slide bài giảng

7/30/2019 slide bi ging

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Ccu in

Ccu thy lc, kh nn

,


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PHN 1 I CNG V H


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Yu cu ca vic truyn nng lng

Cc chuy

n

ng c

b

n os n c c ng ruy n c

H thng in

H th ng thy lc H thng kh nn


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Sosnh cc h thng truyn lc

Cun dy solenoid

ng c in xoay chiu


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u v nhc im ca h thng khnn v th y lc

Kh nen u iem

Bao dng, sa cha, to chc ky thuat n gian, thuan tien. .

Kha nang qua tai ln cua ong c kh o tin cay kha cao t truc trac ky thuat Tuoi tho ln Tnh ong nhat nang lng gia cac c cau chap hanh va cac phan t chc

nang bao hieu, kiem tra, ieu khien nen lam viec trong moi trng de no, vabao am moi trng sach ve sinh.

Co kha nang truyen tai nang lng xa, bi v o nht ong hoc kh nen nho

va ton t at ap suat tren ng an t. Do trong lng cua cac phan t trong he thong ieu khien bang kh nen nho,

hn nakha nang gian n cua ap suat kh ln, nen truyen ong co the atc van toc rat cao.


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Kh nen Nhc iem

Thi gian ap ng cham so vi ien t

Kha nang lap trnh kem v cong kenh so vi ien t , ch .phc tap kem.

Kha nang tch hp he ieu khien phc tap va cong kenh.

Lc truyen tai trong thap. Dong kh nen thoat ra ng dan gay tieng on .


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Thuy lc u em

Truyen ong c cong suat cao va lc ln nh cac c cau tng oi n gian, hoatong vi o tin cay cao, oi hoi t ve cham soc, bao dng. ieu chnh c van toc lam viec tinh va khong cap nh cac thiet b ieu khien ky

ua so oa, e c en ong oa eo eu en am v ec oac c ng r n acho san.

Ket cau nho gon, noi ket gia cac thiet vi nhau de dang bang viec oi cho cac moi

noi ong. e en o c uyen ong quay cua ong c an c uyen ong n en cua c cau

chap hanh. Co kha nang giam khoi lng va kch thc nh chon ap suat thuy lc cao. Nh quan tnh nho cua bm va ong c thuy lc, nh tnh chu nen cua dau nen co the

ien.

De theo doi va quan sat bang ap ke, ngay ca nhng he mach phc tap. T ong hoa n gian dung cac phan t tieu chuan hoa. De e phong qua tai nh van an toan.


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Thuy lc Nhc iem

Mat mat trong ng ong dan va ro r ben trong cac phan t, lam giam hieusuat va pham vi ng dung.

Kho gi c van toc khong oi khi phu tai thay oi do tnh nen c cuadau va tnh an hoi cua ng ong dan.

Nhiet o va o nht thay oi lam anh hng en o chnh xac ieu khien. a nang ap tr n va t c p e t ong em nen o an t ay o

chng trnh lam viec.

Khi mi khi ong, nhiet o cua he thong cha on nh, van toc lam viec .


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PHAM VI NG DUNG CUA IEU KHIEN KH NEN THUY L

Mi trng chng chy n

Pham vi ng dung cua ieu khien thuy lc Cc h th ng yu c u lc l n chnh xc cao


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1 N = 1 kg.m/s2

p sua

1 Pascal = 1 N/m2

= 1kg m/s2

/m2

= 1kg/ms2

1 bar = 10 Pa = 1Kg/cm =1 at

K hieu lbf/in2 (psi); 1 bar = 14,5 psi


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Lu lng la van toc dong chay cua lu chat qua mot tiet dien

dong chay. n v thng dung la l/min

Q = v.A

Q lu lng cua dong chay

u y v Van toc trung bnh cua dong chay


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n v o ca cc i ln c bn Cong n v cua cong la Joule (J). 1 Joule la cong sinh ra di

tac ong cua lc 1 N e vat dch chuyen quang ng 1 m. 1 J =1Nm 1 J = 1 m2kg/s2

Cong c tnh theo cong thc:=

Trong o: F lc tac dung vao vat

L quang ng vat i c. n v cong suat la Watt 1 Watt la cong suat, trong thi gian 1 giay sinh ra nang lng 1 joule.

1 W = 1 m2kg/s3


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CUNG CAP VA X LY NGUONNANG L NG

San xuat kh nen

an p o nen

X ly nguon kh nen

uy c au ep Cung cap nang lng dau

X ly nguon dau


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San xuat kh nen

He thong ieu khien kh nen hoat ong da vao nguon cung cap kh nen,

nguon kh nay phai c san xuat thng xuyen vi lng the tch ay u vimot ap suat nhat nh thch hp cho nang lng he thong. May nen kh

May nen kh la may co nhiem vu thu hut khong kh, hi am, kh ot mot apsuat nhat nh va tao ra nguon lu chat co ap suat cao hn.

Cac loai may nen kh .vi nguyen ly hoat ong ta co:

May nen theo nguyen ly the tch: may nen pt tong, may nen canh gat. May nen tuoc bin la c dung cho cong suat rat ln va khong kinh te khi s

3 .

thiet cho ng dung ieu khien kh nen va hiem khi s dung.


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nguyen ly hoat ong. oi vi nguyen ly hoatong ta co: -May nen theo nguyen ly the tch: may nen pt

tong, may nen canh gat. -May nen tuoc bin la c dung cho cong suat

rat ln va khong kinh te khi s dung lu lng

. ap suat can thiet cho ng dung ieu khien khnen va hiem khi s dun .


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Ma nen kieu t ton

May nen pt tong la may nen pho bien nhat va co thecung cap nang suat en 500m3/phut. May nen 1 pt tongco the nen kh khoang 6 bar va ngoai le co the en 10bar; may nen kieu pt tong hai cap co the nen en 15 bar;3-4 cap len en 250 bar.

Lu lng cua may nen pt tong: Qv = V.n.v .10-3 [lt / phut] Trong o: - 3 n So vong quay cua ong c may nen [vong / phut] v Hieu suat nen [%]


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Nguyen ly hoat ong cua may nen kh kieu canh gat :

khong kh se c vao buong hut. Nh roto va stato at lech tam,

nen khi roto quay chieu sang phai, th khong kh vao buong nen. Sauo kh nen se i ra buong ay.

Qv = (.D z.a).2.e.b.n. [m3/phut] Trong o: a - Chieu da canh at m e o lech tam [m]; z So canh gat; D ng knh stato [m];

n So vong quay roto [vong/phut]; b Chieu rong canh gat [m]. Hieu suat ( =0,7 0,8);


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He thong phan phoi kh nen co nhiem vu chuyen khong kh nen t

n san xuat en n t eu t u, am ao ap suat p va u ng va

chat lng kh nen cho cac thiet b lam viec, v du nh van, ongc kh, xy lanh kh

kh nen, chu y oi vi he thong ong dan kh co the la mang ngong c lap rap co nh (trong toan nha may) va mang ng

ong lap rap trong tng thiet b, trong tng may oi vi he thong phan phoi kh nen ngoai tieu chuan chon may

nen kh hp l, tieu chuan chon ung cac thong so cua he thongong dan ( ng knh ong, vat lieu ong); cach lap at he thong ,

trong ve phng dien kinh te cung nh yeu cau ky thuat cho hethong ieu khien kh nen.


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Bnh trch cha kh nen co nhiem vu can ban

ap suat kh nen cua may nen kh chuyen en,trch cha, ngng tu va tach nc trc khi

. Kch thc cua bnh trch cha phu thuoc vao

cong suat cua may nen kh, cong suat tieu thucua cac thiet b s dung vaphng phap s dungkh nen.

,nam ng. ng ong ra cua kh nen bao gicung nam v tr cao nhat cua bnh trch cha .


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Bnh nhan va trch kh nen


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ng ong ng ong dan kh nen co ng knh trong vai milimet tr len. Chung

c lam bang cac vat lieu cao su, nha hoac kim loai. Thong so c ban kch thc ong (ng knh ben trong) phu thuoc vao:van toc don cha cho he ton that a suat cho he a suat lam viecchieu dai ong, lu lng, he so can tr dong chay va cac phu kien noiong. Lu lng: phu thuoc vao van toc dong chay (Q=v.F). Van toc dong chay

can ln ton that a suat tron on can ln. - Van toc dong chay: van toc dong chay cua kh nen trong ong dan nen chon

la t 6 10 m/s. Van toc cua dong chay khi qua cac cho ln cua cua onghoac noi ong, van, nhng ni co tiet dien nho lai se tang len, hay van tocdong chay se tang len nhat thi khi cac thiet b hay may moc ang van hanh.

- Ton that ap suat: tot nhat khong vt qua 0.1 bar. Thc te sai so cho phepen 5% ap suat lam viec. Nh vay ton that ap suat la 0.3 bar la chap nhanc vi ap suat lam viec la 6 bar.

- He so can dong chay: khi lu lng kh i qua cac cho noi khp, van, khuccong se gay ra hien tng can dong chay.


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Kh nen c tao ra t may nen kh co cha nhieu

chat ban, o ban co the cac mc o khac nhau. Chat

ban co the la bui, o am cua khong kh hut vao, nhngcan ba cua dau boi trn va tru en on c kh. Hnna trong qua trnh nen nhiet o cua kh nen tang len,co the gay ra oxy hoa mot so phan t cua he thong.

Do o viec x l kh nen can hai thc hien bat buoc.Kh nen khong c x ly thch hp se gay h honghoac gay tr ngai tnh lam viec cua cac phan t khnen. ac biet s dun kh nen tron he thon ieu

khien oi hoi chat lng kh nen rat cao. Mc o x lykh nen tuy thuoc vao tng phng phap x ly. Trongthc te n i ta thn dun bo loc e x l kh nen


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Bo loc kh co 3 phan t: van loc, van ieu

chnh ap suat va van tra dau.


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Van loc kh la lam sach

cac chat ban va ngng tuhi nc cha trong no. nen se ao c uyen

ong xoan khi qua la xoankim loai, sau o qua phan

t loc, cac chat ban ctach ra va bam vao mangloc, cung vi nhng phant nc c e lai nam .

yeu cau chat lng cua khnen ma chon phan t loc.o ln cua phan t loc nen

c on m m.


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Van ieu chnh ap suat: nhiem vu cua van ap suat la on nh ap

suat ieu chnh, mac du co s thay oi bat thng cua ap suat lamviec ng ra hoac s dao ong cua ap suat au vao. Ap suat

Van ieu chnh ap c ieu chnh bang vt ieu chnh tac onglen mang kn. Pha tren cua mang chu tac dung cua ap suat au

ra, pha di chu tac dung cua lc lo xo sinh ra do vt ieu chnh.Bat ky s tang ap au tieu thu gay cho mang kn dch chuyenchong lai lc can cua lo xo v vay han che dong kh i qua miengvan cho ti luc co the ong sat. Khi kh nen c tieu thu, ap suat , .

ngan chan a van dao ong chap chn phai dung en lo xo cangan tren a van.


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Van tra dau: c

s dung am bao

cung cap boi trncho cac thiet b rong e ong eu

khien kh nen nhamgiam ma sat, s an


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Cung cap nang lng dau ep Trong he thong ieu khien thuy lc nguon nang lng c dunge he hoat ong la dau ep. e cung cap nang lng cho he thong

eu en ng s ung e m au. Bm dau la mot phan t quan trong nhat cua he thong ieu khien

thuy lc, dung e bien c nang thanh nang lng cua dau. Nhng

Lu lng cua bm ve ly thuyet khong phu thuoc vao ap suat (trbm ly tam), ma ch phu thuoc vao kch thc hnh hoc va van tocquay cua no. Nhng trong thc te do s ro r qua khe h gia

oang ut va oang ay, g a oang ay v en ngoa nenlu lng thc te cua bm nho hn lu lng ly ly thuyet va giamdan khi ap suat tang.


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B b h


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Bm banh rang

thay oi the tch: khi the tch cua buong hut , , va khi the tch giam, bm ay dau ra buong

, .cua dau ta at mot vat can th dau se b chan

vao o ln cua sc can va ket cau cua bm.

Bm banh rang


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Bm banh rang


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Bm canh at c dun ron rai hn bm banh ran do on

nh ve lu lng, hieu suat the tch cao hn.

Lu lng bm co the thay oi bang cach thay oi o lechtam.


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nhieu canh c tnh theo cong thc:


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vi bm canh gat va banh rang, bi vay bm thuy lc lam viec ap suat cao. Phu thuoc

,phan biet chung thanh bm hng knh va

.


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Bm dau pt tong hng knh co cac pt tong chuyen .

vao so pt tong ta co lu lng khac nhau


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Bm pt tong hng truc laloai bm co cac pt tong atsong song v truc roto vac truyen bang khp noi

vi truc quay cua ong cien . Bm pt tong hngtruc co u iem la kch thcnho gon va hau het eu chnhlu c nh ieu chnh gocnghien cua ket cau a nghien trong bm.


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Nhiem vu Cung cap dau cho he thong lam viec theo chu trnh kn ( cap va nhan dau

chay ve). Giai toa nhiet sinh ra tron ua trnh bm dau lam viec.

Lang ong cac chat can ba, d ban trong qua trnh lam viec.

Tach nc.

on c c e au


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Ket cau cua be dau Khi ong c (1) co ien,

m au am v ec, auc hut len qua qua ong

hut (15) cap cho he thongieu khien qua ca ap (5), au xa c c o ve a

thung (11) qua ca (8) quabo loc (16).

Dau thng c o vao ung qua mo c a(10) bo tr tren nap be locva co the kiem tra mcdau at yeu cau nh mat .

Quan sat ap suat cua bonguon dau bang ong hoap suat (7). Gia tr ap suat

ieu chnh bang van antoan ap suat (6).


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Tron ua trnh lam viec khon tranh khoi dau b ban

do cac chat ban c tao ra t ben ngoai hay ban than

cua no. Nhng chat ban nay a gay ra hien tng ket ,

ln en s on nh hoat ong cua he thong va h

hong. Do o trong he thong dau ep ta thng gan cacbo loc dau e ngan nga chat ban tham nhap vao bentrong cac c cau, phan t dau ep.

.

hp can dau sach hn, at them mot bo na ca racua bm, va mot ong xa cua he thong dau ep.


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Lu ln cha ua bo loc dau ta dun con thc tnh lu

lng qua li loc:


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Mot so cach lap bo loc dau trong he thong


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Gii thiu:

Bn tc p mt n c a m vic trn nguyn t c nn p su t, ngtch tr nng lng thy lc v cung cp nng lng cho h thy lc khi cn

thit. Chc nng

Bnh tch p l cc u dng trong cc h truy n dn thy lc i u ha nnglng thng qua p sut v lu lng ca cht lng lm vic. Cc chc nng cbn ca bnh tch p l: n nh p sut h thy lc, bo v my bm khicc s c, tng tui th my bm, gim xut hin va p thy lc khi ngt ti.

Phn loi Theo nguyn l to ra ti, bnh trch thy lc c chia thnh ba loi.

Bnh tch p dng ti trng (a) Bnh tch p dng thy kh (c)

K hiu


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CAC THANH PHAN CUA HE THONG


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Phan t ieu khien

Phan t x ly tn hieu

Phan t a tn hieu

Cau truc mach ieu khien va cac phant


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PHAN T A TN HIEU VA X LY


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T N HIEU IEU KHIEN

Cac phan t a tn hieuNut nhan

Gii han hanh trnh

Cam bien

PHAN T A TN HIEU VA X LY


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Phan t YES

Phan t AND

Phan t OR Phan t NAND

Phan t NOR

Phan t Flip-Flop Phan t thi gian


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gii han hanh trnh cong tac

rle

bo nh thi

cac cam bien.


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Cam bien t trng


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Cam bien ban tia (ch co oi vi kh nen, khon sdung trong thuy lc)

Cam bien bang tia la loai cam bien khong tiep xuc.N u en tac lam viec ch oi vi tn hieu vao la don tiakh nen. Cam bien bang tia c ng dung cac lnh vcma cam bien khong tiep xuc bang ien khong am nhanc trong ieu kien moi trng lam viec khac khe:

nong, co an mon oa oc, am , an ng en r ng,an toan cao, Vi cam bien bang tia kh nen th tn hieu ra (sau khi cam

.

khuech ai tn hieu trc khi a vao x ly ieu khien,thng ta dung en bo khuech ai bang kh nen e .


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Phan t YES


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Phan t OR

Ph AND


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Phan t AND


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Phan t NAND


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Phan t NOR


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-

Ph t h Fli Fl


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Phan t nh Flip-Flop


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ong c ong c canh gat

Xy lanh

Xy lanh quay

Xy lanh


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Xy lanh co nhiem vu bien oi nang lng the nang hay ong nangcua u c at t an nang ng c oc c uyen ong t ang oacchuyen ong quay( goc quay


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Xy lanh tac dung nAp lc tac ong vao xy lanh n ch mot pha, pha ngclai la do lo xo tac ong hoac la ngoai lc tac ong


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Xy lanh mang co hanh trnh dch chuyen ln nhat (hmax

= 80) , to (ieu khien thang, li hp), trong cong nghiep hoa chat(ong m van).

xy lanh mang ch c s dung trong ieu khien kh nen.


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Ap lc tac ong vao xy lanh kep theo hai pha


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Xy lanh


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Xy lanh quay co kha nang tao momen quay rat ln. Gocquay phu thuoc vao so canh gat cua truc. oi vi xy lanh comot canh gat, goc quay co the at 270 2800


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MOT SO XY LANH AC BIET


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MOT SO XY LANH AC BIET.y an ong

Xy lanh long la mot loai

xy lanh lc gom nhieu xylanh va pt tong long ongtam vi nhau. Khoangchay cua xy lanh long labang tong khoang chaycua cac pt tong.

Xy lanh c s dungtrong cac trng hp cankhoang chay ln nhngkhon ian khon chophep lap at mot xy lanh

dai.


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.

CAC PHAN T

IEU KHIEN - IEU H NH


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CAC PHAN T

- Van tran


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Van tranNguyen tac hoat ong cua van tran tng t nh van an toan.

Ch khac cho khi ap suat ca P at en gia tr xac nh, thca no v ca , no v e t ong eu en

CAC PHAN T

-


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CAC PHAN T -


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.

CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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tay.

CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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Van t l- Cc vn chung

- N u n l cbn v cc c tnh

- ng dng

CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -

Cu to:


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Cu to:

-- Ball Valve (van bi): dng ng, m.

Globe valve (van cu): dng iu chnh lu lng.

chy, c bit dng i vi ng size ln.Gate Valve (van ca): ch yu dng ng, m.

-- in- Kh nn, thy lc

CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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CAC PHAN T -


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ng c mt chiu


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- ng cmt chiu

- ng cxoay chi u khng ng b

- ng cxoay chiu ng b

- ng cbc


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