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Afternoon extern Ext.สสสสสส สสสสสสสสส

Afternoon externnn Fx Patella

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Page 1: Afternoon externnn Fx Patella

Afternoonextern

Ext. สบืสนิ จริวพฒัน์

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Patient profile ผู้ป่วยหญิงไทย คู่ อายุ 38 ปี ภมูลิำาเนา นครราช

ศรมีา อำาเภอ สงูเนิน

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Chief complaint ปวดหวัเขา่ซา้ยมา 30 นาที

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History taking

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History taking 30 นาทีก่อนมา รพ ผู้ป่วยหกล้มในหอ้งนำ+า เพราะล่ืนนำ+าที่หกอยู่ เขา้ซา้ย

กระแทกพื+นอยา่งแรง ไมม่ศีรษีะกระแทก ไมม่หีน้าอกกระแทก ไมม่ที้อง กระแทก จากนั+น ไมส่ามารถยดืเขา่ซา้ยตรง หรอืงอเขา่ได้ ไมส่ามารถ

ยนืได้ ต้องนัง่ตลอดเวลา ไมช่า ไมอ่่อนแรง มารดาเหน็เหตกุารณ์ จงึ โทรเรยีกรถพยาบาลออกรบั ไปท่ี รพช สงูเนิน ได้ทำาการเอกซเ์รย์ แล้ว

พบอะไรบางอยา่ง จงึดามขามาแล้วสง่ต่อมาท่ี รพ มหาราช ไมด่ื่มสรุา ไมใ่ชย้าต้ม ยาหมอ้ ยาลกูกลอน ไมแ่พย้าแพอ้าหาร เคยผ่าตัดคลอดลกู

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Physical examination V/S T. 36.0 BP 157/76 PR 80 RR 20 SatO2 100 GA An adult Thai female, calm, well cooperated, alert ,on

posterior cylinder slab. HEENT Anicteric sclera, not pale conjunctiva Lung Clear both lungs CVS Normal s1s2 ,no murmur Abdomen Not distend, not tender,soft Neuro Glossly intact

Page 7: Afternoon externnn Fx Patella
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Ext. Lt.knee

Inspected - Marked swelling,redness, ecchymosis at medial side of Lt. knee.,deformity

Palpation – Tender at patella Lt. knee, warm, Ballotment>Can’t examine due to pain,

Movement – Limit ROM due to pain. Distal part : Neuro and vascular intact

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Differential diagnosis

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Differential Diagnosis Fracture left patella Fracture left distal femur Fracture left tibial plateau Hemarthrosis Ligament injury

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Investigation

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Investigation X-ray Lt. knee

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Investigation X-ray Lt. knee

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Diagnosis Comminuted fracture of Lt. patella

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Management Admit Ortho CBC,BUN,Cr,Elyte,Anti HIV EKG 12 leads File Lt. knee AP,lat CXR Pain control On posterior long leg slab Lt. leg นัดวนั ผ่าตัด

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knowledges

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Patella fracture Patella fractures account for 1% of all skeletal injuries occur

either by direct impact injury or indirect eccentric contraction male to female 2:1 most fractures occur in 20-50 year olds

Patella sleeve fracture seen in pediatric population (8-10 year olds)

Bipartite patella may be mistaken for patella fracture  affects 8% of population characteristic superolateral position bilateral in 50% of case

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Anatomy

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Function

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Type of fracture

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Physical examination Palpable patellar defect  Significant hemarthrosis Unable to perform straight leg raise indicates

failure of extensor mechanism 

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Investigation Radiographs

Film knee AP,lateral,sky view Patella alta  Fracture displacement - best evaluated on lateral x-ray

degree of fracture displacement correlates with degree of retinacular disruption

MRI  MRI if child has normal x rays but is unable to straight leg

raise

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Treatment

Non-operative Knee immobilized in extension (brace or cylinder cast) and

full weight bearing Indications

Intact extensor mechanism (patient able to perform straight leg raise)

Nondisplaced or minimally displaced fractures Vertical fracture patterns

Early active ROM with hinged knee brace Early WBAT in full extension  Progress in flexion after 2-3 weeks

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Treatment Operative

ORIF with tension band construct Indications

Preserve patella whenever possible  Extensor mechanism failure (unable to perform straight

leg raise) Open fractures Fracture articular displacement >2mm Displaced patella fracture >3mm Patella sleeve fractures in children

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Treatment

Partial patellectomyIndications Comminuted superior or inferior pole fracture measuring

<50% patellar height ONLY if ORIF is not possible

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Treatment

Total patellectomy Indications reserved for severe and extensive comminution not be

able to salvage quadriceps torque reduced by 50% medial and lateral retinacular repair essential

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Complications Weakness and anterior knee pain  Nonunion 

can consider partial patellectomy Osteonecrosis (proximal fragment) Infection Stiffness OA knee

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Reference www.orthobulltet.com www.uptodate.com

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Thank you