LESSON 4DISORDERS OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

人体血液循环系统受损

Circulatory DisorderDefination of a wound:wound is an abnormal break in the skin or other tissues of the body.

Classification 分类 of wound and their causes.• Gunshot 枪伤• Incised 割伤• Laceration 抓伤• Abrasion 烧伤 / 擦伤• Contusion 黑青• Puncture刺伤• GILACP****VIP

Management of wounds with slight bleeding1. clean—running water/wipe away from wound(***in to out***)2. Dressing:~small wound—adhesive dressing粘性

~large wound---sterile dressing or gauze3. Direct pressure /raise and support(still bleeding)

Management of wounds with severe bleeding• Remove foreign bodies• Cover wound and apply pressure• Press padding down and give firm enough to apply direct pressure• If bleeding continues, apply further dressings and pads.• Using suitable method.(exp:upper limb….)• Remove to hospital

Pressure points----important artery can be compressed against an underlying bone to prevent the flow of blood beyond the point.• Not longer than10mins

Two pressure points1. The brachial pressure point2. The femoral pressure point

Causes of internal bleeding• Broken bone • Blow • Bullet• Stab wound• Certain medical conditions

Internal bleeding may remain concealed 隐瞒1. Bleeding into the brain2. Bleeding onto tissues associated with fractures.3. Bleeding from spleen4. Bleeding from liver

Sign and symtoms of severe bleeding1. Face and lips pale2. Skin cold and clammy 粘3. Dizzy and faint4. Pulse rate rapid ,strength becoming weaker5. Complains of thirst………..

Shock• From stress or injury producing an insufficient supply of blood to the brain

and other vital organs.

Types of shock causes 1. Anaphylactic shock 过敏 1.acute heart attacks2. Cardiogenic shock 心脏 2.severe bleeding3. Hypovolemic shock 低血 3.loss of body fluids 血浆4. Neurogenic shock 神经 4.loss of serum in bums 体液5. Psycogenic shock 精神6. Septic shock 感染

Symptoms and signs• Pale or grey• Cold and clammy skin with sweating• Feel sick and vomiting• Breathing swallow and rapid.• ………………………Management: 1.find out the cause of shock

2.lay casualty down and keeps head low 3.place in recovery position(unconscious)and protect with blanket 4.moisten lips with water(if casualty thirst) 5.move to hospital(.keep 10 min records pulse and respiration****)