verbtenses-110811134409-phpapp02a

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The structure for !"estionsentences in the simple past tense is:

auxiliary verb " sub!ect " main verbdid base

The auxiliary verb didis not con!ugated. t is the same for all persons # did, you did, he

did etc$. %nd the base form and past form do not change. &ook at these examples with themain verbs goand work:

s"b#ect a"xiliar$ erb main erb

"

went to school.

You worked very hard.

-'he did not go with me.

(e did not work yesterday.

)*id you go to &ondon)

*id they work at home)

%xception&The verb to beis different. (e con!ugate the verb to be # was, you were,he+she+it was, we were, they were$ and we do notuse an auxiliary for negative and

uestion sentences. To make a uestion, we exchange the sub!ect and verb. &ook at these

examples:

s"b#ect main erb

", he+she+it was here.

You, we, they were in &ondon.

-, he+she+it was not there.

You, we, they were not happy.


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)(as , he+she+it right)

(ere you, we, they late)

Simple Present Tense

' sing

How do we make the Simple Present Tense?

sub!ect " auxiliary verb " main verbdo base

There are three important exceptions:

. /or positive sentences, we do not normall$ "se the a"xiliar$.

0. /or the 1rd person singular #he, she, it$, we add sto the main verb or esto theauxiliary.

1. /or the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for uestions and negatives.

&ook at these examples with the main verb like:


", you, we, they like coffee.

He, she, it likes coffee.

-, you, we, they do not like coffee.

He, she, it does not like coffee.

)

*o , you, we, they like coffee)

*oes he, she, it like coffee)

&ook at these examples with the main verb be. 2otice that there is no auxiliary:


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s"b#ect main erb

"

am /rench.

You, we, they are /rench.

He, she, it is /rench.

-

am not old.

You, we, they are not old.

He, she, it is not old.

)

%m late)

%re you, we, they late)

s he, she, it late)

Simple ("t"re Tense

' will sing

The simple f"t"re tenseis often called will, because we make the simple future tensewith the modal auxiliary will.

How do we make the Simple Future Tense?

The structure of the simple future tense is:

sub!ect " auxiliary verb (&& " main verb

invariable

base

will V1


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/or negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert notbetween the auxiliary

verb and main verb. /or uestion sentences, we exchange the s"b#ectand a"xiliar$erb. &ook at these example sentences with the simple future tense:


" will open the door.

" You will finish before me.

- 'he will not be at school tomorrow.

- (e will not leave yet.

) (ill you arrive on time)

) (ill they want dinner)

(hen we use the simple future tense in speaking, we often contract the sub!ect and

auxiliary verb:

will 3ll

you will you3ll

he will

she will

it will

he3ll

she3ll

it3ll

we will we3ll

they will they3ll

/or negative sentences in the simple future tense, we contract with won)t, like this:


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will not won3t

you will not you won3t

he will not

she will notit will not

he won3t

she won3tit won3t

we will not we won3t

they will not they won3t

How do we use the Simple Future Tense?

No Plan

(e use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before

we speak. (e make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. &ook at theseexamples:

Hold on. )ll geta pen.

(e will seewhat we can do to help you.

4aybe we)ll sta$ inand watchtelevision tonight.

n these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the

time of speaking.

(e often use the simple future tense with the verb to thinkbefore it:

think3ll go to the gym tomorrow.

think will have a holiday next year.

don3t think3ll buy that car.

Prediction

(e often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. %gain, there isno firm plan. (e are saying what we think will happen. Here are some examples:

t will raintomorrow.

5eople won)t goto 6upiter before the 00nd century.


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(ho do you think will getthe !ob)

Be

(hen the main verb is be, we can use the simple future tense even if we have a firm plan

or decision before speaking. 7xamples:

)ll bein &ondon tomorrow.

3m going shopping. won)t bevery long.

*illyou beat work tomorrow)

Present ontin"o"s Tense

' am singing

(e often use the present continuous tense in 7nglish. t is very different from the simplepresent tense, both in structure and in use.

n this lesson we look the structure and use of the present continuous tense, follwed by a

ui8 to check your understanding:

How do we make the Present ontin"o"s

Tense?The structure of the present continuous tense is:

sub!ect " auxiliary verb " main verbbe base " ing

&ook at these examples:


" am speaking to you.


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" You are reading this.

- 'he is not staying in &ondon.

- (e are not playing football.

) s he watching T9)

) %re they waiting for 6ohn)

How do we "se the Present ontin"o"s

Tense?

(e use the present continuous tense to talk about:

action happening now

action in the future

Present continuous tense for action happening now

a$ for action happening exactl$ now

am eating my lunch.

past present f"t"re

The action is happeningnow.

&ook at these examples. ight now you are looking at this screen and at the same time...


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b$ for action happening aro"nd now

The action may not be happening exactly now, but it is happening !ust before and !ust

after now, and it is not permanent or habitual.

6ohn is going out with 4ary. #The action is happening around now.$

&ook at these examples:

4uriel is learningto drive.

am liingwith my sister until find an apartment.

Present continuous tense for the future

(e can also use the present continuous tense to talk about the f"t"re;if we add a f"t"reword


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Past ontin"o"s Tense

' was singing

The past contin"o"s tenseis an important tense in 7nglish. (e use it to say what we

were in the middle of doing at a particular moment in the past.

n this lesson we look at the structure and the use of the past continuouse tense, followedby a ui8 to check your understanding:

How do we make the Past ontin"o"s

Tense?The structure of the past continuous tense is:

sub!ect " auxiliary verb >7 " main verb

con!ugated in simple past tense

present participle

was

werebase + ing

/or negative sentences in the past continuous tense, we insert notbetween the auxiliary

verb and main verb. /or uestion sentences, we exchange the s"b#ectand a"xiliar$

erb. &ook at these example sentences with the past continuous tense:


" was watching T9.

" You were working hard.

- He, she, it was not helping 4ary.


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- (e were not !oking.

) (ere you being silly)

) (ere they playing football)

How do we "se the Past ontin"o"s

Tense?

The past continuous tense expresses action at a partic"lar momentin the past. The

action started before that moment but has not finished at that moment. /or example,

yesterday watched a film on T9. The film started at ?pm and finished at @pm.

%t Apm yesterday, was watchingT9.

past present f"t"re

-----------A pm -----------

%t Apm, was in the middle

of watching T9.

(hen we use the past continuous tense, our listener usually knows or understands what

time we are talking about. &ook at these examples:

was workingat Bpm last night.

They werenot pla$ingfootball at @am this morning.

(hat wereyou doingat Bpm last night)

(hat wereyou doingwhen he arrived)

'he was cookingwhen telephoned her.

(e were haingdinner when it started to rain.

am went home early because it was snowing.


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(e often use the past continuous tense to =set the scene= in stories. (e use it to describe

the background situation at the moment when the action begins. Cften, the story starts

with the past continuous tense and then moves into the simple past tense. Here is an

example:

= 6ames >ond was driingthrough town. t was raining. The wind was blowinghard.

2obody was walkingin the streets. 'uddenly, >ond saw the killer in a telephone box...=

Past ontin"o"s Tense + Simple Past

Tense

(e often use the past continuous tense with the simple past tense. (e use the past

continuous tense to express a longaction. %nd we use the simple past tense to express a

shortaction that happens in the middleof the long action. (e can !oin the two ideas

with whenor while.

n the following example, we have two actions:

. long action #watching T9$, expressed with past continuous tense

0. short action #telephoned$, expressed with simple past tense

past present f"t"re

&ong action.

was watching T9 at Apm.

-------------Apm---------------

You telephoned at Apm

'hort action.

(e can !oin these two actions with when:


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