Câu Hỏi Ôn Tập Hoa Hoc Dai Cuong

Bi tp ho

CU TO NGUYN T V BNG H THNG TUN HON

1. Ion R3+ c hai phn lp ngoi cng l 3p63d2a. Vit cu hnh electron ca R v R3+ di dng ch v .

b. Xc nh Z, chu k, nhm, phn nhm ca R.

c. Vit cng thc oxit cao nht ca R

d. Nu cc b tr s c th c ca 4 s lng t i vi 2 electron 3d2 ca ion R3+.

2. Mt nguyn t R thuc chu k 4 c th to hp cht kh dng RH3 v to oxit cao nht dng R2O5. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t R v cc ion R3+, R5+. Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng h thng tun hon.

3. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t c Z = 9, 11, 16. T hy cho bit:

a. Nguyn t no trong cc nguyn t trn c nng lng ion ho I1 ln nht, nguyn t no c nng lng ion ho I1 nh nht.

b. Cation v anion no d c to thnh nht t mi nguyn t.

4. Tnh nng lng ion ho ca nguyn t H; ion He+ v ion Li2+ trng thi c bn v gii thch s bin thin nng lng ion ho theo dy H, He+, Li2+.

5. Radi (Ra) Z = 88 l nguyn t kim th ( chu k 7). Hy d on nguyn t kim th tip theo s c s th t l bao nhiu.

LIN KT HO HC

1. Vit cc cng thc Lewis c th c ca cc phn t v ion sau: PO43-, SO42-, NO2-, NO2+, CO32-.2. Theo quan im ca thuyt cp e lin kt (thuyt ho tr v lin kt thuyt VB), hy gii thch:

a. Cc trng thi ho tr c th c ca S (Z = 16), Cl (Z = 17)

b. V sao nguyn t Nit (Z = 7) khng th c ho tr 5.

3. Dng thuyt cp e lin kt (thuyt VB) gii thch s to thnh cc phn t v ion: B2, BF, BF3, BF4-.

4. V sao phn t NH3 c dng thp tam gic, cn phn t BF3 c dng tam gic phng.

5. Hy gii thch ti sao trong dy:

H2O H2S H2Se gc lin kt cng gn vi gc vung?

6. Hy cho bit cc loi lin kt c trong cc phn t sau:

Cl2, O2, N2, CO2, (H2O)x, (HF)2, NH3, NH4+, KF

Bit m in ca H C O N F K

2,1 2,5 3,5 3,0 4 0,8

7. Trn c s thuyt VB, hy m t cc lin kt trong cc phn t: CH3 CH3; CH2 = CH2;

CH ( CH bng s xen ph cc AO. Ghi trn s : lin kt no l lin kt (, lin kt no l lin kt (.

8. Cho cc phn t v ion B2, B2+, F2, F2-a. Hy v gin nng lng cc MO v cu hnh e ca cc phn t v ion .

b. Tnh bc lin kt.

c. Nhn xt v bn lin kt v di lin kt ca B2 vi B2+, F2 vi F2-.

d. Nhn xt t tnh.

e. So snh cc kt qu trn vi phng php cp e lin kt (VB).

9. Hy cho bit cc AO c th tham gia to MO lin kt trong cc trng hp:

a. To phn t HF t H v F.

b. To phn t HCl t H v Cl.

c. To phn t CO t C v O.

6. Gii thch v sao nng lng ion ho ca cc phn t H2, N2, C2, CO cao hn nng lng ion ho ca cc nguyn t tng ng v nng lng ion ho ca cc phn t F2, O2, NO li thp hn nng lng ion ho ca cc nguyn t tng ng.

H C N O F

I1 ( kJ/mol ) 1308 1083 1396 1312 1675

H2 C2 N2 O2 F2 CO NO

I1 1488 1154 1507 1173 1526 1354 913

7. C cc phn t v ion sau: SO2, CO2, OF2, BF3, CF4, H3O+

Hy cho bit mi nguyn t trung tm ca cc phn t v ion trn c dng lai ho g v cu trc khng gian ca chng. Phn t no c mmen lng cc phn t bng khng, phn t no c mmen lng cc phn t khc khng?

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