Tong Dai Axe

7/31/2019 Tong Dai Axe

1/87


2/87

N TT NGHIP TRNG I HCVINH

2.5. Thit b ngoi vi bo hiu:................................................................................252.6. Thit b trao i ngi - my:...........................................................................262.7. Khi cung cp ngun:.......................................................................................262.8. Bus chung:.........................................................................................................26

III. X L GI............................................................................................................27

3.1. Phn tch mt cuc gi......................................................................................273.2. Cc chng trnh x l gi trong tng i SPC...............................................313.3. S liu thu bao.................................................................................................343.4. Phn tch phin dch v to tuyn.....................................................................353.5. Thit lp cuc gi ni ht.................................................................................363.6.Tnh cc............................................................................................................36

CHNG III: H THNG CHUYN MCH S................................39I. GII THIU CHUNG V K THUT CHUYN MCH S............................39II. H THNG CHUYN MCH S........................................................................39

2.1. Chuyn mch khng gian..................................................................................41

2. 2. chuyn mch thi gian.....................................................................................422.2.1.Chuyn mch iu khin u vo...................................................................422.2.2.Chuyn mch iu khin u ra......................................................................452.3.Chuyn mch s ghp hp.................................................................................472.3.1.Trng chuyn mch TST..............................................................................482.3.2. Chuyn mch S - T - S...................................................................................50

CHNG IV: H THNG TNG I RLU-AXE 810.......................51I.TNG QUAN V H THNG AXE.......................................................................51

1.1. Lch s pht trin ca h thng AXE...............................................................511.2. c im ca h thng AXE............................................................................521.3. ng dng ca tng i AXE.............................................................................53

II. CU TRC CA H THNG AXE.....................................................................54III. KIN TRC PHN CNG..................................................................................55

3.2. H thng iu khin APZ.................................................................................67IV. H THNG TNG I V TINH RLU AXE 810............................................77

4.1 Gii thiu v khi thu bao RLU ca AXE 810................................................784.2 Chuyn mch trong SSS .............................................................................79

V. H THNG KHAI THC V BO DNG.....................................................815.1. Khi chc nng HW. ........................................................................................815.2. Khi module ng dy LUM.........................................................................825.3. B chuyn i VSA.4.......................................................................................825.4. Giao din cnh bo ALI....................................................................................82

5.5. Thit b lu tr..................................................................................................835.6. Mng kt ni (inter platform network-IPN).....................................................83

VI. CC U IM V NG DNG CA H THNG AXE 810........................84

SV:Nguyn ng Hi-Lp 45k2 TVT- Khoa: Cng Ngh 2


3/87


BNG CC CH VIT TTALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit) Khi s hc v logic

AML (Automatic Maintenance Link) Lin kt t ng bo dng - MAU c

kt ni vi c hai CP thng qua AML(-bus).

ANSA (Analogue Subscriber Access) Khi thu bao truy nhp

APT Telephony part in AXE. H thng ng dng trong AXE

APZ Control part in AXE H thng iu khin

AST (Announcement Service Terminals) Thit b dng cho dch v bn tin

thng bo t ng.

BT (Bothway Trunk): Trung k hai chiu.

C7ST (Signa lling Terminal) Thit b bo hiu .

CAS (Channel Associated Signalling) H thng bo hiu knh ring.CCD Conference Call Device) Thit b dch v ng dng hi ngh.

CCM (Cesium Clock Module) - ng h Cesium(nguyn t).

CCS (Common Channel Signalling Subsystem) -H thng bo hiu knh chung

CHS (Charging Subsystem)- H thng tnh cc.

CLM (Clock Module) Module ng h

CP (Central Processor) B x l trung tm

CP-A (Central Processor sida A) CP mt A Mt lm vic

CP-B (Central Processor sida B) CP mt B Mt StandbyCPS (Central Processor Subsystem) Phn h x l trung tm

CR (Code Receiver) Khi nhn m CAS

CS (Code Sender) Khi gi m

CSR (Code Sender/Receiver) Khi nhn v gi m

DCS (Data Communication Subsystem) Phn h truyn thng

DL (Digital Link ) Kt ni s

DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequencie)

EM (Extension Module) Khi module m rng

EMB (Extension Module Bus)

EMRP (Extension Module Regional Processor)

EMRPB (EMRP Bus)

EMRPB-A (EMRP Bus A-side)

EMRPB-B (EMRP Bus B-side)

EMTS (Extension Module Time Switch) l chuyn mch thu bao nh.

ETC (Exchange Terminal Circuit)FMS (File Management Subsystem) -Phn h qun l file



4/87


GSS (Group Switch Subsystem) Phn h chuyn mch

ICM (Incoming Clock) - ng h vo.

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)

KR2 (Keyset code Reciever, digital) B nhn m DTMF

KRC (Keyset code Receiver Circuit) -Mch nhn m DTMF

LIC (Line Interface Circuit) Giao din thu bao.

LSM (Line Switch Module) Module chuyn mch.

MAS (Maintenance Subsystem) Phn h bo dng.

MAU (Maintenance Unit) Khi bo dng c dng khi CP fault

MCS (Man-Machine Communication Subsystem)Phn h giao tip ngi my

MUX (Multiplexer)

NT (Network Termination) Thit b mng.OMC (Operation and Maintenance Center) Trung tm vn hnh bo dng

OMS (Operation and Maintenance Subsystem) Phn h vn hnh bo dng

PABX (Private Automatic Branch Exchange) Tng i c quan

PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) - iu xung m.

PLEX (Programming language for exchanges) Ngn ng lp trnh cho tng

i.

RCM (Reference Clock Module) - ng h tham chiu

RP (Regional Processor) B iu khin vng.RPB-B (RPB, B-side)

RPS (Regional Processor Subsystem) Phn h iu khin vng.

RSM (Remote Subscriber Multiplexer) B ghp ni thu bao.

RSS (Remote Subscriber Switch) Chuyn mch xa

RT (Remote Terminal) Thit b xa.

SCS (Subscriber Control Subsystem) Phn h iu khin thu bao.

SE (Special Equipment) Thit b c bitSNT (Switching Network Terminal) Thit b kt ni vo mng chuyn mch

SNTP (Switching Network Terminal Point) - im kt ni vo mng chuyn

mch

SP (Signal Point) - im bo hiu.

SPM (Space Switch Module) Chuyn mch thi gian

SSA (Speech Store A) B lu d thoi

SSB (Speech Store B)

SSS (Subscriber Switching Subsystem) Phn h chuyn mch thu baoSTC (Signalling Terminal Central) Trung tm bo hiu iu khin thit b.



5/87


STP (Signal Transfer Point) im chuyn tip o hiu.

STR (Signalling Terminal Regional) Vng bo hiu iu khin thit b.

SULT (Subscriber Line Test)

SW (Software)

TCS (Traffic Control Subsystem) Phn h iu khin kt ni.

TSB (Time Switch Bus)

TSB-A (Time Switch Bus, plane A)

TSB-B (Time Switch Bus, plane B)

TSM (Time Switch Module)



6/87


LI NI UTrong nhng nm gn y, s bng n thng tin v ang nh du mt

bc ngot v i trong s pht trin chung ca x hi. Trong s pht trin ,

k thut tng i gp mt phn khng nh.

Ti Vit Nam hin nay cng vi chin lc s ho mng vin thng

em li s thay i r rt v quy m cng nh cht lng. Th h tng i in

t s SPC khng inh c v th v tnh u vit ca n nh : Tng i AXE

810 ca hng ERICCSON (Thy in), NEAX ca hng NEC (Nht Bn),

EWSD ca hng SIEMENS (c), E10 ca hng ALCATEL (Php),5ESS ca

hng AT&T (M).

Cng vi nhiu i hi cho mng thng tin, bao gm p ng nhanh v

a vo hnh thc a dch v, thch ng nhanh v mm do vi s tin trin cami trng a phng din vi tc cao v bng tn rng hn cho cc ng

truyn vin thng hng ERICCSON ca Thu in a ra mt h thng tng

i i mi AXE 810, loi tng i ny c rt nhiu u vit, n c th iu

khin cho chuyn mch vi dung lng rt ln cc thu bao, c tin cy v

chnh xc cao, hot ng mt cch t ng nh nhng chng trnh ghi sn

trong b nh, n c kh nng cung cp nhiu loi dch v vin thng vi tnh

nng mm do trong cu trc phn mm.

Trong thi gian lm n tt nghip em c thy gio Nguyn QucTrung hng dn tm hiu v tng i in t s SPC v tng quan v h thng

tng i RLU-AXE 810. Do trong n tt nghip ny em xin trnh by cc

phn sau:

- Chng I: Tng quan v tng i in t SPC s.

- Chng II: Gii thiu v tng i in t SPC s.

- Chng III: H thng chuyn mch s.

- Chng IV: H thng tng i RLU-AXE 810.

Do kinh nghim thc t cng nh thi gian cn hn ch nn trong n

ny em s khng trnh khi nhng sai st, em rt mong s ng gp kin v

s gip , ch bo ca cc thy c .

Em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio Nguyn Quc Trung v cc thy c

trong khoa Cng Ngh-Trng i Hc Vinh gip em c th hon

thnh bi bo co tt nghip ny.

Em xin trn trng cm n!

Vinh, ngy......thng.....nm 2009.Sinh vin: Nguyn ng Hi



7/87


CHNG I: TNG QUAN V TNG I IN T SPC.

I. GII THIU CHUNG.Tng i in t s SPC (Stored Program Control) l tng i iu khin

theo chng trnh ghi sn, ngha l n s dng b x l ging nh my tnh

iu khin hot ng ca tng i. Tt c cc chc nng iu khin c c

trng bi mt lot lnh ghi sn trong b nh. V vy cc s liu trc thuc tng

i nh : cc s liu v thu bao, cc bn phin dch v a ch, cc thng tin to

tuyn, tnh cc, thng k cc cuc gi... cng c lu sn trong b nh s

liu. Qua mi bc x l gi s nhn c cc quyt nh tng ng vi mi

loi nghip v, s liu ghi sn a ti cc loi thit b x l nghip v .

Cc chng trnh ghi sn c th thay i khi cn thay i nguyn tc iu

khin hay tnh nng ca h thng. Nh vy, ngi qun l c th linh hot trongqu trnh iu hnh tng i.

Cc tng i th h trc, c bit l tng i c in, cc chc nng bo

hiu, iu khin c thc hin bng cc mch tng hp v thc hin u ni

cc phn t logic l cc rle in, nh tc dng ca cc tip im rle m cc

chc nng logic nh trc c thc hin, nu thay i cc s liu thay

thay i qu trnh iu khin th vic thc hin rt vt v v kh khn. Khi tng

i in t s ra i vi s pht trin ca cc cng ngh in t tin tin, my

tnh. Cng vi vic s dng b x l ngoi th ngoi vic iu khin chuynmch n cn c kh nng thc hin cc chc nng khc. Cc chng trnh iu

khin cng nh cc s liu c th thay i nn cng vic iu hnh p ng nhu

cu thay i ca thu bao tr nn d dng. Vic a dch v ti thu bao v thay

i cc dch v c d dng thc hin qua trao i ngi my. Cc s liu trong

cc b nh d thay i khi ta thay i cc dch v c thng qua cc lnh ca

thit b ngoi vi trao i gia ngi v my.

Mt s dch v c bit c th thc hin bng cc thao tc t my thu

bao.

iu khin theo chng trnh ghi sn c nhiu u im nh khi thay i

chc nng no ch cn thay i phn mm ca h thng. Vi mch iu khin

th s dng b nh iu khin iu hnh ton b mng chuyn mch nn to

ra cc lnh v chuyn lnh n gin hn. V vy cc tng i in t hin nay

u lm vic theo nguyn l iu khin bng chng trnh ghi sn (SPC).

II. C IM CA TNG I IN T SPC



8/87


9/87


10/87


Tt c cc nhim v trn c thc hin c hiu qu nh s dng my tnh

iu khin tng i.

3.2. CC TIU CHUN C BN

1. tin cyVn chung: tin cy ca tng i l i lng quan trng nh gi cht

lng ca tng i. Cc khi nim v tin cy s dng c coi l kh nng

cung cp ca tng i trong iu kin hot ng ng vi ch dn khai thc bo

dng ca nh cung cp thit b. C s tnh ton v tin cy v kh dng l

c s thng k.

2. Cht lng tng i.

2.1.Cht lng tng i trong iu kin bnh thnga.Ti chun

- Ti chun A: Th hin mc trn trung bnh ca cc hot ng m nh

khai thc mong mun cung cp cho cc khch hng v gia cc tng i.

- Ti chun B: Th hin mc tng qu mc hot ng bnh thng d kin.

- Ti chun trn cc knh trung k gi vo:

+ Ti chun A: 0,7E (Earlang) trung bnh trn tt c cc knh trung k gi vo

+ Ti chun B: 0,8 E trung bnh trn tt c cc knh trung k gi vo, vi s

lng cuc gi trong 1 gi gp 1,2 ln so vi ti chun A.- Ti chun trn cc dy thu bao

+ Ti chun A:

Mt lu lng trung bnh BHCA trung bnh

0,03E 1,2

0,06E 2,4

0,10 E 4,0

0,17E 6,8



11/87


12/87


13/87


14/87


15/87


3.3. Cc m nghe c.

- Tng i phi c kh nng cung cp c cho bt c cuc gi no c kh

nng ti tin ting ni hay m thanh 300 n 3400 Hz trong iu kin tng ng.

- Cc m tng ng phi tho mn yu cu nh trong iu khon 3.6.1 ca

tiu chun ny v khuyn ngh E. 180, E. 182 ca ITU - T

4. Cc giao din.Tng i khng nht thit phi bao gm tt c cc loi giao din nh lit k

trong phn di y nhng nu c th phi tho mn cc tiu chun k thut

c qui nh trong tiu chun ny.

- Giao din thu bao

Truy nhp tng t: Giao din Z l giao din tng t c bn c nh

ngha ti pha ca ng dy thu bao tng t s dng kt b thu bao. inp ng dy thu bao trong khong 37V 48V.

Truy nhp s V: Giao din V1 c s dng ti im chun V1 kt ni

vo on truy nhp s nhm cung cp n v truy nhp c bn.

c im chc nng:

+ Knh 2B + D: cung cp kh nng truyn hai hng trn 2 knh B v mt

knh D tc 16 Kbit/s theo khuyn ngh I.412.

+ nh thi bit: Cung cp nh thi bit mt on s c kh nng ti to

li thng tin t mt lung bit lin tc.5. Cc dch v cung cp.5.1. Dch v c bn.

Tng i phi c kh nng cung cp cc dch v c bn sau y:

- Thu bao quay s t ng khng hn ch theo yu cu.

- H tr cuc gi.

- Gi ti cc m thng bo ghi trc.

- Gi cc s c bit.

- Cp xung 16 KHz.

- Cp o cc ng dy thu bao.

- Bt cuc gi.

- S liu.

+ Truyn FAX trn knh tng t, truyn FAX nhm IV trn knh s.

+ Truyn s liu trn knh s.

- Hnh nh.

+ Videotex+ in thoi thy hnh VieoPhone.



16/87


17/87


18/87


19/87


Dch v ny c x l u tin trc cc dch v khc nh tn hiu cu

thng, cu ho... a ch cuc gi thng ngn hai hoc ba ch s.

4.14. Tnh cc ti nh: cc h thng tng i in t s SPC cc thu bao c th p ng dch

v tnh cc ti nh nh b ch th cc t v tr thu bao. B ch th cc ny

c tc ng bi dy xung cc t h thng cc ca tng i qua mch dy

thu bao. Nh vy thu bao c th bit c cc tng cuc gi m h thc

hin.

4.15. Lp ho n tc th:Cung cp cc dng bn tin nh a ch thu bao b gi, ngy gi v

thi gian... Cc ph cuc gi.

4.16. Bt gi:Vic pht hin cc cuc gi quy ri c tin hnh tc thi nh m btc qui nh ring pht i t my thu bao b gi. Lc thng tin v thu bao

ch gi s c in ra ngay.

4.17. Dch v thng bo:Trong cc trng hp sau thng bo c th c t ng chuyn ti thu

bao ch gi:

- Thay i a ch thu bao.

- Gi m s khng xc nh.

- Gi m a ch thu bao khng kh nng tip nhn.

- tuyn gi hoc c s c.

- Thu bao tm thi b ct lin lc do s c hoc khng thanh ton cc.

4.18. Lin lc trc tipDch v ny cho php thu bao c th thit lp lin lc ngay sau khi nhc

t hp m khng cn chn s. Nu thu bao mun u ni ti mt thu bao khc

th tin hnh chn s trong mt khong thi gian nh trc sau khi nhc t hp,

thng thng l 5s hoc 10s. Nghip v ny cn gi l Warm line.4.19. Nghip v ng dy t: (Host line).

Cho php to tuyn gi ti mt thu bao xc nh m khng cn chn s,

khng cho php cuc gi ti cc thu bao khc bng phng php chn s.

4.20. Bo thc t ng:Cho php thu bao t ci t tham s thi gian cn bo thc, t hp m

lnh gia tng i vi tham s thi gian 2 ch s ch gi, 2 ch s ch pht.

4.21. T chi cuc gi:



20/87


Dch v ny t chi cc cuc gi n, trong tng i s pht cho thu bao

ch gi m bo bn vi mi cuc gi.

4.22. Kho thit b:Dch v ny cho php my khng tip nhn cc cuc gi vo khi khng

tun th mt qui c s dng ring, thng dng t hp m kho thit b.

4.23. Gi min cc:Tng i in t SPC cp cho mt thu bao quyn gi min cc. Ngoi

ra tt c cc thu bao thc hin cc cuc gi nghip v nh bo hng thit b,

thng bo in bo, gi cnh bo, u c min cc.

CHNG II. GII THIU V TNG I IN T SPC SI. S NGUYN L CHUNG:

Tuy c khc nhau nhiu gia cc tng i in t hin ang s dng trnth gii nhng tt c cc h thng u ging nhau v c cu phn b cc khi

chc nng. S khi n gin ca mt tng i SPC nh sau:

+ Thit b giao tip: Bao gm cc mch in thu bao, mch trung k,

thit b tp trung v x l tn hiu...

+ Thit b chuyn mch: Bao gm cc tng chuyn mch thi gian khng

gian hoc ghp hp.



21/87


+ Thit b ngoi vi v knh ring hp thnh thit b ngoi vi bo hiu.

Thng thng thit b bo hiu knh chung dng x l thng tin bo hiu lin

tng i theo mng bo hiu knh chung. Cn thit b bo hiu knh ring x

l thng tin bo hiu knh ring.

+ Ngoi vi chuyn mch: Cc thit b phn phi bo hiu, thit b o th,

thit b iu khin u ni hp thnh thit b ngoi vi chuyn mch. y l thit

b ngoi vi cho h thng iu khin.

+ Thit b iu khin trung tm: B x l trung tm cng vi cc b nh

ca n.

+ Thit b trao i ngi my: L cc loi my hin hnh c bn phm,

my in... trao i thng tin vo ra, v ghi li cc bn tin cn thit phc v

cng tc iu hnh v bo dng tng i.Ngoi ra cc tng i khu vc ca mng cng cng, cc tng i

chuyn tip v cc tng i quc t cn c cc khi chc nng nh tnh cc,

thng k, ng b mng, trung tm x l, thit b giao tip thu bao xa...

II. NHIM V CA CC KHI CHC NNG CA TNG I SPC:2.1. Thit b giao tip:

Thit b giao tip gm cc mch in kt cui thu bao, kt cui trung k

tng t v kt cui trung k s.

+ Khi mch kt cui bao gm:- Mch in ng dy thu bao lm by nhim v: BORSCHT tc l;

B: (Batteryfeed): cp ngun cho ng dy thu bao theo cng thc cp

ngun i xng.

O: (Overvoltage protection): Bo v qu p cho thit b, bo m cho

in p trn ng dy khng vt qu ngun cung cp.

R(Ring): Thc hin cp tn hiu rung chung cho thu bao b gi.

S (Supervision): Gim st cc trng thi thu bao.

C (Codec): Thc hin m ho v gii m trc v sau b tp trung phn

phi thoi (Chuyn i A D). a s cc ng dy thu bao hin l nhng

ng dy tng t bi vy trc khi a vo trng chuyn mch s th cc tn

hiu tng t phi c m ho thnh lung s PCM v khi a ra phi chuyn

i t lung PCM thnh tn hiu tng t.

H (Hybrid): B sai ng thc hin chuyn i 2/4 dy, pha bn thu bao

ngoi theo hai hng, mt hng pht mt hng thu, mi hng hai dy.

T (Text): o th v kim tra to s liu cho vic qun l v bo dngh thng.



22/87


Ngoi ra khi giao tip thu bao cn c mch nghip v nh mch phi

hp bo hiu, mch in thu pht xung quay s dng m thp phn v m a

tm. cc tng i s, mch in thu bao cn lm nhim v bin i qua li

A/D (Analog - Digital) cho tn hiu thoi.

+ Khi mch giao tip trung k tng t: Khi mch ny cha cc mch

in trung k dng cho cc cuc gi ra, gi vo v gi chuyn tip. Chng lm

nhim v cp ngun, gim st cuc gi, phi hp bo hiu.

+ Khi mch kt cui trung k s: Nhim v c bn ca khi mch ny l

thc hin cc chc nng GAZPACHO, bao gm:

- To khung (Gerieration of Frame): Tc l nhn dng tn hiu ng b

khung phn bit tng khung ca tuyn s liu PCM a n t cc tng i

khc.- ng b khung (Aligment of Frame): sp xp khung s liu mi ph

hp vi h thng PCM.

- Nn dy bt 0(Zero string suppression): V dy tn hiu

PCM c nhiu qung cha nhiu bt 0 s kh phc hi tn hiu ng b pha

thu nn nhim v ny l thc hin nn cc qung tn hiu c nhiu bt 0 lin

tip pha pht.

- o cc tnh: (Polar conversion): nhim v ny nhm bin i dy tn

hiu n cc t h thng a ra thnh dy tn hiu lng cc trn ng dy v

ngc li.

- X l cnh bo (Alarm Processing): x l cnh bo t ng PCM.

- Phc hi dy xung nhp (clock recovery): khi phc xung nhp t dy tn

hiu thu c.

- Tch thng tin ng b: (Hunt during reframe): Tch thng tin ng b

t dy tn hiu thu.

- Bo hiu (Ofice Signalling): Thc hin chc nng giao tip bo hiu phi hp cc bo hiu gia tng i ang xem xt v cc tng i khc qua cc

ng trung k.

2.2. Thit b chuyn mch: cc tng i in t, thit b chuyn mch l mt trong cc b phn ch

yu v c kch thc ln. N c cc chc nng chnh sau:

- Chc nng chuyn mch: thc hin thip lp tuyn ni gia hai hay

nhiu thu bao ca tng i hoc gia tng i ny v tng i khc.

- Chc nng truyn dn:



23/87


24/87


B x l chuyn mch bao gm mt b x l trung tm, cc b nh

chng trnh, s liu v phin dch cng thit b vo/ra lm nhim v phi hp

a cc thng tin vo v ly cc lnh ra.

B x l trung tm l mt b x l hay vi x l tc cao v c cng

sut x l tu thuc vo v tr x l chuyn mch ca n. N lm nhim v iu

khin thao tc cu thit b chuyn mch.

B nh chng trnh: Dng ghi li cc chng trnh iu khin cc

thao tc chuyn mch. Cc chng trnh ny c gi ra v x l cng vi cc

s liu cn thit.

B nh s liu dng ghi li tm thi cc s liu cn thit trong qu

trnh x l cc cuc gi nh cc ch s a ch thu bao, trng thi bn - ri ca

cc ng dy thu bao hay trung k...

B nh phin dch cha cc thng tin v loi ng dy thu bao ch gi

v b gi, m to tuyn, thng tin cc...

B nh s liu l b nh tm thi cn cc b nh chng trnh v phindch l cc b nh bn c nh. S liu hay chng trnh trong cc b nh bn c

nh khng thay i trong qu trnh x l cuc gi. Cn thng tin b nh tm

thi (Nh s liu) thay i lin tc t lc bt u ti lc kt thc cuc gi.

2.4. Thit b ngoi vi chuyn mch:Cc thit b o th trng thi ng dy thu bao v cc ng trung k,

thit b phn phi bo hiu, thit b iu khin u ni to thnh thit b ngoi vi

chuyn mch.

+ Thit b o th trng thi ng dy (Scanner).



25/87


26/87


2.6. Thit b trao i ngi - my: tt c cc tng i in t SPC ngi ta s dng thit b trao i ngi

my iu hnh, qun l v bo dng tng i trong qu trnh khai thc. Cc

thit b ny bao gm cc thit b Display c bn phm iu khin, cc my in t

ng (teleprinter), cc thit b o th ng dy v my thu bao... chng c

dng a cc lnh qun l v bo dng vo thit b x l thao tc v bo

dng ca tng i.

Ngoi cc thit b nu trn, tng i SPC trung tm cn c thit b ngoi

vi nh s liu. Thit b ny bao gm cc khi iu khin bng t, a t. Chng

c tc lm vic cao, dung lng ln v dng np phn mm vo cc b x

l, ghi cc thng tin tnh cc, thng k...

2.7. Khi cung cp ngun:Khi cung cp ngun c phn theo cc nhm thu bao ca tng i vbao gm nhiu mc v ngun in khc nhau.

Cc tng i u dng c - qui m bo cung cp lin tc khng ph

thuc vo mng in v hot ng khng ngt qung khi ngt in hay mng b

mt in. Mi b ngun c cu ch bo v ring. Ngun phi n nh trnh

c nhiu cc khe mch khng chuyn sang trng thi gy ri lon trong

chng trnh hot ng chung.

Ngun cung cp cho chung c thit k lp t ring m bo dngcho nhiu thu bao cng s dng m khng nh hng ti n nh ca cc khi

ngun khc.

2.8. Bus chung:Cc n v ngoi vi c th lin h vi b x l hoc b nh chung thng

qua bus chung, cc loi thng tin iu khin t b vi x l hoc cc s liu t b

nh cng c qua bus ny ti cc thit b ni trn.

* Tm li: Cc tng i in t ngy nay u lm vic theo nguyn l

iu khin theo chng trnh ghi sn (SPC). Thi k u ca tng i in tSPC c thit k theo kiu mt x l. Sau ny, ngi ta sn xut tng i SPC

theo kim module c nhiu cp x l. Vi cu trc nh vy tng i c th d

dng m rng dung lng v nng cao an ton ca h thng v hiu qu s

dng cc b x l cng cao hn. Cc b x l ngoi vi c trang b cc b x

l thch hp.



27/87


28/87


3.1.3. S phn phi b nh v cc thit b dng chung.

Khi tng i nhn mt tn hiu truy cp(off-hook signal), h thng iu

khin phi phn phi thit b dng chung cho cuc gi v cung cp ng dn

cho n bt u t ng dy gi, hnh thnh nn mt nhm cc thit b chim

dng lu, thit b ny cn thit trong sut cuc gi v loi thit b s dng ngn

hn ch cn trong giai on thit lp cuc gi m thi.Trong cc tng i tng

t, cu truyn dn phn tch ng ting mang tn hiu xoay chiu vi thnh

phn mt chiu xuyn qua tng i l mt v d v loi th nht. Trong cc tngi SPC n l record ca cuc gi, l vng nh b chim gi trong sut qu trnh



29/87


cuc gi. Loi th hai bao gm b thu v lu tr cc ch s cu thnh a ch

thu bao c gi. Trong tng i SPC th cc ch s ny c lu gi trong b

nh.

3.1.4. Cc ch s a ch

Sau khi nhn c m hiu mi quay s, thu bao nhp vo cc ch s a

ch bng cch quay s. Cc ch s c gi di dng cc tn hiu n tng i

v c lu gi ti . Hot ng bo hiu l kha cnh ht sc quan trng trong

h thng in thoi.

3.1.5. Phn tch ch s

H thng iu khin phi phn tch cc ch s xc nh tuyn i ra t

tng i cho cuc gi. Nu cuc gi hng n thu bao thuc tng i ni b

th s c nh tuyn n c dy thu bao c gi. Nu ng dy anglm vic vi cuc m thoi khc th tng i s gi tn hiu bo bn n thu

bao gi. Mt khc nu cuc gi hng n tng i xa n c th c phn

phi n bt c mt mch no trn tuyn thch hp i ra khi tng i gc. Nu

tt c cc mch u bn, tn hiu bn cng c gi n thu bao gi. Nu c

mt mch thch hp ang rnh, n s bt ly v khng th s dng cho bt k

cuc gi no khc. Trong tng i c in, vic chim gi ny tc ng n mt

iu kin v mc in p t vo thit b kt cui mch v c xem nh thao

tc nh du. Trong tng i SPC th thng tin v mch thng c lu gitrong cc bng di dng phn mm, trong trng hp ny m ch nh trong

vng d liu cho trc ch ra trng thi ca mt mch.

3.1.6.Thit lp ng dn chuyn mch.

Lc ny h thng iu khin bit c cc danh nh ca mch nhp v

mch xut, sau chn ng dn gia chng thng qua chuyn mch ca tng

i bng cc gii thut chn ng dn tng i thch hp. Mi im chuyn

mch trn ng chn c kim tra m bo rng khng trong trng thiphc v cho cuc gi khc v chim ly n nu rnh. Trong cc tng i SPC

c thc hin bng cch d v chn cc entry trong cc bng c sp xp.

3.1.7. Dng chung v m hiu chung

Mt tn hiu phi c gi n u ra xa tin hnh cuc gi. Nu thu

bao c gi l cc b, iu ny c thc hin thng qua vic gi dng in

chung n kch hot chung trong my in thoi c gi. Nu thu bao

khng phi l cc b, mt tn hiu truy cp phi c gi n tng i k tip

nhm kch hot n tin hnh cc thao tc ring. Cc thao tc ny cng tng tnh nhng thao tc trn, bao gm c cc tn hiu gi li tng i ngun. Khi tt



30/87


31/87


32/87


3.2.2. Chng trnh d th.

Cc bin c bo hiu xut hin trong mng in thoi c pht hin nh cc

chng trnh d th . Trng thi ca mt s im th cc mch in thu bao

hay trung k c xem xt ng thi v u n qua tng khong thi gian.

Thc t s lng im th ny l 16 hoc 32 c ghp vi nhau v c th

ng thi.B iu khin trung tm so snh kt qu d th gia ln d mi thc hin v ln

d trc c lu li. Cng vic so snh ny c thc hin nh thut

ton v mch in logic. Nh cng vic so snh ny m bt k s thay i no

xy ra gia hai ln d th u c pht hin.

3.2.3. Chng trnh tm tuyn ni.

Chng trnh ny dng tm mt tuyn u ni ri gia mt u vo v mt

u ra cho mt cuc gi ni ht hoc l mt tuyn ri gia mt u vo v mt

u ra ca nhm mch trung k i vi cc cuc gi chuyn tip, gi ra ...



33/87


34/87


cng vic i hi rng buc v thi gian t hn nh vo s cc thu bao, thng

k lu lng ...

Cc loi bng s liu.

Tt c cc s liu lin quan ti cu trc phn cng ca h thng, cc c tnh ca

thu bao, trng thi ng dy thu bao, thng tin v to tuyn v tnh cc ...

c th c phn b theo ba kiu.

- Bng s liu c nh: S liu ging nhau i vi tt c cc tng i cng loi.

N hnh thnh mt b phn logic h thng v cha cc s liu v cu trc ca

tng i.

- Bng s liu bn c nh: S liu bn c nh ph thuc cc nhn t ngoi nh

dung lng tng i, cc c tnh thu bao, thng tin to tuyn v tnh cc,

phng thc u ni gia cc phn khc nhau ca trng chuyn mch ...- Bng s liu tm thi: S liu tm thi lin quan ti tng cuc gi ring v

cha trng thi cuc gi, tuyn ni cho tn hiu ting ni qua trng chuyn

mch, khong thi gian gi ...

Cc chng trnh x l gi cn thng tin v cc thu bao mt s giai on x

l gi. S liu cn thit c ly ra t cc bng s liu tng ng. S liu ny

cn c p ng trong cc trng hp sau.

+ Giai on trc lc chn s.

+ Giai on chuyn thng tin a ch.+ Giai on gii to cuc gi.

3.3. S liu thu bao.S dng phn mm cho php ta to ra thu bao nhiu c tnh chi tit hn so vi

cc h thng ny ch c thng tin v ng dy thu bao, bao gm loi ng

dy c php khai thc hay loi nghip v ... c th c chng trnh ho

bng phng thc u ni cng. cc h thng chuyn mch SPC c th c

khong 50 n 100 bits nh s liu cho mi thu bao. Cc bit s liu ny c

ghi sn phc v cho phn loi thu bao. Nh vy c th cung cp cho rt nhiu

dch v mi.

3.3.1. .Phn loi s liu thu bao:

S liu thu bao c chia thnh hai loi.

- S liu m t cc c tnh ca ng thu bao.

- S liu m t cc nghip v cung cp thu bao.

3.3.2. Cc s liu thu bao:

Cc s liu ny lin quan ti cc c tnh ca ng dy thu bao, bao gm:



35/87


- S liu tng ng gia a ch thit b ng dy thu bao (LEN: Line

equiment number) v a ch danh b ca n DN (directory number).

- S liu xc nh cc c tnh ca mi thu bao nh ng dy ang c php

khai thc hoc quay s hay n phm ...

- S liu lin quan ti loi ng dy v phng din tnh cc nh:

+ ng dy min cc hay tnh cc.

+ ng dy c truyn dn xung cc hay khng.

+ ng dy c tnh cc cho cc cuc gi vo hay khng ...

3.3.3. S liu nghip v:

- S liu ny lin quan ti cng vic cung cp cc nghip v nng cao cho thu

bao ngoi nghip v thng thng chng bao gm:

- S liu bn c nh dng xc nh cc nghip v m tng i cung cp chothu bao chng han nh gi a ch ngn nghip v ng dy nng, gi ch ...

- S liu m thu bao c th thay i c bng thao tc my in thoi ca

mnh nh bng m thu bao gi a ch ngn v a ch y tng ng, a

ch gi chuyn, gi cnh bo ...

- S liu xc nh nhm ng dy PABX, tc l nhm cc ng dy c th

gi n bng mt a ch. N cho php to lp nhm t bt k ng dy no

ca tng i m khng cn ti a ch thit b LEN ca chng.

3.3.4. H s thu bao:S liu thu bao c lu trong cc h s thu bao. Cc vng nh ny

c phn pht c nh cho cc thu bao. Cc h s ny c th c sp xp

b nh chnh hay b nh ngoi tu thuc vo tng h thng. Chng c th c

nh a ch theo a ch danh b DN hoc a ch my LEN ca thu bao. cc

h s thu bao c hai loi thng tin chnh:

- Thng tin nh gc cuc gi.

- Thng tin nh ch cuc gi.3.4. Phn tch phin dch v to tuyn.3.4.1. Phin dch:

- Mc ch ca cng vic phin dch l cung cp thng tin phc v u ni v

tnh cc cho cc cuc gi. Phin dch mt tng i in t c thc hin

nh cc chng trnh phn tch tin nh v cc bng phin dch. Trong c

bn cn c hai loi s liu tin hnh cng vic phin dch.

- S liu nh gc cuc gi.

- S liu chn s.3.4.2. Phn tch to tuyn.



36/87


37/87


- Tnh cc da vo thng tin cc t tng i khc a ti. Thng tin ny c

th dng thng bo v tc xung hoc dy xung cc truyn dn v trc tip.

Tng i ni ht cng c th cung cp cc dch v lin quan ti qu trnh tnh

cc cho mt s thu bao. iu ny lin quan ti thng tin v cc dch v ca

thu bao lu cc h s thu bao.

3.6.1.Tnh cc ti nh:

cc tng i in t SPC thu bao c th c cung cp dch v tnh cc

ti nh. c c dch v ny, my thu bao c trang b thm mt b tnh

cc kiu hin th. Cc xung cc c th c pht i t tng i qua ng

dy thu bao tc ng ti b tnh cc t ti nh thu bao. Cc xung ny cn

phi pht i theo phng thc thi gian thc, trong lc thu bao ang m thoi

nh mt thit b pht xung cc t cc b trung k ni b, trung k ra hoctrang b chung cho cho tt c cc loi cuc gi. Cng vic truyn dn cc xung

cc ny c iu khin bi trang thit b ngoi vi c lp hoc b iu khin

trung tm thng qua chng trnh ghi sn.

3.6.2. Tnh cc cho thu bao b gi.

Nh dch v ny cc cho cc cuc gi c tnh cho thu bao b gi m

khng tnh cho thu bao ch gi nh thng l. Sau khi phn tch loi dch v

ca thu bao b gi tng i u cui khi xng mt quy trnh nhn dng

thu bao ch gi, h thng xc nh gi cc cho cuc gi da vo bng phindch ca n. Cui cng n a ra gi cc thch hp tnh cho thu bao b gi.

3.6.3.Lp ho n tnh cc.

Cng vic ny cung cp cho thu bao thng tin v cc mt cch chi tit

dng ho n cho tt c hoc mt s cuc gi. C th c mt vi kiu lp ho

n, chng hn nh ch lp ho n cho cc cuc gi i quc t, lp ho n cho

c cuc gi ni ht v ng di trong nc hoc lp ho n cho tt c cc

cuc gi khng phi ni ht ...Nh dch v ny m mi cuc gi cn c son tho v a ra mt bn tin.

Mt bn tin cn son tho phi c quyt nh sau khi thc hin cng vic

phin dch v n ph thuc vo ch cuc gi dch v ca thu bao ch gi. Ni

dung ca mt bn tin dng ho n chi tit bao gm:

- c im thu bao ch gi.

- a ch thu bao b gi.

- Thi gian bt u tnh cc.

- Khong thi gian tnh cc cho cuc gi v cc n v cc.



38/87


39/87


40/87


41/87


thng tin (ting ni hoc bo hiu) v cc knh ny c tch ra theo nguyn l

phn knh theo thi gian. Qu trnh ghp v tch knh PCM c thc hin bi

cc thit b ghp v tch knh trc v sau thit b chuyn mch.

thc hin chuyn mch cho cc cuc gi i hi phi sp xp cc tn

hiu s (cc t hp m) t mt khe thi gian mt b ghp (hoc mt tuyn

truyn dn PCM) sang cng mt khe thi gian hoc sang mt khe thi gian khc

ca mt b ghp knh hay tuyn PCM khc.

Vic trao i cc khe thi gian, tc l chuyn mch tn hiu s c thc

hin theo 2 phng php phi hp vi nhau hoc tch bit:

- Chuyn mch khng gian.

- Chuyn mch thi gian.

2.1. Chuyn mch khng gian.S nguyn l.

phng php chuyn mch khng gian, khe thi gian tng ng ca cc

tuyn PCM vo ra khc nhau c trao i cho nhau. Mt mu tn hiu PCM

khe thi gian nh trc ca tuyn PCM vo, chng hn tuyn PCM vo s 0,

c chuyn ti khe thi gian cng th t (cng tn) ca mt tuyn PCM khc,

chng hn tuyn PCM ra s 1. Nh vy khng c s chm tr truyn dn chomu tn hiu khi chuyn mch t mt tuyn PCM vo ny ti mt tuyn PCM ra



42/87


43/87


44/87


45/87


46/87


b.Nguyn l lm vic:

phng thc chuyn mch thi gian iu khin u ra th mu tn hiu

PCM tuyn dn PCM vo cn c ghi vo cc nh ca b nh ting ni

theo trnh t t nhin. Tc l mu khe thi gian TS0 ghi vo nh 00; mu

khe thi gian TS1 ghi vo nh 01 v.v v mu tn hiu khe thi gian TS31

ghi vo nh 31 ca b nh ting ni.

Khi c cc ni dung cc nh ny vo cc khe thi gian ca tuyn ghp

PCM ra th phi thc hin c iu khin mu tn hiu PCM mt khe thi



47/87


48/87


49/87


50/87


51/87


52/87


- Chuyn mch nhm c pht trin di dng nn tng chuyn mch

gm nhiu ma trn kt ni vi nhau, cho php x l cc kiu lu lng t bng

rng cho n bng hp. Dung lng ca chuyn mch nhm cng tng ln.

1.2. c im ca h thng AXE.AXE l kin trc cho php hi t cc dch v vin thng, cng ngh thngtin (truyn d liu v internet) v gii tr (truyn hnh cp). AXE c kin trc m,

c kh nng h tr tt c cc loi dch v cho c cc mng ln v nh, mng di

ng v c nh.

AXE l gii php cho tng lai, trn c s ca qu trnh lin tc nghin cu

v pht trin trong lnh vc truyn thng v p ng c cc yu cu trong

tng lai nh kt hp cc cng ngh tin tin nh tng cng nng lc cc b x

l, tng dung lng lu tr, tng tc chuyn mch v ci thin hiu sut phcv. AXE c kh nng m rng v c th iu chnh h tr cc ng dng khc

nhau mt cch hiu qu nht.

H thng AXE 810 chng minh vai tr ca cc h thng AXE l h thng

chuyn mch hng u, cho php chuyn sang mng 3G v a dch v.

AXE c thit k p ng cc tiu chun v chuyn mch v bo hiu

theo khuyn ngh ca ITUT, ETSI v ANSI (vin tiu chun quc gia M) cng

nh cc tiu chun quc gia ca Trung Quc v Nht Bn.

Cc tnh nng chnh ca AXE l:- Tnh Modul.

- p ng cc yu cu ca cc nh iu hnh mng.

- L mt node vin thng.

KIN TRC H THNG:

- Kin trc modul m:

H thng AXE c thit k s dng cng ngh tin tin nht v kt hp

vi rt nhiu cc k thut chuyn v vin thng duy nht ca ERICSSON p

ng cc yu cu pht trin rt nhanh ca khch hng trn th gii. Cc pht trin

gn y em li kin trc h thng vi tnh nng m ngy cng cao.

Vi tnh nng m ca AXE, cho php d dng hn trong x l, gim gi

thnh vn hnh v linh hot tng thch vi s thay i ca truyn thng a

phng tin, Internet, Video, thoi...

Tnh modul c th c biu din di cc mt sau:

Tnh a chc nng:

a chc nng y c ngha l cng 1 h thng AXE c th s dngc trong tt c cc ng dng, t node chuyn mch ni ht loi nh cho n



53/87


cc trung tm chuyn mch quc t. PSTN, ISDN, cc thu bao di ng v mng

thng minh (IN) u c h tr trong cc khu vc nng thn, th v ngoi .

Tnh modul v ng dng:

Cho php kt hp d dng vi cc ng dng mng khc nhau trn cng mtnode mng. AXE da trn khi nim modul ha ng dng ca Ericsson (AM).

Modul v chc nng:

Cc phn khc nhau ca AXE c xc nh theo cc chc nng m chng

thc hin. Ngha l cc chc nng c th c thm vo, xa i, thay i m

khng nh hng n cc phn khc ca h thng.

Tnh modul ca phn mm:

Cc modul ca phn mm c lp trnh c lp vi nhau, tng tc vi

nhau qua cc giao din chun. Cc li c c lp trong mi modul, khng nhhng n cc d liu thuc v modul khc, m bo mc an ninh mc

cao.

Modul trong cng ngh:

AXE l h thng m, cho php cc cng ngh v chc nng mi c th

c thm vo, ci tin mt phn m khng nh hng n cc phn khc ca

h thng.

Modul ca phn cng:Phn cng c ng gi thnh cc n v modul (cc bo mch, card), cho

php linh hot trong vic lp t v m rng.

1.3. ng dng ca tng i AXE. Tng i ni ht:

Kin trc h thng AXE cho php c th trin khai c cc khu vc th

c mt dn c ng c cho n khu vc nng thn dn c tha tht. H

thng c th h tr:

- Cc ng dng truyn thng, PSTN, ISDN cng nh Internet, mngthng minh (IN).

- Truy nhp cp ng, cp quang, v tuyn.

- Cc giao thc, giao din tiu chun nh: V5.1, V5.2, QSIC, CCS7

Tng i qu giang:

Tng i AXE cng c th c s dng lm tng i qu giang quc gia

v quc t, h tr PSTN, ISDN, mng thng minh cng nh cc truyn thng

thng mi khc. AXE c th c s dng lm:



54/87


- Gateway quc t.

- Transit quc gia.

- im iu khin dch v SCP.

- im chuyn mch dch v SSP.

- im chuyn tip bo hiu STP.

Cc c im hp dn ca h thng AXE qu giang i vi ngi vn

hnh mng.

- Truy nhp ISDN tc s cp.

- H tr h thng bo hiu s 7.

- Tnh cc.

- nh tuyn ng.

- Mng ring o quc t.- Thit b nhn knh s.

- B trit ting vng.

Ngoi ra, AXE cng c th lm tng i qu giang cho mng di ng. i

vi cc khch hng khng mun s dng 2 loi tng i ni ht v qu giang

ring bit, AXE cung cp loi tng i kt hp tnh nng ca c 2 loi trn, gi

l AXE Translocal.

II. CU TRC CA H THNG AXECu trc ca h thng AXE bao gm cc mc khc nhau:Mc h thng 1: L mc h thng cao nht ti cc node v cu hnh

mng c nh ngha.

Mc h thng 2: Ty vo cu trc h thng no c s dng m cc

phn h c s kt hp thnh APT v APZ trong cc h thng khng pht trin

trn AM, v cc modul ng dng, nn tng modul ti nguyn (RMP). H thng

trn dng trong cc h thng da trn AM.

H thng AXE c cu trc phn cp thnh cc mc chc nng nh (hnh

2.1) sau:

Ti mc h thng 2, h thng AXE c chia thnh 2 phn:

APT: l phn chuyn mch.

V d: APT cung cp chc nng chuyn mch trong tng i ni ht.

APZ: l phn iu khin.

V d: phn h chuyn mch nhm l phn chuyn mch trung tm ca h

thng AXE.



55/87


Hnh 2.1: Cu trc phn cp ca h thng AXE.- APZ l h thng my tnh, chy cc chng trnh phn mm iu khin

hot ng ca phn chuyn mch.

- APT v APZ li tip tc c chia thnh cc phn h, mi phn h c

mt chc nng xc nh. Tn ca mi phn h phn nh chc nng ca n.

III. KIN TRC PHN CNG.H thng gm hai phn mc:

* H thng ng dng APT.

* H thng iu khin APZ.Ngoi ra chng ta cn lu ti:

* H thng khai thc v bo dng IOG.

c thit k vi cu trc m, n gm 3 phn h chc nng c lp (c

lin kt vi nhau bi cc giao tip chun)

Kt ni gia cc h thng l cc giao din chun tc cao (digital link)

nh giao din cc DL2, DL3 hoc cc BUS iu khin c dng truyn nhn

tn hiu thoi v tn hiu iu khin gia h thng ng dng v h thng iu

khin.



56/87


57/87


58/87



SkhichungcatngiAXE81

0


59/87


3.1. H thng ng dng APT.

APT h thng ng dng bao gm group switch v cc thit b kt ni vo

n. Trong phn ny em ch trnh by cu trc h thng chuyn mch GSS.:

GSS kt ni cc knh vo ra theo cu trc c bn T-S-T ca hng Ericsson,C rt nhiu dng kt ni vo GS thng qua mt giao din chun c gi l

SNT. Cc thit b c kt ni thng qua giao din DL2 nm backboard

ca subrack GDM bao gm cc digital link multiplexers (DLMUX) c gi l

digital link multiplexer half-height board (DLHB). Cn cc DLHB kt ni vo

chuyn mch thi gian bng giao din mi l DL3 (digital link interface 3rd

generation). Trong mi SNT tng ng vi mt PCM v chng kt ni vo

trng chuyn mch thng qua mt im c gi l SNTP.

GSS cung cp rt nhiu chc nng trong h thng AXE 810 nh chc nngkt ni v gii phng cuc gi, qun l qu trnh ng b, qun l cc PCM

Chc nng cc khi trong s khi trn nh sau:

- GS: cc phn mm trung tm v cc tn hiu iu khin cng nh vn

hnh qu trnh kt ni/gii phng ca tuyn thoi. Ngoi ra n cn cung cp

gim st v bt gi cuc gi.

- GSM1/GSM2 (group switch maintenance blocks) phn mm trung tm,

dng cho chc nng bo dng cho cc TSM v SPM. Khi ny cn qun l cc

(SNT) kt ni vo Group Switch.


Hnh 3.2: Chc nng cc khi trong GSS


60/87


61/87


gian, c th kt ni qua giao din DL34. Cc thit b vi tc chm hn cng

c th gii quyt kt ni ging cc knh mm do.

Device

Group

Switch

16k

A

B

Device

SCB-RPA

SCB-RP

B 11 22

Device

Group

Switch

16k

A

B

Device

SCB-RPA

SCB-RP

B 1111 2222

Hnh 3.4: Cu trc iu khin trong GEM.

Nh ta thy trong hnh v trn Bus s 1 l bus iu khin vng (RP)

trong GEM, dng giao tip vi trung tm iu khin (CP). Bus s 2 l hnh

dng tng trng cho bus Ethernet 100 Mbit/s, s c s dng cho cc ng

dng sau ny.

Khi SCB-RP c chc nng chuyn mch Ethernet dung lng 1Gbit/s vi

mt giao din 100 Mbit/s Ethernet pha trc card s s dng cho cc chc nngtng lai AXE.

Mi GEM c mt chuyn mch 16 K vi cu trc Time-Space (TS) vi

dung lng ti a l 512 K tc l c th iu khin 260.000 line cng lc (theo

l thuyt).

Mch SCB-RP, nhn pha trc.( Hnh 3.5)

SCB-RP distributes the Serial Regional Processor Bus (RPS-B). Tp trung

cc bus x l vng ni tip cung cp ngun -48V cho tt c cc PIUs trong

GEM. N c chc nng nh mt chuyn mch Ethernet iu khin thng tin vicc PIUs trong GEM nh l APZ v APG. N cn l b x l vng Regional

Processor, chc nng bo dng bus v qut gi (Fan) cng c iu khin

bng SCB-RP.

C hai card chuyn mch (XDB), nm khe 1 v khe 24. Cc thit b cn li

c kt ni vi hai khe trn.



62/87


Hnh 3.5

Chuyn mch XDB (X l chuyn mch v DB l c phn b theo

card). Cc card XDB c mt chuyn mch cha ng 16K v c phn trong

GEM, cu trc ca n gm hai plane A v plane B.(hnh 3.6)

MaintenanceProcesso

r

16K B -plane16K A -plane

XDB

MaintenanceProcesso

r

22 device slots

XDB

MaintenanceProcesso

r

16K B -plane16K A -plane

XDB

MaintenanceProcesso

r

22 device slots

XDB

Hnh 3.6: Card chuyn mch XDB trong GEM.

Trn card XDB, c 3 ASICs (application specific integrated circuit) vi

mch ring cho ng dng, l cng c chuyn mch 16 K. Mt ASIC l s ghp

knh v lu gi thoi (ca 2 thu bao) v lu tr s kim sot mt b x l vng

(RPI) cng trn mt card XDB. Cc card XDB c kt ni vi thit b bng

khe rnh ca khung t v c kt ni vi cc card XDB khc bng cc si cp

ni chuyn dng (gic cm) pha trc card. M t (hnh 3.7) sau:



63/87


64/87


65/87


Connectors fro four DL3 cables from

GDM magazine

Connector for the 5: th DL3 cable from

ET155 -7 (used for LOT protection)

Connectors fro four DL3 cables from

GDM magazine

Connector for the 5: th DL3 cable from

ET155 -7 (used for LOT protection)

Hnh 3.12: Card DLEB.

* Cc thit b kt ni vo trng chuyn mch:

- Generic device magazine (GDM)

- Generic Device Magazine (GDM) l ni tp trung cc thit b (c th l

card lung E1, card thu bao...) bao gm RP, DLHB v 16 khe cho cc thit b.

- V tr 2 v 80 dng cho RP4 cn 8 v 76 cho DLHB.

- V tr 12 n 72 dng cho cc ng dng khc ETC5, PDSPL2,

RPG2/RPG3 etc.


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11121314 15 1617 18 19Board address,

M B address

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11121314 15 1617 18 19Board address,

M B address


66/87


Hnh 3.13:Modul b tr cc card.

Hnh 3.14: Cu trc giao din GDM-H .

Hai RP4-H trong GDM-H kt ni ti CP bng bus ni tip RPB (RPB-S).

Ngun (-48 V) cp cho ton khi bng backplane v cc EM-bus, RP-bus cng

tp trung ti y.

Mch DLHB dng kt ni vi chuyn mch bng DL3-link. Cn DL3-link nhn c th tch thnh 16 DL2-links v tp trung sau backplane.



67/87


68/87


- L h thng a ng dng.

- Nn tng phn cng h tr nhiu loi cu hnh khc nhau.

- Phn cng c tin cy cao.

- Cc khi quan trng u c d phng.

- Kh nng phc hi rt tt khi c li phn cng v phn mm xy ra.

- H tr kh nng nng cp phn mm t xa, qua mng.

Cc c im chnh v kin trc ca h thng b x l ca APZ l:

- Cu trc b x l phn cp. Cc b x l vng c kt ni vi b x l

trung tm rt mnh. X l cc cuc gi, phn tch s, iu khin chuyn mch,

qun l v bo dng...



69/87




70/87


71/87




72/87


- Cc b x l ph b sung, c s dng cho cc cng vic x l gn vi

thi gian thc nh: x l tnh cc, x l bo hiu.

Chc nng ca cc khi:

B x l trung tm CP: c d phng kp, khi mt mt c li s chuyn

sang hot ng mt kia m khng nh hng n lu lng. B x l CP baogm 3 phn sau:

- Lu tr chng trnh: l phn cc chng trnh ca cc khi chc nng.

- Lu tr d liu: lu tr d liu ca cc khi chc nng.

- Lu tr tham chiu: lu tr thng tin a ch chng trnh v d liu ca

mi khi chc nng. H iu hnh s s dng 2 bng ch n a ch tuyt i

ca khu vc d liu v chng trnh. Cu trc gm 3 ni lu tr logic v c ch

nh a ch c bit em li cho h thng AXE c cc phn mm c modul

ha.

Cc b x l vng RPs: c s dng cho cc cng vic x l lp li v

cng vic x l mnh m kt cui giao thc lp thp.


Hnh 3.16: H thng iu khin APZ


73/87


Hnh 3.17 : Giao tip gia CP v cc RP.

Cc b x l ph AP: gip b x l trung tm x l cc cng vic lin

quan nhiu n d liu, cc b x l ph cho php.

- Tng hiu qu mng: nh s dng cc giao thc giao din m v mt

tuyn truyn dn Ethernet cho php truyn dn cc d liu cc n trung tm

tnh cc mt cch tin cy vi tc cao.

- Gim ti cho b x l chnh: x l d liu cc trc khi a vo b xl trung tm. Do cho php tng cng nng lc x l gi ca b x l chnh

v dn n c th phc v cho nhiu thu bao hn.

- Tng cng cc chc nng vo/ra : tng tc truyn thng vi cc u

cui, tng cng kh nng x l cnh bo v sao lu cc file, dn n gim gi

thnh cng vic vn hnh v bo dng.

- H thng m: cho php thm vo cc tnh nng vn hnh, bo dng

cng nh cc dch v mi.

- Kin trc chng li: kh nng chuyn mt hot ng ngay lp tc cng

nh phn cng c d phng v kh nng m rng cho php h thng hot ng

vi chi ph hiu qu nht v tin cy nht.

AGP bao gm 2 phn h sau:

- Phn h nh dng v u ra (FOS): b x l trung tm thu thp d liu

cc v gi ti AGP, ti d liu c lu tr ti mt khu vc an ton, sau

c x l, bin i sang khun dng u ra ph hp gi n trung tm tnh

cc.- Phn h o lu lng v thng k (STS): thu thp, lu tr, biu din cc

d liu thng k.

S khi cu trc ca APZ (Hnh 3.18), trong :

+ SPU (Signal Processor Unit) - Khi x l tn hiu, thc hin cc cng

vic c nh k cng nh u tin thng qua s nh thi v iu khin ca RPH.

+ IPU (Instruction Processor Unit) - Khi x l theo cu trc, thc hin m

chng trnh.



74/87


+ RPH (Regional Processor Handler) - iu khin cc RP - l giao din

gia RP buses v CP. The RPH c t thnh magazine ring. RPH magazine

c th c cu trc bng c RP bus ni tip v song song. Ngoi ra cn c th kt

ni ti CP bng c hai phng thc cng mt lc. C th c 1024 RP c kt

ni ti CP.

+ MAU (Maintenance Unit) - Khi bo dng, mc ch chnh l gim st

cc mt CP v l giao din ti h thng CPT (Central Processor Test).

AP Adjunc t P ro cessor

C P-A , B C entra l P roc essor A, BDSU Data Store Unit

ETC Exchang e Termina l C irc uit

GS Group S witc h

IPN Inter Network Pla tform

IPU Instruc tion Proc essing Unit

MA U Main tenanc e Unit

RP Regio nal Processor

RPB Regio nal Processor Bus

RP G RP GS-connec ted

RP H RP Hand ler

RPV RP Bus Adap ter, VME

SP Support Proc essor

SPU Signal Processor Uni t

* AUS, #7, TRH e tc .

Hnh 3.18: Cu trc phn cng ca APZ 212 33.

MAU ng thi qun l cc qut gi, l h thng lm mt cho phn cng CP.



75/87


C P U M-A

C P U M-B

R P H M-A

f a n f a n f a n

f a n f a n f a n

f a n f a n f a n

C D U-A

C D U-B

C P U-A

C P U-B

R P H M-A R P H M-B

C C U

C C U

f a n f a n

f a n f a n

f a n f a n

6 0 0 8 0 0

1 8 0 0

F r o n t v i e w S id e v ie w

UMB

C P U M-A

C P U M-B

R P H M-A

f a n f a n f a n

f a n f a n f a n

f a n f a n f a n

C D U-A

C D U-B

C P U-A

C P U-B

R P H M-A R P H M-B

C C U

C C U

f a n f a n

f a n f a n

f a n f a n

6 0 0 8 0 0

1 8 0 0

F r o n t v i e w S id e v ie w

UMB

C P U MA

C P U MA

C P U M

B

C P U M

B

R P H M

A

R P H M

A

C P U MA

C P U MA

C P U M

B

C P U M

B

R P H M

A

R P H M

A

+ DSU (Data Store Unit) - Khi lu tr s liu, gm c Data Store (DS).

Trong mt khung vi kch thc 600x800 mm x1800 mm gm c CPU

magazines v RPH magazines.

Khi IPU:

IPU nhn c mt vic mi t SPU. N c bt u bng mt micro-

program trong IPU. Cc tn hiu iu khin cung cp bng cc phn cng mtcch t ng tm kim s liu, cc tham chiu v a ch s liu c s.

IPU gm cc khi chc nng sau:

- Instruction Processor Circuit (IPC) - Mch x l cu trc.

- Update and Match Circuit (UBC) - Mch ton t v cp nht.

- Program and Reference Store (PRS) - B nh tham chiu v chng

trnh.

- Data store (DS) - B nh s liu.

- Program and Reference Store (PRS).


Hnh 3.19: T APZ 212 33.


76/87


77/87


78/87


4.1 Gii thiu v khi thu bao RLU ca AXE 810Khi nim RLU l im kt ni cc thu bao xa HOST vi cc l do sau:

- Dng thay th cc tng i c lp vi dung lng vi nghn thu bao.

- Lm gim khong cch ng cp t tng i ti thu bao, lm gim gi

thnh bo dng, nng cao cht lng, m bo k thut cung cp dch v thu

bao.

- V c bn phn h v tinh SSS hot ng ging nh mt phn h thu

bao ti tng i HOST. N c th cung cp nhiu dch v nh thu bao nh

Host.

Access Node l tn ca mt h thng truy nhp mi ca Ericsson y ta

gi l RLU (M t r hnh: 3.1). Access Node c th kt ni vo bt k HOST

no c giao din V5.2.

Trong tng i Ericsson th khi nim node truy nhp (Access Node) c

chc nng tp hp cc thu bao c nh v c chia thnh hai h thng nh l

phn h chuyn mch thu bao SSS v phn h iu khin thu bao SCS. Trong

SSS cung cp cc chc nng giao tip vi thu bao nh:

- Kt ni 2 dy vi thu bao

- Chuyn i AD/DA

- Chuyn mch kt ni giao thng thu bao

- Bo hiu vi thu bao: nh tone v nhn s

- Cung cp ngun cho thu bao

- Tp trung lu lng- Bo dng thit b cng nh thu bao.



79/87


- B tp trung thu bao SSS hay cn gi l phn h v tinh RLU l ni tp

trung u ni cc ng dy thu bao, cng l ni kt ni giao thng tn hiu

thu bao.

Hnh: 4.1 trn cho thy mt trm v tinh RLU c kt ni vi b chuyn

mch nhm GSS tng i khu vc (Host) vi trung k s t 2 lung E1 n ti

a 36 lung E1. Mi phn h v tinh RLU- AXE 810 c dung lng ti a l

3.000 thu bao PSTN.

4.2 Chuyn mch trong SSS

Trong s trn thu bao c th kt ni ni b trong khi SSS hoc voGSS cu HOST vi s lng nhiu hn s knh kt ni vo GSS bng ng E1

vi t s ph thuc vo lu lng thu bao vng .

Tn hiu thoi hoc d liu c th c chuyn mch trong chnh chuyn

mch thu bao hoc theo hng chuyn mch nhm. Cc chc nng chuyn

mch trong SSS c iu khin vi b chuyn mch thi gian.

Hiu qu ca chc nng chuyn mch l s ng dy thu bao c th

ln hn s ca s kt ni thoi ca nhm chuyn mch. iu ny l bnh thngtrong hot ng ca tng i, bi v tt c cc thu bao ni ti SSS khng giao

thng cng 1 thi gian, n khng cn lu li nhiu thit b ci t v cc knh

trong GSS.

Lung E1 gia chuyn mch thu bao v chuyn mch nhm tc l

2048 Kbit/s, c xy dng bng mt khung 32 khe thi gian (ca Chu u);

cn lung T1 tc 1554 Kbt/s xy dng mt khung 24 khe thi gian (ca M

v Nht). Lung E1 cn c gi l h thng ng dy PCM.



80/87


Cung cp nhiu dch v thu bao nh Host. Trong h thng Host phn

ln thu bao nm v tinh RLU nh hnh sau:

C rt nhiu dng thu bao hin i c th kt ni vo RLU nh cc thu baotruyn thng (PSTN), hoc l cc thu bao ISDN-BA, ISDN-PRA, HDSL,SHDSL, ADSL, ETSI V5.1, ETSI V5.2.



81/87


82/87


S dng b x l Motorola 68360.

RPV2 c dng cho giao din gia SP v CP thng qua h thng RP-bus

song song.

Mt card dng cho RPB-S v kt ni vi cc node khc.

S dng b x l Motorola 68360 v iu khin VME chun.

5.2. Khi module ng dy LUM.Line Unit Module (LUM) gm 1 card x l v 4 card con cho cc giao din

khc nhau.

Giao din cho cc knh s liu, thit b v cnh bo (ALI)

Cc giao din ny l:

+ G.703 (E0,E1) 64Kbit and 2Mbit

+ V.35/V.36/X.21 0 - 2Mbit+ V.24/V.28 0 - 2Mbit

Ethernet 10BaseT (supports TCP/IP)

- S dng b x l Motorola 68360 v 68060.

- Main board 2/ROJ 207 012

- Board cons:

+ V.24/V.35/V.36/X.21 ROF 197 4209/1

+ G.703 (E0) 64kbit/s ROF 197 4210/1

+ G.703 (E1) 2Mbit/s ROF 197 4211/1Ethernet 10 Mbit/s ROF 197 4208/1

5.3. B chuyn i VSA.4VME to SCSI Adapter: l b chuyn i t VME sang SCSI s dng cho

vic back up s liu vo quang (OD) v cc ng dng SCSI khc nh RMS.

VSA gm c:

+ Giao din SCSI-2

+ B x l SYM53C720 SCSI (NCR)

+ B x l MC68360+ ROJ 207 011/1

5.4. Giao din cnh bo ALI.Alarm Interface: giao din cnh bo gm 2 boards chuyn i s dng cho

giao tip cnh bo t CP, SP ti ngun cnh bo ngoi, kt ni ny c to

thng qua cng V.24 trong LUM ti ngun cnh bo ngoi.

ALI gm c:

+ Kt ni ti alarm panels (ALEXT)

+ B x l MC68302



83/87


+ ALCPU (ROJ 207 013/1) V.24 kt ni inputs v outputs.

+ ALEXP (ROJ 207 014/1) iu khin kt ni ngun n -48V trn bng

alarm panels.

5.5. Thit b lu tr.C ba b lu tr, cc b ny nm trong 1 board v c che chn bo v.+ 3.5" 18 Gbyte SCSI-2 cho php 18 Gbyte hoc t hn.

+ 3.5" PC/AT vi giao din (KDR 352 02/1) IOG20B v IOG20B-P.

+ 3.5" 1,3 Gbyte quang vi giao din SCSI-2.

5.6. Mng kt ni (inter platform network-IPN).L mng Ethernet, tc 100Mb/giy hoc 1Gbit/giy, IPN a ra mt tiu

chun cng nghip, giao din nng sut cao trong AXE.(Hnh 4.1) m t vn

ny.

IPN c ng dng nh sau:

- Kt ni CP vi AP: nh tc cao ca cc kt ni nn thi gian sao lu

d liu v khi ng li h thng s nhanh hn.

- Truyn thng kt ni gia CP ca AXE vi cc nn h thng khc (v d

nh AXD 301).- Kt ni gia cc CP trong trng hp dng a b x l.


Hnh 5.1: Mng kt ni


84/87


VI. CC U IM V NG DNG CA H THNG AXE 810 Dung lng tng ln:

Cho php lp t cc node chuyn mch c ln. Dung lng x l tt c

cc mc cng tng ln.

Tng tin cy:

Thi gian bo dng cc phn mm nhanh hn, mang n cho khch hng

mt mng c tin cy cao hn, c ngha l doanh thu t c s cao hn.

Gim gi thnh:

V phn cng c thit k nh gn hn dn n cng sut tiu th nh

hn, yu cu v lm mt cng gim xung. Ngoi ra cc tnh nng nh kh nng

qun l t xa, phn cng h tr vn hnh v bo dng d dng, cho php cccng vic vn hnh v bo dng c th c thc hin bi cc nhn vin c

yu cu v trnh bnh thng cc khu vc xa.

Chuyn sang cng ngh 3G:

H thng cng c kh nng cung cp cc chc nng c th hot ng

trong mng di ng 3G, mng a dch v...

- Kh nng m rng:

- AXE 810 c th m rng t cc h thng dung lng nh cho n cc

h thng c dung lng rt ln.

- Nh c kch thc nh hn v s chun ha cc bo mch, gic cm, cc

khi modul nn vic lp t d dng hn.

- Nn tng a dch v:



85/87


AXE 810 c rt nhiu cc ng dng cho mng di ng v mng c nh.

- Tng i ni ht

- Tng i transit

- Server in thoi

- Trung tm chuyn mch di ng GSM, CDMA

- B iu khin trm gc BSC

- Kin trc m:

- Cc ng dng modul ha.

- C cc giao thc truyn thng tiu chun.

- Lp t n gin, nhanh chng:

- H tr "Plug and Play".

- Phn cng c i cp v kim tra nh my trc khi em i lp t,do gim thi gian chi ph lp t.

- S loi bo mch t hn.



86/87


TI LIU THAM KHO

- Tng i in t ca Nguyn Duy Nht Vin

- C s k thut chuyn mch Dng Vn Thnh ( Hc vin bu chnh vin

thng)

- in thoi k thut nh xut bn bu in.

- AXE 810 System Testing

- Digital Telephon Exchange India 1989

-Local telecommunication into the Digital Edited byJM.Griffths- Gio trnh k thut chuyn mch s Nguyn Vn im- NXB H Ni



87/87


KT LUN

Sau mt thi gian tm hiu nghin cu cng s ch bo, hng dn tn

tnh ca thy gio Ngyn Quc Trung- Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni,

cng cc thy, cc c trong khoa Cng Ngh- Trng i Hc Vinh em hon

thnh c bn n tt nghip ny.

Qua y em nhn thy c nhng li ch to ln ca tng i SPC,c

th l tng i RLU-AXE 810 ca Hng ERICSSON ang c s dng v pht

trin ti Vit Nam hin nay. Em cng thy c tm quan trng v li ch ca

h thng chuyn mch s v c bit l cc h thng thng tin s trong i sng

x hi hin ti v trong tng lai.

Bn n hon thnh nhng do thi gian c hn nn em chc hn skhng trnh khi s thiu st nht nh. Em xin chn thnh knh mong c s

gip ch bo ca cc thy, cc c v cc bn c th phn no bi lp c

nhng thiu st.

Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn tn tnh, chu o

ca thy gio Nguyn Quc Trung, cc thy c trong khoa Cng Ngh-Trng

i Hc Vinh gip em hon thnh bn n ny.

Em xin chn thnh cm n !

Sinh vin

Nguyn ng Hi

Documents

Tong Dai Axe