�ivnisi

SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis gazeTi #6.ivnisi, 2012.

aWaris mTavrobis Tavmjdomare levan varSalomiZe da ganaTlebis, kulturisa da sportis ministri gia abulaZe baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis studen-tebs Sexvdnen da axali da mimdin-are miznobrivi programebi gaacnes. aWaris mTavrobis dafinansebiT stu-dentebis daxmarebis miznobrivi programa Seiqmna, romelic umaR-lesi ganaTlebis pirveli safexuris akreditebul umaRles saganmanaTle-blo programebze Caricxuli stu-dentebis swavlis safasuris dafar-vas iTvaliswinebs. mravalwliani programa axali saswavlo wlidan amoqmeddeba da masSi monawileobis miReba SeuZliaT aWaris maRalmTian raionebSi mcxovreb studentebs, obo-lebs, mravalSviliani da socialu-rad daucveli ojaxis wevrebs. aWaris ganaTlebis, kulturisa da sportis saministrom turizmis ganaTlebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis miznobrivi programa SeimuSava, romelic miznad isaxavs saganmanaTleblo turizmis sabazro kvlevis Sedegebze dayrdno-biT turizmis ganaTlebis reformas, saganmanaTleblo programebis saer-TaSoriso standartebTan Sesabamiso-baSi moyvanas.

aWaris a. r. ganaTlebis, kulturisa da sportis saministro aWaris mTavro-bis dafinansebiT 2006 wlidan axorcie-lebs ucxoeTSi staJirebis miznobriv programas, romelic emyareba evropis regionTa asambleis gacvliT programas `evroodisea~. staJireba xorcieldeba evropis 8 qveyanaSi: safrangeTi, espa-neTi, belgia, Sveicaria, portugalia, germania, italia da avstria. program-aSi monawileoba SeuZlia umaRlesi an profesiuli ganaTlebis mqone 18-dan 30-wlamde axalgazrdas. programis farglebSi staJireba sul 80-ze metma moqalaqem gaiara. 2012 wels aWaris mTavrobam aRniSnuli programa dafi-nansa 40 000 lariT da staJirebas 15 axalgazrda gaivlis.

2011 wels aWaris mTavrobis ini-ciativiT Seiqmna ,,ganaTlebis fondi~, sadac ucxo enebis Seswavla SeuZlia aWaraSi mcxovreb nebismier moqalaqes 18 wlis asakidan. 2012 wels regionis municipalitetebSi arsebul ganaTlebis fondis filialebSi gaixsna kompiuter-is Semswavleli ufaso kursebi.

2012 wels studentebisa da ucxoeT-Si swavlis msurvelTaTvis daiwyo 130 qveyanis 8 500 umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi aRiarebuli TOEFLOEFL-is Semswavleli ufaso kursebi.

aWaris mTavrobis Tavmjdomare levan varSalomiZe

da ganaTlebis, kulturisa da sportis ministri

gia abulaZe studentebs Sexvdnen

27 ivniss baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetma 77-e kurs-damTavrebulebi sazeimod gaacila. universitetis istoriaSi pirvelad, warCinebul kursdamTavrebulebs man-tiebi moarges, romlebsac samaxsovro sigelebi da saCuqrebi universitetis reqtorma, profesorma alioSa ba-kuriZem gadasca.

kursdamTavrebulebs gza daulo-ca universitetis reqtorma, alioSa bakuriZem, umaRlesi sabWom Tavm-jdomarem mixeil maxaraZem, aWaris ganaTlebis, kulturisa da spor-tis ministrma gia abulaZem, baTumis merma robert CxaiZem da RRes ukve warmatebulma kursdaTavrebulebma. 2012 wlis kursdamTavrebulebis saxeliT mSobliur universitets da profesor-maswavleblebs madloba gadauxada nino nakaSiZem da mis pri-oritetebze isaubra. kursdamTavre-bulebis gacilebas abiturientebic stumrobdnen, romlebmac upirateso-ba baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelm-wifo universitets mianiWes.

oficialuri nawilis dasrulebis Semedeg ukve yofilma studentebma caSi manaTobeli franebi gauSves. iyo sazeimo foierverkic. saRamos Jurnalisti neli agirba uZRveboda. RonisZiebis kulminacia jguf `mgza-vrebis~ koncerti gaxda, romelmac gvian Ramemde gastana.

Turme yofilan qveyanaze adami-anebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT studen-tebis gulis gaTboba da sasikeTo saqmeebis keTeba, RmerTma gvimrav-los aseTi leqtorebi, ufali iyos maTi Semwe.

dawyebiTi ganaTlebis III kursi Za-lian did madlobas gixdiT oc-nebis axdenisTvis. es dReebi mTe-li cxovrebis manZilze dauviwyari iqneba CvenTvis.

gv. 5

gaius svetonius trankvilusis ”Tormeti keisris cxovrebis” Targ-mani, romlis prezentaciac Sedga, originalidan, laTinuri enida-naa Sesrulebuli, rac kidev ufro mniSvnelovans xdis am gamocemas. mTargmnelma aRniSna, rom teqstis qarTul enaze Targmna dasrule-bulia da male darCenili nawilic gamoqveyndeba.

gv. 3

`universitetis biologiis de-partamentis TanamSromlebi CvenTan xSirad modian skolaSi, gvikiTx-aven leqciebs CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxebze, gvacnoben fakultetis saqmianobas, mniSvnelobas. am urT-ierTobis CamoyalibebaSi didi wv-lili miuZRvis fakultetis dekans marina qoriZes, biologiis depa-tamentis xelmZRvanels daviT bara-TaSvils, fakultetis sabunebism-etyvelo mimarTulebis studentTa biomravalferovnebis klubis xelmZ-Rvanels eTer jayels, risTvisac Tqveni gazeTis saSualebiT maT mad-loba minda gadavuxado~.

gv. 4

gv. 6

sabamisad) warmatebiT daicva dis-ertacia Temaze++ _ ,,regionuli sa-investicio procesebis regulirebis safinanso-ekonomikuri meqanizmi” da mieniWa biznesis marTvis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxi. cnobilma mec-nierebma givi gamsaxurdiam, eTer xaraiSvilma, asiko cincaZem (Semfase-blebi) mis naSroms maRali Sefaseba misces. sadisertacio komisiis yvela wevris mxardaWerac erTsulovani iyo, risi dasturic maRali Sefaseba gaxldaT.

saaqto darbazSi baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universite-tis studentebisaTvis Speak Up in Geor-gia-s programis wardgineba gaimarTa. inglisuri enisa da lideris unar-Cvevebis ganmaviTarebeli orTviani kursi mTeli qveynis masStabiT saqa-rTvelos sportisa da axalgazrdo-bis saqmeTa saministros dafinanse-biT xorcieldeba. saswavlo programa iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs moicavs, rogoricaa sajaro gamosvla, rezi-umes wera/interviuebi, inglisuri enis swavlebis efeqturi gzebi, brendingis xelovneba, lideroba axalgazrdebSi. programis monawileebi konkursis wesiT SeirCevian, damatebiTi infor-macia gamoqveyndeba veb-gverdze.

Speak Up GeorGia-s

programis wardgineba

ramin cinariZe pirveli doqtoran-tia, romelmac baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis akademiuri sabWos mier damtkicebuli sadisertacio debulebiT (axali moTxovnebis Se-

vulocavT

kursdamTavrebulebis

gacileba

� ivnisi

Savi zRvis regionis qveynebis sasaz-Rvro TanamSromlobis Temaze baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo univer-sitetis, saqarTvelos politikis in-stitutisa da qalaq venis meriis or-ganizebiT saerTaSoriso sazafxulo

skola gaixsna. qarTveli, ukraineli, Turqi, somexi, azerbaijaneli, rusi studentebi oTxi dRis ganmavlobaSi iseT sakiTxebs ganixilaven, rogori-caa Savi zRvis qveynebis politika da swori mmarTveloba, mosazRvre qveynebis TanamSromloba evrokavSir-Tan da mmarTveloba evropis „axali mmarTvelobis“ modelze. axalgaz-rdebi aseve imsjeleben sazRvrebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis mogvareba-ze, konfliqtis gadaWris saSualebe-bze, konfliqtis mqone sazogadoebaSi masmediisa da adamianis uflebebis dacvaze. sazafxulo skola miznad isaxavs politikuri analizis xarisxis gaumjobesebas Savi zRvis qveynebTan urTierTobis ganviTarebis Tvalsaz-risiT, akademiuri diskusiis xelSewy-obasa da kooperatiuli qselis Seqmnas samoqalaqo sazogadoebas da axalgaz-rda profesionalebs Soris.

sazafulo skola - Savi zRvis regionis qveynebis

sasazRvro TanamSromloba

saqarTvelos respublikis pirveli prezidentis vaJma rejeb Jordaniam sajaro leqcia waikiTxa Temaze: `saqa-rTvelos pirveli respublika, saqarT-velos respublikis memkvidreoba da dRevandeloba~. rejeb Jordania stu-dentebsa da profesor-maswavleblebs 1918-21 wlebis periodze esaubra, qveynis damoukideblobis aRdgenasa da dakargvasTan dakavSirebuli istori-uli movlenebi gaacno da studentebis SekiTxvebs upasuxa. noe Jordanias Svili daibada da gaizarda parizSi. politikur mecnierebaTa skolis stu-denti da ielis universitetis kurs-damTavrebuli, cxovrebis sxvadasxva periodSi iyo harimanis institutis miwveuli mecnieri, profesionali pianisti, kompozitori, mwerali, saz-

Rvao istoriis profesori, sazRvao muzeumis direqtori, ucxouri enebis saxelmZRvaneloebis avtori da redaq-tori. 91 wlis rejeb Jordania uni-versitets meuRlesTan da qaliSvilT-an erTad ewvia.

saqarTvelos respublikis pirveli prezidentis vaJma

rejeb Jordaniam sajaro leqcia waikiTxa

akademiuri sabWos gadawyvetile-biT, norvegiis telemarkis univer-sitetis xelovnebisa da mecnierebaTa fakultetis profesors Teimuraz

abesaZes baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis ganviTare-baSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis sapatio doqtoris wodeba mieniWa. qarTveli mecnieris xelSewyobiT turizmis fakulteti axorcielebs saerTaSor-iso proeqts ,,norvegiaSi, saqarT-veloSi da yirgizeTSi mdgradi tur-izmis ganviTarebisa da inovaciebis sferoSi ganaTleba~. proeqti iTval-iswinebs erToblivi saganmanaTleblo, samecniero proeqtebis amoqmedebas da profesor-maswavleblebis staJirebas. turizmis fakultetis studentebi gacvliTi programebis farglebSi agvistoSi telemarkis universitet-Si gaemgzavrebian. aseve SemuSavdeba kurikulimi inovaciebisa da same-warmeo swavlebis sferoSi. profe-sor Teimuraz abesaZis xelSewyobiT mimdinareobs inovaciuri da mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebis sakiTxebis kv-leva.

profesor Teimuraz abesaZes

sapatio doqtoris wodeba mieniWa

dafuZnda skolisa da baTumis SoTa rusTavelisa saxelmwifo universitetis TanamSromlobis klubi ,,skola-univer-siteti~. klubi zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisa da umaRlesi saswav-leblis daaxloebas, samecniero muS-aobis swavlebas, SemecnebiTi RonisZie-bebis organizebas, saganmanaTleblo proeqtebis momzadebas, kulturuli RonisieZebebis Catarebasa da niWieri ax-algazrdebis gamovlenas isaxavs miznad. TanamSromloba xels Seuwyobs sagan-manaTleblo sivrceSi reformirebis process, gaaRrmavebs studentTa praq-tikul gamocdilebas da gazrdis mas-wavlebelTa sertificirebis xarisxs. TanamSromlobis klubi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakultetis organize-biT Seiqmna da masSi gawevrianeba yvela

msurvels SeeZleba. ,,skola-universite-tis~ prezentacia kerZo skolis „nikes“ moswavleebis mier momzadebuli Teat-ralizebuli warmodgeniT - `vah, dro-ni, droni!~ dasrulda.

TanamSromlobis klubi ,,skola-universiteti”~ dafuZnda

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelm-wifo universitetis reqtorma alioSa bakuriZem, baTumis saxelmwifo sazRvao akademiis reqtoris movaleobis Sems-rulebelma irakli SarabiZem, baTumis

xelovnebis saswavlo universitetis reqtorma ermile mesxiam da baTumis navigaciis saswavlo universitetis reqtorma parmen xvedeliZem TanamS-romlobis memorandums moaweres xeli. xelSekrulebis farglebSi ganxor-cieldeba erToblivi saganmanaTleblo programebi da samecniero proeqtebi, Catardeba konferenciebi, simpoziume-bi, seminarebi da sazafxulo skolebi. memorandumi aseve iTvaliswinebs pro-fesor-maswavleblebisa da studentebis urTierTgacvlas, bakalavriatisa da magistraturis saswavlo programebis SemuSavebas, kurikulumebisa da zoga-dsauniversiteto modulebis Sedgenas, biblioTekiT sargeblobas. mxareebi izruneben sagranto programebis moZie-basa da ganxorcielebaze.

memorandumi baTumis umaRles saganmanaTleblo

dawesebulebebTan

garemos dacvis saerTaSoriso dRes mieZRvna ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakultetis biologiis specialobis studentTa vorq-Sopi Temaze: `Cveni garemo Cvens xelSia~. RonisZiebaSi momaval biologebTan erTad War-nalis sajaro skolis moswavleebi monawileobdnen. axalgazrdebma mox-senebebi garemosdacvis problemebze, zRvispira aWaris iSviaT mcenareebze, cxovrlebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis biomravalferovnebis sakiTxe-bze warmoadgines. vorq-Sopi biolo-giis departamentis, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakultetis studentTa

biomravalferovnebis klubisa da studentTa TviTmmarTvelobis orga-nizebiT gaimarTa.

garemos dacvis saerTaSoriso dRe aRiniSna

cnobili Svedi diplomatisa da sazogado moRvawis raul valenber-gis xsovnis saRamo gaimarTa. Sedga Svedi gmirisadmi miZRvnili dokumen-turi filmis Cveneba da gaixsna mis-

ive cxovrebis amsaxveli posterebis gamofena. ungreTis respublikis sa-gangebo da sruluflebianma elCma sandor szaborma, baTumis vice-merma naTia surgulaZem da aWaris qarTul-ebrauli asociaciis xelmZRvanelma erik krupnikma gmiris cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaze isaubres. ungreTis saelCos da aWaris qarTul-ebraul asociaciis organizebuli saRamos monawileebma pativi miages Svedi di-plomatis xsovnas da gmiris suraTTan sanTlebi daanTes. raul valenbergma meore msoflio omis dros Sveduri pasportebis gacemiTa da TavSesaf-rebis - „Sveduri saxlebis“ saSuale-biT aTiaTasobiT ebraeli sikvdils gadaarCina. RonisZiebas universitetis studentebi, profesor-maswavleblebi, diplomatiuri korpusisa da sazoga-deobis warmomadgenlebi.

raul valenbergisadmi miZRvnili saRamo gaimarTa

germaniis ekonomikuri TanamSrom-lobisa da ganviTarebis ministri dirk nibeli delegaciis wevrebTan erTad baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitets ewvia. stumari umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis req-toris moadgileebs, administraciis xelmZRvanelsa da treningis„`turizmi mediebSi~ monawile studentebs Sexvda. ministri media-treningis muSaobis Sedegebs gaecno da proeqtis farg-lebSi turizmis Tematikaze momzade-buli reportaJi Seafasa. xuTdRiani swavleba ,,doiCe veles~“akademiis or-ganizebiT Catarda da iii III saerTaSor-

iso samecniero-praqtikul konferen-cias ,,mdgradi turizmi: ekonomika da biznesi~ eZRvneboda.

universitets germaniis ekonomikuri

TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis ministri ewvia

sapasuxo vizitiT universitetis reqtori, profesori alioSa bakuriZe iulixis samecniero centrsa da liub-lianas universitets ewvia. xuTi dRis ganmavlobaSi umaRlesi saswavleblis pirveli piri sloveniis umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis req-tors, sagareo urTierTobaTa depar-tamentis, farmaciis fakultetisa da germaniis sxvadasxva kvleviTi insti-tutis warmomdgenlebs Sexvda. 13-17 agvistos baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetSi iulix-is samecniero centris organizebiT sabunebismetyvelo, sainJinro, agra-ruli mecnierebebis aTi mimarTule-biT sazafxulo skola gaimarTeba, romelSic monawileobis miReba stu-dentebTan erTad profesor-maswavle-blebsac SeeZlebaT. germaniis kvleviT

centrTan samomavlo TanamSromloba memorandumiT ganisazRvreba, romelsac zafxulSi moewereba xeli. 2012-2013 saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi qimiis spe-cialobis magistranti liublianas universitetSi gaemgzavreba saswavlo kursis gasavlelad.

reqtoris sapasuxo viziti germaniasa da sloveniaSi

�ivnisi

20 ivniss SoTa rusTavelis sax-elmwifo universitetis ilia WavWava-Zis sakonferencio darbazSi (aud. # 55), leqsikografiis ii saerTaSoriso simpoziumis farglebSi, gaimarTa gaius svetonius trankvilusis `Tor-

meti keisris cxovrebis~ (profesor ma-rina giorgaZis mier laTinuri enidan Sesrulebuli Targmanis) prezentacia. mTargmneli svetoniusis teqstis Targ-manze 1982 wlidan muSaobda. teqstis nawili, neronis cxovreba gamoica 2009 wels antikuri literaturis anTolo-giis iii tomSi, 2011 wels ki `saojaxo biblioTekis~ (qarTuli biografiuli centri) seriiT, `100 wigni - adami-anebi, romelTac Secvales samyaro~, daibeWda keisrebis (iuliusi, avgus-tusi, tiberiusi, kaligula, klavdiu-si, neroni) cxovreba. Targmanebs spe-cialistebisa da mkiTxvelTa dadebiTi gamoxmaureba mohyva.

gaius svetonius trankvilusi gamoCenili romaeli istorikosia, an-tikuri epoqis biografebSi gamorCeu-li Tavisi weris stiliTa da maneriT. Mmisi cxovrebis Sesaxeb bevri araferia cnobili, dabadebis da gardacvalebis zusti TariRebic ucnobia. mwerali, romelmac keisrebis cxovebis detale-bi Semogvinaxa, Tavisi Tavis Sesaxeb TiTqmis arafers gvacnobs.

xelnawerebis mixedviT, misi sa¬xelia gaius svetonius trankvilu-si. mkvlevrebi mis dabadebis TariRad daaxloebiT Zveli welTaRricxvis Is-aukunis 70-ian wlebis da¬sawyiss asax-eleben (T. momzeni, m. mase). varaudoben, rom igi romSi daibada da aqve cxov-robda ojaxTan erTad. misi winaprebi mxedarTa wridan unda yofiliyvnen.

karieris TvalsazrisiT svetoniusis win svla imperatorebis _ traianesa da adrianes epoqas ukavSirdeba: traianes dros igi `mecnierebis mdivani~ gax-da, Semdeg saimperatoro biblioTekis direqtori, adrianem ki imperatoris karis mniSvnelovan Tanamdebobaze _ laTinurenovani mimoweris mdivnad (ab epistulis Latinis) daniSna. imperatoris kancelariaSi muSaobam, imperatoris arqivebis xelmisawvdomobam didi sam-saxuri gauwia svetoniuss samwerlo saqmianobaSi, gansakuTrebiT daexmara keisrebis cxovrebis aRwerisas.

mkvlevrebi svetoniusis `Tormeti keisris cxovrebis~ Seqmnis TariRad Zv. w. 119_122 wlebs asaxeleben. 122 wli-dan svetoniusma imperatoris wyalo-bac dakarga da Tanamdebobac; mizezi, savaraudod, imperatoris karis in-trigebi iyo: mas adrianes colTan, sa-binasTan axlo urTierTobaSi dasdes brali.

am faqtis Semdeg svetoniusis cxovrebaze cnobebi ar mogvepoveba, magram 122 wlis Semdeg dawerili misi Txzulebebis raodenobis gaTval-iswinebiT, mkvlevrebi fiqroben, rom mas kidev ramdenime aTeuli weli mainc unda ecocxla, amitom varaudoben, rom svetoniusi daaxloebiT 130-160 wlebs Soris unda gardacvliliyo.

svetoniusi cnobili iyo, rogorc bevri saintereso Txzulebis avtori. amas Cvenamde moRweuli fragmentebi da citatebi mowmobs. Bbizantiur encik-lopediur leqsikonSi (`svida~) sve-toniusis rva Txzulebaa CamoTvlili. maTgan Cvenamde mxolod orma moaRwia, esenia: `gramatikos¬TadaritorTa Ses-axeb~ (traianes dros dawerili Tx-zuleba `gamoCenil kacTa Sesaxeb~) da

`Tormeti keisris cxovreba~. swored es ukanaskneli iTvleba misi Semoq-medebis mwvervalad.

svetoniusis `Tormeti keisris cxovreba~ pirveli Tormeti keisris cxovrebas asaxavs. teqsti Cvenamde

arasruli saxiTaa moRweuli. iulius keisris cxovrebis pirveli Tavebi dakargulia, ker-Zod, Sesavali, miZRvna septicius klarusisadmi, av-toriseuli sa-Tauri, keisris genealogia. teqs-tis Cvenamde moR-weuli uZvelesi xelnawerebi IX saukuniT TariRd-eba. xelnawerebSi teqsti sxvadasx-vagvaradaa dasa-Taurebuli. zogi versiiT svetoni-

usma Txzuleba 8 wignad da hyo, maT-gan eqvsi wigni pirveli eqvsi keisris cxovrebas asaxavs, dawyebuli iuliusi-dan, klavdiusis biografiis CaTvliT; meSvide da merve wigni ki momdevno sam-sami keisris cxovrebas asaxavs.

svetoniusis mizani, sxva istor-ikosebisagan gansxvavebiT, istoriaSi keisrebis gansakuTrebuli rolis war-moCena iyo. svetoniusi CamoTvlis da ganmartavs maT saxelebsa da metsaxe-lebs, mogviTxrobs keisrebis warmomav-lobaze, ojaxze, dabadebaze, cxovrebis sxvadasxva periodze, karieris etape-bze, samxedro operaciebze, gatarebul reformebsa da, bolos, gardacvale-baze; gansakuTrebul yuradRebas amax-vilebs maT xasiaTsa da zne-Cveule-bebze, adamianur sisusteebze, yovel-dRiur cxovrebi-seul wvrilmanebze, rac biografis wy-aroTa siuxvesa da mravalferovnebaze miuTiTebs. Tavis TxzulebaSi sve-toniusi, antikuri tradiciis gaT-valiswinebiT, aer-Tianebs rogorc saistorio, aseve biografiuli Jan-ris elementebsa da Tavisebure-bebs. erTis mxriv, qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT gadmogvcems impera-torTa cxovrebas, meore mxriv, calkeul imeratorTa cxovrebis aRwerisas, garkveul wilad, ugulebelyofs qronologias, koncen-trirebulia imperatorTa xasiaTsa da Sinagan samyaroze da am niSniT ajgufebs maTi cxovrebis sxvadasxva pe-riodis epizodebs. svetonusis biogra-fiaTa sqema garkveuli rubrikebisagan Sedgeba: jer aRwers keisris cxovrebas dabadebidan umaRlesi Zalauflebis mopovebamde, Semdeg detalurad aRw-ers mis xasiaTs, pirad cxovrebas, bo-los ki, sicocxlis bolo wuTebsa da sikvdilis garemoebebs. svetoniusisT-vis mniSvnelovania keisrebi da maTi cxovreba, misTvis ar arsebobs meo-rexarisxovani detalebi, istoriuli faqtebi da movlenebi mas ainteresebs imdenad, ramdenadac am procesebSi mJRavndeba keisarTa pirovnuli Tvise-bebi. epoqis sxva istoriul pirovne-bebs nakleb yuradRebas aqcevs, im-denad, rom avgustusis biografiaSi TiTqmis ar axsenebs mecenats, neronis biografiaSi ki arafers ambobs seneka-ze. marTebulad da gonebamaxvilurad SeniSnavs m. gasparovi, rom svetoni-usis Txzuleba `imperiis istoria ki ara, imperatorTa istoriaa~.

svetoniusis nawarmoebs kritika ar dahklebia, mkvlevrebi miuTiTeben Tx-zulebis stilis uferulobaze, Txro-bis monotonurobaze, mxatvruli xe-rxebis siRaribesa da literaturuli Rirebulebis, aseve fsiqologizmis naklebobaze, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom Txzulebis calkeul pasaJebs ar

aklia dramatuloba da eqspresiuli emociuroba, magaliTad, aseTia nero-nis sikvdilis scena.

xSirad miuTiTeben, rom misi, rogorc istorikosis dideba, tacitusi¬madajabna, rogorc bio-grafisa ki _ plutarqosma. miuxe-davad amisa, svetoniusis Txzulebas seriozuli warmateba xvda wilad. Txzulebis istoriuli Rirebuleba, nawarmoebis mTavari personaJebis, ro-mis imperatorebis _ faqtobrivad, imdroindeli msoflio mmarTvelebis mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, udavod didi iyo. sagulisxmoa, rom momdevno saukuneebSi swored misi mibaZviT iqm-neboda istoriuli Janris nawarmoe-bebi. Txzuleba ara¬erT enaze iTargm-na. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom svetoniusis `Tormeti keisris cxovreba~ saukunee-bis ganmavlobaSi erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli saistorio Txzuleba iyo, romlis mixedviTac mkiTxveli ec-noboda `diadi da amayi~ romis isto-rias.

gaius svetonius trankvilusis `Tormeti keisris cxovrebis~ Targ-mani, romlis prezentaciac Sedga, originalidan, laTinuri enidanaa Sesrulebuli, rac kidev ufro mniS-vnelovans xdis am gamocemas. mTargm-nelma aRniSna, rom teqstis qarTul enaze Targmna dasrulebulia da male darCenili nawilic gamoqveyndeba.

prof. marina giorgaZis mier Ses-rulebuli Targmanis Sesaxeb isau-bres Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo universitetis klasikuri filologiis, bizantinistikisa da neogrecistikis institutis profe-sorebma, cnobilma mTargmnelebma ia gaguam da nana toniam.

prof. nana tonia: `mTargmnels kar-gad aqvs gaTavisebuli svetoniusis wer-

is manera, stili. esaa araCveulebrivad kargi Targmani, gamarTuli qarTuli eniT, romelic mxars umSvenebs sxva brwyinvale qarTul Targmanebs. imeds gamovTqvam, rom mTargmneli bolomde miiyvans mis mier ase kargad dawyebul saqmes da svetoniusis `Tormeti keis-ris cxovreba~ qarTveli mkiTxvelisT-visac samagido wignad iqceva~.

prof. ia gagua: `Targmanis Rirse-bebze aRiniSna da mec veTanxmebi. akmay-ofilebs yvela im pirobas, rac karg Targmans moeTxoveba: Sesrulebulia dednidan, zustia da kargi qarTuli-Taa gadmocemuli. didi interesiT da siamovnebiT gavecani. ramdenime frag-menti Sevadare dedans da ueWvelia, rom dednidanaa Sesrulebuli. dasana-nia, rom winamdebare gamocemaSi araa aRniSnuli, rom Targmani laTinuri enidanaa Sesrulebuli, es unda gas-wordes momdevno gamocemebSi~.“

Targmanis Sesaxeb azri gamoTqves aseve profesorebma: Suqia afri-doniZem, marika andrazaSvilma, nino doborjginiZem, TinaTin margalitaZem, mamia faRavam, oTar gogoliSvilma. gamomsvlelebma aRniSnes, rom m. gior-gaZis mier Sesrulebuli Targmani seriozuli Sromis Sedegia, maRal donezea Sesrulebuli da kargi Sena-Zenia mkvlevarTaTvis da mkiTxvelisaT-vis. aseve aRiniSna, rom aucilebelia Targmanis darCenili nawilis gamo-cemac. gaimarTa saintereso diskusia, zogadad, mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis saWirboroto sakiTxebze.

wignis prezentacia

universitetis reqtorma, profe-sorma alioSa bakuriZem, aWaris spor-tisa da axalgazrdul saqmeTa depar-tamentis ufrosma nodar futkaraZem da fakultetis dekanebma `studenturi dReebi - 2012~-is, `studenturi uni-versiada - 2012~-isa da ,,studenturi dReebi - aWara 2012~-is gamarjvebul studentebs medlebi, Tasebi, serti-fikatebi da samaxsovro saCuqrebi ga-dasces. aWaris mTavrobis mxardaWeriT SemoqmedebiTi jgufebi TurqeTSi gae-mgzavrebian da rizes universitetSi koncerts gamarTaven. festivalSi `studenturi dReebi 2012~ qveynis 30 umaRlesi saswavleblis 2000-mde stu-denti monawileobda. axalgazrdebs saSualeba miecaT sakuTari niWi da SesaZleblobebi sxvadassxva mimar-TulebiT warmoeCinaT. konkursi Cat-arda rogorc individualur, aseve jgufur nominaciebSi.

studenturi dReebi TbilisSi, siRnaRSi, quTaissa da baTumSi erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda. TbilisSi, kus tbaze axalgazrduli festivalis studenturi dReebi 2012~ daskvniTi saRamo gaimarTa. RonisZie-baze Teatralizebuli sanaxaobiT, Ta-namedrove da xalxuri cekviT, simRe-riTa da iumoristuli warmodgeniT festivalis farglebSi gamovlenili saukeTeso saswavleblebi warsdgnen. daskvniT saRamoze Jiurim `studen-turi dReebi 2012~-is gamarjvebule-bi gamoavlina sxvadasxva nominaciaSi. didi warmateba xvda wilad baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo univer-sitetis SemoqmedebiT jgufebs. stu-dentebma pirveloba moipoves sxvadasx-va nomianciaSi, kerZod:

. `saukeTeso Tanamedrove cekva~ _ baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis Tanamedrove cekvis jgufi “M-STYLe ��”; . `saukeTeso Tanamedrove instru-

mentuli jgufi~ _ baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universite-tis bendi `lazguri~;

. studenturi dReebis aRmoCena~ _ baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis jgufi “M_STYLE”.

`universiada - 2012~-Si saqarT-velos 25 umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis studentebi monawil-eobdnen. baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis studen-tebma Svid saxeobaSi warmoaCines sa-kuTari SesaZleblobebi. berZnul-ro-maul WidaobaSi 2 oqros, 1 - vercxlis da 3 - brinjaos medali moipoves; Ta-visufal WidaobaSi 1 oqros, 1 vercx-lis da 2 brinjaos medali, mSvildos-nobaSi - ori oqros, 1 vercxlis da 1- brinjaos.

axalgazrda sportsmenebma warmate-bulad iasparezes aseve mklavWidis, mZleosnobisa da magidis CogburTis pirvelobaze. mklavWidSi 1 vercxlis da 3 brinjaos medali, mZleosnobaSi - 1 vercxlis, xolo magidis CogburTSi 1 brinjaos medali moipoves.

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis sax-elmwifo universiteti CarTuli iyo agreTve aWaris sportisa da axalgaz-rdobis saqmeTa departamentis orga-nizebiT qobuleTSi gamarTul ,,stu-denturi dReebi _ aWara 2012~-Si. universitetis qoreografiulma ansam-blma `tbeTma~ cekvis `qalTa xorumis~ SesrulebiT saukeTeso originaluri nomris nominaciaSi gaimarjva. mini-fexburTis pirvelobaze rsu-s nakreb-ma meore adgili daikava.

studenturi dReebis

gamarjvebul studentTa

dajildoeba

� ivnisi

marTlac, amodena samyaro-Si mxolod dedamiwas ergo es dafaseba, mxolod mis mkerdze dian yvavilebis lamazi mde-loebiT damSvenebuli dedami-wis cisferi ZarRvebi - mdi-nareebi, mxolod mas adgas Tavze samyaros gvirgvini - adamiani.

da .... am unikalur plan-etas, swored adamianis mier aqvs miyenebuli amdeni ekologiuri problema da ga-saWiri, amitom isev adamianma unda umkurnalos mas.

`Cveni garemo Cvens xelSia~ da ufrosi Taobebis gulgri-

lobiT (an ucodinarobiT) gafuWebuli saqme momavalma Taobebma unda gamovasworoT, amisaTvis ki kargad, sworad unda verkveodeT am prob-lemebSi.

amitom iyo, rom didi in-teresiT miviReT monawileoba 5 ivniss garemos dacvis saer-TaSoriso dRisadmi miZRvnil RonisZiebaSi: `Cveni garemo Cvens xelSia~, romelic gaimar-Ta biologiis departamentis, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakultetis studentTa biom-ravalferovnebis klubisa da studentTa TviTmmarTvelobis organizebiT. amave deviziT Catarebul konferenciaze mo-vusmineT saintereso moxsene-bebs, davaTvaliereT baTumis botanikuri baRi, gavecaniT mis istorias, dRevandelobas, mniSvnelobas.

Cveni skolis - Warnalis sajaro skolis da baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis biologiis departamentis urTierTobas ukve tradicia hqvia. bevri welia, rac Cve-ni skolis moswavleebi aqti-ur monawileobas vRebulobT ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakultetis biologiis de-partamentSi Catarebul Savi zRvis, dedamiwis dRis, garemos dacvis dRisadmi miZRvnil RonisZiebebSi: vusmenT da studentebsac vu-ziarebT Cvens azrebs, erTad vTamaSobT saxaliso inteleq-tualur TamaSs: `ra? sad? rodis?~ ekologiis sakiTxe-

bze, erTad vasufTavebT zR-vis sanapiros, vrgavT nergebs Tikeris tye-parkSi da a.S. moswavleebi vecnobiT sauni-versiteto cxovrebas, audi-toriebs, laboratoriebs, vumegobrdebiT studentebs.... es urTierToba calmxrivi ar aris. Tavis mxriv univer-sitetis biologiis departa-mentis TanamSromlebi Cven-Tan xSirad modian skolaSi, gvikiTxaven leqciebs CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxebze, gvac-noben fakultetis saqmianobas, mniSvnelobas. am urTierTo-bis CamoyalibebaSi didi wv-

lili miuZRvis fakultetis dekans marina qoriZes, bi-ologiis depatamentis xelmZ-Rvanels daviT baraTaSvils, fakultetis sabunebismetyve-lo mimarTulebis studentTa biomravalferovnebis klubis xelmZRvanels eTer jayels, risTvisac Tqveni gazeTis sa-SualebiT maT madloba minda gadavuxado.

aseve madloba minda vuTxra Cveni skolis qimiis maswavleb-els naira jayels da sabunebi-smetyvelo mecnierebaTa kaTe-dris gamges manoli baramiZes, romlebmac tradiciad Camoay-alibes skolaSi Savi zRvisa da dedamiwis dRis kvireule-bi, gvexmarebian universitet-Tan urTierTobaSi.

wels, 5 ivniss, garemos dacvis saerTaSoriso dRi-sadmi miZRvnil RonisZieba-ze gamovxateT Cveni survili, rom Semdgomi garemos dacvis saerTaSoriso dRe kvlav er-Tad aRvniSnoT, oRond Cvens sofelSi da ulamazes buneba-Si CavataroT gasvliTi kon-ferencia.

mokled, gafuWebuls mx-olod Rrma codniT Tu gamo-vasworebT, amitom meti unda viswavloT, iqneb gadavarCi-noT garemo, romlis bedi nam-dvilad Cvens xelSia.

Warnalis skolis moswavleTa saxeliT

Xi klasis moswavle

qeTino daviTiani

Cveni garemo Cvens xelSia`sicocxle aris mxolod miwaze,

mxolod mis gaSlil gulis ficarze~saqarTvelo rom erT-erTi

unikaluri damwerlobis sam-Sobloa, dRes msoflioSi yvelasTvis kargadaa cnobili. Zvel saqarTveloSi Seiqmna saidumlo damwerlobis siste-mebi. qarTuli saidumlo damw-erlobis uZvelesi nimuSebi me–10 saukunidan gvaqvs. qarTul kriptogramebSi sayuradRebo cnobebia werilobiTi Zeglebis gadamwerTa, gadaweris adgili-sa Tu TariRis Sesaxeb. swored qarTuli kriptografiis erT-erT nimuSze gveqneba saubari, romelic ixmareboda gamahmadi-anebul qarTul mosaxleobaSi, umTavresad qalebSi.

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom XVIII saukunis meore nax-evridan TurqTa batonobis qveS aWara eqceva. adgilobrivi mosaxleoba ver urigdeboda osmalTa mier ZaliT Tavs mox-veul mahmadis sjuls da mis reJims. dampyroblebi cdi-lobdnen aWarlebSi mieZinebi-naT erovnuli grZnoba, dae-viwyebinaT yvelaferi, rac maT mama-papasTan akavSireb-daT. “yovel aWarels, SavSels, livanels, maWaxlels da sxvaTac metad didi sisxli aqvsT os-malT winaSe daRvrili sjuli-sa da qveynis gulisTvin”- ase gvauwyeben qarTuli wyaroebi im avbediTi epoqis Sesaxeb.

mtarvalTa sisastikis miuxedavad mosaxleoba lapara-kobda qarTulad da qarTul zne-Cveulebebs inarCunebda. maT Semoinaxes xalxuri si-brZnis, qarTuli damwerlobis uZvelesi nimuSebi - sakuTari identurobis ZiriTadi niSani, qarTvelobis SenarCunebis um-Tavresi piroba.

mitacebul provinciebs qa-rTveli faSebi da begebi mar-Tavdnen, ar Seqmnila arcerTi kulturis Zegli, arcerTi wig-ni Tu mxatvruli nawarmoebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom Cveneburi qali mudam erTguli coli da deda iyo. qarTuli enisa da erovnuli cnobierebis ar-damkargavni mamakacTan erTad ebrZodnen yofna-aryofnis dam-Trgunvel gansacdels. eris dideba da mSveneba qarTuli ena daicves “xanumebma” - mus-limanma qalbatonebma. amave xanumebis wyalobiT ar moispo qarTuli wera.

cnobilia, rom aWarisa da osmalos mahmadian qarTvelo-baSi ukanasknel dromde dacu-li qarTuli damwerlobis gan-sakuTrebuli saxe cnobili iyo “dedabruli xelis” saxelwo-debiT, radgan mas umTavresad qalebi xmarobdnen.

“dedabruli” damwerlobis Sesaxeb mwiri cnobebia samecnie-ro literaturaSi. Mmas gakvriT exebian: iv. javaxiSvili, sim. janaSia, dim. baqraZe, T. sax-okia, ap. wulaZe, x. axvlediani da a. S. T. saxokia aRniSnavs: “rogorc sxvagan, aqac (aWaraSi m. x.) Cveni eris burjebad man-dilosnebi iTvlebian. maT So-ris aris daculi Zveleburi qarTuli wera” da iqve war-mogvidgens maSindeli aWareli qalebis damwerlobis nimuSs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom Cvenamde moRweulia “dedabruli xe-liT” Sesrulebuli ramdenime xelnaweri (qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba, sabuTi 1258 a, da 1258 b). am Canaweridan vigebT, rom xelnaweri viRac qobule-Tel muhajirs ruseT-TurqeTis omis (1877-78 ww.) dros osma-leTSi wauRia, xolo 1908 wels ukanve qobuleTSi daubrunebia. dedabruli xeliTaa Sesrule-buli zemo aWaris mkvidr sinei xanum ximSiaSvilis avtografi erT-erT rusul oficialur dokumentze.Aap. wulaZe wers: “Cems ymawvilobaSi aseTi xe-liT swerdnen guriaSi moxuce-buli qalebi” .

Ddamwerlobis am saxis ni-muSebi dResac moipoveba “TurqeTis saqarTveloSi.” fa-cis raionis sofel kabaxtarSi Cvenma maspinZelma, xasan-Tax-sim beJaniZem dagvaTvaliere-bina winaparTa mier aSenebuli saxli, sadac buxarze kargadaa Semonaxuli “dedabruli xe-liT” Sesrulebuli warwera: “am qemeris gamkeTebels gaxsene-ba unda” (qemeri-Turq., buxris sartyeli).

stambulis qarTvel kaTo-likeTa monasterTan arsebuli akaki wereTlis saxelobis bib-lioTekis sacavSi, profesorma SuSana futkaraZem aRmoaCina gazeT “saqarTvelos” (1916 w. # 274) erT-erT nomeri, am nom-ris asli qalbatonma SuSanam me gadmomca. apolon wulaZis statiaSi “qarTveli muslimane-bi da qarTuli wera” vkiTxu-lobT: “sakvirveli is aris, rom qarTuli ena da qarTuli “wignis” (werilis) wera ar dauviwyniaT aWara-qobuleTi-dan wasulebs - muxajirebs. lazistanSi (osmaleTis samefo-Si) q. aTinis maxloblad, sof. eskitrapizonSi cxovrobs 90 komlamde qarTveli muslimani. maTSi, garda oriode komlisa, qobuleTidan arian muxaji-raT wasulni am 40 wlis winad. cxadia, maT naTesavebi hyavT darCenili CvenSi (qobuleT-aWaraSi) da maTTan kavSiri ar gauwyvetiaT.” apolon wulaZe dasZens, rom eskitrapzonelebi menaveobas misdeven da am mezR-vaurTa xeliT iqauri xanumebi (qalebi) aqaurebs mokiTxvis wigns xSirad ugzavnian.

“dedabruli xeliT” Ses-rulebuli erTi aseTi wigni am omis Semdegac miiRo erTma qobuleTelma –wers apolon wulaZe. iqauri swers: “aqau-roba rusebma eiRes, Tqven bednieri xarT, rom Tqvens qveyanaSi xarT, moxajiroba ar ifiqroT da Tqvens qveya-nas gaufrTxildiTo, omamdi ki miwer-mowera, misvla-mosvla xSirad iyo”... gazeT “saqarT-veloSi” dabeWdilia siTboTi da siyvaruliT savse mokiTxvis werili, imis sanimuSod, Tu rogori qarTuliT saubroben ucxo saxelmwifoSi, ucxoTa Soris Sexiznuli qarTveli muslimanebi. es werili ap. wu-laZisTvis qobuleTel qemal noRaidels “dedabruli xe-liT” Sesrulebuli karabadi-niTurT gadaucia. SemdgomSi es karabadini wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebi-sTvis gadauciaT. es swored is karabadinia, razec zemoT gvqonda saubari.

vinme gurul yenias guria-Si kaci Semokvdomia, qobuleT-Si gadavardnila da iq musli-manoba miuRia, saxelad misTvis dileveri daurqmeviaT; dile-veric aTinaSi gadasaxlebula. da ai, misi qaliSvili, noRaid-elis meuRle, mokiTxvis wigns ugzavnis Tavis muls, sulTanes. sulTane-xanumi Tavis ZmasTan yofila eskitrapzonSi da iq gaucnia Tavisi rZali. saocari siTboTi da siyvaruliT savse, dedabruli xeliT Sesrule-buli, werilis “mxedrul” versias gvTavazobs ap. wul-aZe Tavis statiaSi: “bedniero, bednieraT gasaxsenebelo, Cemo amosavalo sulo da sicocx-leo, Seni gaxsenebis Wirime, Cemo derdisa da sixarulis moziarev. gwers Seni umsaxuri rZali, didis sinatruliT. se-lams mogaxseneb, dielav (dao), Seni gaxsenebis Wirime! dielav. sikvdili CvenTanaa, dielav, Semogere... Cven Tu gvikiTxav, Zalin kargaT varT, Sens karqa yofnas Tu Segvatyobieb, Sen ici da Senma qalobam. dielav, awi Sens qaliSvils, xurmis xa-nums, selami da “xeirduas” mim-

irTvi. maTi gaxsenebis Wirime... Sens Zmiswulebs Tu ikiTxavT, kargaT arian.”

rogorc Cans, “dedabruls” muhajiri qarTvelebi iy-enebdnen faruli mimowerisas. “dedabruli xeliT” Sesrule-buli mokiTxvis werilebi Se-niRbuli tipisaa.

dimitri baqraZe Tavis “mogzaurobaSi” wers: “iq dRemde xmaroben qarTul dam-werlobasac, magram igi, Tu ar SeeCvie, ZnelaT gaarCev. yovel SemTxvevaSi qobulur-aWaruli werilebi, romlebic guri-aSi miCvenes, Znelad ikiTxeba. maTi Tavisebureba is aris, rom zogi asos forma sagrZno-blad Secvlili an damaxinje-bulia, garda amisa sityvebSi Tanxmovnebs Soris metwilad CarTulia sruliad arasaWiro xmovani i”. igi amgvari weris nimuSsac aqveynebs.

imas, rom “dedabruli xe-liT” wera aqtiurad gamoiy-eneboda guriasa da qobu-leT-aWaraSi, mowmobs baTumis saxelmwifo muzeumSi daculi xelnaweri, romelic sam fur-celzea Sesrulebuli da ekuT-vnis aWyvisTavel ruqie inaiSvi-li - romanaZes. erT furcelze mokiTxvis werilia, romelic nawilobriv amoikiTxa aw-gansvenebulma al. qaTamaZem.

profesorma SuSana futkara-Zem axlaxans momawoda niko ber-ZeniSvilis saxelobis kvleviTi institutis sacavSi daculi 1962 wels Sesrulebuli “de-dabruli” anbanis nimuSi, ro-melic ekuTvnis 105 wlis Waxa-Tel xoSneT baJunaiSvils. iqve aris minaweri: “me mogaxusenefu xoSeneTi baJunaiSuvili”.

Cvens xelT arsebuli masa-la gvaZlevs imis Tqmis saSu-alebas, rom “mxedrulis tipis damwerlobis erT-erT grafi-kul maxasiaTebels qmnis asoTa kuTxovani moxazuloba. rig SemTxvevaSi igi sakmaod Sor-deba “mxedruls” da ucnauri soliseburi grafemis saxiTaa warmodgenili. imdenad ucnau-ri, rom sxva analogiuri, Cvens xelT arsebuli, xelnawerebisa-gan sakmaod gansxvavebulia.

miuxedavad imisa, rom ukve xelT gvaqvs “dedabruli” an-bani, unda aRiniSnos, rom igi sakmaod rTuli dawerilo-baa da Wirs xelnawerTa sru-lyofilad amokiTxva, rasac arTulebs is, rom sityvebi gadabmulia, maT Soris inter-vali ar aris, ar dasturdeba arcerTi punqtuaciuri niSani. yvela am niSanTan erTad, yvelaze mniSvnelovania, is, rom TiToeuli maTganisaTvis niSan-doblivia xmovanTa siWarbe: “suxuva ra mokuwero; mogaxuse-nef; madulobeli var...” faru-li mimowerisTvis gamiznuli xelnawerebi kidev ufro rTu-lad ikiTxeba. erTi ram ki cxa-dia, “dedabruli xeli,” nimu-Sia qarTuli kriptografiuli damwerlobis sistemisa, ro-melic ixmareboda gamahmadi-anebul qarTul mosaxleobaSi, umTavresad qalebSi.

da bolos davsZenT, “de-dabruli”, rogorc qarTuli kriptografiis nimuSi, “qar-Tul damwerlobaTmcodneo-baSi” ar aris ganxiluli. saWiroa, igi momavalSi gan-vixiloT anjanuris, anhoeuris, anCinuris, saTvalavadi, uku-dawerilobiTi sarkiseburi kriptografiuli damwerlobis sistemebis gverdiT. Aqve aRvniS-nav, rom ganvagrZobT misi grafikuli Taviseburebebis (riTac igi radikalurad gan-sxvavdeba yvela sxva qarTuli kriptografiis sistemebisagan). Seswavlas da kvlevis Sedegebs gavacnobT mkiTxvels.

mzia xaxutaiSvili

dedabruli xeli _– qarTuli kriptografiis erT-erTi saxe

�ivnisi

gamofenaze warmodgeni-li namuSevrebis avtorebi iyvnen: ana resuliZe, daviT ananiZe, sofiko sonRulaS-vili, laSa daviTaZe, Tamar oganova, nestan abeslamiZe,

rusudan falavandiSvili, ana gorgaZe. swored ramdenime maTgani esaubra gazeT baTu-mis universitets~ da zogi-erTi saidumloc gaando:

sofiko sonRulaSvili 2010 wels baTumis saxelm-wifo universitetSi so-cialur mecnierebaTa, bizne-sisa da samarTlmcodneobis fakultetze Cairicxa. samar-Tamlcodneobis specialo-bis meore kursis studenti ambobs, rom xatva bavSvobi-danve itacebda: `dRes xatva Cemi hobia. rogori daR-lilic unda viyo, roca vx-atav, vmSviddebi da suli-erad visveneb. aqve aRvniSnav, rom samxatvro skolaSi ar miswavlia da Sesabamisad, arc specialuri ganaTleba mimiRia. miuxedavad amisa, konkursebSi moanawileobis miReba yovelTvis mitacebda. TbilisSi, cisfer galeareaSi mqonda naxatebis gamofena da saqarTvelos masStabiT mesa-me adgili aviRe. rasac dRe-vandel gamofenaze xedavT, amaTgan naxati `Celuskinebi~ Sesulia katalogSi, namuSe-varSi saxelwodebiT `Ta-Taraoba~, laureatis wodeba maqvs miRebuli~.

daviT ananiZe: pirvel rig-Si, samarTalmcodneobis spe-cialobis meore kursis stu-

denti var. xatva Cemi hobia. Zalian patara asakidan vxatav da arc samxatvro ganaTleba maqvs, magram sofikosgan gan-sxvavebiT, am mimarTulebiT konkursebSi monawileoba

namdvilad ar mimiRia. aseTi farTo auditoriis winaSe Cemi namuSevrebi pirvelad warvadgine. gvixaria, rom miuxedavad Cveni arapro-fesionalizmisa, gamofenam didi STabeWdileba datova damTvalierebelze~.

naxatebis garda gamof-enaze originalurad moqa-rguli da naqsovi nivTebic iyo warmodgenili. es ki nes-tan abeslamiZis gatacebaa: `kinTiT muSaoba Cemi sayva-reli saqmianobaa, rac 6-7 wlis asakSi bebiam maswavla. Tavisufal dros yovelT-vis kinTviT var dakavebuli. CemTvis es gantvirTvis erT-erTi saukeTeso saSualebaa~.

laSa daviTaZe, romelic pirvelkurselia, saskolo asakidan xatavs. specialuri ganaTleba ar miuRia. igi mx-ardaWerisTvis baton murman gorgoSaZes madlobas uxdis.

studentTa naxatebisa da xelnakeTebis gamofena iuridiul mecnierebaTa de-partamentis xelmZRvanelma batonma murman gorgoSaZem moawyo. saorganizacio saqmi-anoba ki samarTalmcodnebis specialobis meore kursis studentma maka doliZem uz-runvelyo. fotogamofena ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi gagrZelda.

studentTa naxatebisa da

nakeTobebis gamofena

2012 wlis 25 maiss iuridiul mecnierebaTa departa-

mentis 20 wlis Tavisadmi miZRvnili studentTa naxatebi-

sa da nakeTobebis gamofena gaixsna, sadac warmodgenili

iyo samarTalmcodneobis specialobis studentebis na-

muSevrebi. isini, vinc mosamarTleobasa da prokuro-

robaze ocnoben, aRmoCnda rom mravalmxrivi niWiTac

yofilan dajildoebulebni. gamofenas SoTa rusTavelis

saxelmwifo universitetis reqtori, profesori alioSa

bakuriZe da universitetis profesor-maswavleblebi st-

umrobdnen. warmodgenilma namuSevrebma didi STabeW-

dileba moaxdina damTvalierebelze.

sikeTis `qmna~ yvelas rodi ZaluZs. igi rCeul-Ta xvedria! rCeulTa xve-dri, romlebic fiqroben, rom mze yvelasTvis erT-nairad anaTebs, rom yvelas aqvs ufleba, hqondes saSu-aleba arsebobis, cxovrebis

warmarTvis. keTili adamian-ebi ki cotani arian, magram vidre isini arian, qveyanaze feradi sxivebi mudam iar-sebebs.

saqarTvelos yoveli kuTxe Taviseburad lamazia, TiToeul maTgans gansxvave-buli xibli da tradiciebi aqvs. Aamitom ar meguleba adamiani, romelsac ocnebad ar hqondes Cveni mSvenieri samSoblos yoveli kunWulis daTvaliereba.

erTxel leqciis Sem-deg, Tavisufal dros, Cve-ni ,,maTematikis swavlebis meTodikis~ leqtori asoci-rebuli profesori – batoni SoTa maxaraZe gviyveboda im eqskursiis Sesaxeb, romelic moawyo svaneTSi gasul wels dawyebiTi ganaTlebis spe-cialobis iii III, axlandeli IV kursisTvis. Ggvesaubreboda im saocari bunebis Sesaxeb, romelic RmerTma svaneTs uxvad uboZa. Astudentebs Tan axlda Cveni kuratori, asistent profesori dare-jan gelaZe, romelmac wels Zalian didi survili ga-moTqva, rom Cvenc gvenaxa es saocari adgilebi. gegmis ganxorcieleba Zalian did xarjebTan iyo dakavSirebu-li. am problemuri sakiTx-is mogvarebas batoni SoTa maxaraZe Segvpirda, amitom survilic bevrma gamoTqva. Cven didi sixaruliT velo-debodiT am DdReebs, radgan batoni SoTa is pirovnebaa, romelic dapirebas yovelT-vis asrulebs.

Ddadga es nanatri dRec da 2012 wlis 14 ivniss batoni SoTas da Cveni kuratoris darejan gelaZis didi mon-domebis wyalobiT 40 stu-denti ori mikroavtobusiT gavudeqiT svaneTis gzas. Ggza marTlac Zalian didi aRmoCnda, magram Zalian mx-iaruli da saintereso. Mmg-zavrobisas erTi wuTiT ar SeCerebula simRera, cekva da TamaSi, raSic studen-tebTan erTad batoni SoTa da qalbatoni darejanic monawileobdnen. Ppirvelad sadac gavCerdiT es iyo en-

gurhesi, rac Zalian sain-tereso sanaxavi iyo. Semdeg isev ganvagrZeT gza: saocari surneleba xvdeboda ynosvas, yvavilebis da Taflis sur-neli erTmaneTSi ireoda, kldeebidan CanCqeri eSve-boda, kavkasionze isev Tov-

li moCanda. camde awvdili qedebi tyiT daburuliyo, mwvaneSi gaxveuliyo are-mare, am saocnebis mnaxvels SeuZlebelia ar eTqva: ,,dai-locos Cveni madliani saqa-rTvelo~.”

sanam mestiaSi SevidodiT, gavCerdiT sofel latalSi batoni SoTas Zmadnaficis muxran girgvlianis ojaxSi. gagvaoca maTma stumarTmas-pinZlobam, ormoc kacs sax-lis kari gagviRes da sami dRis ganmavlobaSi yur-adRebas ar gvaklebdnen. am ojaxisagan SevityveT, rom Cven vimyofebodiT ubatono svaneTSi, sadac jer ara-vis ubatonia, romelic jer

geografiuli mdebareobiT, xolo Semdeg am xalxis Za-lian didi simamaciT aris gamorCeeuli. aseve maT si-Zliereze Zalian did gav-lenas axdenda svanuri ko-Skebi, romelic saukeTeso TavdacviT saSualebas war-moadgenda. Cven piradad movinaxuleT svanuri koSkebi da davrwmundiT, rom es mx-are gansakuTrebiT mdidaria kulturuli RirsSesaniS-naobebiT. kerZod, sofel latalSi vnaxeT macxovris amaRlebis eklesia, romelic X-Xii saukuneebiT TariRd-eba. aqve vnaxeT is saocari adgilebi, sadac gadaRebu-lia popularuli qarTuli filmebi ,,svani~. vnaxeT ioane

winaswarmetyvelis eklesia.yvelaze mniSvnelovani

rac SemiZlia vTqva is aris, rom vimyofebodiT sofel uSgulSi. sityva uSgulis etimologias ,,uSiSar guls~ ukavSireben. kerZod am sof-lis iqeT aris erTi mxriv ruseTi, xolo meore mxares yabaldo balkaneTi. aqedan kargad Cans mwvervali Sxara. aqve movinaxuleT lamarias RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZari, romelic IX-X sau-kuneebs ekuTvnis. ,,lamaria~ svanuria da mariams niSnavs. taZars Semortymuli aqvs ga-lavani, igi bazilikis tip-isaa. uSgulSi da saerTod svaneTSi, uamravi ucxoeli turisti Segvxda, maT Soris germaneli eqimi, romelsac piradad vesaubreT, fotoe-bic gadaviReT. dasasruls ki minda aRvniSno, rom ra-mac daagvirgvina Cveni es sa-siamovno DdReebi _ es iyo sabagiro, romlis saSu-alebiTac uzarmazar mwver-valze avediT. iqedan mTeli mestia xelisguliviT mo-Canda, iSleboda ulamazesi xedebi. Semdeg davbrundiT Cveni maspinZlis ojaxSi, uR-rmesi madloba gadavuxadeT maspinZlobisaTvis da aRfr-Tovanebulebi, siaxleebiT datvirTulebi 16 ivniss gamovemarTeT baTumisaken, gamoviareT zugdidSi da-dianebis saxl-muzeumSi.

Turme yofilan qveyanaze adamianebi, romlebsac Seu-ZliaT studentebis gulis gaTboba da sasikeTo saqmee-bis keTeba, RmerTma gvimrav-los aseTi leqtorebi, ufa-li iyos maTi Semwe.

dawyebiTi ganaTlebis III kursi Zalian did madlobas

gixdiT ocnebis axdenisTvis. es dReebi mTeli cxovrebis manZilze dauviwyari iqneba CvenTvis

gmadlobT, es Zalian pa-tara sityvaa, magram ar ar-sebobs sityvebi, romlebsac SeeZlebaT gamoxaton Cve-ni madliereba da aRweron grZnoba, rac Tqvens mimarT gvaqvs batono SoTa da qa-lbatono darejan. amitom, mxolod am ubralo, magram jadosnuri sityviT mogmar-TavT _ `gmadlobT, mTeli guliT gmadlobT~!“

dawyebiTi ganaTlebis specialobis III kursis

saxeliT

marine romanaZe

Aaxdenili ocneba

� ivnisi

`mecnierebis naTesi xalxis samka-lad aRmocendeba~, - brZenis es Se-goneba cxovrebis megzurad hqonda Suaxevis saSualo skolis me-10 klasis warCinebul moswavles ramin cinariZ-es, roca ramdenime TanatolTan er-Tad, pirvelma moipova memed abaSiZis saxelobis stipendia.

skola imave wels baTumis saxelm-wifo universitetis finansebisa da sabanko saqmis specialobis studen-tobam Secvala. saSualo skolis ms-gavsad mis CaTvlis wignakSi mxolod friadi Sefasebebi iyo, meoTxe kur-sidan ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis sti-pendiac moipova. cnobilma mecnierma daviT diasamiZem niWieri studentis miswrafeba reagirebis gareSe ar da-tova. pirveli samecniero naSromi misi xelmZRvanelobiT daamuSava.

gangebam ar daacala gonier mwvrT-nelsa da niWier students erTad muS-aoba. axalgazrda mkvlevars univer-sitetis maSindelma xelmZRvanelobam gza gauxsna. igi universitetSi da-toves da leqciebis kursis wayvana andes. 2000 wlidan dRemde uwyvetad aqtiuradaa CarTuli pedagogiur da samecniero cxovrebaSi, damsaxure-buli avtoritetiT sargeblobs ko-legebsa da studentebs Soris. parale-lurad, TbilisSi valerian melqaZis saxelobis socialur-ekonomikuri da regionuli problemebis samec-niero-kvleviT institutSi maZieblad gasaformeblad yvela dokumentacia-rekomendacia waradgina. institutis direqtori, ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtori, nodar WiTanava momaval ko-legas gaesaubra da kmayofili darCa, magram dedis mZime avadmyofobam am-jeradac xeli moucara.

2008 wels igi Cairicxa socialur mecnierebaTa, biznesisa da samarTalm-codneobis fakultetis doqtorantu-raSi. (mecnier-xelmZRvaneli gaxldaT vladimer Rlonti), romlis sruli kursi ,,finansebi, fulis mimoqcevisa da kreditis~ specialobiT warCinebiT daamTavra 2011 wels.

ramin cinariZe pirveli doqtoran-tia, romelmac baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis akademiuri sabWos mier damtkicebuli sadisertacio debule-biT (axali moTxovnebis Sesabamisad) warmatebiT daicva disertacia Temaze: ,,regionuli sainvesticio procesebis regulirebis safinanso-ekonomikuri meqanizmi~ da mieniWa biznesis marTvis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxi. cno-bilma mecnierebma givi gamsaxurdiam, eTeri xaraiSvilma, asiko cincaZem (Semfaseblebi) mis naSroms maRali Se-faseba misces. sadisertacio komisiis yvela wevris mxardaWerac erTsulo-vani iyo, risi dasturic maRali Se-faseba gaxldaT.

cxovrebaSi, gansakuTrebiT mec-nierebaSi, SemTxveviTi araferia, sami universitetis reqtori _ alioSa bakuriZe, giorgi RavTaZe da amiran takiZe daeswrnen disertaciis dacvas.

ramin cinariZis saxiT qarTulma ekonomikurma mecnierebam Rirseu-li wevri SeiZina. imeda, igi dawye-bul saqmes Rirseulad gaagrZelebs. mecnierebasTan erTad mosiyvarule meuRlesa da qal-vaJsac uerTgulebs.

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis sax-elmwifo universitetis ,,finansebis, aRricxvisa da auditis” departamen-tis profesor-maswavleblebi, Tanam-Sromlebi ramin cinariZes ulocaven biznesis marTvis doqtoris akademi-uri xarisxis miniWebas da Semdgom warmatebebs usurveben profesiul da pirad saqmianobaSi.

finansebis, aRricxvisa da auditis departamentis Tavmjdomare,

ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori

asiko cincaZe

mieci niWsa gza

farTo... vaxtang nakaSiZe baTumis saxelm-wifo universitetis ganaTlebi-sa da mecnierebaTa fakultetis maTematikis specialobis meore kursis studentia. igi erasmus Mundus _is programiT germaniaSi, gotingenis universitetSi midis erTi wliT saswavleblad.

_ vaxtang, saidan gaigeT pro-gramis Sesaxeb?

_ programis Sesaxeb qalbaton lela TurmaniZisgan gavige, romelic Cveni koordinatori da amave dros Cemi erT-erTi leqtoria. simarTle giTxraT, Tavidan didi interesiT ar mivudeqi am sakiTxs, radganac yovelTvis megona, rom aseT progr-amebSi me naklebad gamimarTlebda, Tumca rogorc Cans Sevcdi.

_ ras iTvaliswinebda wina sa-konkurso pirobebi?

_ wina sakonkurso pirobebi iTvaliswinebda, pirvel rigSi, ak-ademiur moswrebas, aseve ingli-suri enis codnas, samotivacio da sarekomendacio werilebs. Tumca danamdvilebiT ver getyviT, amaTgan

romels eniWeboda gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba.

rogorc vici, Cveni universiteti-dan am programis farglebSi 6 stu-denti midis saswavleblad, aqedan 4 bakalavria. gamimarTla imaSi, rom amaTgan erT-erTi Cemi kurseli lia SavaZea. ramdenadac CemTvis cnobi-lia, saqarTvelos masStabiTac sak-maod bevni varT. ramdenime maTgani ukve gavicani kidec.

_ ras iTvaliswinebs saswavlo programa?

_ am programis mTavari mizania ganviTarebuli evropis qveynebsa da ganviTarebad amierkavkasiis qveynebs Soris studentebis gacvla, rac xels Seuwyobs rogorc swavlebis donis amaRlebas, sxvadasxva samecniero kv-levaSi CarTvas da sxvadasxva gamoc-dilebis miRebas am sferoSi, aseve mas socialur-kulturuli daniS-nulebac aqvs.

_ ramdenad mniSvnelovania TqvenTvis es yovelive?

_ simarTle giTxraT, realisti var da am yovelives mniSvnelobas CemTvis mxolod maSin mivxvdi, roca gavige ukve Cemi warmatebis Sesaxeb. ra Tqma unda, bevrs niSnavs germanu-li kulturis da ganaTlebis siste-mis gacnoba CemTvis, davinaxav ra aris gansxvaveba qarTulsa da ger-

manuls Soris, miT ufro, rom ger-mania evropuli kulturis erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenelia.

_ rogor warmogidgeniaT is erTi weli, romelsac germaniaSi gaatarebT?

_ pirvel rigSi bevrs movindo-meb, rom ar gavacruo imedebi, Tumca mogatyuebT, rom giTxraT mxolod swavlisTvis mivdivar. gavicnob bevr sxvadasxva erovnebis adamians, SeviZen megobrebs. Sevecdebi vnaxo germaniis bevri RirsSesaniSnavi ad-gili, aseve Zalian minda daveswro germaniis `bundesligis~ romelime matCs. mokled, Sevecdebi miviRo maqsimumi yvelafrisgan.

_ rogor fiqrobT, Tqveni warmateba, Sens mondomebasa da ni-WTan erTd, risi an visi damsaxure-baa?

_ Cems garda bevri studenti monawileobda am programaSi, rom-lebic aranakleb imsaxurebdnen gamarjvebas, amitom SeiZleba iRbal-sac mivaweroT es yvelaferi.

_ rogor SefasebT dRevandel studentur cxovrebas?

_ dRevandel studentur cxovre-bas 10-ianze namdvilad ver Sevafaseb. pirvel rigSi, amaSi albaT damnaSave is socialuri problemebia, romle-bic uamrav students aqvs. vgulisx-mob imas, rom ver vatyob studenteb-Si aqtiurobas sxvadasxva proeqtSi, aseve kargi iqneboda rom SeeZlos studentTa uravlesobas paralelu-rad muSaoba, rac dRes problemas warmoadgens. Tumca problema stu-dentebSicaa, maTi sakmao nawilis mTa-vari mizani diplomia da ara swavla, magram aris studentTa nawili, rom-lebsac iseTi studenturi cxovreba aqvT, rogoric warmogvedgina, sanam studentebi gavxdebodiT.

_ ras urCevT Tanatolebs?_ axla ufro da ufro vxvdebi

cxovrebis im periodis azrs da mniS-vnelobas, rasac studentoba hqvia da minda, rom yvela Cemma Tanatolma gaiazros es.

Tanatolebs pirvel rigSi vurCev-di, rom arasdros gauSvan xelidan Tundac minimaluri Sansi imisa, rom gadadgan win nabiji maTi ganviTa-rebisaken, miT umetes maSin, roca dasakargi araferia. rac ar unda ba-nalurad JRerdes, `cda bedis monax-evrea~.

_ rogoria vaxtang nakaSiZis, rogorc baTumis saxelmwifo uni-versitetis studentis erTi Cveu-lebrivi dRis istoria?

_ me maTematikis specialobaze vswavlob. ra Tqma unda, maTemati-ka rTuli mecnierebaa da Sesabam-isad misi swavlac Zveli unda iyos, Tumca mas upiratesoba aqvs, kerZod, is, rom Tu misi niWi gaqvs, swavlac Zalian advilia. me amaSi gamimarT-la da mogatyuebT Tu vityvi, rom Zalian gadatvirTuli dRe maqvs. dro yvelafrisTvis mrCeba, Tumca ar var Zalian aqtiuri studenti. saerTo jamSi kmayofili var Cemi studentobiT da imedi maqvs, rom am erTi wlis Semdeg ufro kmayofili viqnebi.

saswavleblad gamgzavrebis molodinSi..

saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros warmomdgenlebma Temur boloTaS-vilma da vaJa kuxianiZem sainJinro-teqnologiuri fakultetis studen-tebs, profeor-maswavleblebsa da sxvadasxva kompaniis TanamSromlebs saerTaSoriso samSeneblo kodebi - ,,Senobis wesebi“ warudgines. st-umrebma Sexvedraze aseve isaubres saerTaSoriso samSeneblo kodebis sabWos saqmianobasa da saqarTvelo-Si samSeneblo saqmianobis maregu-lirebel kanonmdeblobaze. saminis-tros sagranto proeqtis farglebSi

saerTaSoriso samSeneblo kodebis -

,,Senobis wesebis~“ prezentacia

,,Senobis wesebis~ Targmna mimdin-areobs, romelic uaxloes momaval-Si saganmanaTleblo programebsa da samSeneblo procesSi dainergeba.

mudmivmoqmedi samecniero seminar-is ,,sazRvargareT mcxovreb qarTvelTa dasaxlebebisa da yofis kvlevis~ farg-lebSi asocirebulma profesorma malxaz CoxaraZem studentebsa da profesor-maswavleblebs klarjeTSi warmoebuli eqspediciis aRmoCena - Zeglis wmida giorgis eklesia gaacno. istoriuli wy-aroebis mixedviT, salocavi moxseniebu-lia ,,qarTlis cxovrebaSi~, JamTaaRmwer-lis aswlovan matianeSi, me–19 saukunidan naxsenebi aqvs araerT mkvlevars, Tumca bolo periodamde ucnobi iyo misi arse-boba. baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelm-wifo universitetis 2010 da 2011 wlebis eqspediciebis wevrebma (malxaz CoxaraZe, mamia faRava, zaza SaSikaZe) aRmoaCines, rom dRemdea Semonaxuli toponimi Zegli da Zeglis wminda salocavis naSTebi.

Zegli opizis maxlobladaa, klarje-Tis im seqtorSia, sadac Tavmoyrilia ramdenime monasteri ,,aTormet savane-Tagan~. kerZod, opiza, miZnaZori, xan-ZTa, wyarosTavi, mere. Zegli uSualod emezobleba opizas, samanqane gziT Zeg-lis wmida giorgis eklesiidan opiza-mde 11 kilometria. salocavi moqceulia grigol xanZTelis moRvaweobis ar-ealSi. eklesiis adgilmdebareoba, misi Semogarenis amJamindeli funqcia da mas-Tan dakavSirebuli rwmena–warmodgenebi cxadyofs, rom igi Tavis droze mniS-vnelovani savane unda yofiliyo.

Zeglis wmida giorgis eklesia didi zomis ar unda yofiliyo. igi daax-loebiT 40 kv. m. farTobisaa. kedlebi CamoSlilia, magram alag–alag qvebis wyoba 2,5 metris simaRlezea SemorCe-nili. nageboba me–8–9 saukuneebisaa, Sesa-Zloa, ufro adrindelic. mimdebare mi-krotoponimika qarTulia. eklesiis win ori saflavia, adgilobrivTa TqmiT, Se-idebisa, anu wminda kacebisa. klarjeTis am seqtorSi qarTuli ena aRar axsovT, Tumca niSandoblivia, rom araerTi Tqmuleba ukavSirdeba Tamar mefes, wmin-da kacebs, brZolebs da a.S.

Zegli ziareTia. ziareTobis tradicia asocirdeba wminda adgilebis molocvas-Tan, garkveuli valdebulebebis Sesrule-basTan, msxverplis SewirvasTan. winaT gurjebi ziareTSi sanTlebsac anTebdnen. dRes aseTi ram aRar dasturdeba.

sainteresoa sityva ,,Zeglis~ eti-mologia da misi dakavSireba aRmosav-leT saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebSi gavrcelebul amave sityvis mniSvnelo-basTan. termini Zegli~ aRmosavleT saqa-rTvelos mTis dialeqtebSi aRniSnavda garkveul valdebulebas, danapirebs da es valdebuleba unda aRsrulebuliyo, rac gulisxmobda salocavze misvlas da saTanado ritualis aRsrulebas. Zegli~ ukavSirdeba salocavs, Sesabamisad, mrav-lismetyvelia, rom klarjeTSi toponimi Zegli dasturdeba swored eklesiasTan, romelic amave dros aris ziareTobis tradiciasTan dakavSirebuli adgili. am TvalsazrisiT Zeglis wmida giorgis idumalebiT moculi eklesia mravali saintereso daskvnis saSualebas iZleva.

toponimi Zegli da Zeglis

wminda salocavis naSTebi

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelm-wifo universitetis reqtorma, profe-sorma alioSa bakuriZem da ivane javax-iSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis sociologiis departamen-tis ufrosma iago kaWkaWiSvilma dasav-leT saqarTveloSi moqmedi socmuSakebis gadamzadebis programis 38 kursdam-Tavrebuls sertifikatebi gadasces. gad-amzadebis programa tempusis proeqtis egdiT da baTumisa da Tbilisis saxelm-wifo universitetebis organizebiT ganx-orcielda. saswavlo kurss rsu-s profe-sor-maswavleblebi uZRvebodnen.

gadamzadebis programis

kursdamTavrebulebs

sertifikatebi gadasces

�ivnisi

giorgi goraZis monografia `fed-eralizmis perspeqtivebi saqarTveloSi. kritikuli analizi~ aris mcdeloba saqarTvelosTvis Sesaferisi terito-riuli mowyobis koncefciis SemuSavebi-sa. es koncefcia, rogorc Tavad avtori acxadebs, ar SeiZleba eyrdnobodes federalizms.

avtori ar iziarebs saqarTvelos federalizaciis ideas, ar miaCnia, rom es aris saqarTvelos teritori-uli mowyobis optimaluri varianti da gamosavali qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobis aRsadgenad. ufro metic, `federalizaciam SesaZloa, erTi mxriv, gaamwvavos is problemebi, romlebic dgas saqarTvelos winaSe da pirdapir kavSirSia qveynis teritoriul mowyo-basTan, xolo, meore mxriv, saqarTvelos saxelmwifos damatebiT Seuqmnas mniS-vnelovani problemebi, rogorc poli-tikuri, aseve ekonomikuri da samarT-lebrivi TvalsazrisiT~, –_ SesavalSive acxadebs wignis avtori.

federalizmi ar aris panacea da SeuZlebelia Tqma imisa, rom feder-aciuli saxelmwifoebi ufro demokra-tiulia, vidre unitaruli. demokratia SeiZleba Tanabrad yvaodes rogorc unitarul, ise federaciul saxelmwi-foebSi. amis Tqmis safuZvels gvaZlevs Tanamedrove demokratiuli saxelmwi-foebis arseboba, romelTac saxelmwi-foebrivi mowyobis gansxvavebuli mod-elebi gaaCniaT.

sakiTxi qveynis federalurad mowy-obis Sesaxeb SeiZleba dadges mxolod or SemTxvevaSi: 1. rodesac ar arse-bobs saxelmwifo da aseTi iqmneba an 2. rodesac arsebobs erTiani saxelmwifo da mas daSlis safrTxe emuqreba (ssrk, belgia da sxva), ris gamoc federalizmi erTaderTi gzaa qveynis erTianobis Ses-anarCuneblad.

am TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelo ar ak-mayofilebs arc pirveli da arc meore variantis pirobebs. saqarTvelos sax-elmwifo dRes arc Seqmnis stadiazea da arc kulturul-lingvistur jgufebsa Tu kuTxeebs Soris arsebobs dapiri-spireba, rom amis safuZvelze qveyanas daSla emuqrebodes. rac Seexeba afxa-zeTs, agreTve e.w. yofili samxreT os-eTis avtonomiur olqs, avtoris azriT, es problemebi mogvarebadia unitariz-mis pirobebSi, miecema ra maT avtonomia met-naklebad gafarToebuli uflebe-biT. ra Tqma unda, afxazeTis avtonomi-urobis xarisxi gacilebiT maRali unda iyos, vidre cxinvalis regionis.

miuxedavad STambeWdavi statisti-kuri monacemebisa, rom dReisaTvis federaluradaa organizebuli dedami-wis 25 % da federaciul saxelmwifoe-bSi cxovrobs msoflios mosaxleobis 40 %, rom federaciul saxelmwifoe-bze modis dasaxlebuli xmeleTisa da msoflio saxelmwifoebis mTliani Sida produqtis jamis TiTqmis naxevari da a.S., federaciul saxelmwifoTa raode-noba sxvadasxva SexedulebiT 11-dan 25 erTeulamde meryeobs. federaciul sax-elmwifoTa didi wili farTobisa da mosaxleobis TvalsazrisiT msxvil sax-elmwifoebze modis, didi teritoria ki obieqturad iTxovs teritoriul de-centralizacias. aqve aRsaniSnavia isic, rom saxelmwifoebi, romlebic feder-alurad iwodebian, xSir SemTxvevaSi Ta-visi arsiT aseTebs ar warmoadgenen.

erTmniSvnelovnad unda iTqvas, rom dReisaTvis unitarizmi aris saxelmwi-foebrivi mowyobis yvelaze gavrcele-buli forma. marTalia, bevri unita-ruli saxelmwifo ganicdis garkveul decentralizacias, magram am procesi-saTvis federalizaciis kvalifikaciis miniWeba gamarTlebulad ar migvaCnia. saxelmwifoebi didad ar Cqaroben ter-itoriuli mowyobis unitaruli for-mis Secvlas federaciuliT.

arsebobs sapirispiro tendenciebic _ mravali federaciuli saxelmwifo ganicdis unitarizacias, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT ruseTis, laTinuri amerikis qveynebis, aziisa da afrikis calkeul federaciul saxelmwifoebze, amis mag-aliTebi arsebobs Tundac germaniisa da avstriis saxelmwifoebis saxiT, romle-bic oficialurad federaciulad iwo-debian, magram realurad es ase ar aris da maTi federaciis subieqtebi, faqto-

brivad, uuflebo rgolebs warmoad-genen.

meore mxriv, avtoris azriT, didia daintereseba supranacionaluri feder-alizmisadmi. mimdinare globalizaciis fonze wina planze wamoiwevs federal-izmis, rogorc saxelmwifoTaSorisi urTierTobis formis sakiTxi. amis niSnebi arsebobs rogorc evropis, ise amerikis kontinentze. savaraudod, sax-elmwifoTa daaxloebas met stimuls miscems msoflioSi jer kidev mimdin-are ekonomikuri da safinanso krizisi. aqedan gamomdinare, avtors miaCnia, rom evrokavSirSi integraciuli procesebi kidev ufro gaRrmavdeba.

avtori exeba evraziul kavSirsac da ambobs, rom saxelmwifoTa integraciis konteqstSi saubaria evraziuli kav-Siris, evraziuli federalizmis Seqmnaze postsabWoTa sivrceSi, Tumca es idea, civi¬lizebuli msofliosgan gansxvave-biT, ar emyareba humanur da liberalur ideologias. evraziuli kavSiris ideis TiTqmis yvela warmomadgenlisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia ssrk-sadmi nostal-giuri damokidebuleba da xSirad sab-WoTa imperiis dadebiT konteqstSi mox-senieba. paralelurad, ZiriTadad rusi mecnierebisa da politikosebis mier, gaxSirda federalizmisa da imperiis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxze msjeloba da imperiis, rogorc did federaciul saxelmwifod warmoCena. amdenad, arse-bobs safuZvliani eWvi, rom evraziuli kavSiri ufro axali imperiis Seqmnisa Tu Zvelis reanimaciis mcdelobaa da calkeuli fsevdomecnieruli msjelo-bebiT xdeba misi gamarTleba, –_ askvnis avtori.

avtori calke qveTavs uTmobs saqa-rTvelos federalizaciis proeqtebs, maT Soris e.w. `bodenis dokuments~ da koncefcias `saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi afxazeTis gansakuTrebuli statusis Sesaxeb~. avtori sakmao siRrmiT ganix-ilavs am proeqtebs da maTi analizis Sedegad gamoTqvams garkveul kriti-kul SeniSvnebs. avtori aseve akritikebs afxazeTis sakiTxebTan da saxelmwifos mowyobasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos respublikuri partiis midgomas. av-torisaTvis gansakuTrebiT miuRebe-lia respublikuri partiis erT-erTi lideris mosazreba, rom TiTqos afxa-zebs ufleba aqvT Seqmnan damoukidebeli saxelmwifo da maTi gadasawyvetia saqa-rTvelos SemadgenlobaSi iqnebian Tu ara. giorgi goraZes miuReblad miaCnia aseTi midgoma da ambobs, rom „yvelam, vinc afxazeTis damoukideblobis mizan-Sewonilobaze akeTebs gancxadebas, unda gaacnobieros, rom es aris eTnowmendis gamarTleba da waxaliseba.“

wignSi calke qveTavi eTmoba saqa-rTvelos federalizaciis momxreTa argumentebs. rogorc avtori ambobs, arsebobs mravali mosazreba, rom saqa-rTvelo unda gaxdes federaciuli saxelmwifo. am mosazrebis avtorTa upirvelesi argumenti teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenaa, Tumca gaugebar-ia, rogor Seuwyobs xels saqarTvelos calkeuli istoriuli kuTxeebisa¬gan federaciis subieqtebis Seqmna, vTqvaT, afxazeTis konfliqtis gadawyvetas?

Tu saubaria orsubieqtian, bipo-larul federaciaze saqarTvelosa da afxazeTis kavSiris saxiT, mas didi xnis perspeqtiva ar uweria. aseTi federaci-is Seqmna romc davuSvaT, is didxans ver iarsebebs da iqneba erT-erTi etapi afx-azeTis ara mxolod de faqto, aramed de iure damoukideblobis mopovebisa. amis

magaliTebs mravlad icnobs msoflios uaxlesi istoria. bipolarul federa-ciaze msjelobisas avtori calke ganix-ilavs belgiis fedracias. rogorc av-tori askvnis, evropis erT-erT yvelaze ganviTarebul qveyanaSi _ belgiaSic ki, romelic bevrs devoluciuri da bipo-laruli saxelmwifos warmatebul mag-aliTad warmoudgenia, imdenad didia dezintegraciuli procesi, rom zogi-erTi mecnieri da politikosi uaxloes momavalSi am qveynis daSlas winaswarm-etyvelebs.

avtori exeba saqarTvelos federal-izaciis momxreTa sxva argumentebsac da aRniSnavs, rom isini ar aris saTanadod dasabuTebuli da naklebad Seesabameba saqarTvelos sinamdviles.

rac Seexeba iseT arguments, rogori-caa xelisuflebis geografiulad xalx-Tan miaxloeba da adgilobrivi prob-lematikis ukeT codna, saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi avtors es uadgilod eCvene-ba qveynis masStabebis gamo. am Tvalsaz-risiT, ra funqciac akisriaT federa-ciis subieqtebs did saxelmwifoebSi, igive funqcias warmatebiT Seasruleben municipalitetebi saqarTvelos piro-bebSi. municipalitetebi ufro axlos iqnebian mosaxleobasTan da ukeT eco-dinebaT adgilobrivi problematika, vidre maTze maRla mdgom kidev erT damatebiT rgols federaciis subi-eqtis saxiT.

avtoris azriT, bevr upiratesobas, rac zogadad gaaCnia federalizms, saqa-rTvelos sinamdvileSi daCrdilavs fed-eralizmisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli negati-uri gamovlinebebi da eqneba uaryofiTi efeqti. magaliTad, policentrizmma, ro-melic xels uwyobs politikuri proce-sebis ganviTarebis Tanabrobas qveynis mTel teritoriaze da ayalibebs poli-tikuri dialogis kulturas, saqarT-veloSi SesaZloa uaryofiTi aspeqtebiT iCinos Tavi. kerZod, SesaZlebelia fed-eralizmma ufro ganamtkicos biurokra-tiuli elementebi saxelmwifo marTvaSi, Seqmnas mTeli rigi problemebi fed-eraciis subieqtis doneze warmomad-genlobiTi demokratiis institutebis saqmianobis TvalsazrisiT. kidev ufro garTuldeba politikuri gadawyvetile-bebis miRebis procesi, rac isedac war-moadgens federalizmis erT-erT nakls, vinaidan xSiri damatebiTi politikuri dialogis aucilebloba arTulebs politikuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebis process. saqarTvelosTvis, romelic gansakuTrebiT Tanamedrove etapze dgas didi safrTxebis winaSe, politikuri gadawyvetilebebis drouli miuRebloba SeiZleba fataluric ki aRmoCndes.

federaciul saxelmwifoSi metad mw-vaved dgas adgilobrivi politikuri elitis kontrolis problemac, rac, savaraudod, Cveni qveynis geopoliti-kuri mdgomareobidan, aseve saqarT-velos calkeuli kuTxeebis specifiki-dan gamomdinare, mTeli simwvaviT iCens Tavs. Sedegad Camoyalibdeba partiku-laruli federalizmi, rac iqneba qvey-nis sisustis mizezi. saqarTvelos fed-eralizacia damatebiT stimuls miscems separatistul tendenciebs da axali daZabulobis kerebis Seqmnas. aseT Sem-TxvevaSi saqarTvelos centraluri xe-lisufleba iZulebuli iqneba mudmivad dakavebuli iyos am kerebis CaqrobiT da ar wamoegos sxvadasxva saxis poli-tikur provokaciaze.

politikuri elitis kontrolis problemis mware gakveTili saqarTve-lom ukve gamoscada uaxloes warsulSi aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis xe-

lisuflebis saxiT da ukan dabrunebis survili aravis ar unda amoZravebdes.

federalizmisaTvis damaxasiaTe-beli upiratesoba politikuri ambi-ciis dakmayofilebisa da politikuri lideris Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos federalizaciisaTvis av-tors arsebiT argumentad ar miaCnia. politikuri ambiciis dakmayofilebisa da politikuri lideris Camoyalibebis problema SeiZleba idges did saxelmwi-foebSi, magram ara saqarTveloSi. esec rom ar iyos, politikuri ambiciis da-kmayofilebisa da politikuri lideris Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT mniS-vnelovan rols TamaSobs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba da politikuri par-tia, ris gamoc damatebiTi saxelmwifo institutebis SemoReba gamarTlebulad ar migvaCnia.

federalizmi didi fuli Rirs da, amdenad, federalizaciis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebis danaxarjebi kolosalurad gaizrdeba.

garda amisa, rogorc zogierTi eko-nomisti fiqrobs, federalizmis prin-cipebi ver uwyobs xels ekonomikur integracias. federalizmis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos kuTxeebi erTgvarad Caik-eteba. SesaZlebelia, federalizmis pi-robebSi qveynis calkeuli nawilebi ufro swrafad ganviTardes, vidre sxva. aseTi ganviTarebis uaryofiTi Sedegi ki SeiZleba gamoixatos ara mxolod qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisadmi xelis SeSlaSi, aramed am garemoebam SesaZlebelia realuri safrTxe Seuqm-nas qveynis erTianobasac. federaluri konkurencia SeiZleba gadaizardos destruqciul, Tavisi arsiT damangrev-el partikularul konkurenciaSi.

Tu saqarTvelos uaxloes gamoc-dilebas da arsebul safrTxeebs gaviT-valiswinebT, advili SesaZlebelia, rom saqarTvelos federalizacias mohyves federaciis calkeuli subieqtebis eko-

nomikuri Caketiloba, xolo qveynis cen-traluri biujeti xSirad aRmoCndes adgilobrivi politikuri elitebis `tyve~.

avtoris azriT, aseve mcdaria Sexed-uleba imis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqos fed-eralizmi xels uwyobs mosaxleobis met-naklebad proporciul gansaxlebas saxelmwifos calkeul regionebSi da, Sesabamisad, aRar moxdeba TbilisSi mo-saxleobis didi odenobiT koncentracia. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom msgavsi problema awuxebs rogorc federaciul, ise unitarul saxelmwifoebs, SeiZleba iTqvas, es zogadad megapolisebis prob-lemaa, rac ufro social-ekonomikur da finansur faqtorebTan aris dakav-Sirebuli da ara qveynis teritoriul mowyobasTan.

saqarTvelos federalizacia ver daaregulirebs verc teritoriul da verc sxva problemebs. ufro metic, av-tors miaCnia, rom igi uaryofiTad imo-qmedebs qveynis momaval ganviTarebaze. saqarTvelos federalizaciis Sedegad SemoRebuli federaciis subieqtis done iqneba zedmeti rgoli centralur xe-lisuflebasa da municipalitets Soris, romelic did tvirTad daawveba qveyanas, rogorc finansuri, ise politikuri da samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT.

amasTanave, Tanamedrove federaciul saxelmwifoTa didi umravlesoba uni-tarizacias ganicdis. da, Tu es asea, ra saWiroa saqarTveloSi, faqtobrivad unitarul qveyanaSi, saxelmwifos mowy-obis ufro rTuli modeli davnergoT, raTa Semdeg kvlav sawyis mdgomareobas davubrundeT?

avtori askvnis rom saqarTvelo unda iyos unitaruli saxelmwifo ramdenime avtonomiiT, romelTa Soris afxazeTis avtonomiurobis xarisxi iqneba gacile-biT maRali da igi iqneba aRWurvili mniSvnelovani kompetenciebiT. parale-lurad unda gaizardos adgilobri-vi TviTmmarTvelobis kompetenciaTa farglebi. saxelmwifos teritoriuli mowyobis TvalsazrisiT, avtors erT-erT misabaZ magaliTad dania miaCnia, romelic aris unitaruli saxelmwifo ori avtonomiiT.

wigni mdidaria sqolioebiTa da bibliografiiT. avtors gamoyenebu-li aqvs orasamde wyaro rogorc qa-rTul, ise rusul, inglisur da ger-manul enebze.

wignis _ ,,federalizmis perspeqtivebi saqarTveloSi“~ prezentacia

sacialur mecnierenaTa, biznesis da samarTalmcodneobis fakulte-tis resurscentrSi gaimarTa samar-Tlis doqtoris, saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTx-Ta saministros samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofis departamentis ufrosis _ giorgi goraZis wig-nis ,,federalizmis perspeqtivebi saqarTveloSi~ prezentacia.

saprezentacio wignze isau-bres srulma profesorma murman gorgoSaZem, asoc. profesoreb-maL: malxaz nakaSiZem da omar max-araZem. wignis avtorma dawvr-ilebiT isaubra wignSi dasmul problemebze. avtors araerTi SekiTxva dausves damswreebma.

� ivnisi

teqnologiuri ganviTa-rebis swrafi tempis piro-bebSi, rodesac dro da in-formacia gansakuTrebulad Rirebuli gaxda, prioriteti swored teqnikur saSualebebs mieniWa. amis yvelaze Tval-saCino magaliTi mobiluri telefoni da kompiuteruli teqnologiebia.

sxvadasxva adamiani mobi-lur telefons gansxvavebuli daniSnulebiT iyenebs, iqne-ba es mobiluri komunikacia misi sxvadasxva saxiT (xmovani funqciebi, teqsturi Setyo-bineba, eleqtronuli fosta), suraTebis gagzavna Tu miReba, foto– da videokamera, inter-neti, rogorc garTobis saSu-aleba da mravali sxva.

Cvens cxovrebaSi, miuxe-davad misi aseTi didi ro-lisa, mobiluri telefonis mavneblobazec bevrs lapara-koben. erTia fizikuri janmr-Teloba, xolo meore so-cialuri mxare, adamianebis urTierTobaze mobiluri telefonis gavlena. magram miuxedavad Tavisi arsebobis mesame aTwleulisa, adamianis janmrTelobaze misi gavlenis sakiTxi jerac burusiT aris moculi.

aris Tu ara janmrTelo-bisTvis saziano mobiluri telefoniT sargebloba, es oficialuri uwyebebis mier jer savsebiT arc dadasture-bulia da arc uaryofili. erTni fiqroben, rom sazianoa, sxvani ki amis damamtkicebels verafers xedaven, Tumca cv-lilebebsac ver uaryofen.

mobiluri telefoni muS-aobis procesSi gamoasxivebs garkveuli sixSiris talRebs, romelTa meSveobiTac sxva telefonTan kavSiri myard-eba. adamianis organizmze am gamosxivebis efeqtis Sesas-wavlad, msoflios masStabiT, milionebi ixarjeba.

IInterphone Study Group-is mier Catarebul oTxwlian kvlevaSi 13 qveyanaSi mcxovrebi Tavis tvinis kiboTi daavadebuli 5000 adamiani monawileobda. kvleva 2004 wels dasrulda da misma Rirebulebam 20 mil-ioni evro Seadgina. dadas-turda, rom mobiluri tele-fonebis momxmareblebSi Tavis tvinis kibos gaCenis riski ar aRemateba aramomxmarebelTaT-vis arsebul risks.

imaves adasturebs kibos kvlevis saerTaSoriso saagen-tos (IARC) dakvirvebebi da statistikuri gaTvlebi, ro-melic 10 000 adamianze Cat-arda SvedeTsa da sxva iseT qveynebSi, sadac mobilurebs ukve wlobiT intensiurad iyenebdnen. mkvlevrebi amiT ar kmayofildebian. maT 30-wliani proeqtic ki aqvT dagegmili, romelSic 250 aTasi adamiani miiRebs monaw-ileobas.

avtoritetulma ameri-kulma organizacia eWG-ma (Environmental Working Group) 2010 wels gamoikvlia mobiluri telefonis gavlena adamianis janmrTelobaze. miRebuli Sedegebi urTierTsawinaaRm-degoa. mimdinare wlis seqtem-berSi nacionalurma insti-tutma “rakam” aSS-Si aRniSnul Temaze gamoaqveyna naSromi. eqimebi, ZiriTadad, eZebdnen kavSirs ukabelo telefonebis moxmarebasa da Tavis tvinis sxvadasxva saxis simsivnis Cam-oyalibebas Soris. sabolood

yvela Tanxmdeba, rom mobi-luri telefonebis gamoyene-bam farTo masStabi imdenad cota xania rac miiRo, rom naadrevia daskvnebis gakeTeba.

los-anJelesis universite-tisa da daniuri qalaqis, orxusis mecnierebma Seiswav-les 13 000 mozardis janmr-Teloba, romlebic 1990-iani wlebis miwuruls daibad-nen. aRmoCnda, rom patarebs, romelTa dedebi fexmZimobis periodSi mobiluri tele-foniT dReSi orjer mainc laparakobda, 54%-iT meti midrekileba hqondaT ganviTa-rebis Seferxebisken. kerZod, isini hiperaqtiurebi arian, maT uWirT TanatolebTan kon-taqtis damyareba, zedmetad emociurebi arian da gaaCniaT qceviTi problemebi. xolo Tu “mobilizebuli” bavSvebi Tvi-Tonac adre iwyeben mobiluri telefonebis gamoyenebas, igive gadaxrebis riski 80%-iT iz-rdeba.

upirveles yovlisa, mobi-lurebi axdenen neirodegen-eratiuli aSlilobis pro-vocirebas da centraluri nervuli sistemis moSlas, - amtkicebs eleqtromagni-turi usafrTxoebis centris direqtori, neirogamosxive-baTa dacvis ruseTis erovnu-li komitetis Tavmjdomaris moadgile, biologiur mec-nierebaTa kandidati oleg grigorievi.

neirogamosxivebaTagan sazogadoebis dacvis ruseTis nacionaluri komitetis spe-cialistebma moamzades mox-seneba `bavSvebi da mobiluri telefonebi: momavali Taoba seriozul safrTxeSia~. bavS-vebs, romlebic iyeneben mo-bilur telefonebs, SesaZloa gamouvlindeT mexsierebis daqveiTeba, yuradRebis modun-eba, gonebrivi da SemecnebiTi unarebis daqveiTeba, gaRiz-ianebadoba, uZiloba, stresu-li reaqciebisken midrekile-ba, epileptikuri mzadyofnis amaRleba.

SesaZloa mogvianebiTi Sedegebic: `tvinisa da sme-niT-vestibularuli nervuli sistemis simsivne (25-30 wlis asakSi), alcheimeris daavadeba, gonebis daClungeba, depresi-uli sindromi da Tavis tvi-nis nervuli struqturebis degeneraciuli gamovlinebani (50-60 wlis asakSi)~.

jandacvis msoflio or-ganizaciam rusi mecnierebis daskvnebi msoflios mravali qveynis mTavrobebSi ofi-cialurad gaavrcela.

aseve Svedi mecnierebi askvnian, rom mobilurebis gamoyenebiT bavSvebSi tvinis simsivnis riski xuTjer iz-rdeba. daavadeba, SesaZloa, maSinve ar gamovlindes da mogvianebiT iCinos Tavi.

Svedi mecnierebis am mosaz-rebas qarTveli eqimebic izi-areben. asociacia “janmrTeli samyaros” samedicino eqspertis zurab futkaraZis gancxadebiT, mobilurebis eleqtromagni-turi gamosxiveba uaryofiTad moqmedebs adamianis janmrT-elobaze. misi TqmiT, mozard-ebSi nervuli sistema jer kidev Camouyalibebelia, rac riskebs kidev ufro zrdis. amrigad, eqimebi gvirCeven, rom ar Rirs, mobiluri telefonebiT

isargeblon 12 wlamde asakis bavSvebma.

zogjer telefonebs gul-sisxlZarRvTa daavadebebisa da tvinis kibos gaCenaSic ki adanaSauleben.

msgavs kvlevebSi qarTveli mecnierebic arian CarTulni. Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-sitetis bazaze arsebuli lab-oratoria ukve ramdenime we-lia TanamSromlobs kompania motorolasTan. mecnierebaTa kandidatis, daviT kakulias mixedviT, kvlevebi ZiriTadad ori mimarTulebiT tardeba: pirvel SemTxvevaSi ikvleven telefonis gamosxivebis ener-giis gavleniT adamianis or-ganoebis temperaturis zrdas. meore saxis zemoqmedebas bi-ologiur zemoqmedebas uwo-deben. Tu dasxivebis doza didia, SesaZloa, organoebi gadaxurdes, rac Seuqcevad dazianebebs iwvevs. amis gamo SemuSavebulia standarti, romelic zeda zRvars awe-sebs telefonis gamosxivebis simZlavreze. msxvili mwarmoe-blebi am standarts mkacrad icaven da maTi produqciisgan miRebuli gamosxivebis ener-gia TiTqmis aTjer naklebia zRvrulad dasaSvebze. Tum-ca, ulicenziod warmoebuli telefonebi am mxriv ar kon-troldeba da, SesaZloa, ufro maRali gamosxiveba hqondeT. aseTi telefonebi, romlebsac saqarTveloSi „Cinur“ mobi-lurebs uwodeben, qarTul bazarze mravladaa.

mobiluri telefonis mier gamosxivebuli energia imazec aris damokidebuli, ramdenad Sors imyofeba aparati sad-gurebisgan. rac ufro `cu-dad iWers~, miT intensiurad asxivebs telefoni.

efeqti gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania centraluri sadgurebisgan moSorebul adgilebSi, sadac signali mudmivad sustia. Tumca, am efeqtis Semcirebac advilia, Tu telefons Tavisgan mo-SorebiT daviWerT, ris saSu-alebasac distanciuri garni-turiT aRWurvili aparatebi iZleva.

mecnierebs isic aintere-sebT, ra gavlenas axdens mo-biluri telefoni spermis xarisxze. klivlendis klini-kis specialistebma axlaxan ramdenime gamokvlevac ki Caatares.

erT-erTi eqsperimentis ms-vlelobisas 32 mamakacis sper-mis nimuSi saubris reJimSi CarTuli mobiluri tele-fonebis gverdiT moaTavses. erTsaaTiani zemoqmedebis Semdeg spermatozoidebis si-cocxlis unari sagrZnoblad Semcirda. meore eqsperimentis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, mobiluri telefonis dReSi 4 saaTze metxans gamoyeneba auaresebs spermis xarisxs.

marTalia, mecnierebi aRi-areben, rom am sferoSi kidev mravali kvlevaa Casatarebeli, mamakacebs mainc urCeven, mo-biluri telefonebi Sarv-lis wina jibeSi ar Caidon da ufro xSirad gamoiyenon Hands-free garnituri. isini mflobelebs urCeven, saubri-sas telefoni sxeulidan erTi metris moSorebiT daiWiron da gamoiyenon xmamaRali kav-Siris reJimi, mowyobiloba `hends-fri~ an sayurisi.

eqimebi mflobelebs ur-Ceven, SeZlebisdagvarad ar ataron mobiluri sxeulTan axlos. da bolos, umjobesia SMS-is gamoyeneba da saubris-gan Tavis Sekaveba avtomobil-

iT an matarebliT mgzavro-bisas, radgan liToni kidev ufro aferxebs kavSiris da-myarebas da ukve gasagebia, rom kavSiri rac ufro cu-dia, miT metia gamosxiveba.

kanadaSi Catarebuli gamokvlevebis Sedegad dadg-inda, rom saWis marTvis dros mobiluris gamoyeneba saSiSia, iseve rogorc nasvam mdgomareobaSi manqanis mar-Tva, radgan yuradRebis kon-centracia ecema 30%–mde.

amrigad, sabolood unda aRiniSnos, rom arc erT kv-levas ar Seaqvs sicxade mo-biluri telefonebis ma-vneblobisa Tu uvneblobis sakiTxSi. arsebobs azrTa didi sxvadasxvaoba. Tumce, erTi ram cxadia, rom mobi-luri telefoni aZlierebs eleqtromagnitur gamosxive-bas. yvela Tanxmdeba imazedac, rom es gamosxiveba ufro ma-vnebelia, vidre sasargeblo. gasagebia, rom mobilurebs Tavs aravin daanebebs. magram SesaZloa minimumamde iqnas dayvanili ziani, romelisc SeiZleba man miayenos janmr-Telobas. amitomac SeimuSaves garkveuli rekomendaciebi am mavneblobis xarisxis Sesam-subuqeblad:

1. gamoiyeneT ufro nakle-bgamosxivebiani telefonebi;

2. SeamcireT saubrebis dro mobilurebiT. sasurve-lia dReSi ilaparakoT ara umetes 15 wuTisa;

3. naklebi ilaparakeT da meti moismineT, radgan tele-foni metad gamoasxivebs in-formaciis gadacemisas, iqne-ba es xmovani informacia Tu teqsturi;

4. ecadeT, telefoni Tqven-gan moSorebiT gqondeT;

5. laparakis dros isarge-bleT `hends-fris~ garnitu-riT;

6. RamiT mobiluri gamor-TeT. ukidures SemTxvevaSi ki Tavidan erTi metris moSore-biT dadeT;

7. SeuzRudeT bavSvebs mobiluri telefonis gamoy-eneba. aRsaniSnavia, rom ms-gavsi akrZalva oficialurad gamoacxada msoflios eqvsma qveyanam.

gisurvebT jansaR sicocx-les! gisurvebT janmrTe-lobas!

guguli dumbaZe

asocirebuli profesori, ganaTlebisa da

mecnierebaTa fakulteti, biologiis departamenti

2012 wlis 8 ivniss baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universite-tis 511 auditoriaSi Catarda amave universitetSi iuridiuli fakulte-tis daarsebidan 20 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili viqtorina, romelSic monawileobas Rebulobdnen samar-Talmcodneobis specialobis stu-dentebi. viqtorinaze gamotanili SekiTxvebi Seexeboda baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universite-tis iuridiuli fakultetis, baTu-mis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis istoriasa da iu-ridiuli ganaTlebis sakiTxebs saqa-rTveloSi. viqtorina mihyavda iu-ridiul mecnierebaTa departamentis xelmZRvanels, srul profesors, ba-ton murman gorgoSaZes. viqtorinaSi monawileobda 3 gundi. iuridiul mecnierebaTa departamentis profe-sor-maswavleblebma daaweses viqto-rinaSi gamarjvebulisTvis saprizo Tanxa 100 laris odenobiT.

viqtorinaSi gaimarjva da pirve-li adgili aiRo me-3 kurselTa gundma Semdegi SemadgenlobiT: mariam mamulaZe, nana TavdgiriZe, paata diasamiZe, giorgi gogiCaiS-vili, irma abaSiZe.

iuridiul mecnierebaTa depar-tamenti studentebs warmatebebsa da Semdgom gamarjvebebs usurvebs.

SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis, iuridiul mecniere-baTa departamentis maswavlebeli nikoloz megreliSvili 2012 wlis 15-19 maiss miwveuli iyo bulgareTis qalaq blagoevgradSi, sadac Catarda samxreT-dasavleT ,,neofit rilkis~ universitetis, samarTlisa da isto-riis fakultetis 20 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saerTaSoriso samecnie-ro konferencia Temaze: ,,samarTali, mmarTveloba da masmedia XXIIi sauku-neSi~. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetsa da blagoevgradis samxreT-dasavleT ,,neofit rilkis~ universitets Soris wlebis man-Zilze viTardeboda samecniero da megobruli urTierTobebi. konfer-enciis sazeimo gaxsnaze, romelsac eswrebodnen samxreT-dasavleT ,,neofit rilkis~ universitetis req-tori, profesori ivan mirCevi da sxva oficialuri pirebi, nikoloz megreliSvilma waikiTxa SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universite-tis reqtoris, profesor alioSa bakuriZis milocva. konferencia gaimarTa bulgareTis evrokavSiris sakiTxebis marTvis ministris tomis-lav donCevis patronaJiT. konfer-enciaSi monawileobdnen evropis wa-myvani universitetebis profesorebi: mixeil geistlingeri (,,zalcburgis universiteti~, avstria), sergei kaS-kini (`moskovis saxelmwifo iuridi-uli akademia~, ruseTi), milan mi-lanovi (samxreT-dasavleT ,,neofit rilkis~ universiteti, bulgareTi), gabriela belova (samxreT-dasavleT ,,neofit rilkis~ universitetis, samarTlisa da istoriis fakulte-tis dekani,bulgareTi), strasko stoianovski (,,goce delCevis sax-elobis universiteti~, makedonia) kirile angelovi (,,sofiis teqnikuri universiteti~, bulgareTi) da sxv. nikoloz megreliSvilma konfer-enciaze waikiTxa moxseneba Temaze: ,,saqarTvelos konstituciis ganvi-Tarebis etapebi 1995-2010 wlebSi~.

mobiluri telefoni da janmrTelobasamarTali, mmarTveloba

da masmedia XXI saukuneSi

viqtorina

�ivnisi

yvelasaTvis cnobil gazeTSi The New York Times gamoqveynda niu iorkis universitetis filosofiis fakultetis TanamSromlis robert krizis (Robert Crease) da bruqhevenis nacionaluri laboratoriis istorikosis stoni brukis (Stony Brook) statia, romelSic asaxulia amerikeli fizikosebis gamokiTx-vis Sedegebi aTi yvelaze lamazi eqsperi-mentis gamovlenis mizniT fizikis ganviTa-rebis manZilze. Sedegad aT yvelaze lamaz eqsperimentad dasaxelebulia:

1. eleqtronebis difraqcia xvrelebze

1961 wels g e r m a n e l i f i z i k o s i s klaus ion-sonis mier eqsperimenta-lurad damt-kicda, rom i n t e r f e r -enciisa da

difraqciis movlenebi, romlebic vlindeboda sinaTlis talRebis SemTxvevaSi, samarTli-ania elementaruli nawilakebis nakadisaTvisac. ionsonis eqsperimenti praqtikulad imeorebda ori saukunis winandel tomas iungis eqsperi-ments, mxolod sinaTlis sxivis nacvlad mis mier gamoyenebuli iqna eleqtronebis nakadi. aRsaniSnavia, rom eqsperimentis Sedegebi jer kidev XX saukunis dasawyisSi iwinaswarme-tyveles albert ainStainma da maqs plankma.

2. galileis cda Tavilufal vardnil sxeulebze

galileim pirve-lad daadgina, rom mZime sxeulebi qve-moT vardeba iseve swrafad, rogorc msubuqi. imisaTvis, rom daedasturebi-na es mosazreba, igi pizis koSkidan er-Troulad agdebda naRmtyorcnis birTvs masiT 80 kg da gac-ilebiT msubuq tyvias masiT 200 grami. orive sxeuls daax-loebiT erTnairi formis moyvaniloba hqondaT. eqsperimen-tiT dadginda, rom isini miwas erTrou-

lad aRwevdnen. galileimde batonobda aristo-teles Sexeduleba, romlis mixedviTac msubuqi sxeulebi garkveuli simaRlidan vardebian nela mZime sxeulebTan SedarebiT.

3. milikenis cda eleqtronis muxtis gansazRvraze

a m e r i k e l i fizikosis, nobelis premiis lauriatis robert milikenis cdiT gansazRvru-lia eleqtronis mux-tis sidide. milik-enis eqsperimentSi gamokvleulia damux-tuli zeTis wveTis yofaqceva konden-

satoris eleqtrul velSi. rentgenis sxivebiT martivad ionizirdeboda haeris molekulebi kondensatoris Semonafenebs Soris, rac ganapi-robebda damuxtuli zeTis wveTis muxtis cv-lilebas. milikenma daadgina zeTis muxti icv-leboda diskretulad erTi da imave sididiTe, romelic elementaluri nawilakis – eleqtronis muxtis tolada miCneuli.

3. sinaTlis dispersia prizmaze

ingliseli mecnieri isak niutoni sinaT-lis sxivs at-arebda minis prizmaSi. am eqs-perimentis Sede-gad niutonma daadgina, rom TeTri sinaTle Sedgeba Svidi

ferisagan: wiTeli, narinjisferi, yviTeli, mwvane, cisferi, lurji da iisferi.

5. sinaTlis difraqcia xvrelze

tomas iungi mimarTavda sinaT-lis sxivs or erTmaneTis max-loblad ganla-gebul xvrelTan, Sedegad man aRmo-aCina, rom ekranze miRebuli gamosax-uleba araTanabrad iyo ganaTebuli da Sedgeboda naTeli da bneli zole-

biosagan. ase aRmoaCines sinaTlis interferen-ciis movlena, romelic adasturebda sinaTlis talRur bunebas.

6. henri kavendiSis eqsperimenti gravitaciuli mudmivas gansazRvrisaTvis

ingliselma fizikos-ma henri kavendiSma gansazRvra gravitaci-uli mudmivis sidide. amisaTvis man gamoiyena suraTze gamosaxuli danadgari. eqsperimen-tis Sedegad didi si-zustiT gansazRvrulia gravitaciuli midmivas ricxviTi mniSvneloba. am ukanasknelma ki kav-endiSs saSualeba misca pirvelad ganesazRvra dedamiwis masa.

7. erastofenis eqsperimenti dedamiwis radiusis gansazRvraze

es aris erT–erTi yvelaze Zve-li eqsperimeti erastofen kirenel-is. is iyo aleqsan-driis biblioTekis biblioTekari da moRvaweobda Cvens welTaRricxvamde mesame saukuneSi. man gansazRvra dedami-

wis sferos radiusi (misi Sedegi daaxloebiT 6300 km–ia, rac Tanamedrove Sedegisagan gansx-vavdeba mxolod 5%–iT). zafxulis mzian dReebSi qalaq sienSi (amJamad asuani) mze imyofeboda ze-nitSi da sagnebs Crdili ar hqondaT. imave dRes da imave dros aleqsandriaSi, romelic 5000 sta-diiT iyo daSorebuli sienidan mze gadaixara ze-nitidan daaxloebiT 7 gradusiT, rac Seadgenda daaxloebiT sruli wris (360o –is) 1/50–s. aqedan erastofenma daadgina, dedamiwis radiusi, ro-melic 250 000 stadiis toli unda yofiliyo.

8. galileis eqsperimenti daxril sibrtyeze mosriale birTvebiT

galileim gamoiyena daxrili sibryte glu-vi zedapiriT da masze akvirdeboda latunis birTvebis srials. wy-lis saaTis meSveobiT gansazRvrul droiT intervalSi gali-lei zomavda manZils, romelsac es birTvebi

gadiodnen daxrili sibrtyis gaswvriv. galileim daadgina, rom Tu dros gazrdida orjer, birT-vebi gadiodnen oTxjer met manZils. am eqsperi-mentma uaryo aristoteles Sexeduleba imis Tao-baze, rom birTvebis siCqare mudmivi iqneboda.

9. rezerfordis eqsperimenti a-nawilakebis gabnevaze.

i n g l i s e l i fizikosis, no-belis premi-is lauriantis ernst rezer-fordis eqsperi-mentiT dadge-nilia atomis struqtura. a-

nawilakebis oqros folgis gavliT da gabnev-is SeswavliT rezerfordi mivida daskvnamde, rom atomis mTeli dadebiTi muxti Tavmoy-rilia centrSi, Zalian maur da kompaqtur birTvSi. uaryofiTad damuxtuli nawilakebi (eleqtronebi) brunaven am birTvis irgvliv wriul orbitebze. atomis struqturis es modeli Zireulad gansxvavdeboda im drois-aTvis farTod damkvidrebul tomsonis mod-elisagan, romlis Tanaxmadac dadebiTi muxti Tanabrad iyo ganawilebuli atomis mTel moculobaSi, xolo eleqtronebi maTTan igi mimagrebuli. mogvianebiT rezerfordis mod-elma miiRo saxelwodeba _ atomis planetar-tuli modeli (atomis struqtura realurad gavs mzis sistemas: mZime birTvi _ mze, xolo mis irgvlis wriul orbitebze mbrunavi eleqtronebi _ planetebi).

10. fukos qanqara.

1851 wels frangma fizikosma Jan bernar leon fukom eqsperi-mentalurad daamtkica, rom dedamiwa mzis irgvlis brunavs. eqs-perimentisaTvis man 67 metriani qanqara gamoiyena, romelic Camokida parizis pan-Teonis mwvervalze. ms-gavsi qanqara dRemde arsebobs sankt peter-burgSi isaakis sakaT-edro.

profesori nugzar RomiZe,fizikis departamenti

aTi yvelaze lamazi eqsperimenti fizikaSi

nivTs, romelic mowyenisa da modunebis saSualebas ara-vis aZlevs da romlis gareSec dRes cxovreba ubralod war-moudgenelia, sakmaod STambe-Wdavi da didi xnis istoria aqvs. es metad saWiro nivTi, ra Tqma unda, televizoria.

mas Semdeg, rac adamian-ma didi fiqrisa da Sromis Sedegad radiosignalebis ga-dacema moaxerxa, moZravi ga-mosaxulebis gadacemaze dai-wyo fiqri. aRniSnuli miznis ganxorcieleba arc ise advili aRmoCnda da amaSi Tavadac darwmundebiT, Tu televizo-ris muSaobis princips cotaTi mainc gaecnobiT.

pirvel rigSi, satelevizio e.w. videio kamera saganze fokusirdeba, Semdeg ,,kiTxu-lobs~ gamosaxulebas zustad ise, rogorc adamiani kiTxu-lobs dabeWdil teqsts gada-cemis msvlelobisas. adamianis-gan gansxvavebiT, satelevizio kamera gamosaxulebebs xaze-bad _striqonebad yofs, ro-melic mcire wertilebisagan _piqselebisagan Sedgeba. ada-miani ki furcelze dawerils striqonebad aRiqvams.

striqonebad dayofili ga-mosaxulebebi eleqtronul signalebad gardaiqmneba, rom-lic SesaZlebelia gadaices gadamcemi punqtidan mimReb punqtamde. mimReb puqtSi spe-cialuri mimRebi mowyobiloba

eleqtronul signals kvlav ga-mosaxulebad gardaqmnis.

Sotlandieli fizikosi jon berdi pirveli iyo vinc satelevizio signalis gadace-ma. jon berdi erT-erT qarxa-naSi eleqtrikosad muSaobda. mas surda Seeqmna iseTi apara-ti, romlis meSveobiTac Sesa-Zlebeli iyo moZravi gamosax-ulebis gadacema. didi fiqrisa da mondomebis Sedegad, man Se-qmna telekameris iseTi diski, romelzedac ganlagebuli iyo 30 nasvreti. diski brunavda da nasvretebis meSveobiT gamo-saxulebas xazobriv-striqonu-lad yofda, Semdeg ki sinaTle fotoelements ecemoda. foto-elementSi warmoqmnili sig-nali telemimRebs gadaecemoda. mimRebSi signali Zlierdeboda da Sedegad SesaZlebeli xdebo-da gamosaxulebebis miReba.

1925 wlis 2 oqtombers eleqtrikosma Tavisi sxvenis erTi bolodan meoreSi satele-vizio gamosaxulebis gadacema moaxerxa. piveli, rac ekranze gamoCnda, biWis SemkrTali saxe iyo, romelic qveda sarTulze ganTavsebul oTaxSi muSaobda.

1928 wels jon berdis pirveli satelevizio gamosax-ulebebi atlantis okeanis gaR-mac gamoCnda. ase, rom swored jon berdis damsaxurebaa iseTi saWiro nivTis gamogoneba da Se-qmna, rogoric televizoria.

iciT Tu ara vin Seqmna pirveli

televizori?

dedamiwa mzidan mesame plan-etaa. igi udidesia dedamiwis tipis planetebs Soris da sa-myaroSi cnobili erTaderTi adgilia, romelic cocxali arsebebiTaa dasaxlebuli. igi daaxloebiT 4,5 miliardi wlis win warmoiqmna da ma-leve SeiZina Tavisi erTaderTi bunebrivi Tanamgzavri mTvare. dedamiwisa da masze sicocxlis gaCenis Sesaxeb bibliis, Zveli aRTqmis erT-erTi wigni marti-vad mogviTxrobs. rac Seexeba mecnierul Teoriebs, isini mravalgvaria.

gamoangariSebulia, rom dedamiwa daaxloebiT - 5, xolo qerqi 4,5 miliardi wlis win warmoiqmna. geo-qronologia anu geologiuri we-laTaRricxva eon-ebad, erebad, peri-odebad da epoqebad yofen.

mecnierTa az-riT, atmosfero warmoiSva manti-idan gamoTavisu-flebuli airebisa-gan. Tavdapirvelad dedamiwis atmos-fero Seicavda wyl-is orTqls, meTans, amiaks, azotsa da sxvas. dedamiwis zedapiri mTvaris amJamindel zeda-pirs hgavda. didi arekvlisunarianoba axasiaTebda, amitom saSualo temperatura ar aRemateboda 50 graduss. Tavisufali Jangbadis mniSvnelovani nawili 2,7 mili-ardi wlis win gaCnda. am pe-riodSive gaCnda ozonis Srec. sicocxlis arsebobis pirveli niSnebi dedamiwaze mxolod 3,5 miliardi wlis win gaCnda. mkvlevarTa azriT, Cvens plane-taze sicocxlis gaCenis ori gza arsebobs: kosmosuri da dedamiwiseuli. kosmosuri gzis mixedviT, sicocxle dedamiwaze sxva ciuri sxeulebidan moxv-da. radgan samyaroSi arsebobs Cvens planetaze ufro asakovani

sxeulebi, fiqroben rom sxva-gan sicocxle ufro adre war-moiSva.

1865 wels germanelma mec-nierma rixterma gamoTqva mo-sazreba, rom SesaZloa cocxali arsebani dedamiwaze kosmosidan moxvdnen mtvris, meteorebisa da sxva ciuri sxeulebis dace-miT. SesaZloa mtvers mikroor-ganizmi Semohyoloda. es versia dasaSvebia, Tumca mecnierTa didi nawili Tvlis, rom si-cocxle uSualod dedamiwaze warmoiSva, rasac xeli Seuwyo mzis siTbom, sinaTlem, wyalma, haerma.

dedamiwa ramdenime Srisagan Sedgeba: dedamiwis qerqisagan,

mantiisgan (romelic dedamiwis qerqTan erTad liTosferos Seadgens) da birT-visagan es agebuleba seismuri talRis miwisZvris keridan zedapiris sxvadasx-va wertilamde gavrcelebis Ses-wavliT dadginda. seismuri talRis gavrcelebis siCqare icvleba erTi feni-dan meoreSi gadas-vlisas, rac fenebis Sedgenilobis gansx-vavebiTaa gamowveu-li. dedamiwis qerqi dayofilia sxvadasx-va sididis liTos-ferul filebad,

romlebic erTmaneTis mimarT gadaadgildebian. am moZraobas aRwers teqtonika.

dedamiwis Seswavla dResac grZeldeba da dazustebuli informacia, Tu rogor war-moiSva, saidan gaCnda sicocxle da rogor gaagrZelebs „arse-bobas“, kvlav burusiTaa moc-uli miuxedavad imisa, rom es kiTxvebi mecnierebs mosvenebas ukargavs mcdelobas ar akleben, dedamiwis saidumlos farda axadon, romelic galaktikaSia Camaluli.

moamzada miranda xajiSvilma

iciT Tu ara ramdeni wlisaa

dedamiwa?

10ivnisi

nino doliZe erTi imaTgania, visma amqveynidan wasvlamac didi tkivili miayena axloblebs, nacnob- megobrebs, kolegebs, studentebs, didsa Tu pata-ras.... dro midis, cxovreba win miiwevs, yoveldRiurobiT daRlili Tu sixa-ruliT gasxivosnebuli axloblebi dRiTidRe Zalumad grZnoben, rom maT gverdiT aRaraa sicocxliT savse qali, saukeTeso megobari, iSviaTi iu-moriT dajildoebuli adamiani, kompa-niis suli da guli, Wirisa da lxinis Tanaziari qalbatoni - nino doliZe..... aklia am patara qalaqs misi Rimil-iani saxe, guliani xiTxiTi, imediani ganwyobileba, is siTbo da siyvaruli, rasac nino Tesavda, rasac igi un-awilebda nacnob- megobrebs.... veravin warmoidgenda, mis gareSe rogori iqneboda cxovreba, mis gareSe rogor Caivlida nebismieri RonisZieba.....

vigonebT masTan erTad gatarebul dReebs, iSviaTi komizmiT savse situa-ciebs, vmxiarulobT da am mxiarule-bas moulodnelad cvlis, sevda, si-Cume, cremlebi ....da gvrCeba jiuti azri, romelsac vera da ver SevegueT, rom Sen Cven gverdiT fizikurad aRara xar, gvrCeba mouSuSebeli tkivili, rom veRar gagvamxiaruleb..... vwuxvarT, rom ,,xangrZliv es sofeli aravis axarebs”, vrwmundebiT, rom Sen xanmokle wuTisofelSic moaswari mogexada adamianuri vali, uSurvelad geTesa sikeTe da siyvaruli.... Sen Cvens gulebSi isev iseT lamaz, saTno, momx-iblav, marad axalgazrda qalbatonad darCebi...

nana cecxlaZe

mzia xaxutaiSvili

diana axvlediani

nino doliZis gaxseneba

1807 wels baTumSi imogzaura frangma mogzaurma Aadrian diuprem, romlis monacemebis mixedviT, imx-anad, baTumis mTeli mosaxleoba udrida 2 aTass kacs, romelTa-gan qalaqis mosaxleobis ZiriTad nawils qarTvelebi Seadgendnen.

mogzauri maSindel baTums aseT Sefasebas aZlevs: ,,aqa-iq mimofan-tuli saxlebiT igi ufro vrcel sofels waagavs, vidre qalaqs. ba-Tumi gaSenebulia zRvis sanapiroze, aqvs erTaderTi Ria reidi aRmosav-leTis, Crdilo-aRmosavleTisa da CrdiloeTis mxridan, dasavleTiT igi daculia qviSiani koncxiT. re-idi Rrmaa da xomaldebisaTvis is-eve usafrTxoa, rogorc saukeTeso navsadgurebi~. [1] ] ] ]

aRniSnuli periodisaTvis dRe-vandeli baTumi marTlac rom qa-laqad Camoyalibebis stadiaSi gaxldaT. misi ganaSenianebis daC-qarebis mizniT, osmaleTis xe-lisufleba baTumSi Camosaxlebas (erovnebis mixedviT) didad uwy-obda xels. cnobili mkvlevari s. anisimova amasTan dakavSirebiT werda: ,,baTumis axali dasaxlebis aTvisebis mizniT, 1807 wels osma-leTis xelisuflebam neba darTo Turq da berZen emigrantebs, 1866 wlidan ki afxaz muxajirebs, aren-diT aeRoT miwis nakveTebi qalaqis teritoriaze~. [2] ] ]

osmaleTis xelisuflebis msgavs-ma gadawyvetilebam sagrZnoblad daaCqara qalaqis ganaSenianebis procesebi, romlis paralelurad aseve mniSvnelovnad gaizarda mo-saxleobis raodenoba baTumSi.

1872 wlisaTvis baTumSi mosax-elobis raodenoba aRemateboda 4970 suls, aqedan berZeni iyo 350 suli, somexi – 120 suli, qarTveli ki 4500 suli.

baTumSi aRniSnuli periodisaT-vis cxovrobdnen agreTve _ Turqe-bi, Cerqezebi, afxazebi da zangebi.

1878 wlisaTvis baTumis mo-saxleoba udrida 3000 suls. mo-saxleoba aseTi Semcireba gamowveu-li gaxldaT ruseT-TurqeTis omiT, romlis zegavleniTac bevri adgil-obrivi mosaxle gadaixvewa TurqeT-Si muhajirad.

baTumis porto-frankod ga-mocxadebam biZgi misca qalaqSi vaWrobisa da mrewvelobis ganviTa-rebas, romlis paraleluradac iz-rdeboda mosaxleobis raodenobac.

1882 wels, qalaq baTumSi Catar-da mosaxleobis erTdRiani aRwera, romlis drosac gamovlinda, rom qalaqSi imxanad cxovrobda 8661 suli, maT Soris 6921 mamakaci da 1740 qali.

im droisaTvis qalaqSi cxov-robda sxvadasxva erovnebis warmo-madgeneli Semdegi raodenobiT: _ ]]]qarTvelebi-3156 suli, rusebi _ 980 suli, Turqebi _ 603 suli, somxebi _ 908 suli, afxazebi _ 377 suli, sparselebi –_ 112¬ suli, ebraelebi _ 179 suli, berZnebi _ 1106 suli, germanelebi _ 145 suli,¬ frangebi _ 24 suli, italielebi _ 18 suli, ingliselebi _ 10 suli.¬[3] ] ] ].

1882 wlisaTvis baTumis mo-saxleoba religiuri mrwamsis mixedviT aseT suraTs iZleoda: mar-Tlmadideblebi _ 3158 suli, so-mex _ grigorianelebi _ 436 suli, somex _ kaTolikeni da kaTolikeni _ 176 suli, protestantebi¬ _ 101 suli, rusi seqtantebi –_ 42 suli, iudevelebi _ 179 suli, muslimane-bi _ 1282 suli. [4] ] ] ].

mosaxleobis klasifikacia dasaqmebis mixedviT Semdeg suraTs iZleva: vaWrebi da noqrebi _ 584 suli, Sinamosamsaxureebi _ 582 suli, muSebi _ 465¬ suli, menaveebi _ 63 suli, eqimebi _ 18 suli, bebi-aqalebi _ 6 suli, meafTiaqeni _ 7 suli, maswavlebeli _ 15 suli, mxat-vari – 1 suli, gazeTis redaqtori _ 1 suli, mkinZavi _ 2 suli. [4]]]]

1883 wlidan qalaq baTumis gar-esamyarosTan sarkinigzo xaziT da-kavSirebam kidev ufro daaCqara qalaqSi mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis aRmavloba, amis paralelurad gaiz-arda misi mosaxleobac.

1890 wlis 17 ivniss Catarda mo-saxleobis aRwera, romlis safuZ-velzec damtkicda, rom qalaqSi sul cxovrobda 18123 kaci, romelTa-gan mudmivi, ZiriTadi mosaxleoba Seadgenda 14674 suls. jariskacebi, reidze mdgar gemTa mezRvaurebi, mosamsaxureebi, moswavleebi; e. i. baTumis droebiTi mcxovrebni Sead-gendnen 3449 suls. sainteresoa, rom mamakacTa raodenoba udrida 14180 suls, qalTa raodenoba ki 3943 suls. baTumis mosaxleoba erovne-baTa mixedviT iZleoda Semdeg su-raTs: qarTvelebi _ 3571 suli, anu mTeli mosaxleobis 19,¬72 procen-ti, rusebi _ 4161 suli, anu 22,95 procenti, somxebi _ 3128 suli,¬ anu 17,25 procenti, berZnebi – 1995 su¬li, anu 11,0 procenti, ebraele-bi _ 862 suli, anu 4,76 procenti, Tur¬qebi¬_ 1172 suli, anu 6,48 pro-centi. 1890 wlis aRweris periodSi socialuri mdgomareobis mixedviT baTumSi cxovrobdnen: glexebi _ 6795, meSCanebi _ 4240 suli, sazR-vargareTeli qveSevrdomebi _ 2030 suli, gaurkveveli wodebisani _ 1514 suli, aznaurebi _ 1404 suli, begebi da aRebi _ 9 suli, TavadTa wodebisani _ 116 suli, aznaurTa maZiebeli _ 3 suli, SliaxtiCi _ 1 suli, moqalaqeebi _ 1171 suli, vaWrebi _ 375 suli, dabali Cinis pirebi _ 216 suli, sasuliero wo-debisani _ 144 suli, Tadarigis jariskacebi _ 44 suli, Zveli mo-saxleoba _ 24 suli, maRali Cinis moxeleebi _ 36 suli, ukanonod So-bilni _ 6 suli, sul _ 18123 suli. aRniSnuli droisaTvis baTumis mo-saxleobis 51,98 procenti gaxldaT wera-kiTxvis mcodne. [5] ]

1897 wlis 28 ianvars Catarda sruliad ruseTis masStabiT mo-saxleobis aRwera, romlis dro-sac dadginda, rom qalaq baTumSi cxovrobda 28508 suli, maT Soris 20439 mamakaci da 8169 qali. aRniS-nuli droisaTvis qalaqSi droebiT mcxovrebTa raodenoba Seadgenda 1714 suls. baTumis mosaxleoba erovnuli Semadgenlobis mixedviT imxanad iZleoda aseT suraTs: qa-rTvelebi _ 6087 suli, rusebi _ 7144 suli, somxebi _ 6839 suli, berZnebi _ 274 suli, ebraelebi _ 1064 suli, polonelebi _ 722 su¬li, germanelebi _ 299 suli, Cerqezebi _ 65 suli, Turqebi _ 1654 suli (unda aRiniSnos, rom iqve, TurqebT-an miwerili gaxldaT aWarlebi), sxva danarCeni erovnebisani _ 1870 suli. religiuri mrwamsis mixed-viT aRniSnuli periodisaTvis ba-TumSi cxovrobdnen: marTlmadide-belni _ 15495 suli, raskolnikebi _ 137 suli, somex-grigorianelebi _ 6150 suli, somex-kaTolikeni _ 662 suli, romael-kaTolikeni _ 1385 suli, sxvadasxva protestant-ebi _ 334 suli, mahmadianebi _ 3156

suli, iudaelebi _ 1179 su¬li, sxva sarwmunoebisani _ 10 suli.

baTumSi mosaxleobis zrdas ga-napirobebda mravali samrewvelo obieqtis Seqmna, romelTa norm-aluri funqcionirebisaTvis cxa-dia, saWiro iyo didi raodenobiT muSaxeli.

mTeli 25 wlis ganmavlobaSi, sax-eldobr, 1897 wlidan 1922 wlamde baTumis mosaxleoba sagrZnoblad gaizarda da 1922 wlisaTvis miaR-wia 32¬302¬suls.

baTumis mosaxleobis saSualo zrda procentebSi wlebis mixed-viT gv¬aZlevs aseT suraTs: 1878 wlidan 1882 wlamde qalaqis mo-saxleobis zrda Seadgenda 47,0 procents, 1882 wlidan 1886 wlamde - 17,7 procents, 1886 wlidan 1890 wlamde - 5,6 procents, 1890 wlidan 1897 wlamde - 8,2 pr¬o¬cents, 1897 wlidan 1917 wlamde - 1,1 procents. 1917 wlidan 1918 wlamde qalaqis mosaxleobis klebam Seadgina 56,6 procenti, rac gamowveuli iyo arastabiluri mdgomareobiT, 1918 wlidan 1920 wlamde mosaxleobis zrda Seadgenda 97,8 procents, 1920 wlidan 1922 wlamda _ 16, 9 procents, 1922 wlisaTvis baTumSi sul cxovrobda 60810 suli. aqe-dan gamomdinare ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos, rom baTumis mosaxleo-bis raodenobis zrda gacilebiT didia, vidre saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiros sxva qalaqebi-sa. am¬ Cveni ganacxadis dasadas-tureblad moviyvanT mosaxleo-bis zrdis procentebs sxvadasxva qalaqebSi (baTumTan SedarebiT) wlebis mixedviT:

baTumSi mosaxleobis procentu-li zrda marTlac rom gacilebiT didia. [6] ]

1917 wlisaTvis baTumis mo-

saxleoba udrida 35048 suls. 1918

wlisaTvis igi Seadgenda 15875 suls,

aqedan qarTvelebi- 2238 suls, anu

mTeli mosaxleobis 14,6 procents,

somxebi _ 288 suls (1918 wlisaT-

vis somexi mosaxleobis aseTi mkve-

Tri Semcireba gamoiwvia osmaleTis

jaris mier baTumis dakavebam), anu

1,9 procents, rusebi _ 3669 suls,

anu 23,8 procents, ebraelebi _ 750 suls anu 4,9 procents, germanelebi

_ 4878 suls, anu 31,7 procents.

1922 wlisaTvis baTumis mo-

saxleoba mTlianad Seadgenda 60810

suls, aqedan qarTvelebi _ 18232

suls, anu 30,0 procents, somxebi

_ 10720 suls, anu¬ _ 17,6 pro-

cents, ebraelebi _ 3699 suls, anu

6,1 procents, berZnebi –7629¬ suls,

anu 12,6 procents.

1922 welTan SedarebiT 1927

wlisaTvis baTumSi mosaxleoba Sem-

cirda mTeli 20 procentiT. aqedan

berZnebi _ 62,7 procentiT, ebraele-

bi _ 48,2 procentiT, somxebi _ 31,6 procentiT, rusebi _ 17,0 procen-tiT. rac Seexeba qarTvelobas, igi

Semcirda mxolod 448 suliT, rac

mTeli qarTveli mosaxleobis mx-

olod 2,5 procents udrida. yove-

live es qarTveli mosaxleobis sta-

bilurobaze migvaniSnebs. [7] ]

oTar gogoliSvili

baTumis mosaxleoba me-19 saukunesa da me-20

saukunis pirvel ocwleulSi

1897 weli 1922 weli 1927 weli

soxumi 5,0 7,5 6,2

FOfoTi 4,6 4,9 4,6

baTumi 17,69 26,1 15,2

q. baTumSi azerbaijanis respublikis generalurma konsulma gusein najafovma universitets naxiCevanis a.r. umaRlesi mejlisis Tavmjdomaris, baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis sapatio doqtoris vasif iusif tali-bovis saCuqari - Tanamedrove, maRalte-qnologiuri aparatura gadasca. stum-rebma reqtorTan, profesor alioSa bakuriZesTan, aWaris ganaTlebis, kul-turisa da sportis ministrTan gia abu-laZesTan, administraciis xelmZRvanelT-an ediSer CavleiSvilTan da dekanebTan gamarTul Sexvedraze samomavlo gegme-bze isaubres. aWaris mTavrobis Tavmj-domaris levan varSalomiZis iniciativ-iT naxiCevanis universitetsa da baTumis saxelmwifo universitets Soris Tanam-Sromlobas safuZveli ramdenime xnis win Caeyara. aWaris a.r. mTavrobis Tavm-jdomare aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebTan da universitetis reqtorTan erTad sapasuxo vizitiT naxiCevanis avtonomiur respublikaSi imyofeboda, romlis farglebSi ori regionis umaRles saswavleblebs Soris memorandumi gaformda.

naxiCevanis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi mejlisis Tavmjdomarem iusuf talibovma baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitets saCuqrad 2 ,,Wkviani dafa~, 10 kompiuteri Sesabamisi aRWurvilobiT, 10 printeri, 2 leptopi da 2 proeqtori gadasca. aparaturiT ori kabineti aRiWurveba, sadac igeg-meba treningebis, seminarebis, konferen-ciebis, sazafxulo skolebis Catareba. amave kabinetebSi azerbaijanul enovan moqalaqeebs qarTuli enis, xolo dain-teresebul pirebs - azerbaijanuli enis Seswavla SeeZlebaT.

naxiCevanis umaRlesi

mejlisis Tavmjdomarem iusuf

talibovma universitets

saCuqrad maRalteqnologiuri

aparatura gadasca

��ivnisi

Wabua amirejibis saymawvi-lo moTxrobebs Soris Sivas TvaliT~ erT–erTi saukeTe-soa. garda imisa, rom mwer-ali klasikuri srulyofiT xatavs bavSvs, mis sulier samyaros, mis interesebs da Taviseburebebs, rasac peda-gogikuri da fsiqologiuri codnis didi maragi sWird-eba. moTxroba sayuradReboa misi filosofiuri mniSvn-elobiTac. mwerali sruliad bunebrivad da damajereblad axerxebs 11==-12 wlis bavSvis winaSe dasvas filosofi-is urTulesi sakiTxi==-WeS-maritebis dadgenis cda.

rogorc cnobilia, WeS-maritebis dadgena, rogorc adamianuri sicocxlis saz-risi, xalxur Semoqmedeba-Sic gavrcelebuli erT==-erTi motivia. simarTlesa da si-crues Soris erTi mtka-veliao,–==_ ityvis xalxuri mTqmeli da Tvalsa da yurs Soris daidebs mtkavels. si-cruea yuriT mosmenili, si-marTlea TvaliT danaxuli. maT Soris manZili erTi mu-Wis tolia. Wabua amirejibi agrZelebs saubars am Temaze da cxadyofs, rom SeiZleba arc TvaliT danaxuli iyos unaklo da ueWveli simar-Tle. maS, ra aris WeSmarite-ba? mwerali didaqtikuri wesebis dacviT warmarTavs saubars am Temaze, rac fi-losofiur da pedagogikur literaturaSi swavlebis `sokratuli meTodis~ sax-eliTaa cnobili. dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad mwerali Wabua amirejibi irCevs mar-tiv, magram uaRresad dam-axasiaTebel movlenas, risi mowmec yoveldRe aris bavS-vi. es aris mxedvelobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavisebure-ba: cali TvaliT danaxuli sagani gansxvavebulad Cans, vidre orive TvaliT danaxu-li. mxatvrul nawarmoebSi es epizodi asea gadmocemuli: moxuci kaci kaleidoskopiT dgas quCaSi da aT kapikad axedebs bavSvebs uCvenebs nairnair suraTebs. nawar-moebis mTavari moqmedi per-sonaJis aCikos yuradReba miiqcia indoelTa RmerTis- Sivas suraTma. RvTaeba Sivas mravali xeli da sami Tvali hqonda.

==_Zia, is zedmeti Tva-li, Sublis Tvali, marTla aqvs?==_vkiTxe isev.

==_ vera xedav? marTla aqvs.

==_ rad unda?==_ va, rogor Tu rad unda.

aba cali Tvali daxuWe, mag suraTs Sexede. ufro sxvana-iria Tu ara?

davxuWe. ufro sxvanairi iyo, ufro patara meCvena.

==_ sxvanairia! ==_ davudas-ture me.

==_ hooo! axla eg Tvali gaaRe da meore daxuWe!

is Tvali gavaxile, meore davxuWe.

==_ axla sul sxvanairia Tu ara?

davakvirdi, marTla sxva-nairi Canda.

= =_ ufro sxvanairia!–vTq-vi me.

==_ maS, ra gamodis? erTi sxvanairad giCvenebs, meore sxvanairad. oriveTi erTad roca uyureb, maSin kidev sxvanairia... marTali rome-lia?

==_ romeli iyo?–==_gamecina.==_ hooo, eg aris indoeTis

RmerTi Siva. xedav, ramdeni xeli aqvs? qveyanaze ram-deni saqmea-yvelafers magis xeli unda daedos. RmerTi imis RmerTia, marTali xeli unda daados. ori Tvali

hqonoda, marTals ranai-rad gaigebda, imitom sami Tvali aqvs, eg mesame Tvali marTali Tvalia. roca ori TvaliT rames dainaxavs, mere im danaxuls mesame TvaliT Sexedavs, marTals ipovis da xelsac daadebs~.

es aris filosofi-uri azris pedagogizaciis saukeTeso nimuSi. swavlebaSi (saSualo, umaRles skolaSi) amas pedagogiur enaze prob-lemuri situaciis warmoqmna hqvia da yvelam, visac surs ufro saintereso gaxados swavleba, guldasmiT unda gaecnos metaforuli saTau-riT cnobil moTxrobas `Si-vas TvaliT~.

aCiko Cveulebrivi, ti-puri bavSvia. misi bavSvuri xasiaTi kargad Cans mis dakvirvebebsa da saidum-loebebSi. xalasi bavSvuri gulubryviloba Cans mis da-kvirvebaSi mamis gabrazebaze qaliSvilis-aCikos ufrosi dis qeTinos unebarTvod gaTxovebis gamo. mama sayve-durs eubneba meuRles-aCikos dedas: `ugrove ZonZebi da zizil-pipiloebi, ara? erTi suli hqonda rodis momceme-no, mageebma gaabriyva!~ aCiko lamazi nivTebiT Tavisi bavSvuri gatacebiT marTla darwmunebulia, rom qeTino gaTxovda lamazi kabebisa da sakabeebis xelSi CagdebisaT-vis. aCiko fiqrobs: me mgoni, mama nawilobriv mainc mar-Tali iyo. xumroba saqmea am-deni lamaz-lamazi raRacebis xelSi Cagdeba? gaTxovdebo-da, aba, ras izamda~.

bavSvuria aCikos aRiareba qalaqSi Tavisuflad da ne-barTviT gasvlis gamo: `es iyo Cemi pirveli damoukide-beli gasvla qalaqSi... ne-barTviT, Torem ise bevrjer gavparulvar~.

gonieri bavSvis saxasiaTo Tvisebebi ikiTxeba axali fexsacmlis mimarT aCikos damokidebulebaSi. TamaSis dros aCikom gaixada axali fexsacmeli, jer, ra Tqma unda, ufrosi biWis karnaxiT, magram Sinaganad TviTonac kmayofilia rom gaixada: `Custebi erTmaneTs gadav-abi da margalze Camovkide. ase jobda, ar gamicvdeboda, Semenaxeboda. dedam xom ram-denjerme miTxra, Custebs araferi damarTo, Torem ma-maSeni ar vici ras gizamso~.

aCiko uaRresad STabeW-dilebiani bavSvia. man ise Rrmad ganicada da gai-azra Sivas mravali xelisa da Sublze mesame Tvalis idea, rom myarad Camoyal-ibda masSi samarTlianobis dacvis gancda. fidos mier Custebis warTmevis gamo dasevdianebuli aCiko umal Sivas fenomenze Cafiqrdeba da ityvis: `Sivas xelebsa da Tvalebze Zalian bevri vi-fiqre da mgoni, yvelaferi kargad gavige: Sivas rom davenaxe, jer cali TvaliT Semomxedavda, mere- meore cali TvaliT, mere-oriveTi erTad. mere orive Tvals daxuWavda da mesameTi ki ar Semomxedavda, Sexedavda imas, rac TiTo–TiTo da orive TvaliT dainaxa da uceb gaigebda, risTvis da rogor waiRo fidom Cemi Custebi. mere aiRebda da erT–erT xels am `saqmes daadebda~.

aCiko madlierebis xalasi

grZnobiT gamorCeuli biWia. is namdvilad madlierebis niWiT aris dabadebuli da zogjer gvafiqrebs, rom madlierebis swavleba ar SeiZleba, imitom, rom adami-anebSi xSirad yvelaze sru-lyofilad umaduroba ufro vlindeba, vidre madliereba. paradoqsia, magram faqtia, rom madlierebis grZnoba adamianebis umetesobaSi gac-ilebiT sustia, vidre Sinaur cxovelebSi. bevri adamiani mTeli sicocxlis manZilze ver maRldeba Sinauri ZaR-lis madlierebamde. ZaRlis erTguleba da madliereba TiTqos unakloa. adamian-ebs Soris umaduroba ufro srulyofili Cans, vidre mad-liereba. aCiko madlierebis gansaxierebaa. moTxrobaSi kargad Cans, rogor viTare-baSi asesxa axalgazrda mxat-varma, Tavad uangaro gujam fexsacmelebis SesaZeni fuli fexSiSvela aCikos `asesxa~, Torem misi dabrunebis imedi ucxo bavSvisagan ar hqonda. `asesxa~ mxolod imitom, rom TanaugrZno gaWirvebaSi Ca-vardnil biWs, magram aCikos aRmoaCnda madlierebis niWi da didis vai-glaxiT mi-agno gujas binas da fuli daubruna. am epizodiT mwer-ali did zneobriv gakveTils sTavazobs ara mxolod mo-zard Taobas, aramed yve-las, visac urTierToba aqvs meore adamianTan.

zneobrivi grZnobis es-Tetizacia, anu rac zneo-brivia, _mSvenieria, kar-gad ikiTxeba mesaflavesTan aCikos Sexvedris epizod-Si. mesaflave gansvenebuli adamianebis mogonebebiT cxovrebaze xalxuri sibrZ-nis nimuSebs axmianebs. igi urigo da rigian micvale-bulad yofs Tavis samwysoSi dasaflavebulebs. erT dasa-flavebulis Sesaxeb ambobs: `magisi arc avi gamigia, arc kargi. raxan ise mokvda, rom xma ar datova, uavkar-go yofila. Seni sicocxle ijde, prasi Wamo, mokvde, rigiani micvalebuli ra-nairad iqnebi?~“mesaflavis rwmeniT, kacis avkargiano-ba sicocxleSi gakeTebuli keTili saqmeebiT fasdeba. amitom meore saflavze ity-vis: `es kai micvalebulia... amisTana micvalebulebi ar-cerT mesaflaves ara hyavs, rac rame rigiania, sul aq aris, sul CemTan marxia... am micvalebuls arasodes uTq-vams, qveyanas jani gavardes, me Cemi gza maqvso. sul imas ambobda, qveyanaze rac rame xdeba, yvelaferi Cemi saqmeao. saca usamarTlobas gaigebda, es kaci iq iyo. daCagruls eSveleboda. saca borote-ba iyo, es kaci iyo iq. avs kacs Tvalebsa sTxrida. Ta-vis moswreba usamarTlobas eomeboda. samarTlianobas eqomageboda... vah, kaci iyo, raRa, namdvili kaci!~“

sagulisxmo Sexedule-bas aviTarebs mesaflave tyuilebis momgonebel gansvenebulze. „erTi micvale-buli myavs, sicocxleSi sul tyuils ambobda, erTi mar-Tali ar uTqvams. yvelafers ujerebdnen, ici, raTa?

==_ tyuilebi sjerodaT?sjerodaT. kargi tyui-

li icoda da imitom iseTi, romelsac yvela daijerebs~.

magram roca jeri midga Custebis dakargvis mizezebze, riTac Tavi unda emarTle-bina aCikos Tavis mSoblebis winaSe, mesaflave STaagonebs mozards: `yvelaze ukeTesi mainc is iqneba, Sin mixvide da simarTle Tqva~.

sagangebod unda aRin-iSnos qristianuli taZris gamakeTilSobilebeli zegav-lena adamianis zneobriv sa-myaroze. fexSiSveli da wvim-iT galumpuli aCiko marto grZnobs Tavs. fexSiSvelad Sin dabrunebis eSinia, quCa-Si ki damxmare da Sembrale-beli aravin aris. `saiT wavsuliyavi, ra meqna, visT-vis SemeCivla Cemi gasaWiri! qveyanaze iseTi aravin iyo, gavemxnevebine, nugeSi eca, arc Sin, arc gareT. Sin mama gamijavrdeboda, iqneb gave-laxe kidec. dedac, qeTinoc masxrad amigdebdnen. bebo gamebuteboda. ver vitan-di bebos gabutvas. cremls Zlivs vikavebdi. saiT wavsu-liyavi? arsaiT ar mindoda wasvla, aravis naxva ar dama-mSvidebda. vijeqi da viyavi martodmarto. Tavze wvima damdioda, fexebi gubeSi mqonda da vtirodi. yvelam mawyenina, yvelam damCagra. amitom vtirodi da kidev imitom, rom wvimda da baRi carieli iyo~. am gancdeb-Si myofs eklesiis zarebis xma moesma. imedgadawuruli bavSvi eklesiaSi Sevida da Sveba da imedic iq ipova. es imedi wminda giorgis xat-ma STaagona. sanTelic mas aunTo. mwerali gvTavazobs epizods araeklesiurad aRz-rdili bavSvis cnobierebaze saeklesio wmindanebis gama-keTilSobilebeli zegavle-nis Sesaxeb. eklesiis xatebi aCikosTana bavSvebisaTvis ar aRiqmeba rogorc suraTebis gamofena. saeklesio xatSi imedis rwmenas xedavs mo-zardi. wminda giorgis xatis win mdgomi aCiko ase gvizi-arebs Tavis gadasvlas axal samyaroSi: `Zalian kargi saxe hqonda giorgis da Zalian sazareli iyo urCxuli. es kaci rom damxmareboda, fi-dos Cems axalTaxal Custebs wavarTmevdiT. mere sadgurSi wavidodiT, im gaiZvera kacs plackarts ukan Cavabare-binebdiT. gavaZevebdiT, saiT-ac undoda, iqiT wasuliyo, oRond iqaurobas gascloda. axla im xalxs movagroveb-diT da gavagebinebdiT, rom me ki ara, aylayuda da misi kalaTiani qali iyvnen damna-Saveni, bodiSs movaxdevineb-diT. im kacs, romelic yvi-roda daiWireT, moiparao, erTs mainc wavartyamdiT sulel gograSi. movrCe-bodiT am saqmeebs da Saba-Tobaze wavidodiT. aba, iq iqneboda seiri! vgrZnobdi, raRac gamomrCa. mexsierebaSi viqeqebodi da bolos is no-qrebi momagonda, sadguris pirdapir fexsacmlis maRa-ziaSi rom muSaobdnen, Tavi rom moiyares da daxlis SuSebze Custebi maxatvines, sanam ar mobezrdaT. imaT vaswavlidi Wkuas. rogor eg-onaT? yovelive amas naTlad vxedavdi da Zalian kargad vgrZnobdi Tavs. yvelafers me vakeTebdi. giorgi ise iyo. erTi gavifiqre, mainc yvelafers me vakeTeb da im kacs, raRas vacden–meTqi. ma-

gram arc marto darCena min-doda! zogi ram iseTi kargi vifiqre, momewona da Tavidan vifiqre. erTi sityviT, mSve-nier dros vatarebdi, yvelas javri amoviyare, yvelas Ta-visi adgili mivuCine...

moTxroba `Sivas TvaliT~ sayuradReboa imiTac, rom karg magaliTs uCvenebs mo-zardebs interesTa SeuTavse-blobis SemTxvevaSi, biWurad, Rirseulad rogor gaarkvi-on erTmaneTSi urTierToba, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Cxubis epizodi. Cxubis gareSe ar aris bavSvoba. samwuxarod, axla aseTi Cxubebi imarTeba biWebs Soris, rac xSirad tragediiT mTavrdeba mx-olod imis gamo, rom biWebs ar vaswavliT namusian, rain-dul Cxubs, amitom mimarTaven isini civ iaraRs, zogjer cecxlsasrolsac. aseT Cx-ubSi gamoicdeba ara biWi, aramed iaraRi. mwerali bi-Wis gamosacdelad surviliT aRwers erTi Cxubis suraTs: `kuTxidan biWebma gamoux-vies. samni iyvnen. Cemi nac-nobebi dainaxes Tu ara, ise etaknen, viTom adreve hqon-daT daTqmuli Cxubis dro, adgili da wesic... wesi imi-tom vaxsene, rom im biWebma daacades, sanam amaT Custebs mouares, ese igi, erTma Cus-ti mucelTan qamarSi gairWo, meorem gverdze moisrola, qvafenilze daagdo, Cems fex-TiT da mxolod amis Semdeg dascxes erTmaneTs. magari Cx-ubi gaimarTa. arc qva uxmar-iaT, arc wixli. muStebiT da TavuriT Cxubobdnen, Zalian lamazad Cxubobdnen, gansa-kuTrebiT Cemi nacnobebi~.

mwerali kidev mraval saintereso suraTs xatavs nawarmoebSi mozardi Taobis Rirseuli CvevebiT aRzrdi-saTvis. magaliTad bevr ada-mians uWirs sxvas hkiTxos is, rac ar icis, es kompleqsi ax-algazrdam bavSvobaSive unda dasZlios. Wabua amirejibis gmiri am mxriv sanimuSoa. is ambobs: `roca raime ar vi-codi, sxvas vekiTxebodi, ara mrcxvenoda~. es iseTi Tvise-baa kacis cxovrebaSi, ro-melic yovelTvis daicavs mas uneburi Secdomebisagan, Ta-vidan aacilebs samarcxvino uvicobas.

moTxroba `Sivas TvaliT~ Sesrulebulia maRali mxat-vruli gemovnebiT. mwerali zomierad iyenebs mxatvruli gamosaxvis xerxebsa da saSu-alebebs, rac pirvel rigSi, mwerlis frazas xdis sanax-aobad, aRweril suraTs ki metyvelad, cocxal sinamd-viled. aseTia, magaliTad konstrastis xerxiT Ses-rulebuli es suraTi: `deda laparakobda, me ki vfiqrob-di~. Sedarebebi: `im gogos naxvis survili qaviliviT amityda~; ise wavidnen, viTom skolidan Sin midiodnen da iRliiT wignebi mihqondaT~.

mSvenieria es hiperbolac: `aq haersac ki vardis sur-neleba hqonda. vardisa ki ara, uamravi sxvadasxva yvavi-lis surneleba~.

saTauri `Sivas TvaliT~ mxatvruli metaforaa, romelSic gamoxatulia ada-mianis arsebobis erT-erTi mTavari sazrisi–veZiebdeT WeSmaritebas da rac SeiZle-ba namdvil, ara moCvenebiT, WeSmaritebas. Tu es sazrisi bavSvobidanve gamoumuSavde-ba adamians, igi srulyofil adamianad Camoyalibdeba cxovrebaSi.

giorgi (iuri) bibileiSvili

sibrZnis Tvali

1�ivnisi

SanSe darCiaSvili _ `Ziebani qarTul-somxuri urTierTo-

bebis istoriidan~

masSi Tavmoyrilia somxuri

lapidaruli warwerebis cnobebi

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb Xii-Xiii sauku-nebiis pirvel mesamedSi. gamomc.

Tb. artanuji 2010.

zogierTi somxuri warwera, mi-

werili nagebobebze da daTariRe-

buli zustad an miaxloebiT, qro-

nologiurad ar ekuTvnis im dros

maSinac ki, rodesac isini Sinaar-

siT originalebs warmoadgenen.

isini gadawerilia. warwerebs

akeTebdnen eklesiebis gadakeTebi-

sas an kidev pergamentidan, gan-

sakuTrebiT roca gavrcelda sx-

vadasxva aqtis miwera taZrebsa da

nagebobebze.

es wigni aris erT-erTi pirveli

cda somxur warweraTa Seswavlisa.

wignSi gadmocemulia somxuri lap-

idaruli warwerebis monacemebis

komentireba saqarTvelos isto-

riasTan mimarTebaSi, ganxilulia

mxolod socialur-ekonomikuri,

diplomatiuri da politikuri xa-

siaTis sakiTxebi.

naSromis qveda qronologiur

zRvrad aRebulia Xii saukune,

radgan am periodSi momravlda

somxur warwerebSi cnobebi saqa-

rTvelos Sesaxeb, xolo zeda qro-

nologiuri zRvari Xiii saukunis pirveli mesamedia, radgan am xani-

dan dgeba axali periodi amier-

kavkasiis politikuri cxovrebisa

da saqarTvelo-somxeTis urTier-

TobaSic axali safexuri iwyeba.

aq ar aris mocemuli 1222

wliT daTariRebuli orbelTa

gandevnili STamomavlis-lipari-

tis saxeliT Sesrulebuli nora-

vanqis somxuri warwera, radgan es

sakiTxi Seiswavla n. berZeniSvil-

ma naSromSi `epizodi feodalur

sagvareuloTa samamulo brZoli-

dan Xiii saukunis saqarTveloSi~.

Xiii saukunis somexi istorikose-bi _ kirakos ganZakeki da stefa-

nos orbeliani somxur epigra-

ful masalebs iyenebdnen TavinTi

monaTxrobis dasamtkiceblad. iv.

javaxiSvilis, s. janaSias, s. kak-

abaZis, n. SoSiaSvilis specialur

kvlevis sagans ar warmoadgenda

somxuri warwerebi, magram isi-

ni iyenebdnen somxur lapidarul

warwerebs. somxur istoriografias

didi Rvawli dasdes h. SahxaTu-

nianis, sargis jalaliantis, ners-

es sargisianis kostaniancis mier

Sedgenilma krebulebma, saidanac

sargeblobdnen levond aliSani,

nikita emini, ervand lalaiani.

somxuri epigrafikiT XiX-XX sau-kuneebSi dainteresda rusuli

arqeologiuri sazogadoebis aR-

mosavluri ganyofileba, somxuri

eTnografiuli sazogadoeba. sa-

mecniero JurnalebSi ibeWdebo-

da n. maris, quCuk ioanesovis, g.

ovsefianis da sxvaTa Sromebi. aR-

saniSnavia i.orbelis da n. maris

iniciativiT mowyobili anisis ar-

qeologiuri eqspediciis dros Se-

grovili warwerebi. k.Rafadarianma

gamoaqveyna haRbatis,sanahonisa da

hovhanavaniis monastris warwerebi.

am mxriv aRsaniSnavia s. eremianis,

l.meliqseT-begis, r. qanfolalia-

nis da a. Saginianis Sromebi.

somxuri warwerebis udidesi

nawili mTavrdeba wyevla-krul-

viT, rac saerTod damaxasiaTebe-

lia Zveli aRmosavluri teqstebi-

sTvis. uZvelesia tekoris taZris

warwera (V sauk.). warwerebi Si-

naarsis mixedviT sam jgufad iyo-

fa: 1. samSeneblo; 2. naCuqrobis; 3.

oficialuri.

XII saukunis daviT aRmaSeneb-

lis droindeli haRbatis monas-

tris Seuvalobis Sinaarsis mqone

warwerebis Tanaxmad, haRbatisa da

sanahinis monastrebis sagadasaxado

Seuvaloba darRveuli yofila da

daviT aRmaSenebels aRudgenia am

monastrebis pirvandeli samflo-

beloebi da Seuvalobis sabuTic

miucia misTvis. warwera 1123-1125

wliT TariRdeba. gadasaxadebi

somxuri eklesiebidan saqarTvelos

saxelmwifo xazinaSi Semodioda.

1240 wels monRolTa laSqris

winamZRol aslan noins qarTvel

orbelTa gasomxebuli STamomava-

li eligum orbelia morCilebisT-

vis daujildovebia miwebiT gar-

nisis pirdapir. n. berZeniSvils

es SeuZleblad miaCnia, feodalur

saqarTveloSi arsebuli iuridi-

uli normebidan gamomdinare ram-

denadac somxeTis teritoria am

droisaTvis saqarTvelos saxelm-

wifoSi Semodidoda da iq qarTu-

li samarTlis normebi moqmedeb-

da. zaqaria mxargrZelma,rodesac

haRbatis monasters soflebi Ses-

wira, warweris krulobiTi nawil-

iT (wyevla-krulva) misi gayidva,

gaCuqeba, gadacema akrZala (`misi

suli satanis iyos~).

somxuri epigrafika saintere-

soa ara marto saqrTvelos so-

cialur-ekomomikuri da poli-

tikuri istoriis Sesaswavlad,

aramed diplomatikuri terminebis

dasadgenadac.

iv. javaxiSvilis mtkicebiT Xi-XV saukunis qarTuli samefo sab-

uTebis aRmniSvneli zogadi ter-

minia `sigeli~. es termini qarTul

da somxur diplomatiaSi erT-

droulad Cndeba. somxurSi pirve-

lad igi gvxvdeba somxeTis mefis

_ sumbat bagratunis 979 wlis

epigrafikul sabuTebSi.

Xiii saukunis somexi istorikosi stefanos orbeliani Tavis `sivni-

eTis istoriaSi~ mogviTxrobs

daviT aRmaSeneblis spasalaris,

ivane orbelis mier TurqTa ba-

tonobisagan somxuri olqebis

gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.

qarTul-somxur diplomatiaSi

gamoiyenebida `samamulod dawer-

ili sigeli~ (samemkvidreo), `wig-

ni~, `werili~. aaron magistrosi

aRniSnavs, rom man bizantiis de-

doflisagan moitana oqrobeWdi-

ani Tavisuflebis wigni (sabuTi

anisis mcxovrebTa gadasaxadebis-

gan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, qar-

TulSi Sewyalebas, gadasaxadebisa-

gan anda sasamarTlosagan `sigeli

Seuvalobisa~ erqva, sabuTebis erT

jgufs `simtkicis wigni” ewodebo-

da, aseve `utyuari gadawyvetile-

ba~, `urRvevi piroba, “pirobis

wigni~, `saxsovris wigni~, `wyalo-

bis wigni~.

gankargulebis Semcveli sabuTis

aRmniSvneli terminia `brZaneba~,

romlis gacema SeeZlo mxolod

mefes, kaTalikoss da umaRlesi

Tanamdebobis moxeleebs.

SeimCneva bizantiis gavlenac.

.bizantiaSi samefo sabuTebis aR-

saniSnavad termini `xrisobulos

logos~ ixmareboda, rac oqrosbe-

Wdian sabuTs aRniSnavda, somxurs

kalkia `oqrobeWedi~ (voski matani

somxurad).

naSromis bolos warmogidgenil-

ia anisis da haRbatis monastrebis

somxuri warwerebi, romelSic mox-

seniebulni arian daviT aRmaSene-

beli da Tamar mefe: haRbatis (Cr.

somxeTi) 1121 wlis warwera: TviT-

mpyrobelmZle da keTilmsaxuri

mefe daviTis dros, giorgis Zisa,

Zisa bagratisa, romelmac daipyro

mxareni da naTesavni, iyo mzrunve-

li haRbatisa da sanahinisa, aRsavse

tkbili da keTili RmrTismsaxure-

biT~ haRbati aoxrebis sibnelisagan

gaaTavisufla da Seswira am wminda

eklesias venaxi, sofeli yovelive

miwiTa da sanaxebiTa~.

anisis 1207 wlis warwera:

`RmrTiT kurTxeul da keTilm-

saxur, dedofalT dedoflis Tama-

ris dros me, misma erTgulma monam

didi iSxanT iSxanis amirspasalar

sargis mxargrZelis Zem, mandatur-

Tuxuces amirspasalar SahanSah za-

qariam RmrTis surviliT aRvmarTe

sveti~.

n a Cu q ari wi g n e b iguram maisuraZe `qarTul-somx-

uri urTierTobis istoriografi-

idan~ Tb. 2008 w.

`moqcevai qarTlisais~ krebul-

Si Sesuli”`wm. ninos~ cxovrebiT

qarTulsa da wminda ninos mniSvn-

eloba aRmosavleTis saqristianos

winaSe gacilebiT didia, vidre

somxeTisa da misi ganmanaTleblis

_ grigol parTelisa (gv. 281)

qristianuli rwmenis siZveliTac,

aRniSnavs guram maisuraZe, qarTli

win uswrebs somxeTs, ramdenadac

qarTlisa gansakuTrebuli roli

qristianobis gavrcelebamde wi-

naswar iyo gansazRvruli da qar-

Tlis am upiratesobas TviT aRi-

arebs dvineli somexi miaforic,

amitom moxda rom qristianuli

rwmenis Casaxvisas somxeTi mTli-

anad qarTlze aRmoCnda damokide-

buli, vinaidan somexTa eklesiis

safuZveli im adamianTa Zvlebze

daido, romlebic ninos mier

iyvnen moqceulni (rifsimianelebis

da maTTan erTad moevlinnen somx-

eTs k. kekeliZe).

*********************************profesor marina giorgaZis

mier Targmnili gaius svetonius

trankvilusis istoriuli nawar-

moebi ,,keisrebi~ qarTul enaze am

wignis gamocemis pirveli cdaa. samwuxarod, qarTveli sazogadoe-bisTvis dRemde TiTqmis ucnobi iyo laTineli mwerlis Semoq-medeba. qalbaton marina giorga-Zis mier Targmnili 12 keisris cxovreba warmoadgens svetoniusis umTavres naSroms. misasalmebelia is faqti, rom svetoniusis keis-rebi naTargmnia uSualod dedni-dan. masSi istoriuli sizustiTa da TanmimdevrobiT aris gadmo-cemuli eqvsi keisris cxovreba da moRvaweoba. Targmani didi interesiT ikiTxeba, rasac xels uwyobs mTargmnelis mdidari leqsika da gadmocemis ostatoba. wigns Tan erTvis politikur ter-minTa ganmartebebi. profesor ma-rina giorgaZis Targmnili wigni ,,keisrebi~ did daxmarebas gauwevs Zveli msoflios istoriiT dain-

teresebul mkiTxvels.

gverdi moamzada

merab megreliSvilma

saredaqcio kolegia”:

iuri bibileiSvili

biWiko diasamiZe

mamia faRava

nana cecxlaZe

merab megreliSvili

gazeTi daibeWda

ss ``poligrafistSi~27-59-10, 27-59-11

mis.: q. baTumi,

gorgilaZis 91

redaqtori”:

ioseb sanikiZe

specialisti:

nestan mamuWaZe