proceso de congelacion de Kiwi

8/20/2019 proceso de congelacion de Kiwi

1/36

REFRIGERACIÓN Y CONGELACIÓN DEL KIWI1

ÍNDICEI.INTRODUCCIÓN..................................................................................3

II.OBJETIVOS.........................................................................................4

III. MARCO TEÓRICO..............................................................................5

3.1 ASPECTOS GENERALES................................................................5

3.1.1 ORIGEN..................................................................................5

3.1.2 VARIEDADES..........................................................................5

3.2 CLASIFICACIÓN Y DESCRIPCIÓN BOTÁNICA.................................

3.2.1 C!"#$%&"&$'( )"*+(',$&" -! /$0$..........................................

3.2.2 M++!+"..............................................................................

3.2.3 A+) (6)$)$7+ - /$0$ &"-" 188 ",+# - +&$'(&+,#)$9!......................................................................................:

3.3 L" $,+)"(&$" -! /$0$................................................................:

3.4 RE;UERIMIENTO CLIMATICOS Y EDÁFICOS..................................:

3.4.1 E*$(&$"# ( &!$,"...............................................................:

3.4.2 E*$(&$"# ( #6!+...............................................................<

3.5 MANEJO T=CNICO DEL CULTIVO...................................................<3.5.1 P+""&$'(...........................................................................<

3.5.2 T>&($&"# - !"()"&$'(.......................................................<

3. SIEMBRA......................................................................................?

3..1 P""&$'( -! )(+.........................................................?

3..2 =+&" - !"()"&$'(..............................................................?

3..3 A9+("-+................................................................................?

3.: LABORES CULTURALES..............................................................183.:.1 R$+...................................................................................18

3.:.2 R"!+...................................................................................12

3.:.3 P+-".....................................................................................12

3.< COSEC@A...................................................................................12

3.


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3.? POSCOSEC@A.............................................................................14

3.?.1 C6"-+.................................................................................14

3.?.2 P ($",$()+.................................................................14

3.?.3 C$!!"-+..............................................................................14

3.?.4 C"!$9"&$'(...........................................................................15

3.?.5 E,9"!"-+.............................................................................15

3.18 CONSERVACIÓN DEL FRUTO....................................................15

3.18.1 C+(#7"&$'( ( !"()".....................................................15

3.18.2 C+(#7"&$'( ( ",9$() #$( $"...........................1

3.18.3 A!,"&(",$()+ ( &,""# $+%&"# &+(7(&$+("!#.1

3.18.4 A!,"&(",$()+ ( &,"" $+%&" - "),'#"&+()+!"-" A.C............................................................................1

3.11 MADURE DE CONSUMO.........................................................1

3.12 DAHOS Y DEFECTOS CARACTERSTICOS DEL KIWI ;UEAFECTAN LA CALIDAD......................................................................1:

3.13 DESORDENES FISIOLÓGICO EN [email protected]:

3.13 D"+# + &+(!",$()+.....................................................1:

3.14 PLAGAS Y ENFERMEDADES......................................................1<

3.14.1 @+(+#..............................................................................1<3.14.2 N,")+-+#........................................................................1?

3.14.3 I(#&)+#............................................................................1?

3.15 K$0$ IV G","...........................................................................1?

3.15.1 A!$,()+# IV ","............................................................1?

3.15.2 D$""," - 6+..............................................................28

3.15.3 D#&$&$'( -! +&#+.....................................................21

IV. TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN........................................................244.1 M")$"!# - )"9"+.................................................................24

4.2 P+&-$,$()+............................................................................24

V. DISCUSIONES..................................................................................38

IV. CONCLUSIONES..............................................................................38

VII. BIBLIOGRAFA...............................................................................31


3/36


I.INTRODUCCIÓN

D#- "& ,6&+ )$,+ &+( ! %( - -" #+!6&$'( " +9!,"# -#)"&$+("!$-"- - +-6&&$'( !" &+(#7"&$'( - "!$,()+# &+( ! 6#+- (67"# )&(+!+"# # " &+(7)$-+ ( 6(" &)$&" ,#&6(). C+( ! "7"(& )&(+!'$&+ ( !" &+(#7"&$'( -"!$,()+# # " #+!6&$+("-+ ( "( ") ! +9!," - !"#)"&$+("!$-"-. E#) "7"(& # " $-+ "-")"(-+ " !" -,"(-" - !+#&+(#6,$-+# 6 &"-" 7 #+( ,# *$()# ( "#&)+# -&"!$-"- #(#+$"! (6)$&$+("! #"($)"$".

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4/36


II.OBJETIVOS

E7"!6" &+,+ "&)" !" ),")6" - $"&$'( &+(!"&$'( ( !" >-$-" - #+ &",9$+ - &+!+ -! /$0$-6"() ! )"(#&6#+ -! )$,+.

D),$(" !"# -$(&$"# 6 #()"( ! /$0$ ,"-6+ $(,"-6+ -6"() !" $"&$'( &+(!"&$'(.


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III. MARCO TEÓRICO

3.1 ASPECTOS GENERALES

3.1.1 ORIGEN

E! /$0$Q + "&)$($-$" # 6(" !"()" +$$("$" - C$(" -+(- &&#+()(",(). E( #) "# # &+(+& &+( ! (+,9 - Y"(

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*"(-$(-+ + E6+" ( 1?:1 # $()+-6+ ( I)"!$" +&+-#6># ( E#"". P+ !+ )"()+ ! &6!)$7+ - /$0$ ( E6+" # ,6&$().

3.1.2 VARIEDADESL"# 7"$-"-# ,# &6!)$7"-"# #+( !"# #$6$()#

Fuente: M&"-+ ,"(+ P+#&+#&" -! /$0$ 2813


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REFRIGERACIÓN Y CONGELACIÓN DEL KIWI

3.2 CLASIFICACIÓN Y DESCRIPCIÓN BOTÁNICA

3.2.1 Clas!"a"#$ %a&'$#("a )*l +,

3.2.2 M'-'l'/0a 'as A!)("# #$,!# !""# -+(-"# &"-6&"#. L" ")

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A"%$)a )*l"'saA"%$)a"*a*

T:*al*s+,

A"%$)a ":$*$ss


7/36

REFRIGERACIÓN Y CONGELACIÓN DEL KIWI:

")# #+( &+,#)$9!# 6(" 7 6 ! 6)+ " "!&"("-+ #6,"-6.

3.2.3 A7'-%* $4%-%5' )* +, "a)a 1


8/36

REFRIGERACIÓN Y CONGELACIÓN DEL KIWI<

3.> RE?UERIMIENTO CLIMATICOS Y EDÁFICOS

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3.@ MANEJO TCNICO DEL CULTIVO

[email protected] P-'7a/a"#$

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• S,$!!" $()+.


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REFRIGERACIÓN Y CONGELACIÓN DEL KIWI?

• I( 7$)+.

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E! #)"9!&$,$()+ - 6(" !"()"&$'(- /$0$ -9 &+()" &+( 6( #)6-$+7$+ 6 !"# &+(-$&$+(# -&!$," #6!+ -! "" -+(- #)(-" $(#)"!" ! &6!)$7+.

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3. SIEMBRA3..1 P-*7a-a"#$ )*l %*--*$'

E! #6!+ -9 +& 96(" ,"9$!$-"- "#)" 6(" +6(-$-"-,($," - 6( ,)+ ( &"#+ &+()"$+ # $,+(-" !" "!$"&$'( -&"9"!!+(# ( !"# !("# !" &+(#)6&&$'( -! -(" &+#+(-$().E( &+(-$&$+(# "7+"9!# ! #$#)," "-$&6!" &+(#$6 #6 ,"+-(#$-"- () !+# 58 ?8 &, #$(-+ + )"()+ "&+(#"9! ""! #6!+ &+( !"# !"9+# #$6$()#

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$()+ 6 7("( -! 7$7+ &+( &!!'( "#)" 6 "" "#"-+ !$#+ - !"-"# "6(6 # "" +-6&$-+ !" 9+)"&$'(.

3..3 A8'$a)'

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11/36


3. LABORES CULTURALES

3..1 R*/'

U(" !67$+,)" ,-$" - 188 ,$!,)+# + ,# -6"() !+-+ $(-$&"-+ "#6" 6(" +-6&&$'( ')$," &&$,$()+#7)")$7+# #")$#"&)+$+#. L"# -%&$(&$"# - "6" "( - &69$#,-$"() ! $+ -9$(-+ &+()" &+( -$#+($9$!$-"-# ,-$"##6$+# " !+# 1.888 ,)+# &9$&+# - "6" + &)" ,#

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D"-" !" $,+)"(&$" -! "6" "" #)" #&$ &+(7$( "!$" 6(96( ,"(+ -! $+ "" !+ &6"! # (&#"$+ )( ( &6()" 6!" ,"+ ") -! #$#)," "-$&6!" # 7" *)(-$(-++#$7",() "#)" #$)6"# ( !"()"&$+(# "-6!)"# ( 6(""(" - 25 , " ")$ -! )+(&+ ( !" -$&&$'( - !" %!" ( +)"

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E( &+(#&6(&$" -9 )(# ( &6()" 6 )"()+ !" +(" -$+ &+,+ !" - )$$"&$'( #

82 , "!--+ -! )+(&+ ! $, "+ - !"()"&$'( !"-%($-" + !" !+($)6- - !"# ","# $(&$"!#

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E! #$#)," - $+ + ,$&+ "##$'( # ! ,# $-'(+ "" !+"6( ,+ "+7&",$()+ -$#)$96&$'( -! "6". S6 $(#)"!"&$'("") -! &"9"! - $+ &+#+(-$() &+(#)" - 6(" )69" -+!$)$!(+ + %!" - !"()"# -+(- # $(#)"( -+# "##+# +!"()" - ,+-+ 6 $6( !" "(" $(-$&"-" "()$+,() #$(-+(&#"$+ -+)" "! #$#)," - $+ - 96(+# %!)+# "" 6 (+ #+9)6( !+# ,$&+ "##+#.

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13/36


&)" ( 9+)+(# -#- 6 #)+#6-( # ,"($6!"-+# "#)" !" "()>#$#.

L+# $(&$"!# +9)$7+# # "6,()" !&"!$9 %("! - !" 6)" 9"#"-+ (

o L" !$,$("&$'( - 6)+# -+,# !")"!#.

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3..3 P')aD9 - "!$"# 6(" +-" +,")$7" (

$(7$(+ "" 6$" !" +," - !" !"()"&+,+ -#"+!!+ - 6( )+(&+ -+# 9"+#!")"!# 6 &69"( + &+,!)+ !"-$#)"(&$" - !+# "!",9#. L" +-" -6&)$%&"&$'( # "!$" -+# 7&# "! "+6(" ( $(7$(+ +)" ( 7"(+. L" -$(7$(+ # -" + &"-" ,)+ - "!",93 ","# !")"!# 9$( -#"+!!"-"# - 28" 23 ,"#.

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3. COSECA

3..1 M'(*$%' '7'-%4$' )* la "'s*":aL" >+&" - &+!&&$'( - !+# 6)+# )$( 6(" $(6(&$" -&$#$7"#+9 #6 6)6" &+(#7"&$'( + &+(#$6$() - !"# &""&)$#)$&"#+"(+!)$&"# -! 6)+.

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14/36


L" -),$("&$+( -! ,+,()+ ++)6($ - !" &+#&" # 0"!$"&6"(-+ !"# 6)"# "!&"("( -),$("-+# "",)+# - )$+ %#$&+#$+( 6,$&+ - "&"# 6 "#6( 6(" !"" "-&6"-" &+(#7"&$'( " #6 7 6( (+,"! -#"+!!+ - !+#

+&#+# (")6"!# 6 &+(-6&( " !" ,"-6 -! &+(#6,+.3..2 Í$)"* )* C's*":a SÓLIDOS SOLUBLES &$)$+ - ,"-6 %#$+!'$&" "" $($&$+ -&+#&" V"!+# 6)$!$"-+#

C$! 55 .2 B$*

C"!$+($" .5 B$*

A()$(" :5 B$*

U66" : B$*

El cosechar fruta por debajo de los valores mínimos determina que la

fruta no alcance la óptima calidad de consumo de 13,5º Brix que no

se lo!re una conservación prolon!ada"

FIRMEA DE PULPA

1314 !9 %," - 6!" ,($," ()',)+


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"&$!$)"( !"# +#)$+# +"&$+(# - +-". L+# 6)+# -""-+##$"( ,# $()(#",() +-6&$+(-+ ,"# )$!(+ "&+)"(-+ (&+(#&6(&$" !" 7$-" +#) &+#&" "7+&$(-+ ! -#"+!!+ -+(+# ( ! "!,"&(".

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3. POSCOSECA

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16/36


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18/36

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19/36

REFRIGERACIÓN Y CONGELACIÓN DEL KIWI1?

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#uemado de sol$odredumbre por hon!os !ris


20/36


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21/36


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[email protected] Da/-a(a )* =4'


23/36


[email protected] D*s"-7"#$ )*l 7-'"*s'o Cosecha de la materia prima:

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25/36


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IV. TRABAJO DEINVESTIGACIÓN

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28/36

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34/36


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VII. BIBLIOGRAFÍA

CRISTINA BELLOC; E!$#"9) ^ _C6!)$7+ -! /$0$ _ T#$# -M"#)" ( T&(+!+" - "!$,()+# U($7#$-"- T&(+!'$&"N"&$+("! UTN F"&6!)"- R$+("! B6(+# A$# 2812 18.

DELLA GASPERA P-+ XM"(6"! -! &6!)$7+ -! /$0$ 2813344. O9)($-+ ! 15 - 6($+ -! 2815 ( ))$()".+9."-+&6,()+#,"(6"!-!&6!)$7+-!/$0$

TERREN POVES L6&$+ XE! /$0$ + A&)$($-" 2818. O9)($-+ !28 - 6($+ -! 2815 ())000.,"",".+9.#,$($#)$+"#9$9!$+)&"+"#-

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CONTRETA M P")$&$" XM"(+ - )$!(+ ( &,""# -"!,"&(" - /$0$ 288:. O9)($-+ ! 25 - 6($+ -! 2815( ))#6)"!#.%!#.0+-##.&+,281181/8


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MANUEL ALEJANDRO DONAYRE SALINAS

Callao, jl!o "# 2015

PERÚ

DETERMINACION DE

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