Slide 1
Chuyn 1. Cht thi rn th & H thng qun l cht thi rnA. th &
Cht thi rn thi; I. th II. Cht thi rn th v thc trng CTR th III. Cc
tc ng nh hng n mi trng th ca CTR; IV. Quy hoch qun l cht thi rn th;
B. H thng qun l cht thi rn th:I.Qun l CTR th II. H thng qun l CTR
th III.Hin trng qun l CTR th ti Vit NamIV. Gii php khc phcC. Cng c
v chin lc qun l CTR Vit nam;Ni dung1. Khi nim: th l khu vc tp trung
dn c sinh sng c mt cao v ch yu hot ng trong lnh vc kinh t phi nng
nghip, l trung tm chnh tr, hnh chnh, kinh t, vn ho. 2. Phn loi: th
c phn thnh 6 loi gm loi c bit, loi I, II, III, IV v V theo cc tiu
ch c bn sau y:a) V tr, chc nng, vai tr, c cu v trnh pht trin kinh t
- x hi ca th; b) Quy m dn s;c) Mt dn s;d) T l lao ng phi nng
nghip;) Trnh pht trin c s h tng.A. TH V CHT THI RN THI. th
Theo Bo co mi trng quc gia nm 2011- Cht thi rnH thng giao thng,
thng tin lin lc cung cp nng lng, chiu sng cng cng, cp nc, thot nc,
x l cht thi, thng tin lin lc, cy xanh cng vin v cc cng trnh h tng k
thut khc; 3. Cc iu kin h tng k thut thy l nhng c s vt cht, nhng cng
trnh phc v cho cuc sng hng ngy ca ngi dn, n l nhng cng trnh mang
tnh dch v cng cng.
S lng th cc loi qua cc nm t 2005 2015 v d tnh n nm 2025Theo Bo
co mi trng quc gia nm 2011- Cht thi rn Tc th ha din ra nhanh chng H
tng k thut pht trin , KT-XH pht trin pht sinh CTR th to ra sc p v
nhiu mt, suy gim cht lng mi trng v pht trin khng bn vng. Cc hot ng
sn xut, sinh hot tnglng cht thi cng tng theo.- Qu trnh th ha Vit
Nam ang din ra rt mnh m, th pht trin ko theo vn di dn t nng thn ra
thnh th. - Nm 2015 dn s th l 35 triu ngi chim 38% dn s c nc, d bo n
nm 2020 l 44 triu ngi chim 45% dn s c nc, nm 2025 l 52 triu ngi
chim 50% dn s c nc.4. Pht trin thTheo Bo co mi trng quc gia nm
2011- Cht thi rnII. Cht thi rn th v hin trng CTR th ti Vit Nam Cht
thi rn l cht thi th rn, c thi ra t qu trnh sn xut, kinh doanh, dch
v, sinh hot hoc cc hot ng khc. Cht thi rn bao gm cht thi rn thng
thng v cht thi rn nguy hi.(Theo Ngh nh 59/2007/N-CP v Qun l cht thi
rn)1. Khi nim:- T cc khu dn c- T cc trung tm thng mi;- T cc cng s,
trng hc, cng trnh cng cng;- T cc dch v th, sn bay;- T cc hot ng cng
nghip;- T cc hot ng xy dng th;- T cc TXL nc, h thng that nc- T hoat
ng y t.
Sinh hot Thng mi
Sn xut CN
Xy dng th
Cng vin
Cng rnh, TXL
Vn phng
Y t2. Ngun gc:Loi CTR th theo cc ngun pht sinh khc nhau
- Theo v tr hnh thnh: phn bit cht thi rn trong nh, ngoi nh, trn
ng ph, ch,- Theo thnh phn l ha hc: phn bit theo cc thnh phn hu c, v
c; chy c, khng chy c, kim loi, phi kim loi,- Theo bn cht ngun pht
sinh: cht thi rn sinh hot; cht thi rn cng nghip; cht thi rn xy dng;
cht thi rn nng nghip,- Theo mc nguy hi: cht thi khng nguy hi; cht
thi nguy hi; cht thi y t nguy hi.Cht thi rn nguy hi
Cht thi rn y t nguy hi
Cht thi rn khng nguy hiPhn loi CTR theo mc nguy hi !!!3. Phn
loi:4. S lngLng cht thi rn pht sinh ton quc nm 2007 - 2010
Theo Bo co mi trng quc gia nm 2011- Cht thi rn
Ch s pht sinh CTR sinh hot bnh qun u ngi ti cc th nm 2009=>
Ch s pht sinh ln nht thuc v nhng th pht trin du lch. Tip theo l th
pht trin v cng nghip, dch v.
Lng CTR pht sinh ti mt s tnh thnh 2010 Trng im gia tng lng CTR
th thuc v cc th c tc th ha, cng nghip ha cao. (H Ni, TP.HCM, Nng,
ng Nai, Bnh Dng,)Nhng ni khc tc th ha khng cao nn lng tng khng
nhiu.
T l pht sinh CTR sinh hot ti cc th Vit Nam u nm 2007Lng CTR pht
sinh cc th Vit Nam u nm 2007Thnh phn CTR th ph thuc vo mc sng, thu
nhp mi th. Bao gm: Cht hu c, ti nilon, cao su, nha, giy, catton, gi
vn, kim loi, thy tinh, s, gm, t,, ct, gch vn,bn, mt s thnh phn nguy
hi...
Thnh phn CTR th l mt thut ng dng m t tnh cht v ngun gc cc yu t
ring bit cu thnh nn dng cht thi, thng thng c tnh bng phn trm khi
lngThng tin v thnh phn CTR ng vai tr rt quan trng trong vic nh gi v
la chn nhng thit b thch hp x l, cc quy trnh x l cng nh vic hoch nh
cc h thng, chng trnh v k hoch qun l 3R
5. Thnh phn:Thnh phn cht thi rn u vo bi chn lp ti mt s th ti Vit
Nam
Theo s liu thng k ca Bo co mi trng quc gia nm 2011- cht thi rnT
l cao nht l rc hu c (thc phm tha, sn phm lm vn,..)
Th hai l t sn phm nha (bao b, nha tiu dng,)
T l t v ct (xy dng th) mt s ni chim t l ng k
Lng pht sinh CTR: theo bo co nm 2009, trn c nc:- CTR thng thng
CTR sinh hot: 19 triu tn/nm 28 triu tn/nm CTR CN: 6,68 triu tn/nm
CTR Y t: 2,12 triu tn/nm- CTR nguy hi: 700 nghn tn/nm (bo co ca
35/63 tnh thnh)Tc pht sinh CTR: (CTR th) Trung bnh46% pht sinh t
KT10%-16%/nm17% pht sinh t SXCN34% pht sinh t NT&YTThnh phn pht
sinh: (CTR th)- CTR sinh hot: 60%-70%- Thnh phn SX phn hu c:
54%-77%- Thnh phn nha: 8%-16%- Thnh phn KL: 2%- Thnh phn NH: Yu cu
gii quyt lng CTR tng thm mi nm
6. Hin trng CTR th Vit NamD bo lng CTR th pht sinh ti 2025
T l cc CTR t cc hot ng 2008 v xu hng n 2015
11
7. Hin trng CTR th NngLng pht sinh CTR sinh hot ti Nng ti
2009
Thnh phn CTR sinh hot ti Nng
D bo xu hng pht sinh CTR SH ti Nng n 2020=> Nhn chung l lng
CRT SH ca Nng tng dn qua cc nm do tc th ha cao, s gia tng dn s, m
rng sn xut, dch v.
Lng pht sinh CTR cng nghip ti Nng d bo ti 2020 Chim 60% - 70%
CTR th Hu ht cha c phn loi ti ngun m chung a n bi chn lp Pht sinh
cc bi thi t pht t thi quen x rc ba bi -> gy mi hi, mt m quan,
pht tn rc, khng phn nh trch nhim thu gom, gy phn tn CTR. Cn ln CTNH
s lng cn tr giao thng, mt m quan. Mt phn nh c c nhn t pht thu gom
(bao b giy, vt t in nc, st thp,...)
Lng CTR XD mt s th nm 2009
Bi thi CTR XD t phtThi b CTR XD trn lng ng
X l hnh vi thi CTR XD ba bi
Ph liu st thp xy dng c thu muab. CTR xy dng: 14c. Bn thi C 6 loi
bn thi thng pht sinh t nhng ni sau: h thng thot nc th; t h thng
thot nc thi cng nghip; no vt knh, rch; b t hoi, b pht; TXL nc (nc
cp, nc thi); bn t cng trnh xy dng. Vit Nam hin c 774 th, nhng ch c
khong trn 20 th c trm/nh my x l nc thi tp trung v s dng cng ngh x l
nc thi khc nhau v ang a vo vn hnh khai thc. S lng n v nhn ht bn,
thu gom l rt ln. (nhiu nht l khi t nhn)Thng k t Cty TNHH MTV MTT H
Ni, lng thu gom ti 4 qun ni thnh v cc tri giam khong 6.698 tn cha k
t sn bay Ni Bi. Trong khi , cng sut TXL phn bn ch khong 50 tn/ng.
Trong 6 thng u nm 2014, ch c 200 tn c cc n v t nhn chuyn n TXL.Ti
TP.HCM lng bn thi pht sinh tng cng khong 5.000 - 6.000 tn/ngy. Bn
thi ri vo tnh trng tha thu gom nhng thiu x l, hoc quy m x l cn yu
Nhiu n v t nhn thu gom nhng x b ln xung HTTN, khu vc ho lnh, t dn c
nhm trn chi ph x l, m khng quan tm n hu qu. Ngh nh s 88/2007/N-CP v
thot nc th v khu cng nghip => mi ch quy nh phi no vt nh k cng v
cha c ni dng v thu gom, vn chuyn, x l bn thi. Mi nht Ngh nh s
80/2014/N-CP v thot nc v x l nc thi => quy nh c bn v qun l bn
thi t b t hoi cng nh ti s dng bn thi => cha c th ha tiu ch la
chn CN, quy chun k thut lin quan n bn thi (thu gom, vn chuyn, x l,
sn phm sau x l,..) Thiu mt quy hoch v x l bn thi d lng bn thi l rt
ln Hot ng no vt bn cn ch yu l th cng, thiu c gii ha. Mt s bi cha bn
cha thu gom c nc bn.15- Vn cn CSCN thi b ln CTR, t x l bng chn lp.
Nhiu c s, lng ngh hot ng ti ch CRT, trong c c nhng CTR nguy hi, li
tip tc gy nhim do phng thc th cng, Mi ch CTR CN thng thng c thu
gom, x l ti cc BCL Cn thiu nhng n v chuyn trch c kh nng x l CTCN c
tnh nguy hi. CTR CN vn c nhiu CSSX lch lut nhp v nc.Nhp khu tu b c
ph d lm ph liuMt gc lng ti ch ph thi CN Quan - Bc Ninh
Hin trng thi ln CTR CN ti Bin Ha - ng Naid. CTR cng nghip:
16e. CTR in t: Trung bnh lng RTT thi b trong mt nm VN khong 90
nghn tn (Theo thng k ca Trung tm pht trin v hi nhp-2014) Cha c h
thng thu gom, ti ch, x l CTR in t chnh thc khu vc cng. khu vc t, mt
s c nhn nhn thu gom, ti ch nhng cng ngh th cng, hiu sut thp, khng
kim sot c thi b thnh phn khng ti ch c, nhim t cng vic ny. Mt phn
CTR in t khng hon ton c thi b m c ti s dng li di dng hng c. ->
khng qua bt k khu kim nh an ton. Mt phn CTR in t vn cn ln vo CTR
SH. Khng kim sot c vic nhp nhng sn phm in t b thi ra nc pht
trin.
Mt c s ti ch CTRT th cngTi s dng li CTR in t
CTRT vn cn c nhp vo VN17nh hng n mi trng khng kh nh hng n mi
trng nc nh hng n mi trng tnh hng n sc kho, i sng con nginh hng n
hot ng kinh t-x hiIII. Cc tc ng nh hng n mi trng th ca CTR
T l mc bnh ca cc x chu nh hng ca bi rc (nhm nghin cu) v x khng
chu nh hng (nhm i chng) ti Lng Sn.NNC: x Qung Lc & x Hong ngNC:
x Hp Thnh & x Mai Pha
M quan th thay i tiu cc do rc thiNc r rc ti KXL rc Tc tin-Vng
Tu18IV. Quy hoch qun l cht thi rn th1. Quy hoch qun l cht thi rn th
l cng tc iu tra, kho st, d bo ngun v tng lng pht thi cc loi cht thi
rn th; xc nh v tr, quy m cc im thu gom, trm trung chuyn, tuyn vn
chuyn v cc c s x l cht thi rn; xc nh phng thc thu gom, x l cht thi
rn; xy dng k hoch v ngun lc nhm x l trit cht thi rn.2. Ni dung quy
hoch qun l cht thi rn:a) iu tra, nh gi, d bo cc ngun pht thi, thnh
phn, tnh cht v tng khi lng cc cht thi rn thng thng v nguy hi;b) nh
gi kh nng phn loi ti ngun v kh nng ti ch, ti s dng cht thi rn th;c)
Xc nh v tr, quy m cc im thu gom, trung chuyn, c s x l v chn lp cht
thi rn th;d) Xc nh phng thc thu gom, tuyn ng vn chuyn cht thi rn;)
xut cc tiu ch cn t c khi la chn cng ngh x l cht thi rn;e) Xy dng k
hoch v ngun lc thc hin bo m thng k y v x l trit tt c cc loi cht thi
rn.QLCTRT l s kt hp kim sot ngun thi, thu gom, lu tr, vn chuyn, x l
cht thi rn theo phng thc tt nht nhm m bo khng nh hng n sc khe cng
ng, tha mn cc yu t v kinh t, k thut, bo tn ti nguyn thin nhin, gi
gn cnh quang th v hn ch cc vn mi trng lin quanI. Qun l cht thi rn
thB. H thng qun l cht thi rn th1. Khi nim2. Ni dung1. Ban hnh cc
chnh sch, vn bn php lut v hot ng qun l cht thi rn, tuyn truyn, ph
bin, gio dc php lut v qun l cht thi rn v hng dn thc hin cc vn bn
ny.2. Ban hnh quy chun v tiu chun k thut p dng cho hot ng qun l cht
thi rn.3. Qun l vic lp, thm nh, ph duyt v cng b quy hoch qun l cht
thi rn.4. Qun l qu trnh u t cho thu gom, vn chuyn, xy dng cng trnh
x l cht thi rn.5. Thanh tra, kim tra v x l vi phm php lut trong qu
trnh hot ng qun l cht thi rn.iu 5. Ni dung qun l nh nc v cht thi rn
(Ngh nh 59/2007/N-CP)- V sc khe: bo v sc khe cng ng, ngn nga nh hng
xu ca cht thi rn ti cng ng. V bo v mi trng: ngn nga nhim v bo v cht
lng lng mi trng V kinh t: tng hiu qu, nng sut kinh t, huy ng vn x
hi ha.- V x hi: to cng cn vic lm, gia tng s quan tm ca cng ng vi vn
mi trng.- Phi thu gom v vn chuyn ht cht thi - Phi bo m vic thu gom,
x l c hiu qu theo ngun kinh ph nh nht nhng li thu c kt qu cao nht.
Bo m sc khe cho i ng nhng ngi lao ng trc tip tham gia - p dng c cc
cng ngh v k thut, trang thit b x l tin tin; - o to i ng cn b qun l
v lao ng c y kin thc, kinh nghim v lng yu ngh, c trch nhim vi vn mi
trng ca t nc.- Ph hp vi c ch qun l chung ca nh nc theo hng kinh t
th trng.Mc tiu:3. Yu cu- Ngun pht sinh- Tn tr ti ngun- Thu gom -
Trung chuyn v vn chuyn - Ti ch v x l - Tiu hy (Bi chn lp)II. H thng
qun l cht thi rn th
Cu trc tng qut ca mt HTQLCTRT- Php lut v QLCTR- H thng t chc qun
l- Quy hoch qun l- Cng ngh x l1. Cu trc2. Thnh phn
S H THNG TNG TH QUN L CTR SINH HOT TI ViT NAM3. H thng qun l cht
thi rn thS h thng t chc qun l CTR cp trung ng
Theo s liu thng k ca Bo co mi trng quc gia nm 2011- cht thi rn3.
H thng qun l cht thi rn thH thng qun l hnh chnh cht thi rn th ti
Tha Thin Hu
3. H thng qun l cht thi rn thH thng qun l hnh chnh cht thi rn th
ti Tp.HCMTheo s liu thng k ca Bo co mi trng quc gia nm 2011- cht
thi rn3. H thng qun l cht thi rn th
Lut php, chnh sch v qun l CTR Lut BVMT 1993 2005 2014 -> cp
nht, b sungQuyt nh s 2149/2009/Q-TTg v Chin lc quc gia v Qun l cht
thi rn n nm 2025, tm nhn ti nm 2050Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP v. qun l
cht thi rn.Quyt nh43/2007/Q-BYTv quy ch qun l cht thi y t Chnh sch
p dng qun l 3R (Chin lc quc gia QLCTR) Chnh sch v x hi ha qun l CTR
(Ngh nh s 69/2008/N-CP v chnh sch khuyn khch x hi ha) Chnh sch thu,
ph i vi CTR (Ngh nh s 67/2011/N-CP hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut
Thu BVMT; Ngh nh s 174/2007/N-CP v ph bo v mi trng i vi CTR)Chnh
sch v cng ngh x l CTR (Quyt nh s 798/Q-TTg ph duyt Chng trnh u t x
l cht thi rn giai on 2011 2020)Cc d tho Ngh nhquy nh v qun l cht
thi v ph liu; qun l xy dng c s x l cht thi rn,III. Hin trng qun l
CTR th Vit Nam27Khi qun l hnh chnh cc cp v phn cng trch nhimBXD
-> quy hoch qun l CTR; x l CTR T, lng ngh, KDC nng thn, khu dch
v,..BCT -> hng dn, kim tra thc hin php lut BVMT v qun l CTR
CNBYT -> ch o, hng dn, kim tra v qun l CTR y tBNN&PTNT ->
hng dn, kim tra thc hin php lut BVMT v qun l CTR NNBTNMT - >
trch nhim qun l BVMT ni chung; qun l CTNH; phi hp vi b khc ban hnh
vn bn v qun l CTR (chnh sch, chin lc, k hoch, phn b ngn sch nghin
cu, ph duyt bo co mi trng)Cc b khc: BKHT& BTC -> xy dng chnh
sch u i kinh t trong QLCTRBTT&TT -> hng dn tuyn truyn v qun
l CTRBKH&CN -> phi hp cc b khc thm nh cng ngh x l CTRCp a
phng: SXD -> qun l CTR sinh hot, BCL STN&MT -> gim st
CLMT, qun l thc hin vn bn v QLCT do c quan cp trn ban hnh; tham mu
cho c quan cp trn, Cng ty MTT - > cng ty cng ch m nhn thu gom,
vn chuyn, x l CTR tnh, thnh ph; m nhn chc nng khc nhau mi a
phng.III. Hin trng qun l CTR th Vit Nam28 Quy hoch qun l CTR theo
vng v a phngBan hnh cc Quyt nh s 1440/2008/Q-TTg v Quy hoch xy dng
khu x l CTR 3 vng KTT Bc B, min Trung v pha Nam n nm 2020, v Quyt
nh s 1873/2010/Q-TTg v Quy hoch xy dng khu x l CTR vng KTT vng
BSCL.Mt s a phng c quy hoch nh TP.HCM, Quang Ninh, Bnh nh, ak
lak.
Mt s quy hoch KXL CTR cp vng cho vng KTTD (Trch Bo co mi trng
quc gia 2011)III. Hin trng qun l CTR th Vit Nam29So snh mc thc hin
cc ch tiu v qun l CTR t ra n nm 2010 trong Chin lc bo v mi trng quc
gia theo Quyt nh s 256/2003/Q-TTg ngy 02/12/2003
T l thu gom CTR ti cc th nm 2009 Nhn chung, t l thu gom cha t
hon ton 100%, t l cao nht thuc v th loi c bit, th trc thuc T. T l
thp dn cc th loi thp hn. Kt qu thc hin ch tiu qun l CTR mi ch gn t
mt s ch tiu, hu ht l cha t, s a phng bo co cn thp so vi tng s c
nc.III. Hin trng qun l CTR th Vit Nam S ng gp khi nh nc v t nhn vo
cng tc qun l CTR. Khi nh nc v ang c ng gp khng nh: cc cng ty, x
nghip MTT chu trch nhim chnh trong cng tc qun l, thu gom, x l
CTRT.Khi t nhn tham gia ngy cng nhiu vo cng tc qun l CTR, cc cng ty
TNHH thnh ph, cc t i, hp tc x nng thn.
Cng tc thanh tra, kim tra, x l vi phm v qun l CTRCc hot ng
thanh-kim tra, gim st tp trung vo cc vn mi trng bc xc; x l cc c s
gy nhim. Vic pht hin nhiu c s vi phm trong qun l CTR qua cc nm l
cnh bo i vi vic thc hin qun l CTR cn lng v thiu rn e.Cng tc gio dc,
truyn thng bc u thu ht c s quan tm ca cng ngHp tc quc t cung cp mt
ngun ti chnh ng kIII. Hin trng qun l CTR th Vit NamTP.HCM, 40% lng
thu gom do n v cng thc hin, 60% do n v t nh cng ty TNHH, lc lng thu
gom dn lp. -> t l thu gom rt cao t 95% trong khi lng CTR pht
sinh kh ln 5.128 tn/ngy.31Hin trng qun l CTR th Nng- Nng vn cha xy
dng quy hoach qun l CTR- CTR hin vn cha c ti ch, phn loi v c chn lp
chung.- Phng php x l l chn lp, din tch bi chn lp 48,3ha d kin 2020
s ng ca bi chn lp. - Nng c 1 l t CTNH, cng sut 200kg/hMi ngy Cng ty
TNHH MTV Mi Trng th Nng thu gom c 630 tn CTR cc loi. T l thu gom c
tnh t t 90-92% lng rc pht sinh trn a bn thnh phTrong t trng cc loi
cht thi thu gom c th cht thi sinh hot chim trn 80%, cn li l cc loi
cht thi cng nghip, cht thi y t khng nguy hi v nguy hiTi 6 qun ca
thnh ph, cng tc thu gom rc thi c thc hin hng ngy, t l thu gom rc ta
khu vc ni thnh t trn 97% khi lng rc pht sinh trn a bn. Ring huyn Ha
Vang, cng tc thu gom CTR mi c thc hin ti cc khu dn c nm ven quc l,
tnh l v cc chNgun Hin trng qun l CTR trn a bn TP Nng, Cc kim sot
nhim, TCMT,2011 Th ch, chnh sch cn nhiu hn chThiu mt u mi ban hnh
chung do s phn tn ca h thng qun l -> cng mt vn QL CTR nhng li
nhiu c quan khc nhau ban hnh.Thiu cc hng dn thc thi QL CTR v cc yu
t quan trng nh nhn lc, t chc, hng dn k thut .. Ch ti x l vi phm cn
thiu sc rn e. Phn cng, phn nhim cn chng cho nhauNhiu c quan cng chu
trch nhim qun l vi mt loi CTR nh BXD qun l, CTR sinh hot; CTRCN do
BXD v BCT qun l; CRT lng ngh do BXD, BCT , BNG qun l. Trong khi
BTNMT chu trch nhim qun l CTR v nguyn tc. -> phn tn, kh khn
trong thc hin cc chng trnh QL CTR do khng thng nht. cp a phng, chc
nng qun l CTR v nguyn tc ca SMT, nhng CTR SH li do SXD qun l.Mi a
phng khc nhau, chc nng qun l CTR li thuc v n v khc nhau, nh SXD (H
Ni, Hi Phng,) UBND ( Nng, TP.HCM,) -> khng thng nht u mi qun l
cp a phngThiu mt c quan tp trung qun l thng tin, d liu v CTRMt s hn
ch tn ti33 Quy hoch qun l CTR cn cha ph hp hoc cn thiu.Cc quy hoch
qun l CTR theo vng, lin vng khng ph hp vi qun l CTR DDT m ch ph hp
vi qun l CTNH.Cng tc qun l CTNH cn cha mang tnh vng. cp a phng, hu
ht cha c quy hoch qun l CTR, ni dung quy hoch cn hn ch trong qun l
thu gom, vn chuyn, x l, chn BCL -> thiu quy hoch tng th qun l
CRT -> thiu cn c trin khai d n c th.Ni dung quy hoch cn thiu quy
hoch, qun l i vi cc BCL ngng hot ng.Khi nh nc cn cha c u t y Ngun
nhn lc ch yu l cng nhn, li xe thu gom -> lao ng ph thng -> p
ng thu gom th cng (70% nhn lc)Nhn lc cn b ch yu c kinh nghim do cng
tc lu nm; b phn cn b c trang b y d kin thc, chuyn mn cn thiu. Cng
tc x hi ha cn yu.Cng ng cn yu t duy chia s trch nhim trong QL CTR
Vn bn hng dn x hi ha cn thiu (hng dn thi hnh, u i khi t nhn,)Mt s
hn ch tn ti34 Phn b ti chnh cn thiu cn iHin nay, phn b ngn sch dnh
ti 90% cho cng tc thu gom, vn chuyn CTRChi ph dnh cho x l CTR cn
thpMc ph cho hot ng qun l CRT thu t h gia nh mi ch p ng gn 60% tng
chi ph vn hnh, duy tu bo dng h thng. Mt s ni ch khong 20%-30% ->
thu khng b chi.Vic vay vn phc v cho qun l CTR ca khi t nhn (xy dng
h tng, thit b) cn gp kh khn t pha ngn hng.Hn ch trong hp tc quc tMt
s cng ngh , thit b x l CTR theo ng hp tc tc quc t cha hin i hoc
khng ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam.Cc chng trnh hp tc quc t cn b ng lnh
vc qun l, x l CTNH.Hin c 7 quc gia chuyn giao cng ngh vo Vit Nam,
nh M, Ty Ban Nha, Hn Quc, an Mch, B, Php. Nhng cng ngh x l cht thi
rn ca Vit Nam c B Xy dng cng nhn ch yu l cng ngh sinh hc lm phn hu
c v cng ngh t.Mt s hn ch tn ti35 Cha ngn chn, qun l c vic nhp khu
CTR t nc ngoi.Thiu quy nh phn nh ph liu v cht thi nn cc doanh nghip
lch lut nhp rc thi bn cnh ph liu, thm ch c CTNH nh c-quy, du
thi,Pht hin ch yu trong cc l hng l ph liu st thp, nha, ng, nhm cha
c lm sch; giy, cao su, silicon, nylon, my mc, thit b c lc hu, cha
CTNH hoc l hng l CTNHGn y nht, Chnh ph ban hnh Quyt nh s
73/2014/Q-TTg v quy nh danh mc ph liu c php nhp khu t nc ngoi lm
nguyn liu sn xut.
Thanh tra, kim tra hot ng nhp cng CRT vo Vit NamMt s hn ch tn
ti36 i vi khi qun l hnh chnh: Hon thin vn bn php lut v CTRB sung vn
bn vi cc loi CTR c th (CTR sinh hot, nng thn, bn thi, ph liu)Tng ch
ti x pht trong vi phm qun l CTRXy dng cc vn bn v qun l thng tin
thng nht CTR Hon thin b my, xa b chng cho trong b my qun l CTRQuy
qun l CTR v mt u mi chung duy nht, cp T l BTN&MT v cp a phng l
c quan chuyn mn tng ng. Cc c quan khc c chc nng phi hp cng thc
hin.T chc, phn quyn theo 2 nhm: nhm theo hng ch o, nh hng qun l CTR
v nhm thi hnh, trin khai nhim v qun l CTRXy dng chin lc o to ngun
cn b c chuyn mn, trnh , bn cnh nng cao kin thc cho lc lng hin ti
(tp hun, chng ch) Xy dng quy hoch qun l CTR, la chn cng ngh x l ph
hpYu cu cc a phng phi lp quy hoch qun l CTR cho mnhQuy hoch, xy dng
mi cc c c x l CTR hp v sinh cp tinh cho CTR SH, cp vng, lin tinh
cho CTNH.Hn ch chn lp, u tin cng ngh x l tin tin hn ph hp vi a
phngIV. GII PHP KHC PHC37 i vi cng ng: y mnh x hi ha ngun lc qun l
CTRB sung quy ch u i cho khi t nhn, thu ht thm s tham gia ca khi
ny.y mnh ni a ha ngun lc trong cng ngh, thit b. Tng cng nng cao nhn
thc cng ngS dng phng tin truyn thng tuyn truyn; gio dc trong trng
hcPh bin thng tin v CTR, qun l CTR (tc hi ca CTR, li ch t phn loi
ti ngun, c hi t CTR )Khuyn khch thay i hnh vi x thi (vt rc ng ni
quy nh, phn loi rc thi)IV. GII PHP KHC PHC
Hy b rc vo thng rc
Gio dc cho tr em v hnh vi vt rc ng
Cc phong tro ca cng ng phc v cho tuyn truyn 38 i vi cng tc thu
gom v vn chuyn: ng b gia phn loi ti ngun v thu gom (thit b, phng
tin thu gom hin nay ch yu l thu gom chung cc loi CTR) Nghin cu phng
php thu gom mi nhm t t l thu gom cao nht (thu gom theo gi, thu gom
trc tip bng xe cun p) Phn cng nhim v gia cc khi gii quyt trit nhng
bi thi t pht. M rng thu gom ring vi mt s loi CTR sinh hot nguy hi
(pin, n neon, v sn,..) i vi cng tc x l: Hn ch nhng nh hng ca BCL l
thin (mi, nc r rc,) u tin hn cho cng ngh mi ( sinh hc, t) hn ch lng
chn lp. Quy hoch li cc lng ngh hot ng trong lnh vc ti ch CTR (a im,
h thng x l cht thi, t vn cng ngh ti ch)IV. GII PHP KHC PHC
39Mt s gii php qun l c th CTR th:- Khuyn khch thay i hnh vi (phn
loi, b rc ng ni qui nh,)- Kt hp c s sn xut hn ch dn sn phm khng thn
thin.- ng b ha khu phn loi v thu gom bng thay i phng tin. CTR Cng
nghip: Tng cng sn sut sch hn. Kim sot vic nhp khu ph liu, rc thi t
nc ngoi. Khuyn khch, u i cho doanh nghip p dng nhng tiu chun qun l
tin tin hn trong sn xut. CTR Xy dng: Xy dng im tp kt v ti s dng CTR
xy dng X pht nng hnh vi x thi ngoi phm vi cng trnh.IV. GII PHP KHC
PHC
40
No vt cng ch yu vn cn th cng, thiu c gii ha Mt bi thi trm bn thi
TP.HCM H Ni, UBND TP yu cu Cty TNHH MTV Mi trng th H Ni y nhanh tin
hon thnh cc hng mc nng cp Trm x l phn bn b pht Cu Din t 50 tn/ng ln
300 tn/ng.
Mt h chn bn thi ca mt n v mi trng t nhn ng NaiIV. GII PHP KHC
PHC Bn thi: B sung thm tiu ch k thut, quy chun k thut, hng dn thi
hnh i vi bn thi cho cc vn bn hin hnh. Cn c quy nh v lp quy hoch i
vi bn thi (hin trng khi lng, thu gom, vn chuyn, d bo tng lai, cc
im, khu vc thi b, x l). Nng cp cng sut cc TXL hin c, hoc xy mi. C
gii ha cng tc no vt, ht bn thi tng hiu qu; trang b thm bo h lao ng.
Thit k cc bi cha bn hp l nc r c thu gom v x l.41C. Cng c v chin lc
qun l CTR Vit NamI. Cng c Cc tiu chunCc loi giy phpCc cng c kinh
tCc l ph- Ph ngi s dng dch v (ph ngi dng- Cc ph b- Cc ph sn phmCc
khon tr cpCc h thng k qu - hon trCc khuyn khch cng ch thi hnhTiu
chun k thut v tiu chun vn hnh c p dng cho lu cha, thu gom vn chuyn
cht thi rn, cng nh qun l, vn hnh, bo dng cc phng tinThi hn ca giy
php; s gim st bi ngi gi giy php; loi v s lng cht thi, cc phng php
gii quyt cht thi; cc bin php phng cn c; Chin lc qun l CTR Vit Nam c
ph duyt theo Quyt nh 2149/Q-TTg v ban hnh ph duyt chin lc quc gia v
qun l tng hp cht thi rn n nm 2025, tm nhn n nm 2050. Tm nhn ti
2050Tt c cc loi CTR pht sinh u c thu gom, ti s dng, ti ch, x l trit
bng cng ngh tin tin, thn thin vi mi trng, ph hp vi iu kin ca tng a
phng.Hn ch ti a khi lng CTR phi chn lp. Mt s gii php chin lc c
cpHon thin h thng VBPL v c ch chnh sch, ngun lc thc hin v QLCTRQuy
hoch qun l CTR cho tt c tnh thnh. Quy hoch xy dng khu x l n tn phng
x, v tt c cc vng KTTThit lp c s d iu, quan trc v CTR ton qucThc y
nghin cu khoa hc -> thc y ni a ha trong cng ngh, thit b,Tuyn
truyn, giao dc nng cao nhn thc cng ng Tng cng hp tc quc t ->
tranh th vn, k thut, cch thc qun lII. Chin lc qun l CTR Vit
Nam43Trn Hiu Nhu, ng Quc Dng, Nguyn Th Kim Thi. Qun l cht thi rn.
Tp: 1. Cht thi rn th. NXB KHKT 2001.Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP V qun l
cht thi rnThng t s 13 /2007/TT-BXD Hng dn mt s iu ca Ngh nh
59/2007/N-CP ngy 9/4/2007 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht thi rn.Quyt nh s
2149/Q-TTg ngy 17 thng 12 nm 2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph v ph duyt Chin
lc quc gia v qun l tng hp CTR n nm 2025Cc bo co mi trng quc gia
2011 cht thi rnCng thng tin in t cc tnh, thnh.Ti liu tham kho
chnhXIN CHN THNH CM N!
