R&D FOR RUBBER INDUSTRY R&D FOR RUBBER INDUSTRY IN VIETNAMIN VIETNAM

PHAN THÀNH DŨNGPHAN THÀNH DŨNG

Rubber Research Institute of VietnamRubber Research Institute of Vietnam

Panel 3 : Current challenges in research for smallholder rubber plantations

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Rubber tree (Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensisHevea brasiliensis Mull.-Arg) was Mull.-Arg) was introduced into Vietnam by Dr. Yersin, French introduced into Vietnam by Dr. Yersin, French scientific, and has been commercially since 1906 scientific, and has been commercially since 1906 in Southeast Region. in Southeast Region.

By 1976, rubber area was 76.600 ha only By 1976, rubber area was 76.600 ha only produced 40.200 ton (0,52 ton/ha). Inproduced 40.200 ton (0,52 ton/ha). In 2007, total rubber area accounted upto 549.600 ha and gave the production 601.700 tons (1,612 ton/ha)

Introduction of rubber tree into VietnamIntroduction of rubber tree into Vietnam

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1. 1876 - Wickham collected 70 000 rubber seeds

2. 2000 rubber seeds germinated Kew Gardens (England)

3. Rubber seeds arrived to Ceylon

4. 22 seedlings transferred toSingapore

5. 1897, Rubber tree introduced into Vietnam.

Rubber cultivation area in Vietnam

RUBBER AREA UNDER CULTIVATION

1897 Introduction of rubber tree

1906 First rubber estate established

1920 7.077 ha

1945 138.400 ha

1975 75.200 ha

2006 490.200 ha

2007 549.600 ha

AVERAGE YIELD

1980 703 kg/ha

1985 753 kg/ha

1990 714 kg/ha

1995 849 kg/ha

2000 1.222 kg/ha

2007 1,612 kg/ha

2005 1.440 kg/ha

Apllied technique for rubber Apllied technique for rubber cultivationcultivation

• Technique is introduced from various rubber Technique is introduced from various rubber planting countries (via. conference, workshop, planting countries (via. conference, workshop, short training…) then modificed and domestically short training…) then modificed and domestically applied.applied.

• Result of R&D conducted by RRIV and VRG.Result of R&D conducted by RRIV and VRG.

Technical guideline for rubber planting Technical guideline for rubber planting sectors sectors

Rubber cloneRubber clone

• Rubber clone plays an inportant role for Rubber clone plays an inportant role for development of local rubber industry.development of local rubber industry.

• Rubber clones have been introduced from other Rubber clones have been introduced from other countries (Malaysia, Indonesia…) and localy countries (Malaysia, Indonesia…) and localy beeded by RRIV (RRIV va LH).beeded by RRIV (RRIV va LH).

• Clonal rubber planting recommendetion is issued Clonal rubber planting recommendetion is issued by VRG based on clonal trial network of RRIV.by VRG based on clonal trial network of RRIV.

Clonal Planting Recommendation (2006-2010)Southeast Highland

(< 600m)

Highland

(> 600m)

South Central Coastal

North Central Coastal

Class 1 # 55% planting area (20% each clone)RRIV 3 PB 260 PB 260 PB 260 RRIM 712

PB 255 RRIM 600 RRIC 121 RRIM 600 RRIM 600

PB 260 RRIV 3 GT 1 RRIV 3 GT 1

RRIV 1

Class 2 # 40% planting area (10% each clone)LH 83/85 RRIC 121 RRIM 600 RRIC 100 RRIC 100

LH 85/87 PB 312 PB 312 RRIC 121 RRIC 121

LH 88/85 RRIV 1 RRIC 100 RRIM 712 RRIM 712

LH 88/326 RRIV 2 LH 83/82 PB 255 PB 260

IRCA 130… RRIV 4… LH 83/732… PB 312… PB 312…

Rubber clonal trialRubber clonal trial

Rubber clones breeded by RRIVRubber clones breeded by RRIV

LH 88/23614 year old

Advanced Planting MaterialAdvanced Planting Material

• Polybag with 1-3 whorls is widely planted in large scale that could reduce immature period 1-2 year and increase tappable tree…

• Advanced planting material is suitable for Advanced planting material is suitable for untraditional area such as Highlands, Central untraditional area such as Highlands, Central Coastal, North.Coastal, North.

Advanced planting materialsAdvanced planting materials

Rubber nurseryRubber nursery

RRIV 4, 3 year oldRRIV 4, 3 year old

RRIV 4 PB 255

Soil and Nutrient Management

• Soil survey and classification.Soil survey and classification.

• Soil and leaf analysis for recommending Soil and leaf analysis for recommending fertilizer dosage.fertilizer dosage.

New rubber planting in hilly area

Exploitation

• Low intensity tapping system:Low intensity tapping system: d3 tapping interval d3 tapping interval and latex stimulant are widely applied.and latex stimulant are widely applied.

• Raingard:Raingard: increment of tapping day and reduce increment of tapping day and reduce panel diseases,…panel diseases,…

• Gas stimulationGas stimulation: yield increment 20-50%, : yield increment 20-50%, especially at early tapping season. especially at early tapping season.

Raingard and stimulant applicationRaingard and stimulant application

Gas stimulant system (RRIMFLOW)Gas stimulant system (RRIMFLOW)

Crop protection

• Weed management by herbicide and others.Weed management by herbicide and others.

• Seven major diseases recorded: Corynespora leaf Seven major diseases recorded: Corynespora leaf fall, Oidium leaf fall, Collectotrichum leaf fall, fall, Oidium leaf fall, Collectotrichum leaf fall, Black stripe, Brown root…Black stripe, Brown root…

• Protocol for disease control recommended by Protocol for disease control recommended by RRIV and VRG.RRIV and VRG.

Oidium leaf fallOidium leaf fall

Oidium leaf fallOidium leaf fall

Collectotrichum leaf fallCollectotrichum leaf fall

Phytopthora leaf fallPhytopthora leaf fall

Green shootGreen shoot DefoliationDefoliation

Corynespora leaf fallCorynespora leaf fall

Pink diseasePink disease

Dieback Dieback caused by Botrydiplodia sppcaused by Botrydiplodia spp

Bark disease caused by Botrydiplodia sppBark disease caused by Botrydiplodia spp

Tapping panel destroyed by black stripeTapping panel destroyed by black stripe

RSS is most suitable for rubber small holding (Low cost of installation, maintaining, effluent treatment…).Pilots set up by RRIV for various rubber small holder.Pilot run by rubber small holding group (coperrative).

Rubber processing line

RRIV contribution

• Conduct R&D on agronomy and processing.Conduct R&D on agronomy and processing.

• Carry out training for various local rubber Carry out training for various local rubber sectors.sectors.

• Carry out collaboration researches with the Carry out collaboration researches with the organizations such as: IRRDB, Rubber organizations such as: IRRDB, Rubber Research Institutes, WB&AFD project…Research Institutes, WB&AFD project…

Experience for development of rubber small sector

• Rubber clone (supply and inspection by Rubber clone (supply and inspection by Government Bodies).Government Bodies).

• Soil survey and classification (Institute or Soil survey and classification (Institute or Province).Province).

• Planting material (Certificated Bodies).Planting material (Certificated Bodies).• Fertilizer and pesticide supplied (good quality Fertilizer and pesticide supplied (good quality

and quantity)and quantity)• Appropriated tapping system (Demonstration).Appropriated tapping system (Demonstration).• Suitable processing line and marketing Suitable processing line and marketing

information (Pilot and Rubber market).information (Pilot and Rubber market).

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention