Tổng Quan Về ádsNước Sạch

7/25/2019 Tng Quan V dsNc Sch

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th trnh kh~i\ mong`! th=y c thng cCm B~ `!:? }m rYt mong nh4n 'Rc nh{ng l6i g>p `! B! te

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NH`N +T C-* GI:b VIN H>NG cdN

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SVTH: Nguyn Anh VGVHD: Th.S Nguyn Ngc Trinh 4


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NH`N +T C-* THgY C PH^N BI/N

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1.1 TNG QUAN V NC NGM.........................................................9

1.2 THNH PHN HO HC V TNH CHT VT L NC NGM..10

1.2.1 Thh !h" h#$ h%&.........................................................1'

1.2.2 T(h &h)* +,* -................................................................1'

1./ U V NH0C 3M 4H 56 78NG NC NGM......................11

1.3.1 u !i"#............................................................................................11

1.3.2 Nh$%c !i"#........................................................................11

1.9 CC PH:NG PHP ;6 L NC NGM....................................12

1.4.1 &h$'ng (h)( c' hc................................................................................12

1.4.2 &h$'ng (h)( h*) hc..............................................................................12

1.4.3 &h$'ng (h)( +, hc.................................................................................13

1.4.4 &h$'ng (h)( i inh................................................................................13

1.4.5 /h r*ng n$c ng#........................................................................14

CH_NG


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2.2.3 => chn ' !E cng ngh?.......................................................................32

CH_NG TNH Tb:N CNG TRNHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAt2.1 CNH LM THONG T@ NH?N GN MA....................../B

2./ TNH TON 3 LDNG ENG TFP ;C.........................................9/

2.9 TNH TON 3 LC NHANH......................................................9B

2.I TNH TON CC JNG KNG 4 THUT.....................................I9

2. TNH TON 3 CHEA NC 5CH..............................................II

2.B TNH TON CAO T=>NH.............................................................IICH_NG Q KT


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CH_NG I TNG U*N 3 GI>I THI/U

@A@ TNG U*N V N>C NGgMbi;t 1:m l `!8c gi: c> ng!n nc ng=m kh phong ph P tr{ lRng kh t8t

P chYt lRng? 1c ng=m tn t$i trong cc kh nt cD: 'Yt ' 'Rc t$o thnh tronggi:i 'o$n tr=m t 'iP! ki;n phong ho t8t\ c>nhiP! chYt B^n lRng m: ln th chYt lRng nc ng=m " B( nhim Bqi cc chYtkhong ho t:n\ cc chYt h{! cA\ mwn l#! ngy tho nc m: thYm o 'Yt?

1goi r:\ nc ng=m c|ng c> th B( nhim B^n "o tc 'ng cD: con ng6i? EcchYt thCi cD: con ng6i 'ng 4t\ cc chYt thCi .inh ho$t\ chYt thCi ho hc\ i;c. "ng ph#n B>n ho hcf tYt cC nh{ng lo$i chYt thCi '> tho th6i gi:n n> . ngYm

o ng!n nc\ t


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nc ng=m "o tc 'ng cD: con ng6i 's B( nhim Bqi cc hRp chYt h{! cA kh> ph#nh!\ cc i kh!^n g#y B;nh\ nhYt l cc ho chYt 'c h$i nh cc kim lo$i nng\ "lRng th!8c tre .#! khng lo$i tre cC cc chYt ph>ng x$?

@ATHNH PHgN Hb: HC V TNH CH?T V`T C NGgM

@AA@ Th!h 2hO! hoF h0

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)on El*th6ng nZm "i "$ng hRp chYt 1:El "o cc m!8i B( ho t:n h:y "o ncmn B( chn wi trong cc ' tr=n tth6ng c#n BZng i hm lRng E+HJ* E+Ht9 "o tho mt t l; l!n "(ch ch!yncho nh:! tho phAng trnh/

H,E+J* E+JH* ] E+H ] ,H+

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Ec ion kim lo$i kiPm thS rYt phS Bin trong nc "i 'Yt l E:H]\ 5gH]? 2hinc c> ' khong ho c:o th chD y! l 5gH]? 1g!n g8c cD: n> l "o .9 ho t:ncc ' gi! khong 4t c:nxit 'lmit?

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# &ro!" '&/ trong cD: nc ph th!c o lRng khong B( ho t:n\ cchRp chYt cA hc\ chYt h{! cA chYt ko t trong nc? 1c ng!y-n chYt th trong.!8t Kth6ng gi l khng m!N?

M'/ 5! cD: nc ph th!c o thnh ph=n ho hc t$p chYt c> trongnc? Lh=n ln nc khng m!? 1c cng c> m! x:nh nh$t\ nc ch: , H7c> m! lc nh$t nc ch: chYt h{! cA th6ng c> m! ng nh$t?

Mi/ 5wi cD: nc c> li-n `!:n 'n ho$t 'ng cD: i kh!^n trong cc chYt h{!cA c> trong nc? 1c th6ng khng c> mwi\ khi ch: ,H7 c> mwi Trng th8i?

V/ b( cD: nc "o cc lo$i m!8i\ cc chYt kh tng x$? T!y nhi-nmc ' ph>ng x$ cD: chng khc nh:!?

@A U V NHC IM KHI m; c8NG N>C NGgM

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1c ng=m l ti ng!y-n th6ng x!y-n\


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bi;c kh:i thc nc ng=m i `!y m ln . lm hm lRng m!8i tang l-n te'> "n 'n i;c tang chi ph< cho i;c x l nc trc khi ': o . "ng?

2h:i thc nc ng=m Be: Bsi . " "n ti tnh tr$ng nhim ng!n nc ng=m?

@AQ C:C PH_NG PH:P +; C NGgM

F?O?F LhAng php cA hc

wng cc cng trnh thit B( lm .$ch nc nh/ .ong chVn rc\ li chVn rVc\B lVng\ B lc? 1c te ng!n 'Rc BAm cYp F ph!n `!: gin m: thnh nh{ng ti:

nh~ ' oxy khng kh< tc "ng i

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thnh

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1c ch: th oxy ho H] BZng oxy khng kh< K lm thong gin m: N hoc"!ng chYt oxy ho ' x l?

1c ch: nhiP! i kh!^n th phCi kh trwng BZng cc hRp chYt ch: clo\ oon?

kiPm cD: nc nh~ lm cho `! trnh ko t kh> kh:n\ nc c> mwi ( th phCikiPm ho BZng :mmoni:c K 1,JN? 7:! khi c:cBon ho\ clo ho .A B ri 25n+O?

1c c> nhiP! oxy ho t:n th phCi x l BZng cch "!ng cc chYt kh ' li-n ktoxy? > l hy"r:in\ n:trithi.!n:t f

1hn ch!ng cc phAng php x l ho hc th6ng '$t nang .!Yt c> hi;! `!C c:o?

Hj!h Cn 0hX 10 hpa h0

F?O?J LhAng php l hc

* wng cc ti: 4t l ' kh trwng nh ti: t ngo$i\ .ong .i-! #m?

* i;n ph#n nc Bin ' kh m!8i

* 2h E+Hho t:n BZng phAng php lm thong?

F?O?O LhAng php i .inh

Tr-n th gii hi;n n:y phAng php x l nc BZng i .inh ':ng 'Rc nghi-nc! mt .8 nAi 's p "ng? Trong phAng php ny mt .8 chDng lo$i i .inh 'c

Bi;t 'Rc n!i cYy 'Rc ': o trong `! trnh x l nc i li;! lRng nh~nhng '$t hi;t `!C c:o? T!y nhi-n\ nhng kt `!C nghi-n c! cD: phAng php ny

ch: 'Rc cng B8 rng rsi?SVTH: Nguyn Anh VGVHD: Th.S Nguyn Ngc Trinh 13


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T! th!c o ng!n nc lm ng!y-n li;! cho cc lnh 9c khc nh:! mng6i t: . "ng c phAng php khc nh:! ' x l nc cYp cho lnh 9c '>? Thngth6ng ng6i t: kt hRp cC h:i phAng php cA hc ho hc ' x l nc?

F?O?% 2h .at trong nc ng=m

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WA CF0 2hn!" 2hF2 ]h s&

o LhAng php oxy .Vt1g!y-n l cD: phAng php ny l oxy ho K))N thnh .Vt K)))N tch chng r:

kh~i nc "i "$ng hy'roxyt .Vt K)))N? Trong nc ng=m\ .Vt K))N Bic:cBon:t l mtm!8i khng BPn\ n> " "ng th! ph#n thnh .Vt K))Nhy'roxyt tho phCn ng/

K,E+NJNH] H,H+ K+,NH] H,HE+J

1! trong nc c> oxy ho t:n\ .Vt K))N hy'roxyt . B( oxy ho thnh .Vt K)))Nhy'roxyt tho phCn ng/

OK+,NH] H,H+ ] +H OK+,NJ7Vt K)))N hy'roxyt trong nc kt tD: thnh Bng cn m! ng c> th tch r:

kh~i nc mt cch " "ng nh6 `! trnh lVng lc?

2t hRp cc phCn ng tr-n t: c> phCn ng ch!ng cD: `! trnh oxy ho .Vt nh.:!/

OH] ] ,E+J ] +H ] ,H+ OK+,NJ ] ,] ] ,E+J*

1c ng=m th6ng khng ch: xy ho t:n hoc c> hm lRng xy ho t:n rYt

thYp? tang nng ' xy ho t:n trong nc ng=m\ Bi;n php 'An giCn nhYt l lmthong? ,i;! `!C cD: Bc lm thong 'Rc xc '(nh tho nh! c=! xy cho `! trnhkh .Vt?



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o LhAng php kh .Vt BZng `! trnh oxy h>:0m thong/

Hj!h M#& q'F &rj!h 1$ &hoF!" ]h s&

o 2h .Vt BZng h>: chYt/

2hi trong nc ng!n c> hm lRng t$p chYt h{! cA c:o\ cc chYt h{! cA . t$or: "$ng ko BCo ; cc ion .Vt\ nh 4y m!8n kh .Vt phCi ph u 'Rc mng h{! cA

BCo ; BZng tc "ng cD: cc chYt xy ho m$nh? 8i i nc ng=m\ khi lm lRng.Vt `! c:o 'ng th6i tn t$i cC ,H7 th lRng xy th! 'Rc nh6 lm thong khng 'D



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' xy ho ht ,H7 .Vt\ trong tr6ng hRp ny c=n phCi "wng 'n ho chYt ' kh.Vt?

o i;n php kh .Vt BZng i?

LhAng php kh .Vt BZng i th6ng khng 'ng 'c l4p\ m kt hRp i cc`! trnh lm Sn '(nh hoc lm mPm nc?2hi cho i o nc\ `! trnh kh .Vt xCyr: tho H tr6ng hRp/

Tr6ng hRp nc c> oxy hv: t:n/i 'Rc coi l chYt xc tc\ phCn ng kh .Vt"in r: nh .:!/

OK,E+JNH] +H] H,H+ ] OE:K+,NH* OK+,NJ] OE:K,E+JNH7Vt K)))N hy' roxit 'Rc t$o thnh\" "ng lVng l$i trong B lVng gi{ l$i hon tontrong B lc?

Tr6ng hRp nc khng c> oxy hv: t:n/khi cho i o nc\ phCn ng "in r:nh .:!/

K,E+JNH] E:K+,NH* E+J] E:E+J] ,H+

o i;n php kh .Vt BZng Elo?

_! trnh kh .Vt BZng clo 'Rc th9c hi;n nh6 phCn ng .:!/HK,E+JNH] ElH] E:K,E+JNH] G,H+ HK+,NJE:ElH ] G,] ] G,E+J*

o

i;n php kh .Vt BZng 2:li Lrm:ng:n:t K25n+ON?2hi "wng 25n+O' kh .Vt\ `!: trnh xCy r: rYt nh:nh cn m:ng:n K)bN

hy'roxyt e: 'Rc t$o thnh . l nh#n t8 xc tc cho `! trnh kh? LhCn ng xCy r:tho phAng trnh .:!/

%H]] 5n+O*] ,] %J]] 5nH]] O,H+

o i;n php kh .Vt BZng cch lc `!: lp 4t li;! 'c Bi;t

Ec 4t li;! 'c Bi;t c> khC nang xc tc\ '^y nh:nh `! tr nh xy ho khH]thnh J] gi{ l$i trong t=ng lc? _! trnh "in r: r^t nh:nh ch>ng c> hi;!

`!C c:o? Et 'n l mt trong nh{ng chYt c> 'c t


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5t .8 lo$i i .inh c> khC nang xy ho .Vt trong 'iP! ki;n m `! trnh xyho ho hc xCy r: rYt kh> khan? Ehng t: cYy cc m=m kh!^n .Vt trong lp cy lccD: B lc\ thng `!: ho$t 'ng cD: cc i kh!^n .Vt 'Rc lo$i r: kh~i nc? Th6ng. "ng thit B( B lc ch4m ' kh .Vt?

0A 0F0 2hn!" 2hF2 ]h $a!"a!

5:ng:n trong nc ng=m cwng tn t$i i .Vt i;c x l m:ng:n c|ngth6ng 'Rc tin hnh cwng i i;c x l .Vt chng cwng nZm q "$ng ion 5nH] c>t tc "ng xctc cho `! trnh n-n .:! mi l=n r: B lc\ c=n c> th6i gi:n ' t$o r: lp mng tipxc mi K% * F& ngyN? giCm Cnh hqng cD: hi;n tRng ny\ c> th "wng ct 'n 's'Rc phD mt lp 'ioxit m:ng:n lm lp 4t li;! lc?

Trong tr6ng hRp c> ch: cC .Vt m:ng:n\ c=n tin hnh lm th9c nghi;m 'tm r: `!y trnh x l kt hRp mt cch hRp l? Xin lm thong phCi 'D lRng oxi ho

t:n cho cC `! trnh oxi ho .Vt m:g:n? + 1v $#& W(0

:o gm lm thong \ lVng tip xc lc Kmt hoc h:i lpN? bi;c l9: chncng ngh; t! tho 'iP! ki;n c th? 1! .:! khi .Vt B( oxi ho ht m p, c!C ncn gi{ q gi tr( ln hAn th `! trnh oxi ho m:ng:n . "in r: th!4n lAi? lc c=nc> lp 4t li;! lc "y tr-n F?%m\ c> th "wng B lc h:i lp Kth:n :ntr:xit ctN ' c>'Rc hi;! `!C c:o?

SVTH: Nguyn Anh VGVHD: Th.S Nguyn Ngc Trinh 1F


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! 'im cD: `!y trnh lc ny l ch@ c=n c> mt cYp B lc nhng nhRc 'iml i;c r: lc phc t$p c=n gi{ 'Rc lp mng xc tc 5nK+,NO q lp ct lc ph nhRc 'im l t8n km hAn nhng hi;! `!C x lc:o Sn '(nh? Ec B lc c> chc nang r rng n-n i;c r: B lc khng phc t$p?

Phn!" 2hF2 ]hF0

wng chYt oxi ho m$nh/E> th "wng mt .8 chYt oxi ho m$nh thng "ng ' x l m:ng:n nh clo\

oon\ 25n+OfElH c> th oxi ho 5nH] 5nO] q p, U trong G& M W& pht? Tr6ng hRp

trong nc c> ch: cc hRp cht :moni th `! trnh oxi ho 5nH] ch@ xCy r: .:! khiclo kt hRp i :moni t$o thnh clor:min cvn " clo trong nc?

El+H +J c> th oxi h>: 5nH] 5nO] q p, G?% * U trong F& * F% pht?

25n+O c> khC nang oxi h>: mi "$ng tn t$i cD: 5n K))N ' t$o thnh5nK+,NO?

o wng Bi;n php .inh hc/

LhAng php ny . "ng lp 4t li;! lc 's 'Rc cYy tr-n BP mt mt lo$i ikh!^n c> khC nang hYp th m:ng:n trong `! trnh .inh trqng? zc i kh!^n . t$o r:tr-n BP mt h$t 4t li;! mt lp mng 5n+H c> tc "ng nh chYt xc tc cho `!trnh oxi h>: m:ng:n?

o Ec phAng php 'c Bi;t1goi cc phAng php x l tr-n\ khi chYt lRng nc cYp 'Rc y-! c=! c:o

hAn n-n trong x l nc cYp cvn . "ng mt .8 phAng php .:!/2h mwi ( BZng lm thong\ chYt oxy h>: m$nh\ th:n ho$t t: hc\ phAng php

tr:o 'Si ion?2h mn kh m!8i trong nc BZng phAng php tr:o 'Si ion\ 'i;n ph#n\

lc `!: mng\ nhi;t h:y chng cYt



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CH:NG 2 L@A CHN C/ gingkho:n hon ch@nh K kho:n ti lp cch nc N ging kho:n khng hon ch@nhK kho:n lng cheng 'n lp 'Yt ch: nc N\ ging kho:n c> p khng c> p? 2hic=n kh:i thc mt lRng nc ln\ ng6i t: c> th "!ng mt nh>m ging kho:n\ t!ynhi-n trong tr6ng hRp ny cc ging . B( Cnh hqng ln nh:! khi lm i;c 'ng th6i?

Hj!h Z Khoa! "iX!"

WA GiX!" ]hni

0 cng trnh th! nc ng=m m$ch nng\ th6ng khng p\ 'i khi p l9c y!\ch@ p "ng '8i i 'im "wng nc nh~ hoc h gi: 'nh nh~ l?



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Hj!h t GiX!" ]hni

0A H &h!" &h' !l0 !"O$ &O!" !!"

#y l lo$i cng trnh "!ng ' th! nc ng=m m$ch nng q nh{ng nAi ncng=m .#! B( nhim mn\ i;c 'o ging kh> khan?

6ng 8ng th! nc B:o gm h; th8ng 8ng th! nc 't nZm ng:ng "$ng 'cl hc "$ng x rsnh q '6ng 8ng\ 't trong lp 't c> ch: nc\ c> ' "8c ' nc t9chC P ging t4p tr!ng te '#y c> "!ng go mc hoc my BAm ' lYy nc? nganct ch!i o 8ng nc\ ng6i t: th6ng xp ' "am\ c!i\ .~i x!ng `!:nh 8ng?

H?F?H Ec cng trnh 4n ch!yn nc

Tr$m BAm cYp F c> nhi;m ': nc th te cng trnh l-n tr$m c l nc\tr$m th6ng 'Rc 't ri-ng Bi;t B-n ngoi tr$m x l nc? 5y BAm . "ng q tr$mth6ng . "ng l cc my BAm chm c> p l9c c:o ' BAm nc te ging l-n cc tr$mx l?

Tr$m BAm cYp H c> nhi;m ': nc .$ch 's `!: x l 'n cc kh! "#n c

H?F?J Ec cng trnh x l ncSVTH: Nguyn Anh VGVHD: Th.S Nguyn Ngc Trinh 21


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Hj!h mn DE u 1v !l0 !"O$ Ww!" &hoF!" Dn! "i[! S 10

aAC!" &rj!h 1$ &hoF!"

0m thong l `! trnh th6ng 'Rc p "ng trong gi:i 'o$n '=! cD: x lnc? 1c oxy trong khng kh< tip xc i nh:! oxy ho H] 5nH]? 0mthong cvn c> tc "ng kh E+H\ n#ng gi tr( p, cD: nc? Eng trnh lm thong

'Rc thit k mc ' chiP! c:o te tr-n '@nhtrn 'n m9c nc c:o nhYt &\G m? ,i;! `!C x l/ kh 'Rc J&*J% E+ H\ %mgQl p, .:! lm thong G\

n m: K lm thong t9 nhi-n N/ 2h U% M & E+ H\ tang + K%% + BsohoN?



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Hj!h Gi! $a

Thwng `!$t gi>/ lm thong tCi trng c:o K lm thong cung Bc N ngh: l gi> 'i ngRc chiP!? 2h 'Rc % M W& E+H\ tang + l-n U& M % + Bso ho?

WA Kyo &z

5c ' khC nang kt "


24/60


A@A Bx 1s!"

5c ' cng .!Yt nh~ hAnJ&&&mJQ ngy '-m? lVng 'ng th6ng B8 tr< kt hRp i B phCn ng xoy hnh tr?

Hj!h @ Bx 1s!" D{!"



25/60


lVng trong/ hi;! `!C x l c:o hAn c B lVng khc t8n cY! t$o phc t$p\ ch ' `!Cn l 4n hnh kh> 'vih~i cng trnh lm i;c li-n tc? B ch@ p "ng tr$m c> cng .!Yt J&&&mJQngy '-m?

lVng ly t#m/ B th6ng 'c p "ng ' .A lVng ng!n nc c> hm lRngcn c:o H&&&mgQl i cng .!Yt J&&&mJQngy '-m?

Hj!h @ Bx 1s!" 1 &|$

H?F?O lc

V(& 1i' 10 b4t li;! lc l B ph4n cA BCn cD: cc B lc\ n> 'm l$i hi;! `!Clm i;c t


26/60


5c ' th lm cho cc h$t lc B B( '^y l-ntr-n cc h$t to B( gi{ l$i q 'y?

o wng "vng chCy te "i . khVc phc 'Rc hi;n tRng tr-n\ khC nang

gi{ l$i chYt B^n c|ng t:ng l-n t8c ' cD: h$t cn ch(! Cnh hqng cD:h:i l9c ngRc chiP! nh:!/ l9c cD: "vng nc\ trng l9c? 1hngkh!yt 'im l phCi th:y 4t li;! lc kh> ; .inh

Hj!h @ Bx 10 !ha!h

Bx 10 !ha!h 1l2gi8ng B lc nh:nh nhng c> th-m lp lc th:n :ngtr:xitnhZm tang t8c ' lc ko "i ch! k lm i;c?

Bx 10 n W#"!ng lm .$ch .A B trc khi ': o B lc ch4m ' lm .$chtri;t ' trong B lc ch4m?

Bx 10 0h($/ "wng ' x l cn B^n\ i trwng c> trong nc B( gi{ l$i B-n tronglp mng lc? lc cvn . "ng ' x l nc khng "!ng phn? Trc khi ho$t

'ng c=n ': nc "#ng "=n te "i l-n ' '!Si ht khng kh< r: kh~i lp ct? 2hiSVTH: Nguyn Anh VGVHD: Th.S Nguyn Ngc Trinh 26


27/60


nc "#ng c:o tr-n H& M J& cm th ngeng cYp nc cho nc ng!n o B 'n 'c:o thit k? 7:! '> 'iP! ch@nh t8c ' lc tho t cng .!Yt ln? lc ch4m th6ng 'Rc p"ng cho nh my c> cng .!Yt F&&&mJQngy '-m\ hm lRng cn %&mgQl\ ' m! 'n%& Eo?

lc ch4m c> th r: BZng thD cng hoc Bn cA gii

Hj!h @Z Bx 10 0h($Bx 10 F2 140l B lc k cng .!Yt tr-n F&&&& mJQ ngy '-m?

A@A Kh &r!"

2h trwng nc l kh#! BVt B!c c!8i cwng trong gi:i 'o$n x l nc cYp?Trong nc th c> nhiP! i .inh 4t i trwng g#y B;nh?

EA .q cD: phAng php ny l "wng chYt oxy ho m$nh ' ti-! "i;t i .inh 4t i trwng?

Ec Bi;n php/ "wng chYt oxy ho m$nh\ ti: 4t l\ .i-! #m\ phAng php nhi;t\ion kim lo$i?

A@AZ Bx 0h{a !l0 60h

SVTH: Nguyn Anh VGVHD: Th.S Nguyn Ngc Trinh 2C


28/60


ch: c> nhi;m 'iP! ho l! lRng nc gi{: tr$m BAm cYp F tr$mBAm cYp H? 1goi r: cvn "9 tr{ nc cho nc xC B lVng\ nc r: B lc nc"wng cho cc nh! c=! khc cD: nh my? c> th lm B- tng c8t thp hoc g$ch?

2.2 L@A CHN PH:NG N ;6 LH?H?F EA .q l9: chn cng ngh;

EhYt lRng nc .:! x l phCi 'Cm BCo cho an !8ng .inh ho$t?

Tth th:y 'Si tho mw:\ tho ( tr


29/60


U,m lRng .n tSng

.85gQl &?&F

TEb1 GGHG/H&&& hoc75} J%&& M .

,m lRng 7Vt tSng

.8 K H] ] J]N5gQl &?J

TEb1 GFUU M FWWG K)7+GJJF M FW N hoc75} J%&& *

W,m lRng 5:ng:n

tSng .85gQl &?J

TEb1 G&&H M FWW% K)7+GJJJ*FWGN

H?H?H T


30/60


_ ngy m:x _tB 2ngy m:x WWH?&F F\H FFW&\OF FH&& mJ Qngy?'-m

0! lRng ngy nh~ nhYt/

_ng?min _ng?tB 2ng?min WWH?&F &? UWJ\G mJ Qngy

Trong '>/

2/ ,; .8 "wng nc khng 'iP! hv: ngy k 'n cch tS chc '6i .8ng xshi\ ch ' lm i;c cD: cc cA .q .Cn x!Yt\ mc ' ti;n nghi\ .9 th:y 'Sinh! c=! "wng nc tho mw: c=n lYy nh .:!/ KTho TEzb1 JJ/H&&GN

m:x

nK ,; .8 khng 'iP! hv: ngy ln nhYt F\H KF\H M F\ON?

min

nK ,; .8 khng 'iP! hv: ngy nh~ nhYt &\ K&\U M &\WN

b4y cng .!Yt cD: tr$m x l< ny l FH&& mJQngy'-m



31/60


H?H?J 09: chn .A ' cng ngh;:? .A ' F


1cte tr$mBAm cYp F

Xin m:

bi

trn 'ng

lVng 'ng

lc nh:nh nnBwn

z l'(nh k

ch: nc.$ch

2h trwngBZng ElH

Tr$m BAm cYpH


32/60


Th'X& $i!h n DE @Eh#m Elo q 'y 8ng cD: my BAm? Elo c> tc "ng kh cc hRp chYt h{! cA\cc hRp chYt 1itA cc chYt th ko\ h!yPn phw khc trong ng!n nc? 79 c> mtcc chYt ny q cc cng trnh tip tho . giCm hi;! x!Yt x l


33/60


lc nh:nh/

0c l `! trnh khng ch@ gi{ l$i cc h$t cn lA lng trong nc c> k


34/60


mn DE


1cte tr$m

Thwng `!$tgi>

trn 'ng

lVng tipxc nnBwn

lc ch4m

z l'(nh k

ch: nc.$ch

2h trwngBZng ElHTr$m BAm cYp

H


35/60


Nhi$ Sz Th!" q'6& "iplm thong tCi trng c:o K lm thong cung Bc N ngh: l

gi> nc 'i ngRc chiP! ? 2h %* W& E+H\ t:ng + l-n U& M % +Bso hv:?

Bx 1s!" &iX2 u70c> chc nang gi{ nc l$i .:! `! trnh lm thong trong mt

th6i gi:n 's ' `! trnh xy ho th! ph#n .Vt "in r: hon ton\ 'ng th6i

tch mt ph=n cn nng trc khi ch!yn .:ng B lc? Trong th9c t th6ng lYy

th6i gi:n l! cD: nc te J& 'n O% pht? lVng tip xc c> th 'Rc thit k

nh B lVng 'ng th6ng 't ng:y "i gin lm thong? Ehc nang ch


36/60


nh~Th


37/60


* Ehi: gin m: thnh/ J t=ng? 7 "ng .n t!ng BZng inox c> k/_ / cng .!Yt tr$m x l KlQ.N

1 / .8 gin m:

* 6ng k


38/60


* Ehn khoCng cch gi{: H 8ng nhnh l J&&mm tho Tzb1 JJ/H&&G?

* 78 8ng nhnh

n H x K ] FN H x K ] FN 8ng?

Trong '>/

/ chiP! rng F gin m: KmN* 0! lRng !: F 8ng nhnh

`nhnh q s &\U% KlQ.N &\&&&U% mJQ.?* 6ng k


39/60


Fl 3,14 D1 l 3,14 0,008 &\&&&&% mH

Trong '>/F l / i;n t/ch/ 4n t8c trong 8ng ph#n ph8i ch


40/60


* E6ng ' ti : G mJQmH?h

* 0Rng oxy hv: t:n trong nc .:! khi lm thong q nhi;t ' H&E'$t khoCng O&lRng oxy hv: t:n Bso hv: KlRng oxy hv: t:n Bso hv: l \F mgQlN

0Rng oxy hv: t:n/ O& x \F J\HO mgQl?

* 0Rng oxy hv: t:n cvn l$i trong nc .:! khi lm thong thDy ph#n .Vt Kcng thcz*H% x l nc cYp .inh ho$t cng nghi;p cD: Tr(nh z!#n 0:i\ ng 5inhTh!N?

5oH 5oH ho t:nM &\OU?5,H7 ] &\FOJ?5H]] E,E

Trong '>/5oH/ lRng oxy hv: t:n cvn l$i trong nc .:! lm thong?5oH ho t:n / lRng oxy hv: t:n5,H7 / hm lRng ,H7 trong nc5H]/ hm lRng H]trong ncE,E/ chYt h{! cA trong nc

5oH J\HO M&\OU x & ] &\FOJ x G ]& H\J molQl

* Th oxy h>: kh y-! c=! .:! khi kh .Vt/

}F J]

QH]

F\JO * &\FUU x p, }F F\JO M &\FUU x U\F &\& ol?

}H +HQ,H+ F\HJF M &\&%W?p, ] &\&FO%?lg+H }H F\HJF M &\&%W x U\F ] &\&FO% x lgH\J &\F ol?

7o .nh/ &\F J x &\& }H J?}F

K J l h; .8 'Rc p "ng ' 'p ng t8c ' oxy h>: kh khi kh .VtN?

1h 4y\ "#y ch!yPn cng ngh; lm thong 'An giCn BZng gin m: th~: msn 'iP!ki;n lRng oxy h>: .Vt?

2A TNH Tb:N B TRN NG

i;n t


41/60


Trong '>/

_/ l! lRng nc o B trn?

b"/ 4n t8c nc "#ng te "i l-n? Ehn " H% mmQ. &\&H% mQ.

t , &\%G mJ

1! mt BZng ph=n tr-n cD: B trn c> "$ng hnh !ng\ th chiP! "i mi c$nh l/

t = = m

Ehn '6ng kc n>n O&&th chiP! c:o ph=n hnh thp K ph=n "i B N l/

h" 1 (btbd ) .cotg40

=1 (0,740,4 ) .2,747=0,46 m

Th t


42/60


h , F\H% mJ

Th t


43/60


l

v

=1 3600

=0,0138 mH

Ehn '6ng k/ _/ 0! lRng nc t


44/60


/ ,; .8 k 'n i;c . "ng "!ng t/F =

=20 (m2)?

b. Din tch ngang ca tit din ngn b phn ng xoy hnh t!" t!#ng t$%&

f1=

60!Nbi h!"# $% &'ng ng h*n H = 5mK`!y ph$m , H?G *% mN .!y r: chiP! c:o cD:

wng B phCn ng hnh tr = . = . = . m \ chn th6i gi:n phCn ng

trong B phCn ng xoy hnh tr l = K`!y ph$m l F% M H& phtN

F

F\GUmH

+-ng nh h3n 4ng %y h6nh t78 9

4( 1+#)

$ =

4(1,67+20)

$ =5,2m

=

T: c> t l; = ,

=1.04 nh~ hAn F?% th~: msn h; .8 k 'n i;c . "ng "!ngt


45/60


EhiP! c:o ph=n lo lYy BZng '6ng kc K g>c gi{: ph=n nghi-ng cD: 'y .o i mt ph[ng ng:ngN l %& ' K%&

M G& 'N

Ehn k


46/60


b4y/ c 3,14 3,2 5,7+ 0,2+5,7 0,2 =28,1 m2

T: c> _ %& mJQh 1 H B

Em:x/ hm lRng cn trong nc ': o B lVng

Em:x En] 2L ] &\H%5 ] KmgQlN

En/,m lRng nc ng!n KmgQlN\ En FH

L/ 0iP! lRng phn t


47/60


th! nc 's lVng\ t: "wng h; th8ng mng vng chCy trn x!ng `!:nh thnh B K "o"i;n t


48/60


'Cm BCo cho i;c th! 'P! nc tr-n ton B chiP! "i mng\ ph/

2h t$o g>c / W&o

P rng kh/ F&&mm P rng rang F&&mm EhiP! c:o kh/ hkh %&mm 6ng kng ' r:

tc=btNN

=6 21

=12 m /h KkhoCng G M U\%N/ khng :n ton

SVTH: Nguyn Anh VGVHD: Th.S Nguyn Ngc Trinh 4F


49/60


b 4y t: phCi thit k th-m H B lc ' "9 phvng? 5t B 4n hnh\ h:i B "9 phvngr: lc o c!8i ngy?

*i;n t


50/60


0Yy khoCng cch gi{: cc 8ng nhnh l &\J m K_!y ph$m/ &\H% M &\J mN th .8 8ngtrong F B l/

m= 2= ,

2=10 ng

0! lRng nc lc chCy trong mi nhnh l/

qn= - =

0,036= &\&&JG m


51/60


2=$ c =

3,140,15=0,017 m2

TSng "i;n t trong 8ng "n gi> l F% mQ. K`!y ph$m F%*H&mQ. TEz JJ/H&&GN

6ng k ch


52/60


gi>4 Qg34

$ v

&\&Gm G& mm

.8 8ng gi> nhnh lYy BZng F&?

0Rng gi> trong F 8ng nhnh l / , &\&&OJ% mJQ.

6gn k nhnh /

"gi> 4 0,0435 =0,006 m=6 mm

i;n t


53/60


0Rng nc th! o mi mng/

`m " 0 FH F\% HJG lQ. &\&JG KmJQ.N l c6ng ' r: lcKnh tr-nN

" l khoCng cch gi{: cc t#m mng\ "F\%m

EhiP! "i mng lHm

EhiP! rng mng l/

, +a

qm2

B =5 5

Trong '>/

*: / l t@ .8 gi{: chiP! c:o hnh ch{ nh4t i n: chiP! rng cD: mng

0Yy : F\J KTEz JJ/H&&G\ _!y Lh$m : F M F\%N

*k / ,; .8 '8i i tit "i;n mng hnh t:m gic/ k H\F

,2

= 5

a= cnBm

=hcn= m a

2=

0,2951,3

2=0,19m

b4y chiP! c:o ph=n mng hcnl/ hcn &\FW m lYy chiP! c:o ph=n 'y t:m gic l h '

hcn =0,19 =0.04 m ? "8c 'y mng lYy P ph


54/60


2hoCng cch te BP mt lp 4t li;! lc 'n mp tr-n mng th! nc xc '(nh thocng thc/

6 !m= 7

+0,3(m)

Trong '>/

*0 / EhiP! "y lp 4t li;! lc\ 0 &\ m

* / gisn nq tAng '8i cD: lp 4t li;! lcKlYy tho BCng OM%N O%

>6 !m= , ] &\J &\GG m

Tho `!y ph$m \ khoCng cch gi{: 'y "i cwng cD: mng "n nc r: phCi nZmc:o hAn lp 4t li;! lc t8i thi! &\&U m\ h kc &\&Um

EhiP! c:o ton ph=n cD: mng th! nc r:/ ,m &\J m\ mng "8c P ph


55/60


h= 0,22

Trong '>/

*0./ EhiP! "y lp .~i 'u / 0. &\U m

/ E6ng ' r: lc / FH /s.m2

h' &\HH ==.16n th7t p l8c t!ong l*p v>t li# l,c&

h&= ($ >

Trong '>/ i k


56/60


,m/ 2hoCng cch te mp "i cD: mng 'n lp 4t li;! lc\

,m &\UF KmN

,m/ EhiP! c:o mng th! nc r: lc ,m &\% KmN

h FH M F&\&O ] F ] &\F ] &\H ] F\H ] &\UF] &\% %\U% KmN

hr/ TSng tSn thYt p l9c khi r: lc/

hr h.] h'] hb00] hKmN

&\HHW ] &\HGO ] &\JFOO ] &\JOJ F\F% KmN

h"t/ p l9c "9 tr{ ' ph u kt cY! B:n '=! cD: h$t 4t li;! lc\ lYy h "t H KmN

T>m l$i/

h %\U% ] &\F ] &\OF ] H \WG KmN

b4y chn BAm nc r: lc c>/ _r &\HJ K m


57/60


* n / .8 l=n r: B trong F ngy\ n F

* tF\ tH\ tJ/ th6i gi:n r:\ xC nc lc '=! th6i gi:n cht cD: B lc

%:= (0,1+0,35+0,17 )=23,38 (h)

>P= ,

=


58/60


6ng 8ng xC r: lc

0Yy BZng '6ng k


59/60


5A Cao &rj!h Wx &r#!

TSn thYt p l9c trong B trn l &\% m K tho TEb1 JJ/H&&GNE8t m9c nc B trn

nBt nB] &\% H\U ]&\% J\H m

E8t 'y B trn/

"tnBtM ,Bt] &\J J\H M J\&G ] &\J &\OOm

yA Cao &rj!h "i! $a

Ehn m9c nc gin m: l H\W m

E8t 'y gin m:/

gm nBt] &\G J\H ] &\G J\m

CH:NG 9 4FT LUN V 4FN NGH7:! khi th9c hi;n ' n mn hc z l< nc cYp i chD 'P Thit k h; th8ngnc cYp .inh ho:t cho th( trYn O%&& "#n K ng!n nc ng=m N? bi;c x l< ncng=m khc nh:! trc khi ': o . "ng\ twy o 'c thw ng!n nc\ nh!c=! cYp nc\ ti-! ch!^n cYp nc 'iP! ki;n .inh ho$t m l9: chn k th!4t

x l phw hRp? 1g!n nc ny 's B( nhim .Vt i nng ' kh c:o\ ngoi r:cvn nhim m:ng:n\ '#y l h:i thng .8 nhim cht?5ong th=y c g>p BS .!ng B~ `!: ' nh{ng ' n .:! ny th9c hi;n 'Rct8t hAn?

Ewng i '> xin nh tr6ng nh{ng ch!yn th:m `!:n th9c t P mn hc ny 'tr:ng B( cho chng m nhiP! hAn P nh{ng kin thc th9c t P `!y trnh x lnc cYp\ cYp nc .inh ho$t \ .Cn x!Ytf?



60/60


1g!n th:m khCo ti li;!/

* 7ch x l nc cYp K LT7? 1g!yn 1gc !ng *H&F& N* Ti-! ch!^n ngnh * cYp nc m$ng li B-n ngoi cng trnh TEb1

JJ/H&&G

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