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2. UGC .... ... .. ... 3. " "Toffler " " "prosumer" professional consumer.p 4. 2.4 billion Number of Internet users worldwide 5. UGCUser-generated content (UGC) User-created content (UCC)Consumer-generated media(CGM) "dodo--itit--yourselfyourself( ) itit yourselfyourself " / " WebWeb 22..00 . ): ( 6. Wi d f C d Wisdom of Crowds Conversational Media noncommercial noncommercial 7. Wisdom of Crowds 8. " "CrowdsourcingCrowdsourcing "." 9. .... outsourcingoutsourcing . " "C d iC d i " " "CrowdsourcingCrowdsourcing " "Jeff Howe"Wired" . ) ( 10. ....##11 Renaissance of amateurism OSS##22 micro-tasks .##33 ##44 11. ... . . . . . . . . 12. !... : )(% % )(% % .% . . . 13. .. Source: Pan, Yue; Blevis, E.; A survey of crowdsourcing as a means of collaboration and the implications of crowdsourcing for interactiondesign. In: International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), May 23-27, 2011 14. ) ( .amazon mechnical turkamazon mechnical turkdesignCrowdgenius rocketgenius rocketkick starterTop cooderTop cooderXPRIZEcrowd springcrowd spring 15. ... QAQA : ) : ): ( . .: . 16. ...)( QAQA))((: : : : lid ti validation T tiT ti TrustingTrusting 17. ...)( . ) " ( ( . 18. 19. "" : mark mark / / ) ) ( 20. ..""K) ( ""Karen):( Moving Picture . " . . .""Gary)( y)( . . 21. ..""J th ) ( ""Jonathan)( )( )( . .""Woud)(: Woud)(: "Cerberus" . . 22. SOPAC :Social Online PublicAccess Catalog (SOPAC) . 23. UCL TranscribeJeremy BenthamJeremy Bentham Transcribe folios " : " TEITEI . 24. "reCaptcha" : : OCR )CAPTCHA( )CAPTCHA.( 25. The Commons OSI P&P community input: y p 26. The Commons "The Commons: " ""flicker flicker "" . . : . / / / )PPOC( "." 27. ANDP . . . . . . 28. Picture Australia NLA . . . "Click and Flic:" " " " " :: : : . 29. Picture Australia . . , , . 30. " " . . " " . . 31. " "Volunteers)Digital(Digitalkoot. Volunteers)Digital(Digitalkoot. OCR OCR . Microtask :Mole Hunt MyyrjahtiMole Bridge Myyrsilta )DISH( 32. . . . . 33. ... . . . . . . ): ( . ): ( ): .( ) ( ) .( . . 34. C d i . Crowdsourcing : .- .-).( Pan, Yue; Blevis, E.; A survey of crowdsourcing as a means of collaboration and the implicationsof crowdsourcing for interaction design In: International Conference on Collaborationof crowdsourcing for interaction design. In: International Conference on CollaborationTechnologies and Systems (CTS), May 23-27, 2011, Philadelphia . (DOI:10.1109/CTS.2011.5928716 ; pdf) Howe J The rise of Crowdsourcing - Wired issue 14 ( 2006 ) Retrieved Jan 17 2011 from Howe, J. The rise of Crowdsourcing.- Wired, issue 14 ( 2006 ). Retrieved Jan. 17, 2011 fromhttp://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds_pr.html Hoffmann, L. (March 2009). Crowd Control. Communications of the ACM, 52, 3, 18-19. Howe,Jeff. Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd is Driving the Future of Business. pp.(section II) Corney, Jonathan, Lynn, Andrew, Torres, Carmen, & Di Maio, Paola (2010). TowardsCorney, Jonathan, Lynn, Andrew, Torres, Carmen, & Di Maio, Paola (2010). TowardsCrowdsourcing Translation Tasks in Library Cataloguing, A Pilot Study. 4th IEEE InternationalConference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE DEST). Holley Rose (March/April 2010) Crowdsourcing: How and Why Should Libraries Do It? D-LibHolley, Rose. (March/April 2010). Crowdsourcing: How and Why Should Libraries Do It?. D LibMagazine, 16, 3/4. Retrieved Oct 2011 from: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march10/holley/03holley.html 35. Alphenaar, jan willem (Feb 2010). tips for Successful Crowdsourcing, Retrieved Oct. 2011From: http://www.slideshare.net/jwalphenaar/10-tips-for-successful-crowdsourcing Nov, Oded; Arazy, Ofer; & Anderson, David. (2010). Crowdsourcing for science:understanding and enhancing SciSourcing contribution, ACM CSCW 2010 Workshop on theChanging Dynamics of Scientific Collaborations. The Commons. www.flickr.com/commons Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program. http://www.nla.gov.au/ndp/ Picture Australia. http://www.pictureaustralia.org/ Digitalkoot. http://www.digitalkoot.fi/en/splash