Liikenteen biopolttoaineetja kemikaalitEsa KurkelaBiotalous ja energiamurros – mitä vuonna 2030?26.1.2017 Helsinki

25/01/2017 2

Net increase of carbon stock in the Finnish forests in 1990 - 2010

FINNISH WOOD BALANCE – MAXIMIZING CASCADING

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2012 2020 2030

Energy wood

Hardwoodpulpwood

Softwoodpulpwood

Hardwood logs

Softwood logs

Harvest potential

Harvest demandl

CrossCluster 2030 scenario

100%90%

<50%

Territorial watersOther land use

Forest chips potentialutilization rate (%) 2020

Source:

Annualgrowthmillionm3/a

3

Hierarchy of fuels

Aviation

Marine

Heavy-duty road vehicles

Rail

Light-duty road vehicles &urban services

Nee

d fo

r liq

uid

fuel

s

Possibility for electrification increases

Source: Nils-Olof Nylund, IMECHE Future Fuels 2016.

44

PEAT AMMONIA PLANTOULU, FINLAND, 1991

LARGE-SCALE GASIFICATIONSPECIALLY DEVELOPED

FOR WOOD FEEDSTOCKS

COAL GASIFIERAPPLIED FOR

PEAT AND WOOD

NSE BIOFUELS DEMO, VARKAUS, FINLAND, 2011

NEW PROCESS FOR SMALLERSCALE AND WITH LOWER CAPEX

PILOT PLANT AT VTT BIORUUKKI, ESPOO, 2016

2010 2015 20201985 2005 203020001995 2025

Biomass gasification for biofuelsand bio-chemicals- Long experience of medium-to-large scale thermochemical biorefineries

5

Taloudellisesti kilpailukykyinen kokoluokka on erittäin suuri• Vähintään 100-200 ktoe/a tuotanto; biomassasyöttö 300-600 MW• Tarvittava investointi 500 -1000 M€• Ensimmäinen laitos jopa 50 % kalliimpi kuin kypsä teknologia• Tekniset ja taloudelliset riskit liian suuret – julkisen tuen tarve liian suuri• Sivutuotelämpöä syntyy 100-200 MW – usein vaan lahdevoimaksi

Raaka-aineen hankinta ja logistiikka haasteellista• Paikallisesti saatavilla olevien tähteiden määrä rajallinen• Laitos joutuu käyttämään myös runkopuuta/kuitupuuta• Raaka-ainekustannukset nousevat helposti tasolle 25-30 €/MWh

Tarvitaan hajautettua pienemmän kokoluokan teknologiaa!• Prosessin yksinkertaistaminen ja CAPEXIN alentaminen• Integroinnin maksimointi: biomassalogistiiikka, voimalaitosintegraatio• Paikallisten tähteiden ja jätteiden hyödyntäminen

Suuren kokoluokan keskitetyn kaasutus- ja synteesilaitoksen haasteet

66

• Pyrolysis oil• Synthetic hydrocarbons• Methanol• Synthetic methane

• Co-refining• Drop-in transportation fuels• Olefins for renewable

packaging materials• Basic chemicals, fertilisers• Aromatics

• Forest residues and agricultural residues

• Industrial and municipal wastes

• Integration to food, forest, chemical or metal industries

Integrating production of fuels and chemicals from biomass and residues to existing industries to improve competitiveness

Transport of intermediate products

Large-scale refineries or chemical industries

Several industrial sites with local CHP

integration

7

Hydrocarbon liquids

OXYGEN GASIFIER

BELT DRYER

ASU

AUXILIARY BOILER

Air N2

O2

H2S

Steam Steam

Filter ash

Purge

Steam

Unconverted gas

Bypass

HOT-GAS FILTER

ATR POX REFORMER SOUR SHIFT SCRUBBER

COOLERCENTRIFUG.

COMPR.

WET CO2 REMOVAL

RECYCLEF-T

SYNTHESIS

RECOVERY&

UPGRADE

CO2

Flue gas

Forestresidues

POWER GENERATION EQUIPMENT

WSAH2SO4

WET SULPHUR REMOVAL

Block diagram for a stand-alone large-scale biomass-to-liquids plant

8

Hydrocarbon liquids

OXYGEN GASIFIER

BELT DRYER

ASU

AUXILIARY BOILER

Air N2

O2

H2S

Steam Steam

Filter ash

Purge

Steam

Unconverted gas

Bypass

HOT-GAS FILTER

ATR POX REFORMER SOUR SHIFT SCRUBBER

COOLERCENTRIFUG.

COMPR.

WET CO2 REMOVAL

RECYCLEF-T

SYNTHESIS

RECOVERY&

UPGRADE

CO2

Flue gas

Forestresidues

POWER GENERATION EQUIPMENT

WSAH2SO4

WET SULPHUR REMOVAL

Block diagram for a stand-alone large-scale biomass-to-liquids plant

Give up oxygenplant: -12%

9

Hydrocarbon liquids

OXYGEN GASIFIER

BELT DRYER

ASU

AUXILIARY BOILER

Air N2

O2

H2S

Steam Steam

Filter ash

Purge

Steam

Unconverted gas

Bypass

HOT-GAS FILTER

ATR POX REFORMER SOUR SHIFT SCRUBBER

COOLERCENTRIFUG.

COMPR.

WET CO2 REMOVAL

RECYCLEF-T

SYNTHESIS

RECOVERY&

UPGRADE

CO2

Flue gas

Forestresidues

POWER GENERATION EQUIPMENT

WSAH2SO4

WET SULPHUR REMOVAL

Block diagram for a stand-alone large-scale biomass-to-liquids plant

Eliminate separateWGS step: -2%

Give up oxygenplant: -12%

10

Hydrocarbon liquids

OXYGEN GASIFIER

BELT DRYER

ASU

AUXILIARY BOILER

Air N2

O2

H2S

Steam Steam

Filter ash

Purge

Steam

Unconverted gas

Bypass

HOT-GAS FILTER

ATR POX REFORMER SOUR SHIFT SCRUBBER

COOLERCENTRIFUG.

COMPR.

WET CO2 REMOVAL

RECYCLEF-T

SYNTHESIS

RECOVERY&

UPGRADE

CO2

Flue gas

Forestresidues

POWER GENERATION EQUIPMENT

WSAH2SO4

WET SULPHUR REMOVAL

Block diagram for a stand-alone large-scale biomass-to-liquids plant

Give up oxygenplant: -12%

Eliminate separateWGS step: -2%

Rethink on-site steam generation: -16%

11

Hydrocarbon liquids

OXYGEN GASIFIER

BELT DRYER

ASU

AUXILIARY BOILER

Air N2

O2

H2S

Steam Steam

Filter ash

Purge

Steam

Unconverted gas

Bypass

HOT-GAS FILTER

ATR POX REFORMER SOUR SHIFT SCRUBBER

COOLERCENTRIFUG.

COMPR.

WET CO2 REMOVAL

RECYCLEF-T

SYNTHESIS

RECOVERY&

UPGRADE

CO2

Flue gas

Forestresidues

POWER GENERATION EQUIPMENT

WSAH2SO4

WET SULPHUR REMOVAL

Block diagram for a stand-alone large-scale biomass-to-liquids plant

Give up oxygenplant: -12%

Eliminate separateWGS step: -2%

Simplify acid gas removal: -15%

Rethink on-site steam generation: -16%

12

Hydrocarbon liquids

OXYGEN GASIFIER

BELT DRYER

ASU

AUXILIARY BOILER

Air N2

O2

H2S

Steam Steam

Filter ash

Purge

Steam

Unconverted gas

Bypass

HOT-GAS FILTER

ATR POX REFORMER SOUR SHIFT SCRUBBER

COOLERCENTRIFUG.

COMPR.

WET CO2 REMOVAL

RECYCLEF-T

SYNTHESIS

RECOVERY&

UPGRADE

CO2

Flue gas

Forestresidues

POWER GENERATION EQUIPMENT

WSAH2SO4

WET SULPHUR REMOVAL

Block diagram for a stand-alone large-scale biomass-to-liquids plant

Give up oxygenplant: -12%

Eliminate separateWGS step: -2%

Simplify acid gas removal: -15%

Rethink on-site steam generation: -16%

Identified potentialfor CapEx reductions:Oxygen plant 12%Sour shift (WGS) 2%Steam generation 16%Rectisol / WSA 15% Up to 45% decrease

13

Steam

Forestresidues

FT-wax

Char

DFB GASIFIER

BELT DRYER

DFB OXIDISER

Filter ash

Off-gas

Air

HOT-GAS FILTER

ATR POXREFORMER

SCRUBBERCOOLER

SORBENT SULPHUR REMOVAL

ONCE THRUF-T

SYNTHESISRECOVERY

Flue gas STEAM/DH GENERATIONEQUIPMENT

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR

Air

Medium-scale low CapEx target biomass-to-liquids process

Typical process characteristics Biomass input: 100 MW FT-wax output: 50-55 MW (35 ktoe/a) Steam/district heat output: 15-25 MW Target size: 100-200 MW biomass Target cost: 80 €/MWh FT wax

(~ 900 €/toe)

14

STEAM

GASIFIER

OXIDISER

AIR TO OXIDISER

REFORMER

PRODUCT GAS

CYCLONE

COOLERFLUE GAS

N2

CFB Gasifier770 - 840 °C

DFB pilot plant at Bioruukki 2016 test runs

FILTER600 - 750 °C

BIOMASS

BED MATERIAL

BFB Oxidiser860 - 890 °C

VTT project website: http://www.vtt.fi/sites/BTL2030

15

Road map for medium-scale low CapEx BTL process via piloting and demonstration

Phase 1: Piloting at Bioruukki & system studies 2016 - 2017, 3 M€(On-going BTL2030 project)

Phase 2: Demonstration at an industrial site 2018 - 2020, 50 M€ (in preliminary planning phase)

Phase 3: First production plant, 220 M€; investment decision 2020(feasibility studies for the concept in 2017)

Phase 4: Replication at global markets at 150 - 200 M€/plant• 2025: 5 plants• 2030: 10 - 20 plants• 2030 > full market penetration

VTT project website: http://www.vtt.fi/sites/BTL2030

16

Mikä rooli kaasutus-BTL-teknologialla energiamurroksessa 2030 jälkeen? Aurinko, tuuli ja maalämpö kasvavat voimakkaasti Hiilen käyttö vähenee voimakkaasti / loppuu kokonaan Perinteisen CHP-voimalaitosteknologian rooli pienenee Kevyt liikenne sähköistyy – perustuen uusiutuvaan sähköön Maakaasu säilyttää asemansa hiiltä pidempään Myös teollisuuden prosessihöyryn tarve säilyy ja yhdyskuntien

lämmitystarve nykyistä pienempänä Raskas liikenne tarvitsee vähähiilistä polttoainetta ja kemian

teollisuus raaka-aineita

Kehitetään hajautettuun tuotantoon ja pienille lämpökuormille soveltuva prosessi joka pystyy mukautumaan vaihtelevasti saatavilla olevaan aurinko- ja tuulienergiaan

17

CO2 recycleOff-gas and steamto boiler

OPERATION DURING ”SOLAR ENERGY SEASON”

15 MW

15 MW

20 MW

2 MW

H2

BIOMASS FT-WAX to refinery

WATER

RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY

Steam to gasifierHeat for biomass drying

GASIFIER & REFORMER

GAS CLEANUP

HEAT to district heatingCHP PLANT

ELECTROLYSIS

O2

Process idea for highly-flexible combined Fuel and Heat production

SYNTHESIS WITH RECYCLE

18

Off-gas and steamto boiler

OPERATION DURING ”DARK AND COLD HEATING SEASON”

30 MW 10 MW

15 MW

BIOMASS SNG or FT-waxSYNTHESIS ONCE-THROUGH

Steam to gasifierHeat for biomass drying

GASIFIER & REFORMER

GAS CLEANUP

HEAT & POWER

ENRICHED AIR

To peakpower and heat

CHP PLANT

Process idea for highly-flexible combined Fuel and Heat production

1919

Small scale syngas: background technologies- target size 10-50 MW biomass input

Updraft gasifier “Bioneer” in commercial use since 1980’s Catalytic reforming of tars and two-stage

gasifier “Novel” were developed and demonstrated in early 2000 New SXB-gasifier concept

(pressurized) In-situ tar decomposition Pilot plant at Bioruukki for CHP

applications 2016-2017 Design basis for syngas

Target schedule Pilot development 2017-20 Demonstration 2021-23 H2020 funding applied both for the

FT and SNG cases

BIONEER, 1980’s

SXB – PILOT AT BIORUUKKI, 2016

“Biomass will have a significant role also in the future renewable energy mix, but the use will be partly shifted from the present heat and power

production to the production of fuels and chemicals – on this road gasification

technologies will play a key role”

Kiitos!http://www.vttresearch.com/services/low-carbon-energy