3

sasamarTlo reformis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi(2005-2009 wlebi)

1997-98 wlebSi `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ da `uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~ organuli kanonebis mi-RebiT, saqarTvelos istoriaSi pirvelad daiwyo sasa-marTlo sistemis reforma. samwuxarod, ukve erTi wlis Semdeg arsebulma politikurma da ekonomikurma vi-Tarebam cxadyo, rom sasamarTlo reforma saqarTve-loSi ver Sedgeboda. im dros qveyanaSi ar arsebobda yvelaze mTavari, rac reformebis gatarebisaTvis auci-lebelia _ xelisuflebis neba. amis gamo, ar ganxor-cielda im sistemaTa reformireba, romelTac pirda-piri Tu iribi Sexeba hqondaT sasamarTlosTan, anu prokuraturisa da policiis, agreTve advokatTa kor-pusisa, ramac, saboloo jamSi, sasamarTlo reformis ara Tu Seferxeba, aramed misi Cavardna gamoiwvia. ufro metic, sasamarTlo sistemis reformireba daiwyo Sesa-bamisi finansuri da materialuri resursebis mobili-zaciis gareSe. aRniSnulis Sedegad, sistemaSi dagrov-da uamravi problema, romelTa Soris gansakuTrebiT mwvave iyo bevri arakeTilsindisieri da arakvalifi-ciuri mosamarTlis saqmianoba, rac ganapirobebda sasa-marTlo sistemaSi masStabur korufcias da, Sesabami-sad, damoukideblobis umdables xarisxs. aRniSnulis gamo, 2005 wlis dasawyisSi SemuSavda Sesa-bamisi koncefcia da faqtobrivad xelaxla daiwyo mas-Staburi sasamarTlo reforma. igi moicavs sasamarTlo sistemis mowyobasa da gamarTul funqcionirebasTan dakavSirebul yvela sakiTxs. reformis yvela metad Tu naklebad mniSvnelovani nabiji arsebiTad aris dakav-Sirebuli erTmaneTTan da maTi kompleqsuri, etapobri-vi ganxorcieleba aucilebelia dasaxuli miznis _ dam-oukidebeli sasamarTlo sistemis - misaRwevad.

aRsaniSnavia, rom sasamarTlo reforma mimdinareobs saqarTvelos partniori qveynebisa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis aqtiuri mxardaWeriT, romlebic monawileoben reformis sxvadasxva mimarTulebis ganxorcielebaSi. esenia: norvegiis kanonis uzenaesobis

programa (NORLAG), amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento , amerikis (USAID)iuristTa asociacia (ABA), gaerTianebuli erebis

organizaciis ganviTarebis programa germaniis (UNDP), teqnikuri TanamSromlobis sazogadoeba evropis (GTZ), TanamSromlobisa da usafrTxoebis organizacia (OSCE),evropis sabWo da sxvebi.

MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE JUDICIARY REFORM(2005-2009)

After adopting the organic laws on 'Common Courts' and 'Supreme Court' in 1997-98, implementation of the judiciary reform was initiated for the first time in the history of Georgia. However, after a year, the existing political and economic situation made it clear that it would be impossible to implement the judiciary reform in Georgia. At that time the country lacked the most important thing needed for these reforms: the will of the government. This is why the systems, namely the office of the prosecutor and the police, also the bar of lawyers, which were directly or indirectly linked to the judiciary, failed to be reformed that eventually caused not only impediment, but also failure of the judiciary reform. Moreover, the judiciary reform was initiated without mobilizing relevant financial and material resources. Hence abovementioned, many problems accumulated in the judiciary system and among them the major one was the activities of many dishonest and underqualified judges, that accounted for the large-scaled corruption within the judiciary system and, correspondingly, the lowest degree of independence.

Consequently, the conception of the reform was elaborated in 2005 and in fact the large-scaled judiciary reform started anew. It comprises all the issues related to the arrangement of the judiciary system and to its balanced functioning as well. All the more or less important steps of the reform are substantially linked to each other and it is necessary to implement them comprehensively and gradually to achieve the goal - creation of the independent judiciary system.

It should be pointed out that the Judiciary Reform is being implemented with the active support of partner countries and international organizations, which are involved in implementation of various directions of the reform. These are: The Norwegian Mission of Rule of Law Advisers to Georgia (NORLAG), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), American Bar Association (ABA), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Council of Europe, etc.

1. reformis safuZvlebi da miRwevebi

a) "saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb" organuli kanonis miReba;

b) "saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb" or- ganuli kanonis miReba;

g) mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobaze ganwesebis axali sistema;

d) sistemidan wavidnen sabWoTa xelisuflebis dros daniSnuli mosamarTleebi;

e) Tanamdebobebze dainiSnen gamocdaCabarebuli da konkursgavlili mosamarTleebi;

2. reformis Cavardnis mizezebia) mcire xelfasi (romelic xSirad ar gaicemoda);b) Sesabamisi materialur-teqnikuri bazis ararse-

boba;g) sxva struqturebSi reformis argatareba;d) xelisuflebis nebis ararseboba;e) qveyanaSi arsebuli korufciuli garemos kidev

ufro gauareseba.

1. FUNDAMENTALS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE REFORMS

a) Approval of the organic law on "Common Courts of Georgia";

b) Approval of the organic law on "Supreme Court of Georgia";

c) Creation of a new system of appointment of judges;d) Judges appointed during the Soviet period left the

system;e) Appointments were provided to the judges who passed

the exams and went through the selection process successfully;

2. REASONS OF THE REFORM FAILUREa) Small salaries (that were not distributed often);b) Lack of relevant material and technical resources;c) Failure to perform reforms at other structures;d) Lack of the governmental will;e) Worsening of the corrupted environment in the country.

1997 - 1999 wlebi - sasamarTlo reforma1997 - 1999 - JUDICIARY REFORM

I. instituciuri cvlilebebi

1997-98 wlebSi ganxorcielebuli sasamarTlo reformis Sedegad saqarTveloSi Camoyalibda sa-samarTlo sistema, romelic, instanciurobis principis TvalsazrisiT, ar iyo mkveTrad gamij-nuli erTmaneTisagan. 2005 wels dawyebuli re-formis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mimarTuleba sasa-marTlo sistemis instituciuri reorganizaciaa, ris Sedegadac Seiqmneba mwyobri, funqciurad ga-marTuli sistema da, Sesabamisad, uzrunvelyo-fil iqneba Tanmimdevruli instanciurobis prin-cipi. sistemis SemadgenlobaSi iqneba - pirveli instanciis 21 raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo 46 magistrati mosamarTliT, ori saapelacio sa-samarTlo (Tbilissa da quTaisSi) da saqarTve-los uzenaesi (sakasacio) sasamarTlo.

1. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo, magistrati mosamarTle

reformiT gaTvaliswinebulia pirveli instan-ciis sasamarTloebis modernizeba, rac gamoixa-teba rogorc maT gansjadobas mikuTvnebul saki-TxTa dazustebaSi, ise mosamarTleTa specializaciaSi.

I. INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES

As the result of the judiciary reform that was implement-ed in 1997-98 a judiciary system was established in Georgia where the principle of sequential order of in-stances was not clearly defined. One of the main direc-tions of the reform that started in 2005 is the institutional reorganization of the judiciary system that will result in the creation of a smooth, functionally balanced system and correspondingly, provide the principle of sequential order of instances.The system will consist of - 21 district (city) courts of the first instance with 46 magistrate judges, two courts of appeal (in Tbilisi and Kutaisi) and the Supreme (cassa-tion) Court of Georgia

1. DISTRICT (CITY) COURT, MAGISTRATE JUDGE

It is envisaged to modernize the courts of the first instance that is reflected in reference of identifying the issues that fall under their cognizance and in the specialization of judges as well.

4 5

Court rooms before reconstructionsasamarTlo darbazebi rekonstruqciamde

uzenaesi sasamarTloSupreme Court

saapelacio sasamarTlo

Court of Appeal

raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo

District (City) Court

magistratimosamarTle

Magistrate Judge

6 7

axleburad yalibdeba pirveli instanciis sasa-marTlos struqtura: iqmneba 21 gamsxvilebuli raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo (saerTo jamSi 110 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT), romelSic aseve imuSavebs 46 magistrati mosamarTle. isini ganTavsdebian saqarTvelos yvela regionSi da pirveli instanciis wesiT ganixilaven sisxlis, samoqalaqo da administraciuli kategoriis saqmeebs.

am sistemis mTavari upiratesoba aris is, rom raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebSi moxdeba mo-samarTleTa specializacia, anu sxvadasxva kate-goriis saqmeebs ganixilavs am disciplinaSi spe-cializebuli mosamarTle, rac udavod xels Seu-wyobs saqmeTa ufro swrafad da maRalkvalifi-ciurad ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas. aseve mniSvne-lovania, rom yvela saqmes, ganurCevlad maTi sir-Tulisa Tu subieqtisa, ganixilaven raionuli (sa-qalaqo) sasamarTloebis specializebuli mosa-marTleebi.

dRes am principiT ukve funqcionirebs Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlo, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis samoqalaqo, sisxlis da administraciul saqmeTa kolegiebi, sadac mosamarTle ganixilavs saqmes konkretuli specializaciis Sesabamisad. aseve Seqmnilia goris, xaSuris, axalqalaqis, sa-Cxeris da mcxeTis gaerTianebuli raionuli sasa-marTloebi. mimdinare wlis bolomde ki gaer-Tiandeba rusTavis, siRnaRisa da zestafonis sa-samarTloebi.

marTlmsajulebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi principis - xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad iqmneba magistrati mosamarTlis instituti. igi Sedis raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Semadgenloba-Si da samosamarTlo uflebamosilebas axorcie-lebs im administraciul-teritoriul erTeul-Si, sadac ar moqmedebs gamsxvilebuli raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo. zemoT dasaxelebul re-gionebSi ukve moqmedebs 7 magistrati mosamar-Tle, wlis bolosTvis ki maTi ricxvi 13-mde gaizrdeba.

The structure of the court of the first instance is being established in a new way: there will be 21 enlarged dis-trict (city) courts (staffed by 110 judges in total), where 46 magistrate judges will be working as well. They will be located in all the regions of Georgia that will hear the criminal, civil and administrative cases by the rule of the first instance.

The main advantage of this system is that the judges will be specialized at district (city) courts, that is, the cases of various categories will be heard by the judge specialized in this discipline that will undoubtedly pro-mote hearing and resolving of cases more quickly and on a highly qualified level. It is also significant that all the cases, regardless their complexity or subject, will be heard by the specialized judges of the district (city) courts.

Today this principle is already activated at Tbilisi City Court, where there are panels for hearing civil, criminal and administrative cases and where judges hear cases according to their particular area of specialization. Also the united district courts of Gori, Khashuri, Akhalkalaki, Sachkhere and Mtskheta were established. In addition, Rustavi, Signagi and Zestaponi courts will be united by the end of the current year.

For ensuring accessibility as one of the main principles of justice, the institute of magistrate judges is establish-ed. It constitutes the part of the district (city) court and implements the judicial power in the administrative-terri-torial unit where the enlarged district (city) court is not present. 7 magistrate judges are already implementing their duties in above mentioned regions, and their num-ber will be increased up to 13 till the end of the year.

I instanciis raionuli (saqalaqo) da magistrati sasamarTloebi

DISTRICT (CITY) AND MAGISTRATE COURTS OF THE I INSTANCE

1. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlo

2. quTaisis ss wyaltubos mm baRdaTis mm tyibulis mm

3. zestafonis rs xaragaulis mm Terjolis mm

4. saCxeris rs WiaTuris mm

5. samtrediis rs vanis mm xonis mm

6. rusTavis ss gardabnis mm sagarejos mm

7. bolnisis rs marneulis mm dmanisis mm

8. TeTriwyaros rs walkis mm

9. ambrolauris rs onis mm

10. cageris rs lentexis mm

11. mcxeTis rs axalgoris mm duSeTis mm TianeTis mm

12. Telavis rs axmetis mm gurjaanis mm yvarlis mm

13. siRnaRis rs dedofliswyaros mm lagodexis mm

14. ozurgeTis rs lanCxuTis mm Coxatauris mm

15. goris rs kaspis mm

16. xaSuris rs qarelis mm

17. foTis ss abaSis mm martvilis mm senaki mm xobis mm

18. zugdidis rs mestiis mm Cxorowyus mm walenjixis mm

19.. axalcixis rs adigenis mm aspinZis mm borjomis mm

20 axalqalaqis rs ninowmindis mm

21 baTumis ss qedis mm qobuleTis mm Suaxevis mm xelvaCauris mm xulos mm

soxumis rs tyvarCeli-oCamCiris rs

gagra-gudauTis rs gali-gulrifSis rs

rs - raionuli sasamarTlomm - magistrati mosamarTle

1. TBILISI CITY COURT

2. KUTAISI CC Tskaltubo MJ Bagdati MJ Tkibuli MJ

3. ZESTAPONI DC Kharagauli MJ Terjola MJ

4. SACHKHERE DC Chiatura MJ

5. SAMTREDIA DC Vani MJ Khan MJ

6. RUSTAVI CC Gardabani MJ Sagarejo MJ

7. BOLINAS DC Marneuli MJ Dmanisi MJ

8. TETRITSKARO DC Tsalka MJ

9. AMBROLAURI DC Oni MJ

10. TSAGERI DC Lentekhi MJ

11. MTSKHETA DC Akhalgori MJ Dusheti MJ Tianeti MJ Kazbegi MJ

12. TELAVI DC Akhmeta MJ Gurjaani MJ Kvareli MJ

13. SIGNAGI DC Dedoplistskaro MJ Lagodekhi MJ

14 OZURGETI DC Lanchkhuti MJ CHokhatauri MJ

15 GORI DC Kaspi MJ

16 KHASHURI DC Kareli MJ

17 POTI abaSis MJ martvilis MJ senaki MJ xobis MJ

18 ZUGDIDI DC Mestia MJ Chkhorotsku MJ Tsalenjikha MJ

19. AKHALTSIKHE DC Adigeni MJ Aspindza MJ Borjomi MJ

20 AKHALKALAKI DC Ninotsminda MJ

21 BATUMI CC Keda MJ Kobuleti MJ Shuakhevi MJ Khelvachauri MJ Khulo MJ

Sokhumi DC Tkvarcheli-Ochamchire DC Gagra-Gudauta DC Gali-Gulripshi DC

CC - City CourtDC - District CourtMJ - Magistrate Judge

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2. saapelacio sasamarTlo2005 wlis pirvel naxevarSi ganxorcielebuli sa-kanonmdeblo cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, 1 noem-bridan amoqmedda saapelacio sasamarTlo in-stancia, riTac Zireulad Seicvala arsebuli saolqo sasamarTloebis modeli saerTo sasamar-Tloebis erTian sistemaSi. saapelacio sasamar-TloSi aRar arsebobs saqmeTa pirveli instanciis wesiT ganmxilveli kolegiebi da yvela saqmes sa-samarTlo ganixilavs mxolod apelaciis wesiT.

saqarTveloSi ori saapelacio sasamarTlo moq-medebs: Tbilissa da quTaisSi. dasavleT saqar-TveloSi moqmed pirveli instanciis sasamar-TloTa (maT Soris magistrat mosamarTleTa) ga-dawyvetilebebze saapelacio saCivrebs quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTlo ganixilavs, xolo aRmo-savleT saqarTvelos sasamarTloTa gadawyveti-lebebze saCivrebi Tbilisis saapelacio sasamar-TloSi ganixileba.

2. COURT OF APPEAL

According to the legislative amendments implemented

in the first half of 2005, the instance of the court of

appeal has been put into practice since November 1,

which completely changed the existed model of district

courts in the unified system of common courts. There

are no panels at the courts of appeal for hearing the

cases by the rule of the first instance any more, and the

court hears all the cases only by the rule of appeal.

There are two courts of appeal in Georgia: in Tbilisi and

Kutaisi. The appeals of the courts of the first instance

from the west Georgia are heard by Kutaisi Court of

Appeal, whereas the appeals on the resolutions of the

courts of the east Georgia go directly to Tbilisi Court of

Appeal. quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTlo

Kutaisi Court of Appeal

soxumi

zugdidi

foTi

ozurgeTi

baTumi

axalqalaqi

axalcixe

samtredia

ambrolauri

zestafonigori

xaSuri

mcxeTaTelavi

rusTavi

siRnaRi

bolnisi

Tbilisi

quTaisi

quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTlo

Kutaisi Court of Appeal

uzenaesi sasamarTloSupreme Court

Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlo

Tbilisi Court of Appeal

Sokhumi

Zugdidi

Poti

Ozurgeti

Batumi

Samtredia

Ambrolauri

Zestaponi

Kutaisi

Akhaltsikhe

Akhalkalaki

Khashuri

Gori

Tbilisi

Bolnisi

Rustavi

MtskhetaTelavi

Signagi

Tsageri

Tetritskaro

8Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTloTbilisi Court of Appeal

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sasamarTlo sistemis moqnili modelis Camoyalibebis da saka-sacio saCivrebis dasaSvebobis kriteriumebis garda, erTgvaro-vani sasamarTlo praqtikis Ca-moyalibebis mizniT, saqarTve-los uzenaesi sasamarTlos iniciativiT, 2007 wlis 5 Teberv-als Seiqmna sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswav-lis, ganzogadebisa da saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleebi-saTvis saxelmZRvanelo winada-debebis ganmsazRvreli mudmiv-moqmedi komisia, romelmac arsebuli mdgomareobis da tra-diciuli demokratiis saxelmwi-foebis gamocdilebis gaTvalis-winebiT SeimuSava saxelmZRva-nelo winadadebebi (e.w. guide-lines), romelSic maqsimalura-daa gaTvaliswinebuli yvela SesaZlo garemoeba sisxlis sa-marTlis kodeqsis konkretul muxlTan mimarTebaSi da deta-lurad aris miTiTebuli, Tu ra sasjeli unda daniSnos mosamar-Tlem ama Tu im muxliT piris msjavrdebis dros Sesabamisi garemoebis arsebobis an ararse-bobis SemTxvevaSi.

uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sida xedi da darbaziInterior and the hall of the Supreme Court

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uzenaesi sasamarTloSupreme Court

3. sakasacio sasamarTlo 3. COURT OF CASSATION

2005 wlis 1 noembridan saqarTvelos uzenaesi sa-samarTlo Camoyalibda wminda sakasacio instan-ciis sasamarTlod. uzenaes sasamarTloSi gauqm-da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegia, romelic pirveli instanciis wesiT ganixilavda gansaku-TrebiT mZime kategoriis saqmeebs.

SemoRebulia sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis kriteriumebi. uzenaesi sasamarTlo, am kriteri-umTa Sesabamisad, dasaSvebad miiCnevs iseTi kate-goriis saqmeebs, romlebic mniSvnelovania samar-Tlis ganviTarebisa da erTgvarovani sasamar-Tlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis. aRniSnuli cvlilebebiT uzenaesi sasamarTlo gaxda mar-Tlac doqtrinaluri sasamarTlo, romlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi funqciaa samarTlis normaTa gan-marteba da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis Camoyalibeba.

Since November 1, 2005 The Supreme Court of Geor-gia has been established as a court of the pure cassa-tion instance. The Panel for hearing criminal cases was cancelled at the Supreme Court, which used to hear the cases of extremely grave crime by the rule of the first in-stance.

The criteria for eligibility of cassation appeals have been introduced. According to these criteria the Supreme Court considers the eligible cases and accepts only those which are significant for the development of the justice and for the establishment of the common judicial practice With the mentioned changes the Supreme Court has in fact become a doctrinal court with one of the most basic functions of interpreting judicial norms and establishment of the common judiciary practice.

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amasTan, 2006 wlis TebervalSi safuZveli Caeyara axal iniciativas, rac gulisxmobs saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi yvela instanciis mosamar-TleTa regularuli Sexvedrebis organizebas. am Sexvedrebis mizania sasamarTlo praqtikis mni-Svnelovani sakiTxebis ganxilva, analizi, sxva-dasxva instanciis mosamarTleTa gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis Sejereba da diskusiis Sedegad sisxlis, samoqalaqo Tu administraciuli samar-Tlis normaTa erTgvarovani gagebis Camoyalibe-ba, rac werilobiT, rekomendaciebis saxiT egzav-neba yvela mosamarTles.

dReis mdgomareobiT, saxelmZRvanelo winadade-bebi da rekomendaciebi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba sa-qarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamar-Tleebis mier.

aRniSnuli saxis iniciativebi da axali sasamar-Tlo sistemis modeli did gavlenas axdens swra-fi da efeqturi marTlmsajulebis ganxorciele-baze. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, sistemis insti-tucionalurma cvlilebebma da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis intensiurma danergvam xe-li Seuwyo sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa droul gan-xilvasa da gadawyvetas. ukve aRmoifxvra sxva-dasxva instanciis sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa wlo-biT ganxilvis praqtika da Sedegic aSkaraa: 2007 wels saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier Catarebuli statistikuri kvlevis Tanaxmad, romlis drosac Seswavlili iqna 3000-mde saqme, irkveva, rom samive instanciis sasamarTloSi saq-mis ganxilvis saSualo vada 17.3 Tves Seadgens. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom tradiciuli demokratiis mraval saxelmwifoSi saerTod ar arsebobs raime SezRudva sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis zust vadebTan dakavSirebiT da konkteruli saqmis ganxilva erT instanciaSi SeiZleba weliwadze met xans gagrZeldes, saqarTvelos sasamarTlo sistemas saukeTeso Sedegi aqvs. Sesabamisad, axa-li sistema xels uwyobs saqarTveloSi saqmis gan-xilvis kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili vadebis dac-vas, rac gvaZlevs umniSvnelovanes Sedegs: swraf da efeqtur marTlmsajulebas.

Other than establishment of the flexible model of the judiciary and the eligibility criteria of cassation claims, with the purpose of establishing the common judiciary practice and with the initiative of the Supreme Court of Georgia, a permanent commission has been formed on February 5, 2007 with the purpose of determining the guidelines for the judges of common courts for studying and generalizing the criminal judiciary practice. After considering the current situation and experience of the countries of traditional democracy, the commission elaborated the guidelines which envisages all the possible circumstances in reference to the particular article of the Criminal Code as much as possible, and detailed reference is provided about what punishment the judge should decide while charging a person with this or that article in case of existence or non-existence of relevant circumstances. Besides, in February, 2006 the new initiative emerged which means arrangement of regular meetings of judges of all instances at the Supreme Court of Georgia. These meetings aim at discussing and analyzing important issues of the judiciary practice, also matching the different opinions of the judges of various instances and establishing a common understanding of the norms of criminal, civil or administrative law, which is sent to all the judges in writing, as recommendations.

Currently the guidelines and recommendations are actively used by the judges of the common courts of Georgia.

These initiatives and the model of the new judiciary system greatly influence the administration of quick and effective justice. As it was expected, the institutional changes of the system and intensive introduction of the common judiciary practice supported the timely hearing and resolving of the cases at courts. The practice of hearing the cases for years has already been eradicated at the courts of various instances and the result is visible: in 2007 a statistical survey was held by the Supreme Court of Georgia, 3,000 cases were studied and it was revealed that the average term for hearing a case at the courts of all the instances is 17.3 months. Considering that in many states of traditional democracy there is no limit regarding the exact deadlines for case hearing, and hearing of one certain case might be protracted up to a year at one instance, the results of the judiciary system of Georgia is impressive. Correspondingly, the new system supports to observing the timeframes for case hearing in Georgia as determined by the legislation, which brings us a significant result: quick and effective justice.

II. saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWoreformis erT-erTi prioriteti, saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos reorganizacia masSi mosamarTleTa raodenobis gazrdisa da, saer-Tod, mosamarTleTa "xmis" gaZlierebis mizniT, faqtobrivad dasrulebulia. iusticiis umaRle-si sabWo, romelsac Tavmjdomareobs uzenaesi sa-samarTlos Tavmjdomare, aRar warmoadgens pre-zidentis saTaTbiro organos da Camoyalibda sa-samarTlo sistemis marTvis damoukidebel orga-nod. sasamarTlo xelisuflebaSi Semavali umni-Svnelovanesi uflebamosilebebis mqone am orga-nos kompetenciaSi Sedis sasamarTlo biujetis Sedgena, materialur-teqnikuri uzrunvelyofa da misi kontroli, mosamarTlis Tanamdebobaze daniSvna, Tanamdebobidan ganTavisufleba, gada-wyvetilebis miReba mosamarTleTa waxalisebis Sesaxeb, disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis gan-xorcieleba mosamarTleebis mimarT, sasamar-Tlos moxeleTa samsaxurSi miReba da a.S.

II. HIGH COUNCIL OF JUSTICE OF GEORGIA

One of the priorities of the reform, which aimed at reorganizing the High Council of Justice through increasing the number of judges and, in general, strengthening the 'voices' of judges, is in fact completed. The High Council of Justice, chaired by the Chairman of the Supreme Court, does not represent the President's advisory body any more and it has been established as an independent body in charge of management of the judiciary system.

This is the body of greatest authority in the judicial power, and its competence is to draw up the judiciary budget, provide with and control the material and technical resources, appoint and release judges, make decisions about promotion of judges, initiate disciplinary administration of justice against judges, employ court personnel, etc.

13

iusticiis umaRlesi sabWoHigh Council of Justice

sakonferencio darbaziConference Hall

1514

III. disciplinuri samarTalwarmoeba `saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamar-TleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da dis-ciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb~ saqar-Tvelos kanoniT dadgenilia mosamarTleTa dis-ciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlebi. kano-nis Tavdapirveli redaqciiT gaTvaliswinebuli iyo disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis rTuli da ramdenimesafexuriani procedura, rac iwvevda samarTalwarmoebis usafuZvlo gaWianurebas. 2007 wels, veneciis komisiis rekomedaciebis ga-TvaliswinebiT, kanonSi ganxorcielebuli cvli-lebebiT mniSvnelovnad gamartivda da daixvewa disciplinuri samarTalwarmoeba. reformirebu-li iusticiis umRlesi sabWos struqtura Seesa-bameba evropis ministrTa komitetis mier 1994 wlis 13 oqtombers miRebul rekomendacias “mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba, efeqtianoba da roli”, romlis mixedviTac, mosamarTleTa mier Cadenili disciplinuri darRvevebi unda Seamow-mos Sesabamisma damoukidebelma da kompetentur-ma organom.

saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos Semadg-enlobaSi (15 wevri) Seiqmna sadisciplino kole-gia. igi Sedgeba eqvsi wevrisagan, romelTagan sami saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTlea, mosamar-Tlea aseve kolegiis Tavmjdomare.

sadisciplino kolegiis gadawyvetilebis gasaCiv-reba SeiZleba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamar-Tlos sadisciplino palataSi. sadisciplino palata (igi Sedgeba uzenaesi sasamarTlos sami mosamarTlisagan), Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens mosa-marTleTa discilinuri sakiTxebis ganmxilvel sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlos.

III. DISCIPLINARY ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

The fundamentals for the disciplinary responsibilities of

judges are defined by the law of Georgia on

‘Disciplinary Administration of Justice and Disciplinary

Responsibilities of Judges of Common Courts of

Georgia’. The first version of the law envisaged the

complicated and multistage procedure of the

disciplinary administration of justice, which caused the

unsubstantiated protraction of administration of justice.

In 2007, considering the recommendations of the

Venice Commission, the disciplinary administration of

justice has been significantly simplified and refined with

the amendments made to the law. The reformed

structure of the High Council of Justice corresponds to

the recommendation received from the European

Committee of Ministers on October 13, 1994

‘Independence, Effectiveness and Roles of Judges’,

according to which the disciplinary offences committed

by judges should be examined by the relevant

independent and competent body.

The Disciplinary Panel was formed at the High Council

of Justice of Georgia (15 members). It consists of six

members, three of which are the judges of the common

courts of Georgia, and the chairperson of the Panel is a

judge as well.

The decision of the Disciplinary Panel can be appealed

to the Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court of

Georgia. The Disciplinary Chamber (consisting of three

judges of the Supreme Court) from its side represents

the court of cassation that hears the disciplinary issues

of judges.

aRsaniSnavia, rom iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos daarsebidan, anu 1997 wlidan dRemde, mosamar-Tleebi yovelTvis umciresobaSi iyvnen. 2006 wlis sakonstitucio cvlilebebiTa da mimdinare wlis ivnisSi sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi Setanili cvlilebebiT, 2007 wlis 2 ivlisidan iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos Semadgenloba ganisazRvra 15 wevriT, romelTagan 9 moqmedi mosamarTlea. am mosamarTleebs (garda uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarisa, romelic sabWos Tavmjdomarea), sabWos wevrebad (maT Soris sabWos mdivansac) ir-Cevs saqarTvelos mosamarTleTa konferencia. Sesabamisad, mosamarTleebi iusticiis umaRles sabWoSi, umravlesobaSi arian da nebismieri saki-Txis ganxilvisas gadamwyvetia maTi pozicia. es ki mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis kidev erTi mni-Svnelovani garantiaa.

It is noteworthy that since its establishment in 1997, the

judges at the High Council of Justice have always

represented the minority till today. With the

constitutional amendments of 2006 and the

amendments to the legislative acts made in June, it was

determined to have 15 members within the High Council

of Justice since July 2, 2007, 9 of whom are acting

judges. These judges (except the Chairman of the

Supreme Court, who is a Chairman of the Council) are

elected the Council Members (among them the Council

Secretary too) by the Conference of Judges of Georgia.

Correspondingly, the judges represent the majority

within the High Council of Justice and their position is

decisive for solving any issue. This represents one more

important guarantee for independence of judges.

iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo 15 wevri

aramosamarTle 6 wevri

irCevs 3 wevrsELECT 3 MEMBERS

sadisciplino kolegia Sedgeba 6 wevrisagan

HIGH COUNCIL OF JUSTICE 15 MEMBERS

NON-JUDGE 6 MEMBERS

mosamarTle 9 wevri

JUDGE 9 MEMBERS

irCevs 3 wevrsELECT 3 MEMBERS

DISCIPLINARY PANEL CONSISTS OF 6 MEMBERS

16 17

disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis reformiT mniSvnelovnad gaizarda sadisciplino palatis funqcia. adre moqmedi sistemiT uzenaesi sasa-marTlos sadisciplino kolegia ganixilavda sa-Civars disciplinur saqmeze sakasacio saCivris farglebSi, anu ar xdeboda saqmis gamokvleva, ko-legia ar iyo uflebamosili, Seecvala mosamar-TlisaTvis dakisrebuli saxdeli. dRes moqmedi sadisciplino palata disciplinur saqmes ganixi-lavs arsebiTad, sruli moculobiT da igi ufle-bamosilia, Secvalos sadisciplino kolegiis ga-dawyvetileba mosamarTlisaTvis dakisrebuli saxdelis nawilSi.

saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa mimarT disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis dawyebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani safuZvelia moqalaqeTa gancxadebebi, mosamarTlis mier disciplinuri gadacdomis Cadenis SesaZlo faqtze miTiTebiT.

2006 wlis statistika:

Semovida 1851 gancxadeba (saCivari)

disciplinuri devna aRiZra 60 sakiTxze, rac Sem-osuli gancxadebebis 3,2% Seadgens.sadisciplino kolegiis mier ganxilulia 56 saqme 55 mosamarTlis mimarT, romelTagan:a) gamarTlda 10 mosamarTle (18,2%)b) kerZo sarekomendacio baraTiT miemarTa 4 mo-samarTles (7,3%);g) disciplinuri saxdeli – SeniSvna daekisra 9 mosamarTles (16,4%);d) disciplinuri saxdeli- sayveduri daekisra 13 mosamarTles (23,6%);e) disciplinuri saxdeli – mkacri sayveduri daekisra 3 mosamarTles (5,5%);v) disciplinuri saxdeli – Tanamdebobidan gan-Tavisufleba Seefarda 6 mosamarTles (10,9%);z) mosamarTleTa rezervidan amoiricxa 2 mosa-marTle (3,6%);T) mosamarTlis Tanamdebobidan ganTavisufle-bis gamo disciplinuri saqmiswarmoeba Sewyda 5 mosamarTlis mimarT (9,1%);i) cnobil iqna braleulad, magram ar daekisra disciplinuri pasuxismgebloba da saxdeli 2 mo-samarTles (3,6%);k) disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis vadis gasvlis gamo Sewyda disciplinuri saqmis-warmoeba 1 mosamarTlis mimarT (1,8%).

The reform of the disciplinary administration of justice resulted in the significant expansion of the function of the Disciplinary Chamber. With the former system the Disciplinary Panel of the Supreme Court of Georgia re-viewed the claims on disciplinary issues within the cas-sation frameworks, i.e. the case was not investigated and the panel was not authorized to amend the punish-ment towards the judge. Currently the acting Disciplina-ry Chamber reviews the disciplinary case substantially, at full extent and it is authorized to amend the decision of the Disciplinary Panel in the part stating the punish-ment for the judge.

One of the significant grounds for initiating the disciplinary administration of justice against the judges of common courts are the applications of citizens, with the indication of the possible fact of the disciplinary offence committed by the judge.

STATISTIC IN 2006:

1.851 applications (claims) was filed

Disciplinary prosecution was initiated on 60 issues that represent 3.2% of the filed applications.The Disciplinary Panel reviewed 56 cases against 55 judges, out of whom:a)10 judges were acquitted (18.2%);b)4 judges (7.3%) were applied to with private letters of recommendation; c)9 judges (16.4%) received admonition – a disciplinary penalty;d) 13 judges (23.6%) received reprimand – a disciplina-ry penalty;e)3 judges (5.5%) received strict reprimand – a discipli-nary penalty;f) 6 judges (10.9%) were dismissed from office due to the disciplinary penalty;g) 2 judges (3.6%) were removed from the judges re-serve list;h) Disciplinary administration of justice regarding a judge’s dismissal was terminated against 5 judges (9.1%);i)2 judges (3.6%) were found guilty but were not charg-ed with disciplinary responsibility or penalty;j) Disciplinary administration of justice was terminated against 1 judge (1.8%) due to expiration of the term for imposing the disciplinary responsibility.

disciplinuri samarTalwarmoeba

Disciplinary Administ ration of Justice

gancxadeba (saCivari) Application (claim)

sadisciplino kolegia

(6 wevri)

Disciplinary Panel

(6 members)

uzenaesi sasamarTlos sadisciplino palata (3 wevri)

Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court

(3 members)

uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare

saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare

Chairman of the Supreme Court

Chairman of the Court of Appeal

iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo

High Council of Justice

gadawyvetileba mosamarTlis disciplinur

pasuxisgebaSi micemis Taobaze

Decision on pursuing a disciplinary prosecution

against a judge

iusticiis sabWos sxdoma - mosamarTlis

disciplinur pasuxisgebaSi micemis Taobaze

Session of the Council of Justice - on pursuing a disciplinary prosecution against a judge

2007 wlis 9 Tvis statistika:

Semovida 889 gancxadeba (saCivari)

disciplinuri devna aRiZra 13 sakiTxze, rac Sem-osuli gancxadebebis 1,5% Seadgens.sadisciplino kolegiis mier ganxilulia 13 saqme 12 mosamarTlis mimarT, romelTagan:a) disciplinuri saxdeli – SeniSvna daekisra 1 mosamarTles (8,3%);b) disciplinuri saxdeli – Tanamdebobidan gan-Tavisufleba Seefarda 4 mosamarTles (33,3%);g) mosamarTleTa rezervidan amoiricxa 4 mosa-marTle (33,3%);d) mosamarTleTa rezervidan gadmoyvanis gamo disciplinuri saqmiswarmoeba Sewyda 1 mosamar-Tlis mimarT (8,3%);e) mosamarTlis Tanamdebobidan ganTavisuflebis gamo disciplinuri saqmiswarmoeba Sewyda 2 mosa-marTlis mimarT (16,7%).

STATISTIC IN 2007 DURING 9 MONTH:

889 applications (claims) was filed

Disciplinary prosecution was initiated on 13 issues that represent 1.5% of the filed applications.The Disciplinary Panel reviewed 13 cases against 12 judges, out of whom:a) 1 judge (8.3%) received admonition – a disciplinary penalty;b)4 judges (33.3%) were dismissed from office due to the disciplinary penalty.c)4 judges (33.3%) were removed from the judges re-serve list;d) Disciplinary administration of justice was terminated against 1 judge (8.3%) due to the transfer from the judg-es reserve list;e) Disciplinary administration of justice regarding a judge’s dismissal was terminated against 2 judges (16.7%).

18 19

2006 wlis 1 aprilidan funqcionirebas Seudga

iusticiis umaRlesi skola, romelic am etapze

axorcielebs Tavis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes

funqcias _ moqmed mosamarTleTa gadamzadebas

maTi profesiuli srulyofis mizniT.

mosamarTleTa gadamzadebis programiT 2006

wels sul Catarda 25 seminari. aqedan sami semi-

nari mosamarTlis TanaSemweebisaTvis gaimarTa.

saerTo jamSi gadamzadebis programebs daeswro

daaxlebiT 550 monawile, anu saSualod TiTo sem-

inars eswreboda 23 monawile.

2007 wlidan skolam ukve srulyofilad daiwyo

funqcionireba, radgan centraluri ofisis gar-

da (Tbilisi), mwyobrSi Cadga skolis regiona-

luri saswavlo centrebi baTumsa da wyaltubo-

Si. umaRles doneze garemontebul da keTilmo-

wyobil am centrebSi mudmivad gaimarTeba semi-

narebi rogorc moqmedi mosamarTleebisaTvis,

ise 2007 wlis noembridan - iusticiis skolis

msmenelTaTvis.

iusticiis umaRlesi skolis SeqmniTa da amoqme-

debiT faqtobrivad mogvarda sasamarTlo re-

formiT gaTvaliswinebuli ori umniSvnelovanesi

sakiTxi:

The High School of Justice has started functioning since

April 1, 2006 that currently implements its one of the

most important functions – training of acting judges with

the purpose of their professional perfection.

In 2006 total of 25 seminars were held according to the

judges training program. Three of these seminars were

held for assistant judges. In total, about 550 participants

attended the training programs, or, on average, 23

participants attended each seminar.

Since 2007 the School has started functioning in its full

capacity as far as other than the central office (Tbilisi),

the regional training centers have also become fully

organized in Batumi and Tskaltubo. These centers are

excellently rehabilitated and equipped, and seminars

will permanently be arranged not only for judges, but

also for the students of the School of Justice from

November, 2007.

By creating and activating the High School of Justice, in

fact, two important issues envisaged in the judiciary

reform have been solved:

iusticiis umaRlesi skola (baTumi)High School of Justice (Batumi)

IV. kadrebis SerCeva, maTi momzadeba da gadamzadeba, iusticiis umaRlesi skola

sasamarTlo reformis Semadgeneli yvela kompo-

nentis warmatebiT ganxorcielebac ki ver mogv-

cems sasurvel Sedegs, Tuki ar iqna miRweuli yve-

laze mTavari: sistemis dakompleqteba miuker-

Zoebeli, patiosani da, rac mTavaria, kvalifi-

ciuri kadrebiT. reformis am qvakuTxedSi ori

etapi gamoirCeva:

1. gardamaval periodSi (reformis mimdinareobi-

sas _ 2005-2009 w.w.) mosamarTleTa SerCeva arse-

buli modelis farglebSi gansakuTrebuli yur-

adRebiTa da pasuxismgeblobiT, mkafiod dadge-

nili kriteriumebis, kerZod, pretendentis pir-

ovnuli maxasiaTeblebis, reputaciis, kvalifika-

ciisa da analitikuri azrovnebis safuZvelze.

aRniSnuli kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT, re-

formis mimdinareobisas, 2005-2007 wlebSi, Tanam-

debobaze dainiSna 139 axali mosamarTle.

2. samomavlod mosamarTleTa SerCevisa da momza-

debis axali sistemis Seqmna, romelic 2007 wlis

oqtombridan amoqmedda iusticiis umaRlesi

skolis farglebSi.

pirveli etapi iTvaliswinebs mosamarTleTa kor-

pusis Sevsebas axali kadrebiT da imavdroulad,

mosamarTleTa saerTo raodenobis gazrdas jer

320-mde, rac Tavdapirvelad sakmarisi iqneba axa-

li sistemis mTeli qveynis masStabiT asamoqmede-

blad, Semdeg ki TandaTanobiT zrdas 400-mde,

rac Seesabameba dadgenil saerTaSoriso stand-

arts – yovel 10000 mosaxleze 1 mosamarTle.

IV. HUMAN RESOURCES, THEIR DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING, HIGH SCHOOL OF JUSTICE

Even the successful implementation of all the

components of the court reform will not give us the

desired result if the most important thing cannot be

achieved: staffing the system with impartial, honest,

and, more importantly, qualified human resources. Two

stages stand out of this cornerstone of the reform:

1. To select judges with exceptional attention and

responsibility within the frameworks of the existed

model during the transition period (during the reform –

2005-2009) based on the strictly defined criteria,

namely the personal characteristic features of a

candidate, reputation, qualification and analytical

thinking. Considering these criteria, 139 new judges

were appointed during the reform in 2005-2007.

2. To create the new system of selecting and developing

judges for the future, which has become effective since

October 2007 within the framework of the High School

of Justice.

The first stage envisages staffing the body of judges

with new human resources and, at the same time,

increasing the total number of judges to 320 at first,

which at the initial phase will be enough for activating

the new system throughout the whole country, and then

it will be gradually increased up to 400, which

corresponds to the current international standard – 1

judge per each 10,000 person.

iusticiis umaRlesiskola (wyaltubo)High School of Justice (Tskaltubo)

iusticiis umaRlesi skola (Tbilisi)High School of Justice (Tbilisi)

2120

V. sasamarTlo sistemis biujeti

sasamarTlos reformis ganxorcielebis erT-er-Ti umniSvnelovanesi winapirobaa reformis fi-nansuri da materialuri uzrunvelyofa. sasamar-Tlo xelisuflebis damoukideblobis uzrun-velsayofad, pirvel rigSi, swored misi finan-suri damoukidebloba unda iqnes garantirebuli.

reformis farglebSi gaTvaliswinebulia mosa-marTleTa xelfasebis mkveTri zrda, rac sasa-marTlo xelisuflebis damoukideblobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi garantiaa, agreTve sasamar-TloebSi samuSao pirobebis gaumjobeseba, erTia-ni kompiuteruli qselis Seqmna, samarTalwarmoe-bis eleqtronuli sistemebis danergva, materia-lur-teqnikuri bazis gadaxaliseba da evropul standartebamde miyvana. swored am mizniT sasa-marTlo sistemis biujeti 19 milioni lariT gai-zarda _ 14,4 milioni laridan 2005 wels 33,2 milion laramde 2006 wels. aseve gaizarda mosa-marTleTa xelfasi, romelic 2007 wlis 1 ianvri-dan I instanciis sasamarTloebSi 1550 laria (mini-maluri xelfasi), saSualod 2000 lari _ saape-lacio sasamarTloebSi da 3000-dan 4000 laramde uzenaes sasamarTloSi. 2007 wlis biujeti ki 34,4 milion lars Seadgens.

V. BUDGET OF THE JUDICIARY SYSTEM

Another significant prerequisite for implementing the

court reform is to ensure the financial and material

provision of the reform. Besides, for ensuring the

independence of the judicial power, first of all their

financial independence should be guaranteed.

Within the frameworks of the reform it is envisaged to

increase the salaries of judges significantly, which

represents one of the basic guarantees

independence of the judicial power, also, it is necessary

to improve working conditions at courts,

material and technical resources and make it closer to

the European standards. With this purpose, the budget

of the judiciary system has been increased by 19 million

GEL – from 14.4 million GEL in 2005 to 33.2 million

GEL in 2006.

Also, the salaries of judges have increased, which has

been 1,550 GEL (minimum salary) at the court of the I

instance since January 1, 2007, and on average 2,000

GEL - at courts of appeal, and 3,000-4,000 GEL at the

Supreme Court. The budget of 2007 is 34.4 million

GEL.

1.mosamarTleTa gadamzadebisa da kvalifikaciis

amaRlebisaTvis aucilebeli specialuri pro-

gramis SemuSaveba da amoqmedeba, rac, Tavis mxriv,

mosamarTleTa damoukideblobisa da miukerZoe-

blobis kidev erTi garantiaa. es aris skolis

erT-erTi funqcia, rac iTvaliswinebs winaswar,

wlis dasawyisSi dagegmili grafikis mixedviT mo-

samarTleTaTvis gadamzadebis kursebis Catare-

bas. TiToeuli mosamarTle wlis ganmavlobaSi,

sul mcire, orjer mainc CaerTveba am swavleba-

Si,sadac specialuri meTodikiT (kanonmdeblo-

bis analizi, uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtikis

ganxilva, konkretuli kazusebis safuZvelze

problemis Seswavla da a.S.) maT miewodebaT spe-

cialistebis mier momzadebuli masala;

2. mosamarTleTa SerCevisa da daniSvnis axali

modelis Seqmna, romelic iTvaliswinebs kandida-

tis Caricxvas skolis msmenelad da mis srulyo-

fil momzadebas 14 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. evropis

sabWos eqspertebis monawileobiT ukve SemuSavda

msmenelTa saswavlo programa. Catarda ramdenime

specialuri seminari skolis leqtorebisaTvis,

ganisazRvra swavlebis meTodika da am mimarTu-

lebiT skola funqcionirebas daiwyebs 2007 wlis

noembridan, roca skolaSi Cairicxebian pirveli

msmenelebi.

1. Elaboration and application of special programs

necessary for training judges and for upgrading their

qualification that, from its side, represents another

guarantee for independence and impartiality of judges.

This is one of the functions of the school that envisages

holding the training courses for judges according to the

schedule planned in advance in the beginning of the

year. During a year each judge will take part in the

training program at least twice, where the material

prepared by trainers will be delivered to them through

the special methodology (analysis of legislation, review

of the practice of the Supreme Court, study of the

problem based on particular cases, etc);

2.Creation of the new model of selecting and appoint-

ing judges, which envisages enrollment of the candi-

dates as students at the school and their complete de-

velopment for 14 months. With participation of the ex-

perts of the Council of Europe, the training program for

students has already been elaborated. Several special

seminars were arranged for school lecturers, the teach-

ing methodology was determined and the School will

start functioning in this direction since November, 2007,

when the first students are enrolled at school.

iusticiis umaRlesi skolis darbazi seminarebisaTvis (wyaltubo)Training Hall of the High School of Justice (Tskaltubo)

mosamarTleTa saSualo xelfasi TveSi 2005-2009 wlebSi (Tanxa larebSi) – sqema

Average monthly salaries of judges during 2005-2009 (in GEL) - chart

saerTo sasamarTloebis 2005-2009 wlebis sabiujeto saxsrebi (Tanxa milion larebSi) – sqema

Budgetary resources of common courts for 2005-2009 (in million GEL) - chart

1120

1760

1940

2200

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2005 2006 2007 2008

14.4

33.234.6 34.9 35.1

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009iusticiis umaRlesi skolis darbazi seminarebisaTvis (baTumi)Training Hall of the High School of Justice (Batumi)

24 25

uzenaesi sasamarTlos biujeti da mosamarTleTa saSualo xelfasi 1998-2007 wlebSi – sqemaBBBUDGET OF THE SUPREME COURT AND AVERAGE SALARIES OF JUDGES IN 1998-2007 - CHART

VI. sasamarTlo Senobebis reabilitacia da aRWurva

mosamarTlisTvis teqnikuri da materialuri pirobebis Seqmnis, marTlmsajulebis Seuferxe-blad da operatiulad ganxorcielebis mizniT, 2006 wlidan mTeli qveynis masStabiT mimdinar-eobs sasamarTlo SenobaTa intensiuri rekon-struqcia, mosamarTleTa da maTi damxmare per-sonalisaTvis materialur-teqnikuri pirobebis Seqmna-gaumjobeseba. am mimarTulebiT ganxor-cielebuli intensiuri samuSaoebis Sedegad, 2007 wlis Semodgomaze ukve dasrulda saqarTvelos 24 didi sasamarTlodan (uzenaesi da saapelacio sasamarTloebis CaTvliT) 21 sasamarTlos sruli rekonstruqcia, maT Soris: ozurgeTis, axalcix-is, axalqalaqis, zugdidis, samtrediis, saCxeris, ambrolauris, zestafonis, xaSuris, goris, mcxe-Tis, Telavis da siRnaRis raionuli sasamar-Tloebis, agreTve, Tbilisis, rusTavis, quTaisis, foTisa da baTumis saqalaqo sasamarTloebis saremonto samuSaoebi. aseve garemontda 12 magis-trati sasamarTlo, maT Soris axmetis, ninowmin-

VI. REHABILITATION AND EQUIPMENT OF THE COURTHOUSES

With the purpose of creating technical and material

conditions to the judges, and ensuring the unimpeded

and speedy administration of justice, the intensive

reconstruction of courthouses, creation-improvement of

the material and technical environment for judges and

their support personnel have been going on throughout

the country since 2006. As the result of these intensive

works implemented in this direction, 21 courts out of 24

large courts of Georgia (including the Supreme Court

and the courts of appeal) have been completely

reconstructed for the fall of 2007, among them:

Ozurgeti, Akhaltsikhe, Akhalkalaki, Zugdidi, Samtredia,

Sachkhere, Ambrolauri, Zestaponi, Khashuri, Gori,

Mtskheta, Telavi and Signagi district courts. Besides,

Tbilisi, Rustavi, Kutaisi, Poti and Batumi city courts were

also rehabilitated, and, in addition, 12 magistrate courts

were repaired, among them those of Akhmeta,

dis, lentexis, walkis, wyaltubos, Suaxevis, aba-Sis, dedofliswyaros da sxva. am samuSaoebisa-Tvis saerTo jamSi saxelmwifo biujetidan 15 milioni lari daixarja. 2008 wlisaTvis dagegmi-lia 20 sasamarTlo Senobis rekonstruqcia, 2009 wlis bolos ki saremonto samuSaoebi dasrulde-ba da sasamarTlos yvela Senoba umaRles doneze iqneba garemontebuli.

garda amisa, yvela rekonstruirebul sasamar-TloSi sxdomis darbazebi aRiWurva kompiutere-biT, damontaJda xmis gamaZliereblebi da mikro-fonebi, aseve specialuri aparatura, riTac gan-xorcieldeba sasamarTlo sxdomebis Cawera. mTlianad garemontda mosamarTleTa da aparatis muSakTa samuSao oTaxebi da TiToeuli maTgani uzrunvelyofil iqna kompiuteriT. 2008 wlis bo-lomde aseTive pirobebi Seiqmneba pirveli in-stanciis yvela 21 raionul (saqalaqo) sasamar-TloSi da daaxloebiT 30 magistrat sasamarTlo-Si.

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID), gaeros ganvi-Tarebis programis (UNDP) finansuri mxarda-WeriT da nawilobriv sakuTari resursebiT aseve iqmneba sasamarTlo sistemis erTiani kompiuter-uli qseli, rac sabolood moxsnis dReisaTvis sa-samarTlo sistemaSi arsebul problemebs da xels Seuwyobs swrafi marTlmsajulebis ganxor-cielebas. erTiani kompiuteruli qselis SeqmniT:

aupirveles yovlisa, mogvardeba mosamarTleTa axali informaciiT (sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis, kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebis, uzenaesi sa-samarTlos gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb) uzrunve-lyofis sakiTxi. aTiTieuli mosamarTle gaecnoba erTgvarovani praqtikis ganmsazRvrel uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaTa programas, rac xels Seuwyobs erTiani sasamarTlo praqtikis danergvasa da dainteresebuli sazogadoebis mier am gadawyve-tilebaTa gauyovnebliv gacnobis SesaZleblobas.asasamarTloebSi dainergeba erTiani eleqtro-nuli dokumentbrunvisa da saqmiswarmoebis sis-temebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen saproceso, organizaciuli Tu sameurneo xasiaTis korespon-denciebis mimoqcevas.

Ninotsminda, Lentekhi, Tsalka, Tskaltubo, Shuakhevi, Abasha, Dedoplistskaro, etc. The funds expended from the state budges for these works totaled 15 million GEL. By 2008 it is planned to reconstruct 20 courthouses, by the end of 2009 all the rehabilitation works will be over and all the courthouses will have received high quality repairs.

Besides, the halls at all the reconstructed courthouses were equipped with computers, sound amplifiers and microphones, also special equipment were installed for taping court sessions. Working rooms of judges and the personnel have completely been repaired and each of them was provided with a computer. By the end of 2008 similar conditions will be provided in all the 21 district (city) courts of the first instance and at about 30 magistrate courts.

With the financial support of USAID and UNDP, and partly by its own resources the integrated virtual network is created, which will finally solve the current problems within the judiciary system and support the quick administration of justice.

By creating the integrated virtual network:

aFirst of all, the issue of providing judges with recent information (legislative amendments, information about the sublegislative normative acts and the resolution of the Supreme Court) will be solved.aEach judge will get familiar with the program of resolutions of the Supreme Court for defining the common practice that will facilitate the introduction of common judiciary practice, and enable the interested people to get familiar with these resolutions immediately.aThe integral electronic system of document circulation and case management will be introduced at the courts, which will ensure the flow of procedural, organizational or administrative correspondence.aThe self-control of courts will be increased – that means the procedural deadlines and violation of rules of case management will be controlled automatically.aStatistical and analytical data will be processed more efficiently.

778

1339 1359

1785 1785 1758

2399

2936

3739

420

1030 1050 1060 1060 1115

13901525

3125

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

biujeti (aTasi lari) mosamarTlis saSualo xelfasi

Budget (thousand GEL) Average salaries of Judges

3739

3225

2007

26

agaizrdeba sasamarTloTa TviTkontroli - igulisxmeba saproceso vadebisa da saqmiswar-moebis wesis darRvevis avtomaturi kontroli.aganxorcieldeba statistikuri da analiti-kuri informaciis operatiuli damuSaveba.auzrunvelyofili iqneba informaciis sajar-ooba, rac gamoixateba gadawyvetilebebis, sxdo-maTa ganrigebisa da saqmis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb informaciis qselSi ganTavsebiT, romelic xel-misawvdomi iqneba nebismieri dainteresebuli mo-qalaqisaTvis.

erTian kompiuterul qselSi amJamad CarTulia 20 didi sasamarTlo. 2007 wlis bolomde CaerTve-bian quTaisis saqalaqo da cageris raionuli sa-samarTloebi, xolo 2008 wels ki - bolnisisa da TeTriwyaros raionuli sasamarTloebi.

saqmeTa ganxilvis daCqarebisa da sxdomebis Ses-axeb informaciis sizustisa da sajaroobis ama-Rlebis mizniT, saqarTvelos yvela sasamarTlo-Si gaTvaliswinebulia sasamarTlo procesis teq-nikuri fiqsaciis specialuri sistemis danergva. am sistemis meSveobiT sinqronulad, cifrul formatSi, iwereba sxdomis mimdinareoba, xolo sxdomis damTavrebisTanave xorcieldeba sasa-marTlo procesis Cawera kompaqt-diskze da sxdomis mokle oqmis amobeWdva, romelic daer-Tvis saqmes. sxdomis audio Canaweri SiZleba waki-Txul iqnas nebismier multimediur kompiu-terze. aRniSnuli sistema ukve moqmedebs saqar-Tvelos uzenaes sasamarTlosa da rusTavis saqa-laqo sasamarTloSi. 2008 wlis bolomde ki amoq-meddeba sxva sasamarTloebSic. es kidev ufro daaCqarebs procesebis warmarTvas da, Sesabami-sad, swrafi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas Seuwyobs xels.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom reformis Sedegad saqar-TveloSi yalibdeba evropuli standartebis mqone sasamarTloebi, Tanamedrove Senoba-nage-bobebiTa da Tanamedrove teqnikuri aRWurvilo-biT, rac mosamarTlisaTvis muSaobis saukeTeso pirobebs iZleva. aseTi tipis sasamarTloebi ki ueWvelad imsaxurebs mosaxleobis, sazogadoebis mxridan pativiscemas da sasamarTlosadmi mokr-Zalebas, rac saboloo jamSi, sxva faqtorebis ga-TvaliswinebiT, gadamwyvet Sedegs moitans: sasa-marTlosadmi xalxis absolutur ndobas.

aPublicity of information will be guaranteed, which

means that the information about court resolutions, trial

schedules and case proceedings will be posted on

network and be available for any interested citizen.

Currently 20 large courts are connected to the

integrated virtual network. Kutaisi City Court, also

Tsageri district court will be connected by the end of

2007, and Bolnisi and Tetritskaro district courts – in

2008.

With the purpose of speeding up the case hearings and

enhancing the accuracy and publicity of information

about sessions, it is envisaged to introduce a special

system of technical fixation of trials at all the courts of

Georgia. This system will make it possible to record the

trial simultaneously in a digital format, and as soon as

the trial is over, it will be burned on the CD and short

protocol of the trial will be printed out to be attached to

the case. It will be possible to read the audio record of

the session on any multimedia computer. These

systems are already operational at the Supreme Court

of Georgia and Rustavi City Court. By the end of 2008 it

will be installed in other courts as well. This will speed

up trial proceedings more and, correspondingly, will

support to quick administration of justice.

It is possible to say that as the result of the reforms

there will be courts in Georgia that meet European

standards, with up-to-date buildings and constructions

and up-to-date technical equipment, which provides

best working environment for judges. Such courts

deserve respect and esteem from the population and

society, which, ultimately, considering other factors, will

result in a decisive outcome: absolute trust of the

people in the judiciary.

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Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTloTbilisi Court of Appeal

2928

quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTlo Kutaisi Court of Appeal

BbaTumis saqalaqo sasamarTloBatumi City Court

rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTloRustavi City Court

mcxeTis raionuli sasamarTloMtskheta District Court

30 31

goris raionuli sasamarTloGori District Court

xaSuris raionuli sasamarTloKhashuri District Court

saCxeris raionuli sasamarTloSachkhere District Court

samtrediis raionuli sasamarTloSamtredia District Court

32 33

zestafonis raionuli sasamarTloZestafoni District Court

ozurgeTis raionuli sasamarTloOzurgeti District Court

zugdidis raionuli sasamarTloZugdidi District Court

axalcixis raionuli sasamarTloAkhaltsikhe District Court

3534

axalqalaqis raionuli sasamarTloAkhalkalaki District Court

siRnaRis raionuli sasamarTloSignagi District Court

Telavis raionuli sasamarTloTelavi District Court

ninowmidis magistrati sasamarTloNinotsmina Magistrate Court

Terjolis magistrati sasamarTloTerjola Magistrate Court

36 37

abaSis magistrati sasamarTloAbasha Magistrate Court

Suaxevis magistrati sasamarTloShuakhevi Magistrate Court

axmetis magistrati sasamarTloAkhmeta Magistrate Court

wyaltubos magistrati sasamarTloTskaltubo Magistrate Court

38

iusticiis umaRlesi skola (wyaltubo)High School of Justice (Tskaltubo)

iusticiis umaRlesi skola (baTumi)High School of Justice (Batumi)

39

VII. wesrigis dacva sasamarTloSi

mravali saxelmwifos gamocdilebis Sesabamisad, 2006 wlis ianvridan pirvelad saqarTvelos isto-riaSi sasamarTlo sistemaSi amoqmedda mandatu-ris instituti. mandaturi uzrunvelyofs mosa-marTlisa da procesis monawileebis usafrTxoe-bas, icavs wesrigs sasamarTlos SenobaSi da sxdo-mis darbazebSi procesis mimdinareobisas.

sasamarTlos mandaturi uflebamosilia, aRasru-los mosamarTlis brZaneba wesrigis darRvevisa da sasamarTlosadmi upativcemulobis gamoxatvis SemTxvevaSi piris 50-dan 500 laramde TanxiT da-jarimebis, darbazidan misi gaZevebis an 30 dRemde dapatimrebis Taobaze.

mandaturis samsaxuri moqmedebs saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi, Tbilisisa da quTaisis saa-pelacio da saqalaqo sasamarTloebSi, aseve Tvra-met raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTlosa da cxra magistrat sasamarTloSi. 2008 wlis bolomde ki amoqmeddeba saqarTvelos yvela sasamarTloSi.

VII. KEEPING THE ORDER AT COURT

Considering the experience of many countries, and for the first time in the history of Georgia the institute of a Mandaturi (Court-Martial) has been introduced at the judiciary system since January 2006. The Mandaturi will ensure safety of judges and trial participants; will keep order at the courthouse and session halls during the trial.

In case of showing disrespect towards the court and violating the order at court the Mandaturi is authorized to execute the order of a judge about imposing the fine of 50-500 GEL, dismissing a person from the hall or arresting such person for the term up to 30 days.

The Mandaturi service is functioning at the Supreme Court of Georgia, at Tbilisi and Kutaisi appellate and city courts, also at eighteen district (city) courts and nine magistrate courts. It will also start functioning in all the courts of Georgia by the end of 2008.

sasamarTlos mandaturiCourt Mandaturi

VIII. sasamarTlo da sazogadoeba

sasamarTlo sistemis gamWvirvaloba, sajaroobis principis uzrunvelyofa da sazogadoebasTan urTierToba am reformis warmatebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani pirobaa. seriozuli nabiji gadaidga sasamarTlosa da sazogadoebas Soris gamWvirvale urTierTobis dasamyareblad da sasamarTloebSi spiker mosamarTlis instituti amoqmedda. msgavsi praqtika ukve damkvid--rebulia dasavleTis qveynebSi. spiker mosama--rTlis meSveobiT sasamarTlos aqvs saSualeba, sazogadoebas Tavisi pozicia gaacnos. spiker mosamarTlesTan dakavSireba uzenaesi sasamar--Tlos veb-gverdis meSveobiTac aris SesaZle--

beli: www.supremecourt.ge

garda amisa, dRiTidRe ixveweba sasamarTlosa da mediis urTierToba, rac sasamarTlosa da sazo-gadoebas Soris civilizebuli kontaqtis Camoya-libebiskenaa mimarTuli. Catarda araerTi tre-ningi, romlebzec sxvadasxva instanciis spiker-mosamarTleebi da mediis warmomadgenlebi erTo-blivad ganixilavdnen iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa sajaro gamosvla da prezentacia, efeqturi da damarwmunebeli komunikacia, sasamarTlosa da mas-medias Soris dialogis aucilebloba, sasa-marTlo Jurnalistika. gaimarTa imitirebuli sa-samarTlo procesebi, romlebzec Jurnalistebi gamodiodnen mosamarTleebis, advokatebis da bralmdeblis rolSi. aRniSnuli saxis treningebi mniSvnelovania mas-mediis informirebisTvis sa-mosamarTlo saqmianobis specifikis Sesaxeb, ris Sedegadac sazogadoebas miewodeba obieqturi informacia. amis erT-erTi dasturia is garemoe-bac, rom Jurnalistebma, mosamarTlis rolSi yofnisas, erTxmad aRiares sasamarTloSi mar-Tlwesrigis dacvis mxriv mandaturis mniSvnelo-vani roli mosamarTlis saqmianobasa da Sesabami-sad marTlmsajulebis Seuferxeblad ganxorcie-lebaSi.

VIII. THE COURT AND THE PUBLIC

Transparency and public relations of the judiciary system

and provision of the principle of publicity represent one of

the important conditions of the success of this reform. A

significant step has been made towards establishing the

transparent relationship between the court and the

society, and the institute of the Speaker Judge has been

activated at courts. Similar practice has already been

introduced in western countries. Through speaker judges

the court will have a chance to make its position known

to the society. It is also possible to contact speaker

judges on the web-site of the Supreme Court:

www.supremecourt.ge

Besides, the relationship of the court and the media is

improving day by day, which is directed to establishing a

civilized contact between the court and the public. Many

trainings have been conducted where the speaker-judges

of various instances and media representatives jointly

discussed the issues such as public speaking and

presentation, effective and persuasive communication,

necessity of the dialogue between the court and the

mass-media, judiciary journalism. There were mock-trials

where the journalists acted as judges, lawyers and

prosecutors. Such trainings are important for informing

the mass-media about the specifics of judicial activities,

which result in the delivery of unbiased information to the

public. One of its proofs is that the journalists, while

playing the role of judges unanimously recognized the

importance of court-martials in regards to keeping the

order at courts, also for ensuring the unimpeded

implementation of activities of judges and for

administration of justice.

38 39

spiker-mosamarTleebiswardgenaPresentation ofSpeaker Judges

spiker-mosamarTlisbrifingiBriefing ofSpeaker Judge

treningebze aseve mniSvnelovani yuradReba mieq-ca efeqturi komunikaciisa da kamerasTan ur-TierTobis unar-Cvevebis daxvewas da ganviTare-bas spiker mosamarTleebSi.

amJamad, sasamarTloebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb sa-zogadoebas intensiurad miewodeba informacia, rogorc spiker-mosamarTleebis, aseve sasamar-TloTa pressamsaxurebis mier. aseve moqmedebs satelevizio proeqti, romliTac Tavad sasamar-Tloebis mier gadaRebuli videomasala yovelk-vireulad gadis eTerSi. proeqti saSualebas aZlevs sazogadoebas miiRos informacia yvela im saintereso siaxlis Sesaxeb, romelic sasamar-Tlos ukavSirdeba da miznad isaxavs sazogadoe-bis cnobierebis amaRlebas sasamarTlo sistemaSi mimdinare procesebze, sazogadoebaSi samarTle-brivi qcevis wesebis Camoyalibebas da samarTle-brivi Segnebis ganviTarebas.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulis safuZvelze, SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom reformis ZiriTadi priori-tetebi - marTlmsajulebis Seuferxeblad gan-xorcielebisaTvis mandaturis samsaxuris Seqmna sasamarTlo sistemaSi wesrigis dacvis uzrun-velsayofad, sasamarTlosa da sazogadoebis So-ris urTierTobis gaumjobesebisTvis progresu-li proeqtebis ganxorcieleba da spiker-mosa-marTleebis institutis SemoReba, warmatebiT ganxorcielda.

The trainings also made special focus on acquiring and

refining the skills of effective communication and for

working with camera among speaker judges.

Currently the society is intensively provided with the

information about the activities of courts by speaker

judges and press-services of courts as well. There is also

a TV project where the video material, taped by the

courts themselves, is broadcasted every week. The

project enables the public get informed about all the

interesting novelties that is related to the court and aims

at raising awareness of the people regarding the

processes going on within the judiciary, also at

developing the judicial behavior among the society and

raising their legal awareness as well.

Based on all the above-mentioned it is possible to say

that the main priorities of the reform – creation of

Mandaturi service for ensuring the unimpeded

administration of justice and for keeping order within the

judiciary, implementation of progressive projects for

improving relationships between the court and the public,

and introduction of the institute of speaker-judges have

been implemented successfully.

40