Download pdf - Pragyan Talk 100227

© Ramesh Jain Pragyan, February 27, 2010 1

RameshJain

[email protected]

Regaining Intellectual Leadership


ANewStar

Who is on Left?

Who is on Right?

Where is K R Sridhar from?

REC, Trichy.


DiscussionToday

•  Personalnote•  India:ThenandNow•  Somefacts

•  SharinganddisseminaAngExperiences

•  RoleofTechnology•  AnOpportunity


PersonalNote:Apassage

•  Spentfirst12yearsoflifereadingincandlelight.Now…readonKindleamongotherthings.

•  AsaRegionalCollegeofEngineering(Nagpur)student,wasagainstleavingIndia.But,endedup(withtheprivilegeof)experiencingtheEastandtheWestandmore.

•  Wouldlovetocontributemybit.


Ajourneyinlifebeginswithunderstanding:

• Whereyouare,

• Whereyouwanttobe,and

• Whatareconstraintsandtechniquesavailable.


AndThen

•  BePassionateaboutthegoal,•  Thinkout‐of‐the‐box,•  Beirreverent,and•  ThinktheUnthinkableandjustdoit.


Einstein

•  Learnfromyesterday,livefortoday,hopefortomorrow.TheimportantthingisnottostopquesAoning.

•  Onceweacceptourlimits,wegobeyondthem.


LeadershipofIndia:Wellrecognized

Indiahadthestartofthewholeworldinthebeginningofthings.Shehadthefirstciviliza8on;shehadthefirstaccumula8onofmaterialwealth;shewaspopulouswithdeepthinkersandsubtleintellects;shehadmines,andwoods,andafrui?ulsoul.

Mark Twain


Nalanda•  Thefirstgreatuniversityinrecordedhistory.•  Startedin5thCentury.


TodaythecountrythatcreatedNalanda:

•  Literacyrate61%‐‐147thoutof177Countries•  NoIndianUniversityintop100intheWorld

•  EvenamongAsianuniversiAesthefirstnameappearsat30thplace.


Mohenjo‐daroandHarappa2600BC

•  TopciAesintheworld.•  BeberplannedthanmostciAesinIndiatoday.


Mohenjo‐daro


Harappa


IndiaToday

•  InPerCapitaincome:165th($3,100)outof212countries.

•  1.5PersonalComputersper100people– UShas76.2– Switzerlandhas86.2(Source:hbp://www.naAonmaster.com/red/graph/med_pc_percap‐media‐number‐pcs‐per‐capita&b_map=1)


ThousandsofEntrepreneurs

•  “ournaAon,thoughithasnodrinkingwater,electricity,sewagesystem,publictransportaAon,senseofhygiene,discipline,courtesy,orpunctuality,doeshaveentrepreneurs.ThousandsandThousandsofthem.”


InnovaAonsinIndia(VikasBajajinNewYorkTimesAr4cle)

•  Mr.RaghavanandotherssayIndiaisheldbackbyafinancialsystemthatisreluctanttoinvestinunprovenideas,aneduca4onsystemthatemphasizesrotelearningoverproblemsolving,andaculturethatlooksdownonfailureandunconven4onalcareerchoices.

•  DidyouseeThreeIdiots?


•  Einstein:TheoryofrelaAvity.•  Turing:DigitalComputer.

•  Curie:X‐rays•  Gutenberg:Moveableprint

•  Edison:ElectricBulb•  .•  .•  .

WhatisthemostimportantinvenAoninthelast1000years?


Itisallabout

ExperienAal

CommunicaAon

amongHumans


Experiences

Life =

Events

+


RecordingExperiences

•  Modes– Visual– Aural– Text– LogofacAviAes– TacAle

•  TechnologyandSharingExperiences


Shareexperiences : Languages


AcrossTime : Writing


Makingitportable : Paper


DemocraAzaAon : Gutenberg’s Movable Press


Telegraph:InstantaneousRemote


Telephone:RemoteSpeech


Photography:RecordingVisualExperience


AudioRecording:ElectricalSignalsenterrecordingspace


Radio:LiveBroadcast


Television:LiveBroadcastcombinestwoMedia


DigitalProcessing


Internet:TheGameChanger

Medium is the message. – McLuhan was right THEN. Medium is just that – Medium. NOW


CommunicaAngExperiences:SpaAalandTemporal

Inventions Application Impact Languages Communicate symbolic experiences

Written Languages Record Symbolic experiences (time)

Paper Portability (space)

Print Mass distribution (time and space)

Telegraph Remote narrow communication (space)

Telephone Remote analog communication (space)

Radio Analog broadcasting of sound (space)

Television Combining two senses – media (space)

Recording media Photos, audio, video (time)

Digital processing Machine enhancement and processing

Internet Interactive Multimedia communication

Most influential Invention in history

Future of Communication


Theonlysourceofknowledgeisexperience.


KnowledgeSocieAes

Theempiresofthefuturearetheempiresofthemind.

WinstonChurchill


DigitalWorld:KnowledgeRevoluAon

•  Limitedtolessthan15%populaAonoftheworld.

•  Toucheslessthan2%ofpopulaAonindevelopingcountries.


DigitalDividend:AnOpportunity

•  Technologyisliberalinrewardsandruthlessinpunishment– Richgetricherandpoorstaypoor

•  AteachtechnologyinflecAonpoint,newleadersemerge.

•  WeareinamajortechnologyinflecAonperiod.Someaggressivecountrieshaveagreatopportunity.

Can that country be India?


WideningGap

•  IncomedisparityraAointhe18thCenturybetweentherichestandthepoorestcountrieswasamere2:1,todayitismorethan100:1.

•  In1988,medianincomeintherichest10percentofcountrieswas77Amesthatinthepoorest10percent;by1999thegaphadgrownto122Ames.


SomeInteresAngFacts:Thenandnow

•  IndiaandChina– Accountedfor40%ofworldtradein1840– Accountedfor3.4%ofworldtradein1998

•  IndiaestablishedthefirstUniversityintheworldinNalanda‐Taxilla– Indiapublishedlessthan2%ofworld’sscienAficresearchpapers(includesIndianjournals)


TurningTime:Almost600YearAgo

•  Columbuswassearchingforfameandfortune–wasgoingtoIndiafor–  Spices– Wealth–  Technology–  Sourceofknowledge

•  GutenberginventedtheprinAngtechnologythatstarted–  Growthofwealthinwest–  DominaAonofwesterntechnology–  Influenceofwesternknowledge


WhyisGutenberg’sMoveablePrintsoinfluenAal?

•  BroughtknowledgecreaAonandaccesstomasses.

•  ResultedinincreasedawarenessofscienAficapproaches.

•  ReducedmisinformaAonandinfluenceofreligions.


IndiamissedthelastdisrupAve‘knowledgerevoluAon’.

HowcanitparAcipateandleadthecurrentdisrupAvewavebroughton

byrecentinnovaAons?


DisrupAveStagesinCompuAng:1

Data: Numbers, Text,

Statistics, Sensors (Video)

Data (Computation)


CompuAng1:Data

•  Device:MainframeandworkstaAons

•  MainapplicaAons:–  ScienAficandengineering–  Business

•  Users:–  Sophis8cated–  Expectedtobetrained





Data (Computation)

Information: Search, Specialized sources

Information (Communication)


CompuAng2:InformaAonandCommunicaAon

•  Device:PCandInternet•  MainapplicaAons:

–  InformaAon

– CommunicaAon

•  Users:– Commonpeoplein‘developedworld’

– Easyaccessusingkeyboards


What Next?




Data (Computation)

Information: Search, Specialized sources

Information (Communication)

Experience: Direct observation or

participation

Experience (Insights)


CompuAng3:Experience

•  Device:Mobilephones•  MainapplicaAons:

– Experiencemanagement

– ExperienAalcommunicaAon

•  Users:– Humans

– Nolanguageissues


Mobileseverywhere


DistribuAonofMobilePhonesRank Country or region Number of mobile phones Population % of population Last updated

— World 4,100,000,000 6,797,100,000[1] 60.6 Dec 2008[2] 1 China 747,380,000 1,335,330,000 55.97 Dec 2009[3] 2 India 525,147,922 1,174,040,000 44.73 Dec 2009[4] 3 United States 276,610,580 308,505,000[1] 89.0 June. 2009[5] 4 Russia 207,900,000 141,915,979 143.2 Feb. 2009[6] 5 Brazil 173,960,000 191,480,630 90.84 Dec. 2009[7][8] [9] 6 Indonesia 140,200,000 231,369,500 60.53 Dec. 2008[10] 7 Japan 107,490,000 127,530,000 84.11 Mar. 2009[11] 8 Germany 107,000,000 81,882,342 130.15 2009[12] 9 Pakistan 97,579,940 168,500,500 59.60 Dec 2009[13] 10 Italy 88,580,000 60,090,400 147.41 Dec.2008[14] 11 Mexico 79,400,000 109,610,000 72.44 Mar.2009[15] 12 United Kingdom 75,750,000 61,612,300 122.95 Dec. 2008[16] 13 Vietnam 70,000,000 87,375,000 80.11 2009[17] 14 Philippines 67,900,000 92,226,600 73.62 Dec. 2008[18] 15 Turkey 66,000,000 71,517,100 92.29 2009[19] 16 Nigeria 64,000,000 154,729,000 41.36 Dec. 2009[20] 17 France 58,730,000 65,073,842 90.25 Dec. 2008[21] 18 Ukraine 55,170,908 46,143,700 119.56 April. 2009[22] 19 Thailand 51,377,000 65,000,000 79.0 2008 20 Spain 50,890,000 45,828,172 111.05 Dec. 2008[23]


WhatisaMobilePhone?

•  Phone •  Camera and an album •  Music system •  Video Game console •  Communication device •  Personal BUTLER •  Computer •  Information source •  … much more

Mobile phone used to be a phone. It is :


AMobilePhoneis

Everybody’s loyal personal multimedia communication and experience associate.


AGreatOpportunity

LeadingtheWorldinbringingnextgenera4oncompu4ng:theFolk

Compu4ng.


Opportunity:FolkCompuAng

TakingCompuAngtoMasses–focusonpeopleinremotepartsofevenunderdevelopedpartsoftheworld.

SocialNetworkingasadrivingapplicaAon.

MaysolvemanyinteresAngproblems.


Challenges

•  InteracAonenvironment,•  ContentCreaAon,•  ContentManagement,and

•  ContentAccess.

Key: Content created by culturally similar people is more useful.


InteracAonEnvironment

KeyboardistheBIGGESTproblem.UsenaturalcommunicaAon:Audio,Visual,TacAle.

GoodfirststeptowardsFolkCompuAng.


ContentCreaAon

•  Literacy=Knowledge•  Alltheworldsknowledgeisprimarilyintext.

•  Camerasandmicrophonesareeasiertousethankeyboardandevenpen.

  Develop interactive content creation tools for masses using phones.

  Can we develop ‘Word’ like Photoshop and Director?


ContentManagement:Challenges

•  MulAmedia•  DifferentLanguages•  Event‐Object‐basedIndexing•  FastaccessonMobiledevices


Access:MustbeNatural

•  OnMobilephonelikedevices•  Mymothershouldbeableto‘ask’

– Naturallanguage–notonlykeywords– Voice/Image/Touchinterfaces

•  CulturallysensiAve


InformaAonandCommunicaAonTechnologyforDevelopment


GlobalProjectsinICTforDevelopment


LimitedSuccessofmostsuchapproaches.Why?

•  PCBased.– VeryfewPCs(lessthan0.5per100people)– PCaredifficulttolearnfor‘users’

•  Approacheswerenotvery‘natural’for‘users’– Triedtopushapproachessuccessfulindevelopedworld

•  FailedtounderstandneedsofpeopleanddevelopappropriateapplicaAons.


mKrishiapproach

AninnovaAveapproachbyTCS.Iamworkingwiththeminthis.


TakingthePROBLEMtoanEXPERTUsingModernTechnology

•  PaAenttoDoctor•  FieldtoAgricultureExpert•  ConstrucAontoEngineers•  …


mKrishiArchitecture


Sensorsinthefield


QueryNo.1519

Expert’s Response

Meaning: Causes of Pink berry: (1) Haphazard use of fertilizer (2) Deficiency in Sulphur or access Potash (3) Pest on flowers (4) Excess use of Gibberellic acid. Remedy: Use 5Gm/Litre of Calcium Nitrate.

In Text: Grapes have turned pink in color. Please suggest the reason and medicine to be applied.


QueryNo.1519


ExpertConsole

Voice query

Picture

Info specific to crop

From public website

Ready references for expert

Sensor data – if applicable

© Ramesh Jain Pragyan, February 27, 2010 70 - 70 -

Commercial Launch Summary

State of Uttar Pradesh


Name4mostpopularcompaniesthatemergedinthelast4years.

•  Flickr•  YouTube•  Facebook•  Twiber


Name3mostpopularInternetconceptsinthelast3years.

•  SocialNetworks•  Micro‐blogging(AmbientAwareness)

•  TagsInterestingly, they did not come from Google Yahoo Microsoft or Academia.


InteresAng!!!

•  SocialNetworks•  Microblogging•  Tags

•  Flickr•  YouTube•  Facebook•  Twiber

What does this tell us?


Messagesareclear

•  Newmedia:Textbasedmediaisnotenough.•  Experiences:Peoplewanttoexperienceandshareexperiences–withminimallatency.

•  Socialize:Familyandfriendsremainastronginfluenceinallfacetsoflife.– Familyandfriendsareclosertoeachothertodaythanever!!!

People want:


NextGeneraAonofSocialNetworks

ForMassesindevelopingcountriesusingFolkCompuAngonMobile

Phones.

I have a dream …


KnowledgeandInnovaAonSharingNetworks

•  InnovaAonSystemsPerspecAve.•  SocialNetworking,B2B,Wiki,Twiber

•  Putpeopleinthecentre•  Systembecomes‘intelligent’facilitatoroflearning,interacAons,communicaAons,andcollaboraAons.

•  Organicdevelopmenttosuitlocalcontext


KISAN:KnowledgeandInnovaAonSharingAgricultureNetwork


CreateKISNfor

•  Agriculture•  Health•  EducaAon•  Societalproblems

•  ...


SelecAngRaAonaloverMysAcal

•  “Thefuturebelongstoscienceandthosewhomakefriendswithscience.”

•  “NocountryorpeoplewhoareslavestodogmaandthedogmaAcmentalitycanprogress,andunhappilyourcountryandpeoplehavebecomeextraordinarilydogmaAcandlible‐minded”

Jawaharlal Nehru

More true today than when he said this about 60 years ago.


TimeisRight•  Weareatamajor‘TechnologyInflecAon’point.•  Indiamaybethebestplacetodoresearchinthenewwave.

•  ThismaybethebestAmetoseedprocessesleadingtorevoluAonaryresults.

•  ProductsdevelopedforIndiaarerelevantto80%oftheworld–alldevelopingcountries.


YouareinIndiaattheRightTime.

BeambiAous,driven,andboldandyouwillbringbacktheIntellectual

LeadershiptoIndia.


Thanks.Formoreinforma4on,comments,cri4cisms

contact:Mail:[email protected]

Facebook:jain49TwiTer:jain49

I invite you to join me in this Dream. Please join me!