;eke;a;dg

Okh bmhsh fkdyels nj;a iS,fhys msysàu Okh bmhSug ndOdjla nj;a is;Su

jrols' Okh bmhSfï § fuka u Wmhd .;a Okh iqrlaIs; lr .ekSfï § o YS,h

mqoa.,hdg ufydamldÍ fõ'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia Ôjudk ld,fha isá uyOk isgqmq;%hd Wmhd .;a ish¨ Okh

wysñ fldg f.k bK we¢ j;g muKla iSud jQfha iS,fhys msysgd lghq;= fkdl<

ksid h' mdmñ;% fiajkhg yd fkdukd mqreÿj,g o weíneys ù Wmhd .;a ish¨

Okh ta fjkqfjka úhoï fldg È<skaoka njg m;a jQjka j¾;udk iudcfha o ±l

.; yels h' is,aj;a mqoa.,hd t<U issá isysfhka hq;= j lghq;= lrhs' is.df,dajdo

iQ;%fha ±lafjk wdldrhg fNda. úkdYhg fya;= jk lreKq yhla we;'

1' uohg yd m%udohg fya;= jk uoHidr .ekSu

2' kqiqÿiq fõ,djkays uxudj;aj, ießieÍu

3' kegqï .ehqï jehqï ys f,d,a nj

4' iQÿfjys fh§u

5' múgq ñ;=rka weiqr

6' w,ilñka l,a f.ùu

is,aj;a mqoa.,hd lh jpkh Tiafia we;s lr .kakd ixjrlu ksid fuu je/È

lsisjla Tyqf.ka isÿ fkdfõ' je/È iy.; yeisÍï ksid fndfyda .eg¨ we;s jk

w;r udkisl wiykh o jeä fõ' È<s÷luo we;s fjhs' is,aj;a ;eke;a;df.a Okh

jefvkqfha ÿisßf;ka je<lS iqisßf;ys fhfok neúks'

2' lS¾;sh me;sÍu

lS¾;sh yd wmlS¾;sh wgf,da oyug wh;a wx. folls' lsis hï mqoa.,fhl=f.a lS¾;shg

fuka u wmlS¾;shg o n,mdk uQ,sl idOlh Tyqf.a fyd| krl ls%hdldrlï h'

l=,j;alu" rEu;alu ;snQ muKska lS¾;sh Wmhd .; fkdyels h' YS,fhys msysgd

lghq;= fkdlrk mqoa.,hdg ysñ jkafka wmlS¾;shhs' mrmK fkdkik" fidrlñka

je<l=Kq" je/È ldu fiajkfhka je<l=Kq" fndrefjka f;dr" uoHidrfhka

je<l=Kq mqoa.,hdg lS¾;sh u ysñfjhs' ÿis,aj;a mqoa.,hd jqj o iS,fhys msysgd

lghq;= lrkakdf.a .=K lshhs' tjeks mqoa.,hd ms<sn| j okka ;=v ;=v /õ ms<s/õ

fokafka m%Yxid;aul joka h' is,a iqj| wfkl=;a ish¨ iqj| j¾. wNsNjd me;sfrk

nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y'


is,aj;d hula lrkakg fmr ud fï lrk fohska ug hym;la fõ o whym;la

fõ o hkqfjka úuis,s iy.; fjhs' ;ud lrk lshk fohska ish ujqmshkag" ;ud

bf.k .kakd mdi,g" iudchg" ixialD;shg ydkshla jrola jkjd o hkak is;d

n,hs' tfia is;d ksje/È ls%hdjkays kshef,a' ta ksid ;ud wjg iudcfha" úfYaIfhka

.=re fo.=rekaf.a m%Yxidj ysñ mqoa.,fhl= njg m;a fõ' is,aj;a j lghq;= lrk

mqoa.,hd iudcfha mj;sk isß;a úß;aj,g o" idr O¾uhkag o .re lrk w;r tajd

/l .ekSug W;aidy lrhs' kskaod wmydij,g ,la jk ls%hdjkaf.ka je<lS isà'

lrKShfu;a; iQ;%fha fmkajd fok wdldrhg" hï ls%hdjlg kqjKe;s wh kskaod

lr;a kï tn÷ l=vd jQ jrolska mjd je<lSug W;aidy l< hq;= h' fufia fyd|

krl ksje/È j f;dard fírd f.k Ôj;a jk úg iudch ;=< is,aj;df.a lS¾;sh

me;sfrkafka ksrdhdifhks'

3' ´kE u msßila ueog ks¾Nh j t<öug yels ùu

wka whf.a Ôú; Wÿrd .;a mqoa.,hd ish Ôú;h ljr fudfydf;a wysñ fõ o hk

ìfhka Ôj;a fõ' wka whf.a iïm;a meyer.;a mqoa.,hdg ksrdhdifhka we;sjkafka

ljr fudfydf;a ;ud kS;sfha /yekg yiqfõ o fidrlu fy<sfõ o hk is;hs' je/È

ldu fiajkfha fhfok ;eke;a;d YsIag iïmkak iudc meje;aug ydks muqKqjhs'

fndre lshk ;eke;a;d wka whf.a ikaksfõok whs;sh lv lrhs' uoHidrh Ndú;

lrkakd ldhsl fuka u udkisl fi!LHfhka o msßyqKq mqoa.,hl= fjhs' fyf;u

iduldó iudchg wNsfhda.hls' fï wdldrhg m[ap ÿYapß;fhys fhfokakdg

ksrka;rfhka Ôj;a ùug isÿ jkafka ìfhka yd ielfhks' iudchg fydr ryfia

wm%isoaO j h' je/È lrkakd miqmi kS;sh ÿqn¢k w;r Tyqf.a Ôú;h wkdrlaIs;

h' isÿ l< je/È kS;sh wNsuqj i`.jdf.k isáh o yDoh idlaIHhg i`.jd ;eìh

fkdyels neúka iNdjla bÈßfha Rcq j fmkS isàfï wd;au úYajdih o Tyq ;=<

fkdue;'

m[ap YS,h wdrlaId lrkakd wka whf.a Ôj;a ùfï whs;sh iqrlS' Tyq wkqkg ysxid

fkdlrhs' tneúka >d;lhl=" ysxilhl= f,i iudcfhka wjuka ,nkafka ke;'

wka whf.a foam< iem iïm;a meyer fkd.kS' kqÿka foa fkd.kS' tneúka Tyq

fidfrl= f,i .eryqï fkd,nhs' je/È ldu fiajkfhka j<lsk ;eke;a;d iudc

iïu;hkag .re lrkafkls' mjq,a Ôú;fha iodpdr iïmkak nj wdrlaId lrkafkls'

i;H.rel mqoa.,hd wka whf.a ikaksfõok whs;sh iqrlshs' fndre fkdlshhs' wkqka

fkdrjghs' tneúka Tyq úYajdijka;fhl= fõ' uoHidrh mßyrKh fkdlrkakd

iudcfha iduldó nj yd iqyo;dj wdrlaId lrhs' Tyq ukd isys kqjKska hq;= wfhls'

iduldó yd iqyo mqoa.,fhls'

fufia is,aj;d iudchg hym;la ñi whym;la fkdlrk neúka iudch Tyq m%sh

lrhs' tksid u Tyqg ´kE u msßila ueog ks¾Nh j msúish yels h'


4' isys uq,d fkdù l¨ßh lsÍu

ÿis,aj;a j lghq;= lrkakdf.a urKdikak fudfyd; w;sYh ìhlre h' ;ud isÿ

l< ish¨ je/È is;=jï mghla È.yeß l,l fuka Tyqg ueù fmfka' mrf,dj ms<sn|

ìh we;s fõ' miq;eú,a, o we;s fõ' urKska u;= wmdh.dó jk njg fmr ksñ;s

my< fõ' pqkao iQlßl urKdikak fudfydf;a W!rl= fuka lE.id ±ä fõokdjla

ú| ñh mrf,dj f.dia wmd.; jQ mqj; wm wid ;sfí' j¾;udkfha o m%dK>d;d§

m[ap ÿYapß;fha kshe,S Ôúldj .; l<jqka urKdikakfha ±ä fõokdjg;a

miq;eùug;a m;a jk wjia:d we;' iS,fha msysgd lghq;= l< ;eke;a;dg urKh

ìhlre w;a±lSula fkdfõ' ;ud iq.;shl u Wmok nj fyf;u fyd¢ka okshs' ;u

Ôú;h .ek miq;eú,s fkdjk fyf;u urKhg fkdie,S uqyqK fohs' ;ud l<

fyd| l%shd Tyqg isysm;a fjhs' Oïñl kï Wmdil;=ud urKdikak fudfydf;a §

iq.;sh u ±l isysfhka hq;=j l¨ßh l< nj wms wid we;af;uq'

5' urKska u;= iq.;sfhys Wm; ,eîu

nqÿ oyu wkqj ÿ.;sfha fyda iq.;sfha Wm; ,eîu isÿ jkafka wm úiska isÿ lrkq

,nk l=i,dl=i, l¾udkqrEmjhs' wl=i, l¾u l< ;eke;a;d urKska u;= ÿ.;sfha

WmÈk w;r wl=i,fhka je<lS l=i, l¾u l< ;eke;a;d urKska u;= iq.;s.dó fõ'

is,aj;d hkq mdml¾uhkaf.ka wl=i, l%shdjkaf.ka f;dr j Ôj;a jk ;eke;a;d h'

mj wl=i,h ms<sl=,a lrñka tu l%shdj,g Wmka ìh we;s j Ôj;a jk neúka o msk

l=i,h W;=ï fldg i,lñka tu l%shdjkag fhduq ù isák neúka o is,aj;d ÿ.;shg

fkdhhs' iq.;shl u Wm§' ;ud is,aj;a fkdfõ hehs o mõ lï lf<a hehs o fuf,dj

;efjk ;eke;a;d tksid u mrf,dj o ;efjhs' ÿ.;s.dó j ;j ;j;a ;efjhs' ;ud

is,aj;a hehs o mjqlï fkdflf<a hehs o fuf,dj i;=gq jk ;eke;a;d tksid u

mrf,dj o i;=gq fõ' iq.;sfha bmso i;=gq fõ' mõlï l< ÿis,aj;a mqoa.,hd ;=<

Wmokd wjika is;=ú,s mrmqr whym;a h' t;ekska Tyq ÿ.;shl Wm§' mjqlï fkdl<

is,aj;d ;=< Wmokd wjika is;=ú,s mrmqr hym;a h' tneúka Tyq iq.;shl u Wm§'

iS,fhys wdksixi mfyka uq,a i;r Ôj;a j isáh § u fyj;a fuf,dj § u is,aj;dg

w;a±lSï jYfhka ,nd .; yels tAjd h' tu wkqiia lsisfia;a u úYajdi ud;% fkdjk

nj wm ;rfha isys ;nd .; hq;= h'


idrdxYh

iS,h isß;a úß;a jYfhka fofldgils' l< hq;= foa isß;a jk w;r fkdl< hq;=

foa úß;a fõ' is,a /lSfuka ie,fik m%Odk wdksixi myla we;' tAjd kï uy;a jQ

fNda. iïm;a ysñ ùu" lS¾;sh me;sÍu" ´kE u msßila ueog ks¾Nh j t<öug yels

ùu" fkdìh j urKhg uqyqK §ug yels ùu" urKska miq iq.;sfhys Wm; ,eîu

jYfhks' is,aj;alñka mqoa., ixj¾Okh fuka u iudc ixj¾Okh o isÿ fõ'

l%shdldrlu

1' iS,fhka ,efnk wdksixi my kï lrkak'

2' YsIH Ôú;h id¾:l lr .ekSug WmldÍ jk hym;a .=Kdx. 10 la

,shkak'

3' is,aj;a ùu Ofkdamdhkhg Wmldrhls' fï ms<sn| Tfí woyia olajkak'

mejreu

iS,fhys wdksixY ±lafjk md,s mdGh fidhd ì;a;s mqj;am;l m,lrkak'

mqyqKqjg

fhda fÉ jiaii;x Ôfõ

ÿiaiSf,da wiudysf;da

taldyx Ôú;x fihafhda

iS, jka;iai ®dhsfkda

Ôïu moh - iyiai j.a.h&

ÿYaYS, j fkdikaiqka is;a we;s j wjqreÿ iShla Ôj;a ùug jvd is,aj;aj ikaiqka is;a

we;s j tl ojila Ôj;a ùu fYa%IaG h'


lsisfjl=g ñksia iudch ;=< ;ks j" yqol,d j Ôj;a úh fkdyels h' jvd;a

m%S;su;a iykYS,S Ôú;hla .; lsÍu i|yd iudcfha Ôj;a jk mqoa.,hska w;r

iqyo iïnkaO;djla mj;ajd .ekSu w;HjYH nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y' tA

i|yd foaYkd lrk ,o iQ;% O¾u rdYshls' is.df,dajdo iQ;%h tjeks tla foaYkdjls'

iÈid kñka iudch fldgia yhlg fnod ±lafjk tys ta ta iudc lKavdhï w;r

wfkHdakH jYfhka mej;sh hq;= idrO¾u meyeÈ,s j olajd we;' th nqÿ oyu wkqj

fof,dj Èkk ms<sfj;la jYfhka o nqÿrcdKka jykafia ye¢ka jQ fial' tu iQ;%hg

wkqj uQ,sl iudc lKavdhï y÷kd .ksñka Tjqfkdjqka w;r in|;d mj;ajd .;

hq;= wkaou fï mdvfuka wms bf.k .ksuq'

WoEik yh ÈYdjlg kuialdr lrñka isá is.d, kï ;reKhl=yg ksje/È Èid

kuialdrh meyeÈ,s lrñka nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska is.df,dajdo iQ;%h foaYkd

lrk ,È' tu iQ;%hg wkqj iudch ih wdldr fõ'

kef.kysr Èidj - ujq - mshka

ol=Kq Èidj - .=rejreka

ngysr Èidj - iajdñ Nd¾hdjka

W;=re Èidj - ys; ñ;=rka

hg Èidj - fiajH fiajlhka

Wv Èidj - meúÈ W;=uka

by; lS iÈidjkaf.ka woyia jk iudc fldgia

lsisjla yqol,d fkdfõ' Tjqyq ksiel j u wod<

iudc fldgia iu. ne£ isá;s' ujqmshka iy orejka"

.=rejreka iy YsIHhka" iajdñ mqreIhka iy Nd¾hdjka"

l=, mq;%hka iy ñ;=rka" iajdñjreka yd fiajlhka"

.syshka iy meúÈ W;=uka hkqfjks' fulS iudc fldgia

úiska tlsfkldg hq;=lï bgql< hq;= h' Od¾ñl jQ

fkdìf|k iudc in|;d f.dvkef.kqfha túghs'

hq;=lï bgq lsÍu hkq tlsfkldg fkdfhla whqßka

ix.%y lsÍu h' th iudc wdpdr O¾uhls¦ hym;a iudc

jd;djrKhla we;s ùug fnfyúka bjy,a jkakls'

thska ta ta iudc fldgia w;r úYajdih ;yjqre jk

w;r Tjqkaf.a wNsjDoaêh o ie,fihs'

in|;d rlsk ñksia hq;=lï09


ujqmsh - ¥ore in|;d

foudmshka yd orejka w;r hym;a in|;djla mj;ajd .ekSu fomlaIfha u ys;

iqj msKsi fya;= fõ' ujqmshka mQ¾j ÈYdjg ^ysre kef.k Èidjg& Wmud fldg

olajd we;' ujq l=i ms<sis| .;a oskfha mgka orefjl= we;s oeä lrkq ,nkafka

foujqmshka úisks' orejka mdi,g f.dia wl=re bf.kSug fmr ±k.; hq;= fndfyda

foa W.kajkq ,nkafka o foujqmshka úiska h' orefjl=g ksjfia § uqK .efik

foújre ujqmsfhda h' n%yauhka ;=< mj;sk fu;a;d" lreKd" uqÈ;d" WfmalaLd hk

i;r n%yau úyrKhkaf.ka o ujqmsfhda hqla; fj;s' tneúka ujqmsfhda mqíndpßh"

mqínfoaj" n%yau hk úfYaIK moj,ska o ye¢kafj;s'

orejkaf.ka foudmshkag bgq úh hq;= hq;=lï myla is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha olajd

we;'

1' ujqmshka fmdaIKh lsÍu

2' Tjqkaf.a lghq;= fidhd n,d bgq lr §u

3' foudmshka /l f.k wd l=, mrmqr yd Bg iïnkaO isß;a

úß;a wdrlaId lsÍu

4' foudmshkaf.ka ysñ jQ foa /l .ekSu

5' ujqmshka mrf,dj .sh miq mska wkqfudaoka lrùu

foudmshka fj;ska o fujeks u w.kd hq;=lï myla orejka fjkqfjka

bgqúh hq;= j ;sfí' tkï"

1' orejka jrÈka uqojd .ekSu

2' Tjqka hym;a lghq;=j, fhoùu

3' bf.kSfï lghq;=j, fhoùu

4' .e<fmk wdjdy újdy lr §u

5' iqÿiq l,ays iïm;a mjrd §u

fuu hq;=lï fomsßi u w;ska bgq fkdjk wjia:d iudcfha olakg ,efí' ta

ksid u foujqmshka yd orejka w;r fkdukdmlï we;s ù tA fomsßi w;r in|;d

ì|jeà ÿlg lk.dgqjg m;a j isák wjia:d fndfyda h' tfuka u ;u hq;=lï ksis

mßÈ bgq lsÍfuka idufhka yd iu.sfhka Ôj;a jk ujqmshka fuka u ¥ orefjda o

iudcfha iekis,sodhl Ôú; .; lr;ss' ta ksid foudmshka yd orejka ;u hq;=lï

ksis l, ksis f,i bgq lsÍug j. n,d .ekSu fomlaIfha u hym; msKsi fya;= fõ'


.=re - isiq in|;d

iudcfha olakg ,efnk ;j;a m%Odk iudc lKavdhï folla jkafka .=rejreka yd

YsIHhka h' Tjqka w;r in|;dj ukd j f.dvk.d .ekSug WmldÍ jk wfkHdaakH

hq;=lï bgq lsÍu fomlaIfha u j.lSuls' YsIHfhl= ;u foudmshka yereKq úg

.re l< hq;= msßi yeáhg O¾ufhys i|yka jkafka .=rejreka h' iudcfha hym;a

mqrjeisfhl= jYfhka Ôj;a ùug wjYH .=K O¾u yd pß; Yla;sh Ôú;hg tla

lrkafka .=rejrhdhs' is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha § .=rejreka olaIsK Èidjg iudk fldg

olajd we;af;a o YsIHhkaf.a ̂ olaIsKdj& mqo ie,ls,s ,eîug iqÿiq jk neúks' tfia u

YsIHkaf.a wNsjDoaêhg wjYH yqremqreÿlï ukd fia m%odkh lrkafka .=re W;=uka

jk neúks'

YsIHhl= úiska .=rejrhdg mia whqrlska ie,lsh hq;= nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y'

tkï

1' ÿgq úg yqkiafkka ke.sàu

2' wjYH Wmia:dk lsÍu

3' wjjdo wkqYdikdj,g uekeúka weyqïlka §u

4' wjYH lghq;= bgq lr §u

5' uekeúka bf.k .ekSu

.=rejrhd úiska o YsIHhkag lreKq mylska ix.%y l< hq;= nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia

fmkajd ÿkay'

1' uekeúka yslauùu

2' uekeúka b.ekaùu

3' okakd ish¨ Ys,am Ydia;% b.ekaùu

4' ;u ñ;%hkag YsIHhd y÷kajd §u

5' YsIHhd wdrlaId lr .ekSu

by; ±lajQ .=re-YsIH wfkHdakH hq;=lï bgq lsÍfuka mrudo¾YS hym;a iudchla

ìys ùug u. mEfohs' YsIHhska ;u .=rejrekag ksis .re ie,ls,s ±laúh hq;= h' ;u

.=rejreka ms<sn| úYajdihlska" we,aulska l%shd l< hq;= h' .=rejrhd fok Wmfoia

ms<smÈñka ;u ÈhqKqj i,id .; hq;= h' bf.kSu b;d ´kElñka Wkkaÿfjka l<

hq;= h' tfia lrk YsIHhka flfrys .=rejrhd ohdfjka lreKdfjka l%shd l<

hq;= h' YsIHhdf.a iq¿ jrola ÿgq úg l,lsÍug m;a fkdù Tjqkaf.a hym; i|yd

u. fmkajñka wdo¾Yj;a ùu w.fka h' fufia l%shd lrk úg wfkHdakH in|;dj

j¾Okh ù fomsßfia u ÈhqKqj ie,fia' iudchg o bka hym;la fjhs'


wUq - ieñ in|;d

iudchl jeo.;a u tAllh jk mjqf,a m%Odk u idudcslhka jkafka ìßh iy

ieñhdhs' mjq,a ixia:dfõ meje;au r|d mj;skafka ìßh;a ieñhd;a w;r we;s iïnkaOh

u; h' mjqf,a iduh;a i;=g;a ÈhqKqj;a ¥ orejkaf.a hym;;a ie,fikafka mjq,a

ixia:dfõ hymeje;au u; h' ngysr Èidj f,i oelafjk wUqieñ hq;=lï oyhls'

ieñhd ìßhg"

1' .re lsÍu

2' wjuka fkdlsÍu

3' mrodr fiajkfha fkdfh§u

4' f.or j.lSï mejÍu

5' we`ÿï me<`ÿï imhd §u

hk lreKq bgq l< hq;= h'

ìßh ieñhdg"

1' f.or lghq;= uekeúka ixúOdkh lsÍu

2' weiqre lrk msßig uekeúka ix.%y lsÍu

3' mrmqreI fiajkh fkdlsÍu

4' Wmhk ,o Okh wdrlaId lsÍu

5' iEu lghq;a;l u olaI ùu yd wk,ia ùu

hk lreKq bgq l< hq;= h'

wUq ieñ in|;d ì| jeàu ksid mjq,a ixia:dj uqyqK fokafka úYd, w¾nqohlg h'

tu ksid mjqf,a iduh o m%S;sh o ke;sù hhs' úYajdih m¿ÿ fõ' fuhska ¥ orefjda o

wirK fj;s' ks;r w`v onr we;sfõ' mjqf,a ÈhqKqj weK ysáhs' foúhl= yd foj`.kl

fuka wUq ieñhka Ôj;a jkq ±lSu nqÿ oyfï wfmalaIdjhs' by; olajk ,o idrO¾u

u; msysgd lghq;= lsÍu ieneúka u ta i|yd Wmldrhls' úYajdih o i;=g o

iduodkh o ;=<ska wUq ieñhkaf.a fuka u ¥ orejkaf.a o ÈhqKqj we;s lr .ekSug

ta Tiafia wjia:dj ie,fihs'

hy¿ - ñ;% in|;d

fm!oa.,sl lghq;=j, § fuka u fmdÿ lghq;=j, §;a ñ;%hskaf.a iydh wmg wjYH h'

ñ;%fhda fohdldr fj;s' iqyo;ajh we;s ñ;%hka fuka u jHdc ñ;=frda o fj;s' hym;a

ñ;%hka l,HdK ñ;%hka f,i;a jHdc ñ;%hka ñ;% m%;srEmlhka f,i;a nqÿ oyu


y÷kajd we;' l,HdK ñ;%hska weiqr;a ñ;% m%;srEmlhkaf.ka ÿria ùu;a fuf,dj

mrf,dj hym;g fya;= fõ' ñ;%hska w;r ukd in|;djla we;s ùug bjy,a jk

m%;sm;a;s oyhla nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd lr we;' hym;a ñ;=rka W;=re Èidj

f,i y÷kajd we;af;a Wjÿrej,ska tf;r lrkjdh hk w¾:fhks' ñ;=rkag mia

whqrlska l=, mq;%hka úiska ix.%y l< hq;= nj is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha olajd we;af;a

fufia h'

1' ñ;=rdg wjYH foa §u

2' m%sh jpkfhka l:d lsÍu

3' ÈhqKqj i|yd lghq;= lsÍu

4' iudkd;au;dj ±laùu

5' fkd/jàu

l=, mq;%hl= úiska ñ;=rka fjkqfjka bgq lrkq ,nk fuu hq;=lï fomlaIh w;r

iïnkaOh ;yjre lrhs' ;u hym;a ñ;%hskag by; whqßka ix.%y l< úg tA ñ;=frda

lreKq mylska fufia ix.%y lr;s'

1' ÿisßf;ys jeà m%udo jQ ñ;=rd wdrlaId lr .ekSu

2' tn÷ ñ;=rdf.a jia;=j wdrlaId lr §u

3' ìhg m;a ñ;=rd bka uqod .ekSu

4' úm;g m;a ñ;=rd w;a fkdyeÍu

5' ñ;=rdf.a wUqorejkag ie,lSu

fufia ñ;=rd úiska bgq lrkq ,nk hq;=lï l=, mq;%hdf.a hym; msKsi u fõ'

l,HdK ñ;% weiqr wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqjg fuka u ndysr ÈhqKqjg o fya;= fjhs' by;

±lajQ whqßka wfkHdakH hq;=lï bgq ùfuka Tjqfkdjqka w;r iqyo;dj j¾Okh fõ'

tfuka u ñ;% m%;srEmlhka y÷kd f.k Tjqkaf.ka wE;a j úiSu o wmf.a Ôú;fha

ÈhqKqjg fya;= fjhs' fndfyda fofkl= ÿlg m;a jkafka mdm ñ;% fiajkh ksid h'

l,HdK ñ;%hd iEu úg u ;u ñ;%hdf.a ÈhqKqj" i;=g" hym; u wfmalaId lrhs'

fiajH - fiajl in|;d

is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha fiajH - fiajl iïnkaOh mj;ajd .ekSfï m%Odk j.lSu mjrd

we;af;a fiajH mlaIhg h' tu iQ;%fha fiajl mlaIh y÷kajd § we;af;a hg ÈYdj

f,i h' thska woyia lrkafka l¾udka; jHdmdr wdÈfha ÈhqKqj r|d mj;skafka

wem lem ù l%shd lrk ld¾hY+r fiajl Yla;sh u;h hkakhs' fiajlhka ;Dma;su;a

jk whqßka l%shd lsÍu fiajHhkaf.a fyj;a ydïmq;=kaf.a hq;=lu nj nqÿrcdKka

jykafia foaYkd lr we;'


fiajHhd úiska fiajlhdg l< hq;= ix.%yh mia wdldr fõ'

1' fiajlhdf.a Yla;s m%udKhg jev mejÍu

2' iqÿiq mßÈ wdydr yd jegqma ,nd §u

3' fi!LH myiqlï imhd §u

4' ñysß wdydrmdk wdÈh ksis f,i fnod §u

5' iqÿiq wjia:djkays úfõl §u

fufia fiajHhd úiska bgq lrkq ,nk fuu lreKq fiajlhdf.a ÈhqKqj msKsi h'

fiajlhska iajdñhd flfrys ms<smeÈh hq;= wkaou lreKq mylska fufia olajd we;'

1' iajdñhdg m<uq j msì§u

2' iajdñhdg miq j ksod .ekSu

3' iajdñhd ÿka foa muKla .ekSu

4' jev lghq;= b;d fyd¢ka lsÍu

5' iajdñhdf.a .=K j¾Kkd lsÍu

fiajlhdf.a fï hq;=lï iajdñhdf.a ÈhqKqj msKsi h'

fiajH fiajl fomlaIh w;r wfkHdakH úYajdih" lemùu yd WmldÍ;ajh wdh;khl

ÈhqKqjg uy;a fia n,mdkakls' ydïmq;=ka yd fiajlhka fufia tlsfkldg hq;=lï

bgq lsÍu j¾;udkfha fndfyda wdh;kj, mj;sk fiajH fiajl .egqï j<lajd

.ekSug WmldÍ jkafka h' fomlaIhg u fiajd ia:dkh m%ikak ;ekla njg m;afõ'

fiajHhdf.a ksis ix.%yh ,efnk úg fiajlhd uy;a lemùfuka ;u hq;=lï bgq

lsÍug fm<fò' jxpksl l%shd wvq fõ' wdh;kfha ÈhqKqj" fiajH fiajl ÈhqKqjg

fuka u iudcfha ÈhqKqjg o rel=,la fõ'

.sys - meúÈ in|;d

±yeñ iudchl moku jkafka ukd .sys-meúÈ in|;djhs' .syshka w;r mej;sh hq;=

wfkHdakH in|;dj mj;ajk wkaou nqÿrcdKka jykafia is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha §

foaYkd lr we;' nqÿ oyfï .sys mlaIh Wmdil Wmdisld f,i o meúÈ mlaIh NslaIq

NslaIQKs f,i o y÷kajhs' .sys meúÈ fomsßi w;r in|;dj fmr lS mßÈ fiiq iudc

lKavdhï w;r mj;akd in|;djkag jvd W;a;Í;r ;;a;ajhla u; f.dv ke.S

we;' ta ksid u mQcH mlaIh Wv ÈYdj f,i ye¢kaù we;' ñksia j¾.hdf.a W;a;Í;r

njg bjy,a jk oyï u. fmkajd fok" meúÈ W;=uka wdrlaId lsÍu fuka u

fmdaIKh o .sys mlaIh úiska l< hq;= h' meúÈ W;=uka ;ukag wdñifhka ix.%y

lrk" ;uka wdrlaId lrk" fmdaIKh lrk .syshdg O¾u odkfhka ix.%y l<

hq;= h' .syshka meúoaokag l< hq;= ix.%yh iÈid kuialdrfhys fufia olajd we;'


1' ffu;%S iy.; j l%shd lsÍu

2' ffu;%S iy.; j l:d lsÍu

3' ffu;%S iy.; is;a my< lr .ekSu

4' ksjig meñKs úg i;=áka ms<s.ekSu

5' wdñifhka ix.%y lsÍu

.syshd bgq lrk fuu hq;=lï meúÈ W;=ukaf.a hy meje;aug fya;= fjhs' .sys

mlaIfhka fufia ix.%y flfrk úg meúÈ mlaIh yh wdldrhlska .syshkag ix.%y

l< hq;== h'

1' múka je<elaùu

2' hym;a l%shdj, fhoùu

3' fyd| ys;ska u wkqlïmd lsÍu

4' wid fkdue;s foh lshd §u

5' wid we;s foh jvd;a meyeÈ,s lr §u

6' iq.;shg u. fmkaùu

fuu lreKq ihska meúÈ mlaIh .syshd fj; ;u hq;=lï bgq lsÍu .syshdf.a hym;

msKsi fõ'

NslaIQka jykafia,df.ka yd NslaIqKSka jykafia,df.ka iukaú; jQ fn!oaO meúÈ

iudch o Wmdil Wmdisldjkaf.ka hq;a .sys iudch o w;r we;s iïnkaOh iïnqoaO

Ydikfha fuka u .sys iudcfha o msÍySu j<ld,kakls¦ ÈhqKqj Wodlrjkakls'

mrudo¾YS meúÈ W;=uka .syshka úiska rlaIKh" fmdaIKh l< hq;= h' th fomlaIhg

u M,odhl fjhs' tfia u meúÈ W;=uka úiska o ish odhlldrld§ka jk .sys

iudchg wjYH hym;a u. fmkaùï l< hq;= h'

fufia by; olajk ,o Èid jYfhka ih wdldr jQ;a msßia jYfhka fodf<dia

wdldr jQ;a iudc fldÜGdi w;r tlsfkldg bgq l< hq;= hq;=lï fyj;a ix.%yhka

ksis mßÈ bgq lsÍu iudc hym;g úúOdldrfhka n,mdhs' tlsfkl iudc

lKavdhï w;r wfkHdakH úYajdih" ne£u we;s fõ' yqol,d nj myj hhs' ñ;%;ajh

f.dv kef.a' ÿl - iem fnod yodf.k Ôj;a fjhs' wfkHdakH úril ùï" .egqï"

ì| jeàï iudcfhka ;=rka fõ' iduh iu.sh ;yjqre fjhs' f,dj wNsjDoaêhg o

iemj;a ùug o fya;=jla fõ' fufia iuia; iudcfha u ÈhqKqjg wfkHdakH hq;=lï

bgq lsÍu W.kajk iÈid kuialdrh" buy;a msájy,la jk nj lsj yels h'


idrdxYh

iudc lKavdhï w;r wfkHdakH iïnkaOh iudchl hymeje;afï mokuhs' tA

i|yd iÈid kuialdrh ;=<ska is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha isÿ lr we;s u. fmkaùu b;d

jeo.;a h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia ta ta iudc fldgia w;r bgq úh hq;= hq;=lï

iúia;r j is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha § foaYkd lr we;' tajd ksis f,i bgq lsÍfuka iudc

iyfhda.h iduh fuka u ÈhqKqj yd i;=g o <`.d lr .; yels nj ksiel j u lsj

yels h'

l%shdldrlu

1' mx;sh lKavdhï yhlg fn§ iÈidfjka olajk hq;=lï fjk fjku ,shd

olajkak'

2' hq;=lï bgq fkdlsÍfuka mqoa., ÈhqKqj fuka u iudc ÈhqKqj o ì|

jefgk wdldrh l=uk fyda iudc lKavdhula ksoiqkla f,i f.k

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mejreu

ud;d ms;d Èid mqínd

wdpßhd olaÅKd Èid

mq;a;odrd Èid mÉPd

ñ;a;duÉpd p W;a;rd

odi lïulrd fyÜGd

WoaOx iuK n%dyauKd

tA;d Èid kuiafihah

w,u;af:da l=f,a .sys îs.df,dajdo iQ;%h&

hk .:dj lg mdvï lr tys we;=<;a lreKq B igyklska fmkajd fokak'


fk¿u fyj;a mshqu hkq iqkaor mqIamhls' nqÿ oyfuys fkdfhla ;ek fk¿u Wmud

fldg oyï foid ;sfí' fk¿ï w,h me< ù fk¿ï .i jefvkafka uv iys;

wmsßisÿ c,fhys h' tfy;a tys yg .kakd fk¿u msßisÿ h' fkdmeyem;a uv Èfhys

meyem;a fk¿u úlis; fõ' fufia ufvys yg f.k thska u fmdaIKh ,enQj o

tys fkd.Eù bka Wvg u;=ù iqisks÷ j iqj|j;a j m%ikak j fk¿ï u, úlis; fõ'

fk¿u olsk wm is;aj, WmÈkafka myka is;=ú,s h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia meyem;a"

iqisks÷ fk¿ï u,la jeks hehs nqÿ oyu meyeÈ,s lrhs' Wka jykafia wmsßisÿ

uv f.dfydrej weiqre lr .;a c,l|la fuka rd.d§ flf,iaa u, ksid ¥Is; j

isák ñksiqka iys; jQ fï f,dalfhys jev isáhy' tfy;a tA flf,ia uv j.=frys

fkd.s¨Ky' rd.d§ ish¨ flf,ia u,ska f;dr j Wka jykafia nen¿fKa uv iys;

c,fha fkd;ejÍ by<g u;= jQ fk¿ï u,la fia h'

fødaK hkq nuqfKls' ñksiqkaf.a wx. ,laIK n,d Tjqka y÷kd .; yels Ydia;%hla

fyf;u ±k isáfha h' Èkla uy u. i,l=Kq ù ;snQ mshigykla ±l fyf;u

úuis,su;a úh' tfy;a .uka fldg we;af;a ljfrl= ±hs ±k .ekSug fødaK nuqKdg

fkdyels úh' fyf;u mshigyka wkqj mshjr ;enQ ;eke;a;d fidhñka .uka

lf<a h' wjik Tyqg yuq jQfha m%fndaOj;a j yd ikaiqka j .ila uq, jev isá

nqÿrcdKka jykafia h' Wka jykafia ljfrla ±hs ±k .kq leu;s jQ fødaK Tn

foúfhla o" .dkaO¾jfhla o" hlaIfhla o" ukqIHfhla ±hs ms<sfj<ska úuid isá

kuq;a Wka jykafia jodf<a ;ud ta lsisfjl= fkdjk nj h' nqoaO kï jk nj h'

foúfhda o" .dkaO¾jfhda o" hlaIfhda o" ukqIfhda o rd.d§ flf,ia iys; is;a

we;af;da h' tfy;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia rd.d§ flf,ia u,ska f;dr jQ msßisÿ is;a

we;s W;=ul= jk fial' úf,ys yg .kakd fk¿ï jqj o úúOdldr h' iuyr fk¿ï

ufvys u yg f.k ufvys u je;sÍ uv Èh iu. tla j fmdl=Kq m;=f,ys u /£ isà'

iuyr fk¿ï uv c,h iu. iu j isà' uv iys; fmdl=Kq m;af,ka by<g ke.=Kq

uv Èh blaujd hdug tu fk¿ï wiu;a j we;' fï w;r ufvys yg f.k thska u

hefmk iuyr fk¿ï th blaujd by<g u;= ù isà' úlis; j m%fndaOj;a j nn<hs'

uv Èfhys fkd.Efõ' flf,ia u, we;s úúOdldr jQ i;a;ajhska jik fï f,dalh o

uv c,h msreKq fmdl=Kla jeks h' tys iuyr fk¿ï u,a fuka iuyr ñksiaiq

flf,ia uv j.=frys u we,S .e,S isá;s' thska .e,ù biau;= ùug wiu;a fj;s' ;j;a

iuyre uv Èh yd iu j isák fk¿ï fuka flf,ia yd iu j isà' thska by<g

ta flf,ia u, blaujd hdug wiu;a fj;s' tfy;a uv j;=frka by<g u;=ù tys

reÿre ñksiqka w;r

fjuq wms fid÷re ñksiqka10


fkd.Eù isák fk¿ï u,a fuka nqoaOd§ W;=fuda flf,ia uv j;=frka by<g ke.S tys

fkd.Eù jev ji;s' tu Ôú;h ye¢kafjkafka moaudldr Ôú;h hkqfjks'

iudcfha iuyre b;d fkdÈhqKq wju fm!reI we;af;da h' Tjqka ufvys u .e,S isák

fk¿ï fmdfydÜgq jeks h' ;j;a iuyre uOHu j¾Okh iys; fm!reI we;af;da h'

Tjqka uv c,h yd iu j isák fk¿ï fmdfydÜgq jeks h' nqoaOd§ W;=fuda W;a;u

fm!reI we;af;da h' Wka jykafia,d .; lrkafka moaudldr Ôú;hls' flf,ia

iys; mqyqÿka ñksia iudch ;=< u bmso thska u hemS th blaujd tys fkd.eà

jev isàug Wka jykafia,d iu;a j we;s nj wuq;=fjka lsj hq;= fkdfõ' nqoaO

Y%djlfhda o tA wkqj .sfhda h' wkaO jQ mqyqÿka ñksiqka w;r nqoaO Y%djlhd uy u.

wi, le,s li, u;af;ys we;s iqj|j;a iqkaor fk¿ula fia kqjKska nn<kafka h'

fn!oaOhka jk wmf.a mrudo¾Yh jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafia;a" kslaf,aYS jQ

Y%djlhska jykafia,d;a h' tu wdo¾Yh wkqj wmf.a is;=ï" me;=ï yd yeisÍï ilia

lr .; hq;= fjhs' mqoa.,hd keue;s fk¿u úlis; jkafka ñksia iudch keue;s

fmdl=fKa h' wms ieu tu fmdl=fKys ye§ jevqKq ñksiqka fjuq' wmf.a Wm;"

ms<sis| .ekSu yd ìys ùu wmsßisÿ h' wm ye§ jefvkafka o" úhm;a jkafka o"

wOHdmkh ,nkafka o" Èkqï - merÿï" jdis - wjdis" kskaod - m%YxidÈh ú¢kafka o"

i;=áka fuka u wi;=áka jikafka o fï iudch ;=< u h' wúoHdfjka wkaO jQ

rd.d§ flf,iaj,ska ¥Is; jQ f,dalh ;=< h' tfy;a fn!oaOhka jYfhka wm tu

f,dalfha u we,S .e,S isàu w÷ßka w÷rg hduls' ÿlska ÿlg u m;a ùuls' jrÈka

jrog u fm<öuls' nqoaOd§ W;=ukaf.a wdo¾Yh wkqj iudcfha isák wms wmsßisÿ uv

c,h blaujd .sh fk¿ula fuka iudch blaujd hd hq;= h' wúoHd ;DIaKdÈfhys u

we,S.e,S fkdisg bka Tíng hd hq;= h' iir ÿflys u fkd.e,S by<g u;= úh

hq;= h' wju yd uOHu fm!reI we;a;jqka fkdù Wmßu fm!reIh fj; <`.d úh

hq;= h'

f,dalh wkqfida;.dó h' .`. my<g u we§hkafka h' ñksiaiq rd.fhka rd.hg u

h;s' oafõYfhka oafõYhg u h;s' fudayfhka fudayhg u h;s' ldufhka lduhg u

h;s' ffjrfhka ffjrhg u h;s' nqÿ oyu máfida;.dó h' tkï wm há.ï n,d

hdu yermshd Wvq.ï n,d hdug fmd<Ujkafka h' ¥Is; iudch ;=< u /£ thg u

wkq.; ùu wkqjKluls' kqjKe;a;d ¥Is; iudcfha w¥Is; ;eke;af;ls' ÿisß;a

lrk ñksiqka iys; iudcfha iqisß;a jvk ;eke;af;l= fõ' wl=i,a lrk ñksiqka

w;r l=i,a lrkakl= fjhs' mõlï lrkakjqka w;r msxlï lrkakl= fjhs' th

moaudldr Ôú;h wkq.ukh lsÍuls' nqÿrcdKka jykafia yd Wka jykafiaf.a

Y%djlhska wdo¾Yhg .ekSuls' —ffjr lrkakjqka w;r ffjr fkdlr wms iqjfia

jikafkuq' wffjÍ j Ôj;a jkafkuq' rd.d§ flf,ia ksid frda.S jQ ñksiqka w;r

wms flf,ia f,v fkdue;s j iqjfia jikafkuq' kSfrda.S j Ôj;a jkafkuq' mialï

iem fiùfuys u Wkkaÿ jkakka w;r wms tn÷ Wkkaÿjlska f;dr j iqjfia Ôj;a

jkafkuq' W;aiql ñksiqka w;r wkq;aiql j jdih lrkafkuq˜ hehs nqÿrcdKka

jykafia jod<y'


mdi,a isiqka jk wms o iudcfha fldgialrefjda fjuq' iudch ;=< fkdfhla

wdldrfha ÿisß;a wmrdO nyq, j we;s nj wms oksuq' tfy;a tfia ÿisß;a lrk

ñksiqka w;r iqisß;a jvñka Èú f.jkakg wm iu;a úh hq;= h' wmg iudcfhka

m,d f.dia yqol,dj isáh fkdyels h' úúO ÿn,;d iys; úúO fkdmk;alï

nyq, je/È l%shdj,ska hqla; jQ úúOdldr ñksia pß; we;s iudcfha u wm o Ôj;a

úh hq;= h' tfy;a fn!oaO orejka jYfhka tn÷ iudchl Ôj;a jk wm j. n,d

.; hq;af;a th blaujd hdughs' iudc úfrdaë" úkh úfrdaë yd kS;s úfrdaë

ls%hdjka wm jgd isÿ fjoa§;a ta lsisfjl fkd.eà fkdwe,S ta ish,a, u blaujd .sh

fm!reIhla f.dvk.d .ekSug wm iu;a úh hq;= h' tfuka u wm iu. Ôj;a jk

fkdfhl=;a je/Èj,g fm<fUk wmf.a ys;ñ;=rka o bka uqojd .ekSug wm l%shd

l< hq;= h' mj;sk wúêu;a wmsßisÿ iudc m%jdyhg u yiq fkdù th blaujd hdu"

uv f.dfydre iudc l%ufha u ;j;a iudðlhl= fkdùu wmf.a j.lSuhs' tfia l%shd

lrkakd moaudldr Ôú;hla .; lrkafkls'

idrdxYh

nqoaOd§ W;=fuda uv Èfhys bmso bka u;= jQ úlis; mshqï jekafkda h' tu moaudldr

Ôú;h wm o wdo¾Yhg .; hq;= h' ñksiaiq mjg keUqre ù f,daN" fodai" fuday

wd§ is;=ú,sj,ska hqla; j úúO ¥IK" wmrdO wd§ wl%ñl;dj, ksr; fj;s' wmf.a

j.lSu jkafka tn÷ je/È lrkakjqka w;r ksje/È foa lsÍuhs' je/È nyq, iudchl

ksje/È Ôú;hla .; lsÍuhs' wmsßisÿ is;a i;ka we;s ñksiqka w;r msßisÿ is;a i;ka

we;s j úiSuhs' th nqoaOd§ W;=ukaf.a wdo¾Yhhs' moaudldr Ôú;hhs'

l%shdldrlu

1' moau Wmudj wkqj nqÿrÿka jod< ;s%úO mqoa.,hska kï lrkak'

2' moaudldr Ôú;h nqÿ isßf;a WodyrK folla weiqßka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

3 YsIHhl= jYfhka Tn o moaudldr Ôú;hla .; l< hq;af;a flfia ±hs myokak'


mqyqKqjg

iqiqLx j; Ôjdu - fõßfkaiq wfõßfkda

fõßfkaiq ukqiafiaiq - úyrdu wfõßfkda

Ôïu moh - iqL j.a.h&

wms ffjr lrkakjqka w;r wffjÍ j iqjfia jdih lruq'


iyÔjkh kï idufhka" iu.sfhka" iyfhda.fhka Ôj;a ùuhs' tluq;= j lghq;=

lsÍuhs' th ñksia iudchl ;sìh hq;= Wiia ,laIKhla f,i nqÿoyu i,lhs'

—iujdfhda tj idOQ˜ iu.sh u hym;s' —iu.a.d fyda: ud újo:˜ iu.s jkak

újdo fkdlrkak fï nqÿrcdKka jykafia § we;s Wmfoia h' wiu.sfha wd§kj

fuka u iu.sfha wdksYxi o nqoaO foaYkdj,;a fn!oaO l:d jia;=j,;a W.kajd

;sfí' iu.sfhka yd i;=áka újdo fkdlr lsß iy c,h fuka mEyS tluq;= j

tlsfkld foi m%sh weiska n,ñka Ôj;a ùu nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska fkdfhla

úg w.h lr ;sfí'

fn!oaO b.ekaùï wkqj tn÷ iduhla" iu.shla" iyÔjkhla we;s ùug kï wm

we;eï ydkslr wdl,amj,ska neyer úh hq;= h' tfia u fndfyda hym;a wdl,am jeä

ÈhKq lr.; hq;= h' wd.u" cd;sh" l=,h jeks lreKq uq,a fldg f.k tlsfkld

foi ffjrfhka" fkdi;=áka ne,Su nqÿ oyu wkqu; fkdlrhs' nqÿrcdKka jykafia

wjjdofhka fuka u wdo¾Yfhka o úúO wd.ï iy cd;s ksfhdackh lrk ñksiqka

iu. iyÔjkfhka lghq;= lsÍug u. fmkajQy' ;uka fj; meñKs fjk;a u;OdÍka

iqyo j ms<sf.k §¾> f,i idlÉPd l<y' we;eï úg Tjqka ±rE u;j, wvqmdvq

fmkajd ÿka kuqÿ iqyo;ajh ke;s lr fkd.;ay' tfia u we;eï úg fjk;a ck

fldgia w;r iïNdjkdjg ,la jQ fyd| foa ms<s.;ay' tn÷ foa fn!oaOhka úiska o

wkq.ukh l< hq;= hehs jod< wjia:d ;sfí' tfia u Wka jykafia fjk;a u;jdo

bjiQy' ksr;=re j u ueÿï ms<sfj; .re lrñka l%shd l<y' wkH wd.ñl wdrduj,g

mjd jevu lrñka fjk;a wd.ñl W;=uka iu. iqyo idlÉPd isÿ l<y' iuyr

wd.ñl W;=uka nqÿrcdKka jykafia yuqjg meñKs ieá o" b;d WKqqiqï f,i .re

isß;a fmr±ß j Wka jykafia ms<s.;a ieá o iQ;% foaYkdj, úia;r fõ'

fn!oaO b.ekaùï wkqj iir ÿlg cd;shla" wd.ula fyda l=,hla ke;' ish¨ cd;s

wd.ï l=,j,g wh;a j ñksiaiq WmÈ;s' f,v frda. wdÈfhka mSvd ú¢;s' uy¨ ù ñh

h;s' wm%shhka yd tla ùug;a" m%shhkaf.ka fjka ùug;a Tjqka ieug isÿ fõ' leue;s

foa fkd,eîu;a ish¨ ñksiqkag Wreu h' nqÿoyfï uQ,sl wjOdkh fhduq ù we;af;a

fulS iir ÿl .ekhs' cd;sh" wd.u" l=,h" l=ula jqj o ñksia j¾.hd bÈßfha we;s

uQ,sl uyd .eg¨j kï iir ÿl h' ÿl" ÿl we;s ùu" ÿl ke;s lsÍu" ÿl ke;s

lsÍfï u. b.ekafjk p;=rd¾h i;H O¾uh ;=< cd;shla" wd.ula .ek lshfjkafka

ke;' ;%s,laIKh o tfia h' ish,a, wks;H h" tneúka ÿla iys; h' wkd;au h'

tys § o cd;s wd.ï wd§ fjkialï wod< fkdfõ' máÉp iuqmamdoh fyj;a fya;=M,

wfmalu iy iyÔjkh11


O¾uh o ish¨ cd;Skag wd.ñlhkag fmdÿ h' fufia uQ,sl fn!oaO b.ekaùï lsisjl

cd;s wd.ï l=, fyda fjk;a úfYaI;ajhka .ek wjOdkh fhduq lr ke;' fn!oaO

m%;smodj o tf,iska u cd;sl wd.ñl úIu;dj,ska f;dr jQjls' mxpYS,h tla

ksoiqkla fõ' mrmK keiSu mdmhla" jrola f,i W.kajk nqÿ oyu cd;sh wd.u

fyda i;a;aj fldÜGdih l=ula jqj o th iir ÿla we;s lrk" wm úiska fkdl< hq;="

w;ay< hq;= mdmhla f,i fmkajd § we;' ysxikh o thg u we;=<;a h' fï whqßka

wka i;= foa .ekSfuka" lduñ;Hdpdrfha fh§fuka" /jàfuka" ljr ;eke;af;l=g

fyda ydks lsÍu nqÿ oyu wkqu; fkdlrhs' tys § l=uk wd.ulg fyda cd;shlg fyda

wh;a jqj o ñksfil=g tn÷ wjevla lsÍfuka j<lsk f,i W.kajhs'

nqÿ oyfuys b.ekafjk odkh" cd;sh" wd.u ie,ls,a,g f.k l< hq;a;la fkdfõ'

ljr cd;shlg" wd.ulg wh;a jqj o ñksfil=g fyd| ys;ska i;=áka oka §u"

mß;Hd. lsÍu mskaluls' ms%h jpk l:d lsÍfï § o wd.ï cd;s wd§ fjkialï

fkdie,fla' ljr cd;slfhl=" wd.ñlfhl= jqj o fndrefjka /jàu" fla,ñka

ì|ùu" ysia jokska uq,d lsÍu" r¿ jokska fjfyig m;a lsÍu jrols¦ mdmhls'

w¾:p¾hdj hkq wkqkaf.a ÈhqKqjg Wojq lsÍuhs' tys § cd;s" wd.ï i,ld ne,sh hq;=

hehs lshd ke;' iudkd;au;dfjka ix.%y lrñka cd;sl wd.ñl iu.sh" iyÔjkh

f.dvk.d .ekSug by; lS isjq i`.rdj; u. fmkajhs'

isjq nU úyrK o tf,iska u cd;sl" wd.ñl fjkialïj,ska f;dr h' nqÿrcdKka

jykafia jod< ffu;s%h ish¨ i;a;ajhkaghs' ys;j;a whg fuka u wys;j;a whg o

fn!oaOfhda fu;a jv;s¦ fi; iem; Ydka;sh ,efíjdhs is;;s¦ lreKdj olaj;s¦ ljr

cd;shlg wd.ulg wh;a jqj o ñksfil=f.a ÿll § lïmkh fj;s¦ wkqlïmd lr;s¦

ohdj olaj;s¦ ldf.a jqj o ÈhqKqfõ § i;=gq fj;s¦ B¾IHd fkdlr;s¦ wl=,a fkdfy,;s'

cd;sl wd.ñl úúO;ajh ;=< fn!oaOfhda WfmalaId iy.; fj;s¦ uOHia: j is;;s'

w;a;+mkdhsl O¾u m¾hdh fyj;a ;ud Wmud fldg wkqka .ek is;kakg W.kajd

we;s nqÿ oyug cd;sh" wd.u ms<sn| úIu;d wod< jkafka ke;'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia lsis úgl;a iuld,Sk j mej;s wd.ñl woyiaj,g tfrys

fkdjQy' od¾Yksl j tajd úfõpkh lsÍu tfrys ùula fkdfõ' WfmalaIdfjka yd

iudkd;au;dfjka hq;= j ueÿï ms<sfj; u; msysgd l%shd l< Wka jykafia fjk;a

wd.ïj,g wjYH f.!rjh ±lajQy' fn!oaOhka jk wm tu wdo¾Yh u; lghq;=

lsÍu w.fka h' fjk;a wd.ïj,g fuka u wd.ñl isoaOia:dkj,g o .re lsÍu;a

ydks fkdlsÍu;a wmf.a hq;=lula fjhs' wmg wm ms<s.kakd wd.u oyu wkqj lghq;=

lsÍug ksoyi we;a;d fia u wka wd.ñlhkag o tu ksoyi we;s nj isys ;nd

.; hq;a;ls' tA wkqj fjk;a cd;sj,g wd.ïj,g wh;a ck fldgia iu. iqyo j

ñ;%YS,S j lghq;= lsÍug nqÿ isßf;ka o nqÿ oyñka o wmg u. fmkajd ;sfí' fuu

b.ekaùï weiqßka fmdaIKh jqKq w;S; Y%S ,dxflah fn!oaOfhda" wkHd.ñlhka" wkH

cd;slhka iu. iqyo j Ôj;a jQy' wd.ñl iu.sh hkq ish¨ wd.ï weoySu fkdfõ'

iEu wd.ulska u W.kajkafka tl u fohls hk ir, yd je/È ms<s.ekSu o fkdfõ'


ta nj fyd¢ka ±k isá Y%S ,dxflah fn!oaOhd lf<a wkHd.ñl W;aij ;uka úiska

mj;ajkq ,eîu fkdfõ¦ wkHd.ñlhkag ;u wd.ñl lghq;= ksoyfia lr .ekSug

ndOd fkdlrñka ;u fn!oaO ms<sfj;a ukd j ms<sme§uhs' wkkH;dj iq/lSu hkq

thhs' iu.sh fjkqfjka ;ukaf.alu" wfmalu mdjd §u Y%S ,dxflah fn!oaOhdf.a

isß; fkdfõ'

fn!oaOhka jYfhka wm l< hq;af;a ±yeñ /lshdjka h' w±yeñ Ofkdamdhkh

w;ayer ±yeñ Ofkdamdhkfhka îïud wdÔjfhka& Ôj;a ùug nqÿ oyu W.kajhs'

tkï ;udg fuka u wkqkag o wjevla fkdjk Èú meje;auhs' fuu b.ekaùu u;

ish Ôjk rgdj f.dvk.d .;a Y%S ,dxlsl fn!oaOhd uq,a ;ek ÿkafka lDIsl¾uh"

fjf<|du jeks ±yeñ /lshdjkag h' oE; fomh fjfyijd oyÈh j.=rjd yß yïn

lr .ekSu uÈ mqxÑ lula f,i fkdie,lS h' l=Uqf¾" fyafka wiajekak ish,a, u

fk<d .;af;a ke;' l=re,a,kag o fldgila b;sß lsÍu isß; úh' j.d md¨ lrk

i;=ka urd ±óu fjkqjg lf<a Tjqkaf.ka j.dj wdrlaId lr .ekSug fjk;a Wml%u

Ndú; lsÍuhs' .jhka we;s lrkafka uia msKsi fkdj lDIs ld¾ñl lghq;= i|yd

iy lsß ,nd .ekSug h' uig i;=ka we;s fkdlsÍu wfma wkkH;djhs'

w¨;a wjqreÿ W;aijh ye¢kafjkafka isxy, fou< hk úfYaIK mo iys; j h'

tys § wm uq,a ;ek fokafka isxy, yd fn!oaO isß;a úß;aj,g h' mqKH ld,h

.; lrkafka f;rejk jkaokd lrñka ujqmshka jeäysáhka lud lr .ksñka h'

kEoEhka w;r" wi,ajdiSka w;r wiu.slï ke;s lr .ekSug" iqyo;dj jeä lr


.ekSug wjqreÿ pdß;% fhdod .ekSu wfma isß; h' iqrdjg iQÿjg uq,a ;ek §u wfma

wkkH;dj ke;s lr .ekSuls'

.xj;=r" iq<s iq<x" kdh hEï" ksh.h wdÈ iajdNdúl úm;aj,g cd;shla ke;" wd.ula

ke;" l=,hla ke;' iqkdñ jHikh óg fyd| u ksoiqkls' tys § f,dalfha rgj,a

rdYshl o Y%S ,xldfõ Èia;%slal .Kkdjl o úiQ úúO wd.ï weoyQ úúO cd;Skag

wh;a ñksiaiq úm;g m;a jQy¦ wx.úl, jQy¦ ish¨ iïm;a wysñ jQy' wirK jQy¦ úúO wd.ïj,g yd fkdfhla cd;Skag we;=<;a mjq,aj, fndfyda orefjda o úúO

úm;aj,g uqyqK ÿkay' fun÷ wdmodmkak wjia:djl § wm l%shd l< hq;af;a

ksielj u iyÔjkfhks" iudkd;au;dfjks" iu.sfhks' cd;sh" wd.u ie,ls,a,g

f.k fkdfõ' tn÷ wdmod j<lajd .; yelafla o tn÷ úm;lska ñÈh yelafla o wm

tfia l%shd lsÍfuks' tldjka j lem ùfuka lghq;= lrñka tlsfkldg Wmldr lrñka

jdo fNao w;ayer tluq;= j lghq;= lsÍuhs" wm l< hq;af;a' fuu wkkH;dj ukd j

m%lg lrñka Y%S ,dxflah fn!oaO ck;dj l%shd l< whqre iqkdñ jHikfha § olakg

,eìKs' iafõÉPdfjka u ixúOdkh ù wdmodmkak m%foaYj,g f.dia cd;sl;ajh"

wd.ñl Ndjh fkdúuid wirKhkag Wmldr l< w;r tys § uq,a ;ek .;af;a

mkai, h'

mdi," frday," nia kej;=u yd tys we;s ish¨ foa fuka u ux udj;a wdÈh o wm

ldg;a fmdÿ h' tAjd ;kd we;af;a tla cd;shlg wh;a fyda tla wd.ula woyk

ñksiqka i|yd fyda fkdfõ' wm ish¨ fokd i|yd h' tajdhska fiajh ie,fikafka o

wm ish¨ fokdg u h' tn÷ fmdÿ foam< yd fiajd ia:dkj,g cd;shla wd.ula ke;'

tneúka tajdg ydks fkdlsÍu;a" tajd /l .ekSu;a ish¨ cd;Skag" ish¨ wd.ñlhkag

wh;a hq;=luls' tn÷ lghq;=j, § o wmg cd;sl wd.ñl iyÔjkh wjYH fjhs' wm

fn§ issáh fyd;a tAjd /l .; fkdyels h' tajdhska ksis m%fhdack .ekSug o bvla

fkd,efí'

fufia nqÿ oyu o nqÿ isß; o wkqj wm cd;sl wd.ñl iyÔjkfhka l%shd lrk

w;r u wmf.a wkkH;dj o /l .ekSug j. n,d .; hq;= h' wmg wfmalula we;'

wfkla wd.ñlhkag yd cd;slhkag o Tjqkaf.alula we;' Tjqka úiska o Tjqkaf.a

wd.u" cd;sh" isß;a-úß;a" mQckSh ia:dk wdÈh /l .; hq;=jdla fuka u wm úiska

wmf.a wd.u" cd;sh" isß;a-úß;a yd isoaOia:dk wdrlaId lr .; hq;= h' wmg u wh;a

ixialD;shla ;sfí' th /l .ksñka thg wkq.; j l%shd lsÍfï hq;=lula wmg we;'

mdi,a isiqka jYfhka wm ish¨ wd.ñlhka yd cd;slhka iu. iyÔjkfhka lghq;=

lrk w;r u wmf.a wkkH;dj fyj;a wfmalu /l .ekSug o lghq;= l< hq;= h'


idrdxYh

cd;sl wd.ñl iyÔjkh nqÿ oyu lsisfia;a u neyer fkdlrhs' ñksiqka jYfhka wm

ish¨ fokd tla j Ôj;a úh hq;= h' p;=rd¾h i;Hh" máÉp iuqmamdoh" ;%s,laIKh

jeks uQ,sl fn!oaO b.ekaùïj,g cd;shla ke;' wd.ula o ke;' nqÿ oyfuys

b.ekafjk mxpYS,h" isjq i`.rdj;" isõ nU úyrK jeks b.ekaùï ;=< o

cd;sl wd.ñl fjkila fkd±lafõ' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska o cd;sl wd.ñl

iyÔjkfha jeo.;alu wdo¾Yfhka fmkajd § we;' tneúka cd;sl wd.ñl

fjkialï fkdi,ld ñksiqka jYfhka wdmodmkak wjia:dj, § o fmdÿ foam<

mßyrKfha § o iyÔjkfhka lghq;= lrñka fjk;a wd.ïj,g yd isoaOia:dkj,g

.re lrñka l%shd lsÍu fndÿ orejka jk wmf.a hq;=luhs'

l%shdldrlu

1'& nyqcd;sl nyqwd.ñl iudchl iyÔjkfhka lghq;= lsÍug u. fmkajk

fn!oaO b.ekaùï folla y÷kajd fokak'

2'& nyqcd;sl nyqwd.ñl mßirhla ;=< fmdÿ foam< /l .ekSug wod< jev

ms<sfj<la i|yd fhdckd bÈßm;a lrkak'

3'& /lshdjla f;dard .ekSfï § Y%S ,dxlsl fn!oaO wkkH;dj iq/lSu i|yd Tnf.a

wjOdkh fhduq flfrkafka l=uk lreKq flfrys ±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mejreu

wkH wd.ñl ia:dkhla keröug f.dia tys § Tjqka Tn ms<s.;a wdldrh" Tn iu.

Tjqka lghq;= l< wdldrh iy Tn Ôú;hg w¨;ska tla lr .;a foa weiqßka Ñ;%hla"

lú mx;shla" ,smshla fyda Ñ;% l:djla ks¾udKh lr ì;a;s mqj;amf;a m%o¾Ykh

lrkak'


nqÿrcdKka jykafia ieje;a kqjr foõrï fjfyr jev jik iufhys Èfkl iqN

kï udkjfhla Wka jykafia yuqjg meñKsfha h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia iu. i;=áka

l;dnia fldg tl;amia j isá iqN fufia úuiS h'

—Nj;a f.!;uhka jykai" fï ñksia f,dalfha Ôj;a jk yeu fokd u tl iudk

keye' iuyrekag wdhqI wvqhs' iuyrekag jeähs' iuyrekag f,v ÿla wvqhs'

iuyrekag jeähs' iuyre fkdmeyem;a" iuyre meyem;a' fï úÈhg w,afmaYdLH

yd ufyaYdLH" ÿmam;a yd fmdfydi;a" iudc iïu;fhka my;a yd Wiia" kqjK wvq

yd jeä" ñksiaiq bkakjd' fï úÈyg f,dafla ñksiqka w;r fjkialï we;s fjkak

fya;=j fudlla o@˜

nqÿrcdKka jykafia iqN udkjlhdg foaYkd lf<a i;a;ajhka Wia my;a jYfhka

fnokq ,nkafka l¾uh úiska njhs' l¾uh hkq l%shdj h' is;d u;d lrkq ,nk

l%shdj h' uyfKks" uu fÉ;kdj u l¾uh hehs lshñ hs nqÿrcdKka jykafia ;j;a

úfgl jod<y' fï wkqj i;a;ajhska my;a fyda Wiia hehs fnokq ,nkafka is; fhduq

lsÍfuka f;dr j lrkq ,nk l%shdj fkdfõ' ifÉ;ksl l%shdj h' ñksiaiq tfia

lrkq ,nk l%shdjkays ysñlrefjda fj;s' Tjqyq th u odhdo fldg we;af;da h' th u

lrKfldg we;af;da h' th u {d;s fldg" ms<sirK fldg we;af;da h' is;du;d

lrkq ,nk ta ta l%shdjka wkqj u ñksiaiq by; lS mßÈ Wiia my;a ;;a;ajhka

,nkafkda h'

nqÿ oyu wkqj ñksiqkaf.a ifÉ;ksl l%shdjka m%lg jk" l%shd;aul jk fodrgq

;=kls' m<uq jekak lhhs" tkï oE;a" fomd yd ldhsl w`.mi`.hs' YÍrhhs' fojekak

jpk Ndú;hhs' fyj;a l:d nyhs' f;jekak ukihs' fÉ;kdjhs' fï wkqj l¾uh

;=ka wdldr h'

1' ldh lïu ^lhska isÿ jk ifÉ;ksl l%shd&

2' jÖ lïu ^jpkfhka isÿ jk ifÉ;ksl l%shd&

3' ufkda lïu ûkiska isÿ jk ifÉ;ksl l%shd&

fufia ;sfodßka lrk l¾u kej; fohdldr fjhs' tkï wl=i, l¾u yd l=i,

l¾u hkqfjks' iqN udkjlhdg tod nqÿrÿka jod< mßÈ wl=i, l¾u fyj;a iir

ÿla Wmojk krl wjevodhl ifÉ;ksl l%shd oi jeoEreï h'

l¾uh iy tys m%fNaoye¢k .ksuq

12


oi wl=i, l¾u kñka ye`Èkafjk tu ifÉ;ksl l%shdjka is; lh jpkh hk

;sfodßka m%lg jkafka fufia h'

1' m%dK>d; î;aj >d;kh" ysxidj&

2' wo;a;dodkh ^fidrlu" wkqkaf.a foa .ekSu& & ldh lïu

3' lduñ;Hdpdrh ^jerÈ ldu fiajkh" mrodr fiajkh&

4' uqidjdo ^fndrelSu" wkqka /jàu&

5' msiqkdjdp ^fla,dï lSu" wkqka ì`ÿùu& & jÖ lïu

6' mreidjdp ^mreI jpk lSu" r¿ jpk lSu&

7' iïmmam,dm ^ysia jpk lSu" ksire joka foãu&

8' wNsOHdj ^±ä f,daNh" uiqre nj&

9' jHdmdoh ^;ryj& & ufkda lïu

10'ñ;HdoDIaáh ^je/È ±lSu" je/È jegySu&

iir iem Wmojk jevodhl l%shd l=i, l¾u kï fõ' by; olajk ,o m%dK>d;

wo;a;dodkd§ oi jeoEreï wl=i, l%shdjkaf.ka je<lSu oi l=i,l¾u kñka

W.kajkq ,efí' wl=i,a fkdjkafka l=i,a h'

by; olajk ,o l=i,dl=i, l¾u lsÍug mqoa.,hd fmd<Ujk m%Odk udkisl

uQ,hka .ek o nqÿ oyfuys b.ekafõ' ta wkqj wl=i, uQ, ;=kla yd l=i, uQ, ;=kla o

olajd ;sfí'

wl=i, uQ,

1' f,daNh îïm;a ms<sn| we;s we,au&

2' oafõYh ^wka wh ms<sn| we;s úreoaOjd§ nj&

3' fudayh ^mska mjq úmdldÈh ke;ehs is;Su" uq,dj&

l=i, uQ,

1' wf,daNh ^ks¾f,daNS nj" fkduiqre nj&

2' woafõYh ôafõYfhka f;dr nj" fu;a;d lreKd we;s nj&

3' wfudayh ûq,dfjka f;dr nj" mska mjq úmdldÈh ms<s.ekSu&

l¾uh ms<sn| m%fNao rdYshla nqÿ oyfuys olajd ;sfí' úmdl fok ld,h wkqj

l¾uh i;rdldr h'

1' ÈÜGOïufõokSh l¾u

2' WmmÊcfõokSh l¾u

3' wmrdmßhfõokSh l¾u

4' wfydais l¾u


1' ÈÜGOïufõokSh l¾u

fuf,dj § u úmdl fok l=i,dl=i, l¾u ÈÜGOïufõokSh l¾u kñka

ye¢kafõ' fuu l¾uh u.ska m%jD;a;s úmdl ,efnk w;r m%;sikaê úmdl fkd,efí'

m%jD;a;s úmdl hkq Wmf;a isg urKh olajd jQ l¾udkqrEm úmdl h' m%;sikaê úmdl

hkq urKska u;= kej; Wm;la ,nd §ug wod< l¾udkqrEm jQ n,mEuhs'

2' WmmÊcfõokSh l¾u

urKska u;= m<uq wd;auNdjfha § úmdl fok l¾uh WmmÊcfõokSh l¾uh

kï fõ' fuu l¾u m%jD;a;s úmdl fuka u m%;sikaê úmdl o ,nd §ug iu;a

fjhs' wl=i, mlaIfhka uj ueÍu" mshd ueÍu" nqÿjrfhl=f.a f,a fi,ùu" ry;=ka

ueÍu" ix> fNaoh hk m[apdkka;ßh mdml¾u isÿ l< wh o l=i, mlaIfhka

m[ap wNs{d" wIagiudm;a;s wd§ OHdk Wmojd .;a wh o l¾uhg wkqrEmS j fojk

Njfhys iem fyda ÿla úmdl ,n;s'

3' wmrdmßhfõokSh l¾u

wmrdmßhfõokSh l¾u hkq fojk wd;auNdjfhka miq ljr fyda

wd;auNdjhl § úmdl fok l¾u h' iir ÿlska ksoyia j ksjka olakd cd;s olajd

lsis hï Njhl § úmdl ,nd §ug tu l¾u iu;a fjhs'

4' wfydais l¾u

úmdl fkd § wfydais ù hk l¾u wfydais l¾u kï fõ' lsis hï mqoa.,hl=

ish¨ flf,iqka kid ry;a Ndjhg meñK msßksjka mE úg fmr lrk ,o l¾u

úmdl §ug wjia:djla fkd,efí' ksYaÑ; wjia:dfjys úmdl §ug bv fkd,eîfuka

wúmdl njg m;a jk l¾u fu kñka ye¢kafjhs'

úmdl fok wdldrh wkqj o l¾uh i;rdldr h'

1' .rel l¾u

2' wdikak l¾u

3' wdÑKaK l¾u

4' lg;a;d l¾u

1' .rel l¾u

fjk;a l¾uhlska j<ld,sh fkdyels jvd;a Yla;su;a n,iïmkak

l=i,dl=i, l¾ufhda .rel l¾u kdufhka ye¢kafj;s' m[apdkka;ßh mdml¾u

yd ksh; ñ:HdoDIaáh o .rel wl=i, l¾u fõ' fuu wl=i, l¾uhkays ksh;


m%;sM,h jkafka wmd.; ùuhs' m[ap wNs{d" wIag iudm;a;s jYfhka b.ekafjk

OHdk Wmojdf.k bka fkdmsßyS ñh .sh úg n%yau f,dalj, Wm; ,nkafka tu

.rel l¾ufhys m%;sM, jYfhks' fidajdka wd§ ud¾. M, Wmojd .ekSu o l=i,

mlaIfhys .rel l¾u .Khg wh;a h'

2' wdikak l¾u

urKdikak wjia:dfõ § lrk ,oaod jQ fyda l,ska fudfyd;l isÿ lrk ,ÿj

urKdikak fudfydf;a is;g ke.=Kd jQ fyda l=i,dl=i, l¾u fukñka ye¢kafõ'

.rel l¾u úmdl §ug bÈßm;a ù fkdue;s fudfyd;l fujeks l¾uhla m%;sikaêh

,nd §ug bÈßm;a fõ' uÜgl=Kav,S kï ;reKhd urKdikak fudfydf;ys nqÿ rÿka

±l is; myojd .;a msfkys m%;sM,hla f,i ÈjH f,dalfha bmÿfKa;a" fldfid,a

rcqf.a ìijl jk u,a,sldj wjika fudfydf;ys is;g ke.=Kq wl=i, is;=ú,a,la

ksid ÿ.;s.dó jQfha;a wdikak l¾uhg wkqrEmjhs'

3' wdÑKaK l¾u

Ôú; mqreoaola f,i isÿ lrk ,o l=i,dl=i, l¾u yd l,ska lrk ,ÿj

ksrka;rfhka isys lrk ,o l=i,dl=i, fÉ;kd wdÑKaK l¾u kñka ye¢kafõ'

ksoiqka f,i ks;sm;d mqreoaola jYfhka isÿ lrk oka §u" is,a /lSu" Ndjkd lsÍu"

wd§ l=i, l%shdjka o fidrlu" i;a;aj >d;kh wd§ wl=i, l¾u o ±laúh yels h'

fujeks l¾u isÿ lrk mqoa.,hd iq.;s.dó ùu fyda ÿ.;s.dó ùu wdÑKaK l¾ufhys

m%;sM,hla f,i ±laúh yels h' .rel fyda wdikak l¾uj, n,mEula ke;s úfgl

m%;sikaêh ,nd §ug wdÑKaK l¾uh o bÈßm;a fõ'

4' lg;a;d l¾u

±ä fÉ;kdjla fkdue;s j isÿ jk wiïmQ¾K l=i,dl=i, l¾u fuu .Khg

wh;a h' fujeks l¾u m%;sikaê úmdl ,nd §ug wiu;a h' tfy;a Ôú; ld,h mqrd

m%jD;a;s úmdl ,nd §ug iu;a h' .rel" wdikak" wdÑKaK l¾uj, n,mEula ke;s

úfgl lg;a;d l¾u úmdl ,nd §ug bÈßm;a fõ'

lD;H fyj;a ld¾hhka wkqj o l¾uh i;rdldr fjhs'

1' ckl l¾u

2' Wm;a:ïNl l¾u

3' WmmSvl l¾u

4' Wm>d;l l¾u


1' ckl l¾u

m%;sikaêh ,nd §ug bjy,a jkafka ckl l¾uhhs' tkï ñh mrf,dj f.dia B<`.

Njhl Wm; ,nd §ug bjy,a jk l¾uhhs' ckl wl=i, l¾u ksrh" ;sßika" fm%a;"

wiqr hk i;r wmdhkays bm§ug;a" ckl l=i, l¾u ifoõ f,dj o ñksia f,dj

iem we;s ia:dkj, o Wm; ,eîug;a bjy,a fõ'

2' Wm;a:ïNl l¾u

ckl l¾ufhka Wmka ;eke;a;dg tu Ôú;h ;j ÿrg;a mj;ajd .ekSug Wm;a:ïNl

l¾uh Wmldr fõ' ta wkqj ckl l¾uhg wkqn, fok" l=i,dl=i, l¾uhkag rel=,a

fok l¾uh Wm;a:ïNl l¾uhhs' ÿlaÅ; Wm;g rel=,a § tu Wm; ;j;a wirK

lsÍug;a iq.;s.dó Wm;g wkqn, § tu Njh ;j;a iemj;a lsÍug;a Wm;a:ïNl

l¾uh bjy,a fõ'

3' WmmSvl l¾u

l=i,dl=i, jYfhka fohdldr jk fuu l¾uh m%jD;a;s úmdl ,nd fokakls' ckl

l¾uhg ndOd muqKqjk tys n,h ySk lrjk l¾uh WmmS<l fyj;a WmmSvl

l¾uhhs' WmmS<l wl=i, l¾uh ckl l=i, l¾uhg o WmmS<l l=i, l¾uh

ckl wl=i, l¾uhg o ydks lrhs'

4' Wm>d;l l¾u

ckl l¾ufha úmdl §fï yelshdj ke;s fldg ;ud u úmdl ,nd fok l¾uh

Wm>d;l kï fõ' Wm>d;l wl=i, l¾u ckl l=i, l¾ufha o Wm>d;l l=i,

l¾u ckl wl=i, l¾ufha o úmdl §fï Yla;sh ke;s lrhs' fuu meyeÈ,s lsÍïj,ska

nqÿoyfï b.ekafjk l¾uh i;a;ajhd flfrys fl;rï n,mEula we;s lrkafka o

hkak fmkajd fohs'

l¾ufha n,mEu fl;rï ;SrKd;aul jqj o j¾;udk l¾uj,ska iy mßir idOl

weiqßka w;S; l¾u Yla;sh mdod .ekSug o fjkia lr .ekSug fyda we;eï úg ke;s

lr .ekSug o yelshdj we;' tjeks wjia:d y;rla my; ±lafõ'

1' .;s iïm;a;s

2' Wmê iïm;a;s

3' ld, iïm;a;s

4' m%fhda. iïm;a;s


1' .;s iïm;a;s

lsis hï mqoa.,fhl= Wm; ,nkafka hi biqßka msreKq ia:dkhl kï fmr

Njhkays § isÿ lrk ,o wl=i, l¾uhkays úmdl §u fndfyda úg je<lS hhs' ,enqKq

Wm; wl=i, l¾u úmdl §ug fkd.e<fmk mßirhla neúka tjeks l¾u úmdl

§fuka j<lS'

2' Wmê iïm;a;s

Wmê iïm;a;s hkq Wiia rEm fYdaNdjlg ysñlï lSuhs' ÿ.S mjq,l Wm; ,enqj o

by< uÜgfï rEm fYdaNdj fya;=fjka jdikdjka; Ôú;hla .; lsÍug wjia:dj Wod

úh yels h' ÿ.S mjq,aj, Wm; ,o ldka;djka rc" isgq wd§ m%N+jrekaf.a ìfidajreka

njg m;a jQ wjia:d /ila we;'

3' ld, iïm;a;s

hym;a fi!Nd.Hj;a ld,hla ;=< Wm; ,o mqoa.,hdg mdm l¾uj, úmdl fkd,eî

hhs' ke;s kï wvq fõ' ld,h hym;a ksid jdikdjka; Ôú;hla .; lsÍug wjia:dj

,efí' rgl olaI Od¾ñl md,lfhl= my< ù ck;djg iqÅ; uqÈ; Ôú;hla .;

lsÍug wjYH myiqlï i,id fok úg tu m%;s,dN wl=i, l¾uhla isÿ l<

mqoa.,hdg jqj ,eîfï Nd.Hh Wod fõ'

4' m%fhda. iïm;a;s

ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{dfjka yd W;aidyfhka lghq;= lsÍfï § ;udg uqyqK §ug isÿ

jk wl=i, l¾u úmdl o u.yrjd .; yels h' fuh m%fhda. iïm;a;sh jYfhka

ye¢kafõ' lror ndOlj,g uqyqK fok úg ish,a, l¾uhg mjrd fkd§ m%{dj

wêIaGdkh W;aidyh fmr±ß fldg Ôú; wNsfhda. ch .ekSug m%fhda. iïm;a;sh

wm fmd<Ujd,hs'

by; úia;r lrk ,o iïm;a;s i;r wl=i, mlaIfhka .;s úm;a;s" ld, úm;a;s"

Wmê úm;a;s" m%fhda. úm;a;s jYfhka ÿla úmdl w;am;a lr §ug uq,a úh yels nj o

jgyd .; hq;= h'

wmg uqyqK §ug isÿ jk ñysß iy wñysß fndfyda w;a±lSïj,g m%Odk fya;=jla

jkafka ;sfodr uq,a ù isÿ lrkq ,nk l=i,dl=i, l¾u nj fï wkqj jgyd .;

yels h'


idrdxYh

l¾uh nqÿ oyfï m%Odk b.ekaùuls' mqoa.,hd fÉ;kdj fmrgq fldg lhska"

jpkfhka yd ukiska l¾u /ia lrhs' wl=i, l¾u i|yd f,daN" fodai" fuday hk

wl=i, is;=ú,s uq,a fõ' l=i, l¾u i|yd wf,daN" wfodai" wfuday hk l=i, is;=ú,s

uq,a fõ' l¾ufha m%fNao /ils' wl=i,fhka je<lS l=i,fhys fh§fuka fof,dj

Ôú;h id¾:l lr .ekSug W;aidy l< hq;= h'

l%shdldrlu

my; ±lafjk j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

l¾u

m%fNaofha ku

w¾:h l=i, úmdl fok

whqre

wl=i, úmdl fok

whqre

01' —l¾uh i;a;ajhd Wia my;a jYfhka fnohs'˜ meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mqyqKqjg

hdÈix jmf; îcx

;dÈix yrf; M,x

l,HdKldß l,HdKx

mdmldÍ p mdmlx

hï îchla jmqrd o ta wkqj M, ,efí'

tfia u hym;a l%shd ;=<ska hym;a

úmdl ,efí' whym;a l%shd ;=<ska

whym;a úmdl ,efí'


ish,a, wks;H h" wks;H jk neúka ÿla iys; h" ÿla iys; jk neúka wkd;au h

hk ;s%,laIKh nqÿ oyfuys uQ,sl b.ekaùuls' m%{dj f,i ye¢kafjkafka fulS

;s%,laIK wjfndaOhhs' iir ÿlska tf;r ùug tu wjfndaOh wjYH h' nqÿjreka

Wmkak o kQmkak o iodld,sl j f,dj mj;akd i;Hh thhs' foAYh l=ula jqj o"

ld,h l=ula jqj o" ;s%,laIKh f,dj mj;shs' tneúka th úYaj idOdrK O¾u;djls'

foAY ld, jYfhka fjkia fkdjk i;Hhls'

wks;H ,laIKh

wks;H hkq fjkia ùuhs" lefvk ìf|k iq¨ njhs' fuu lef`vk ìf|k iq¨ nj nqÿ

oyfï f,dal hkqfjka ye¢kafõ' bka woyia flfrkafka f,dj ish,a, fudfyd;ska

fudfyd; fjkia jk nj;a lsisjl iaÒridr meje;aula fkdue;s nj;a h' ksoiqkla

f,i úÿ,s nqnq,l ±,aùu .ek is;kak' th wLKav j ±,afjk njla fmkqK o ishqï

WmlrKhl wdOdrfhka mÍlaId l<fyd;a th ksfjñka ±,afjñka mj;sk nj ±lsh

yels h' úoHq;a o¾Ykhl rEm rduq tlsfkl f.k n,k úg iq¿ iq¿ fjkialï

iys; rEm fm<la fk;g Èiafõ' tfy;a tajd kshñ; fõ. mrdihl Odjkh lrk

úg wmg ÿjk" mksk" kgk oiqka ;srh u; ±lsh yels h' tla fudfyd;l úch.%dyS

j isák mqoa.,hd iaj,am ld,hla ;=< mrdð;fhl= úh yels h' fuu úYaj O¾u;djg

iEu fohla u hg;a fõ' wmf.a Ôú;h o ujq l=i ms<sis| .;a fudfydf;a isg u fjkia

fõ' fuu fjki idudkH jHjydrfha § wm i,lkafka jhig hdula f,i h'

by; i|yka l%shdj,sh wmf.a md,khg yiq fldg .; fkdyels h' nqÿ oyug

wkqj yg .ekSfï iajNdjh we;s iEu foa u ke;s ùfï iajNdjfhka hqla; fõ'

i;a;aj" mqoa.," øjH wd§ ´kE u Ôj wÔj mod¾:hlg u fuu ;;a;ajh ikd;ksl

jQ fmdÿ O¾u;djls' ta wkqj rEmh fmK ms~la jeks h" fõokdj Èh nqnq<la jeks h'

i[a[dj ñß`.=jla jeks h" ixialdr flfi,a l|la jeks h" ú[a[dKh udhdjla

jeks h' nqqÿ oyu wkqj i;a;ajhd" f,dalh hkqfjka ye¢kafjkafka rEm O¾u yd kdu

O¾uhka h' kdu hkq" fõokd kï jQ úkaokh ix{d kï jQ ye¢kSu ixialdr kï jQ

fÉ;kd iy ú[a[dK kï jQ úcdkkh fyj;a wruqKq ±k .ekSuhs' rEm hkq wei"

lk" Èj" kdih" YÍrh wd§ jYfhka fnod ±laúh yels wmf.a YÍrhhs' fï ish,a,

wks;H h' ldhsl" udkisl" ndysr" wNHka;r" iú[a[dKsl" wú[a[dKsl ish,a, u

fuu h:d¾:hg hg;a jkafka h'

we;s ;;= lshk

;s,l=Kq oyu13


ÿlaL ,laIKh

f,dj ish,af,da iemhg leue;s fj;s' ish,a,ka ish¨ lghq;= isÿ lrkafka ÿla

fodïkia wfmalaIdfjka fkdfõ¦ iem fidïkia wfmalaIdfjks' tfy;a ixidßl

meje;au uQ,sl jYfhka u ÿla iys; h' iemodhl hehs ie,flk ish¨ úkaokhka

;djld,sl h¦ wks;H h' tneúka ÿla iys; fjhs' ÿl hkq ir, idudkH wm%ikak

úkaokhla fkdfõ' th Ôú;fha h:d¾:hhs' ux., O¾u foaYkfha § u nqÿrcdKka

jykafia jod< mßÈ bm§u ÿl h' uy¨ ùu" Èrd hdu ÿl h' f,v ùu jHdêh

ÿl h' urKh úkdYh ÿl h' m%shhkaf.ka fjka ùu ÿl h' wm%shhka yd tla ùu ÿl

h' leue;s foa fkd,eîu ÿl h' fláfhka lsj fyd;a rEm" fõokd" ix{d" ixldr"

ú[a[dK hk fï m[ap ialkaOfhys ;Kaydfjka ;Èka t,an .ekau fkdfyd;a

m[ap WmdodkialkaOh u ÿl h' f,dalh hkq fulS m[ap WmdodkialkaOhhs'

f,dalh ÿl u; msysáfha h' cd;s crd jHdê urK wd§ ÿla ñ, uqo,a" ±k W.;alï"

ks,;, wdÈh ksid blaujd hd fkdyels h'

wkd;au ,laIKh

wd;au hkq ixialD; NdIduh fhÿuls' tys md,s fhÿu w;a; hkakhs' isxy, fhÿu

uu fyj;a ;ud hkakhs' ks;H jQ" iaÒr jQ" fkdfjkia j mj;sk wd;auhla fyj;a uu

hehs .; yels mod¾:hla we;ehs nqÿrcdKka jykafia jev úiQ ld,fha we;eï uyK

nuqfKda b.ekajQy' tfia u tn÷ wd;auhla we;s njg fkdfhla whqßka lreKq ±lajQy¦

jdo újdo l<y' fjkia jk iq¨ f,dj fkdfjkia foh kï wd;auh hehs Tjqyq lshd

isáhy' Tjqkag wkqj is;=ú,s is;kafka o fõokd ú¢kafka o fyd| krl lrkafka o

úmdl ú¢kafka o wd;auh hs' th Njfhka Njh .uka lrhs' fun÷ wd;auhla ke;ehs

lshkafka nqÿ oyu muKls' uu fyj;a wd;auh hkq is;ska ujd .;a;la nj o úYajdi

ud;%hla nj o nqÿ oyu fmkajd fohs' ish¨ flf,ia WmÈkafka wd;au oDIaÀh

ksid h' hqo .egqï" l,flda,dy, we;s jkafka o ish¨ wl=i, lrkafka o uf.a h"

uu fjñ" uf.a wd;auh fõ" hk je/È ±lau ksid h' fufia wd;auhla we; hk u;h

mfilska ;nñka nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< i;Hh wkd;au hkakhs' by; i|yka

l< mßÈ i;a;ajhd" mqoa.,hd" uu" wd;auh hkq iïuq;shls' jpk ud;%hls' bka woyia

jkafka ialkaO" Od;=" wdh;k hehs ye¢kaúh yels Yla;s iuQyhla muKs' fuu Yla;s

ish,a, wks;H jk neúka ÿla iys; h' ÿla iys; neúka wkd;au h' uf.a hehs" ug

hehs" uf.a wd;auh hehs ie,lsh fkdyelafla h' fulS wkd;au O¾uh f,djg m%ldY

lsÍu nqÿ oyfï úfYaI;ajh;a úYsIag;ajh;a fmkakqï lrkakls'

wks;H jQ O¾uhka ks;H hehs o ÿla iys; O¾uhka iem hehs o wkd;au jQ O¾uhka

wd;au hehs o wiqN jQ O¾uhka iqn hehs o ixidr.; i;a;ajfhda úlD;shg m;a j

isá;s' tu úlD;sfhka w;añ§ wks;H foa wks;H f,i;a" ÿla iys; foa ÿla f,i;a"


wkd;au foa wkd;au f,i;a" wiqn foa wiqn f,i;a we;s ieáfhka ±lSug nqÿ oyu

u. fmkajhs' tfia olakd ;eke;a;dg iu l< yels ch.%dyS mqoa.,hl= ;j;a ke;'

fyf;u wiSñ; jQ wdidjkaf.ka f;dr fõ' fjkia jk neúka o" wiykh w;Dma;sh

we;s neúka o" uu h uf.a hehs .; fkdyels neúka o ljr fohla .ek fyda

wiSñ; j wdYd lsÍfï wre;la ke;ehs fyf;u okS¦ tneúka w,afmaÉP fõ' wvq

n,dfmdfrd;a;= we;af;l= fõ' ,o fohska i;=gq fjhs' myiqfjka fmdaIKh l< yels

fõ' ld¾h nyq, wfhla fkdfõ' Tyqf.a is; ieye,a¨ h' b÷rka ikaiqka h' tfia u

;s,l=Kq okakd ;eke;a;d wlïms; h' lsisjlska lïmd fkdfõ' ish,a, wks;H nj o

ÿla iys; nj o wkd;au nj o jgyd f.k isà' fyf;u wgf,da oyñka fkdief,a'

,dNfhka u;a fkdfõ' w,dNfhka ÿla fkdfõ' hiiska Wu;= fkdfõ' whiska fYdal

fkdfõ' kskaod m%Yxid iem ÿla wdÈfhka fkdief,a' lïmd fkdfõ' tfia u ;s,l=Kq

okakd olakd ;eke;a;d ueÈy;a h' W;aidyjka; h' Tyq wka;.dó fkdfõ'

tn÷ ;eke;a;d lsisÿ ms,lg mlaIhlg wka;hlg .e;s fkdfõ' tfrys o fkdfõ'

ueÈy;a j is;k fyf;u yeu me;a;la u olS' tfia u Tyq wk;sudkS h' wdpdrYS,S h'

m%shukdm h' ;=gqmygq h' m%uqÈ; h' fufia ish,a, wks;H h" ÿla iys; h" wkd;au h

hk i;Hh ±k ±l mila lsÍu nqÿ oyfï úmiaikdj f,i ±lafõ' th u ;%s,laIK

Ndjkdjhs' tu ;s,l=Kq ±k ±l mila lsÍu u m%{djhs' m%{dj iir ÿlska tf;r j

ksjka mila lrkq msKsi Wmldr jkafka h'

idrdxYh

;%s,laIKh nqÿ oyfï uQ,sl b.ekaùuls' wks;H" ÿlaL" wkd;au hkq ;%s,laIKhhs'

f,dalfhys h:d iajrEmh wjfndaO lr .; yels ùu" wlïms; ùu" iunr fm!reIhla

,eîu" WfmalaIdfjka lghq;= l< yels ùu yd wjidkfha ks¾jdKdjfndaOh idlaId;a

ùu ;s,l=Kq ±lafï m%;sM, fõ' th u m%{dj h" úmiaikdj h'


l%shdldrlu

1' ;s%,laIKh y÷kajkak'

2' ;s,l=Kq ±lafuys fuf,dj m%fhdack fmkajd fokak'

mqyqKqjg

wksÉpdj; ixLdrd - Wmamdo jhOïñfkda

WmamÊð;ajd ksreÊ®ka;s - f;aix jQmifuda iqfLda

^mßksíndk iQ;%h&

we;s ù ke;s j hk neúka ixialdr taldka; jYfhka u wks;H h' ixialdr bm§

ke;s jkafkah' ta ixialdr j, ixis£u iemhls'


máÉp iuqmamdo kHdh

ye¢k .ksuq14

w.%Y%djl ießhq;a uyry;ka jykafia m<uqj meúÈ ù isáfha ixch msßjeð;=ukaf.a

YsIHjrhl= f,i h' tl, t;=uka ye¢kajqfKa Wm;siai hk kdufhks' ;uka fidhk

iekiSu mßj%dcl oyñka fkd,efnk nj jgyd .;a Wm;siai msßjeð;=ud ;u l,K

ñ;=re flda,s; msßjeð;=uka iu. l;sld lr.;a mßÈ ixpdrh lf<a ienE ksjka u.

foikq ,nk weÿre;=ul= fidhñka h' rc.y kqjr § wiaið uyry;ka jykafia

iy Wm;siai mßj%dcl;=uka w;r yuqj isÿjkafka tu ixpdrfha § h' tod Wm;siai

mssßjeð;=ud uyry;a wiaið f;rKqjkaf.ka fufia úuiSh'

—Tn jykafia meúÈ jQfha ljrl= Wfoid o@ Tn jykafiaf.a .=re;=ud ljfrla o@ ldf.a

oyula o Tn jykafia reÑ lrkafka@˜

fuhg ms<s;=re jYfhka ;uka jykafiaf.a Ydia;D jQ nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska

foaYkd lrkq ,nk O¾uh l=ula o hkak wiaið uyry;ka jykafia b;d fláfhka

meyeÈ,s lf<a fufia h'

fha Oïud fya;=mamNjd - f;aix fya;=x ;:d.f;da wdy

f;aix p fhda ksfrdafOda - tjx jd§ uydiufKda

—fya;=fjka WmÈk hï O¾u flfkla fj;a o ta O¾uhkaf.a fya;=j ;:d.;hka

jykafia jod< fial' ta O¾uhkaf.a hï ksfrdaOhla fõo th o foaYkd l< fial'

uydY%uK jQ ta ;:d.;hka jykafia fun÷ foaYkdjla lrkafkls"˜ hkq tu .d:dfõ

woyihs'

fuu oyu jgyd .;a Wm;siai mßj%dcl;=ud fidajdka jQ nj i|yka fjhs' tu

mßj%dcl;=ud ;=< tn÷ iqúfYaI mßj¾;khla isÿjQfha uy ry;a wiaið ysñ jod<

.d:dfjys we;=<;a j nqÿ oyfï uQ,sl yrh wjfndaO lr.;a neúks' tu yrh kï

máÉp iuqmamdo O¾uhhs' fn!oaO fya;=M, O¾uh hkqfjka o th ye¢kafõ' tu

O¾u;djg wkqj f,dalfha mqoa.," jia;= yd isoaê jYfhka olakg ,efnk lsisjla

iajdëk njla ke;' ;ks l%shdldß;ajhla ke;' wfkHdakH iïnkaOfhka f;drj"

;ks ;ksj we;sjk" ;ks ;ksj mj;sk lsisjla ke;' nqÿ oyfuys lshefjkafka hula

we;s ùug ;j;a fohla fyda foaj,a lSmhla fyda n,mdk njhs' tfia we;sjk foh

M,h f,i;a ta i|yd n,mdk foh fya;=j f,i;a ye¢kafjhs'

fya;= ksid we;sjk ish,a, u ke;sjk iajNdjfhka o hqla; nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia

foaYkd l<y' fya;= ke;sjk úg ta fya;= ksid yg.;a ±ho ke;sj hhs' fya;=x máÉp

iïN+;x - fya;= Nx.d ksreÊ®;s''' hkafkka bÈßm;a lr ;sfnkafka tu O¾u;djhs'


hï lsisjla yg .efkkafka fyda mj;skafka fyda ;j;a fohla ksid kï ta fol

w;r in|;djla mj;sk nj meyeÈ,s h' th jvd;a u meyeÈ,s jkafka yg .ekSug

fya;=jk foa fkdjkafka kï tn÷ yg .ekSula o fkdjk neúks' tla fohl yg

.ekSug" we;sùug n,mdkafka hula o th fya;=jhs' tu fya;=fjys l%shdldß;ajh

ksid we;sjk foh" yg .efkk foh M,hhs' tla isÿùula i|yd n,mdk Bg uq,ska

jk isÿùu fya;=jhs' tu isÿùï j, wksjd¾h iïnkaO;dj ksid B<Õg jk isÿùu

M,hhs' uq,ska foh fkdúKs kï fojekak o ke;' uq,a isÿùu fkdúKs kï miq

isÿùï o fkdfõ' fuu wfkHdakH iïnkaO;dj meyeÈ,s flfrk iqúfYaI O¾u

l%uh máÉp iuqmamdoh jYfhka ye¢kafõ'

máÉp iuqmamdo hk fhÿfuka lshefjkafka ifya;=l nj" fya;= iys; nj" wfya;=l

fkdjk nj hkakhs' tkï f,dalfha jia;= mqoa., isoaê hk ish,a,la u fya;= m%;H

iïnkaO;djlg wkqj l%shd;aul jk njhs' ta nj u;=lr fmkajk O¾u l%uh fyj;a

kHdh" m%;S;H iuq;amdo kHdhhs' th nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska b;du fláfhka

fufia foaYkd lrkq ,en we;'

buiañx i;s box fyda;s

buiai Wmamdod box WmmÊc;s

buiañx wi;s box k fyda;s

buiai ksfrdaOd box ksreÊ®;s

fuu md,s jdlH y;r isxyf,ka ,shefjkafka my; i|yka mßÈ h'

fuh we;s l,ays fuh fjhs

fuh bm§fuka fuh Wm§

fuh ke;s l,ays fuh fkdfõ

fuh ke;s ù hEfuka fuh ke;sj hhs'

fuu jdlH y;r foi neÆ úg tl u foh fojrla i|yka ù we;ehs we;eï úg

isf;kq we;' kuq;a th tfia fkdjk nj úuis,af,ka n,k úg meyeÈ,s fõ' m<uq

jdlHfha fuh fjhs hkak fjkqjg fojk jdlHfha i|yka jkafka fuh WmÈhs

lshdh' f;jk jdlHfha fkdfjhs hkak fjkqjg isõjk jdlHfha tkafka ke;sj

hhs lshdh' meyeÈ,sj u fuys tkafka fya;=M, iïnkaO;dj ±laúh yels wdldr

folls' m<uqjekafkka meje;afï iïnkaO;dj lshefjk w;r fojekafkka Wmamdo

iïnkaOh lshefõ'

;=k iy y;r hk jdlHj, w¾:fha fjki o ta wkqj f;areï .; yels h' meyeÈ,s

lr .ekSfï myiqj i|yd fN!;sl WodyrKhla .ksuq' ysia ;gq folla iys; ;rdÈh

iudka;r j mj;S' tys tla ;gqjla my;a jqjfyd;a Bg iudka;r j wfkla ;gqj tiù

mj;S' m<uq jdlHfhka ±lafjkafka tn÷ in|;djls' ;Kaydj we;s l,ays ÿl we;'

;Kaydj ke;s l,ays ÿl ke;'


W;amdo iïnkaOh meyeÈ,s lsÍug o fN!;sl WodyrKhla ±laúh yels h' myk

bm§fuka wdf,dalh Wm§' wdf,dalh Wmkafka myk fyj;a myka is`Mj Wmkak ksid h'

thska meyeÈ,s fjkafka tla fohl Wm; ;j;a fohl Wm;g fya;=jk nj h'

fï wkqj by; i|yka buiañx i;s box fyda;s''' wd§ máÉp iuqmamdo uQ, iQ;%fhys

f;jeks yd i;rjeks jels folska fkdmeje;au yd ke;sù hdu ms<sn|j;a lshefjk

nj meyeÈ,s h'

tla ;rdÈ ;gqjla my;aj fkd;sìKs kï wfkla ;gqj Bg iudka;r j Wiaj fkdmj;S'

myka is, kQmkafka kï wdf,dalh o kQm§' myk ksjqKq úg wdf,dalh o ke;s ù

hhs' wOHd;añl lreKqj, § o fuu kHdh l%shd;aul fjhs' fl%daOh Wmka úg ffjrh

Wm§' fl%daOh ksù .sh úg ffjrh o ixisf|hs' fuu ish¨ isÿùïj, l%shd;aul jk

O¾u;dj m%;S;H iuq;amdo kHdh fyj;a máÉp iuqmamdoh f,i ye¢kafõ' fuu

kHdhg wkqj iudc .eg¨ we;sjk wdldrh iy tajd úi|d .; yels wdldrh o

f;areï .; yels h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia fufia jod< fial(

ÿmam;a whg Okh fkd§u ksid È<s÷lu jeä úh'

È<s÷lu jeä ùu ksid fydrlu jeä úh'

fydrlu jeä ùu ksid wú wdhqO jeä úh'

wú wdhqO jeä ùu ksid Ôú; ydks jeä úh'

fï wdldrfhka È.ska È.g iudc .eg¨ we;sjQ whqre" we;sjk whqre meyeÈ,s flfrk

foaYkd ;=< ú.%y flfrkafka iEu isÿùul u m%;S;H iuq;amdo kHdh l%shd;aul

jk wdldrhhs'

fuu kHdhg wkqj iudc.; m%Yak úuid ne,Sug" úi|d .ekSug wm mqreÿ jkafka

kï th nqÿ oyu Ôú;hg iïnkaO lr .ekSuls' fufyu jqfKa wehs@ fufia

isÿjkafka wehs@ hkqfjka ks;ru is;ska m%Yak lsÍug wm mqreÿ úh hq;= h' .eg¨jl


miqìu f;areï .; yelafla túg h' .eg¨fõ ienE fya;=j ÿgq úg tu fya;=jg

ms<shï fh§fuka .eg¨j ksrdlrKh lr .; yels h'

fvx.= WK nyq, jkafka wehs@ fvx.= uÿrejka fnda ùu ksid h' fvx.= uÿrejka

nyq, jkafka wehs@ mßirh wmú;% ksid h' fvx.= ke;s lsÍug l=ula o l< hq;af;a@

mßirh mú;%j ;nd .; hq;= h' mßirh wmú;% fkdjQ l,ays uÿrejka fndajkafka

ke;' uÿrejka fnda fkdjQ l,ays fvx.= WK iEfokafka ke;' fï wdldrhg .eg¨

foi ne,Sug iy tajd úi|d .ekSug máÉp iuqmamdoh Ndú;d lssÍug yqrefjuq'

idrdxYh

f,dalfha jia;=" mqoa.," isoaê jYfhka olakg ,efnk lsisjla ;ksj l%shd;aul

jkafka ke;' iEu l%shdjl u" iEu isoaêhl u wfkHdakH iïnkaO;djla mj;S' ta

iïnkaO;dj fya;= yd M, jYfhka olajkq ,efí' wiaið uyry;ka jykafia úiska

Wm;siai msßjeð;=udg foaYkd lrk ,o fha Oïud fya;=mamNjd''' wd§ .d:dfjys

we;=<;a jkafka o fya;=M, O¾u;djhs' máÉp iuqmamdo kHdh jYfhka ±lafjkafka

fuu fya;=M, j, wkqrEms iïnkaO;dj m%lg lrk l%uhhs' th b;d uekeúka m%lg

lr ;sfnkafka buiañx i;s box fyda;s''' wd§ uQ, iQ;%fhys h' fuu m%;S;H iuq;amdo

kHdh .eg¨ ksrdlrKhg o Ndú;d l< yels h'

l%shdldrlu

1' zfha Oïud fya;=mamNjd'''''''Z wd§ .d:dfõ w¾:h Tfí jpkfhka ,shkak'

2' máÉp iuqmamdo uQ, iQ;%h yd tys f;areu u;lfhka lshkak'

mejreu

Tng u;= jQ .eg¨jla m%;S;H iuq;amdo kHdh Ndú;d lrñka úi|df.k ta ms<sn|

jd¾;djla ms<sfh, lrkak


nqÿjrhl= f,dj my< jkafka W;a;Í;r mru i;Hh ñksia j¾.hdg foaYkd lsÍu

ms‚i h' tu mru i;Hh kï p;=rd¾h i;Hhhs' nqÿjreka Wmkak o kQmkak o

f,dalfha mj;akd h:d¾:h fyj;a W;=ï i;Hh tu.ska fy<sorõ flf¾' tys foaY"

ld," cd;s fjkila ke;' foaYh l=ula jqj o iÞ;ksl j f,dj mj;akd h:d¾:h

p;=rd¾h i;Hh u.ska m%ldYs; h' nqÿ oyu wkqj Ôú;h yd f,dalh ms<sn| h:d¾:h

wjfndaO lr .kakd ;=re ukd kqj‚ka ±k ±l tys we;s ;;= we;s yeáfhka u mila

lrk ;=re iir jik i;a;ajhdg bka ñÈh fkdyels h' Tyqg úuqla;shla ke;' tfia

iißka tf;r ùu i|yd m%;HlaI jYfhka fyj;a w;a±lSula jYfhka kqj‚ka ±k

±l .; hq;= h:d¾:h p;=rd¾h i;H O¾ufhys wka;¾.; h' ñksia is;a i;ka ;=<

uq,a nei we;s rd." fodai" fuday wd§ ish¨ flf,ia uq,skqmqgd oud wd¾h Ndjhg m;a

nqoaOd§ W;=uka úiska wjfndaO lr .kq ,enQ i;Hh p;=rd¾h i;Hhhs' tu i;Hh

wd¾h i;H f,i ye¢kafjkafka tneúks'

ñksia Ôú;fha h:d¾:h;a ñksidf.a úuqla;sh;a wd¾h i;Hfhka fy<sorjq flf¾'

tu h:d¾:h kï iir ÿl h' th ñksid bÈßfha we;s uyd m%Yakh fõ' úuqla;sh kï

ksjkhs¦ ÿlska w;a ñ§uhs' wd¾h i;Hhg we;=<;a jkafka ÿl;a" thg fya;=j;a" ÿlska

w;a ñ§u;a" ta i|yd wkq.ukh l< hq;= ms<sfj;;a h' tkï ñksia ixy;sh bÈßfha

we;s uyd .eg¨j;a" tu .eg¨jg fya;=j;a" thg we;s úi÷u yd úi÷ï u.;a h' tu

lreKq fy<sorjq lsÍu nqÿ oyfï uQ,sl wruqKhs'

tA wkqj p;=rd¾h i;H foaYkdj nqÿ oyfï uQ,sl b.ekaùu f,i ie,lsh yels h'

uy we;df.a wä i,l=Kq ;=<g jkfhys ´kE u if;l=f.a wä i,l=Kq we;=¿

l< yels h' tfuka u mkaid<sia jila uq¿,af,a nqÿrcdKka jykafia jÞ< ljr

foaYkdjla jqj o p;=rd¾h i;Hfhka tllg we;=¿ l< yels h' bka mßndysr jQ

lsisjla nqÿjre foaYkd fkdlr;s' nqÿrcdKka jykafia nrKei bism;k ñ.Þfhys

§ miaj. NslaIQka wu;d isÿ l< ux., O¾u foaYkdfõ § fuu uQ,sl b.ekaùu myod

ÿka fial'

isõiia ye¢k iekiqu

,nuq15


fï W;=ï i;H i;r fufia h(

1' ÿlaL wd¾h i;Hh ^ÿl ms<sn| W;=ï i;Hh&

2' ÿlaL iuqoh wd¾h i;Hh ^ÿl yg .ekSug fya;=j ms<sn| W;=ï i;Hh&

3' ÿlaL ksfrdaOd¾h i;Hh ^ÿl ke;s lsÍu ms<sn| W;=ï i;Hh&

4' ÿlaL ksfrdaO .dñkS mámÞ wd¾h i;Hh ^ÿl ke;s lsÍfï ud¾.h ms<sn|

W;=ï i;Hh&

oïila mej;=ï iQ;%h wkqj bm§u ÿl h" jhig hdu ÿlh" f,vùu ÿlh" urKh

ÿl h" m%shhkaf.ka fjka ùu" wm%shhka yd tla ùu fuka u leue;s foa fkd,eîu o

ÿl h' fláfhka lshf;d;a rEm" fõokd" i[aØ" ixLdr" ú[aØK hk m[apiaLkaOh

is;ska ±ä j .ekSu fyj;a WmdÞkh ÿl h' fuu foaYkdfjys uQ,sl w¾:h kï

ñksia Ôú;fha widr;ajhhs' yrhla" f;areula" .; hq;a;la ke;s njhs' iir Èúh

;=< wm l=uk iïm;a ljr Yla;Ska fidhd imhd .;a; o kej; kej;;a bm§u tA

lsisfjlska md,kh l< fkdyels h' úúO f,v frda. je<£u" jhia.; j Èrdm;a

ùu" urKhg m;a ùu we;=¿ by; lS ÿla fÞïkia lsisjla i;a;ajhdg md,kh l<

fkdyels h¦ je<elaúh fkdyels h' Okh" n,h" iúYla;sh" ±k W.;alu wd§ l=uk

yelshdjla ;snqK o WmÈk" f,v jk" uy¨ jk" uefrk neúka iir meje;au widr


h' tys w¾:hla ke;' tfia u th w;Dma;slr h' ;Dma;shlg iEySulg we;s ùulg

<Õd úh fkdyels h' Ôú;fha w;aú¢h yels idxidßl iem we;s nj nqÿ oyu ms<s.

kS' mska lsÍfuka o iem ,efí' tfy;a tu iem iïm;a ish,a, ;djld,sl h" wks;H

h' tneúka ú¢kq ,nk lsisjla iemhla f,i ye¢kaúh fkdyels h¦ ÿlla u fõ' tA

lsisjlska wdjidksl ;Dma;shla fkd,efí'

widr nj" w;Dma;slr nj" ;=ÉP nj" w¾: Y+kH nj ÿlaL hk nqoaO jpkfhys .eUqre

f;areuhs' bka woyia jkafka idudkH lk.dgqj" wikaf;daIh" weéu fyda je,mSu

fkdfõ'

fulS iir ÿl ;=ka wdldr hehs O¾u újrKj, ±lafõ'

1' ÿlaL ÿlaL;d îdudkH ÿla&

2' úmßKdu ÿlaL;d ^fjkia ùfï ÿl&

3' ixLdr ÿlaL;d ^we;sùï ke;sùï fya;=fjka yg.kakd ÿl&

hkqfjks'

wdydr" ksjdi" we÷ï" fnfy;a wd§ wjYH;d ms<sn| m%Yak" cd;Ska w;r" foaYhka w;r

we;s m%Yak wd§ ish,a, úi|d .;a; o iir ÿl ms<sn| m%Yakh ñksid bÈßhg ths' Tyq

thg uqyqK Èh hq;= h'

ÿlaL iuqohd¾h i;Hfhka by; lS iir ÿla yg .ekSug fya;= idlÉPd lrkq

,efí' i;a;ajhd úúOdldr ÿla mSvdj,g m;a jkafka wfya;=l j fkdfõ' lsis hï

foúhl=f.a fyda n%yauhl=f.a leue;a; wkqj o fkdfõ' fya;= idOl we;s j h' tys

uQ,sl fya;=j kï ñksia is;ai;ka ;=< uq,a nei we;s wiSñ; ;Kaydjhs¦ w;Dma;shhs'

ksula ke;s wdYdjhs' tu ;Kaydj uq,a fldg.;a ish¨ flf,ia ÿlg fya;= fõ'

nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a m%:u WÞkfhys lshefjk mßÈ ;uka jykafia iir

fkdfhl=;a wd;auNdjj, bmso crd urKd§ ÿla fÞïkiaj,g uqyqK ÿkafka ;Kaydj

ksid h' hï fia .il uq, Yla;su;a j fkd.e,ù mj;afka o tA ;dla l,a tu .i

kej; kej;;a ,sh,kakd fia wm is;a i;ka ;=< ;Kaydj uq,a nei we;s ;dla iir

ÿl yg .kS' oïila mej;=ï iQ;%h wkqj mqk¾Njh we;s lrk we,au i;=g iys; jQ tA

tA ;ek is; w,jk ;Kaydj ÿlaL iuqoh wd¾h i;Hhhs' idudkH Ôú;fha § jqj o

ñksiqka ÿla ú¢kafka wdidjka bgq lr .ekSug h' úúO .eg¨" ;dvk mSvk wdÈhg

mjd f.dÿre jkafka wdidjka miqmi hdfuks' ñksia is; ;=< fuka u ñksiqka w;r o

úúO .egqï" l,flda,dy, wdÈh we;s jkafka o fulS ;Kaydj ksid u h' tn÷ l,y"

.egqï ksid o ñksiaiq ÿlg m;a fj;s' ksr;=re j u i;a;ajhd uÈlñka fyj;a W!k

núka fmf<ñka we;s ùula ke;s j w;Dma;sfhka hqla; j ;Kayd wdYdjkays Þihl=

ù l%shd lrñka ÿla ú¢k nj nqÿ oyu fmkajd fohs'


fufia iir ÿlg fya;= jk úúO laf,aY O¾uhka w;r uQ,sl jk ;Kaydj ux.,

O¾u foaYkdfõ § ;=ka wdldrhlg fnÞ olajd ;sfí' tys ldu ;Kaydj hkq mialï

iem;g we;s wdYdjhs' b÷rka mskùfï wiSñ; leue;a;hs' Nj ;Kaydj hkq uu

fyj;a wd;auh ms<sn| yeÕSu uq,afldg f.k we;s jk wdYdjhs' uu ks;H jYfhka

È.ska È.g u iir iem ú¢ñ hk wfmalaIdjhs' úNj ;Kaydj mrf,djla ke; hk

ms<s.ekSu u; fuf,dj jYfhka yels ;dla iem ú£ug we;s wdYdjhs' fï yereKq

úg ;j;a fkdfhla wdldrj,ska iir ÿlg uq,a jk ;Kaydj nqÿ oyfuys fnÞ olajd

;sfí'

f,dalh ÿl u; msysgd we;s nj;a Bg uQ,sl fya;=j ñksia is;a ;=< we;s wiSñ;

;Kaydj nj;a fmkajd ÿka nqÿrcdKka jykafia tu ÿlska w;añ§u ÿlaL ksfrdaOd¾h

i;Hfhka fy<s fldg jÞ<y' uq,ska Wÿrd ±uQ .i kej; me< fkdjkafka fmdf<dj

iu. we;s ish¨ in|;d ke;s ù ;sfnk neúks' tfia u iir ÿlg uq,a jk

;Kaydj o uq,ska u Wÿrd ±óu ÿlaL ksfrdaOd¾h i;Hh kï fõ' tkï .i kej;

me< fkdjkakd fia ÿl kej; yg fkd.ekSuhs' iir ÿla fl<jr ùuhs' ksjka

mila lsÍuhs' ish¨ flf,ia ke;s ùuhs' cd;s" crd" jHdê" urKdÈfhka ksoyia ùuhs'

ÿlska ñ§uhs' úuqla;shhs' th nqoaOd§ W;=ukaf.a w;a±lSu fõ' uu iir kej; kej;;a

bmfoñka mSvd ú£ug fya;=j jQ ;Kaydj uq,skqmqgd ±uqfjñ’hs nqÿrcdKka jykafia

m%:u WÞkfhys jÞ<y' ÿlaL ksfrdaOd¾h i;Hh fyj;a ksjk tkï ;Kaydj ke;s

lsÍu hkq Nj ksfrdaOh fõ' rd." fodaI" fudayd§ ish¨ flf,ia kej; kQmoskd

mßÈ laIh lsÍu fõ' oïila mej;=ï iQ;%h wkqj iir ÿla we;s lrk tA ;Kaydj

b;sß fkdjk f,i ke;s ùu" fkdwe,au fyj;a úrd.h" ksfrdaOh" ish¨ wdYdjka

w;ayeÍu ish¨ w;ska ksoyia ùu" ñ§u wd,h ÿre lsÍu ksjkhs' ñksia is; ;=<

;Kaydj yd th uq,a fldg .;a flf,ia we;s ;dla wúoHdj rc lrhs' th w÷rls'

wúoHdfjka wkaO j ;Kaydfjka uqim;a j isák ñksiqkag we;s ;;= fkdfmfka'

we;s ;;= we;s f,i olskafka ksflf,ia ukisks' tu ;;a;ajhg m;a W;=fuda mru

iqjh ú¢kafkda h' iir kej; kQmÈkafkda h' kQmÈkd neúka uy¨ ùu" f,v ùu"

urKh wd§ lsisÿ lgql" wm%ikak w;a±lSulg" ÿla mSvdjlg f.dÿre fkdjkafkda h'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia jÞ< isõ jk wd¾h i;Hh kï ÿlaL ksfrdaO .dñkS mámÞ

wd¾h i;Hhhs' tkï ÿlska ñ§fï u.hs' tkï wx. wglska hq;= wd¾h ud¾.hhs'

tys iïud ÈÜÀ hkq p;=rd¾h i;Hh ms<sn| ×kh fõ' wl=i,h o wl=i, uQ,h o

l=i,h o l=i, uQ,h o wl=i,h o wl=i, úmdlh o l=i,h o l=i, úmdlh o ±k

±l .kakd ×kh iïud ÈÜÀhhs' fklaLïu tkï mialï iem;ska kslaóu o wkqka

fkdkeiSu o wúysxid tkï ysxid fkdlsÍu o hk fï ixl,amkdfjda iïud ixlmam

fj;s' jpkfhka isÿ jk fndre lSu" fla,dï lSu" ysia jpk lSu yd r¿ jpk lSu

hk wl=i,a i;ßka je<lSu iïud jdpd fõ' mrmK keiSu" fidrlu" je/È ldu

fiajkh" hk wl=i,a ;=fkka je<lSu ziïudlïuka;Z hhs'


wOd¾ñl Ôj;a ùfï l%uj,ska wE;a ù ±yeñ f,i Ôj;a ùu iïud wdÔjh hs' wdhqO

fjf<|du" uia fjf<|du" u;a øjH fjf<|du yd wkqka rjgk /lshdj,ska wE;a ù

wkqkag;a ;ukag;a ydkshla fkdjk wkaoñka Ôj;a ùuhs' kQmka wl=i,a fkdbmsoùu

msKsi o Wmka wl=i,a ke;s lsÍu msKsi o kQmka l=i,a bmsoùu msKsi o Wmka

l=i,a ÈhqKq lsÍu msKsi o i;rdldr W;aidyh iïud jdhduhhs' i;r i;smÜGdk

jeãu iïud i;shhs' tkï ldhdkqmiaikd" Ñ;a;dkqmiaikd" fõokdkqmiaikd"

Oïudkqmiaikd hk wkqmiaikd ÈhqKq lsÍuhs' OHdk jeãfuka is; msßisÿ lsÍu yd

tlÕ lsÍu iïud iudêhhs' tkï m%:u OHdkh" oaú;Sh OHdkh" ;D;Sh OHdkh"

p;=¾: OHdkh hk OHdk Wmojd .ekSuhs' fuys iïud ÈÜÀ iïud ixlmam hk

ud¾. wx. m%× YslaIdjg we;=<;a fõ' iïud jdpd" iïud lïuka;" iïud wdÔj hk

ud¾.dx. iS, YslaIdjg o iïud jdhdu" iïud i;s" iïud iudê hk ud¾.dx. iudê

YslaIdjg o we;=<;a fõ' by; lS iS,fhka iudêhg o iudêfhka m%×jg o .uka

l< hq;= h' th ksjka u.hs' ÿlaL ksfrdaO .dñkS mámÞjhs'

ud¾.dx. jYfhka wglska o YslaId jYfhka ;=klska o hqla; jk ÿlaL ksfrdaO

.dñkS mámÞj uOHu m%;smÞjhs' tkï nqoaOld,Sk Ndr;fhys m%Odk jYfhka ms<s.;a

úuqla;sldó mámÞjka foflka tllg fyda fkdjefgkakls' tu iuld,Sk úuqla;s

ud¾.j,ska m<uq jekak lduiqL,a,sldkqfhda.hhs' wiSñ; f,i mialï iqj fiùuhs'

b÷rka mskùuhs' th tla;rd wka;hla f,i o my;a jQ fkdÈhqKq jQ mqyqÿka ñksiqka

leue;s jk wjevÞhl jQ ms<sfj;la f,i o nqÿ oyu fmkajd fohs' tjeks ms<sfj;la

;=< iÞpdrh ixialD;sh mj;ajdf.k hd fkdyels h' th iÞpdr úfrdaë" wd.ï

úfrdaë" ñksiqka ìys lrhs' wfkla wka;h w;a;ls,u:dkqfhda.h hs' tkï úúO ÿIalr

j%; wkq.ukh lrñka wêl j wiSñ; f,i ´kElñka ÿla ú£uhs' wd.ñl wruqKla

fjkqfjka Ôú;fha ish¨ iekis,a, tu.ska lem lrkq ,efí' ÿlaL ksfrdaO.dñkS

mámÞj by; wka; folskau neyer jk neúka uOHu m%;smÞj f,i y÷kajd ;sfí'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia jÞ< ÿlaL wd¾h i;Hh uekeúka jgyd .; hq;a;ls' wm úiska

th uekeúka f;areï .; hq;= h' ÿlaL iuqohd¾h i;Hh tkï ;Kaydj m%ySk

l< hq;a;ls' wm úiska th ÿre l< hq;= h' ÿlaL ksfrdaOd¾h i;Hh tkï ksjk

w;a±lSula f,i mila l< hq;a;ls' th wm úiska m%;HlaI l< hq;= h' ÿlaL ksfrdaO

.dñkS mámÞ wd¾h i;Hh" mqyqKq l< hq;a;ls' tu m%;smÞfjys wm yeisßh hq;= h'

tÈfkÞ Èúfha § jqj o wm m<uqfjka wm bÈßfha we;s .eg¨ yÞrd f;areï .; hq;= h'

fojkq j tu .eg¨j,g ;=vq § we;s fya;= wkdjrKh lr.; hq;= h' f;jkq j úi÷u

l=ula ±hs wjfndaO lr.; hq;= h' isõ jkq j úi|k u. .uka l< hq;= h' th mdi,a

isiqkag fuf,dj .eg¨ f;areï f.k úi|d .ekSug fyd| u u. fmkaùuls'


idrdxYh

fY%aIaG jQ;a W;=ï jQ;a we;a; i;r p;=rd¾h i;Hh kñka ye¢kafõ' ÿlaL wd¾h

i;Hfhka ÿl;a" ÿlaL iuqoh wd¾h i;Hfhka ÿl yg .ekSug fya;=j;a" ÿlaL

ksfrdaO wd¾h i;Hfhka ÿl ke;s ùu;a" ÿlaL ksfrdaO .dñkS mámÞ wd¾h i;Hfhka

ÿl ke;s ùfï ud¾.h;a meyeÈ,s flf¾' nqÿ" mfia nqÿ" uyry;ka jykafia,d wd¾h

kdufhka ye¢kafjkafka fuu W;=ï wd¾h i;H i;r wjfndaO fldg .;a ksid h'

i;a;ajhd bÈßfha we;s uyd .eg¨j thg fya;=" úi÷u yd úi|k u. o fmkajd fok

fuu foaYkdj wmf.a fuf,dj Ôú;hg o uyÕ= u. fmkaùula lrhs'

l%shdldrlu

01' wiSñ; wdYdjka ksid ñksiqka ÿlg m;a jk ieá meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' wm uqyqK fok .eg¨ f;areï f.k úi|d .ekSug p;=rd¾h

i;Hfhka ,nd .; yels wdo¾Yh fmkajd fokak'

mejreu

ksjfia § Tn yd wfkl=;a idudðlhska uqyqK fok .eg¨ folla kï fldg tAjd

p;=rd¾h i;H l%uhg ú.%y lrkak'

mqyqKqjg

h:dmsuQf, wkqmoaofõ o<afya - ýkafkdams relafLda mqkf¾jrEy;s

tAjxms ;Kaydkqifha wkQyf;a - ksín;a;;s ÿlaLñox mqkmamqkx

Ôïu moh - ;Kayd j.a.h&

hï fia uq,a ksremøs;j ;sìh§ lmk ,o .i kej; kej; ,sh,hso" tfuka ishqï

f,i fyda we;s ;Kaydj bj;a fkdl< l,ays ÿl kej; kej; yg.kshs'


nqÿ isß;hs - mßirhhs16

wm wjg we;s jgmsgdj mßirh f,i ye¢kafjk nj Tn okakd lreKls' th m%Odk

jYfhka fohdldr h' tkï"

1' Ôj mßirh

2' wÔj mßirh hkqfjks'

fuhska Ôj mßirhg ñksid we;=¿ ish¨ i;a;aj iuQyhd;a fkduereKq ;=re,;d

wdÈh;a we;=<;a fõ' wÔj mßirhg wh;a jkafka jd;h" c,h" ysret<sh" mi" l÷"

fy,a" m¾j; wdÈhhs' fï Ôj mßirh flfrys wÔj mßirh o wÔj mßirh flfrys

Ôj mßirh o wfkHdakH jYfhka n,mdhs' fuu mßir moaO;s fol mj;skqfha

tlsfklg Wmldr j h' ñksiqka iys; Ôj mßirh úiska wÔj mßirfha hy

meje;au o wÔj mßirh úiska ñksiqka we;=¿ Ôj mßirfha hymeje;au o we;s l<

hq;= fjhs'

ñksidf.a hq;=lu úh hq;af;a mßirh wdrlaId lsÍuhs' tA i|yd mßirhg wdorh

lrk ñksiqka ìys úh hq;= h' fï f,dalfha mßirhg ysff;IS j lghq;= l< ñksiqka

w;r m%uqL;ajh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiag h' fndaêi;aj pß;h ;=<skq;a"

nqoaO pß;h ;=<skq;a" foaYkd l< O¾uh ;=<skq;aa Ôj wÔj mßirh flfrys mej;s

f<ka.;=lu fldf;la o hkak jgyd.; yels h' Wmf;a isg nqoaO mßks¾jdKh

olajd jQ nqoaO pß;h wOHhkh lrkafkl=g Wka jykafia mßirh flfrys

ys;dkqlïmS j lghq;= l< wjia:d fldf;l=;a y÷kd.; yels h'

isÿy;a fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a Wm; isÿjQfha ¨ïìks kï i,a Whfkys h' th

lsUq,aj;a kqjr yd foõoy kqjr w;r ud¾.fha mfil mej;s fid÷re mßir moaO;shls'

Wka jykafiaf.a <ud ld,h .; jQfha o iajdNdúl mßirh wdY%h lrf.k h' jma

u`.=,a Èk oU rela fijfKa isis,i ,nñka njqka jeãu;a" foõo;a l=ureka úiska

Bhlska úÈk ,o yxifhl= urKfhka .,jd iqjm;a fldg kej; mßirhg uqodyeÍu

iïnkaO l;d m%jD;a;sh;a Bg ksoiqkaa h' fndai;a l=ure ;reK wjêfha fiiq rc

l=udrjrekq;a iu. jkfha iqkaor;ajh ú£ug .sh wjia:djl Tn fudn ÿj mksk

f.dakqka yd uqjka ±l i;=gq jQ nj i|yka fjhs' we;eï l=udrjre i;=ka ÿqne|

f.dia lrk ysxidjka ms<sn| j l<lsÍ fndai;a l=ure jyd ud<s.hg meñKsfha

kej; Tjqka iu. Whka fl<sfhys fkdfh§ug yd ñ;% Pkak iu. muKla Whka

fl<sfhys fh§ mßirfha iqkaor;ajh w;aú£ug is;df.k h'


isÿy;a l=ure .sysf.h yer f.dia lsx l=i,.fõiS j lghq;= l< jljdkqfõ Èú

f.jQfha ñksia jdifhka f;dr ksixi, mßir moaO;Skays h' wjidkfha nqoaO;ajh

i|yd f;dard .kakd ,o fkarxckd k§ ;Srh .ek wßhmßfhaik iq;%fha § nqÿrcdKka

jykafia fufia i|yka lr we;'

—uyfKks uu l=i,h kï l=ula ±hs fidhk iq¨ jQfhï' u.O okõfjys ms<sfj<ska

ießirkafkï" Wrefõ,fhys fiakdks .u fj;e meñKsfhñ' tys jQ is;al¨ N+ñ

Nd.h o is; myojk jk ,eyen o iqÿ je,s;,d ueÈka ksù iekis,af,a .,d niakd

uyd f;dgqm<ska hq;a ukrï fkarxckd kÈh o tfia u yd;ami jQ f.dÿre.u o

ÿgqfhñ' ta ÿgq ug fï woyia my< úh'˜

—fï N+ñ Nd.h b;d ruKShhs' jk ,eyen b;d u m%idocklhs' ukd fldg we;s iqÿ

je,s;,d ueÈka .,k kÈh o is;a ikijkiq¨ fjhs' yd;ami fid÷re .u o fjhs'

mOka ù¾hh jvk l=, mq;%hl=yg ta i|yd fuhg jvd iqÿiq ;j;a ;ekla ke;ehs

ug is;a úh'˜

fndai;a pß;h yd iïnkaO jeo.;a isÿùïj,g miqìï jQfha ksy`v fid÷re mßirhls'

iqcd;d isgq ÈhKshf.a lsßms`vq odkh ms<s.;a wcm,a kq. rel msysgd ;snqfKa o ksu,

mßirhl h' fndai;=kag meka myiqj ,nd ÿka fkarxckd kÈh o" nqÿ nj ,eîug

fmr Èk Èjd úyrKh .; l< Nø jkh o fid÷re mßir moaO;s úh'

fndai;dKka jykafia wNsksIal%uKfhka wk;=rej jir yhla wßhmßfhaikfhys

fhÿfKa jk.; j h' wjidkfha Wrefj,a okõfjys fndaê m¾hxlfha § nqÿnj

,enQy' nqoaO;ajhg m;a j tu mßirfha u jev fjfiñka i;a i;shla .; l<y'

fojk i;sfha W;=ï nqÿnj ,nd §ug WmldÍ jQ wei;= fndaê jDlaIhg lD;fõÈ;ajh

±lajQfha Èk y;la weismsh fkdfy<d ta foi n,d isàfuks' th mßirhg

mQckSh;ajhla ,nd ÿka l%shdldrluls' tmuKla fkdj fuu`.ska f,dal i;a;ajhkg

w.kd mKsúvhla o ,nd ÿks' tkï l<.=K ie,lsh hq;af;a ñksid we;=¿ i;a;ajhskag

muKla fkdjk njhs' ;ukag msysg jQ mßirhg .re lsÍula o thska ms<sìUq fjhs'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia mßirhg ñ;=re j lghq;= l<d fia u mßirh o Wka jykafiag

ñ;=re j lghq;= l< wjia:d ±l.; yels h' yh jk i;sh uqp,skao ú, wi,

jevjik úg weo ye¨Kq j¾Idfjka wdrlaIdj ie,iSug uqp,skao kd.rdchd bÈßm;a

ùu thg tla ksoiqkla muKs'

nqoaO;ajhg m;a j Èú f.jQ jir 45 l ld,h ;=< § fndfyda úg Wka jykafiaf.a

jdiia:dk" oï iNd uKavm" Ndjkd wimq" odk Yd,d" úfõlh .; l< ksjiakhka

jQfha ;=re fijK h' Whka j;= h' .x.d k§ ;Srhka h' jeõ fmdl=Kq h' .sß isLrhka

yd .,a f,ka h' fl;a hdhj,a h' ta Wka jykafia fjkqfjka bÈjQ wdrdu fkd;snQ

ksid fkdfõ' Wka jykafia mßirhg ±lajQ kslaf,aYS we,au ksid h'


nqÿrcdKka jykafia iajdNdúl mßirh wdY%s; j jia úiQ ia:dk iuyrla fufia h'

² m<uq jk jia ld,h ( uqjkaf.a wNh N+ñhla njg m;a j ;snQ nrKei

bism;k ñ.odh

² fojk" f;jk yd f,fyKqkaf.a wNh N+ñhl msysá

isõ jk jia ld,hka š ( fõ¿jkdrdufha jev jdih lr we;'

WK .iska ieÈ jkhl msysá ksid

fõ¿jkdrduh kï úh'

² mia jk jia ld,h ( úYd,d uykqjr l+Gd.dr f,fkys

² yh jk jia ld,h ( ul=, m¾j;fhys

² wg jk jia ld,h ( fNaIl,d m¾j;fhys

² oy jk jia ld,h ( mdßf,hH jkfhys jev jiñka wef;l=f.a

yd j÷frl=f.a Wjgeka ,eîu

² oy;=k" oywg" oykjh ( pd,sh m¾j;fhys jev úiSu

jia ld,h

by; ±la jQ mßÈ jia ;=ka udih ;=< o" O¾u m%pdrl fiajdfõ kshef,oa§ o

nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a úfõl ia:dk yd fkajdisl ia:dk njg m;ajQfha úúO

mßir moaO;Ska h' Noaoj.a.sh l=udrjrekag nqÿ rcdKka jykafia uqK .eiqfKa

o nrKei isg Wrefõ,djg jäk ud¾.fhys msysá lemafmáhd ,eyenl úfõl

iqjfhka miq jk úg h' ìñìidr rcq nqÿrcdKka jykafia neye ±lSug meñKsfha

rc.y kqjrg ióm ;,a jkhl jev isá wjia:djl h' lsUq,aj;g jeä l,ays uq,a

Èkj, Wka jykafia jdih lf<a ksf.%daO YdlH l=udrhd i;= Whfkys h' YdlH

l=udrjrejkaf.a meúoao isÿ jQfha wfkdaud k§ ;Srfhys wkqmsh wU jkfhys úfõlS

iqjfhka .;lrk úg h' iqo;a; fyj;a wfkams`vq isgq;=ud uq,ska u nqÿrcdKka

jykafia uqK .eiqfKa rc.ykqjr iS; jkfhys jev isáh § h'

iajdNdúl mßirh oï iNd uKavm njg lr .;a ;j;a wjia:d lsysmhla"

³ bism;kfha ñ.odfha § m<uq oï foiqu meje;aùu

³ .sÊcl+g m¾j;fha iQlrl; f,fkys

^W!rka yErE f,k& jevjik úg fõokd mß.%y iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu

³ bÉPdkx., jkfhys jev isáh § wïnÜG iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu

³ wÑrj;S k§ ;Srfhys msysá wU jkfhys § f;aúÊc iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu


³ úYd,d uykqjr jk mshil § uyd iSykdo iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu

³ f,fyKqkaf.a wNh N+ñhla jQ l,kaol ksjdm kï ia:dkfha § uyd

fud.a.,a,dk iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu

³ weÜfÜßhd jkhl § isximd iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu

³ pïmd kqjr wi, ..a.rd fmdl=K iómfha § fidaKoKav iQ;%h foaYkd

lsÍu

³ Ôjl wU Whfka § idu[a[M, iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu

³ uyS .x.d ;Srh wi, fid`ÿre ijia Nd.fha § Oksh f.damd, iQ;%h

foaYkd lsÍu

³ fl;a hdhl § liS Ndroajdc iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu

fï wdldrhg oï iNd uKavm njg m;a jQ iajdNdúl ia:dk /ila ms<sn| j f;dr;=re

iQ;% msglfhys ±lafõ'

mßirfha fid÷re nj we.hSug ,la l< wjia:d"

nqÿrcdKka jykafia mßirfha iqkaor;ajh úrd.S j j¾Kkd l< wjia:d /ila o

O¾u .%ka:j, ±lafjhs' Wka jykafia ks;r weiqre l< rc.ykqjr yd ta wjg ia:dk

lsysmhla y÷kajd fokafka fufia h'


—wdkkaofhks" fï rc.ykqjr is;a w,jk iq¨ h" tfia u ksf.%daOh is;al¨ h'

fp!r m%md;h is;al¨ h' fõydr m¾j; md¾Yajfhys jQ ima;m¾kS .=ydj o is;al¨ h'

bis.s,s md¾Yajfha ld,Ys,dj o is;al¨ h' YS;jkfhys jQ imam fidKaäl míNdrh o

ukrï h' ;fmdaodrduh o tn÷ u h' ;j o l,kaol ksjdms kï jQ fõ¿jkh;a

uoaol=Éý kï jQ uqj jkh;a is;a weo.kakd iq¨ h' tmßoafoka u wdkkaoh" Ôjlhkaf.a

wU Whk o ukrï h'˜

úYd,d uykqjr msysá iqkaor ia:dk o j¾Kkhg ,la jQfha fï whqßks' tys jQ Wfoak"

f.da;ul" i;a;ïnl" idrkaoo wd§ jYfhka ffp;H ia:dk .Kkdjl ruKSh nj

fm< oyfï olajd ;sfí' we;eï úg ird.S mqoa.,fhda fun÷ mßirhkays iqkaor;ajh

fkdoks;s' ke;fyd;a tn÷ ia:dk Tjqyq ksire ls%hdldrlï i|yd fhdodf.k úkdY

lr ou;s' tfuka u úrd.S W;=ukag fid÷re ;eka ird.S wh ìhlre f,i ols;s' tla

wjia:djl nqÿrcdKka jykafia yqol,dj jkfhys fjfik úg foúfhla meñK

uoaoyfkys úfõl .kakd jQ mlaISka fjfik uy y`vla k.k jkh ;ukg ìh

Wmojk ;ekla nj mjihs' kuq;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia Tyqg okajd isáfha ;ukg

tu mßirh is;a mskjk fid÷re ;ekla nj h'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia ;=re ,;djkays" c, ;,djkays" msßisÿ jd;fhys wdrlaIdj

;yjqre jk f,i ;u Ôú;h .; lsÍfuka fkdkej;=Ky' mßir ÿIKh j<lajd

.ekSfuka ish¨ i;a;ajhkaf.a Ôú; iqrlaIs; jk whqßka lghq;= lsÍug fhduq jQy'

wkjYH f,i Wia y`äka l:d lrk m%,dmhkays fhfok ñksiqka isák ;ekaj,g

jevu lsÍu Wka jykafia m%;slafIam l<y' ;u fikiqkaj, tn÷ wñysß f,i ni

yiqrjk msßia wjjdo § ksis u.g .kq ,enQy' fmdÜGmdo msßjeðhdf.a wdY%uhg

nqÿrcdKka jykafia jevu lrk úg Tyq fiiq msßjeðhka ksYaYío lrkq ,enqfõ

Wia y`äka l;d l<fyd;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia ;u wimqjg jevu fkdlrdú hehs

m%ldY lrñks' foõrï fjfyrg jevu l< NslaIQka msßila uy Yío k.ñka Wia

y`äka l;d lrk úg fldjq,ka fia f>daId fkdfldg wdrdufhka msg j hk f,ig

wjjdo lr we;' fndfyda úg úYd, Y%djl msßila iu. fjfik wjia:dj, § mjd

±ä ksy`v;djla meje;=Ks' wcdi;a rc;=ud we;=¿ msßi Ôjl wU Whkg meñKsfha

nqÿrcdKka jykafia uqK.eiSug h' ta jk úg tys NslaIQka jykafia tlaodia foiShla

muK jev isáhy' kuq;a fï msßif.ka lsúiqï y`vla j;a fkdweiSu ksid rc;=ud

ìhg m;a úh' Ôjl ffjoH;=ud nqÿ mdfudla uyd i`.rejfka iajNdjh ta nj mjid

rcqf.a ìh ÿre lr we;'

mßir moaO;s ;=< jik i;=kaf.a Ôú; iqrlaIs; l< wjia:d o nqÿ isß; ;=<

fldf;l=;a ±lsh yels h' <uqka msßilf.a ysßyerhg ,la j isá .er`ähl= bka

.,jd .ekSu;a" Wfoaks rc;=udf.a we;ayf,a isg miq j fkdi,ld yeÍug ,la j

isá Nøj;sld we;skakg mqreÿ Wjgeka ,nd §ug ie,eiaùu ;=<skq;a m%lg lf<a Ôj

mßirfha wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍfï wdo¾Yhhs'


fï wdldrhg ¨ïìks i,a Whfkka Èú .uk werUQ fndai;dKka jykafia

fndaêuQ,fha § nqoaO;ajhg m;a j l=iskdrd kqjr u,a, rc orejkaf.a Wmj¾;k i,a

Whfka § msßksjka mdkd f;la iajdNdúl mßirfha Èú f.jñka f,dal i;a;ajhdg

fndfyda wdo¾Y iemhQy' tA w;r mßir iqrlaIs;;dj" tys fmdaIKh yd th ¥IKfhka

j<lajd .ekSug ,nd ÿka pß;do¾Yh iuia; udkj mrmqrg u lshd ÿka mdvuls' tu

mdvfuka wdo¾Y ,ndf.k ish¨ i;a;ajhska we;=¿ Ôù wÔù mßirhg fifkyi"

wdorh ±laùug mqreÿ fjuq' túg fyg WmÈk mrmqrg fid÷re mßirhla ks¾udKh

jkq we;'

idrdxYh

Ôj wÔj jYfhka j¾.SlrKhlg ,la flfrk iajdNdúl mßirfha wdrlaIdj

;yjqre lsÍu ñys;,fha u wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍuls' tA i|yd mßirhg wdorh

lrk ñksiqka ìys úh hq;= h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia tn÷ W;=fuls' Wka jykafia

kslaf,aYS j mßirhg we¨ï l< Ydia;Djrfhl= nj fndaêi;aj pß;h ;=<skq;a" nqoaO

pß;h ;=<skq;a" b.ekajQ oyu ;=<skq;a m%lg flfrk wjia:d fndfyda ksoiqka u.ska

;yjqre l< yels h' fuys § Wka jykafiaf.a pß;h mßirh ms<sn| iqyo ixfõ§

wdl,amhla wm ;=< Wmojhs'

l%shdldrlu

1' fndai;=kaf.a mßir ys;ldó nj m%lg flfrk wjia:d folla fmkajd fokak'

2' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska Yío ¥IKh je<elaùug l%shd l< wjia:d folla

,shkak'

3' zwZ fldgig .e<fmk ms<s;=r zwdZ fldgiska f;dard ms<s;=rg ysñ wxlh

jryka ;=< fhdokak'

w wd

1' fkajdisl ia:dkhls ^ & 1' l+Gd.dr f,k

2' oïiNd uKavmhla njg m;a jQ ;ekls ^ & 2' fndaê uQ,h

3' úfõlS iqjfhka .; l< wjia:djls ^ & 3' idrkaoo ffp;Hh

4' jia úiQ ia:dkhls ^ & 4' ksf.%daO Whk

5' j¾Kkdjg ,la jQ ia:dkhls ^ & 5' l,kaol ksjdmh

mejreu

nqoaO pß;h ;=<ska mßir iqrlaIs;;djg .; yels wdo¾Y kñka úÿyf,a fn!oaO YsIH

ix.uhg bÈßm;a lrk l;djl msgm;la ,shkak'


kSfrda.S nj W;=ï ,dNhhs17

nqÿ oyu wkqj mqoa.,hdg je<f|k frda. jHdê hkqfjka o ye¢kafõ' frda.S ùu

jHdëkag f.dÿre ùu fyj;a f,v ùu ÿlls' iir ießirk wmg uqyqK §ug

isÿ ù we;s" wm wleue;s wm%ikak lgql w;a±lSï w;r fuh o uq,a ;ekla .kakd

nj m<uq O¾u foaYkdfõ § u nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y' nqoaO jpkh wkqj frda.

fohdldr h' tkï"

1' ldhsl frda.

2' fÉ;isl frda.

ñksiqkag ldhsl frda. fuka u fÉ;isl fyj;a udkisl frda. o je<f|hs' fndfyda

úg ldhsl frda.j,g o jvd udkisl frda. mSvdckl h' tfia u ldhsl frda.j,ska

f;dr j oi jirla fyda ishla jirla jikafkl= isáh yels kuq;a udkisl frda.j,ska

f;dr lsisfjl=;a isáh fkdyels h' ish¨ flf,ia keiQ ry;=ka jykafia muKla

iißka tf;r j ienE udkisl kSfrda.S nj Wodlr .kakdy'

nqoaO foaYkdj wmg je<f|k úúO ldhsl frda. .ek o wjYH wjOdkh fhduq

lrhs' .sßudkkao kï iajdóka jykafia kulg nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< mßÈ fï

isrefrys úúO wdndO yg .kS' weia frda." Y%jK frda." kdid frda." Èfjys frda."

isrefrys" ysfiys" lfkys" uqLfhys yg .kakd frda." o;a frda." laIh frda.h" weÿu"

mSki" ±ú,a," WK" l=fiys frda." isys uq¾Pd ùu" f,a w;Sidrh" fld<rdj" l=Iag" .vq"

yfï frda." Yajik frda." wmiaudr" oo" lvqfõ.ka" f.ä" leiSu" mKqfydß" r;a ms;a"

Èhjeähdj" wxYNd." ms<sld" N.kao,d wd§ jYfhks'

nqÿrdcKka jykafia úiska .sßudkkao iajdóka jykafiag tys § frda. je<£ug fya;=

jk lreKq wgla o fmkajd § ;sfí' fuu frda. j¾. fldg ±laùula o tys ±l .;

yels h'

1' YÍr.; ms;a Od;=j lsmSfuka je<f|k frda.

2' fiï Od;=j lsmSfuka je<f|k frda.

3' jd;h lsmSfuka je<f|k frda.

4' jd" ms;a" fiï hk ;=ka fodia lsmSfuka yg .kakd frda.


5' iD;= úm¾hdi ksid je<f|k frda.

6' je/È ldhsl ls%hdldrlïj,ska yg .kakd frda.

7' wkqkaf.a Wml%u ksid yg .kakd frda.

8' l¾u úmdl wkqj yg .kakd frda.

ñksiqkag je<f|k udkisl frda. .ek nqÿ oyfï we;s wjOdkh b;d úYd, h'

iuia;hla jYfhka rd." oafõY" fuday" B¾IHd" fl%daO" uo" udk wdÈ ish¨ flf,ia

udkisl frda. f,i ye¢kaúh yels h' ñksia is; .ek mrf;rg u ±k isá nqÿrcdKka

jykafia tys yg .kakd frda.dndO yd tajd iqj lr .ekSu .ek o uekeúka ±k

isáhy' ñksia is;a ;=< we;s flf,ia kï jYfhka fuka u ixLHd;aul j o olajk

wjia:d rdYshla nqoaO foaYkfhys wka;¾.; h' fuu rd.d§ flf,ia u;ska u;a jQ

frda.S jQ is;a i;ka we;s ñksiaiq úúO ÿisß;aj,g fhduq fj;s' tfia u fï udkisl

frda. ksid u fuf,dj o mrf,dj o ÿlg u f.dÿre ù isá;s' we;eï úg fujeks

udkisl ÿ¾j,;d nqÿ oyfï ye¢kafjkafka Wmlaf,Y hkqfjks' ;j;a ;efkl

kSjrK hkqfjks' iuyr ;ekaj, ixfhdack hkqfjks'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia fufia jod<y' —uu iïnqoaO fjñ' fYa%IaG;u Y,H ffjoHjrhd o

fjñ'˜ Wka jykafia úiska fjolï lrk ,oafoa ñksia is;a ;=< wekS we;s rd.dÈ W,a

weo ±óug h' Ñls;ail ffjoHjre msf;ka yg .kakd wdndO" fifuka yg .kakd

wdndO yd jd;fhka yg .kakd wdndO iukh lsÍug m%;sldr lr;s' nqÿrcdKka

jykafia rd.fhka o oafõYfhka o fudayfhka o yg .kakd frda.j,g m%;Sldr

lr;s' ta" flf,ia uq,ska Wmqgd ±óug h' tu.ska iir ish¨ ÿla iukh fõ'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia ffjoHjrhl= nj fm< oyfï u i|yka fõ' zi;ayg jk nj

ÿlg fjodKkaZ hkq f,dajev iÕrdfõ tk lú mohls' bka lshefjkafka iir

ÿlg m%;sldr lrk W;=ï ffjoHjrhd nqÿrcdKka jykafia nj h' fndfyda ldhsl

frda.j,g o udkisl fya;= we;s nj ffjoHjre ms<s.ks;s' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska

ish,a,g is; m%Odk hehs jodf<a ishjia úismylg fmr h'

;uka jykafiaf.a .sys meúÈ Y%djlhka udkisl jYfhka fuka u ldhsl jYfhka o

kSfrda.S j Ôj;a jkq ±lSu nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a wfmalaIdj úh' NslaIQkaf.a ldhsl

frda.j,g kshu l< fnfy;a .ek o úkh msglfhys i|yka fõ' fm!oa.,sl

mú;%;dj weiqßka o ldhsl kSfrda.S nj Wodlr .; yels hehs nqÿ oyu fmkajd fohs'

;u Y%djlhkag msßisÿ j isàug" ks;r iakdkh lsÍug" isjqre w|k" fmdfrdakdÈh

msßisÿ j ;nd .ekSug wkq±k jod< ;eka /ila úkh .%ka:j, ±lafõ' .s,kami hkq

isõ mifhka tlls' wfõ,dfjys wdydr fkd.kakd NslaIQka .s,kaùu j<lajd,Sug

lemirema mdk j¾. je<¢h yels h' tajd .s,kami kï fõ' NslaIQka úiska ukd isys

kqjKska hq;= j .s,kami mßyrKh l< hq;= h' fnfy;a je<¢h hq;= h' Wmkakd jQ

wdndOhla ldhsl fõokdjla ke;s lr .ekSfï woyiska tfia l< hq;= hehs W.kajd

;sfí'


NslaIQka úiska isõmih mßyrKfha § ish kSsfrda.S nj .ek o ie,ls,su;a fjñka

ls%hd l< hq;= nj úkfhys olajd ;sfí' wdydr wkqNj l< hq;af;a l=ig Tfrd;a;=

fok ;rug h' l=i msfrkakg u fkdfõ' n;a ms~q 4la 5la je<£ug b;sß j

;sìh § c,h mdkh lrkak hehs wjjdo lr ;sfí' fldfid,a rcqg o jodf<a muK

±k wdydr .kakd f,i h' le| mdkfhys wdksixi fjk u u olajd ;sfí' tfia u

isjqre fmrùu" mdjyka Ndú;h" c,h mßyrKh wd§ ish¨ fm!oa.,sl ld¾hhkays §

fi!LH iïmkak j ls%hd lsÍug wkq±k jodrd ;sfí'

kSfrda.S Ndjh we;s jk mßÈ mßirh mj;ajdf.k hEu .ek nqÿrcdKka jykafia

olajd we;s Wkkaÿj b;d úYd, h' le,sli< neyer lsÍu" fl< .eiSu" u, uq;%d

lsÍu wdÈ ls%hdldrlïj, § mßirhg isÿ jk ydksh je<elaùug we;eï YslaId mo

mkjd ;sfí' wd.ka;=l j;" wdjdisl j;" .ñl j;" N;a;.a. j;" jeisls<s j;

wdÈ jYfhka ±lafjk NslaIQka jykafia,dg wod< j;a uq¿ukska u mdfya mßir

ixrlaIKhg WmldÍ fõ'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia úêu;a Èk pßhdjla wkq.ukh l<y' tys oka je<£ug" meka

myiq ùug" úfõl .ekSug" ie;mSug ksYaÑ; ld,mrdihla ;sìK' wmg thskao

wdo¾Y .; yels h' wfõ,dfõ c,iakdkh lsÍfuka je<lSu" m%udKj;a kskaola ,nd

.ekSu" YdÍßl jHdhduj, fh§u" Ndjkdj keue;s udkisl jHdhdufhys fh§u

wdÈfhys wjYH;dj nqÿ isßf;ka fuka u nqÿ oyfukao fmkajd fohs' ilauka lsÍfï

wdksYxi weiqfrka jHdhdu .ek wjOdkh fhduql< yels h' Èkm;d lsishï ÿrla

weú§u fi!LH iïmkak Ôú;hlg w;HjYH jQjla f,i wo ms<sf.k we;' tfiau

Ndjkdj udkisl fi!LHhg ys;lr nj ;yjqre jQjls'

fufia ldhsl yd udkisl frda. f;areï .ekSu;a tajdg ;=vq fok úúO fya;= ±l

tu fya;= ke;s lr .ekSu;a ta ;=<ska kSfrda.S nj Wodlr .ekSu;a ms<sn| j O¾u

úkfhys fndfyda lreKq i|yka j ;sfí' kSfrda.s nj W;=ï ,dNhls' orejka jYfhka

wm by; lS nqoaOdjjdo ms<sn| j o ie,ls,su;a fjñka Wmßu fi!LHiïmkak

Ôú;hla .; lsÍug ieu úg u W;aidy l< hq;= h' wmg bf.kSfuka ksis M, ,eìh

yelafla o wdhqj¾Kd§ iem ,eìh yelafla o iißka tf;r ùug ms<sfj;a msßh

yelafla o kSfrda.S Ôú;hla f.dvkÕd .ekSu ;=<sks'


idrdxYh

nqÿ oyu wkqj ldhsl yd udkisl hehs frda. fohdldr h' tu frda. .ek o tajd

je<£ug ;=vq fok úúO fya;= .ek o frda.dndOhkaf.ka je<lsSu yd je<÷Kq frda.

iqj lr .ekSu .ek o nqÿ oyfuys fuka u NslaIQ úkfhys o b;d jeo.;a lreKq

i|yka fjhs' yefok jefvk ¥ mq;=ka jk wmg o tu nqoaO foaYkd yd mekùï ;=<ska

kSfrda.S ñksiqka ùu i|yd u. fmkaùula ,nd .; yels h

ls%hdldrlu

1' ldhsl kSfrda.;dj we;s lr .ekSu i|yd wm wkq.ukh l< hq;= lreKq

;=kla nqÿ oyu weiqßka kï lrkak'

2' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska udkisl kSfrda.;dj /l.ekSu i|yd fok ,o

Wmfoia meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mejreu

1' mdi,a mßY%h mú;% j ;nd .ekSu i|yd jHdmD;shla ie,iqï fldg ls%hd;aul

lrkak'

2' wx.=;a;r ksldfha nqoaO chka;s uqøKfha ;=kajk ldKavfha 44 msgqfõ

pxludksixi iQ;%h;a tysu 402 msgqfõ hd.= iQ;%h iy oka;lÜg iQ;%h lshjd

tajdfha we;=<;a lreKq Tfí igyka fmd;g .kak'

mqyqKqjg

wdfrda.H mrud ,dNd - ika;=ÜÁ mrux Okx

úiaidi mrud Ø;s - ksíndK mrux iqLx

Ôïu moh ¡ iqL j.a.&

,dNhka w;ßka kSfrda.s nj W;=ï h' Ok iïm;a w;ßka i;=g fY%aIaG h' {d;Ska

w;ßka úYajdijka;hd W;=ï h' f,dalfha yeu iem;g u jvd ksjka iemh W;=ï fõ'


ksje/È wdydr mßfNdackfhka

iqj fia fjfiuq

18

ish¨ i;a;ajfhda wdydrfhka Ôj;a fj;s' fï nqoaO foaYkhhs' wdydrmdk fkdf.k

ljr ñksil=g fyda l=uk ;sßika i;a;ajhl=g fyda Ôj;a úh fkdyels h' wmg

wdhqI o j¾Kh o iemh o n,h o m%{dj o iir iekis,sodhl Ôú;hla i|yd

wjYH h' ri .=K we;s uekeúka ieliQ wdydrhla ;=<ska wmg by; lS iïm;a my

u ,efí' Èkla fldfid,a uyrcq nqÿrcdKka jykafia yuq ùug meñKsfha wdydr

f.k fkdfnda fõ,djlsks' isß;a mßÈ fyf;u ke,s i;rlaj;a n;a wkqNj fldg

isáfha h' tneúka nqÿrcdKka jykafia bÈßfha uy;a fldg iqiqï fy<ñka b;d

wmyiqfjka isàug t;=udg isÿ úh' nqÿrdKka jykafia tl;amia j isá rc;=udg

wjjdo l< nj foaYkdfjys i|yka fõ' yeu l,ays u ukd isysfhka hq;= j muK ±k

wdydr .kakd ñksiqkaf.a ÿla fõokdjka ;=kS fõ' tfia iSudj" m%udKh ±k wdydr

je<`¥ úg wdydr fiñka Èrhs' Tjqkaf.a wdhqIh jefvkafka h' fodaKmdl iQ;%fha

i|yka fuu mqj; f,dl= l=vd wm ldyg jqj o b;d jeo.;a h'

wm wdydr mßfNda. l< hq;af;a isys kqjKsks' NslaIQka jykafia,dg W.kajd we;s

msKavmd; mrsfNdackhg wod< m%;HfõlaIdj wm ldg;a fyd| u. fmkaùula fõ'

oka je<£ug fmr Wka jykafia,d úiska we;s lr .kq ,nk is;=ú,a, fufia h' —uu

isys kqjKska hq;= j msKavmd;h mßyrKh lrñ' ud fï wdydr j<|kafka l%Svdj msKsi

fkdfõ' uo jvkq msKsi o fkdfõ' lvjiï jkq msKsi o fkdfõ' isrer irid .kq

msKsi o fkdfõ' hï ;dla fï isrefrys hemSu msKsi muKs' ms<sfj;a msÍug Wmldrhla

f,i muKs'˜ fufia NslaIQka jykafia,d oka j<|kafka Wiia wruqKla bgq lr

.ekSug Wmldr jYfhka muKla nj fmfka' ud;%dj fyj;a iSudj ±k ukd isys

kqjKska hq;= j Wiia wruqKlaa fmr±ß fldg wdydr mßfNdackh lsÍug nqÿ oyu u.

fmkajk nj by; lS ish¨ lreKqj,ska meyeÈ,s fõ' ksje/È j wdydr mßfNdackh

lsÍu tla w;lska YÍr fi!LHhg o ys;lr h' wdhQj¾KdÈh ,efnkafka tfia

wdydr wkqNj lsÍfuks' wúêu;a f,i tfuka u .scq f,i wdydr wkqNj lrkakka

mia fofkl= .ek fn!oaO idys;Hfhys i|yka fjhs'

1' wdyr y;a:l

wkqkaf.a w;a Wojq ke;s j keÕsákakg neß ;rug wêl j wdydr .kakd ;eke;a;d


2' w,xidgl

wdydr .;a miq we÷u we| .ekSugj;a neß ;rug" we÷u .ekj;a fkdi,ld wdydr

.kakd ;eke;a;d

3' ;;a:djÜgl

keÕsg .ekSug;a neß ;rug lEu f.k tys u fmr<S isák ;eke;a;d

4' ldludil

lmqgl=g fydgh oud .ekSug yels jk ;rug W.=rg u msfrk ;=re wdydr .kakd

;eke;a;d

5' N=;a;jñ;l

wkqNj l< wdydr judrd oud kej;;a wdydr .kakd ;rug lEug .scq jQ ;eke;a;d

fï mia fokdf.ka u yeÕfjkafka wdydrhg wêl f,i .scq jQ mqoa.,hka .ekhs'

.scq lñka f;dr j" wdydrfhys m%fhdackh .ek i,ld wdydr .ekSfï jeo.;alu

.ekhs" fuhska wjOdkh fhduq flfrkafka' NslaIQka jykafia,dg wod< b;d jeo.;a

wdpdr O¾u iuQyhla we;' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska úkfhys wkq±k jodrd we;s

isß;a úß;a iuQyhla o ta w;r fjhs' tajd y÷kajkafka fiaÅhd hkqfjks' wdydr

mßfNdackh yd ne÷Kq fiaÅhd /ils' tajd YsIag iïu; f,i;a fi!LH iïmkak

f,i;a wdydr .ekSug wod< fõ' tys ±lafjkafka wdydr .ekSfï § fkdl< hq;=

foaj,a h'

² wdydr <x lsÍug l,ska u uqLh újD; lsÍu

² wdydr .kakd úg w;a, uqLhg we;=¿ lsÍu

² wdydr uqLfhys ;sìh § l:d ny lsÍu

² uqLh újD; fldg ta ;=<g wdydr úis lsÍu

² n;a ms`v láka lv lvd je<£u

² w;.id ouñka wdydr .ekSu

² Èj uqúka msg;g weo wdydr .ekSu

² iqre iqre y`v k.ñka wdydr .ekSu

² w; f,jlñka wdydr .ekSu

² md;%h f,jlñka wdydr .ekSu

² f;d,a f,jlñka wdydr .ekSu

² b÷,a iys; w;ska meka n÷k .ekSu

² j÷rka fuka ylafla ;ndf.k wdydr wkqNj lsÍu


fuu jdß;%" úkfhys NslaIQka jykafia,dg wkq±k jodrd we;s kuq;a" tajd .sys

iudchg wh;a f,dl= l=vd ieug u b;d jákd u. fmkaùula imhhs' by; olajd

we;s fkdl< hq;= ls%hd lrñka wdydr wkqNj lrkafkda YsIag iïmkak iudcfha

wjudkhg ,lafj;s'

fldfid,a uy rcqg nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< by; i|yka wjjdofhys fuka u

;j;a fndfyda wjia:djkays § muK ±k wdydr .ekSug .sys meúÈ fomlaIhg u

wkqYdikd lr ;sfí' fNdackfha muK fkdokakd ;eke;a;d ÿ¾j, .ila iq<Õska

weo jefgkakd fia ure ji`.hg weo jefgk nj Oïu mofhys olajd ;sfí' ´jdo

m%d;sfudalaIh kñka ye¢kafjk ish¨ nqÿjrekaf.a wkqYdikh ;=< NslaIQka jykafia

muK ±k wdydr .; hq;= hehs olajd ;sfí'

wm Ôj;a jk fï iudch iuyreka y÷kajkafka mßfNdackjd§ iudchla f,ihs'

tkï wdydr we;=¿ fN!;sl iïm;a ÈhqKq lsÍu" b;sß lsÍu" /l .ekSu wdÈhg fhduq

ùï wvq" mßfNdackh lsÍug u uq,a ;ek fok ñksiqka nyq, iudchla f,i h'

wúêu;a j wYsIag j fi!LH iïmkak fkdjk mßÈ we;eï úg wys;lr jQ wdydr

mßfNdackh lsÍug we;eï orefjda o fndfyda jeäysáfhda o fhduq ù isá;s'

j¾;udk ld¾hnyq, iudcfha fndfyda fofkla ksje/È wdydr rgdjla wkq.ukh

fkdlr;s¦ iun, wdydr fõ,l wjYH;dj ms<sn| j ±kqïj;a jqjo th ilia lr

.ekSug ;rï úfõlhla fkd,oafoda fj;s' ojfia kshñ; fõ,djl wdydr .ekSuo

fndfydaúg fkdisÿjk w;r flá wdydr" msIaGh nyq, wdydr" f;,a iys; wdydr"

fkdfhl=;a j¾Kl rildrl fh¥ wdydr jeämqr Ndú;hg .ks;s' fï ;;a;ajh ksid

wdhqIh o j¾Kh o iemh o n,h o msßySug fya;=ù ;sfí' úúO frda.dndOdj,g uq,a

ù ;sfí' tn÷ wys;lr kqiqÿiq mqreÿ wYsIag .;s mej;=ï yer oud .scq núka f;dr j

ys;lr wys;lr wdydr ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a j l%shd lsÍu Wfoid fn!oaO b.ekaùï

fyd| u. fmkaùula ,nd fohs'

tu.ska ldhsl udkisl frda.dndO wju lsÍu" is;ska fuka u lhska o ;udg;a

iudchg;a M,odhl oE l< wfhl= ìys ùu" wd¾Ól Yla;sh jeä ÈhqKq ùu wd§

fndfyda m%fhdack ,efí' úfYaIfhka u Tn jeks wkd.;hg uqyqK fok orejkag

fuu Wmfoia fnfyúka u M,odhl fõ'


idrdxYh

ksje/È wdydr mßfNdackh u.ska mqoa.,hl=f.a YsIag iïmkak nj;a kSfrda.S nj;a

/fla' tn÷ úêu;a ksje/È yd M,odhl wdydr mßfNdackhla mj;ajdf.k hdug

.sys meúÈ fomlaIhg u nqÿ oyñka u. fmkajd ;sfí' tu u. fmkaùu fi!LH

iïmkak iudchla f.dv k.d .ekSug fnfyúka Wmldr jk nj lsj hq;= h'

ls%hdldrlu

1' nqÿ oyfï b.ekafjk muK fkd±k wdydr wkqNj lrk mqoa.,hka mia fokd

kï lrkak'

2' wdydr wkqNj lsÍfï § wm úiska wkq.ukh l< hq;= fyd| mqreÿ myla ,shkak

mejreu

1' fjf<| mf<ka wdydr ñ, § .kakd úg ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq ,ehsia;=

.; lrkak'

mqyqKqjg

iqNdkqmiaisx úyrka;x

bkaøsfhaiq wixjq;x

fNdackïysp wu;[a[qx

l=iS;x ySkùßhx

;xfõ miy;s udfrda

jdf;da relaLxj ÿín,x

Ôïumo - hul j.a.&

hfula ;ud olakd rEmdÈh m%shukdm jYfhka i,lñka jdih flf¾ o" weia lka

kdid§ bkaøshhkag leue;s fia yeisfrkakg bv foa o" wdydrfhys muK fkdokS o"

lïue,s fõ o" wvq ù¾hh we;af;a o" ta mqoa.,hd" iq<`. úiska ÿ¾j, .ila ìu fy,kq

,nkakd fia" flf,ia urejd úiska ìu fy,kq ,efí'


iiqk iq/ls ix.dhkd19

nqÿ oyfï Ñr meje;au i|yd isÿ flreK úúO l%shdldrlï w;r O¾u ix.dhkd

m%uqL ia:dkhla .kshs' O¾u ix.dhkdjla hkq ‘‘nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska foaYkd

lrk ,o O¾uh yd mkjk ,o úkh NslaIQka jykafia,d tla ù iÊ®dhkd lsÍu˜

hehs ir, j w¾:l:kh l< yels h' th ;rula úia;rd;aul j bÈßm;a l< fyd;a"

bka woyia jkafka YdikdNsjDoaêldó uy f;rjreka úiska nqoaO jpkh talrdYs

fldg je/È woyia we;=<;a ù we;akï tAjd ksje/È fldg we;s jk .eg¨ O¾u

úkhg wkqj úi|ñka" Ydik fYdaOkhla we;s lr,Su wruqKq fldg f.k isÿ lrk

l%shdj,shls'

fï W;=ï wruqK fmr±ß j isÿ l< ix.dhkd ms<sn| j Ydik b;sydifha i|yka fõ'

tA wkqj f:Arjd§ fn!oaO iïm%odh u`.ska meje;ajQ ix.dhkd yhls' bka m<uq jekak

nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka f;uila .sh ;ek u.O rdcHfha rc.y kqjr § o" fojekak

nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka jir ishhla .sh ;ek úYd,d uykqjr § o" f;jekak nqÿrÿka

msßksjka md jir 236 la .sh ;ek me<¨ma kqjr § o mj;ajd we;' y;r jk O¾u

ix.dhkdj l%s'mQ' m<uq jeks ishjfia ,xldfõ ud;f,a w¨úydrfha § o" mia jk

yd yh jk ix.dhkdj ñhekaudrfha § ^nqreuh& o mj;ajd we;' óg wu;r j

Ndr;fha u mej;s y;r jk O¾u ix.dhkdjla .ek o b;sydifha i|yka fjhs' th

f:arjd§ iïm%odhg wh;a fkdfjhs' ,laÈj § isÿ l< nj ±lafjk y;r jk f:arjd§

ix.dhkd j ms<sn|j;a Ndr;fha § isÿ l< y;r jk lKsIal ix.dhkdj ms<sn|j;a

fuu mdvu ;=<ska wms W.ksuq'

w¨úydr ix.S;sh fyj;a isõ jk f:arjdo ix.S;sh

ishjia mylg jeä ld,hla mj;ajdf.k tk ,enQ f:arjd§ nqÿ oyu m<uq jrg

mqiafld< fmd;aj, ,shjqfKa fuu ix.S;sfha § h' tA ksid u fuh mqia;ldrEV ix.S;sh

f,i o ye¢kafjhs' nqoaO mßks¾jdKfha mgka Ydik udul NdKl f;rjreka úiska

uqL mrïmrdfjka mj;ajdf.k wd ;%smsgl O¾uh .%ka:drEV lsÍu fuys § isÿ úh'

th YS% ,dxlsl f.!rjkSh uyd ix>r;akh úiska lrk ,o W;=ï hq. fufyjrls'


ix.dhkdj meje;aùug fya;=

Ydik b;sydih úuiSfï § mqia;ldrEV ix.S;sh meje;aùug ,dxflah NslaIQka

jyiafia,d fm<UjQ fya;= .Kkdjla y÷kd .; yels h'

1' nqÿ oyu ,xldjg ,enqKq od mgka th wdrlaId lrñka mj;ajd f.k

tkq ,enqfõ uyd úydÍh NslaIqka jykafia,d úisks' tA i|yd rdcH wkq.%yh

fkdu| j ,enqKs' kuq;a l%s'mQ' m<uq ishjfia n,hg m;a jÜG.dñKs wNh

fyj;a j<.ïnd rcq fojk jr n,hg m;a ùu;a iu. fï ;;a;ajfha fjkila

we;s úh' tu rcq úiska ;ukag fojk jr n,hg m;a ùug Wmldr l<

l=mslal, uyd ;siai ysñhkag m%;sWmldrhla jYfhka wNh.sßh lrjd mQcd

lsÍu;a iu. Ydiksl w¾nqohla furg ks¾udKh úh' rcq wNh.sß md¾Yajhg

ys;j;a j lghq;= lsÍu;a tu md¾Yajh bkaÈhdfjka meñKs O¾ureÑ kï

NslaIqjf.a b.ekaùï .=refldg l%shd lsÍu;a ksid uydúydßl NslaIQka

jykafia,d wdrlaId l< f:arjdo nqÿ oyug wNsfhda.hla t,a, úh' O¾ureÑ

f;reka jykafiaf.a b.ekaùï f:arjd§ nqÿoyug mgyeks úh' wkd.;fha §

tu oyu f:arjd§ nqÿ oyug ydks lrkq we;ehs ,laÈj f;rjreka ;=< we;s jQ

ielh fuu ix.S;sh meje;aùug fya;= jQ tla lreKls'

2' j<.ïnd rdcH iufha neñKs;shd kï id.;hla o we;s úh' fï id.;hg

jir fod<yla uq¿,af,a mej;s uyd kshÕh n,mEfõ h' tu jljdkqfõ .sys

ck;dj fuka u NslaIQka jykafia o wdydr wfyaksfhka fm¿Ky' ;%smsglh

lg mdvñka mj;ajd f.k wd iuyr NslaIQka jykafia,d fuu id.;h

ksid wfyaksfhka wmj;a jQy' we;eï NslaIQka jykafia,d bkaÈhdjg jevu

fldg Ôú;h wdrlaId lr .;ay' ;j;a msßila yduf;a ñhh;;a ,laìu yer

fkdhdug ;SrKh fldg uyje,s .f.a je,s ;,dfõ je;sr ;%smsglh lg mdvï

l< nj i|yka fõ' id.;h wjidkfha b;sß jQ NslaIQka jykafia,d uyd

úydrhg /iajQ w;r oyu lg mdvñka u mj;ajd f.k hdu fujka ;;a;ajhla

hgf;a wk;=reodhl nj wjOdkhg fhduq l<y'

3' j<.ïnd rdcH iuh hqo .egqïj,ska msreKls' isyiqkg m;a j fkdfnda

l,lska ol=Kq bkaÈhdfjka meñKs wdl%uKslfhda j<.ïnd rc;=ud m<jd

yer isyiqk w;am;a lr .;ay' wdl%uKslhka i;a fofkl= isá nj o Tjqka

tlsfkld urd .ksñka ody;r jirla rg md,kh l< nj o i|yka fõ'

NslaIQka jykafia,df.a u. fmkaùu o foaY ysff;IS ck kdhlhkaf.a yd

m%cdjf.a wkq.%yh o we;s j j<.ïnd rcf;fï wjika wdl%uKslhd m<jd

yer isyiqkg m;a úh' fuu §¾>ld,Sk hqo jd;djrKh Ydiksl ixúOdkfha

hymeje;aug fuka u f:arjdo nqÿ oyfï ÑriaÓ;shg o ydkslr f,i

n,mEfõ h' uqL mrïmrdfjka O¾uh mj;ajd f.k .sh .=re YsIH NslaIQyq úisr


.shy' hqo ìh ksid úfgl jk.; jQy; yqfol,d jQy' O¾uh uqL mrïmrdfjka

f.k hdug wjYH ldh Ñ;a; úfõlh o ke;s úh' fï ;;a;ajh ;=< hqo

.egqï wjika jQ miq ;s%msgl O¾ufha iqrlaIs; nj i|yd th .%ka:drEV lsÍfï

jeo.;alu f;reka jykafia,dg fmkS .sfha h'

4' ,laÈj we;eï NslaIQka jykafia,d Ydiksl ms<sfj;ska msßyS hdu o w¨úydr

ix.dhkdj meje;aùug uy f;rjreka fm<UjQ ;j;a lreKls' O¾u úkh

uqL mrïmrdfjka mj;ajdf.k hEfï j.lSu ms<sfj;ska msßyS hñka issák

i`. mrmqr úiska ksis f,i bgq fkdlrkq we;ehs uy f;rjreka ;=< ielhla

we;s ù hehs is;sh yels h' uyd ksoafoaihg we;=<;a O¾u lreKq ±k isá tl u

NslaIqj o ÿis,a Ôú;hla .;l< nj i|yka fõ' fï ;;a;ajh o ;%smsgl O¾uh

.%ka:drEV lsÍfï wjYH;dj we;s l< nj ie,lsh yels h'

5' ,dxflah NslaIQka jykafia ful, lKavdhï follg fn§ isáhy' .%ka:

Oqrh jvk NslaIQka yd úo¾Ykd Oqrh jvk NslaIQka jYfhks' .%ka: Oqrh

jevQ NslaIQyq úo¾Ykd Oqrh jevQ NslaIQkag jvd m%n, jQy' .%ka: Oqrh jeãu

i|yd ;%smsglh f,aLkdrEV lsÍu jvd;a jeo.;a ùu o fuu ix.dhkdj

meje;aùug fya;= ù ;sfí'

6' fï jk úg O¾uh weiSug;a" bf.kSug;a" tA ms<sn| m¾fhaIK meje;aùug;a

we;euqka ;=< Wkkaÿjla we;s ù ;sfí' tn÷ lghq;= uqL mrïmrdfjka muKla

mj;ajdf.k hdu wmyiq nj Tjqkg jegysKs' ;%smsglh f,aLk.; lsÍfuka

thg úi÷ï ,nd .; yels nj f;areï .eksKs' fun÷ fya;= .Kkdjla mokï

lrf.k l%s'mQ' m<uq ishjfia ud;f,a w¨úydrfha § m%foaYSh kdhlfhl=f.a

wkq.%y we;s j NslaIQka jykafia mkaiShlf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka y;r jk O¾u

ix.S;sh mj;ajk ,È' tys § isÿ jQfha md,s NdIduh jQ f:arjdo ;s%msglh

.%ka:drEV lsÍuhs'

ix.dhkdfõ m%;sM,

1' ;%smsgl O¾uh jdfpda;a.; j mj;ajdf.k hdfuka tys lsis hï

úlD;s;djla we;s ùug ;snQ bvlv fï ;=<ska u.yeÍ hdu

2' NslaIQka jykafia ksldhdka;r jYfhka fn§ úúO u;jdohkays msysgd

O¾uh újrKh lsÍu ;=<ska f:arjdo nqÿ oyu úIfhys t,a, ùug ;snQ

wNsfhda. wju ùu

3' miqld,Sk f:rjd§ nqÿ oyu wNdjhg .sh wjia:dj, § kej; th ia:dms;

lsÍug fuu O¾u .%ka: WmldÍ ùu


4' f,dalfha fjk;a rgj, f:arjd§ nqÿ oyu wNdjhg .sh wjia:dj, §

kej; ia:dms; lsÍug .%ka:drEV fldg iqrlaIs; j mej;s ,dxflah O¾u

.%ka: WmldÍ ùu

5' nqÿ oyu jHdma; fkdjQ ngysr rgj,g miq ld,fha ta ms<sn| ±kqu fnod

yeÍug fuu O¾u .%ka: WmldÍ ùu hkdÈh i|yka l< yels h'

úfYaIfhka ßia fâúâia jeks m`äjreka tx.,ka;fha md,s .%ka: iud.u

^PALI TEXT SOCIETY& msysgqjd .kq ,enqfõ furg md,s ;s%msglh

bx.S%ishg mßj¾;kh fldg fnod yeÍu i|yd h' ta ;=<ska uE; hq.fha §

f:arjdo nqÿoyu yeoEÍug yd f,dj mqrd m%p,s; lsÍug fndfyda wjldY

ie,iqKs

lKsIal O¾u ix.dhkdj

Ndr;fha O¾udfYdal wêrdchdKkaf.ka wk;=rej nqÿoyfï Wkak;shg buy;a

fiajdjla l< krm;sfhl= f,i lKsIal rc;=ud b;sydi.; fõ' Tyqf.a rdcH

ld,fha ̂ jH'j' 120-162& mj;ajk ,o O¾u ix.dhkdj Ndr;fha mej;s y;r jk O¾u

ix.dhkdjhs' fuu ix.dhkdjg iyNd.s jQ msßfika jeä fokd i¾jdia;sjd§ NslaIQka

jQ ksid fuh i¾jdia;sjd§ ix.dhkdj f,i o ye¢kafõ'

ix.dhkdj meje;aùug fya;= jQ lreKq

1' ix> iudch ksldh jYfhka fn§ ta ta ksldh úiska úúOdldrfhka

nqÿ oyu újrKh lsÍu

lKsIal rcf;fï nqÿ oyu je<| .ekSfuka wk;=rej rcueÿrg NslaIQka jykafia

kula jevu lrjdf.k O¾uh Y%jKh lsÍug fhduq úh' ffoksl j ta ta NslaIQka

jykafia l< foaYkhkays § tl u O¾u lreK jqj o fjkia wdldrfhka újrKh

flßKs' lKsIal rc;=udg fuh .eg¨jla úh' tjlg W.;a f;r kula jQ md¾Yj

ysñhkaf.ka tfia ùug fya;= rc;=ud úuiS h' thg ms<s;=re foñka Wka jykafia

lshd isáfha NslaIQka jykafia ksldhsl ms<s.ekSï u; msysgd O¾u lreKq újrKh

lsÍug hEu ksid fï ;;a;ajh we;s jk njhs'

fï wkqj O¾u úkh ms<sn| j f.dvke.S ;snQ mriamr;djka ÿre fldg nqoaO jpkh

ix.S;sldrl NslaIQka ms<s.;a iïm%odh wkqj f.dkq lsÍfï wjYH;dj fuu ix.dhkdj

meje;aùug fya;= úh'

2' ;%smsgl fmd;am;a tla/ia lsÍu yd tAjdg i¾jdia;sjd§ O¾uhg wkqj wgqjd

iïmdokh lsÍfï wjYH;dj


fun÷ fya;+ka uq,alrf.k lKsIal rc;=ud ix.dhkdjla meje;aùug ;SrKh fldg

tA nj md¾Yj f;rekag okajd we;' md¾Yj f;reka fï ms<sn| j jiqñ;% ysñhka

±kqïj;a l< w;r lKsIal rc;=udf.a wkq.%yfhka tu ix.S;sh mj;ajk ,È'

ix.S;sfha m%Odk;ajh md¾Yj f;rekag mejreKq w;r tys iNdm;s;ajh mejrefKa

jiqñ;% f;rekag h' i¾jdia;sjd§ ksldhg wh;a W.;a NslaIQka jykafia,d 500 kula

fuhg iyNd.s lr .;a w;r udi yhla uq¿,af,a ix.S;sh meje;ajqKs' fuhg iyNd.s

jQ ishü NslaIQka jykafia fndaêi;ajjreka f,i o ie,fl;s'

ix.S;sfha m%;sM,

1' iQ;%" úkh" wNsO¾u hk ;%smsglhg úNdId kï i¾jdia;sjd§ wgqjd

.%ka: iïmdokh ùu

^tA wkqj úkh msglh i|yd úkh úNdId o" iQ;% msglh i|yd

WmfoaY Ydia;%h o" wNsO¾u msglh i|yd wNsO¾u úNdId Ydia;%h o

iïmdokh flreKs'&

2' wgqjd .%ka: ;Um;a brej, ,shjd fi,auqjd uxcqidj, nyd ia;+mhl

;ekam;a lrñka tajdfhys iqrlaIs;;dj ;yjqre lsÍu

3' md,sfhka mej;s ;%smsgl nqoaO O¾uh ixialD; NdIdjg mßj¾;kh ùu

4' úisÍ mej;s .=rel=, tl ksldhla hg;g .ekSu ksid uydhdk iïm%odh

wdrïN ùu

5' uOH wdishdfõ O¾u m%pdrh i|yd O¾u ¥; msßia fhoùu

f;jk ix.dhkdfjka miq wfYdal rc;=udf.a wkq.%yfhka rgj,a kjhl f:arjdo

O¾u m%pdrl lghq;= isÿ l<d fia u lKsIal rc;=udf.a wkq.%yfhka uOH wdishdj

yryd meje;s ;j,ï ud¾.j, ;ek ;ek msysá rdcHhkays uydhdk O¾uh m%pdrh

lrùu'

fun÷ m%;sM, /ila Wodlr,Sug lKsIal ix.S;sh Wmldr jQ nj meyeÈ,s h' tA wkqj

f:arjd§ka fuka u uydhdkslhska o O¾ufhys iqrlaIs;;dj yd jHdma;sh msKsi f.k

we;s mshjr fuu ix.dhkdj,ska wmg jgyd .; yels fjhs'

fmdÿfõ .;a l, fï iEu ix.dhkdjlska u iudchg jeo.;a wdo¾Y lsysmhla ,nd foa'

³ iudch ;=< we;s jk ´kE u .eg¨jl § idlÉPd ud¾.fhka úi÷ï ,nd

.ekSug yels nj

³ iqrlaIs; l< hq;= oE ksis wjia:djkays § iqrlaIs; lsÍug fm<öu ;=<ska miq ld,Sk

j we;s jk fndfyda .eg¨ wju lr .; yels nj


idrdxYh

Ydik b;sydih ;=< ix.dhkd .Kkdjla ms<sn| f;dr;=re ±lafõ' tA w;r y;r jk

O¾u ix.dhkd folla ms<sn| j i|yka fõ' thska tlla f:arjd§ ix.dhkd ud,dfõ

y;r jekakhs' th ,xldfõ ud;f,a w¨úydrfha § j<.ïnd rcq oji mj;ajd we;'

wfkl Ndr;fha mej;s y;r jk ix.dhkdjhs' th lKsIal rcq oji ldYaórfha

l=Kav,jk úydrfha § mj;ajd we;' th f:arjd§ nqÿoyug fjkia i¾jdia;sjd§

ksldhg wh;a jQjls' l=uk ix.dhkdjla jqj o Ydik ÑriaÓ;sh yd jHdma;sh Wod

lr,Sug fya;= ù we;' idlÉPd ud¾.fhka úi÷ï fiùu yd iqrlaIs; l< hq;= O¾u

úkh iqrlaIs; lsÍu ix.dhkd meje;aùug fya;= jQ nj meyeÈ,s fõ'

l%shdldrlu

1' ud;f,a w¨úydr ix.S;sh yd lKsIal O¾u ix.S;sh weiqre lrf.k my;

i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

ld,h meje;a jQ

ia:dkhuQ,sl;ajh wkq.%yh ix.S;shg iyNd.s

jQ ixLHdj

2' fuu ix.S;s fol u meje;aùug n,mE lreKq fol ne.ska ,shkak'

mejreu

f:arjd§ ix.dhkd y;r yd lKsIal ix.S;sh Ydik ÑriaÓ;shg yd jHdma;shg

WmldÍ jQ wdldrh úia;r lrñka mqj;am;l m< lsÍug iqÿiq ,smshla ,shkak' iqÿiq

ud;Dldjla o fhdokak'


fy< l,djka iqrlsuq20

ñys÷ uy ry;ka jykafia úiska ,laÈjg nqÿ oyu y÷kajd §u;a iu. th wdrlaId

lr .ekSu yd bÈßhg mj;ajd f.k hEu i|yd foaYSh NslaIq iudchla wdrïN

lrk ,È' wk;=rej ;ekska ;ek furg úydria:dk bÈ jQfha Wka jykafia,df.a

jdiia:dk jYfhks' uyckhdg je÷ï ms÷ï lsÍu i|yd ;%súO ffp;Hh o ta iu. u

f.dv ke.=Ks' tkï ia;+mh" fndaê jDlaIh yd nqoaO m%;sudjhs' fn!oaO l,d Ys,am

.Khg we;=<;a jk Ñ;%" uQ¾;s" leghï fuka u .Dy ks¾udK l,dj o ìys jQfha

;%súO ffp;Hfhka iukaú; úydria:dk uOHia:dk lrf.k h'

ÿñkaod.ukh;a iu. furgg meñKs wgf<dia l=,hl Ys,amSka w;r fun÷ l,d

Ys,am ms<sn| úfYaI{hska o isákakg we;' wkqrdOmqr yd fmdf<dkakre hq.j,g

wh;a fndfyda l,d ks¾udKj,g Ndr;Sh wdNdih ,eîu th ikd: lrjkakls'

miq ld,fha f,djla uú;hg m;a lrk fY%aIaG l,dks¾udK ìys jQfha Ndr;Sh u.

fmkaùu o ,nd .;a fy< l,dlrejkaf.a iqr;sks' bka lsysmhla fufia y÷kd .ksuq'

ia;+mh

úúO ;=re ,;d fuka u f.dvke`.s,s o msreKq mßirhl jqj o fn!oaO úydria:dkhla

fjka fldg y÷kd .ekSfï i,l=K jkafka iqfoda iqÿjka j nn,k ia;+mhhs' th

isxy, fn!oaO ixialD;sfha tla ixfla;hls' ia;+mh ye¢kaùu i|yd úúO kï Ndú;

lrkq ,nhs' ffp;Hh" fjfyr" iEh" od.en" :Qmh" fÉ;sh hkq thska lsysmhls'

úydria:dkhl uQ,sl wx.hla jk ia;+mh" nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a YdÍßl ffp;Hh

ksrEmKh lrhs' nqÿ" mfianqÿ" uy ry;a hk W;=ukaf.a Od;= yd úúO mQcd jia;=

;ekam;a fldg ia;+m bÈ lsÍu w;S;fha isg mejef;kakls' ta wkqj úydria:dkhl

we;s ;%súO ffp;H w;=ßka m<uq j jkaokd l< hq;af;a ia;+mhghs'

furg ia;+m bÈùfï wdrïNh ms<sn| úúO l;d mqj;a mj;S' ,laÈj nqÿ oyu

ia:dms; ùu;a iu. f.dvke.=Kq uq,a u ia;+mh f,i ie,flkafka wkqrdOmqrfha

msysgd we;s :Qmdrdu od.enhs' ñys÷ uyry;ka jykafiaf.a Wmfoia u; nqÿrcdKka

jykafiaf.a ol=Kq wl= Od;+ka jykafia ;ekam;a fldg fojk mE;sia ksß÷ka úiska

fuh lrjk ,È' wk;=rej úúO yevhkaf.ka hq;a ia;+m úúO md,lhska úiska

bÈlrjk ,È'


ia;+m wdlD;s

.¾Nfha iajrEmh wkqj m%Odk jYfhka ia;+m ihdldr fõ'

1' >Kagdldr - >KaGdrhl yevh îSkqjl yevh&

2' >gdldr - l<hl yevh

3' nqínq,dldr - Èh nqnq,l yevh

4' OdkHdldr - OdkH f.dvl yevh

5' moaudldr - mshqul fyj;a fk¿ï u,l yevh

6' wdu,ldldr - fk,a,s f.ähl yevh'

wdu,ldldr

>KaGdldr >Gdldr nqínq,dldr

OdkHdldr moaudldr


fï w;=ßka wo jk úg Y%S ,xldj ;=< ±l .; yels jkafka wdlD;s ;=kl

od.eí h' j;aukays wm olsk :Qmdrdu" uyshx.K ia;+m >KaGdldr yevhg ksoiqka h'

rejkaje,siEh" wNh.sßh jeks uyd ia;+m nqínq,dldr fõ' le,Ks rcuyd úydrfha

msysá ia;+mh OdkHdldr fõ' b;sß yevj,g wh;a merKs ia;+m o mej;s nj úpdrl

u;hhs' ta wkqj l;r.u lsßfjfyr uq,ska >Gdldr yevfhka hqla; jQ nj;a ±È.u

fldgfjfyr moaudldr jQ nj;a úoaj;ayq fmkajd fo;s' fmdf<dkakrej i;auy,a

m%didoh" uq,ska i|yka wdlD;s yhg mßndysr ia;+mhla f,i uydpd¾h fikr;a

mrKú;dk uy;d fmkajd fohs' th p;=rY%dldr iA;+mhla f,i t;=ud kï lrhs'

ia;+mdx.

ia;+mfha mj;akd l,d;aul nj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug ia;+mdx. WmldÍ ù we;' ,laÈj

wx. iïmQ¾K ia;+mhl my; i|yka wx. y÷kd .; yels h' fuu wx. úúO fn!oaO

b.ekaùï w¾:j;a lrk nj úoaj;a u;h fõ'

1' ;=ka uy,a fmaidj

2' .¾Nh

3' i;/ia fldgqj

4' foaj;d fldgqj

5' fld;a lere,a,

6' pQvdudKslHh

mqrdK ia;=m fndfydauhla bÈfldg we;af;a jD;a;dldr fyda iup;=rdY%dldr i,m;<

u¿jl h' Bg my<ska je,s u¿jla o ±lsh yels h'

;=ka uy,a fmaidj

.¾Nh

y;/ia fldgqj

foaj;d fldgqj

fld;a lere,a,

pQvdudKslHh


;=ka uy,a fmaidj

fÉ;sh>r fyj;a jgodf.h

ia;+mh i|yd bÈ jQ jD;a;dldr mshiaila iys; .Dyh fÉ;sh>r fyda jgodf.h

kñka ye¢kafjhs' ia;+mfha wdrlaIdj yd ne;su;=kaf.a wdrlaIdj ie,ls,a,g f.k

fuu ks¾udKh lr we;' fuh l=vd mßudKfha we;eï ia;+m iòyd bÈlr ;snQ njg

ksoiqka wo o olakg ,efí' :Qmdrduh" wïnia;,h" ,xldrduh" jeks wkqrdOmqrfha

msysá ia;+m jgd we;s .,alKq thg idlaIs orhs' fmdf<dkakrefõ yd ueÈß.sßfha

msysá jgodf.j,a l,d;aul núka wkQk h'

jdy,alv

we;eï ia;+mj, .¾Nhg iïnkaO isõ Èidjg uqyqK,d ;kk ,o w,xldr f;drK

jeks wx.hla ±l .; yels h' th jdy,alv fyj;a wdhl kñka ye¢kafõ' jdy,alvl

fomi u,a ,shlï iys; Ys,d ia;ïN folla msysgd we;s w;r ueo fldgi iudka;r

;Sre fhdod yxi rEm" jduk rEm" we;a ysia yd fndroï fhdod w,xldr fldg we;'

ñyska;f,a lKaGl ffp;Hfhys kef.kysr jdy,alv Wiia l,d;aul ks¾udKhls'

fmdf<dkakrej jgodf.h


fndaê>r

fndaëka jykafia jgd ksujk ,o mgq mshiaila iys; uKavmh fndaê>rh f,i

jHjydrhg m;a úh' fï ;=<ska o fndaê jDlaIfha wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍula isÿ

flreKs' wkqrdOmqrfha YS% uyd fndaëka jykafia jgd o" fndaê>rhla ksujd ;snQ njg

idlaIs yuqfõ' j¾;udkfha fndaê>r ±l .; fkdyels jQj;a fndaê>r msysá ia:dk

lsysmhla y÷kd .; yels h' fuf;la yuq ù we;s l,d;aul núka Wiia u fndaê>rh

l=reKE., Èia;%slalfha ks,a,la.u msysgd we;'

msh.egfm<

fn!oaO úydria:dkhlg fyda fjk hï f.dvke.s,a,lg msúiSug i|lvmyKg md

;enQ miq B<`.g mshjr ;eìh hq;af;a msh.egfm<g h' msh.eg o w,xldr leghïj,ska

irid ;sfí' msh.eg folla w;r ysiska nrla Wiq,df.k isák bßhõfjka fk<d

we;s jduk rEm ±lsh yels h' Bg wu;r j m,dfm;s leghïj,ska w,xldr lrk

,o msh.eg fma<s o olakg ,efí'

ñyska;f,a lKaGl ffp;Hfha

jdy,alv leghï


i|lvmyK

fn!oaO isoaOia:dkhlg msúfik msh.eg fm<l wdrïNfha olakg ,efnk

w¾Oljdldr .,a mqjrej ye¢kafjkafka i|lvmyK kñks' fuh ,dxflah leghï

Ys,amshdf.a úiañ; l,d fl!Y,Hh f,djg fy<s lrk ;j;a iqúfYaI ksuejquls'

md,sfhka —wâVpkaomdidK˜ hkqfjka ye¢kafjkafka o fuhhs'

wkqrdOmqr hq.fha isg uykqjr hq.h olajd ta ta hq.j,g wh;a i|lvmyK

/ila yuq ù we;s w;r tu ks¾udK ta ta hq.j,g wkkH ,laIK m%lg lrhs'

jvd;a l,d;aul i|lvmyK ks¾udKh lsÍfï f.!rjh ysñjkafka wkqrdOmqr

hq.fha uOH Nd.fha úiQ l,dlrejkag h' ±kg yuq ù we;s i|lvmyK lsysmh

w;r l,d;aul núka uq,a ;ek .kafka wkqrdOmqrfha ìfida ud,s.h wi, we;s

i|lvmyKhs'

fïjdfha l,d;aul nj ;Sj% lrk m%Odk idOlh jkafka tys we;s úis;=re leghï h'

u,a ,shlïj,ska fuka u i;a;aj rEmj,ska o i|lvmyK úis;=re fõ' wkqrdOmqr

i|lvmyK msg; isg we;=<; we;s leghïj, uq,ska u olakg ,efnkafka ffY,s.;

m,dfm;s fudaia;rhhs' wk;=rej we;af;a tlsfkld miqmi Èjhk we;a" wia" isxy"

.j hk i;=ka isõfokdhs' bka miq ixlS¾K ,shje,la o wk;=rej ;=äka fk¿ï

fmdfydÜgq /f.k tld miq mi .uka lrk yxi fma<shla o B<`.g kej; j;djla

wkqrdOmqrfha ìfida ud,s.dfõ i|lvmyK" uqr.," fldrjla ., iy msh.egfm<


ir, ,shje,la o olakg ,efí' i|lvmyfKys ueo we;af;a fk¿ï u,l w¾Ohls'

fuu ms<sfj< yd leghï iEu i|lvmyKlg u fmdÿ fkdfõ' fmdf<dkakre

hq.fha i|lvmyfKys .j rEmh bj;a j we;' thg fya;=j f,i ie,flkafka fï

jk úg yskaÿ wdNdih ,dxflah ixialD;shg tl;= ùuhs' uykqjr hq.fha i|lvmyK

leghïj,ska muKla fkdj yevh w;ska o fjkia ù we;' wkqrdOmqr hq.hg wh;a

i|lvmyKska Nj pl%h w¾:j;a flfrk nj uydpd¾h fikr;a mrKú;dk uy;d

mjihs'

uqr.,

úydr ukaÈrhl fyda rdclSh f.dvke.s,a,l fodrgq w,xldr lrk w¾O ljdldr

uqÿk iys; .,amqjre fol uqr.,a kñka ye¢kafõ' i|lvmyKl fyda msh.eg

fm<l wdrïNl msh.egh fomi fï w,xldr ksuejqu ±lsh yels h' fïjd leghï

iys; fyda rys; fyda tAjd fõ' fldrjla.f,a wdrlaIdj ;yjqre flfrk uqr.f,a

úldYh wkqj tAjdfha we;s leghï o úúOdldr h' uqr., wdrïNfha leghï rys;

jqj o" miq j mqkal,i" nysrj rEm fyj;a jduk rEm" fmKh iys; kd. rEm thg

tla úh' fuys ±lsh yels ñksia fjia .;a kd rc leghu uqr., úldYfha ÈhqKq u

wjia:dj fmkakqï lrkakls' kd rcqf.a ysi jgd úysfok khs fmK ud,djls'

;%sNx. ,S,dfjka ke.S isák kd rcqf.a je,ñfgka by<g keuqK tlaa w;l we;af;a

u,a msrjQ mqka l<ils' wfkla wf;a we;af;a o¨,k YdLdjla fyda u,a b;a;la

jeks fohls' kd rcqf.a fomd uq, jduk rEm tlla fyda folla ±lsh yels h' ±kg

úoaj;=kaf.a iïNdjkdjg ,la jQ l,d;aul uqr., yuqjkafka wNh.sßhg wh;a

r;akm%didoh kue;s f.dvke.s,a, iómfhks'

fldrjla .,

uqr.,g msgqmiska msh.eg fm< fomi leghï iys; j fyda rys; j w;aje,la f,i

È.eáj we;s .,a mqjrej fldrjla .,hs' fndfyda úg msh.eg fm< k`.skakkaf.a

wdrlaIdj yd msh.eg fmf<ys wdrlaIdj i|yd wdOdrlhla jYfhka f.dv ke.=K o

fuh o l,d;aul ks¾udKhls'

ulr uqLhlska ksl=;a jk ,shje,la" jD;a;dldr o`.rhlska wjika jk f,i

ks¾udKh lr ;sîu fuys we;s iq,N leghï fõ' fldrjla .f,a msgg fmfkk

ì;a;sfha isxy" yia;s" kd. fyda jduk rEm leghñka úis;=re fldg we;' msh.eg

fmf<a È. m%udKh wkqj fldrjla .f,a m%udKh yd Èf.a iajNdjh ;SrKh ù we;'

wkqrdOmqr yd fmdf<dkakre Ñ;%

úydria:dkhl we;s ms<suf.h l,d.drhls' th uQ¾;s yd leghï l,dfjka fuka u

Ñ;% l,dfjka o fmdfydi;a jQjls' fn!oaO is;=jï u`.ska ck;djg fndai;a pß;h yd


nqoaO pß;h ms<sn| ±kqu ,nd foñka Y%oaOdj j¾Okh flfrk w;r Tjqkaf.a

Ôú;j,g wdo¾Y ,nd §ula o isÿ flf¾' fmd;m;ska ,nd fok oyï ±kqu jvd;a

meyeos,s j is;=jï u`.ska ,nd §ug o fn!oaO l,dlrejd iu;a ù we;s nj merKs

is;=jï wOHhkh lsÍfï § meyeÈ,s fõ'

fn!oaO is;=jï l,dfõ wdrïNh o wkqrdOmqr hq.h olajd wE;g Èfjhs' jxYl;d

idys;Hh u`.ska o fï hq.fha is;=jï mej;s ia:dk y÷kd.; yels h' kuq;a fuu

hq.hg wh;a is;=jï j¾;udkfha yuq jkafka ia:dk lsysmhl muKs' tA w;r —iS.sßh˜

yd —ys|.,˜ úfYaI ;ekla .kS' bkaÈhdfõ merKs wcka;d is;=jïj,g kElï lshk

iS.sß Ñ;% tl, is;=jï l,dfõ wmQ¾j;ajh fmkakqï lrkakls' merKs fn!oaO

wrdu yd f,ka úydrj, is;=jï fuhg iu.dó j we| we;s nj meyeÈ,s h' ys|.,

úydria:dkfha ±kg uelS f.dia we;s is;=jï iS.sß iïm%odhg wh;a jQjls'

fmdf<dkakre hq.fha merKs u is;=jï mej;s ia:dk f,i uyshx.K ia;+mfha Od;+

.¾Nh" ÈUq,d., f,ka yd ;sjxl ms<suf.h y÷kdf.k we;' fï ia:dkhkays meje;s

Ñ;%j, fndaêi;aaj pß;fha yd nqoaO pß;fha úúO wjia:djka ksrEmKh flf¾' ta

nj ±kg fYaI ù we;s is;=jï fldgia ;=<ska y÷kd .; yels h' úfYaIfhka fï

hq.fha úYd,;u Ñ;%dj,sh olakg ,efnkafka fmdf<dkakrefõ ;sjxl ms<suf.hsks'

uy merl=ïnd rcq úiska lrjk ,o fÊ;jkdrdufha ms<su f.h fï kñka y÷kajd

we;' fuys .¾N.Dyfha we;s is;=jï ;=<ska nqoaO pß;h;a wka;rd,fha we;s is;=jï

u`.ska cd;l l:d;a ksrEmKh fõ' tu is;=jï w;r nqÿrcdKka jykafia foõf,dj

isg ixliaimqrhg jevu lsÍu o ii" fjiaika;r" idu wd§ cd;l l:d /ila o

iS.sß Ñ;%

.,aúydrfha úoHdor

f,fka Ñ;%hla


olakg ,efí' fï ish¨ lreKq ;=<ska fmkakqï flfrkafka tl, ÈhqKq Ñ;% l,djla

mej;s njhs'

f,djla uú;hg m;a lrk úúO l,d ks¾udKj,ska fmdfydi;a fuu mskaìfï msysá

mQckSh ia:dk wdrlaId lsÍu ,dxlsl wm ieuf.a u hq;=luls' th ;ks mqoa.,fhl=g

fyda wdh;khlg muKla l< yels ld¾hhla fkdfõ' mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=jg

yd ixialD;sl ;%sfldaK wruqo,g muKla fïjd wdrlaId lsÍu wmyiq h' wo ojfia

Ôj;a jk wm fïjd wdrlaId lsÍug fkdfm<UqKfyd;a u;= mrmqrg w;S; Wreuhka

±l .ekSfï wjia:dj wysñ jkjd muKla fkdj jir oyia .Kkl wfma fm%!V

b;sydih ;yjqre lrk Ôjudk idlaIs o wysñ fõ' ta ksid yels iEu wjia:djl u

fïjd wdrlaId lsÍug fhduq úh hq;= h' we;eï úg wmf.a fkdie,ls,su;aNdjh

ksid o fïjd úkdY jk wjia:d ±lsh yels h' fï ia:dk jkaokdudk lsÍug fyda

±l n,d .ekSug .sh úg merKs .fvd,a neñ u; weúo hdu" tu ia:dk l=regq

.Eu" merKs ks¾udK fyda .fvd,a u; jdã ù isàu lsis fia;a fkdl< hq;= h'

fuu ia:dkj, m%isoaO fldg we;s Wmfoia m%pdrKj,g wkqj ls%hd lsÍug wm

ish¨ fokd u fhduq úh hq;= h' ta u.skaa fm!rdKsl jia;+ka yd l,d;aul ks¾udK

wdrlaId lsÍfï j.lSu o wm fj;ska bgq jkafka h'

idrdxYh

ñys÷ uyry;ka jykafiaf.a ,xld.ukh;a bka miq j ix>ñ;a;d f;rKsh we;=¿

wgf<dia l=,hl meñKSu;a iu. furg ck;djg odhdo /ila Wreu úh' tA w;r

l,d Ys,am tla odhdohls' Ñ;%" uQ¾;s" leghï yd .Dyks¾udK l,dj tys,d m%Odk

fõ' fuu mdvu ;=<ska uQ¾;s l,djg wh;a m%Odk ks¾udKhla jQ nqoaO m%;sudj yer

wkqrdOmqr yd fmdf<dkakre hq.j,g wh;a fiiq l,d Ys,am ms<sn| j ieflúka

f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lr we;' f,djla uú;hg m;a lrk wfma Wreuhka ,dxlslhkaf.a

fm%!V b;sydih bÈßm;a flfrk w,sÅ; idlaIs fõ' tneúka fm!rdKsl Wreuhka

w.hk w;r tAjdfha iqrlaIs;;dj ;yjqre lsÍu f,dl= l=vd wm ieuf.a u hq;=luls¦

hq. fufyjrls'


l%shdldrlu

1' ia;+mhl wdlD;shla we| tys wx. kï lrkak'

2' wkqrdOmqr yd fmdf<dkakre iòlv myfKys we;s m%Odk fjkialu ,shkak'

3' uqr.f,a wdrïNl wjia:dfõ isg ixj¾Ok wjia:dj olajd olakg ,efnk

leghï kï lrkak'

4' .Dy ks¾udK" Ñ;% yd leghïj,g wod< ks¾udK fjka fjka j y÷kd f.k

my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

.Dy ks¾udK Ñ;% leghï

mejreu

1' wkqrdOmqr fmdf<dkakre hq.j, .Dy ks¾udK" Ñ;% yd leghïj,g wod< j

f;dr;=re" is;=jï fyda PdhdrEm we;=<;a lrñka l=vd fmd;la ilia lrkak'

thg iqÿiq kula o fhdokak'


fn!oaO idys;Hh ri ú¢uq21

rE /fia w¢kd f,fia w;a f<, È§ úÿ,sh mnd

rka rfia tla jk f,fia fjK kdokQ md ;n ;nd

lïmfia fok ir f,fia foi n, n,d fk;.ska ind

uï flfia mjiï tfia jr iqr <`ÿka ÿka r`. iqnd

mqj;am; lshjñka isá ug .=jka úÿ,sfhka ñysß f,i fï moHh we;=¿ moH lsysmhla

.dhkd lrkq weisKs' iqis,a fm%aur;ak .dhlhd tfia uOqr f,i .dhkh lf<a

jE;a;Efõ ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,o .=;a;s,fhys tk moHhls'

isxy, idys;Hh ÈhqKq jQfha nK l;d idys;Hhla jYfhks' fmd;m; nyq, fkdjQ

merKs hq.fha idys;H lD;s iEu tlla u mdfya iduQysl j ijka §fï reÑh

j¾Okh jk f,i ks¾udKh lrkakg tod .;al;=jreka l< W;aidyh w.h l<

hq;= h' furg idys;H b;sydih wm yodrkafka rdcOdks mokï lrf.k h' tla

tla hq.j, NdId Ndú;h;a" ck iudcfha iajrEmh;a" ks¾udK fl!Y,Hh yd ri

úkaokh;a ms<sn| j lsis hï wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug idys;H lD;s wjia:dj

i,ihs' wkqrdOmqr" fmdf<dkakre" oUfoKs idys;H hq.j, rpkd jQ isxy, idys;H

lD;s lsysmhla ms<sn| j úuid ne,Sfuka Wla; lreKq ;yjqre fõ'

wkqrdOmqr idys;H hq.h

furg b;sydifha wdÈ;u wjêh wkqrdOmqr hq.hhs' wkqrdOmqrh w.kqjr fldg

f.k rdcH md,kh isÿ jQ tu hq.fha isxy, fn!oaO idys;Hh ms<sn| f;dr;=re

wgqjd yd jxY l;djkays i|yka fõ' furg merKs u isxy, fn!oaO idys;H lD;s

jYfhka ie,flkafka iSy,ÜG l:d fyj;a fy< wgqjd h' tkï md,s NdIdfjka

;snQ ;%smsgl O¾uhg isxy, NdIdfjka imhk ,o w¾:l:khka h' tajd wo olakg

fkd,efí' ishnia,lr fuu hq.hg wh;a ±kg fYaIù we;s lD;sj,ska tlls' fuu

lD;sh idys;HlrKhg fhduqjkakkag wjYH Wmfoia ,nd fohs'

‘‘fmfoka nqÿ isß;e - niska j;a isß;a wE'''''˜ hkqfjka lD;sh wdrïNfha u i|yka

fjhs' t;eka mgka furg ks¾udKlrejka úiska idys;H lD;s i|yd f;aud lr .kq

,enqfõ fndai;a pß;h yd nqoaO pß;hhs' wkqrdOmqr hq.fha rpkd jQ idys;H lD;sj,ska

wo jk úg b;sß j we;af;a .%ka: lsysmhls' ta w;r isLj<| yd isLj<|úksi

hk .%ka:h NslaIQka jykafia,df.a mßYS,kh i|yd rpkd ù ;sfí' Oïu mofhys

tk nqoaO foaYkdjkag .egmo yd újrK iemhSu i|yd lrk ,o Oïmshd wgqjd

.egmoh o úfYaI .oH jHdLHdk lD;shls'


wkqrdOmqr hq.hg wh;a merKs u isxy, moH ks¾udK yuq jkafka iS.sß legm;a

mjqßks' m<uq jk ldYHm rcqf.a jdiia:dkh jQ iS.sßh ne,Sug .sh ck;dj tys

legm;a mjqf¾ ,shd we;s moH .Kk b;d úYd, h' uydpd¾h fikr;a mrKú;dk

uy;d úiska bka moH 685la lshjd m%ldYhg m;afldg we;' ta ;=<ska tl, ck;djf.a

riúkaok yelshdj" is;=ï me;=ï" ixialD;sh ms<sn| j lsis hï wjfndaOhla ,nd

.ekSug yels fõ'

fmdf<dkakre idys;H hq.h

wfma rc orejka fmdf<dkakrej uOHia:dkh fldg f.k rdcH md,kh isÿ l<

wjêh fmdf<dkakre hq.hhs' furg idys;H jxYl:djg w.kd .oH moH lD;s

lsysmhla tu wjêfha § tla úh'

wudj;=r

.=re¿f.daó m`ä;=ud úiska rpkd lrk ,o fï lD;sh nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a mqßi

oïu idrÒ .=Kh j¾Kkd lrkakls'

—nqÿ.=K wkka; jk neúka kj .=K yeu lsh;a fkdms<sjkska tys mqßi

oïu idrÓ hk moh f.K o''''''˜

hkqfjka .%ka: wdrïNfha yd wjidkfha flfrk újrKh ta nj ;yjqre lrhs'

tf;la md,s NdIdfjka meje;s oukl:d oy wg ms<sn| j Y%djl ck;djg ±k

.ekSug yels jQfha o wudj;=r ;=<sks'

O¾u m%§msldj

.=re¿f.dañ m`ä;=ukaf.a úYdro ±kqu m%lg lrk .%ka:h O¾u m%§msldjhs' fuh

md,s fndaêjxYh mokï lrf.k rpkd jQjls' th fndaëka jykafia jgd f.;=Kq

l;dj,ska ix.Dys; jQjla f,i o ie,fla' —.=re¿ f.daóka úiska rpkd lrk ,o O¾u

m%§mSldj kï fndaêjxY mßl:d ksñ˜ hkqfjka .%ka:djidkfha i|yka m%ldYfhka

th meyeÈ,s fõ'

nq;airK

nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a kj wryd§ .=K j¾Kkd flfrk wuD;djy kï lD;sh

úoHd pl%j¾;s kï m`äjrhd úiska rpkd lrk ,oaols' nq;airK hkak fuu .%ka:hg

w;sf¾l kduhla f,i fh§ we;' tys iEu fþohl u wjidkfha —nqÿka irK fhñhs

nq;airK hdhq;=˜ hkqfjka olajd ;sfí' fuu .%ka:h nq;airK kñka y÷kajk ,oafoa

tu ksid h'

.%ka:fha wdrïNl mßÉfþoj,ska nqoaO pß;h yd iuyr cd;l l;d fuka u kj

wrydÈ nqÿ.=K yd nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a foaYkd ú,dYhka ms<sn| j o úia;r fõ'

fuh md,sfhys ,shejqKq l;d mqj;a isxy,g ke.Sula f,ig ye¢kaúh fkdyels h'

tla;rd .S;j;a njlska jvd;a ks¾udKd;aul j fuu l;=jrhd ish lD;sh bÈßm;a


lrhs' fï tla ksoiqkls'

—ta ñysß rej weie fy;a ue" ta ñysß y`v lKe fy;a ue" ol=K;ska

.;a lvqj ìu jeà fyknõ fkd±ke" ju;ska .;a m<`.h jeà fyknõ

fkd ±ke" fol fow;ska fy<d Y%S mdofhys je`± je;s/ f.dia — o;sñ iajdóks"

ye¢kafkñ iajdóks''''''''˜ ^wx.=,sud, oukh&

—wE; OQ,ska jeiS .sh we;arc he" uE; ijKla >K nqÿ/iska ie§ .sh

nqÿrcdfKda he" wE; fldamfhka r;a je .sh hjg jeks weia we;s

we;a rc he" uE; lreKdfhka f;;a je .sh ks,auyfk,a fm;s mrhk weia

we;s nqÿrcdfKda he ''''''''˜ ^kd,d.ssssß oukh&

uqjfoõodj; yd iiodj;

isxy,fhka rpkd jQ merKs u .S ldjH folla f,i uqjfoõodj; yd iiodj;

ie,fla' fï ldjH folg jia;= úIh ù we;af;a uLdfoaj cd;lh yd ii cd;lh hs'

fuu lD;sj, l;=jreka ljqreka o hk j. i|yka fkdfõ' iiodj;g fhdod .;a

NdIdj uqjfoõodj;g fhdod.;a NdIdj ;rï iqug jQjla fkdjk nj úoaj;=kaf.a

woyihs' .;al;=jreka fom< uyd ldjH iïm%odh wkq.ukh lr we;;a fn!oaO

uqyqKqjr;a" ;u iajdëk;dj;a /l .ksñka ks¾udKYS,S j ld¾hh ksu fldg we;s

nj lsj yels h' nqÿ.=K jekSfï ÿIalr;dj uqjfoõodj; lúhd olajd we;af;a

fufia h'

yÕsï o ud fufkka - .=K ysñhd lshkakg

fmdfydfkï fk¿Ue’iskjqkd - m,÷;a fyd;a ;=ir yr

— ud wkka; nqÿ.=K lshkakg .kakd fuu W;aidyh fk¿ï yqhlska

msksì÷ wuqKd me<£ug .kakd W;aidyhla jeks h'˜

oUfoKs idys;H hq.h

.oH moH idys;H lD;s isxyf,ka" md,sfhka yd ixialD;fhka rpkd jQ hq.hla

f,i fï wjêh ie,fla' idys;H ks¾udKlrKfha úYdro;ajh m%lg l< .sys meúÈ

m`äjreka lsysm fofkl=f.a ìysùu fuu hq.fha § ±l.; yels h' Tjqyq isxy,

idys;Hhg buy;a fmdaIKhla fok Wiia ks¾udK /ila ìyslf<da h'

mQcdj,sh

kj wryd§ nqÿ.=Kj, wryx .=Kh f;aud lrf.k mQcdj,sh rpkd lrkq ,enqfõ

uhqrmdo msßfjkam;s nqoaOmq;% ysñmdKka úisks' fojk merl=ïnd rcqf.a weue;shl= jQ

foajm%;srdcf.a wdrdOkdfjka fuh ksujk ,o nj i|yka fjhs' mßÉfþo 34 la

we;s fuys f.!;u nqÿrcdKka jykafia iqfïO ;dmi wjêfha § §mxlr nqÿrcdKka

jykafiaf.ka ksh; újrK .ekSfï isg mßks¾jdKh f;la jQ nqoaO pß;h 32

jk mßÉfþoh olajd bÈßm;a flf¾' mßÉfþo 33-¡34 ys ,xldfõ b;sydih II jk


merl=ïnd rdcH iuh olajd úia;r fõ' fmdÿ ck;djg .e<fmk nia jyrla fhdod

f.k wikakkaf.a Y%oaOd Nla;sh j¾Okh flfrk whqßka l;d jia;= rpkd ù

we;' nqÿrcdKka jykafiag isÿ lrk mQcdjka /ila ms<sn| j fuys úia;r ùu ksid

mQcdj,sh hk ku fh¥ nj o fmfka'

ioaO¾u r;akdj,sh

‘‘ioaO¾uh kue;s ñKsleg weñKQ ud,h’’ hk wre; f.fkk ioaO¾u r;akdj,sh

O¾ufiak kï ysñhkaf.a ks¾udKhls' md,s OïumoÜG l;dj weiqre lrf.k rpkd

jqj o th lsis úgl;a modkq.; mßj¾;khla fkdfõ' ioaO¾u r;akdj,sh fmdÿ

fn!oaO uyckhdf.a wNs,dIhka Wfoid u rpkd l< nj .%ka:drïNfha § i|yka

mdGfhka meyeÈ,shs'

‘‘tfia fyhska hï flfkla kqjK u|j;a l=i,ÉPkaoh we;s j O¾udNsfhda.hg

Wmfoia ,È;a nK ±k mskalï yeisr ksjka idod.ks;akï tfia jQ i;a mqreIhskag

jev i|yd ioaO¾u r;akdj,S kï .%ka:hla lrï y'’’ .%ka:fha wka;¾.; iEu l;d

jia;=jlska u tu wruqK ms<sìUq fõ'

fuys § .eñ jyrg ióm jQ Wmud Wmfïhhka nyq, f,i fhdod .ekSu;a" pß;

ksrEmKfhys yd wjia:d ksrEmKfhys ±la jQ idu¾:Hh;a b;d jeo.;a h' :q,a,;siai

l;d jia;=fõ :q,a,;siai ysñhka jhia.; j meúÈ ùu ksid ud¾. M, ,nd .ekSug

fkdyels jQ whqre .eñ Ôú;hg jvd;a <xfjñka Wmudkqidrfhka ±lajQfha ‘‘f.dhï

l< ukd jl ;nd mshd l,a miq fldg lrk f.dhula fia’’ hkqfjks' fun÷ Wmud

Wmfïhhka /ila .%ka:h mqrd u ±l .; yels h' fï wdldrhg .eñ ckhdg jvd;a

ióm jyßka tk l;dka;r Í;sh o fhdod .ekSu Wka jykafiag u wdfõKsl jQjls'

iEu l;djla wdrïNfha § u tu l;dj bÈßm;a lsÍfï wruqK;a wjidkfha bka

W.; hq;= mdvu;a úia;r ùfuka th meyeÈ,s fõ'

‘‘.eñ yoj;a y÷kd.;a O¾ufiak ysñfhda ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfhka .eñhkag nK

lSy' ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfha l;d oUÈj Wmka l;d jqj o tajd furg Wmka l;d

mßoafoka yev .eiaiSug O¾ufiak ysñhkag yels jQfha .eñ Ôú;fhka ,o w;a±lSï

tajdg leùu fya;=fldg f.k h' .eñ yoj;aj,g tajd fnfyúka wdikak úh'

ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfha msgq w;ßka u;=jkafka mqiafld< fmd;a iqj| fkdj .eñ

Ôú;fha iqj| hs'’’ ûd¾áka úl%uisxy&

oyï irK

nq;airK rpkd ffY,shg wkq.; j hñka oyï irK o rpkd ù we;' nqÿka

irK fhñ hs nq;airK hd hq;= hkqfjka nq;airKfhys ks;r i|yka jk mßÈ u fuys §


oyï irK hd hq;= hkak ks;r Ndú; ùu fï ku we;s ùug fya;= ù we;' l;=jrhd

ljqreka o hk j. ksYaÑ; j ±laúh fkdyels h' we;eï wh úoHdpl%j¾;Ska u fuh o

rpkd l< nj ±laùug W;aidy .;a; o tys we;=<;a NdId Í;Skag wkqj th idjoH

u;hla nj ie,fla' ixialD; jpk nyq, j úY=oaê ud¾.fha ±lafjk Oïudkqiai;sh

mokï fldg f.k oyï irK ,sheù we;s nj úoaj;a u;h fõ'

i`. irK

;sirK fmd;a fmf<a f;jekak i`. irKhs' fuh o úoHdpl%j¾;Skaf.a lD;shla

f,i ±laùug we;euqka W;aidy .;a; o fndfyda úoaj;a;= th o m%;slafIam lr;s'

ix>r;akh fln÷ .=K we;s W;=ï msßila o hk j. ck;djg b;d fláfhka

meyeÈ,s lr §u fuu lD;sfhys f;audj ù we;' ;%smsgl wÜGl:dj,ska iy úY=oaê

ud¾.fhka ,nd .;a f;dr;=re fuys we;=<;a fjhs' tA ksid wgqjd l;d fy< niska

lSug .;a W;aidyhla f,i o fuh ye¢kaúh yels h'

lõis¿ñK

Ndr;Sh w,xldr Ydia;%h mokï lrf.k ks¾udKh jQ isxy,fha úYsIag;u uyd

ldjHh lõis¿ñKhs' l=iod lj f,isska ye¢kajqKq fuh ‘lõis¿ñK’ f,i m%lg

jQfha fy< lõf,dfõ jákdu ldjHh jQ ksid h' fuys l;=jrhd oUfoKsfha rclï

l< fojk merl=ïnd ksß÷ka h' .%ka:h rpkd lsÍug f;aud lrf.k we;af;a l=i

cd;lhhs' fï>¥;h jeks ixialD; uyd ldjHhl wka;¾.; i¾. nkaOk wd§

ldjH Í;sss Ndú;hg .ksñka YDx.dr rih okjk f,i rpkd ù we;s fuh i¾.

15 lska yd .S 770 ka hqla; fõ' tl, lõis¿ñK bf.kSu W.f;l= ùfï u.la f,i

ie,lsK'

—lõis¿ñK wfma merKs idys;Hfha tl u uyd lj ùu ksid isxy, idys;H

b;sydifha Bg ysñ ;ek o wks;a lsis u isxy, lú fmd;lg ke;s ;rñka by<g

f.dia ;sfí' W.;l=g uy;a wdorhlska o uy;a leue;a;lska o ´kE ;rug

lõis¿ñKg yrir ±laùug mq¿jkalu ;sîu tys úfYaI ,laIKhls' .;alre;a"

fmdf;a jia;=j;a" tys jekquq;a" we;=<;a l< foa;a" ldjH rih;a" WmfoaYh;a hk fï

ish¨ wxf.damdx.hkaf.ka wvqjla fkd;sîu lõis¿ñKg tA úfYaI ,laIKh f.k

§ug fya;= ù we;'˜

îsxy, idys;H jxYh -

mqxÑnKavdr ikakia.,&

fuf;la wmf.a j¾Kkhg ,la jQ idys;H lD;s wo olajd mej;=fKa tod fndfyda

fokd tAjd mßYS,kh lsÍug fhduq ùu ksid h' furg merKs ck iudch ;=< mej;s

wd.ñl" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k mßirh ms<sn|j;a" NdId Ndú;h ms<sn|j;a j;auka

iudchg ±k .ekSug fï ;=<ska yelshdj ,efí' wkd.; mrmqrg fïjdfha we;s

jeo.;alu lshd §fï j.lSu mejfrkqfha wmg h' úfõl ,o iEu úgl u kslrefKa

ld,h .; fkdfldg fun÷ iïNdjH .oH moH idys;H lD;s lshùug fm<öfuka

wmg tu lD;s ms<sn| ±kqula o ukd ridiajdohla o ,nd .; yels h'


idrdxYh

wkqrdOmqr hq.fha isg oUfoKs hq.h f;la rpkd jQ .oH moH isxy, fn!oaO idys;H

lD;s /ila wmg Wreu j we;' wkqrdOmqr hq.fha rpkd jQ lD;sj,ska fndfyduhla

wúoHudk jk w;r fiiq hq. foflys rÑ; idys;H lD;s fndfyduhla u wo

olajd olakg ,efí' nqoAO pß;h yd fndai;a isß; fï ks¾udK i|yd f;aud jQ

nj meyeÈ,s h' isxy, fn!oaO idys;H fmdaIKhg jvd;a odhl jQ .%ka: lsysmhla

muKla fuys § y÷kajd fok ,È' fï idys;H lD;s mßYS,kh ;=<ska tod wd.ñl"

idudðl" foaYmd,k f;dr;=re fuka u ;j;a fndfyda b;sydi.; lreKq ms<sn| j o

±kqu ,nd .ekSug yels fõ' tfia u riúkaok yelshdj j¾Okh lr .ekSug o

wjldY ie,fihs'

l%shdldrlu

1' nqoaO pß;h mokï lrf.k fmdf<dkakre hq.fha rÑ; idys;H lD;s y;rla yd

tajdfha l¾;Djreka kï lrkak'

2' oUfoKs hq.fha idys;H ks¾udKlrKhg odhl jQ .sys meúÈ m`äjreka fofofkl=

kï lr ta W;=ukaf.a ks¾udK y÷kajd fokak'

mejreu

ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfha tla l:djia;=jla f;dardf.k tys tk Wmud WoaOD; lr

olajkak'


rdcH md,kh ms<sn|

fn!oaO b.ekaùï22

ljr mqoa.,hl=g jqj o l=uk iudchlg jqj o ksrjq,a iduldó iqÅ; uqÈ; Ôú;hla

.; lsÍug WmldÍ jk lreKq /ils' iudch ;=< ish¨ iudðlhskag ys;lr jQ

md,khla ;sîu tA w;=rska b;d jeo.;a lreKla fõ' nqÿ oyu yqfola mqoa.,hdf.a

yd iudcfha iodpdr ixj¾Okh" wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqj jeks lreKq .ek muKla

wjOdkh fhduq lrkakla fkdfõ' mrf,dj fuka u fuf,dj hymeje;au o nqÿ

oyu w.h lrhs' ±yeñ iudchla we;s lr .ekSug;a fof,dj hym;a Ôú;hla

<`.dlr .ekSug;a iudchl fyd| foaYmd,k mßirhla ;sìh hq;= h hkak nqÿ oyu

ms<s.kshs'

oi ilaú;sj;a

lsis hï rdcHhl hymd,khla mj;ajdf.k hdug WmldÍ jk rdcH mßmd,k

m%;sm;a;s /ila nqÿ oyfï yuq fõ' oi ilaú;sj;a ta w;r jeo.;a ;ekla .kS' tu rdcH

md,k ms<sfj;a oyh §> ksldfha plalj;a;S iSykdo iQ;%fha ±lafjkafka tla;rd

m%jdo l;djla jYfhks' ta wkqj w;S;fha zo,ayfkañZ kï ilaú;s rc flfkl=

jdih lr we;' Tyq Od¾ñl j rg md,kh l< neúka ima;r;akh kñka jákd

iïm;a y;la my< úh' tys m<uq jekak pl%r;akhhs' th rdcH;ajfha ixfla;hhs'

È.= l,la Od¾ñl j tu rcf;fï rg md,kh lsÍfuka wk;=rej ;u jeäuy,a

mq;=g rclu mjrd ;mig .sfha h' .eg¨jla we;s jqj fyd;a ;ud úuik f,i o

Tyq ;u mq;=g mejiS h'

mq;%hd rdcH md,kh lrk jljdkqfõ ál l,lska pl%r;akh w;=reoyka úh' Tyq

fï nj msh rc;=ud yuq ù okajd isáfha h' túg t;=ud ;u mq;%hd wu;d zzorej fuu

ilaú;s rclu Tng msh Wreufhka ysñ jkakla fkdfõ' ta i|yd ksis ms<sfj;a

mqrd iqÿiafil= úh hq;= h' mqka fmdfyda Èfkl fuu rdcH md,k m%;sm;a;s oyh

iudoka j th /lSug fhduq jkak' túg tu iïm;a kej; ysñ fõ'ZZ hkqfjka mjid

tu ilaú;sj;a oyh olajd we;'

Tn O¾uh weiqre lrñka" O¾uhg .re lrñka" O¾uhg nqyquka lrñka" O¾uh mqoñka"

O¾uhg hgy;a meje;=ï olajñka" O¾uh Ochla fia fmrgq fldg" O¾uh l=ka;hla

fia Tijdf.k" O¾uh iajdñhd f,i f.k"


01' Tnf.a wUqorejka we;=¿ rc mjqf,a msßig Od¾ñl /ljrKh i,ikak'

02' rg rlsk n< fikÕg Od¾ñl /ljrKh i,ikak'

03' rdcH fiajfha kshq;= úúO ;k;=re ork laI;S%h msßig Od¾ñl /ljrKh

i,ikak'

04' lDIs l¾udka;h wd§ ksIamdok lghq;=j, ksr; n%dyauK .Dym;Skag

Od¾ñl /ljrKh i,ikak'

05' l=vd .ïj, jeishkg yd ckmo jdiSkag o Od¾ñl /ljrKh i,ikak'

06' ck;djf.a iÞpdr ixj¾Okhg u. fmkajk Y%uK n%dyauK msßiaj,g

Od¾ñl /ljrKh i,ikak'

07' ;sßikqkag yd mlaISkag Od¾ñl /ljrKh i,ikak'

08' rfÜ wOd¾ñl l%shd we;s fkdjk whqßka lghq;= lrkak'

09' È<s÷ ckhdg Okh fokak'

10' is,aj;a" .=Kj;a" úh;a uyK nuqKkaf.ka wjjdo wkqYdikd ,nd .ksñka rg

md,kh lrkak'

oi ilaú;sj;a iuia;hla jYfhka .;a l, fn!oaO rdcH md,khlska wfmalaId

lrk jeo.;a lreKq lsysmhla we;s nj meyeÈ,s fõ'

01' Od¾ñl rdcH md,kh

02' ñksia ;sßika wd§ iEu fldgilg u wdrlaIdj ,nd §u

03' kS;sh l%shd;aul lrñka kS;s úfrdaë wOd¾ñl l%shd je<elaùu

04' iqÿiq mqoa.,hkaf.ka Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu

Od¾ñl;ajh ljr ld¾hhl § jqj o w¾:j;a úh hq;= nj nqÿ oyu W.kajhs'

úfYaIfhka u rdcH md,lfhl= ±yeñ úh hq;= h' Tjqka w±yeñ jQ l, weue;sjreka

ks,orejka jekafkda o ks.u ckmo jdiSyq o w±yeñ fj;s' thska mßirh mjd

úlD;s ù fndfyda wjev isÿ jk nj oyfuys fmkajd § ;sfí' nqÿ oyug wkqj

uyckhd úiska m<uq md,lhd m;a lrk ,oafoa o Od¾ñl md,khla wfmalaIdfjks'

±yeñ j lghq;= lsÍu fn!oaOhka jk wm ljqreka úiskq;a wu;l fkdl< hq;a;ls'


;sßika .; i;a;ajfhda o Ôj f,dalhg wh;a fj;s' nqÿ oyu wkqj ish¨ Ôùkag fu;a

jeäh hq;= h¦ fi;a me;sh hq;= h' ljr Ôúhl=g jqj o ysxid mSvd fkdl< hq;= h'

rcqka úiska o th tfia u l< hq;= nj nqÿ oyfuys fmkajd fohs' fuys § ñksia Ôú;

fuka u ;sßika Ôú; .ek o Wkkaÿ ù ;sîu b;d jeo.;a h' isiqka jk wm o th

wkq.ukh lsÍu fnfyúka jeo.;a fõ'

rgl ck Ôú;h iqÅ; uqÈ; ùug kï kS;s úfrdaë idmrdë l%shd fkd;sìh hq;= h'

ksis f,i kS;sh l%shdjg k`.ñka hqla;sh bgq lsÍfuka iduh ;yjqre lrñka md,kh

lsÍu rcqf.a j.lSuhs' idmrdë l%shd fkdfldg kS;s.rel j Od¾ñl j Ôj;a ùug

mdi,a orejka jk wm o j. n,d .; hq;= h'

È<s÷lu fndfyda idmrdë l%shdjkag ñksiqka fmd<Ujk nj fuu iQ;%fha u i|yka

fõ' fidrlu" fndre lSu" ukqIH >d;kh wd§ iudc úfrdaë l%shd uq¿ukska u

md,kh lsÍug kï tAjdg ;=vq § we;s fya;= ke;s l< hq;= h' ta wkqj iudch ;=<

iqrlaIs; wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhla f.dvke.Su rcqf.a j.lSuhs' mdi,a isiqka jk wm o wm

i;= iïm;a /l .ksñka u;= ÈhqKqjg iïm;a /ia lsÍug mqreÿ úh hq;= h'

rdcH md,lhd w;a;fkdau;sl j l%shd lrk taldêm;sfhl= fkdúh hq;= nj nqÿ oyfï

fkdfhla úg olajd ;sfí' Tyq wkqkag ijka Èh hq;= h' úfYaIfhka u iudcfhys

Ôj;a jk .=Kj;a" úh;a W;=ukaf.a Wmfoia ,nd .ksñka rdcH md,kh l< hq;= h'

túg jvd;a id¾:l yd M,odhS md,khla Tyqg l%shd;aul l< yels fõ' l=vd orejka

jk wm o tu wdo¾Y wkqj .=K kqjK we;s jeäysáhkaf.a wjjdo wkqYdikd ,nd

f.k Ôú;h id¾:l lr .; fyd;a wkd.;fha ±yeñ md,khg odhl úh yels fõ'

ima; wmßydkSh O¾u

nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;fha m%Odk md,k l%u folla mej;sKs' rdcdKavq l%uh bka tlls'

iuQydKavq md,kh fyj;a .K;ka;% md,kh wfklhs' tjlg jÊð rcorejka úiska

tn÷ .K;ka;% md,khla l%shd;aul l< nj i|yka fõ' Tjqkaf.a wNsjDoaêh we;s

l<" msßySu je<elajQ tu md,k l%uh m%;sm;a;s y;lska hqla; úh' tajd Tjqka bf.k

.;af;a nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.ks'

01' ks;r ks;r /iaùu

02' iu.s j /ia j" iu.s j idlÉPd fldg" iu.sj úisr hdu

03' fmr fkdmekjQ kS;s" fkdmekùu yd mkjk ,o kS;s lv

fkdfldg wdrlaId lsÍu

04' jeäysáhkag yd Tjqkaf.a woyiaj,g .re lsÍu

05' ldka;djkag wdrlaIdj ie,iSu

06' jÊð rdcHh we;=<; yd msg; mQckSh ia:dk wdrlaId lsÍu yd

lv fkdfldg mqoisß;a meje;aùu

07' ;u rdcHhg meñ‚ yd meñfKk mQckSh W;=ukag myiqlï

ie,iSu


by; i|yka l< ima; wmßydkSh O¾u oi ilaú;sj;aj, wjOdrKh fkdjk

jeo.;a md,k m%;sm;a;s lSmhla W.kajhs'

1' rdcH md,lhska iu.s j l%shd l< hq;=hs'

2' kS;sh ksis f,i wdrlaId l< hq;=hs'

3' ldka;djkag wdrlaIdj ie,ish hq;=hs'

4' mQckSh ia:dk wdrlaId lrñka tu W;=ukag myiqlï ie,ish hq;=hs'

ks;r /iaùu;a" iu.s j /iaùu;a iduQysl md,kfha § b;d jeo.;a fõ' tys §

nyq;rhlf.a woyia ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq l< yels h' jeä fofkl=g ijka Èh

yels h' thska md,lhd w;a;fkdau;sl j l%shd lrk tAldêm;sjrfhl= ùu je<fla'

Tyq jvd;a m%cd;ka;%jd§ fjhs' uyckhdg uqyqK mEug isÿ jk m%Yak ks;r idlÉPd

fldg iu.s j jev l< yels h' ks;r tla/ia ù idlÉPd fldg jev lsÍu o

w.fka h'

rgl kS;sh yeu w;ska u rg jeishkaf.a hym; we;s lrjkakla úh hq;= h'

iduQysl j iïu; lr .;a kS;s moaO;sh ;ks ;ks j fjkia fkdlr lghq;= lsÍu

iu.shg fuka u m%.;shg o fya;= fjhs' kS;sh uyckhd i|yd h" uyckhd kS;sh

i|yd fkdfjhs hk wjfndaOfhka rcq l%shd l< hq;= h' orejka jk wm o kS;s lv

fkdfldg kS;s .rel j fmdÿ Od¾ñl ;SrKj,g tlÕ j l%shd lsÍug mqreÿ ùu

wjYH fõ'

ldka;dfjda iudchl b;d jeo.;a ;ekla .ks;s' ujqjreka f,i Tjqyq orejka

ìys fldg we;s±ä lrñka iudch f.dvk.;s' .DyKshla f,i iudcfha l=vd u

tAllh jQ mjq,;a" .Dyh;a /l n,d .ks;s' Tjqkag úfYaI wdrlaIdjla ie,iSu yd

Tjqkaf.a wNsjDoaêhg wjYH mshjr .ekSu o f,dalfha ÈhqKq md,k l%uj, b;d

jeo.;afldg ie,fla' mdi,a orejka jk wm o th wdo¾Yhg f.k l%shd l< hq;= h'

wd.u" ixialD;sh yd idrO¾u rlaIKh yd fmdaIKh lsÍu i|yd l%shd lrkafka

iudchl mQcH mlaIhhs' mQckSh ia:dk Bg wod< wdh;k fõ' md,lfhl= úiska

tfia w;HjYH fufyjrl fhfok mQckSh W;=uka yd mQckSh ia:dk rlaIKh"

fmdaIKh lrñka tu fufyjrg wkq.%y ±laúh hq;= fjhs' th yeu w;ska u iudchl

hymeje;aug ufydamldÍ fõ' mQckSh ia:dk yd mQcH W;=ukag .re i;aldr lrñka

l%shd lsÍu l=vd l, isg u mqreÿ mqyqKq úh hq;a;ls'

i;r ix.%y jia;=

iudchl ljr ;rd;srul mqoa.,fhl= ;=< jqj o l%shd;aul jYfhka ;sìh hq;=

ms<sfj;a y;rla i;r ix.%y jia;= kñka ye¢kafjhs' odkh" ms%h jpkh" w¾:p¾hdj"

iudkd;au;dj hkqfjka ±lafjkafka tu i;rhs' fuu ms<sfj;a úfYaIfhka u

kdhl;ajh orkafkl= ;=< ;sìh hq;= h'


i;r ix.%y jia;= fyj;a isõ i`.rdj;aj, m<uq j ±lafjk odkh hkq yqfola wd.ñl

lghq;a;la muKla fkdfõ' md,lhd úiska rfÜ ck;djf.a wd¾Ól wNsjDoaêh Wod

lr,Sfï wruqKska m%d.aOkh iemhSu o Bg we;=<;a h' tkï f.dú;eka lrk msßig

wod< N+ñh" ì;a;r ù" fmdfydr" c,h wdÈh ,nd §uhs' fjf<|dfï fhfok whg

fjf<|fmd< yd m%d.aOkh ,nd §u;a" rdcH fiajfha fyda fjk;a fiajdjka imhk

msßia i|yd ksis f,i n;a jegqma ,nd §u;a odkhg we;=<;a fõ' tf,i md,lhd

ck;dj flfrys j.lSfuka lghq;= lrk úg ck;dj o j.ùfuka hq;= j l%shd

lrñka fidrlñka" jxpdfjka" ¥IKfhka" m%dK>d;fhka f;dr j lghq;= lsÍug

fm<fUhs' th mqoa.,hdf.a f,!lsl wNsjDoaêh Wodlrk w;r mrf,dj hym; o

we;s lrkakla fõ'

m%sh jpk hkq hym;a jpkhs' tkï jpkfhka isÿ jk je/È y;frka f;dr j

l;dnia lsÍuhs' fndrej" fla,u" ysia jpk yd r¿ jpkfhka je<lS m%sh jpk

Ndú; lsÍuhs' wdorfhka" f.!rjfhka yd lkg ñysß jokska l;d lrkq weiSug wm

ljqre;a leue;s h' ñksiqka muKla fkdj ;sßika i;=ka o ñysß jpkhg leue;s nj

kkaÈúid, cd;lfhka o meyeÈ,s fjhs' th wmf.a o w;a±lSuls' jpkhg wiSñ;

n,hla we;' kdhlhl= th Ndú; l< hq;af;a ck;djf.a hym; i|yd h' md,lhd

fndrefjka ;ud uq,dlrkjdg ck;dj lsis úfgl;a leu;s ke;' tneúka md,lhd

m%cdjg i;H m%ldY lsÍu;a" Tjqka fNao lsÍfuka je<lS iu.sh ÈhqKq lsÍu;a" w¾:j;a

foa l;d lsÍu;a" lkg ñysß m%shYS,S l;dnia we;s nj;a hym;a md,khla i|yd

wjYH h'

w¾:p¾hdj hkqfjka woyia flfrkafka wkqkaf.a hym; yd wkqkaf.a ÈhqKqj

msKsi lghq;= lsÍuhs' ienE md,lfhl=g ck;d fiajh yer fjk;a wruqKla

;sìh fkdyels h' th Tyqf.a mru hq;=lu fõ' md,lhd hefmkafka ck;djf.a

nÿ uqo,aj,ska ksid ojfia uq¿ ld,h u fiajh i|yd lem l< hq;= h' fu;a;d"

lreKd" uqÈ;d" WfmalaLd hk isõ nUúyrK kï jQ .=K O¾uj,ska yoj; mqrjd .;a

md,lfhl=g ck;djg w¾:j;a fiajdjla lsÍu lsis úfgl;a wmyiq lreKla

fkdfõ' fï ;=<ska ish¨ rg jeishka ;ukaf.a orejka f,i is;d lghq;= lsÍfï

W;=ï ufkdaNdjhla f.dvkef.a' túg mshmq;= in|;dfjka hq;= j ck;djg fiajh

lsÍfï wjia:dj md,lhdg Wod fõ'

rgl ck;dj úúO l=," cd;s" wd.ï" NdId wkqj j¾. ù isáh o ta ish¨ fokd

flfrys iu is;ska lghq;= lsÍu iudkd;au;d ,laIKhhs' md,lfhl= i;= fï W;=ï

.=Kdx. ksid rg jeishdf.a whs;sjdislï yd ksoyi iudk whqßka iqrlaIs; fõ'

iudcfha ish,a,kaf.a hym; yd wNsjDoaêh o iudk j ie,fia' YsIH kdhl" mka;s

kdhl" ksjdi kdhl" l%Svd lKavdhï kdhl wd§ ;k;=rla wmg ,enqKfyd;a fï

iudkd;au;d .=Kfhka hqla; ùug wm j. n,d .; hq;= h'


i;r w.;sfhka f;drùu

w.;sh hkq kS;shg" hqla;shg" O¾uhg mgyeks j l%shd lsÍuhs" tfia lsÍug md,lhd

fmd<Ujk lreKq y;rls" Pkao" oafõY" Nh yd fuday hkqfjka olajd ;sfnkafka'

fuu i;r w.;shg hkakdf.a hii wjmlaIfha i| fuka msßfyk nj o w.;shg

fkdhk ;eke;a;df.a hii mqr mlaIfha i| fuka jefvk nj o nqÿrcdKka

jykafia jod<y' th wm ieug wod< jkakls' rdcH md,lhl= i;r w.;sfhka

f;drùu iqúfYaI fõ'

Pkaoh hkq leue;a;hs' w.;s.dó ùu hkq ;ukaf.alu" kEoElu" ys;j;alu"

mdlaIsl;ajh wdÈh ksid whq;= jev lsÍu h' hqla;sh yd idOdrK;ajh bgq jk f,i

l%shd lsÍfuka w.;s.dó;ajh j<lS' rdcH md,kfha § fm!oa.,sl reÑ wreÑlï

fkdi,ld l%shd lsÍu md,lhl=f.a j.lSuhs'

oafõYh hkq úreoaOjd§ is;=ú,a,ls' ;ukaf.a fkdjk ;ukag úreoaO" ;u mlaIfha

fkdjk whg widOdrKlï lrkafka kï th oafõYfhka w.;shg hEuls'

oafõYfhka ÿIs; jQ md,lfhl=g hqla;sh fyda whqla;sh" iqÿiqlï yd kqiqÿiqlï"

idrO¾u fyda widrO¾u fkdfmfka' ksr;=re j oafõYfhka hq;= j lghq;= lrk

md,lhl=g uOHia: j ksje/È j ;SrKj,g t<ôh fkdyels h'

lsis hï mqoa.,hl= fyda ixúOdk ms<sn| j we;s Nh ksid w.;shg f.dia l%shd

fkdlsÍug md,lhl= j.n,d .; hq;= h' tfia ìh uq,a lrf.k l%shd lsÍu rg

jeishdg ksiel j u ydksodhl fõ' ìh ksid" ck;djg wys;lr je/È ;SrKj,g

md,lhl= t<ôh yels h'

fudayh fyj;a uq,dj o w.;s.dó j l%shd lsÍug md,lhd fmd<Ujhs' fudayfhka

w.;s.dó jQ md,lfhl=g hqla;sh yd whqla;sh" fyd| krl f;dard fírd .ekSug

fkdyels fõ' tfia f;dard fírd .ekSug kï md,lhdg ;SlaIK nqoaêhla ;sìh

hq;= h' iudch ;=< kS;sh yd iduh kssis f,i l%shdjg kexúh yelafla o fudayfhka

w.;shg fkdhk nqoaêu;a j lghq;= lrk md,lhl=g muKs'

fï wdldrhg Od¾ñl rdcH md,khla mj;ajd .ekSug nqÿ oyñka ,nd ÿka WmfoaY

nqoaO ld,fha Ôj;a jQ ìïìidr rcq" fldfid,a rcq jeks rdcdKavq md,lhka fuka u

jÊð" u,a, rcjreka jeks iuQydKavq md,lhka o wkq.ukh l< nj fmfka' tfia u

miqld,Sk j O¾udfYdal jeks rcjreka o" ,laÈj fndfyda rcjreka o oi ilaú;sj;a"

ima; wmßydkSh O¾u" i;r ix.%y jia;= wkq.ukh l< nj;a" i;r w.;sfhka

fjka j l%shd l< nj;a" b;sydifhka meyeÈ,s fõ' tA wkqj ish rdcHhkays mßydksh

j<lajd wNsjDoaêh Wod lr .ksñka uyck;djg hym;a fiajdjla iemhSug Tjqyq

iu;a jQy' rdcH md,kh ms<sn| fuu fn!oaO b.ekaùï j¾;udk f,dalhg o fyd|

u. fmkaùuls' fnfyúka u iudc ys;ldó jQ;a" m%cd;ka;%jd§ jQ;a" rdcH md,khla


l%shdjg ke.Sug;a ck;djf.a wd¾Ól" idudðl" ixialD;sl" wd§ úúO me;sj,ska

w.h l< yels ixj¾Okhla we;s lr .ekSug;a fuu u. fmkaùu wog o Wmfhda.S

lr .; yels h'

mdi,a YsIHhka jk wmg o fndfyda wjiaa:dj, § kdhl;ajh f.k ls%hd lsÍug isÿ

fõ' tn÷ wjia:djkays § jvd;a fyd¢ka yd ld¾hlaIu j ;u fufyh bgq lsÍug

fuu fn!oaO b.ekaùï WmldÍ lr .; yels fjhs'

idrdxYh

nqÿ oyu fuf,dj" mrf,dj hk WNhd¾:h u idOkh lr .ekSug u. fmkajkakls'

tA wkqj fuf,dj hym; i|yd nqÿrÿka foaYkd l< lreKq w;r rdcH md,k

m%;sm;a;s o jeo.;a ;ekla .kS' oi ilaú;sj;a" ima; wmßydkSh O¾u" i;r ix.%y

jia;= yd i;r w.;sfhka f;dr ùu tu foaYmd,k m%;sm;a;sj,ska lSmhls' tAjd

rdcH md,lhkag fuka u fiiq iudc kdhlhskag o ish ld¾hNdrhka id¾:l lr

.ekSug WmldÍ fõ'

l%shdldrlu

01 oi ilaú;sj;a kï lrkak'

02 hym;a kdhlfhl= ùug i;r ix.%y jia;=j,ska ,efnk msájy,

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

03 mdi,a isiqjl= jYfhka rdcH md,k b.ekaùï ;=<ska Tng ,efnk wdo¾Y

fmkajd fokak'

mejreu

Tfí ksjfiys iduldó iu.s iïmkak mjq,a mßirhla f.dvk.d .ekSug wod< j

ima; wmßydkSh O¾u weiqßka l%shdldÍ ie,eiaula ms<sfh, lrkak'


Y%oaOdj ksjka uf.ys msúiquhs23

tla iufhl Nd.Hj;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia fïo;¿ïm kï YdlH jxYslhkaf.a

kshï .fuys jdih l<y' Èkla fldfid,a rc;=ud tys iem;a jQfha imsßjßks'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia yuq jQ rc f;fï Wkajykafia iu. l< §¾> idlÉPdfõ §

fy<s l< tla mqj;l fufia ±la fõ'

—iajdñkS" hqo ìfuys fiakdj fufyhjQ tla wjia:djl uu tla;rd iïndO

iys; ;efkl rd;%sh .; lf<ñ' biso;a;" mqrdK kue;s jvqfjda fofok

ud iómfhys isáhy' rd;%sfhys fndfyda fõ,djla ±yeñ l;dnyl fh§

isá Tjqka kskaog iQÞkï jk wdldrh uu n,d isáfhñ' Tjqyq nqÿrcdKka

jykafia jev isák ÈYdjg ysi oud ud isák ÈYdjg mh oud je;srefKda h'

ud fok n;ska hefmk" ud imhk hdkfhka .uka hk" ud ksid Ôj;a jk

kuqÿ Tjqyq ud flfrys f.!rj fkdolajd Tn jykafia flfrys u f.!rj

±lajQy˜'

fldfid,a rc;=ud fy<s l< fuu isÿùu ;=< wmg yuq jkafka" ienE Y%oaOdj we;s

.sys fn!oaOhka fofofkls' Tjqka tÞ f.!rjdpdr olajd we;af;a ;ukag wdydrmdk

wdÈh imhk uyrcqg fkdj ksjka u. fy<s lrk nqÿrcdKka jykafiag h' tfia

;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a nqoaO;ajh ms<sn| j kqj‚ka ±k we;s lr .;a meye§u

we;af;a ieoeyej;dghs' Tjqyq n;a m;g jvd .=K kqjKg .re lr;s'

—ie±yej;alu˜ hkq iir ÿlska tf;r ùug nqÿrcdKka jykafia jÞ<

u.g msúiSfï fÞrgqj h' rd." oafõY" fuday wdÈ ish¨ flf,ia uq,skqmqgd

ouk ksjka u.g msúfik Y%djlhd m<uq j ie±yej;a úh hq;= h' ÿlska

ñ§ug wÞ< u. wkqmQ¾j YslaIdjls' wkqmQ¾j l%shdj,shls' wkqmQ¾j m%;smÞjls'

wkqms<sfj<ska hd hq;= .ukls' tys m<uq mshjr Y%oaOdjhs' ie±yej;a ;eke;a;d

oyï .=rejreka fj; t<efUhs' t<U" weiqre lrhs' weiqre lrkafka" lka fhduq

lrhs' lka fhduq lrkafka" oyï wihs' oyï wid is; ;nd .kshs' is; ;nd

f.k wre;a úuihs' wre;a úuid jgyd .kshs' jgyd f.k O¾ufhys leue;s

fjhs' tys yeisfrhs' Ndjkdjg fhduq fjhs' fl<jr mru i;Hh úksúo olshs'

m%;HlaI lrhs' ksjka wjfndaO lrhs'

fufia Y%oaOdj uq,a fldg f.k ksjka u.g msúi tys .uka lrk Y%djlhd iS,fhka

iudêhg o" iS,fhka yd iudêfhka m%×jg o <Õd ù rd." oafõY" fuday wdÈ

flf,ia .sks ksjd ish¨ ÿla ksu lrkafka h' tneúka" Y%oaOdj jemsßh hq;= îchla

f,i W.kajd ;sfí'


tA Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ^fid N.jd& fï lreKq wkqj ^b;s ms& wryx .=Kfhka

hqla;hy" iïud iïnqoaOhy" úÊcd prK iïmkakhy" iq.;hy" f,dal ú¥hy wdÈ

jYfhka Wka jykafiaf.a .=K uysuh kqj‚ka ±k" ±l we;s lr .;a meye§u

Y%oaOdj h' tfia u tA Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska foaYkd lrk ,oaod jQ O¾uh

ikaÈÜÀl h" tAys miaisl h" ´mkhsl h hkd§ jYfhka O¾ufhys .=K uysuh ±k

±l kqj‚ka we;s lr .;a meye§u Y%oaOdj h' tA nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%djl jQ

wd¾h uyd ix> r;akh iqmámkak h" Wcqmámkak h wdÈ jYfhka ±k ±l f;areï

f.k we;s lr .;a meye§u Y%oaOdj h' ieflúka lshf;d;a ;%súO r;akh ms<sn| we;s

lr .;a ksiel nj Y%oaOdjhs' tu Y%oaOdj we;s ;eke;a;d wkqms<sfj<ska bÈßhg hd

hq;= ksjka u.g msúfihs' fï wkqj Y%oaOdj hkq wjfndaOfhka f;dr meye§u fyda

wkaO Nla;sh fyda fkdfõ' mokula ke;s weoySu fyda wúpdrj;a úYajdih fyda

fkdfõ' kqj‚ka úuid lreKq f;areï f.k ;%súO r;akfhys .=K uysuh ms<sn| j

wm is;a i;ka ;=< we;s lr .kakd meye§uhs'

tfia ;%súO r;akh ms<sn| lreKq ±k we;s lr .kakd meye§u" wfjÉpmamidohhs'

lreKq fkd±k o flfkl=g nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| j meye§u we;s úh

yels h' ksoiqkla f,i we;eful= nqÿrcdKka jykafia flfrys m%idoh we;s fldg

f.k Wka jykafia wkq.ukh lsÍug fm<UqfKa Wka jykafiaf.a rEm iïm;a;sh

fyj;a ndysr fm!reIh flfrys we;s jQ m%idoh fya;=fjks' nqÿrcdKka jykafia

oji úiQ jlal,S ysñhkaf.a mqj; óg ksoiqkls'

wfjÉpmamidoh flfkl= ;=< we;s jkqfha nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd lrk O¾u

ud¾.h ;udf.a j¾;udk wd.ñl úYajdi yd iei£fuka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a

b.ekaùu flfrys we;s jk ikaikaokd;aul ×kfhks' fuh we;s úh yelafla

wm by;ska ÿgq mßÈ nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| j wid b;d ir, Y%oaOdjlska

Wka jykafia fj; t<fUk mqoa.,hl= ;=< h' Wm;ska fn!oaOhka jk wm fndfyda

fofkl= ;=< o tla;rd wjia:djl § m%idoh fï whqßka we;s úh yels h' tfy;a wm

fndfyda fofkl= oyu Wm;ska u ms<sf.k we;s neúka tfia we;s ùfï fyda fkdùfï

.eg¨jla mek fkdk.S'

O¾uh flfrys we;s jk m%idofhys B<Õ wjia:dj jkqfha i;Hh wjfndaO lsÍu;a

m%×fjka ;%s,laIKh úksúo ±lSu;a h' fuu fomshjr ks¾jdK.dó m%;smÞfõ

wjidkh fõ' bka meyeÈ,s jkafka b;d ir, Y%oaOdjlska wdrïN lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd

mQ¾K i;HdjfndaOfhka we;s jk m%×fjka ;u wd.ñl m%;smÞj iïmQ¾K lrk

njhs' tu wjia:dj jk úg Y%oaOdj fjkqjg m%×j we;s ù ;sfí' Tyqg ;j ÿrg;a

f;rejk ms<sn| j úYajdi lsÍug wjYH ke;af;a f;rejk ms<sn| ×kh we;s ù

;sfnk neúks' wdrïNfha § lreKq ±k nqÿrcdKka jykafia i;HdjfndaOh fldg

we;s nj;a" O¾uh ksjkg muqKqjk ksje/È ud¾.h nj;a" ix>hd tu u.g ms<smka

Ôjudk wdo¾Yh nj;a úYAjdi lrñka O¾uh ms<sme§u wdrïN l< mqoa.,hd fï jk

úg f;rejk ms<sn| by; lS lreKq ;=k ;u wjfndaOfhka u okS' Y%oaOdfjys ;ek

m%×j úiska .kq ,en we;'


lreKq fkd±k mokulska f;dr j we;s jk Y%oaOdj wuQ,sl Y%oaOd ^fyj;a uq,a ke;s

Y%oaOdj& f,i o lreKq ±kSfuka we;s jk Y%oaOdj wdldrj;S ioaOd ^nqoaêuh Y%oaOdj&

f,i o O¾ufhys ±lafõ' by;ska ±lajQ wfjÉpmamidoh we;s jkqfha wdldrj;S

Y%oaOdj ;=<sks' wdldrj;S Y%oaOdj we;s jkqfha lreKq úuiSfuka neúka f;rejk

ms<sn| j lreKq úuiSug" mÍlaId lsÍug" m%Yak lsÍug" nqÿrcdKka jykafia wkqn,

§ we;' nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a is; ±k .ekSug Yla;sh ke;s ^mrÑ;a; úcdkk

×kh ke;s& ´kE u flfkl=g ;uka jykafia ms<sn| j mÍlaId fldg n,k

f,i nqÿrcdKka jykafia wjir ÿkay' udi .Kkla nqÿrcdKka jykafia iu.

tlg isáñka Wka jykafiaf.a meje;au mÍlaId l< n%yaudhq kï ;reK nuqfKl=

.ek O¾ufhys i|yka fõ' nqÿ oyug wkqj úYAjdih we;s lr .; hq;af;a fya;=

iys; j h' lreKq ±k f.k h' we;a wä Wmudj ^pQ, y;aÓ mfodamu iQ;%h& jÞ<

nqÿrcdKka jykafia jvd;a ióm fya;= idOl muKla i,ld n,d nqoaOdÈ r;ak;%h

ms<sn| ks.ukj,g fkdt<ôh hq;= hehs b.ekajQy' tys,d ¥r olakd kqjK wjYH h'

wd¾h jQ YS,ialkaOfhka o" bkaøsh ixjrfhka o" isyskqj‚ka o hqla; j fikiqkl

Ndjkd lrk Y%djlhd kSjrK ÿre fldg OHdk Wmojhs' tfy;a p;=¾úO OHdk

w;=ßka tllska fyda Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iïud iïnqoaO h" O¾uh iajdlaLd; h"

ix>hd iqmámkak hehs ks.ukhlg fkdmeñfKhs' tfia OHdk ,nd ;jÿrg;a

Ndjkd fldg mqífí ksjdidkqiai;s yd ÈínplaLq ×kh o ,nhs' tu f,!lsl

wNs× ;=<ska o Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iïud iïnqoaO h" O¾uh iajdlaLd; h" ix>hd

iqmámkak hehs ks.ukh fkdlrhs' wjidkfha § tu Y%djl f;fï ish¨ flf,ia

ke;s fldg f,daflda;a;r jQ wdijlaLh ×kh ,nd .kS' fyf;u p;=rd¾h i;Hh

wjfndaO lrhs' túg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iïud iïnqoaO h" O¾uh iajdlaLd; h"

ix>hd iqmámkak hehs ksYaph lrhs' lreKq ±k fyda lreKq fkd±k fyda we;s

jk Y%oaOdfjka f;dr j wmg f;rejk ms<sn| j m%idoh we;s fkdfõ' Y%oaOdj iy

m%idoh ke;s úg f;rejk j¢kafka j;a l=i,l¾u lrkafka j;a O¾u ud¾.h wkq.

ukh lrkafka j;a ke;' tfyhska fn!oaOhl= f,i wmg ;sìh hq;= uQ,sl .=Kdx.h

—Y%oaOdj˜ fõ' th we;s úg wm wd.ñl Okfhka fmdfydi;a h'

Y%oaOdj Wiia Okhls' ksjka uf.ys hdug wmg wjYH u. úhoï imhkafka Y%oaOdjhs'

th ke;s kï wm oyï u. wkq.ukh fkdlrk neúks' ixidrh kue;s id.rh

wm ;rKh lrkafka o Y%oaOdj fya;=fjks' tfia jkafka Y%oaOdj ke;s kï wm oyu

fkdms<smÈk w;r" oyï fkdms<smÈk úg wm iir ;=< u /f|k neúks' wd.ñl

Ôú;h kue;s w;=m;r we;s jDlaIfhys uQ, îch jkafka o Y%oaOdjhs' îchlska

f;dr j .ila yg fkd.kakdla fuka Y%oaOdj kue;s îcfhka f;dr j wd.ñl

Ôú;h kue;s jDlaIh fkdyefoa¦ fkdjefâ' wfma wruqK ksjk h' ksjk hkq

ksùuhs" rd. fodai fuday hk flf,ia .sks ksjd .ekSuhs' th iïmQ¾Kfhka ksù

hkafka ksjka ±lSfuks' wfma wd.ñl Ôú;h .; l< hq;af;a álska ál fyda rd.

fodai fuday ;=kS jk wdldrhg h' rd.h kï wruqKqj, wef,k .;shhs' fodaih kï

wruqKq j, .efgk .;shhs' fudayh kï uq,d jk .;shhs' tajd md,kh lr .ekSug

Y%oaOdj fnfyúka u Wmldr fõ' ie±ye;s j rd.dÈh wvq lrñka wd¾h ud¾.fha


.uka lsÍu fof,dj iekiSug;a ksjka iem ,eîug;a fya;= jk neúka wms o tfia

ls%hd lsÍug wêIaGdk lr .ksuq'

idrdxYh

Y%oaOdj fn!oaO m%;smÞfõ fÞrgqjhs' bka woyia jkafka ;%súO r;akh ms<sn| ukd

wjfndaOfhka hqla; j we;s lr .;a meye§uhs' tu meye§u Tiafia ksjka u. .uka

fldg wjidkfha § ish¨ flf,ia ke;s lsÍfuka iir ÿl ksu fldg ksjka mila

l< yels h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia jÞ< fulS Y%oaOdj yqÿ meye§u" úYAjdih fyda

weoySu fkdfõ' f;rejk .=K ±k kqj‚ka we;s lr .;a m%idohhs' th wdldrj;S

Y%oaOdj f,i ye¢kafõ' Y%oaOdj fmrgq lrf.k rd. fodai fuday md,kh lrñka

lghq;= lrk ;eke;a;d ksjk wruqKq fldg wd¾h ud¾.fha .uka lrkafkls'

l%shdldrlu

01' wuQ,sl Y%oaOdj yd wdldrj;S Y%oaOdj fjk fjk u y÷kajkak'

02' Y%oaOdj ÈhqKq lr .ekSug WmldÍ jk l%shdldrlï folla meyeÈ,s

lrkak'

03' rd. fodai fuday ms<sn| O¾udkql+, flá ye¢kaùula ,shkak'

mejreu

úÿy,am;s;=udf.a wjirh we;s j mka;s Ndr .=re;=udf.a u. fmkaùfuka iqúfYaI

jkaokd pdßldjl ie,iqula ilia lr l%shd;aul lrkak'

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nqoaO O¾uh - edupub.gov.lk G-10/budhist … · ii m%:u uqøKh (- 2014 fojk uqøKh (- 2015 f;jk uqøKh (- 2016 isjqjk uqøKh (- 2017 miajk uqøKh (- 2018 yhjk uqøKh (- 2019 ish¨