1. < RR 2014-15> 21 (): :
2. RR 2014-15 21 (): _ () _ () () () () _ ()
3. v 21 . , IQ , , , . . 21 . 21 . , (, , , ) . , , . . 2014
12
4. vii (creative character) . , 21 . , , . . . 21 , , , OECD ,
, . Martin Prosperity Institute 2011 (GCI: Global Creativity Index)
GCI , , , . , 2002 OECD , .
5. 21 (): viii , (thinking), , , (using language, symbols, and
texts), (relating to others), (participating and contributing) .
Takapuna Normal Intermediate School(TNIS), Karori Normal
School(KaNS), Kelburn Normal School(KeNS) . 21 (The 21st Century
Competencies) . 3 (Core Values) (Character) . , , , , , , , . (CCE:
Character and Citizenship Education) . (self-awareness), (social
awareness), (self-management), (relationship management),
(responsible decision-making) . 2016 (entrepreneurship) . , , . , ,
(self-assesment) .
6. ix (Learning Bridge), (LUMATE), (Yrityskyl) . 2018 . , , , .
, , , , , , , , , , . , . . . , 21 . , . . , , . , . . , ,
7. 21 (): x . . , . , . , . , . , . , . , (empowerment) . : , ,
, ,
8. xi . 1 1. 3 2. 5 3. 7 . 13 1. 16 2. 18 3. 19 4. : 20 . 21 27
1. 29 2. 36 . 51 1. 53 2. 73 3. 89 4. 111
9. 21 (): xii . 141 1. 143 2. 150 157 ABSTRACT 175 179 [ 1]
(GCI: Global Creativity Index) 181 [ 2] LUMATE 184
10. xiii < -1> , , 8 < -1> IEA ICCS 2009 49 <
-1> TNIS 64 < -2> KaNS 67 < -3> KeNS 70 < -4>
75 < -5> 85 < -6> (ESP) 96 < -7> , 98 < -8>
(Learning Bridge) 103 < -9> d.School 135 < -10>
137
11. xv [ -1] 11 [ -1] 38 [ -2] GCI 41 [ -3] GCI 42 [ -4] GCI 42
[ -5] CCR Prism 43 [ -1] 2012-17 : 55 [ -2] 2012-17 : 1 55 [ -3]
2012-17 : 2 56 [ -4] 60 [ -5] 65 [ -6] 68 [ -7] 71 [ -8] 21 79 [
-9] (CCE) 81 [ -10] (CCE) 82 [ -11] (CCE) 88 [ -12] 1970 90 [ -13]
93 [ -14] 112 [ -15] Pacific Rim 117
12. . 1. 2. 3.
13. . 3 . 1. . ICT, (, 2014). 21 (creative class) (, 2014). . ,
, . , , , , ( , 2010; , 2007). (Feist & Barron, 2003; Feist,
2010; Katz, 1986; Kim, 2005; Martindale et al., 1984) . OECD (key
competency)
14. 21 (): 4 (OECD, 2003, 2005, 2014; & World Bank Group,
2014). (cognitive) (non-cognitive) . . . , , (Rychen &
Salganik, 2003). (Global Creativity Index) ( , 2011; Florida et
al., 2011; Heckman, Stixrud & Urza, 2006). , , (Paul, 2013). ,
, . , , , , , , . 1995 531 , 2009 ( , 2011; , 2010). (, 2014; ,
2014). 5 ,
15. . 5 ( , 2012; , 2013; , 2013; , 2013; , 2013; , 2012; ,
2013; , 2013), (, 2012; , 2012; , 2010, 2011; , 2012; , 2010) (,
2012a; , 2013) . , . . . 21 . 2. . , , , , .
16. 21 (): 6 . OECD(Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development), IEA(The International Association for the Evaluation
of Educational Achievement) (Martin Prosperity Institute: Global
Creativity Index, Center for Curriculum Redesign, University of
Chicago: Non-Cognitive Skills Research, CASEL: Collaborative for
Academic, Social and Emotional Learning Program, ASPEN Institute
Forum for Community Solution, IEA ICCS: International Civic and
Citizenship Study) . . , , , , , , . Martin Prosperity Institute
2011 (Global Creativity Index: GCI) 10 , , . (GCI, 3), (GCI, 6),
(GCI, 9), (GCI, 2) . . .
17. . 7 3. . . , . . OECD: ESP(Education and Social Progress) ,
IEA: ICCS(International Civic and Citizenship Education Study) ,
World Bank, UNESCO/ Brookings : Global Citizenship Education
Working Group , (Ministry of Education/ Comparative Education
Research Unit), New Zealand Council for Educational Research), (
Non-cognitive skills , Pacific Rim Charter School, Northeastern
University), (: National Institute of Education), (Tampere
University) . . 2 , , . , .
18. 21 (): 8 City of Tampere Dr. Riitta Juusenaho (TOP School )
( ) Learning Bridge, (LUMATE), (Yritysky l) , < -1> , , .
OECD , , , . , , . , , . . . , 2014 2 . . , , .
19. . 9 Tammerkosken Lukio in Sampola Matti Hnnikinen () , ,
LUMATE Tampere University of Technology Prof. Markku Kulomaa, ()
Ms. Susanne Petjist ( ) , , , , TREDEA Learning Bridge Ms. Elina
Harju ( ) ( ) ( , , , , , ) (, ), (EU, , ) Steiner School Jyrki
Honkonen, Miia Bergman () , , , Boston University Prof. Scott
Seider ( ) BU , , , , , , Academy of the Pacific Rim Charter Public
School Susan J. Thompson () , , (Gambatte, Kaizen , , ) ,
20. 21 (): 10 University of Massachusetts Boston Prof. Jeremy
Szteiter ( ) UMB , Northeastern University Prof. Johnson Tristan (
) , . . , , , , , , , . , [ -1] .
21. . 11 [ -1]
22. . 1. 2. 3. 4. :
23. . 15 . . . ( ) (cognitive) (non-cognitive) . . , , 1930-40
(Schubert et al., 2002: 107-112), 1950 (Sputnik) (Schubert et al.,
2002: 153-154), 1960-70 (Schubert et al., 2002: 204-205). , , () ,
. . , . .
24. 21 (): 16 1. ? , . , (uniqueness) (usefulness) , (Feist,
2010: 114). (being good) (being relevant) (being novel) (Kaufman
& Sternberg, 2010: xiii). 17 (imagination), 18 (genius) (Runco
& Albert, 2010: 9), 1967 Guilford (creative thinking) (Kyung
Hee, K. et al, 2010: 400). Guilford (: Torrance Tests of Creative
Thinking, Wallach and Kogan Divergent Thinking Tasks, Guilford
Divergent Thinking Tasks ) (Kyung Hee, K. et al, 2010: 400).
(person), (process), (place) ( ; product), Four Ps (Kaufman &
Sternberg, 2010: xiii; Kozbelt et al., 2010: 24). , (performance)
(potential) Six Ps (Runco, 2008). , , , Four Ps Six Ps . , Big-C
Creativity (Kozbelt et al., 2010: 23) little-c creativity
(Richards, 2007). ,
25. . 17 little-c creativity mini-c creativity (Beghetto &
Kaufman, 2007), Big-C Creativity little-c creativity Pro-c
creativity (Kozbelt et al., 2010: 24). . , , , . (; benefits)
(cost) , , (Rubenson & Runco, 1995). , (Kozbelt et al., 2010:
30). , (tolerance) (Florida, 2002). , , . , , , , , - (Cropley,
1996; Keniston, 1960; Moran, 2010; Sternberg & Lubart, 1995). ,
(Colligan, 1983).
26. 21 (): 18 2. . , (preparation stage), (incubation stage),
A-ha moment (illumination stage), , , (verification stage)
(Kozobelt et al., 2010: 31 ). , (incubation stage) (illumination
stage) , , , , . (Characters) (categorized) (Feist & Barron,
2003). , (unique patterns of thinking and behavior) (enduring or
consistent) (Feist, 2010: 114), (pattern) . --
(cognitive-affective-psychomotor) Bloom
--(cognition-affection-action) Berkowitz(2011) (Seider, 2012: 22
).
27. . 19 () , , . . , , -- . , -- 3 (Seider, 2012: 33),
(Peterson & Seligman, 2004: 110-111), (Feist, 2010: 114-115). ,
. , (stable patterns) (possibility of change)(Peterson &
Seligman, 2004: 10), . 3. Heckman . . , ? (Heckman & Masterov,
2007; Heckman, Moon & Pinto, 2010).
28. 21 (): 20 , , , , , , . , . (personality traits),
(character strengths), (character skills) (OECD, 2006; Paul, 2013).
. , , (Feist & Barron, 2003). , , (Feist, 2010: 120). ,
(intelligence) , (Kim, 2005), . , (Jausovec, 2000), (Katz, 1986;
Martindale et al., 1984). , . 4. : . Guilford(1950) Torrance(1959),
Vygotsky(1967, 2004) .
29. . 21 (Wells & Claxton, 2002), (Craft, 2005). ,
Pestalozzi, Froebel, Peabody (Feldman & Benjamin, 2006). , , .
, . , , , . Guilford(1950) , . Vygotsky(1967, 2004) . (Genetic
Epistemology) Piaget Duckworth(1972, 2006) . Critical
exploration(Duckworth, 2006: 157) , , , , , . , (Duckworth, 2006:
1-30). , , (Duckworth, 2006: 157-192). , ,
30. 21 (): 22 . (, 2012b) . , . , , . () ? (Meno) (Elgin,
1999), - Kohlberg Aristotle Kant . - - Kohlberg . (learning by
doing) Aristotle (catechism of right) Kant (Fullinwider, 1989). , ,
, , , . . , , , , .
31. . 23 , , , (divergent thinking), (association),
(meta-cognition) 1) , , (Kozbelt et al., 2010: 31). (intelligence)
, Gardner(1995) 8 . , , Sternberg Lubart(1991) 6 , (), , , , . , ,
, (Barron, 1995; Helson, 1972), , , , (risk taking), (personal
energy), , , (attraction to complexity and novelty), , , (need for
privacy), (heightened perception), , , , (self-accepting), , , , ,
(Davis, 1992). (Nie & Zheng, 2005), . , . , , 1) (convergent
thinking) , . , , (Mednick, 1962; Torrance, 1995; Cropley, 2006
).
32. 21 (): 24 . . . , . , , () (right hemisphere) , , , (left
hemisphere) (Feist, 2010: 118). , (Kaufman, 2010: 221), (Jausovec,
2000), (Katz, 1986; Martindale et al., 1984). , , . . , ,
Gardner(2007) (Moran, 2010: 77). ( , , ) . , , . (standardized
test)
33. . 25 (McNeil, 2000), (quantitative test) . . , (Amabile,
1990; Witt & Boerkem, 1989). : 5 13 . , 65 . , . , , 5 , 12 60
. 13 60 5 , 65, 65 . (Smith & Smith, 2010: 250, ). . ? ? ? . .
, . , , , , , .
34. 21 (): 26 , , , , (Eysenck, 1995), (schizotypal personality
disorder) (Martindale, 2007), , (Kaufman, 2010: 383), . , (Kaufman
et al., 2010: 220), , (Bogen & Bogen, 1988; Carson et al.,
2003; Feist, 2010), , .
35. . 21 1. 2.
36. . 21 29 . 21 1. . ? , . , . (2014) (creative jobs) 2012 294
4 30 , 25% . , 27.6% 44%, 57% . , , (, 2014: 73 ). . Richard(2014)
1960-2009 (unscripted communication) (solving unstructured
problems)
37. 21 (): 30 (routine manual and cognitive tasks) .
Richard(2014) , , , , , . . ? 21 , . , (entrepreneurship) . (2011)
2000 10 (2012) 2000 . , . , 8.1%, 25-29 25% . 2003 , ( , 2012:
381-386 ). , . . (2011) .
38. . 21 31 (bricolage) 21 .2) . IMF , . 2 . 21 , .
Glavenau(2010) Hanna(2005), (2011) , , , . I- We-(, 2011: 110-112).
(2011) (collective intelligence) (collective creativity) .
(knowledge platform), , (, 2011: 71). 21 , , . Martin Prosperity
Institute 2011 (Global Creativity Index) (Tolernce) 2)
(Levi-Strauss, 1962) . (, 2011: 229).
39. 21 (): 32 , (Talent) (Florida et al., 2011). 21 ? , . . ,
OECD(2014) (character skills) (character strength) Heckman (2014)
(Education and Social Progress) 2010 . 21 . . ( & World Bank
Group, 2014) . , (Creativity is dealt as a competency in creative
education, Emphasis on social and emotional competencies with
cognitive competencies in creative education, Strengthening art and
physical education in creative education) ( & World Bank Group,
2014: 146-148). , 21 (character) (Core Values) , , , , , ,
(underpinned) ( & World Bank, 2014: 146 ).
40. . 21 33 (Character and Citizenship Education) (Cristine,
2014). 21 , , , 21 . , . . . 7 , 2007 , . 1 1954 , ( , 2003:
429-430). 1 , 1963 2 ( , 2003: 430). , 1973 3 Bruner , 1982 4 ( ,
2003: 432-434). 5 7
41. 21 (): 34 ( , 2003: 435). 2007 2009 . (Schubert et al.,
2002). (, , , ) . . (2010) , . 2008 ( , 2010: 15-18 ) , , , . . , .
, , (2013), (2013), (2013), (2013), (2012) ,
42. . 21 35 , . (2013) , , (2012a), (2012), (2012), (2010),
(2009) . , (2012), (2012), (2012), (2011; 2010), (2010), (2004),
(1997) . (2013), (2012), (2003) . , , . , , . , , (, 2013). , ( )
21 . , , . , . , .
43. 21 (): 36 2. . OECD: ESP(Education and Social Progress)
OECD (Definition and Selection of Competencies: DeSeCo) . OECD 1997
(PISA) PISA , , , . DeSeCo ( ) , . , , , , , , , , . DeSeCo . , , .
, (reflectiveness) . . DeSeCo . ,
44. . 21 37 (OECD, 2003). 1997 DeSeCo DeSeCo Social Outcomes of
Learning(SOL) , OECD -- (Education and Social Progress: ESP) . , .
(ESP) , . 2011~2012 1 (: (KYPS) ) ( , 2011; , 2012), 2013 2 . OECD
, . 2014 , 2015 ( , 2013). , ESP (character skills) (personality
traits) . ESP . , , . , , , , , .
45. 21 (): 38 [ -1] : OECD(2014). Skills for Social Progress:
24 DeSeCo ESP OECD . OECD , . OECD . . OECD , .
46. . 21 39 . GCI(Global Creativity Index) ( GCI) Martin
Prosperity Institute 2011 (Florida et al., 2011). 90 2004 . 2011 82
GCI . , , GCI . . , , , . GCI , , (Technology), (Talent),
(Tolerance) 3T . . (Technology): . , , . 3 . - R&D (GDP R&D
) - R&D ( ) - (1 ) 1, 2, 3,4,5 . 8 . (Talent): (, ) , , .
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