thuc tap hoan chinh

8/7/2019 thuc tap hoan chinh

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Bo co thc tp tt nghip Cng ty TNNH VBL Qung Nam

MC LCM U..............................................................................................................6Phn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V CNG TY VBL QUNG NAM...........7

1.1 Lch s pht trin ca cng ty VBL Qung Nam...............................................7

1.2 C cu t chc ca cng ty...................................................................................8

1.3 s mt bng ca cng ty..................................................................................8

1.4 S quy trnh cng ngh tng qut ca cng ty.............................................10

1.5 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh....................................................................11

Phn 2:NGUYN LIU V CNG NGH SN XUT............................13Chng 1: NGUYN LIU.............................................................................13

1.1.Malt......................................................................................................................13

1.2 Go.......................................................................................................................13

1.3 Hoa houblon........................................................................................................14

1.4 Nc.....................................................................................................................14

1.5. Nm men.............................................................................................................15

Chng 2: B PHN NGHIN, NU BIA...................................................16

2.1. B phn nghin...................................................................................................162.1.1. S qui trnh cng ngh...............................................................................16

2.1.2. Thuyt minh qui trnh....................................................................................17

2.1.3 Thit b chnh trong phn xng nghin........................................................18

2.1.3.1 Sng rung.......................................................................................................18

a. Cu to....................................................................................................................18

b. Nguyn tc hot ng............................................................................................19

2.1.3.2 My nghin trc............................................................................................19a. Cu to....................................................................................................................19

b. Nguyn tc hot ng............................................................................................20

2.1.3.3 My nghin ba.............................................................................................20

a. Cu to....................................................................................................................20

SVTH: TH SNG - lp 07 HTP Trang 1


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b. Nguyn tc hot ng.............................................................................................21

2.2 Phn xng nu..................................................................................................22

2.2.1 S qui trnh cng ngh................................................................................22a. ng ha nguyn liu...........................................................................................22

b. Houblon ha dch ng.........................................................................................25

2.3. Cc thit b chnh trong phn xng nu........................................................27

2.3.1 Ni nu..............................................................................................................27

a. Cu to..................................................................................................................27

b. Nguyn tt hot ng............................................................................................27

2.3.2 Thit b lc y bng........................................................................................28a. Cu to...................................................................................................................28

b. Nguyn tt hot ng...........................................................................................29

2.3.3 Thit b Houblon ha.......................................................................................30

a. Cu to...................................................................................................................30

b. Nguyn tt hot ng ...........................................................................................30

c. Thng s ni hoablon ho.....................................................................................31

2.3.4 Thit b lng xoy whirlpool............................................................................31

a.Cu to....................................................................................................................31

b. Nguyn tt hot ng ...........................................................................................31

2.4 QUI TRNH CIP ( V SINH THIT B)..........................................................32

2.4.1 Qui trnh v sinh..............................................................................................32

2.4.2 Thuyt minh qui trnh.....................................................................................32

2.4.2.1 Chun b........................................................................................................32

2.4.2.2 Kim tra.........................................................................................................32

2.4.2.3 Qu trnh CIP................................................................................................33

Chng 3: B PHN LN MEN, LC......................................................34

3.1 Quy trnh ln men, lc........................................................................................34



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3.1.1 S quy trnh cng ngh...............................................................................34

3.1.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh..................................................................35

3.2 Quy trnh nhn men trong phn xng............................................................373.2.1 Chun b...........................................................................................................37

3.2.2 Yu cu chung..................................................................................................37

3.2.3 Nhn men..........................................................................................................38

3.2.4 Kt thc giai on cp men ging...................................................................38

3.2.5 Kt thc qu trnh nhn men..........................................................................38

3.3.3 Cc thit b chnh trong qu trnh ln men, lc............................................38

3.3.1 Thit b trao i nhit dng tm.....................................................................38a. Cu to....................................................................................................................38

b. Nguyn tt hot ng.............................................................................................39

3.3.2 Thit b ln men................................................................................................40

a. Cu to....................................................................................................................40

b. Nguyn tt hot ng..............................................................................................40

3.3.3 Thit b lc a..................................................................................................41

a. Cu to....................................................................................................................41

b. Nguyn tt hot ng..............................................................................................42

3.4 Cc s c c th xy ra trong qu trnh ln men, lc.......................................43

3.5 Cc qui trnh CIP (clean in place).....................................................................44

3.5.1 Mc ch ca qu trnh CIP............................................................................44

3.5.2 Chun b ha cht............................................................................................44

a. CIP lnh..................................................................................................................44

b. CIP nng.................................................................................................................45

3.5.3 Cc bc tin hnh CIP: gm 6 bc............................................................46

3.5.4 Cc qu trnh CIP cc khu vc c th............................................................47

a. V sinh ng ng nh nu: tun theo qui trnh chung...........................................47



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b. V sinh ng ng nh lc: Ging v sinh ng ng nh nu..............................47

c. V sinh cc tank ln men, tank tng tr bia trong, tank nhn men, tank thu hi men

Chng 4: PHN XNG CHIT RT......................................................49

4.1 S quy trnh lm vic ca phn xng chit rt..........................................494.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh.......................................................................................50

4.3 Thit b trong phn xng chit rt..................................................................51

4.3.1 My ra chai....................................................................................................51

a. Cu to....................................................................................................................52

b. Nguyn tt hot ng..............................................................................................52

4.3.2 My chit chai:(Nng sut 15000 chai/h).......................................................53

a. Cu to....................................................................................................................53

b. Nguyn tt hot ng..............................................................................................54

4.3.3 Thit b thanh trng.....................................................................................................54

a. Cu to.................................................................................................................................55

b. Nguyn tc lm vic................................................................................................56

Phn 3: B PHN C IN..........................................................................57

CHNG 1: H THNG LNH.................................................................57

1.1 S h thng lnh

1.2 Thuyt minh s ..............................................................................................57

CHNG 2: H THNG X L CO2.......................................................................................................59

2.1. S nguyn l..................................................................................................59

2.2 Thuyt minh s ..............................................................................................60

CHNG 3: H THNG L HI...............................................................613.1 Qu trnh cp hi................................................................................................61

CHNG 4: H THNG X L NC DNG CHO SN XUT.........62

4.1 S x l nc...................................................................................................62



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4.2 Thuyt minh s ..............................................................................................62

Phn 4: H THNG X L NC THI.................................................64

4.1 S h thng x l nc thi...........................................................................644.2 Thuyt minh s ..............................................................................................64

Phn 5: AN TON LAO NG...................................................................65

5.1 An ton in........................................................................................................65

5.2 An ton ha cht.................................................................................................65

5.3 An ton v tr lm vic........................................................................................65

KT LUN.......................................................................................................67



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M U

Ngnh cng nghip thc phm l nghnh khoa hc k thut ng mt vai tr

quan trng trong nn kinh t quc dn n gii quyt nhng nhu cu cn thit v cuc

sng ca con ngi khi nhu cu sng ca con ngi ngy cng c ci thin th nhu

cu n ung ngy cng cao, khng nhng v s lng m cng cht lng.

Trong thi gian gn y ngnh cng ngh sn xut bia ca nc ta c mt

bc pht trin ln, lng bia sn xut ngy mt ln. Bia l loi nc ung c cn

thp, c mi thm dc trng v v ng ca hoa houblon. Ngoi kh nng lm tha

mn nhu cu gii kht bia cn cung cp nng lng ln cho c th con ngi nh:protein, ng n, vitamin, khong cht...

nc ta c kh hu nhit i nn nhu cu gii kht cng nhiu. Hn na do

chnh sch m ca ca nh nc ta nn cc thng hiu bia nc ngoi vo th trng

nc ta vi cht lng tt v k thut qung co tinh vi, nhng vi thng hiu bia

nc ngoi vi gi c kh cao nn ch p ng phn no cho tng lp c thu nhp kh,

v vy cnh tranh th trng i hi bia trong nc cn phi c cht lng cao v

gi thnh sn phm n nh.Tp on VBL Vit Nam l mt hnh thc lin doanh nc ngoi in hnh,

pht trin mnh. Sn phm ca VBL c mt trn th trng vi khi lng nhiu, a

dng v sn phm nh: Heiniken, Tiger, Bivina, Laru, Lager.

Sau mt thng thc tp ti cng ty VBL Qung Nam ti tm hiu c r hn

v cc dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut bia Larue. Hm nay ti xin trnh by bi bo co

ny theo nhng phn m ti v cc bn c hng dn v tun t l: b phn c

in; b phn nu; b phn ln men, lc, b phn chit rt.



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Phn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V CNG TY VBL QUNG NAM

1.1 Lch s pht trin ca cng ty VBL Qung Nam

c thnh lp vo thng 9 nm 2002 vi tn gi l nh my bia Qung Nam, l

mt n v trc thuc ca cng ty xy lp in Qung Nam, l mt doanh nghip nh

nc, c in tch xy dng l 30.000 m2 ti khu cng nghip in Nam - in Ngc,

huyn in Bn, tnh Qung Nam.

Tng s vn u t ca nh my l 140 t ng Vit Nam. Cng sut giai on mi

thnh lp l 10triu lt/nm, trong tng lai d kin s nng ln 120triu lt/nm.

Thng 12 nm 2003, nh my c cp chng ch h thng qun l cht lng theo

iso 9001:2000. Thng 4 nm 2004, nh my k hp ng vi cng ty bia Fosters

sn xut bia Larue. Thng 12 nm 2006, nh my tip tc chng nhn iso 9000:2000.

Nh 11/01/2007, cng ty lp in Qung Nam v cng ty lin doanh nh my bia

Vit Nam (VBL) k hp ng lin doanh thnh lp cng ty TNHH VBL Qung Nam.

Nh my bia Qung Nam tr thnh mt thnh vin ca VBL, i tn thnh cng ty

TNHH VBL Qung Nam. Thng 1 nm 2007, cng ty TNHH VBL c cp giy

chng nhn u t, vi cng sut 120 triu lt/nm.

* Cng ty lin doanh nh my bia Qung Nam(VBL)


VBL

VBL TP. HCh Minh

VBL TinGiang

VBL NngVBL Qung

Nam


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1.2 C cu t chc ca cng ty

* Cc sn phm ca cng ty: Heineken, Bivina, Larue, Lager, Tiger

* Thit b ca cng ty VBL Qung Nam:

Hu ht l mi, sn xut nm 2002 tr v sau

Cc ni nu, bn cha, h thng ng ng c ch to ti Vit Nam

Cc thit b bm v lc: ch to ti Chu u (, Thu in)

Dy chuyn chit: Kt hp thit b v c

1.3 s mt bng ca cng ty


Ban tng gim

c

Phng nhn s Phng ti chnhB phn sn

xutB phn cung

ng

Phng

Technology

B phn nu

bia

B phn khoB phn ng

gi

B phn k

thut

B phn kho


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X L NCTHI X L NC

V CP

NC

Trmbin

p

Khnn

Thuhi

CO2

Lhi

LN MEN NH NU

NHNGHIN

NH

KHO

WC

Nhn

HiTr

ng

Nhxe

Bnhoa

Bnhoa

NH CHIT

KHO THNH PHM

Lnhtrungtm

Nh hnh chnh

Bo v

Bn hoa

12

11

10

9

8 7

6 5

4 3

2 1

1 2 3


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1.4 S quy trnh cng ngh tng qut ca cng ty

Nguyn liu

Kim tra

Nu

Lc v ra b B hm

Dch ng

Houblon ho

Lng xoy Cn

Dch ng

Cht ti lnh Lm lnh v lng trong Cn

Nm men Nui Ln men Kt ta men Thu hi men

Lc bia CO2

Chai n nh bia

Ra chai Chit bia chai

Thanh trng Kt

Dn nhn, in HSD, ng kt Ra kt

Thnh phm



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1.5 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh

Nguyn liu sn xut bia gm malt, go,vin hoa,cao hoa,nc, caramen v

mt s ph gia khc. Malt, cao hoa, vin hoa c nhp t c, go mua trong ncNguyn liu em nghin gm malt v go.Go c nghin bng my nghin

ba, malt c nghin bng my nghin trc

Sau khi nghin ,bt nghin c trn phi vi nc theo t l 1:3 ri bm sang

ni nu. Sau dch khi nu t ni go c bm sang ni malt, tin hnh quy trnh

hi cho 66oC v gi trong vng 10-15 pht, sau nng nhit qu trnh ng

ho xy ra hon ton to ra mantoza v mt t dextrin. Dng dung dch It kim tra

qu trnh ng ho 750C.

Sau khi ng ho, dch cho c bm qua thit b lc y bng tch dch

ng ra khi b hm v ra b thu phn dch ng cn st li trong b. B c

bm ra b cha cn dung dch ng c bm sang ni houblon ho hoc bm qua

ni trung gian (nu ni houblon ho ang hot ng).

Qu trnh houblon ho nhm truyn mi thm v v ng cho bia c trong hoa v

ng thi v hot ho enzim, tiu dit vi sinh vt, keo t prtin, tng nng dch

ng.

Sau khi houblon ho,dch cho c bm sang thit b lng xoy whirlpool lng

cc cn b, thi gian lng l 20 pht.Sau dch ng c bm sang thit b lm

lnh nhanh kiu bn mng. Tc nhn lnh l nc 2oC h nhit dch ng t 90-

95oC xung cn 90C v c bm sang cc tank ln men. Nm men sau khi c nhn

ging phng th nghim n s liu 100 triu t bo/ml hoc sa men sau khi

c thu hi t cc tank ln men trc.Lng men cn cung cp cho tank ln men

c chuyn mt ln vo m nu u tin. Sau khi ln men 6h tin hnh rt cn lnh.

Nhit len men chnh l 140C ,p xut 0.3-0.5kg/cm, thi gian khong 7 ngy. Khi

hm lng diaxetyl t mc cho php


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xung 4-50C tin hnh rt men khong 80% thc hin qua trnh ln men ph, nhit

ln men ph l -10C, thi gian khong 2-3 ngy.

Sau khi ln men, bia c bm qua thit b lc a, b sung CO2 ri n nh trongtank BBT. Bia c rt vo chai theo nguyn tc rt ng p sau ng np, thanh

trng ,dn nhn, in ngy sn xut v HSD v chuyn vo kho thnh phm .



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PHN 2:NGUYN LIU V CNG NGH SN XUTChng 1: NGUYN LIU

Nguyn liu chnh dng nu bia gm: malt i mch, hoa houblon, nc,

nm men v nguyn liu thay th l go.

1.1 Malt

Malt l sn phm ch bin t ht i mch

bng cch cho ny mm trong iu kin nhn to,

sao sy n m nht nh. Malt rt c gi tr

v mt dinh dng, do cc thnh phn trong ht

i mach chuyn ho thnh dng d tiu ho.

H s hp thu cht dinh dng ca ng cc s

tng ln khi n chuyn ho thnh dng malt, v th

malt c dng sn xut nhiu loi sn phm

cht lng cao.

Trong sn xut bia malt va l nguyn liu chnh, va l ngun enzym thu phn.Trong malt tch lu mt lng ln cc enzym, ch yu l amylaza, ngoi ra cn c

proteaza, xitaza, pentaza, v cc enzyme khc.

1.2 Go

Ngi ta b sung go nhm mc ch:

-Gim gi thnh sn phm trong cng nghip bia, go l nguyn liu thay th mt

phn Malt i mch. Vic s dng nguyn liu thay th cn gip ci thin mt s tnh

cht ca sn phm v a dng sn phm.- D mua

- Hm lng tinh bt nhiu

Trong thnh phn cht kh ca go th tinh bt chim 75%, protein chim 8%, cht bo

t 1-1.5%, xenluloza t 0.5-0.8%, cht khong t 1-1.2%.



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Go l nguyn liu l tng cho sn xut bia, cung cp mt lng nht nh cho

qu trnh ng ho.

1.3 Hoa houblonHoa houblon l nguyn liu khng th thay th c trong sn xut bia. Hoa

houblon l loi thc vt lu nin, n tnh, thuc h gai mo, n gm c hoa ci v hoa

c nm trn 2 thn khc nhau. Trong cng ngh sn xut bia ngi ta ch s dng hoa

ci cha th phn, v khi th phn trong hoa s to ht, lm gim cht lng ca

hoa.

Hoa houblon truyn cho bia v

ng du, hng thm rt c trng,

n lm tng kh nng gi bt, lm

tng bn keo v thnh phn ho

hc ca sn phm. Trong sn xut bia

ngi ta s dng hoa houblon di

nhiu dng khc nhau: hoa nguyn,

hoa nghin, hoa vin v cao hoa. Nh my s dng hoa vin v cao hoa sn xut

bia v n d bo qun, cht lng tt. Khng nn s dng 100% cao hoa nu bia v

n s lm cho mi, v ca bia gim st.

1.4 Nc

Nc l mt nguyn liu quan trng trong sn xut bia. Nc chim t 92 94 % khi

lng v c vai tr quan trng i vi cht lng bia.

Trong nh my bia, nc c dng vi nhiu mc ch khc nhau nh: X l

nguyn liu, nu nguyn liu, lm ngui bn thnh phm v thnh phm, thanh trng,

v sinh x nghip Do , lng nc s dng trong nh my bia rt ln.

Lng nc trc tip dng nu bia khng nhiu nhng n nh hng rt ln

n cht lng ca bia. Chnh v th, nc nu bia phi m bo cc yu cu sau:



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- Nc phi trong sut, khng mu, khng mi, khng v v khng cha cc vi sinh vt

gy bnh.

- Nc c cng trung bnh t 5 6 mg/l, pH 6.8 7.3, oxy khng vt qu 1 2mg/l, hm lng cn kh khng vt qu 600 mg/l, chun coli khng nh hn

300ml, ch s coli khng ln hn 3.

- Nc s dng nu bia khng c c xianua, thu ngn, Bari, Crom, Amoniac,

Photphat, Sunphuahydro, Nitric

Ti nh my bia, ngun nc c s dng c cp t cc nh my nc ca

khu cng nghip in Nam - in Ngc v ngun nc ngm ca nh my sau khi x

l cn, loi b tp cht, tit trng bng clo, kh mi v lc tinh.

1.5 Nm men

Chng nm men c s dng l chng nm men chm. Thnh phn ho hc ca

t bo cha khong 75 % nc, 15 45 % protein ca cht kh, 25 35 %

cacbonhydrat, 4 7 % cht bo, 8 9 % cht v c.

Ngoi ra nh my cn s dng mt s loi ph liu khc nh: caramen, enzim,

cc ho cht khc.

CHNG 2: B PHN NGHIN, NU BIA

2.1 B phn nghin



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2.1.1 S qui trnh cng ngh

2.1.2 Thuyt minh qui trnh:


Gu ti

Kim tra

Go

Sn rung

Phu cha go

My nghin ba

Gu ti sau nghin

Phu cha bt go

B phi trn

Malt

Kim tra

Gu ti

Sng rung

Vt ti trc nghin

Phu cha malt

My nghin trc

Vt ti sau nghin

Phu cha bt malt

B phi trn

Qut ht

Cyclon

Nguyn liu

Vt ti trc nghin


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Mc ch ca qu trnh nghin l ph v cu trc ca t bo tng din tch b

mt tip xc ca nguyn liu vi nc, to iu kin h ho nhanh, thc y qu trnh

ng ho, tng kh nng tip xc ca enzym vi c cht cng nh vic thc hin qutrnh thu phn nhanh, ng thi thu c cht ho tan c nng cao nht.

Malt v go c nghin t 2 my nghin khc nhau, malt c nghin bng

my nghin trc cn go c nghin bng my nghin ba.

Trc khi vn hnh, cn kim tra li ton b thit b, my mc, m bo an

ton trong sut qu trnh lm vic. Tip theo, cho khi ng my theo th t sau: vt ti

(gu ti) sau khi nghin, my nghin, vt ti trc nghin, sn rung, gu ti, h thng

ht bi. Cn kim tra s bao go v malt cho mt m nu hay khng (nguyn liu

cho mt m nu l 1650 kg go v 1700 kg malt).

Sau khi kim tra nguyn liu v khi ng my th tin hnh nguyn

liu vo gu ti. Go cho nghin trc, malt nghin sau v bt go cho phi trn vi

nc trc bt malt. Ch khi nguyn liu vo gu ti khng c ko ca khoang

ln qu cao v d dn n hin tng qu ti.

Go (malt) sau khi a vo gu ti s c gu ti vn chuyn ln trn ri

chuyn n sn rung, ti y go (malt) s c lm sch trc khi qua my nghin.

Sn rung c chia lm 3 ngn: ngn trn cng c li sn c kch thc l li ln

v mt nam chm t ngay di ca np liu, nn trc khi nguyn liu vo ngn ny

s c nam chm ht tch kim loi ra khi nguyn liu, sau cc tp cht ln s

c gi li trn li sn. Go (malt) v tp cht nh s i xung ngn th 2 v ti y

go (malt) s c gi li , cn tp cht nh mn s lt qua li sn th 2 v ri xung

ngn th 3. tch bi v tp cht l lng ngi ta c gn thm qut ht dn ra

ngoi n cyclon lng bi.

Go (malt) sau khi loi tp cht s c vt ti a ln phu cha trc khi

nghin. Ti phu cha trc nghin, go (malt) s c a xung my nghin vi mt

lng nht nh. i vi go th s dng my nghin ba v go i hi phi c



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nghin mn nhm to thun li cho qu trnh dch ha v ng ha, cn vi malt ta

s dng my nghin trc vi 2 cp trc nghin, malt c nghin th hn so vi go,

nh my s dng ch nghin th malt v qu trnh lc sau khi nu, nh my sdng thit b lc y bng nghin th malt s gi c lp v tru nhm lm tng hiu

sut ca qu trnh lc.

Trong qu trnh nghin, cn thng xuyn kim tra cht lng ca bt nghin

v lng nguyn liu a vo. Nu pht hin trong bt go xut hin ht nguyn, cn

vi malt l xut hin ht nguyn hoc v nghin nt th phi c bin php x l iu

chnh tc quay ca ba nghin hoc khong cch ca cc trc nghin, thi gian

nghin v lng nguyn liu np vo cho thch hp, cn thit th ngng my v bo

cho ngi c trch nhim x l kp thi.

Go sau khi nghin c gu ti (cn vi malt l vt ti) vn chuyn ln phu

cha trc khi phi trn vi nc. Go v malt c nh lng bng cn t ng.

nc s dng phi trn l nc cng ngh nhit thng qua x l. T l phi

trn vi go l 1:3 (1 go nc 3) cn vi malt l 1:4.

i vi go khi phi trn cn b sung thm mt lng malt lt bng 3% so vi

khi lng go tng cng kh nng thy phn go khi nu. Go v malt sau khi

phi trn vi nc c bm vn chuyn sang ni nu go v ni nu malt.

2.1.3 Thit b chnh trong phn xng nghin:

2.1.3.1 Sng rung:

a. Cu to:

1.Phu np liu



19/68


2. ng dn tp cht ln

3. Rm rc

4. Tp cht b5. Nguyn liu sch

6. Bi

7. Con quay iu chnh ht

8. Sn rung

b. Nguyn tc hot ng:

Nguyn liu c a vo qua phu s (1), di s iu chnh ca con quay (7)

nguyn liu c phn phi u xung sng rung (8). Sn rung (8) gm c 3 ngn.

ngn trn cng c kch thc l li ln nn khi nguyn liu chu tc ng ca sn

rung th go (malt) v tp cht b s lt qua l sng xung ngn th 2, cn tp cht ln

s c gi li ngn th nht v c vn chuyn theo ng ng 2 ra ngoi. Ti

ngn th 2 vi kch thc l sng nh hn so vi ngn th nht s tin hnh phn loi

tp cht b v go (malt) Go (malt) vi kch thc ln hn c gi li ngn th 2

v c vt ti chuyn n b phn nghin. cc tp cht nh s ri xung ngn cui v

c vn chuyn ra ngoi. tch bi v cc tp cht dng l lng ngi ta s dng

qut ht v ht ra ngoi qua cyclon. Trn ng nguyn liu xung sng, c h thng

nam chm tc tp cht kim loi.

2.1.3.2 My nghin trc

a. Cu to: gm c 2 cp trc, khong cch ca cp trc th nht. Khong cch gia

cp trc th nht l 1,5mm , cp trc th 2 l 0,42mm.



20/68


b.Nguyn tc hot ng

Mal c vo phu v c nghin s b cp trc th nht v c a

xung trc th 2 tip tc nghin mn hn do khong cch gia 2 cp trc, cp trc

th nht ln hn cp trc th 2. Trong qu trnh nghin phi thng xuyn kim tra

cht lng ca bt nghin, nu xut hin ht nguyn hoc v b v nt th phi dngmy v iu chnh khe nghin cho thch hp.

2.1.3.3 My nghin ba

a. Cu to:

1. Phu np liu

2. Ba3. Li

4. a treo

5. Trc quay



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b. Nguyn tc hot ng:

Go c a vo my nghin ba qua phu np liu (1). Go c nghin nt

nh vo lc va p ca ba nghin vo thnh trong ca my nghin v do s c xtgia cc ht vi nhau. Ba c lp trn a treo s (4) gn trn trc quay (5), cc ba

c treo cch u nhau. Go sau khi nghin vi kch thc yu cu s lt qua li 3

ra ngoi v c a vo phu cha nh gu ti. Li sng c kch thc l l 1,7 mm.



22/68


2.2 Phn xng nu

2.2.1 S qui trnh cng ngh

2.2.

2 Thuyt minh qui trnh

Trc khi tin hnh mt m nu, phi thc hin cng vic chun b gm:


Go phitrn vi nc

Malt phitrn vi nc

Nu go m ha

Hi cho

ng ha

Lc

Dch ng trong

Houblon ha

Thng lng xoy

Dch nc nha

B hoa

Ra b B hm

Hi lu


23/68


+ Chun b nguyn liu, cht ph gia theo qui nh ca mt m nu, m bo

ng tiu chun v cht lng.

+ m bo nc v hi t, t tiu chun cho mt m nu.+ Cc thit b phi m bo sch s, cc van ng m ng theo yu cu.

Qu trnh nu bao gm cc cng on chnh sau:

a. ng ha nguyn liu:

Mc ch: Di tc ng ca enzim thy phn c trong nguyn liu v b sung

bn ngoi vo, tinh bt c thy phn to thnh ch yu l ng maltoza v cc

dextrin to c cht cho qu trnh ln men sau ny.

Trc khi nu, ta kim tra v iu chnh pH ca nc phi trn trong khong

cho php l 6- 7,5. iu chnh pH nh my s dng axit H3PO4

Ti ni nu go, sau khi un si dch phi trn vo, ta b sung CaCl2.H2O vi

t l 0,9176 kg/tn go to pH m cho qu trnh thy phn sau ny. Sau b sung

enzim Termamyl vi t l 464,7 ml/ tn go phn ct tinh bt thnh cc mch ngn,

to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh ng ha.

Tin hnh nng nhit ca ni ln 60oC, 98oC, 100oC vi tc nng nhit l

1oC/ pht v gi nhit si trong 2 pht ph v cu trc tinh bt, to iu kin

thun li cho qu trnh ng ha sau khi hi cho.

Ti ni nu malt, ta cng b sung CaCl2..H2O vi t l 1,055kg/ tn malt v b

sung enzim Ceremix vi t l 222,2 ml/ tn malt tng hiu sut ng ha.

Tin hnh nng nhit ni malt ln 40oC v gi trong 20 pht nhm to iu

kin cho enzim proteaza thc hin qu trnh m ha. Sau tin hnh hi cho, bm

ton b dch ni go sang ni malt, sao cho nhit ca ni malt m bo 66oC.

Trong sn xut tnh ton lm sao cho khi thi gian nu ni malt va kt thc th

ng thi ni go cng va thc hin xong qu trnh m ha nhm trnh thi gian

i qu lu mt trong 2 ni dn n s oxi ha, lm thay i thnh phn ha hc ca

nguyn liu. Tin hnh gi nhit 66oC trong thi gian 10-15 pht, mc ch l



24/68


enzim beta- amylaza thc hin qu trnh phn ct tinh bt ch yu thnh ng

maltoza v mt t dextrin. Tip n, nng nhit t 66oC ln 78oC v gi trong thi

gian 10 pht, mc ch ca giai an ny l to iu kin cho enzim anpha- amylazathy phn tinh bt, sn phm ca qu trnh ny ch yu l dextrin v mt t ng

maltoza. Nh vy sn phm chnh ca giai on ny l dextrin, y l mt trong nhng

ch tiu quan trng to nn hng v m cho bia.

Kt thc qu trnh gi nhit 78oC, kim tra qu trnh ng ha bng dung

dch iot 0,01N . Nu cn tinh bt th phn ng gia ch ng v iot s c mu xanh

hoc xanh en, cn nu ht tinh bt th nh iot vo dch ng, iot s khng i mu.

Nu qu trnh ng ha cha t th ta phi ko di thm qu trnh ng ha v c

th b sung thm enzim nu cn thit.

Sau khi ng ha xong, bm ton b dch ng sang thit b lc y bng

tin hnh lc b. Trc khi cho dch ng vo, thng lc y bng ta bm mt

lng nc nng 78oc t di y thit b ln ngp khng gian gia y gi v y

tht. Mc ch ca vic ny l trnh s chnh lch p sut ln gia dch ng bm

qua lc v khong khng gia y gi v y tht, ui khng kh trong thit b v trn

ng ng, v th trnh c s nn cht ca khi dch ln li lc, lm cho qu trnh

lc d dng hn. Sau tin hnh cho dch ng vo thit b, thng thng cho dch

lc ban u lun c v vy ta phi tin hnh hi lu li thit b lc, thi gian hi lu l

10 pht. Khi thy dch ng thu c t trong theo yu cu th rt dch ng

trong cho vo ni un hoa, nu ni un hoa ang hot ng th ta bm dch ng

vo ni trung gian i ni un hoa hon thnh m trc .

Sau khi lc ta tin hnh ra b nhm tn thu lng dch ng cn li trong b.

ra b ngi ta s dng nc nng c nhit l 78oC. Nc ra b c phun

thnh tia t trn xung bo m lun lun ngp b nhm trnh b b oxi ha , qu

trnh ra b kt thc khi nng thu c t nng 2,8- 1oP.



25/68


Trong qu trnh lc, ta phi theo di tc lc c th xi b kp thi. Nu kt

thc ln bm dch lc th nht n khi bm li ln th hai m ln hn 3 pht th h

cnh xi xung 2-3 cm xi lp b lc, cho xi 1 vng chng 100 giy th dng cnhxi li.

Sau khi ra b, bt dao co b tp trung b v bm vo thng cha.

b. Houblon ha dch ng

Mc ch:

+ Trch li cht ng, tinh du thm, poliphenol, cc hp cht cha nit v cc

thnh phn khc ca hoa houblon vo dch ng..

+ Kt lng protein v cc hp cht cao phn t cng cc cn li ti lm tng

bn keo v n nh cc thnh phn sinh hc ca dch ng.

+ To sc cng b mt nh poliphenol, cht ng, cc hp cht cha nit trong

hoa. Nh bt CO2 trong bia khng d dng thot ra , ng thi cc hp cht ny cn

gp phn to v gi bt cho bia.

+ To melanoidin lm tng mu cho bia.

+ Gim pH, gim nht ca dch ng.

+ Thanh trng dch ng, v hot enzim.

+ C c nc nha t nng yu cu trc lc ln men.

Trc khi thc hin qu trnh houblon ha tin hnh o th tch v ng

ca dch ng.

Dch ng trong c bm vo ni un hoa. Khi t c 70% lng dch cn

un th tin hnh nng nhit ni houblon ha ln 100oC tin hnh un si dch

ng. Ta phi tnh ton sao cho khi qu trnh ra b malt kt thc th dch ng

trong thit b un hoa cng va si.

Hoa houblon c cho vo di dng vin v cao hoa, vi lng cho mt m

nu l 1,1 kg cao hoa v 6,5 kg hoa vin. Hoa c cho vo khi nhit trong ni t

t 90-95oC v c cho vo cung mt lc. Tip theo nng nhit dch ng ln n



26/68


100oC, nhit ny ta tin hnh iu chnh pH ca dch ng bng axit H3PO4,

ng thi b sung CaCl2.H2O vi lng 2200g cho mt m v caramen ( 1300ml)

nhm tng mu cho dch nha.Thi gian thc hin qu trnh houblon ha l 60 pht. Kt thc qu trnh un

hoa tin hnh ngt hi o th tch, ly mu o ng v pH. pH theo yu

cu dch nha l 5,2 0,1. ng thch hp ln men nh my l 16,5op, nu nh

ng cao ta b sung thm nc vo, cn nu nh ng thp th m nu sau

ta b vo bng cch hn ch s ln ra b hoc tng thi gian houblon ha ln.

Sau khi houblon ha dch ng c bm qua ni whirpool tch cn hoa

v tp cht kt lng, thi gian lng trong l 20 pht. Trc khi bt u h lnh dch nha

5 pht, ta b sung ZnSO4.7H2O (32g) vo dch nha cung cp cht dinh dng cho

nm men , lm cht xc tc cho qu trnh ln men sau ny. Dch nha trong c a

qua thit b trao i nhit h nhit xung 8- 10oC trc khi a vo tank ln men.

Cn hoa c tho ra ngoi v nu nh y khng phi l m nu cui cng th

a vo cng on lc b trch li dch ng tn thu lng ng c trong b hoa.

Cn nu nh y l m nu cui cng th b hoa c a vo khu vc cha b hm.



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2.3 Cc thit b chnh trong phn xng nu

2.3.1 Ni nua. Cu to 1. ng thot hi

2. V ni

3.n chiu

4. Ca quan st

5. Lp trong thng

6. Lp cch nhit

7. V ngoi

8. Nc ngng

9. Dch cho ra

10. Mt

11. ng hi vo

12. Cnh khuy

13.Nc v sinh

14. Ca nguyn liu vo

Thit b nu c thn hnh tr, y cn c ch to bng thp khng g. Thit b

c h thng cp hi gia nhit, hi c truyn vo ni qua h thng ng xon rut

gi tip xc vi thnh v y ni, thn ni c bo n bng lp cch nhit (6).

b. Nguyn tc hot ng

Nguyn liu (go hoc malt phi trn) a vo ni qua ca s s (14). Bt

cho cnh khuy hot ng, cnh khuy c mc ch lm cho nguyn liu tip xc u

vi nhit v enzim trnh hin tng vn cc v qu trnh nu tt hn. Hi cp nhit

cho ni theo ng ng s (11). Nc ngng c tho ra ngoi qua ng ng (8) v



28/68


c a sang l hi. Sau khi hon thnh qa trnh nu, dch c a ra ngoi qua

ca s (9). Thit b c v sinh nh ng ng dn nc v sinh (13).

c. Thng s ni nu gop sut thit k 4 kg/cm2

p sut lm vic 4 kg/cm2

p sut th 8 kg/cm2

Th tch ni 11 m3

Trng lng ni 1903,5 kg

Kch thc d = 2800, h = 4540 mm

d. Thng s ni nu malt.p sut thit k 4 kg/cm2


p sut th 8 kg/cm2

Th tch ni 11 m3

Trng lng ni 2843,5

Kch thc d=4211, h= 5000 mm

2.3.2 Thit b lc y bng

a. Cu to



29/68


Thit bi c dng hnh tr, y phng, np hnh cu

1. Dch cho vo 7. y li gi2. Dch ng ra 8. ng nc v sinh

3. Cnh xi b 9. ng nc ra b

4. Thanh gt b 10. Ca quan st

5. Ca tho b hm 11. Lp cch nhit

6. ng c 12. Cc ng gom

b. Nguyn tc hot ng

Trc khi tin hnh lc phi cho nc nng (78oC) y khng kh ra khi

thit b. Trc khi a dch cho vo ta cho cnh xi b (3) hot ng.Tc cnh xi

lc ny khong 0,5 vng/pht. Dch cho c bm vo thit b theo ng ng s (1).

Sau khi bm dch vo xong, cho cnh khuy chy vi vng nhm co u b malt trn

b mt lc. Dch lc chy xung cc ng gom ri c cha trong bnh cha sau lc,

nu dch lc thu c cn c ta cho hi lu tr li thit b lc. Quan st trn ng

ng dn vo thng cha dch lc, nu thy dch ng trong th chuyn sang ni

houblon ha.

Trong qu trnh lc, nu ta kt thc ln bm th nht n khi bm li ln hai m

ln hn 3 pht th h cnh xi xung 2-3 cm xi lp b lc, vn tc cnh xi 100s/

vng.

Sau khi lc, tin hnh ra b nc 78oC n khi nng dch ng trong

nc ra b thu c khong 0,8%. Sau ra b, bt thanh gt b (4) tp trung b v

bm v thng cha b hm, cn dch ng trong c bm sang ni houblon ha.



30/68


2.3.3 Thit b Houblon haa. Cu to

1. ng thot hi

2. Ca v sinh

3,4 ng ng CIP

5. Dch ng ra, vo

6. ng hi vo

7. Ca np hoa

8. B trao i nhit

9. Nc ngng ra

b. Nguyn tc hot ng

Dch ng cp t di ln theo ng ng s (5) vo ni, hi cp theo ng

ng s (6) i vo b phn gia nhit (8). Sau khi dch ng c truyn nhit, dch si

ln v phun ln khi chm ng chm., v ln nn phn phi lm tng b mt bay hi

ca dch. Qu trnh cp dch v nng nhit d ni lin tc sau khi cho dch lc b cui

cng vo ni houblon thi lc nhit ni houblon va si, cho hoa houblon vo.

Hoa houblon c cho vo di dng vin v cao hoa cng mt ln. Thi gian

un dch ng vi hoa houblon l 75ph, sau th kim tra nng ng, nu t

th dng qu trnh houblon ha li. Dch ng sau khi houblon ha c tho ra ngoi

qua ng ng s (5). Sau v sinh thit b qua ng ng (3) v (4).



31/68


c. Thng s ni hoablon hop sut thit k 4 kg/cm2


p sut th 8 kg/cm2

Th tch ni 24 m3

Trng lng ni 3208,5

Kch thc d= 4211, h= 4950 mm

A

2.3.4 Thit b lng xoy whirlpool

a.Cu to

1. ng thot hi

2. V thng

3,4. ng tho dch ng

5. Ca tho b

6. Dch ng vo

7. Dch nc v sinh

8. Ca lm v sinh.

Thit b whirlpool c thn hnh tr, y bng c lm bng thp khng g, c

nghing 100

b. Nguyn tc hot ng



32/68


Dch ng sau khi houblon ha c bm vo thit b lng qua ca s (6) theo

phng tip tuyn vi thnh thit b lm cho c khi dch lng xoy trn di tc dng

ca lc hng tm. Nh cn c ht vo tm thng v lng xung y. Sau khichuyn ht dch ng vo thit b, yn trong 20 pht qu trnh lng tip tc.

Dch nha trong pha trn c tho ra qua ca s (3), phn di vn tip tc lng,

dch trong cn li tip tc c tho qua ca s (4). Sau phn cn hoa c ly ra

qua ng ng (5). ng ng s (7) dng dn dung dch CIP v sinh sau houblon

ha.

2.4 QUI TRNH CIP ( V SINH THIT B).

2.4.1 Qui trnh v sinh2.4.

2 Thuyt minh qui trnh.

2.4.2.1 Chun b

Gm ha cht NaOH, nc, hi

2.4.2.2 Kim tra

+ Xc nh li nng NaOH trong thng CIP.

+ Sau khi xc nh li nng NaOH, ta tnh lng NaOH cn thm vo thng

CIP 2,5m3 c c nng dch CIP + 0,2%. Do vy bm tt c dung dch trong


Chun b

Kim tra

Nitrunggian

Nilc

Nimalt

Nigo

NiHoublon

Nilng

Bphitrn

Thngb hoa


33/68


thng CIP qua ni go, cho chy cnh khuy sau tin hnh b ha cht v nng

nhit ti ni go ln 85oC. Sau mi bm vo thng CIP cc thit b theo s .

2.4.2.3 Qu trnh CIP

Khi CIP thit b no th cho bt cc van c ng dch CIP i n thit b .

Tip n cho chy bm dch CIP, trong qu trnh CIP ta cn ch n bo hiu mc

trn v mc di ca n bo hiu ca thng CIP bm hi lu v canh chng

khong 2 pht cho bt bm hi lu 12 ln, v 2 pht cho tt bm. Qu trnh ny c lp

i lp li cho n khi kt thc qu trnh CIP thit b th dng v chuyn sang thit

b khc.

Nhit dung dch NaOH dng CIP cho tt c cc thit b l 80- 85oC.

Thi gian yu cu CIP cho cc thit b nh sau:

+ B phi trn 40 pht

+ Ni go, ni malt 50 pht

+ Ni lc 40 pht

+ Ni trung gian 40 pht

+ Ni hoa 70 pht

+ Ni lng whirlpool 50 pht

Qu trnh CIP cc thit b t yu cu khi thit b khng cn d bn. Nu

cha t yu cu th CIP li cho n khi no sch th dng. Trong qu trnh CIP, khi

CIP xong mt thit b th khng nht thit phi bm ht dch CIP tronh thit b v

li thng CIP m ta c th bm sang thit b k tip tip tc qu trnh CIP. Sau khi

CIP ton b thit b theo ng thi gian qui nh th cho chy li bng nc nng cho

tt c cc thit b n khi no khng cn xt trong thit b th dng. kim tra cn

xt hay khng dng phenolphtalein kim tra nc ra.



34/68


+ Vi ng CIP i: th bm nc lnh t thng nc lnh v sinh. Tt c

vo thng whirlpool ri cho ra ngoi.

+ Vi ng CIP v: cho chy nc nng v sinh.

CHNG 3: B PHN LN MEN, LC

3.1. Quy trnh ln men, lc

3.1.1. S quy trnh cng ngh


Nha nngt nh nu

Thit b gim nhit

Nc nha lnh

Ln men chnh

Ln men ph

H lnh

Tng tr

B phi trn

Thit b lc

Ti lc

Tank ch rt

Nc 2oC

Cp khng kh Cp nm men

CO2 t

Khng t

X b

Thu hi

Bt tr lc

Cht ph gia

Bo ha CO2


35/68


3.1.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh

Trc khi nhn nc nha t nh nu phi kim tra tc c cc thit b t thit b

h nhit nc nha cho n tank ln men xc nh, tank tr men, tank ch rt, my

lc, ti lc, h thng cc ng ng. Tc c u c lm sch v tit trng theo quy

trnh CIP.

Dch nha t nh nu sau khi houblon ha, lng trong c bm qua nh lc

vo thit b h nhit.ti y dch nha c lm lnh nhanh t 85-90oC xung 9-10oC

nh tc nhn lnh l nc 2oC cp t phn xng c in. Dch nha trn ng n

tank ln men c sc khng kh v phi nm men.

Hm lng khng kh c cp khong 8-10 mg/l, qu trnh cp khng kh cho

dch nha l iu kin cn thit cho s sinh sn ca nm men, to sinh khi s

lng yu cu trong giai on u ca thi k ln men chnh.. Nm men c phi trn

vo vi dch nha ngay trn ng ng chuyn n tank ln men nhm tng din tch

tip xc ca nm men vi dch ng. Nm men s dng l chng nm men chm

ging gc c nhn ln phng th nghim ri c nui cc tank nhn men.

nui cy nm men ta dng mi trng l dch ng v trng c b sung thm mui

khong, cht sinh trng, vitamin hoc s dng li cc dch sa men c thu hi t

cc tank ln men trc. S lng men phi trn c nh lng bng cn t l 0,35%,

v c tnh cho ton b dch nha. Dch nha i vo tank ln men t di ln nhm

trnh s to bt v gi c s n dnh cho dch.

Qu trnh ln men gm 2 giai on: ln men chnh v ln men ph

- Ln men chnh: Nhit ln men l 14oC. Chng nm men chm thch nghi

vi iu kin sinh trng v pht trin nhit thp, phn b ch yu phn sau ca



36/68


dch nha trong thit b ln men. Trong qu trnh ln men chng c khuynh hng lng

su xung y thit b.

Khi ln men mt lng c cht ca dch ng houblon ha ch yu l ngv dextrin bc thp b nm men hp th to thnh ruh etylic, kh CO2 v cc sn

phm ph khc. Qu trnh ln men trong giai on ny din ra mnh nht v CO2 sinh

ra nhiu nht. Gi p sut trong tank ln men khong 0,3-0,5kg/cm2. Thi gian kim

tra tinh khit ca CO2 khong 24 gi sau khi lm y tank ln men, nu tinh

khit ln hn hoc bng 99,6% th tin hnh thu hi nu khng t th tin hnh thi ra

ngoi nh khi bt u ln men.

Trong qu trnh ln men, cn b hoa houblon trong dch nha s c xu hng

lng xung y. V vy sau thi gian 24 ngy k t khi dch y tank ln men th tin

hnh x cn y. Thi gian ln men chnh khong 7-8 ngy, ty thuc vo hm lng

diacetyl. Ch s VDK = 0,12ppm th kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh v tin hnh h

lnh xung nhit -1oC. Cht ti lnh y l glycol c nhit l -4-5oC.

Thng thng th sau 7-8 ngy ln men chnh hm lng ng maltose v cc

loi ng n khc c kh nng ln men b nm men hp th ht. V vy qu trnh

h lnh -1oC thc cht l nhm kt lng nm men tch khi bia non, ng thi qu

trnh ny cng nhm tn thu thm CO2 v n nh cc thnh phn v tnh cht cm

quan ca sn phm.

i vi nhng tank ln men sau khi h lnh gi p sut 0,2-0,3 kg/cm2,

nhit 2-30C l tin hnh rt men v thu hi li thng cha men x l, cp cho

tank ln men tip theo. Thng thng ti nh my sau 5 i th b v khi lng men

di rt ln khng tt cho qu trnh ln men sau ny.

- Giai on ln men ph ( v tng tr)

Sau khi h lnh tch b men nhng trong tank vn cn mt t men. Chnh lng

ny s tip tc ln men phn cn li to thnh CO2 v cc sn phm khc nhng

mc chm hn. ng thi trong qu trnh ny lng diacetyl to thnh giai on



37/68


ln men c kh v chuyn thnh cc este, l qu trnh n nh cc thnh phn v tnh

cht cm quan cho bia thnh phm. Trong qu trnh ny cn ng van thu hi CO2

CO2 sinh ra c ngm vo trong bia. Tuy nhin cn phi theo di p sut do CO2 sinhra m bo an ton thng qua ng h p lc.

Nhit trong giai on v tng tr bia l -1oC, gi p sut trong tank l

0,2-0,3 kg/cm2. Thi gian ln men ph khong 2-3 ngy.

Trc khi a qua lc ta phi trn bia tng tr cc tank ln men khc nhau

nhm to ra sn phm ng nht, n nh, cho cht lng tt nht. Hoc nng cao

nng sut ca nh my ngi ta nu bia vi nng ng cao (14-16%), sau bia

thnh phm c phi trn vi nc DAW 3-4oC ( qua loi O2 v bo ha CO2) vi

t l nht nh, ph thuc vo cn bia lc tng tr, ng ca bia,

Dch sau khi c phi trn c bm vo thit b lc dng a tch cn t

bo nm men. Qu trnh lc xy ra nh s chnh lch p sut. tng kh nng lc

ngi ta dng bt tr lc HYFLO to lp lc trn b mt a lc. Bia ban u sau

khi ra khi thit b lc a cn c nn cho hi lu li thit b lc a cho n khi bia

t trong cn thit, thi gian tun hon l ln hn 5 pht Trong qu trnh a bia

vo my lc th ta c b sung mt s cht ph gia nh: K2CO3, Metabisunfit, FBHop

nhm hiu chnh cc thng s k thut v cc tiu chun nh: mu, pH. nhm lm

tng bn sinh hc cho bia ko di thi gian bo qun, chng oxy ha, n nh cc

thnh phn v tnh cht cm quan ca sn phm. Sau , bia c a qua thit b lc

ti tch mt phn cn mn, nm men, bo t cn st t trong cn thit cho

bia. Sau , bia c bm vo cc b cha ba trong a qua khu chit rt

3.2 Quy trnh nhn men trong phn xng

3.2.1 Chun b

- V sinh tank ln men theo ng qui trnh cng ngh.

- V sinh ng ng cp dch nha.

- Kim tra ng kh nn.



38/68


- Thanh trng ng ng v b lc kh.

3.2.2 Yu cu chung

- V trng tuyt i trnh tnh trng nhim khun.- Ngi vn hnh tun th theo ng yu cu k thut.

3.2.3 Nhn men

- Ci nhit tank nhn men 18,5oC i vi bia Larue.

- Nhn dch ln men: Nhit h lnh ca dch nha l 18oC, ly vo tank nhn

men 10hl dch nha. Sau khi ly xong bo phng th nghim cp men ging. Sau khi s

lng t bo nm men t yu cu tip tc ly vo tank nhn men 12hl dch nha.

- Cp men ging: men ging c th cp vo tank nhn men song song vi qu

trnh nhn dch nha sau khi qu trnh nhn dch nha t phn xng nu. Men ging

cha trong thng CALSBERG i nhn ging trong phng th nghim.

- Tin hnh: u ni ng ng cp kh nn trong phn xng qua b lc vi

khun v i vo thng CALSBERG vo tank nhm men qua ng ng y tank.

Trong sut qu trnh a men vo tank phi thng xuyn o dch trong thng

CALSBERG.

3.2.4. Kt thc giai on cp men ging

- V sinh cc ng cp dch cng nh cc ng ng ph tr khc.

- Cp kh nn khi men hot ng (lng kh va phi trnh tnh trng tro men

gy ra nhim bn).

- Trong khi nhn men phi thng xuyn duy tr sc kh v theo di nhit

nhitk vo phiu theo di CIP gi/ln.

3.2.5 Kt thc qu trnh nhn men

- Qu trnh nhn men kt thc khi s men >= 100 triu t bo/ ml dch, ch s

ny c c t vic phn tch ca phng th nghim.

3.3.3 Cc thit b chnh trong qu trnh ln men, lc

3.3.1. Thit b trao i nhit dng tm



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a. Cu to

b. Nguyn tc hot ng

My lm lnh nhanh kiu bn mng, c cu to l nhng tm bn gp sng,c ch to t thp khng g. Cc tm bn c hnh ch nht, c 4 tai 4 gc, trn mi

tai c thng 1 l trn. Vi cu to nh vy nn khi lp chngln khung my th s to

4 mng dn: dch ng vo my, dch ng ra khi my, tc nhn lnh vo my,tc

nhn lnh ra khi my. Dch nha c nhit 90-95oC c bm vo mt bm dn

pha di, cn tc nhn lnh l nc 2oC c bm vo 1 bm dn pha trn. Dch

nha nng v nc lnh i ngc chiu nhau. Dch nha nng c h nhit xung 9-

10oC, v c a ra ngoi theo mng dn pha trn, cn nc nng ra khi mytheo mng dn pha di.



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3.3.2 Thit b ln men

a. Cu to1.ng ng nha vo, bia ra, hi CIP

2. ng ng glycol cp

4. ng ng CIP, thu hi CO2, cp CO2

5. Lp bo n

6. Van an ton

7. Van chn khng

8. Qu cu CIP

9. ng ra ca glycol

10. Van ly mu

+ Cc thng s ca tank ln men

Tank ln men gm 12 tank:

P. Thit k : 1 kg/cm2

P.Lm vic : 0,85 kg/cm2

P.Th : 2 kg/cm2

Nhit lm vic Tmax : -5oC

Th tch (V) : 70m3

Trng lng G : 8.792

Kch thc : 3.350*H=15000

b. Nguyn tc hot ng

Dch nha v nm men c phi trn trc trn ng ng, i vo tank ln

men theo hng i t di ln nhm trnh s to bt v gi n nh cho dch. Mt tank

ln men vi 4 m dch nha. Qu trnh ln men trong thit b c chia lm 2 giai on:



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+ Giai on th 1: Dch nha c cho vo tank theo ng ng s 1 t di ln,

khi dch nha ch vo m u tin th ci nhit khoang di, v khi vo 4 m th

ci nhit 2 khoang bng nhau (14o

C), thng lng dch nha chim khong 80% thtch ca tank, tin hnh ln men.sau thi gian ln men 24 gi tin hnh rt cn lnh.

Trong qu trnh ln men, sau 24 gi th p sut ca tank ln men s tng dn v vy cn

ch o tinh khit ca CO2 nu >= 99,6% th tin hnh thu hi, nu khng t th

x b nhng vn gi p lc trong tank ln men l 0,3 kg/cm2.

Qu trnh ln men kt thc khi chnh lch gia hm lng cht tan biu kin

(AE) v ln men gii hn (FA) t yu cu (AE-FA


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1) ng ng bia vo

2) ng ng thng p

3) ng ng CIP

4) ng ng x y

5) ng ng bia ra

6) Ca x7) Trc my lc

8) Li lc

9) Bm x bt

10) Van an ton

b. Nguyn tc hot ng

- Ph bt my lc:

+ S dng HYFLO vi khi lng 22,7 kg cho 1 ln ph.

+ Thi gian ph 30 pht.

+ Chy hi lu my lc th cho my lc th to thnh mt lp b mt (lp

huyn ph) trn cc li lc.

- X nc my lc th (sau khi ph bt):

+ Sau khi bt to mt lp mt trn li lc, quan st my lc th. Thy

nc trong ta tin hnh x y my lc th. Nc c x qua ng ng s 5.

+ Nc t t (lu lng nh) trnh hin tng v bt. Thi gian x khong 30

pht.

- Ly y bia my lc th:



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+ Sau khi bia c x men ta tin hnh ly vo my lc th. Thi gian lm

y trong my lc th khong 30 pht.

+ Ly bia t t qua ng ng s 4. p sut trong my lc th lun lun gi 1,8-2bar. Nu cao qu ta gim p thng qua ng ng s 2.

- Hi lu bia trong my lc th:

+ Khi bia y trong my lc th ta tin hnh hi lu bia, nhm lm trong bia

trc khi a qua my lc ti. Khi bia trong (quan st qua knh u ra my lc

th) ta tin hnh cho bia qua my lc ti.

- Qu trnh lc bia:

+ Bia vo ng ng s 1 v ra ng ng s 5 n my lc ti sau c

chuyn vo thng cha ch rt. tc lc 150Hl/h..

+ Th tch ti a cho mi m l 600Hl.

+ Trong khi lc cn b sung mt s cht ph gia nh:

K2CO3, mu, metabisunfit,FBHop. Bn cnh cng c thm mt bn hng cung cp

cho bia to mi thm c trng cho bia thnh phm.

+ Song song vi qu trnh lc ta tin hnh cp CO2 v bt tr lc STD.

+ Lng bt STD s dng lc cho 600Hl l 45,4 kg.

+ Khi lc xong ta tin hnh v sinh my lc, dng bm s 9 bm bt lc ra

ngoi a v x theo ng s 4 hay ca s 6.

Ch : trong qu trnh lc bia ta thng xuyn kim tra cc ch s tiu chun, c 30

pht 1 ln: pH, mu, SO2, O2, khi y tank cha bia trong ta cn kim tra cc ch s li

mt ln na trc khi cp i chit.

3.4 Cc s c c th xy ra trong qu trnh ln men, lc

+ Nhit ca qu trnh ln men l 14oC nhng trong qu trnh ln men c th >

14oC. Nhit ln men m tng ln th c glycol lm lnh gi li nhng c lc do

glycol chy lnh phn tn nhiu ni trong khu vc nh my nn chy yu cung cp

khng cho qu trnh ln men.



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+ Van b h hng trong qu trnh thc hin.

* Cch khc phc: Bo nhanh cho b phn c in tin hnh chy lnh nhanh cho nh

ln men v phn cng nhn vin k thut xung sa nhng van h hng kp thi. Nukhng khc phc kp thi th m bia s khng t yu cu, d.

3.5 Cc qui trnh CIP (clean in place)

3.5.1 Mc ch ca qu trnh CIP

Nhm v sinh sch s tc c cc ng ng nh nu, nh lc, tank ln men, tank

thu hi men cho qu trnh ln men, lc t hiu qu.

Khi ln men xong d to kh, bt, nhim vi sinh nn cn phi CIP trc khi ln

men m tip theo.

3.5.2 Chun b ha cht

Kim tra cc bn cha CIP c t nng theo yu cu hay cha. Nu cha t

th phi b sung cho t.

Nng ha cht CIP qui nh nh sau:

a. CIP lnh: Gm cc dung dch

NaOH: 1,8-2%

ATR: 1,5-2%

SepTAcid: 0,5-0.7%

+ H THNG CC BN CIP LNH



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1. ng chy trn2. ng hi lu CIP

3.ng ng CIP

4. ng ng x y

5. ng ng x trc khi vo bung CIP

b. CIP nng:

Dung dch NaOH 75-80oC(1,8-2%) dng CIP ng ng h nhit nha nh

nu v nh lc.Nc nng 85-90oC dng thanh trng bia trc khi a i lc.

1. ng CIP

2. ng CIP hi lu v

3. ng ng chy trn

4. ng CIP x trc khi vo bn

5. ng x y



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Ch :

- Vn hnh theo nguyn tc M van trc btbm sau, tt bm trc ng vansau.

- Do ng ng trong phn xng dng chung cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau

nhm tit kim ng ng nn trc khi u ni ng ng phi xem ng ng cn

ni c dng mc ch g khng.

3.5.3 Cc bc tin hnh CIP: gm 6 bc

Bc 1: V sinh bng dung dch NaOH thi gian 20 giy dng 3 pht (3 ln)

sau x b.

Bc 2: Ra bng nc x l n khi ht NaOH (th bng dung dch

phenolphtalein 1% n khi khng mu) khong 15-20 pht.

Bc 3: V sinh bng dung dch T: 1,5-2% trong thi gian 2 pht dng 3 pht.

Bc 4: Ra bng nc x l n khi ht ATR kim tra bng cch o pH th

dng.

Bc 5: V sinh bng dung dch Sep trong thi gian 2 pht dng 3 pht.

Bc 6: Ra bng nc x l n khi th khng mu th dng

Kt thc: Tin hnh tt bm ng tc c cc van trn ng ng i v ng ng v

ca dung dch CIP.



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3.5.4 Cc qu trnh CIP cc khu vc c th.

a. V sinh ng ng nh nu: tun theo qui trnh chung- Dung dch dng CIP l NaOH (1,8-2%) nhit 75-80oC.

- M cc van trn ng ng lin quan vi nhau v tin hnh v sinh theo th t sau:

Nc x l (thi gian 5 pht)

Dung dch NaOH (tun hon 15 pht)

Ra bng nc nng 90-950C (thi gian 30 pht)

Chy li nc lnh v th bng phenolphtalein 1% n khi khng cn

mu th dng (khong 15-20 pht).

Kt thc: ng tc c cc van trn ng ng v bo ln nh nu ng van in t.

b. V sinh ng ng nh lc: Ging v sinh ng ng nh nu

Ch :

+ M van ly mu dch nha khi v sinh, m van khc sao cho to thnh mt

vng tun hon.

+ Xem ng ng cn v sinh c cn dng vo mc ch khc khng.

+ a tc c cc van v trng thi ng khi kt thc.

c. V sinh cc tank ln men, tank tng tr bia trong, tank nhn men, tank thu hi men.

Cc ch khi chun b:

- M cc van tay, van ly mu.

- ng cc van tay glycol, ci nhit cc tank ln 30oC, tt cn (khi v sinh

tank nhn men c cn).

- Ch dng CIP lnh ( dung dch nhit thng) v sinh.



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- Khi v sinh tank ln men, tank c cn v tank men gia cn ch m b lc

kh trc khi v sinh nu sau khi v sinh m dng cha men lin th cn phi thi

kh v h lnh sau khi v sinh.



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CHNG 4: PHN XNG CHIT RT

4.1 S quy trnh lm vic ca phn xng chit rt


Kt c chai t th trng

My bc v chai rng

Chai rng bn

My ra chai

Soi chai

Chit bia v ng np

Thanh trng

Soi chai bia

Dn nhn

In ngy

Kim tra nhn

Bc bia thnh phm vo kt

Kho thnh phm

Ra sch kt


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4.2 Thit minh quy trnh

- V chai bn c bng ti chuyn vo my bc v chai. Ti y chai bia

s dng s c bc ra khi kt v chuyn vo my ra chai nh bng ti nm ngang.Cn kt chai s c chuyn n my ra kt s dng li.

- my ra chai: Chai bn c a vo b nc m (40oC) ri sang b st c

nng 1,8-2,0; nhit 78-82oC; ngm chai khong 5-7 pht, tip tc chai c phun

st vi nng thp hn (0,5-0,8%) v nhit st phun l 70-78oC. Chai sau khi

c ngm v ra bng st th c ra li bng nc m, v nc v trng trng

chai ln cui. Chai lc ny vn cn nhn, nhn c tch khI chai bng my nh vi

phun c p sut ln. Thi gian ra ngm v ra chai khong 15 pht. m bo

sch an ton cho chai th sau ra, chai c kim tra v cho kt qu khng mu vi ch

th phenolftalein 1%; chai khng v, nt hoc cn cn bn Nu chai khng t yu

cu th loi b chai khi dy chuyn hoc x l s dng li ln sau.

- Chai t yu cu c chuyn n my chit bia nh bng ti. Ti y bia s

c chit vo chai theo nguyn tc ng p. Qu trnh chit bia s c thc hin qua

4 giai on:

+ Ht chn khng: ui khng kh ra khi chai.

+ Np CO2 v chit bia.

+ X p

+ n nh bia trong chai, ng np

- H thng chit bia l mt my lin hp gia chit v ng np nn bia sau khi

c chit vo chai s c ghp np. Trong qu trnh di chuyn t chit sang ghp

np th chai bia c phun bi vi nc nng 85-100oC vi p lc ln (4,5 bar) ui

ht phn khng kh cn li trong c chai. Yu cu ca chai bia sau khi ghp np l mi

ghp phi kn m bo cht lng bia. Th tch ca mi chai bia l 450 ml.

- Sau khi ghp np bia c chuyn n thit b thanh trng nh bng ti dit

men, n nh cht lng. Qu trnh thanh trng chnh din ra 64oC v h nhit dn



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xung 28oC, tng thi gian nng nhit n 68oC v h nhit xung 28oC l 52 pht.

Trc khi ra khi thit b thanh trng chai bia c thi sch nc bm trn v chai

thun li cho cng on dn nhn tip theo. Sau khi thanh trng mt s chai bia c thcn cn hoc th tch khng t yu cu, cn kim tra v loi khi dy chuyn.

- Cc chai m bo yu cu c a n my dn nhn v my in ngy in

ngy sn xut v hn s dng cho sn phm.

- Kim tra chai bia ln cui loi nhng chai cn li do dn nhn, in ngy

trc khi chuyn chng n my bc chai bia thnh phn v nhp kho.

4.3 Thit b trong phn xng chit rt:

4.3.1 My ra chai:Mc ch: - Ra sch nhng bi bn, cn ng trong chai trc khi chit rt

- m bo v sinh thc phm cho chai



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a. Cu to

1. Li chn; 2. Vi phun cht ty ra; 3. Vi phun ln cui; 4. B nc ngm s b;

5. B ngm st NaOH; 6. B ra 1; 7 B ra 2; 8. B NaOH nng.

b. Nguyn tc hot ng:

My ra chai gm c 4 vng:

- Vng 1 (vng nc ngm): Vng ny gm 2 b ngm s b 4 v 5. B ngm 4

cha nc 35-400C, y l nc tn dng t vng cui chy trn v. B ngm 5 cha

NaOH 1,8-2%, nhit : 80-82oC. Chai bn c bng ti chuyn v my v gn cc



53/68


chai trn bng chuyn xch (caset) chuyn ng vo vng ny ngm, lm cc cht

bn trong chai ht nc v mm hn, d tch ra khi chai hn.

- Vng 2 (vng phun cht ty ra): Vng ny cha cht ty ra l NaOH 0,5-0,8%, nhit 70oC. Ngoi ra cn b sung thm Stabilon 0,25-3% tng hiu sut ty

ra. Chai c chuyn n vng ny th chc u xung di. Nc trong chai c

ra ht. H thng vi phun ha cht c chia lm 2 phn:

+ Phn phun t di ln trn: Gm cc ng nm ngang xp xen k ng

c nh v ng xoay. ng c nh phun theo hng thng ng v ch phun khi c chai

n, ng xoay trn va phun va qut 1 gc 90o i vi mi hng chai.

+ Phn phun t trn xung di: Gm cc ng c nh phun ln phn t

chai v ngoi chai.

Chai sau khi qua vng ny, di tc dng ca ha cht v lc phun thcc cht

bn chai c ra tri ng k.

-Vng 3 (vng ra li): Vng ny ch cha nc lm sch cc tp cht cha

c ra sch vng trc, cu to gm ng phun c nh v ng xoay. Vng ny

c chia lm 2-3 vng c nhit gim dn trnh hin tng sc nhit, v chai:

+ Vng nc nng: 70oC

+ Vng nc m: 45-50oC

+Vng nc thng: 40-45oC

Chai ra khi vng ny a s u c lm sch, ch cn tnh ha cht ty ra.

- Vng 4 (vng ra cui): s dng nc cng ngh ra sch ha cht cn st

lI trong chai. Lng nc ny ch s dng 1 ln nn tn dng ta cho chng chy

trn v b ngm vng 1 ngm chai.

4.3.2 My chit chai:(Nng sut 15000 chai/h)

a. Cu to:

My gm 44 vi chit, mi vi gm 2 b phn:



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- Xilanh pha ngoi: Xilanh c kt thc pha di bng mng lc cao su,

khi chai y ln th vng cao su s m cht c chai.

- Pittng pha trong: L 1 ng rng di, pha di c supap. Chuyn ng dcxilanh nh lc nn khng kh.

b. Nguyn tt hot ng:

Qu trnh chit bia c thc hin theo nguyn tc ng p, gm 4 giai on:

- Giai on 1: Ht chn khng uI khng kh, p lc ht -0.92 n -0.95 bar

- Giai on 2:Np CO2 v chit bia, p lc 3 bar

- Giai on 3: X CO2

- Giai on 4: n nh bia trong chai, ng np

Trc khi chai c ng np s qua mt vi nh phun nc vo chai nhm to

bt y khng kh , lc ny CO2 tro ra a khng kh ra ngoi, khi bt va tro

ln cng l lc np ng xung, mi ln ng c 11 np, p lc 2 bar.

4.3.3 Thit b thanh trng



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Mc ch: - Dit nhng vi sinh vt trong bia

- Ko di thi gian bo qun

a. Cu to

- Thit b thanhtrng gm 8 khoang, cc khoang c nhit khc nhau.



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57/68


Phn 3: B PHN C INCHNG 1: H THNG LNH1.2S h thng lnh

1.2 Thuyt minh s

H thng lnh to nc lnh 2oC cung cp cho my lnh nhanh h lnh dch

nha v glycol lnh lm lnh cc tank ln men, tank bia, tank thu hi men.


Bnnc2oC

Lm lnh dchnha nng

Ncthng

Dnngng 1

Dnlmlnhnc

Bn h p Tit lu

Dnngng 2

Dnlmlnhglycol

Bn

chaglycolnng

Bn

chaglycollnh

Mynn

Mynn

Mynn

Bmncgiinhit

Cp cho tanklen men


58/68


59/68


CHNG 2: H THNG X L CO2

2.1. S nguyn l


CO2 cp cho ccb phn sn xut

Phao cha CO2

My nn

BnhchancsckhCO2

Nc2oC

Silicagen 1 Silicagen 2

Than hottnh 1

Than hottnh 2

Ho lngCO2

R22

Bn cha2 tn

Bn cha 10tn

Ho hiCO2

Hi boho

CO2 t 12 tanklen men


60/68


2.2 Thuyt minh s

CO2 sau khi 32h ln men nu t tinh khit 99,6% tr ln, c sc vo bnh

cha nc 2o

C kh bt bia, tch tp cht v h nhit t 20-22o

C n 15-17o

C v psut p=0,5bar nn c nhiu. Kh sau c a ln phao thi phng. Kh CO2

c trong phao y ln s c my nn ht v p sut 18bar, ri a qua 2 ct than

hot tnh hp th mi v 2 ct silicagen tch nc.

Sau kh CO2 c a qua bnh ha lng CO2 chuyn CO2 t th kh sang

th lng, nhit ha lng l -30 -20oC vi tc nhn ha lng l R22. CO2 lng t bnh

ha lng c a vo bnh cha CO2 2 tn v 10 tn. bnh cha mt phn CO2 s

c chuyn qua my chit dc chit CO2 d phng.

Mt phn CO2 lng s qua bnh ha hi CO2. Nh hi nng c nhit 150oC v

p=4bar m CO2 lng chuyn thnh hi v c cp cho b phn s dng nh b phn

ln men, lc v chit.



61/68


CHNG 3: H THNG L HI

3.1 Qu trnh cp hi

Nc dng cho l hi l nc mn do nc phi c x l bng cch choqua ct trao i ion (b sung 10% NaCL vo ct trao i ion ngm trong 2 gi sau

x NaCL) tch cc ion Ca2+ va Mg2+:

Ca(HCO3)2 + NaR NaHCO3+CaR2

Mg(HCO3)2 +NaR NaHCO3+MgR2

Sau khi ra khi ct trao i ion, nc c b sung NaCol.22310 ngn cn

s n mn kim loi, c tc dng tch cc ion Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+ bng cch gy kt ta l

lng trong nc, trnh hnh thnh cc cn trn b mt thit b. Hm lng 1 lt ha

cht/5000-10000lt nc. Ngoi ra, ta cn s dng SBE ln tng pH trung ha. pH

ca nc cp cho l hi l 8-9. Sau nc c a qua bm cha ri c a qua

l hi. Nc ngng t cc b phn nh nh nu, nh lc c tp trung v thng cha,

khi s l t tiu chun s c bm v bn cha. Nhin liu dng cho l hi l FO.

Ngi ta sy du hai cp du chy ht, khng hao du. Du FO t bn cha 15m3

c bm qua bn cha 5m3 ti y du c nng nhit ln 70oC. Sau du c

bm cao p bm n b phn 2 ri vo l hi, nhit ca du lc ny l 90-120oC.

Dng hi nc sy du. L hi gm nhiu ng trao i nhit. Du t chy i trong

ng, nc i ngoi ng. Khi thng gi n t l xc nh th my t ng ng ca gi.

Khi b phn nh tia la in t hot ng, c ga phun ra mi la. Khi du chy

th b phn nh tt. Hi thot ra c a vo cc ng gom hi. Sau c cp n

cc b phn trong cc phn xng: cung cp cho nh nu, nh lc, nh chit, cho v

sinh (CIP) v cung cp cho qu trnh sy s b du.



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CHNG 4: H THNG X L NC DNG CHO SN XUT

4.1. S x l nc

4.2 Thuyt minh s

Trong nh my bia, nc c dng vi nhiu mc ch: nu nguyn liu, thanh

trng, v sinh thit b, lm lnh dch nha, phi trn bia Nc nh hng trc tip

n cht lng ca bia. Chnh v vy nc nu bia khng ch i hi y cc tiu

chun nc ung m cn i hi cc tiu chun ring i vi cng ngh sn xut bia.

Nc t nh my nc ca khu cng nghip in Nam - in Ngc c bm

vo b lng 1 c th tch 200m3 tch cc tp cht xung y. Nc ging c bm

ln bi 5 ging bm vi cng sut 40m3/h. Sau , nc c bm n thp kh st


Bn nc 10m3Bn nc cngngh 32m3

Cung cp cho ccb phn sn xut

Lc tinh 1 Lc tinh 2 Lc than1 Lc than 2

Lc ct 1 Lc ct 2Thpkh st5 ging bm

Bm nh

lng clorine B cha 1

Nc thy cc

B cha 2


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tch nc trong st ra. Ta thp kh st dch cline c bm ha trn vo trong nc

kh st theo ng ng st trng. Lng clorine ha trn vo nc khong t 3-

4mg/l, sau nc c a xung b lng 1 chung vi nc t nh my ca khu vccng nghip in Nam - in Ngc. Tip tc nc t b cha 1 c bm qua b lc

ct, b lc ct gm 2 thng lc lm vic ng thi nhm mc ch loi b tp cht th.

Thng lc ct gm nhiu lp: Sn to pha trn, sn nh gia, ct di. Tc lc

40m3/h, p lc c hc 3-4kg/cm3.

Nc sau khi lc ct phi dt tiu chun sau: pH=6-7.5, hm lng clorine

0.5mg/l, c < 0.1 NTU.

Khi t cc ch tiu trn, nc c bm qua b cha 2, c th tch 100 m3. Sau

c bm qua lc than kh clorine v mi l, p lc lc 2-3 kg/cm2. Sau khi lc

than yu cu hm lng clorine


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4.1. S h thng x l nc thi

4.2. Thuyt minh s

Nc thi t cc phn xng ca nh my c tp trung v h gom, trc khi

vo h nc c lai b cc tp cht ln bi tm li chn ngang trc h, v ckim tra pH, b sung acid pH trung ha (pH=7), ri nc c a v b tch

du, du c tch ra nh vo trng lc, du ni ln trn v nc c rt di.

Nc tip tc c a vo b iu ha, ti y bm khng kh vo sc kh. B

iu ha nhm iu chnh pH thun li cho VSV pht trin, nng cao hm lng

oxi, tch du, pH ti b iu ha l 5.5-9. Nc thi tip tc bm qua b lng 1 lng

bn, nc trn c qua b sinh hc c cha bn vi sinh VSV n ht cc cht c.

Tip theo nc c qua b lng 2 lng li tt c lng bn cn li.Nc sau khi x l c trn ra ngoi cn bn c hi lu v tip tc lm

bn vi sinh.

Phn 5: AN TON LAO NG


Nc thi t nh my B loi rc B cha

H2SO

4m c B iu ha

B lng 1B sinh hcVSV hiu kh

Nc thi x l B lng 2 B bn


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5.1 An ton in

m an ton in cn thc hin ng nhng quy nh sau:

- Phi c cc c cu che chn cc thit b v b phn ca mng in trnhnguy him khi tip xc bt ng vo vt dn in.

- Phi chn ng in p s dng v thc hin ni t cc thit b in cng nh

in thp sng theo ng quy nh.

- Nghim chnh s dng cc thit b, dng c an ton van bo v khi lm vic.

- T chc kim tra, vn hnh theo ng cc quy tc an ton.

- Phi thng xuyn kim tra d phng cch in ca cc thit b cng nh h

thng in.

5.2 An ton ha cht

phng nga tc hi ha cht, cn m bo cc nguyn tc v cc bin php

c bn sau:

- Hn ch s dng hoc thay th ha cht c hi.

- C bin php thng gi thch hp

- Bao che hoc cch ly vng ha cht nguy him.

- C phng php bo v sc khe ngi lao ng: an ton trong t chc, qun l

ha cht ti doanh nghip. Ngi lao ng c nhn y thng tin v ha cht khi

tip xc, c o to, hn luyn cc bin php phng nga. Kim tra sc khe nh

k cho ngi lao ng.

5.3 An ton v tr lm vic

- Ngi vn hnh phi hiu nguyn l my, cc thao tc vn hnh phi ng v

chnh xc.

- Khi mun sa cha hoc v sinh th phi dng my

- Nm r cc yu cu an ton in, khi c s c v in yu cu ngi c trch

nhim sa cha.



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- Phi c bo h lao ng nh: khu trang, gng tay, knh bo h, mv nhng

bo h chuyn dng khc ty tng khu vc lm vic c th.



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KT LUN

Sau gn mt thng thc tp tai cng ty TNHH VBL Qung Nam thuc khu cng

nghip in Nam- in Ngc, c s gip ca ban lnh o cng ty v cc anh

ch cng nhn trong nh my gip ti c iu kin tip xc vi thc t sn xut v

qua kin thc c s cng nh chuyn ngnh ca ti c m rng hn, Nhn thc

ca ti thu c sau t thc tp ny l m bo nhng yu t quan trng cn thit ca

mt nh my sn xut thc phm l:

- m bo ch v sinh nghim ngt, tun th cc tiu chun v v sinh an ton

thc phm trong nc v quc t.

- Cn m bo ngun nc v x l nc m bo tiu chun

- Vn x l nc thi cn c quan tm v gii quyt.

Tuy nhin nh my sn xut ch yu thc hin bng cng ngh nn ti cha tham

gia trc tip vo khu sn xut. l mt hn ch ln do ti khng th trnh nhng

thiu xt v hiu ht cc vn gia thc t v l thuyt nn ti rt mong c gip

v gp ca anh ch cng ty, nh trng , cc bn ti c th c hon thin hn .

Ti xin chn thnh cm n ban lnh o, cc c ch, anh ch trong cng ty

to iu kin v gip nhit tnh cho ti v cc bn trong sut thi gian thc tp. Tuy

nhin, do thi gian c hn cng vi nhng hn ch v kinh nghim thc t nn bi bo

co ny khng th trnh khi nhng sai st. Mong cc thy c v anh ch trong nh

my thng cm.

Sinh vin thc hin

th sng



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