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Welcome togroup 4


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1.Warm-up (Khi ng ).Look at the diagram. What is the function of the operating system?

(Nhn vo biu , cc chc nng ca h iu hnh l g? )


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Read the text below and complete it with the phrases in the box

(c cc on vn di y v hon thnh chng vi cc cm t

thch hp trong hp.)

Applications software operating system software system software

Information provided by programs and data is known as (1). . Programs are sets of instructions that make thecomputer execute operations and tasks. There are two main types ofsoftware:

Thng tin c cung cp bi cc chng trnh v phn mm ny cgi l(1).. Chng trnh c b hng dn my tnhthc hin cc hot ng v thc thi nhim v. N c 2 loi chnh:

software

Phn mm


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The (2) . refers to all the programs whichcontrol the basic functions of a computer. They includeoperating systems, system utilities (e.g. an anti-virus program,a back-up utility) and language translators (e.g. a compiler-the

software that translates instructions into machine code).

(2) ... ... ... ... ... ... .... .. cp n tt c cc chng trnh iukhin cc chc nng c bn ca mt my tnh. Chng bao gmh iu hnh, tin ch h thng (v d nh mt chng trnh

chng virus, mt tin ch back-up) v phin dch ngn ng (vd mt trnh bin dch - cc phn mm dch hng dn vo mmy).

System software

Phn mm h thng


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The (3) . .refers to all thoseapplications such as word processors and spreadsheets which are used for specific purposes. Applications are usuallystored on disks loaded into the RAM memory when activated

by the user.Vic (3) ... ... ... ... ... ... .... .Ni n tt c nhng ngdng - chng hn nh trnh x l t v bng tnh - c sdng cho cc mc ch c th. Cc ng dng thng c lu

trn a c ti vo b nh RAM khi kch hot bi ngi sdng.

Applications software

Phn mm ng dng


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The (4) . is the most important type of systemsoftware. It is usually supplied by the manufacturers and comprises aset of programs and files that control the hardware and softwareresources of a computer system. It controls all the elements that theuser sees, and it communicates directly with the computer. In most

configurations, the OS is automatically loaded into the RAM sectionwhen the computer is started up.

(4) ... ... ... ... ... ... .... l loi quan trng nht ca phn mm h thng.N thng c cung cp bi cc nh sn xut v bao gm mt bcc chng trnh v tp tin m iu khin ngun ti nguynphn cngv phn mm ca mt h thng my tnh. N iu khin tt c ccyu t m ngi dng thy, v n giao tip trc tip vi my tnh.Trong hu ht cc cu hnh, h iu hnh c t ng np vo mt

phn RAM khi my tnh khi ng.

Operating system

h iu hnh


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H iu hnh ny c pht trin bi Microsoft vo nm 1981

tng thch vi tt c cc my bn IBM. Ngy nay n ch c sdng trong my i c.Trong h iu hnh s dng lnh ny, bn giaotip vi my tnh bng cch g lnh tn ti trong th vin ca chng.V d, mt s lnh DOS c bn bao gm DIR (hin th mt danh sch

tt c cc tp tin trong mt th mc), Copy (to ra mt bn sao camt tp tin), DEL (xa tp tin).

1.Reading

This operating system was developed by Microsoft in 1981 for all IBMPC compatibles. Today its only used in old PCs. In this text-based OS,you communicate with the computer by typing commands that exist

within its library. For example, some basic DOS commands include DIR(shows a list of all the files in a directory), COPY (makes a duplicate ofa file), DEL (deletes files).


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Most home PCs use Windows. Here are the most recent versions:

Hu ht cc my tnh gia nh s dng Windows. Sau y l cc phin bn gn y nht:With Windows 98, Internet access becomes part of the user interface. Its active desktop letsyou find information easily with the same view of content on your PC, network or the Web.The system includes Outlook Express for e-mail, NetMeeting conferencing software, a chat

program and a Web-page editor. It offers advancemants such as USB and multimediaextensions.

Vi Windows 98, truy cp Internet tr thnh mt phn ca giao din ngi dng. My tnh bn hot ng ca n cho php bn d dng tm kim thng tin vi xem cng mt nidung trn my tnh, mng hoc Web. H thng ny bao gm Outlook Express cho e-mail,

phn mm NetMeeting hi ngh, mt chng trnh tr chuyn v mt trnh son tho trangweb. N em n s tin b nh USB v m rng a phng tin.

Windows 2000 is built upon the Windows NT architecture and designed for business uses. Windows 2000 c xy dng da vo kin trc Windows NT, v c thit k cho ccdoanh nghip ln s dng.Windows Millennium is designed for home use. It includes new system safeguards andsupport for DVD, music players and mobile computers.

Windows Millennium c thit k cho ngi dng gia nh. N bao gm cc bin php

bo v h thng mi v h tr cho DVD, my nghe nhc v my tnh di ng.


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Window XP is an update to all Windows versions, with a new visual desisecure and reliable. It offers support for the latest technologies.

Window XP l mt phin bn cp nht cho tt c cc Windows, vi mt thit k trcquan mi. N an ton hn v ng tin cy. N cung cp s h tr cho cc cng ngh

mi nht.

This OS is developed for handheld computers (or palmtops) that use a

stylus or a small keyboard for input.

H iu hnh ny c pht trin cho cc my tnh cm tay c s dng mt btchm a im hoc bn phm nh nhp.


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The Mac OS combines the elegance of Macintosh and the power ofUNIX.

( H iu hnh Mac kt hp s thanh lch ca Macintosh v sc mnh ca UNIX.)

Large parts of the Mac OS are inside the System file and the Finder,kept in the System folder.

(Phn ln ca h iu hnh Mac c bn trong cc tp tin h thng v Finder, gi trongth mc h thng )

The content of the System file is loaded automatically at start-up, andcontains information which modifies the routines of the OS in the ROMchips.

(Ni dung ca tp tin h thng s t ng c np lc khi ng, v cha thng tin

m sa i cc th tc ca h iu hnh trong cc chip ROM.)


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With the new Mac OS, you can create CDs and record DVDs. It also offe

Internet capabilities, support for Java, and AirPort technology for wirelessconnections.

( Vi Mac OS mi, bn c th to a CD v ghi DVD N cng cung cpkh nng truy cp Internet, h tr Java, v cng ngh cho cc kt ni

khng dy AirPort. )

The Finder displays the Macintoshs desktop and enables the user to work

and files.

(Finder hin th mn hnh ca Macintosh v cho php ngi s dng lmvi cc a, chng trnh v tp tin ).


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This OS, designed by Bell Laboratories for minicomputers and workstations, has beenwidely adopted by many corporate installations. From the very first, it was designed tobe a multi-tasking system. It is written in C language.It has become an operating environment for software development, available for anytype of machine, from IBM PCs to Macs to Cray supercomputers. Unix is the mostcommonly used system for advanced CAD programs.

This is the PC worlds most technically sophisticated operating system.It provides true multi-tasking, allowing a program to be divided intothreads, many of which can run at the same time. Thus, not only can

numerous programs run simultaneously, but one program can performnumerous tasks at the same time.y l h iu hnh vi k thut tinh vi nht trong th gii my tnh bn.N cung cp nhiu a tc v thc, cho php chng trnh c chia thnhnhiu lung nhiu lung trong s c th chy cng mt lc. V th,

khng ch c rt nhiu chng trnh chy ng thi, m mt chng trnh cth thc hin nhiu tc v ng thi.


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The IBM OS/2 Warp includes easy access to networks via modem, supportfor Java applications, and voice recognition technology .

( IBM OS / 2 Warp bao gm truy cp mng d dng qua modem, h trcho cc ng dng Java, v cng ngh nhn dng ging ni ).

This OS, designed by Bell Laboratories for minicomputers andworkstations, has been widely adopted by many corporate installations.From the very first, it was designed to be a multi-tasking system. It iswritten in C language.

H iu hnh ny, c thit k bi phng th nghim Bell cho mytnh c nh (minicomputers )v my trm, c chp nhn ci trng ri bi nhiu cng ty. T lc s khai, n c thit k mt h

thng a tc v. N c vit bng ngn ng C.


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It has become an operating environment for software development,available for any type of machine, from IBM PCs to Macs to Craysupercomputers. Unix is the most commonly used system for advanced

CAD programs.(N tr thnh mt mi trng hot ng cho s pht trin phn mm, c kh nngp ng cho bt k loi my no, t my tnh ca IBM cho my Mac vi cc siu mytnh Cray. Unix l h thng thng c s dng nht dng cho cc chng trnh

CAD nng cao.)

Protected under the GNU general public licence, Linux is the open source,cooperatively-developed POSIX-based, multi-tasking operating system.

(Bo v theo giy php cng ng GNU, Linux l m ngun m, hp tcpht trin da trn POSIX,h iu hnh a nhim.)


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Linux is used as a high value, fully-functional UNIX workstation forapplications ranging from Internet Servers to reliable work groupcomputing. Linux is available for Intel, Alpha and Sun SPARC

platforms.(Linux l s dng nh mt my trm Unix vi kh nng cao, y

chc nng cho cc ng dng khc nhau, trong phm vi t dch vInternet n cc nhm my tnh lm vic c tin cy. Linux ph hpcho Intel, Alpha v Sun SPARC nn tng ).

This is a Unix-based operating system developed by Sun Microsystems.

(y l h iu hnh da trn nn tng Unix c pht trin bi Sun

Microsystems )


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Orginally designed to run on SPARC workstations, today Solaris alsoruns on may Pentium servers. It supports multi-processing many CPUsand processes on a single system. It includes Java technology, which

allows Web pages to display animation, play music and interact withinformation.

(u tin c thit k chy trn my trm SPARC, ngy naySolaris cng c chy trn cc my ch Pentium. N h tr a x l -

nhiu CPU v qu trnh trn mt h thng n l. N bao gm cngngh Java, cho php cc trang web hin th hnh nh ng,nghe nhcv tng tc vi thng tin ).


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5

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L I N U X

The OS that is freely redistributable under the GNU general publiclicence.

The OS originally developed to run on SPARC workstations.

S O L A R I S

The OS designed for handheld computers.

P O C K E T P C

The text-based operating system used in older PCs.

M S D O S

The OS provides true multi-tasking.

O S / 2 W A R P

The OS written in C language and used on minicomputers andworkstations.

U N I X

The OS inside the Finder.

M A C O S

The OS is the most secure and reliable version of the Windowsfamily.

W I N D O W S X P

09 S08 S07 S06 S05 S04 S03 S02 S01 S00 S09 S08 S07 S06 S05 S04 S03 S02 S01 S00 S


09 S08 S07 S06 S05 S04 S03 S02 S01 S00 S

09 S08 S07 S06 S05 S04 S03 S02 S01 S00 S


RELAX


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Language word(cng c ngn ng)

Here are some common nouns in computing. Divide them intocountable and uncountable nouns. Look at the HELP box and use adictionary if necessary

(y l mt s danh t ph bin trong my tnh. Hy chia chngthnh danh t m c v khng m. Nhn vo hp HELP v sdng t in nu cn thit.)

(h i )


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HELP box (hp tr gip):Countable and uncountable nouns: (Nhngdanh t m c v danh t khng mc).Countable nouns are people or things that we cancount. They have a singular and a plural form.They must have determiner (a, one, my, this, ) inthe singular, though this is not necessary in theplural.e.g. computer, website, bookmark(Danh t m c l nhng ngi, vt mchng ta c th m c. Chng c th

hnh thc s t hoc s nhiu. Chng phi cnhng t hn nh (a, an, this) i theo, mcd chng khng cn lun l hnh thc snhiu)V d: my tnh, a ch web, con du sch.Uncountable(mass) nouns are things that we

cant count. They have no plural form.e.g. information, pirating, storageThey are party distinguished by the determinersthey take.(Danh t khng c kh nng m c (hngng) l nhng th m khng th m s

lng. Chng khng c hnh thc s nhiu.V d: thng tin, lu tr

1 window (ca s) 2 robotics (robot) 3 hardware (phn cng)

4 program (chng trnh) 5 hacker 6 hacking 7 system (h thng) 8 software (phn mm)

9 workstation (my trm)

countable uncountable

Countable UncountableWindow hardwareHacker systemWorkstation softwareProgram hackingRobotics

i i C

S i


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These sentences contain typical errors. Correct them.

(nhng cu sau cha nhng li in hnh. Hy sa chng.)

1. We are having a terrible weatherA B C

Sai

ung roi

Sai

The corrected sentence:

We are having terribleweather.

Help boxMany, few, a few go withcountable nouns.We didnt take many pictures.

I have a few jobs to do.Much, little, a little, a great dealonly go with uncountable nouns.We didnt do much shopping.I have little work to do

Hp ch dn:Many, few, a few thng i vi danh t m c:

V d: Ti c mt vi ngnh i lm.Much, little, a little, a great deal: ch c dng cho

Nhng danh t khng m c:V d: Ti c rt t cng vic lm.


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4. Much people use the Web todayA B C

ung roiThe corrected sentence:

Lots of people use the web to day.

5. The news were very depressing.A B C

ung roi

Sai

The corrected sentence:

The news was very depressing.

Sai ri Tht tic

Ngy nay, nhiu ngi s dng web.

Tin tc qu bun chng


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Complete this text with a, an, the (or nothing at all) as necessary( Hon thnh on vn bn vi a, an, the(hoc b trng) khi cn thit.)

At school we have (1) computer in every classroom. We use (2) computer to do (3) projects and to study (4) music and languages. The teachers use PCs to print articles, songs,oractivities for use in class. This year, they are preparing (5) exchange with a college in Norfolk. We all use it to get (6)

information from (7) Internet.( Ti trng chng ti c (1) ... ... ... my tnh trong mi lp hc.Chng ti s dng (2) ... ... ... my tnh lm (3) ... ... ... cc d n v nghin cu (4) ... ... ... m nhc v ngn ng. Cc gio vin s dng

my tnh in cc bi bo, bi ht, hoc cc hot ng s dng tronglp hc. Nm nay, h ang chun b (5) ... ... ... trao i vi mt trngcao ng ti Norfolk. Tt c chng ta s dng n c c (6) ... ... ...thng tin t (7) ... ... ... Internet)

athe the

an

the


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At home I use my computer to send and receive (8) e-mail and to play (9) computer games. Ihave (10) ink-jet printer.

( nh ti s dng my tnh nhn v gi email (8).v chi(9). tr chi my tnh. Ti c (10)..my in phun.)

thean


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