PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE AND TREATMENTS Diagnosing Endocrine
Problems
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Addisons Disease Cause Cortex portion of adrenal gland
underactive Symptoms Low blood sugar, low blood Na +, loss of
water, tiredness, and yellowing of the skin Use of cortisone
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Myxedema Cause Occurs in Adults Thyroid gland is underactive
Decreases the production of thyroxin Symptoms Lowered metabolism,
changes in skin texture, puffiness of the face, a decrease in
mental abilities Treatment Use of thyroid extract
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Myxedema
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Acromegaly Cause The pituitary gland over secretes human growth
hormone in adults Symptoms Bones thicken, especially in the hands,
the feet, and the face Treatment No available treatment
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Cretinism Cause Little to no thyroxin is produced from birth
Symptoms In infants, face swells, lips become large, and tongue
becomes thick Physical and mental growth is stunted Treatment Use
of thyroid extract
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Dwarfism Cause Pituitary gland under secretes human growth
hormone Symptoms Stunted growth Relative size of body parts is
normal Treatments Use of growth hormone before skeletal growth is
completed
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Hypoglycemia Causes Pancreas produces too much insulin Symptoms
Low blood sugar levels, dizziness, intense hunger, and weakness
Treatment Control of blood sugar by diet
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Hyperthyroidism Causes Thyroid is overactive, producing too
much thyroxin Symptoms High metabolic rate, excitability, rapid
speech, anxiety, increased appetite, and weight loss Treatment
Medication to stop production of thyroxin; surgery if thyroid is
enlarged
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Hypothyroidism Cause Thyroid is underactive, producing too
little thyroxin Symptoms Low metabolic rate, dry skin, reduced
alertness, and weight gain Treatment Use of thyroid extract
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Diabetes Mellitus Causes Little or no insulin is produced by
the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas Symptoms Uncontrolled
blood sugar levels, excessive urination, weakness, excessive
appetite, and weight loss Treatment Careful planning of diet
Exercise Regular injections of insulin
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Diabetes insipidus Cause Posterior lobe of pituitary gland is
underactive, producing too little vasopressin Very uncommon Due to
head injury or tumor Symptoms Excessive thirst and increased
urination Kidneys unable to conserve water Treatments Careful
planning of diet
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Complete the case studies on the back!
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Bellwork Matching: They may have more than one answer. 1. TSH
2. FSH 3. ADH 4. OT 5. GH 6. LH a. Luteinizing hormone b. Labor
contractions, milk ejection c. Stimulates body cell division d.
Thyroid stimulating hormone e. Oxytocin f. Antidiuretic Hormone g.
Ovulation, formation of corpus luteum h. Follicle stimulating
hormone i. Reabsorption of water, elevation of blood pressure and
volume j. Estrogen secretion, sperm maturation k. Secretion of
thyroid hormones l. Promotes long bone growth
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Outline for Endocrine Test Performance enhancing drugs EPO,
testosterone, blood doping, GH, steroids, Effects as a performance
enhancing drug Possible side effects of drugs Label organs/glands
of endocrine system Hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary gland,
parathyroid, thyroid, thymus, pancreas, adrenal, ovaries, testes
Hormones: actions/functions and site of production Aldoesterone,
cortisol, epinephrine, GnRH, estrogen, insulin, glucagon, PTH,
melatonin, ADH, oxytocin, FSH, LH, testosterone, thymosin,
cacitonin, HCG
