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กกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกก กกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกก Diagnosis and Treatment of Choice in Restoring Vertical Dimension Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University March 2015

Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

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Page 1: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

การวิ�นิ�จฉัยและทางเล�อกในิการรกษาเพื่��อบู�รณะมิ�ติ�แนิวิดิ่��ง

Diagnosis and Treatment of Choice in Restoring Vertical Dimension

Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University

March 2015

Page 2: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

• Vertical Dimension คื�อคืวามสั�มพั�นธ์�ของขากรรไกรทั้��ง 2 ในSagittal Plane

VERTICAL DIMENSION (VD)

http://drramseyamin.typepad.com/dental_implants/page/3/

Page 3: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

CAUSE OF LOSS VD (VERTICAL DIMENSION)

1. Excessive tooth wear

Attrition Abrasion Erosion

ผศ.ทั้พัญ. กรกช บร�พันธ์ก�ลม. การว�น�จฉั�ย การวางแผนการร�กษาเพั�#อบ$รณะม�ติ�ในแนวดิ่�#งและทั้างเล�อกในการร�กษา, Diasnosis and treatment planning in restoring vertical dimensions and treatment of choice, Chiang-Mai Dental Journal เช)ยงใหม+ทั้�นติแพัทั้ยสัาร ปี-ทั้)# 21 เล+มทั้)#1 เดิ่�อน ม.คื. - ม�.ย. พั.ศ. 2543 หน.าทั้)# 25-35

2. Loss of posterior support

Co-factor : Congenital abnormalities(AI, DI), Parafuntional habits

Page 4: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

การติรวจและการว�น�จฉั�ยโรคื1. การปีระเม�นสั�ขภาพัทั้�#วไปี (Health evaluation)

• ม)โรคืทั้างระบบหร�อไม+ เช+น เบาหวาน เปี1นติ.น

2. การปีระเม�นสัภาพัในช+องปีาก (Oral Evaluation)

• 2.1 การปีระเม�นสัภาพัฟั3นและกระดิ่$กเบ.ารากฟั3น• 2.2 การปีระเม�นสัภาวะปีร�ทั้�นติ�• 2.3 การปีระเม�นการสับฟั3น• 2.4 การปีระเม�นการทั้4างานของกล.ามเน��อบดิ่เคื)�ยว• 2.5 การปีระเม�นสั+วนโคื.งขากรรไกรและแนวเอ)ยงฟั3น

www.dailymail.co.uk

Page 5: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

การติรวจและการว�น�จฉั�ยโรคื3. การปีระเม�นภาพัถ่+ายร�งสั)

4. การปีระเม�นม�ติ�แนวดิ่�#งขณะสับฟั3น

5. การว�เคืราะห�แบบหล+อในกลอ�ปีกรณ�ขากรรไกรจ4าลอง

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulator

Page 6: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

EVALUATIONS OF VERTICAL DIMENSION OF OCCLUSION

1. การว�ดิ่ระยะโดิ่ยก4าหนดิ่จ�ดิ่ทั้��งสัองบนใบหน.า (Pleasure1951, Zarb et al. 1990)

• จ�ดิ่ทั้)#ก4าหนดิ่คืวรเปี1นติ4าแหน+งทั้)#เสัถ่)ยรในขากรรไกรบนหน6#งจ�ดิ่ทั้)# จม$ก และขากรรไกรล+างอ)กหน6#งจ�ดิ่ทั้)#บร�เวณคืาง และใช.สัมการม�ติ�แนวดิ่�#งขณะสับ = ม�ติ�แนวดิ่�#งขณะพั�ก –

ระยะปีลอดิ่การสับ (VD of occlusion) (VD of rest) (Freeway space)

http://www.dentistrytoday.com/implants/1244-

Page 7: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

2. การปีระเม�นจากคืวามร$ .สั6กสับายของผ$.ปี8วยเอง (Lytle 1964, Van

Willinger 1985)

• สัามารถ่ใช.ติ�วผ$.ปี8วยเองเปี1นแนวทั้างในการปีระเม�นม�ติ�แนวดิ่�#ง ขณะสับ

• ทั้��งน)�ระยะของม�ติ�แนวดิ่�#งขณะสับม)คื+ามากเก�นไปีหร�อระยะ ปีลอดิ่การสับม)คื+าน.อยเก�นไปี ผ$.ปี8วยจะเก�ดิ่คืวามอ6ดิ่อ�ดิ่ พั$ดิ่

ไม+ช�ดิ่ ร$ .สั6กไม+สับายและอาจม)การเม�#อยบร�เวณข.อติ+อขา กรรไกร

• แติ+ถ่.าระยะของม�ติ�แนวดิ่�#งขณะสับม)คื+าใกล.เคื)ยงก�บล�กษณะเดิ่�มจะสัร.างคืวามร$ .สั6กสับายให.ผ$.ปี8วย

EVALUATIONS OF VERTICAL DIMENSION OF OCCLUSION

Page 8: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

3. การออกเสั)ยงพัย�ญชนะติ�ว “ ” “ ” สั และ ซ (Sibilant sound) (Pound 1962, 1977, Silverman 1952)• During /s/ sound, the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors about

1-2 mm inferior and lingual to the incisal edge of maxillary incisors.

• More than 1-2 mm may indicated lost occlusal vertical dimension

EVALUATIONS OF VERTICAL DIMENSION OF OCCLUSION

http://www.glidewelldental.com/dentist/inclusive/volume1-4/vertical-dimension-speech.aspx

Page 9: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

4. ระยะปีลอดิ่การสับ (Freeway space, Interocclusal distance)

(Niswongeer 1934, Pleasure 1941, Thompson 1946)

• Swallowing or /M/ sound

• Average 2-4 mm

• More than 4 mm may indicated lost occlusal vertical dimension

EVALUATIONS OF VERTICAL DIMENSION OF OCCLUSION

Complex prosthetic rehabilitation due to severe dental wear. Dr. Mauro Fradeani

Page 10: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

5. การปีระเม�นร$ปีร+างของใบหน.า (the evaluation of the Facial soft tissue

contour) (Zarb et al. 1990)

• Diminished facial contour, thin lips with narrow vermillion boarder, and drooping commissure are associated.

• Golden Proportion also known as 1.681 : 1

EVALUATIONS OF VERTICAL DIMENSION OF OCCLUSION

https://www.tumblr.com/search/golden%20ratio%20face

Page 11: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

CENTRIC RELATION (CR)

• Centric Relation(CR) เปี1นคืวามสั�มพั�นธ์�ของข.อติ+อขากรรไกร(TMJs)ทั้)#ซ6#งห�วcondyle จะอย$+ทั้)#ติ4าแหน+ง Supero-anterior

ติ+อ fossa และอย$+บร�เวณintermediate ของ articular disc

• เม�#อ condyle เร�#มเคืล�#อนติ�วจากติ4าแหน+งน)�จะเปี1นล�กษณะ pure rotation และสัามารถ่ทั้4าซ4�าไดิ่. (repeatable)

http://www.dentalasia.net/?id=156

Page 12: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

CENTRIC RELATION (CR)

• ปี3จจ�บ�นม)หลายว�ธ์)ในการหาติ4าแหน+งคืวามสั�มพั�นธ์�ใน ศ$นย�ซ6#งย�งเปี1นทั้)#ถ่กเถ่)ยงก�นและย�งไม+ม) gold standard ว+า

ว�ธ์)ใดิ่ดิ่)ทั้)#สั�ดิ่ โดิ่ยว�ธ์)ทั้)#น�ยมใช. ไดิ่.แก+1. Tongue tip to soft palate

2. Chin point guidance

3. Bimanual manipulation

4. Leaf gauge technique

5. Anterior Jig (Lucia Jig)

Page 13: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

CENTRIC RELATION (CR)

1. Tongue tip to soft palate• ปีลายล��นแติะเพัดิ่านอ+อน (soft palate)

• ให.ไปีดิ่.านหล�งไกลทั้)#สั�ดิ่ (posteriorly as possible)

http://pixshark.com/normal-underside-of-tongue.htm

Page 14: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

CENTRIC RELATION (CR)

2. Chin point guidance• น��วโปี:งจะจ�บบร�เวณ mandibular symphysis

• ช+วยไกดิ่�แล.วให.ผ$.ปี8วยคื+อยๆก�ดิ่ฟั3นลงมา

http://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v196/n7/fig_tab/4811130a_F6.html

Page 15: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

CENTRIC RELATION (CR)

3. Bimanual manipulation• จะออกแรงดิ่�นช+วยไกดิ่�ในสัองทั้�ศทั้างคื�อ• Angle of mandible ทั้�ศทั้างข6�นดิ่.านบน• Mandibular symphysis ทั้�ศทั้างลงดิ่.านล+าง

• ช+วยไกดิ่�ให.ผ$.ปี8วยคื+อยๆเคืล�#อนขากรรไกรเข.าสั$+ติ4าแหน+ง CR

http://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v196/n7/fig_tab/4811130a_F8.html

Page 16: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

CENTRIC RELATION (CR)

4. Leaf gauge technique• ใช. soft plastic leaf gauge วางทั้)#ปีลายฟั3นหน.าให.ผ$.ปี8วยก�ดิ่• คื+อยๆน4าแผ+นพัลาสัติ�กเพั�#มทั้)ละแผ+นจนฟั3นหล�งไม+สั�มผ�สัก�น• จ�ดิ่ระบบการทั้4างานของกล.ามเน��อใหม+ (muscle deprogram)

เข.าสั$+ติ4าแหน+ง CR ไดิ่.ดิ่)ข6�น

http://leeannbrady.com/occlusion-tmd/using-a-leaf-gauge-to-adjust-an-occlusal-appliance/attachment/dsc_8387-web

Page 17: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

CENTRIC RELATION (CR)

5. Anterior Jig (Lucia Jig)• First introduced by Lucia (1964)

• Usually made of auto-polymerising acrylic resin

• Separates the posterior teeth helps obtain centric relation by “de-programming muscles” and allowing the condyles to seat in the most superior position.

1. http://www.greatlakesortho.com/commerce/detail/?nPID=13622. http://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v196/n7/fig_tab/4811130a_F9.html

Page 18: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

การจ4าแนกปีระเภทั้ของผ$.ปี8วยทั้)#ม)ฟั3นสั6กและการสั$ญเสั)ยม�ติ�แนวดิ่�#งขณะสับฟั3นและ

แนวทั้างการร�กษา

Turner KA and Missirlian 1984

Turner KA, Missirlian DM. Restoration of the extremely worn dentition. J Prosthet Dent 1984;52:467–474.

Page 19: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

Category 1 : Excessive wear + Loss VDTX.• Provisional Denture

Fixed : Temporary crown or Direct composite

Removable : Occlusal splint or Overlay treatment denture

• Observed periodically for 6-8 weeks + appropriately adjustment

• Final restoration mimic the occlusal vertical dimension, function and esthetic that have been developed in the treatment restoration.

Mi-Young Song, DDS, MSD, Ji-Man Park, DDS, MSD, Eun-Jin Park*, DDS, MMSc, PhD Full mouth rehabilitation of the patient with severely worn dentition: a case report

Department of Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea,2010

Page 20: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

Category 2 : Excessive wear

+ Not Loss VD + Have space available

TX.• Equilibration and/or restoration of the posterior teeth for stability in centric relation.

• Periodontal surgery for gaining clinical crown length is sometimes required for retention and esthetics.

• Strict parallelism of opposing axial wall is essential, and supplement pins or a grooves maybe indicated.

Gulab Chand Baid1, Sarandha D Lakshman2, Anand Marilingaiah2, Honey Lunkad3

Comprehensive treatment of compromised dentition: An interdisciplinary approach 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India

Page 21: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

Category 3 : Excessive wear

+ Not Loss VD + Not Have space available

TX.• More difficult because vertical space must be obtain for restorative material.

• Periodontal surgery maybe concern for expose more clinical crown and suitable occlusal plane.

• A lefort I procedure combined with sectioning the anterior and posterior segment can be used for intrusionof segment to create interdental space while correcting the dentofacial deformity.

Manoj Shetty, Niranjan Joshi, D. Krishna Prasad, and Sonali Sood Complete Rehabilitation of a Patient with Occlusal Wear: A Case Report

J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2012 Sep; 12(3): 191–197.

Page 22: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

T R E A T M E N T

OF

C H O I C E

Page 23: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

THE PROVISIONAL PROSTHESIS

ฟั3นปีลอมช�#วคืราวในงานทั้�นติกรรมปีระดิ่�ษฐ์� สัามารถ่แบ+ง ไดิ่.เปี1น 2 ชน�ดิ่ดิ่.วยก�น คื�อ

1. ฟั3นปีลอมช�#วคืราวติ�ดิ่แน+น (Interim fixed restorations)

2. ฟั3นปีลอมช�#วคืราวถ่อดิ่ไดิ่. (Transitional removable partial dentures)

1. http://nhakhoatuxuong.com/en/aesthetics/detail/what-types-of-crowns-are-available-362.html

2. http://www.goldandceramics.com.au/overlay-denture.html

Page 24: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

INTERIM FIXED RESTORATION

1.1) Conventional fixed provisional restoration

1.2) Direct composite restoration

1. http://www.andent.com/products/temporary-crowns2. http://nhakhoatuxuong.com/en/aesthetics/detail/what-types-of-crowns-

are-available-362.html

Page 25: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

INTERIM FIXED RESTORATIONS1.1 Conventional fixed provisional restoration

• Advantage:

• Diagnosis wax-up satisfy with the treatment plan as dentist shows to the patient

• Disadvantage:

• Restoration may were during the evaluation period therefore may make long-term management of OVD

• Irreversible tooth preparation

Ming-Yi Chou BSc, DDS, MS, Cert. Prostho, FRCD. Functional and Esthetic Rehabilitation of Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report. 2014-11-01

Page 26: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

1.2 Direct composite restoration• Advantage:

• Simple to place, Esthetic to patient with localized anterior tooth wear and loss of interocclusal space

• Disadvantage:

• Provide moisture control

INTERIM FIXED RESTORATIONS

http://texascenterforocclusalstudies.com/txcos-smile-gallery/

Page 27: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

TRANSITIONAL REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE

2.1) Overlay removable partial denture

2.2) Removable acrylic resin occlusal splint

2.3) Removable cobalt - chromium appliance with anterior bite plane (Dahl’ appliance)

1. http://www.dentalartslab.com/products-services/splintsmouth-guards/dal-comfort-guards/2. http://www.goldandceramics.com.au/overlay-denture.html

Page 28: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

TRANSITIONAL REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES2.1 Overlay removable partial denture

• Advantage:

• Non-invasive, simpler and less expensive than the fixed prosthetic option

• can normal function including speaking or eating all the time

• Disadvantage:

• Esthetic and functional limitation

• the risks of wear, fracture, or debonding

of occlusal materials are likely to be a

primary failure.

1. Angela T.T. Wong, DMD; Caroline T. Nguyen, DMD, MS. Rehabilitation of a Patient with an Elusive Medical History and Loss of Occlusal Vertical Dimension. July 20132. http://www.goldandceramics.com.au/overlay-denture.html

Page 29: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

2.2 Removable acrylic resin occlusal splint• Advantage:

• non-invasive way to assess a patient’s tolerance to the restored OVD while preventing further loss of tooth structure

• To decrease myofacial pain when there is evidence of parafunctional activity.

• Disadvantage:

• The patient have to compliance

• Interfere to eating and speaking.

TRANSITIONAL REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES

http://www.dentalartslab.com/products-services/splintsmouth-guards/dal-comfort-guards/

Page 30: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

MI-YOUNG SONG, DDS, MSD, JI-MAN PARK, DDS, MSD, AND EUN-JIN PARK, DDS, MMSC, PHD. FULL MOUTH REHABILITATION OF THE PATIENT WITH SEVERELY WORN DENTITION: A CASE REPORTJ ADV PROSTHODONT. 2010 SEP; 2(3): 106–110

REMOVABLE ACRYLIC RESIN OCCLUSAL SPLINT

Page 31: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

2.3 Removable cobalt - chromium appliance with anterior bite plane (Dahl’ appliance)

• Advantage:

• Extremely conservative

• Disadvantage:

• It is used only for localized severe attrition

• Increased treatment time and extra laboratory procedures

TRANSITIONAL REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES

1. Stephen Robinson, Peter J Nixon, Matthew J Gahan and Martin F W-Y Chan. Techniques for Restoring Worn Anterior Teeth with Direct Composite Resin. Restorative Dentistry; Dental update, October 2008

2. http://www.mecourse.com/ecourse/wtt/dal3.htm

Page 32: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

DAHL’ APPLIANCE and ALL CERAMIC CROWN

Michael Botelho, Philip Newsome, Siobhan Owen, David Reaney. The Dahl principle revisited. Irish Dentist July 2011

Page 33: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

Stephen Robinson, Peter J Nixon, Matthew J Gahan and Martin F W-Y Chan. Techniques for Restoring Worn Anterior Teeth with Direct Composite Resin. Restorative Dentistry; Dental update, October 2008

DAHL’ APPLIANCE and DIRECT COMPOSITE RESIN RESTORATION

Page 34: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

REQUIREMENTS OF PROVISIONAL RESTORATION

Requirements of provisional restoration

• ผ$.ปี8วยเก�ดิ่คืวามร$ .สั6กสับายและใช.งานไดิ่.• คืงสัภาพัทั้)#ดิ่)ไว.ของอว�ยวะปีร�ทั้�นติ�• ดิ่.านคืวามสัวยงามและการออกเสั)ยงเปี1นทั้)#ยอมร�บไดิ่.• สัร.างให.เก�ดิ่การก�ดิ่สับทั้)#เหมาะสัม• ใช.ปีระเม�นในระหว+างการร�กษา

http://www.andent.com/products/temporary-crowns

Page 35: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

C A S E

Page 36: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

LOSS VD

Cause: ???

1. Severe worn dentition

2. Loss of posterior support

Mit B Patel and Sompop Bencharit. A Treatment Protocol for Restoring Occlusal Vertical Dimension Using an Overlay Removable Partial Denture as an Alternative to Extensive Fixed Restorations: A Clinical Report. Open Dent J. 2009; 3: 213–218

Page 37: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

LOSS VD

• จ4าเปี1นติ.อง raise หร�อไม+ ?• Raise เทั้+าไหร+ ?

Mit B Patel and Sompop Bencharit. A Treatment Protocol for Restoring Occlusal Vertical Dimension Using an Overlay Removable Partial Denture as an Alternative to Extensive Fixed Restorations: A Clinical Report. Open Dent J. 2009; 3: 213–218

Page 38: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

• จ4าเปี1นติ.อง raise ?

1. การสับฟั3นของผ$.ปี8วย---Space available for restoration

2. Determination of OVD---Loss of VD ?

• Loss of posterior support

• History of wear (physiologic wear VS excessive wear)

• Phonetic evaluation (the increased space alters /s/ sound

• Interocclusal rest space (greater than 2-4 mm.)

• Facial appearance (Wrinkles and drooping commissures around mouth)

LOSS VD

Mit B Patel and Sompop Bencharit. A Treatment Protocol for Restoring Occlusal Vertical Dimension Using an Overlay Removable Partial Denture as an Alternative to Extensive Fixed Restorations: A Clinical Report. Open Dent J. 2009; 3: 213–218

Page 39: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

• Raise เทั้+าไหร+ ?: 3 factor for consideration

1. The remaining tooth structure

2. The space available for the restoration

3. Aesthetics

• หล�กการ : RVD – OVD = 3 mm. = Freeway space แล.วทั้4าการ raise bite ข6�น มาใหม+เพั�#อสัร.าง Freeway space ปีระมาณ 2-4 mm.

LOSS VD

Mit B Patel and Sompop Bencharit. A Treatment Protocol for Restoring Occlusal Vertical Dimension Using an Overlay Removable Partial Denture as an Alternative to Extensive Fixed Restorations: A Clinical Report. Open Dent J. 2009; 3: 213–218

Page 40: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

LOSS VD

• Turner’s classification of occlusal wear

• Category 1 : Excessive occlusal wear with loss of vertical dimension with space available to restore the vertical height.

• Category 2 : Excessive occlusal wear without loss of vertical dimension with space available.

• Category 3 : Excessive wear without loss of occlusal vertical dimension with limited space

Mit B Patel and Sompop Bencharit. A Treatment Protocol for Restoring Occlusal Vertical Dimension Using an Overlay Removable Partial Denture as an Alternative to Extensive Fixed Restorations: A Clinical Report. Open Dent J. 2009; 3: 213–218

Page 41: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

OVERLAY REMOVE PARTIAL DENTURE

Mit B Patel and Sompop Bencharit. A Treatment Protocol for Restoring Occlusal Vertical Dimension Using an Overlay Removable Partial Denture as an Alternative to Extensive Fixed Restorations: A Clinical Report. Open Dent J. 2009; 3: 213–218

Page 42: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

Pre-treatment

During treatment with provisional denture

Post-treatment

Mi-Young Song, DDS, MSD, Ji-Man Park, DDS, MSD, Eun-Jin Park*, DDS, MMSc, PhD Full mouth rehabilitation of the patient with severely worn dentition: a case report

Department of Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea,2010

Page 44: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

REFERENCE1. Vinay Chila Bachhav,* and Meena Ajay Aras. Altering occlusal vertical dimension in functional and esthetic rehabilitation of severely worn dentition. Journal of Oral Health Research, Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2010

2. Carlsson G, Ingervall B, Kocak G. Effect of increasing vertical dimension on the masticatory system in subjects with natural teeth. J. Prosthet. Dent. 1979;41:284-9

3. Farhad Fayz, D.M.D., M.S.D.,* and Ahmad Eslami, D.M.D., M.S.**. Determination of occlusal vertical dimension: A literature review. The Journal of Prosthodontic Dentistry, March 1988, Volume 59, Number 3

4. M. A. Pleasure, D.D.S., M.S.P.H., New York. Correction vertical dimension and freeway space. The Journal of the American Dental Association, Volume 43, August 1951, 160-163

5. Irving M. Sheppard, D.M.D.,* and Stephen M. Sheppard, D.M.D.**. Vertical dimension measurements. J. Prosthet. Dent. September, 1975

6. Meyer M. Silverman, D.D.S. The Speaking Method in Measuring Vertical Dimension. J. Prosthet. Dent. March, 1953

7. Thomas E. J. Shanahan, D.D.S. Physiologic Vertical Dimension and Centric Relation. J. Pros. Den. November 1956

8. Kenneth A Turner, D.D.S.,* and Donald M. Missirlian, D.D.S.**. Restoration of the extremely worn dentition. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, October 1984, Volume 52, Number 4

9. Mit B. Patel and Sompop Bencharit. A Treatment Protocol for Restorating Occlusal Vertical Dimension Using an Overlay Removable Partial Denture as an Alternative to Extensive Fixed Restorations: A Clinical Report. The Open Dentistry Journal, 2009, 3, 213-218

10. Mi-Young Song, DDS, MSD, Ji-Man Park, DDS, MSD, Eun-Jin Park*, DDS, MMSc, PhD. Full mouth rehabilitation of the patient with severely worn dentition: a case report. J Adv Prosthodont 2010; 2; 106-10

11. J Abduo,* K Lyons. Clinical considerations for increasing occlusal vertical dimension: a review. Australian Dental Journal 2012; 57: 2-10

12. Dawson 1989, Fay and Eslami 1988

13. ผศ.ทั้พัญ. กรกช บร�พั�นธ์ก�ล; การวิ�นิ�จฉัยและวิางแผนิรกษาเพื่��อบู�รณะมิ�ติ�แนิวิดิ่��งและทางเล�อกในิการรกษา. Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Restoring Vertical Dimension and Treatment of Choice.

14. อ.ทั้พั. พั�ร�ยะ ยาว�ราช; การบู�รณะมิ�ติ�แนิวิดิ่��งของการสบูดิ่ วิยฟั"นิปลอมิติ�ดิ่แนิ$นิ. Restore vertical dimension with fixed restorations.

15. บ�ญช�ย เชาวน�ไกลวงศ� (ทั้บ., วทั้ม.); การบู�รณะมิ�ติ�แนิวิดิ่��งของการสบูดิ่ วิยฟั"นิปลอมิติ�ดิ่แนิ$นิร$วิมิกบูฟั"นิปลอมิถอดิ่ไดิ่ . Restore Vertical Dimension with Fixed Removable Prosthesis.

16. Michael Botelho, Philip Newsome, Siobhan Owen, David Reaney. The Dahl principle revisited. Irish Dentist July 2011

17. Stephen Robinson, Peter J Nixon, Matthew J Gahan and Martin F W-Y Chan. Techniques for Restoring Worn Anterior Teeth with Direct Composite Resin. Restorative Dentistry; Dental update, October 2008

18. John Antonelli, DDS, MS., Timothy L. Hottel, DDS, MS, MBA., Sharon C. Siegel, DDS, MS., Robert Brandt, DDS, MS., Gladston Silva, DDS, DMD., The occlusal guard: a simplified technique for fabrication and equilibration. General Dentistry, May/June 2013

Page 45: Diagnosis and treatment of choice in restoring vertical dimension

19. การว�น�จฉั�ย การวางแผนการร�กษาเพั�#อบ$รณะม�ติ�ในนวดิ่�#งและทั้างเล�อกในการร�กษา,Diasnosis and treatment planning in restoring vertical dimensions and treatment of choice,ผศ.ทั้พัญ. กรกช บร�พันธ์ก�ลมChiang-Mai Dental Journal เช)ยงใหม+ทั้�นติแพัทั้ยสัาร ปี-ทั้)# 21 เล+มทั้)# 1 เดิ่�อน ม.คื. - ม�.ย. พั.ศ. 2543 หน.าทั้)# 25-35

20. การบ$รณะม�ติ�แนวดิ่�#งของการสับฟั3นดิ่.วยฟั3นปีลอมติ�ดิ่แน+น,Restore vertical dimension with fixed restoration,อ.ทั้พั. พั�ร�ยะ ยาว�ราช

21. Turner KA, Missirlian DM. Restoration of the extremely worn dentition. J Prosthet Dent 1985;52:467-74.

22. Full mouth rehabilitation of the patient with severely worn dentition: a case report, Mi-Young Song, DDS, MSD, Ji-Man Park, DDS, MSD, Eun-Jin Park*, DDS, MMSc, PhD Department of Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea,2010

23. Comprehensive treatment of compromised dentition: An interdisciplinary approach Gulab Chand Baid1, Sarandha D Lakshman2, Anand Marilingaiah2, Honey Lunkad3 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India

24. Complete Rehabilitation of a Patient with Occlusal Wear: A Case Report Manoj Shetty, Niranjan Joshi, D. Krishna Prasad, and Sonali Sood J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2012 Sep; 12(3): 191–197.

25. Milad Azizi. The influence of the leaf gauge and anterior jig on mandibular condyles . November 2001

REFERENCE

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SPECIAL THANKS TO

DR. SPUN LENGLERDPHOL

DR.JIRAT SRIHATAJATI

Present bySaranyoo Prasitwuttisak 504909Thanarat Laohavechvanich 505043Kwanporn Jutipimarn 5106257

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