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I CNGTuyn yn l mt tuyn nh, kch thc bng ht u, nng khong 0,5g nm trong h yn ca xng bm.c xem nh l nhc trng ca h ni tit.*

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*S pht trin thy trc v thy sau tuyn yn t ngoi b hu v sn gian no

*Thy trcThy sauPhn trung gianThy tuynThy thn kinhH ynLi giaPhn cCung phu

*Thy tuynPhn trung gianThy thn kinhCung phu

TUYN YN THY TUYN 3 loi tb ch tit, xp thnh dy hoc m:T bo a acid (40%)T bo a base (10%)T bo k mu (50%)*

*nh vi th cc t bo ni tit thy trc tuyn yn, cho thy s sp xp thnh cc di.

CC LOI TB THY TUYN*Tb a baseTb a acidTb k mu

Cu to: 1. Phn trcGm 3 phn: thy tuyn, phn trung gian v thy c 1.1 Thy tuyn - Phn ch yu(chim 75%), tuyn ni tit kiu li: cc dy t bo xen vi li mao mch kiu xoang. - C 3 loi t bo : t bo k mu v 2 loi t bo a mu: tb a acid, tb a base + Tb k mu: 50%, t bt mu thuc nhum, thng ng thnh m, bo tng sng mu cha t hoc khng c ht ch tit. Chia lm ba loi:

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T bo km bit ha: t bo u dng, c th bit ha thnh t bo a muT bo a mu thoi ha: bo tng cha t ht titT bo nang: chim s lng ln nht. To thnh h nng t bo a mu, c kh nng chng .

+ Tb a acid: 40%, thng nm vng ngoi vi, bo tng cha cc ht ch tit hormone a acid, 2loi: t bo tit Growth hormone v t bo tit prolactin

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Tb tit hormone GH (h.tngtrng):bo tng cha cc ht ch tit d= 350-400nm. Tc ng GH: qa trnh chuyn ha: huy ng axit bo t do m m, tc ng ln c, xng.Tb tit prolactin: kch thc nh hn, hnh dng khng u, tng th tch trong thi k thai nghn, thng nm vng ra, s lng n nhiu hn. Ht ch tit c k.thc =200nm, khi c thai, cho con b tng 600nm. Phi hp vi estrogen v progesteron tc ng ln t.sa lm pht trin v kch thch to sa sau khi sinh.

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*T bo k muT bo k muMao mch muT bo a axitT bo a bazo

+ T bo a base: 10%, kch thc ln hn t bo a acid, thng phn b vng gia. 3 loi: Tb tit hormone hng sinh dc: kch thc ln, bo tng cha ht d= 275- 375nm, cha 2 hormone: FSH, LH. FSH: kch thch q.trnh pht trin nang trng n v qu trnh to tinh nam. LH: n: nang trng chn, hnh thnh v duy tr hong th, nam: k.thch tb leydig tit testosterone.

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T bo tit TSH: ln, hnh a din, ht ch tit d= 120-200nm xp st mng t bo. Tc ng ln tuyn gip. Tb hng v thng thn: hnh a din, nhn nm lch 1 pha, ht ch tit d=375-500nm. Ht cha propimelanocortin tit ACTH tc ng thng thn v: tit glucocorticoid v androgen thng thn. *

PHN TRUNG GIAN V PHN CPhn trung gian: hp, cha t bo t a base c ht d= 200-300nm. Cha cc ti thnh b.m vung n cha cht keo.Phn c:C hnh ng, bao quanh cung tuyn yn v li gia. L vng giu mao mch (mao mch s cp)*

TUYN YN THY SAU *Si trcTh HerringMao mch TB tuyn ynThy sau tuyn yn

TB tuyn yn: l tb thn kinh m, hnh sao, c cc nhnh n bm vo mch mu v cc si trc.Nhng si trc: khong 100.000 si. Si trc tn cng mng y cc mao mch, vn chuyn cc cht tit t cc neuron vng di i ch tit vo mao mch. Cht tit t c phn tn cng si trc (u phnh) st mng y mao mch to thnh nhng khi c kch thc khc nhau: th HerringTh Herring*

Thy sau tuyn yn tit vo mu 2 loi hormone: Oxytocin (hormone tnh yu): Gy co rt cc si c trn (v d c t cung) v ca tb c-biu m tuyn v tng sa t cc nang tuyn v vo ng bi xut.Arginine vasopressin (AVP) hay Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): Ti hp thu nc ng xa v ng gp thn, gim tiu tinKim sot p lc mu: Kch thch co mch, tng p lc mu. *

*Vng h iHormone gii phng(Hormone c ch)

Tuyn ynHormone kch thch

Tuyn chHormoneMch mu h caT bo ch titThy trc tuyn ynu tn TB thn kinh titThy sau tuyn ynHormone t vng h i kch thch hoc c ch s gii phng cc hormone ca thy trc tuyn yn

*H thng ca tnh mch tuyn ynm ri mao mch s cpng mch tuyn yn trnm ri mao mch th cpCc t bo tuyn

Phn thn kinhPhn tuynV thng thnTuyn gipTinh honBung trngTuyn vM mCXngT cungThnTuyn vTit glucocorticoid, androgen t.thnCh titTo tinh trngTit Androgen: testosterone pht trin nang trng: tit EstrogenSau phng non: tit ProgesteroneHp thu ncCo c t cungCo tht c biu mTng trngTng ng huytTng acid bo t doBi tit sa*Cung phuC gia ca xm (li gia)H caNhn trn th (ADH)Nhn cnh no tht (oxytocin)T bo thn kinh ch tit vng h i ch tit cc hormone gii phng (hypothalamic releasing hormone) v hormone c ch (hypothalamic inhibitory hormone)a Acida Base

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*Phn trc c pht trin t ti Rathke thuc trn xoang ming (nc ming)Phn sau c pht trin t sn gian no*Nh, 12x10x9mm, nng khong 0,5g, nm h yn ca xng bm sn s. c bao bc mi mng cng.*Nhn xt: Thy trc tp trung nhiu t bo, bt mu m.infundibular stalk (IS) : cung phupars nervosa (PN) : thy thn kinhpars distalis (PD): Thy tuynpars intermediate (PI): Phn trung gianpars tuberalis (PT): Phn c*acidophil cells (A)basophils (B)chromophobes (C)capillaries and sinusoids (S) (mch mu hnh sin)*(nhum Gomori trichrome)

**pars nervosa (PN) : thy thn kinhpars distalis (PD): Thy tuynpars intermediate (PI): Phn trung gianbasophilic cells (B)colloid-filled cysts (C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)luteinizing hormone (LH)**ADH: Bnh i tho nht*ng mch tuyn yn vng y hypothalamus li mao mch th 1 c tip xc vi u tn cc t bo thn kinh ch tit TM ca i dc tuyn yn to thnh li mao mch th 2 gia b cc t bo tuyn ra khi tuyn yn.*ng mch tuyn yn vng y gia ca vng di i (hypothalamus) li mao mch th 1 (mao mch s cp) c tip xc vi u tn cc t bo thn kinh ch tit TM ca i dc tuyn yn to thnh li mao mch th 2 (mao mch th cp) gia b cc t bo tuyn ra khi tuyn yn.

*Tc ng ca hormone tuyn yn ln cc c quan ch

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