Upload
sujana
View
231
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
1/92
OSTEOARTHRITIS
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
2/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
3/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
4/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
5/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
6/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
7/92
Osteoarthritis
Primary generalizedfactors
Secondary (followsdemonstrable abnormality
& occurs following certainpredisposing factors) trauma
congenital deformity
inflamatory and infection
metabolic disorder
acquired incongruity of jointsurface
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
8/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
9/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
10/92
Inflammatory Vs Non-inflammatory around the joint
Feature Inflammatory Noninflammatory
Pain (when?)
SwellingErythema
Warmth
Morning stiffness
Systemic features
ESR, CRP
Synovial fluid WBC
Examples
Yes (AM)
Soft tissueSometimes
Sometimes
Prominent
Sometimes
Frequent
WBC >2000
Septic, RA, SLE,
Gout
Yes (PM)
BonyAbsent
Absent
Minor (< 30 )
Absent
Uncommon
WBC < 2000
OA, AVN
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
11/92
Articular Vs Periarticular
Clinical feature Articular Periarticular
Anatomic
structure
Painful site
Pain on
movementSwelling
Synovium,
cartilage,
capsuleDiffuse, deep
Active/passive,
all planesCommon
Tendon, bursa,
ligament,
muscle, boneFocal point
Active, in few
planesUncommon
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
12/92
Epidemiology
Primary Type :
females
develops spontaneously in middle age
progresses slowly
Secondary Type :
males
develops at any ages as result of injury
more rapidly progresses
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
13/92
Epidemiology
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
14/92
Pathogenesis Staging
Initial stages
Early stages
Intermediate stage
Terminal Stage
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
15/92
Pathology
Cardinal features :
1. Progressive cartdestruction
2. Subarticular cystformation
3. Sclerosis ofsurrounding bone
4. Osteophytesformation
5. Capsular fibrosis
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
16/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
17/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
18/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
19/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
20/92
Risk Factors
Joint dysplasia Perthes disease
Hurry prophylactic surgery in child
Trauma # involving artic surf
Malunion long-bone #
repetitive stress in athletes
Bone density
Obesity
Family history
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
21/92
Clinical Findings
Pain Stiffness
Swelling
Deformity
Loss of function
Cartilage
Deterioration
Crepitus
Osteophytes -Bone Spurs
Loss of Joint
Space Increased Density
of Bone in Joint
Lines Increased Synovial
Fluid
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
22/92
12/4/2012
Clinical Classification
Monoarthritis Acute: Bacterial, Trauma, Crystal, Reactive Chronic :Tuberculosis, Lyme, Fungal, Trauma,
Tumors
Polyarthritis Autoimmune :Rheumatoid, Ankylosing spondylitis,
Reiter syndrome Degenerative : Osteroarthritis CrystalDeposition :
Gout Monosodium urateCPPD Pseudo Gout
Infective Septic, TBC
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
23/92
Radiology Findings
Narrowing of the
joint space
Sclerosis Osteophyte
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
24/92
Radiology Findings
- joint space
obliterated
- sclerosis
- osteophyte
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
25/92
Radiology Findings4 Cardinal signs :
Narrowing of medial
compartement
Sclerosis of
subchondral bone
Osteophyte
Subchondral cyst
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
26/92
Imaging
X-rays 4 cardinal signs
Radionuclide scanning
99mTc-HDP
activity in subchondralregions
vasc & new bone formation
Arthroscopy show cartilage damage
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
27/92
Management
3 observation :
symptoms characteristically wax & wane
(pain) subside spontaneously for long periods
some less painful w/ passage of time & no
more than pain killer
extreme, recognize by x-ray rapidly
progressive type of OA reconstructivesurgery
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
28/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
29/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
30/92
Early Treatment
Principles :
1. Prevent and correction deformity
2. Maintain movement & muscle strength3. Protect the joint from overload
4. Relieve pain
5. Modified daily activity
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
31/92
Early Treatment
Education Weight Reduction
wearing shockabsorbing shoes
avoiding activitieslike climbing stairs
Sport activity
Diet Daily ActivityBiomechanics
Pain Relief
vascular
decompression of
subchondral bone redistribution of
loading forces
Physical therapy
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
32/92
Early Treatment
Pharmaceuticals
Acetaminophen
NSAIDs
COX-2 inhibitors
Supplements
Glucosamine
Chondroitin sulfate
Beta carotene
Vitamins : C, D, E
Hyaluronic Sodium
HRT
Estrogen
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
33/92
Physical Therapy Problemsof the Knee
Weight bearing joints
More symptomatically
prevalent in knee
Stiffness, swelling,pain
Problems with:
Walking Climbing stairs
In and out of bathtubs
and chairs
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
34/92
Physical Therapy Problems ofthe Hip
Pain, stiffness, andsevere disability
May feel symptoms inhip, groin, inner thigh,buttocks.
Limits moving andbending.
Problems with: Dressing
Foot care
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
35/92
Physical Therapy Interventions
Patient education on joint care Increase strength
Increase aerobic capacity
Warm water swimming
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
36/92
Physical Therapy Interventions
Application of heat or
cold packs
Exercise and
stretching Walking aids
Support pillows
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
37/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
38/92
Total Joint Replacement
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
39/92
COMPLICATIONS
Deformities
Subluxation
CapsularHerniation
Loose bodies
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
40/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
41/92
Keropos Tulang
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
42/92
Apa itu Osteoporosis?
Penipisan masa tulang
sehingga tulang menjadi
rapuh (fragil) dan mudah
patah
Suatu keadaan yang
paling sering ditemukan
pada usia tua
Keadaan yang dapat
dicegah
http://www.exn.ca/news/images/1999/12/02/19991202-osteobig.jpg7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
43/92
Tulang Normal Osteoporosis
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
44/92
Pendahuluan
Apakah sama dengan usia lanjut ?
Dapat terjadi pada usia berapa saja :1. Bayi
2. Anak-anak
3. Dewasa
4. Orang tua
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
45/92
Pendahuluan
Orang tua :
wanita >>> laki-laki
Kenapaperbedaan hormone
stok tulang yang ada
aktifitaskegiatan sehari-hari
( activity of daily living)
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
46/92
Wanita
Hormon: dihasilkan olehbeberapa kelenjar dalamtubuh dengan fungsi yang
kompleks dan rumit Estrogen paling berperan :
1. Jantung dan pembuluhdarah
2. Fungsi organ wanita
3.
4. Tulang
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
47/92
Estrogen
Menghambat fungsi sel penghancur tulang
( osteoclast) --utama
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
48/92
Tulang
Selalu berubah :
Dari dalam kandungan bayi anak
anak dewasa muda tua
Perubahan yang bersifat keseimbangan
baik yang positif maupun yang negatif
Jenis tulang
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
49/92
Jenis tulang
Tulang kortikal
TulangTrabekular
B R d li C l
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
50/92
Bone Remodeling Cycle
Bone lining cells
Bone
Osteoclasts
Resorption by
osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Regulasi
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
51/92
RegulasiTulang
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
52/92
Progresifitas kehilangan masa tulang
NormalOsteo-penia
Osteo-porosis
SevereOsteo-porosis
TulangKortikal
Tulangtrabekula
Sincere thanks to Dr. Susan Ott forpermission to use the above images
Standar Osteoporosis
http://faculty.washington.edu/smotthttp://faculty.washington.edu/smotthttp://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
53/92
Standar OsteoporosisWorld Health Organization (WHO)
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
54/92
Tulang
Keseimbangan yang positif :tulang yang dibentuk >> yang
dihancurkan tulang
tumbuh
Keseimbangan yang negatif :tulang yang dibentuk
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
55/92
Tulang
Proses terbentuknya dan penghancuran
tulang itu adalah alami
Dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yang
diantaranya dapat dikontrol
F kt ik b b O t i
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
56/92
Faktor resiko penyebab Osteoporosis
Faktor yang tidak dapat dikontrol: Umur
Jenis kelamin
Status hormonal
Ras
Riwayat keluarga Postmenopause
F kt d t dik t l
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
57/92
Faktor yang dapat dikontrol:
Alkoholisme Minum kopi yang berlebihan
Asupan kalsium & Vit D yang rendah
Immobilisasi yang lama Kurang gerak
Merokok
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
58/92
Perjalanan Osteoporosis
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
59/92
Masa tulang yang rendah + Kerusakaan
struktur mikrotulang
Tulang makin rapuh
Peningkatan resiko
patah tulang
Penurunan kualitas
tulang
Penurunan kekuatantulang
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
60/92
Tulang
Faktor yang mempengaruhi :
1. Internal
2. Eksternal
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
61/92
Tulang
Faktor internal :
1. Turunan ( gen)
2. Penyakit bawaan ( gen)
3. Ras ( bangsa)
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
62/92
Tulang
Faktor eksternal :
1. Persediaan tulang masa muda
2. Aktifitas sehari-hari
3. Obat-obatan
4. Penyakit infeksi
5. Penyakit kronis / metabolisme6. Merokok / kopi / alkohol
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
63/92
Keropos Tulang
Penghancuran/ pembentukan tulang :
alami
Tidak perlu ditakuti.
Yang penting mencegah komplikasi yaitu
patah tulang
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
64/92
Keropos Tulang
Faktor yang dapat dikontrol atau masih
dapat dikontrol
Pencegahan trauma atau benturan keras
Obat-obatan ??
Latihan yang sesuai
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
65/92
Keropos Tulang
Penentuannya : diagnose
penting untuk menentukan obat-obatan,
latihan yang diperlukan dsb
Jenis Osteoporosis ( Primer)
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
66/92
Jenis Osteoporosis ( Primer)
Tipe I (Postmenopause osteoporosis)
Karena kekurangan
estrogen
Lebih sering mengenai
tulang spongiosa
Umur 50- 70 thn
Terutama pada wanita
Patah tulang sering terjadi pada pergelangantangan dan tulang bealakang
Type II (Osteoporosis
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
67/92
Type II (Osteoporosissenilis)
Biasanya setelah umur 70tahun
Wanita : Pria2 : 1
Tipe III (Sekunder)Disebabkan penyakit
tertentuWanita : Pria 1:1
Gejala Klinis
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
68/92
Gejala Klinis
Terselubung ("silent disease" )
Nyeri punggung
Tinggi berkurang
Tambah bongkok
Patah tulang akibat trauma ringan
Akibat Osteoporosis
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
69/92
Akibat Osteoporosis
Akib t O t i
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
70/92
Akibat Osteoporosis
Kenapa terjadi patah tulang?
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
71/92
Kenapa terjadi patah tulang?
Akibat Osteoporosis
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
72/92
Akibat Osteoporosis
Akibat Osteoporosis
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
73/92
Akibat Osteoporosis
Tempat yang sering terjadi patah tulang
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
74/92
p y g g j p g
Deteksi Osteoporosis
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
75/92
Deteksi Osteoporosis
DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry)
Dasar Dasar Pencegahan
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
76/92
Osteoporosis
C
http://www.rockfordortho.com/osteoporosis/ostintro.htm7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
77/92
Calcium
Sebagai pengobatandan pencegahanosteoporosis
Vitamin D
http://www.rockfordortho.com/osteoporosis/ostintro.htmhttp://www.rockfordortho.com/osteoporosis/ostintro.htmhttp://www.rockfordortho.com/osteoporosis/ostintro.htm7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
78/92
Vitamin D
Vitamin D meningkatkan penyerapan kalsium
Preparat Gabungan
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
79/92
Preparat Gabungan
Exercise (Olah raga)
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
80/92
e c se (O a aga)
Efek olah raga/ calcium
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
81/92
Efek olah raga/ calcium
F ll P i (Hi d i j h)
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
82/92
Fall Prevention (Hindari jatuh)
Resiko jatuh:
Pengunaan obat
penenang
Gangguanpanglihatan
Gangguan tungkai
dan kaki
Kelainan berjalan
P i di h
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
83/92
Persiapan di rumah
Kamar mandi bersihdan jangan licin
Penerangan yang
cukup Pegangan ditangga
atau didinding
Menjaga berat badan ideal
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
84/92
Menjaga berat badan ideal
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
85/92
Hindari
merokok
Senam Osteoporosis
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
86/92
Senam Osteoporosis
Pengobatan
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
87/92
g
Obat-obatan
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
88/92
Estrogens (Premarin, Ogen, Estrace, Estraderm,
Estratab, dll)
SERMs/selective estrogen receptor modulators(Raloxifene/Evista)
Bisphosphonates (Alendronate/Fosamax andRisedronate/Actonel)
Calcitonin/Miacalcin
Konsultasi dengan dokter !!
Pembedahan
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
89/92
Pembedahan
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
90/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
91/92
7/30/2019 Osteoarthritis Bt
92/92
Terima Kasih