왜 정보시스템 프로젝트는 실패하는가? (Why Information System Projects Fail?)

왜�� 정보시스템�� 프로젝트는�� 실패하는가? (Why Information System Projects Fail?)

2015. 8. 22.

Prof. Sangkyu RhoGraduate School of Business

Seoul National University

http://www.slideshare.net/srho/why-information-system-projects-fail

(CC BY-SA 3.0) Sangkyu Rho, SNU Business School

Who’s Sangkyu Rho?

• Profession: – 서울대�� 경영대�� 교수�� since 1995– 서울대�� 경영대�� MBA부학장�� from 2013 to 2014– 오가닉미디어랩 공동운영 since 2013

• Interests: – Data & Knowledge– Social & Network

• Contacts: – [email protected]– www.organicmedialab.com – Facebook: sangkyu.rho– LinkedIn: Sangkyu Rho– Twitter: @srho77

(CC BY-‐SA 3.0) Sangkyu Rho, SNU Business School

왜 내 정보시스템 프로젝트는:

• 항상�� 예산이�� 초과될까?

• 항상�� 목표�� 기한을�� 넘길까?

• 항상�� 결과가�� 기대에�� 못�� 미칠까?

• 끝나자�� 마자�� 새로운�� 프로젝트가�� 필요할까?

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정보시스템 프로젝트는 성공하기 어렵다

• 정보시스템�� 프로젝트의�� 50%만�� 성공*– 정보시스템�� 프로젝트의�� 1/3이�� 평균�� 41% 예산초과

– 정보시스템�� 프로젝트의�� 1/3이�� 평균�� 71% 기한초과

– 정보시스템�� 프로젝트의�� 12%가�� 취소

4* Sauer, C. et al., “Understanding Technology Project Risks and Predicting Project Performance, IS SIG Meeting, April 8, 2003., Standish Group, press release, April 23, 2009.


8 Hates by Susan Cramm

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IT 부서에 대한 선입견 [Cramm, 2010]

• IT 부서때문에�� 마음대로�� 할�� 수�� 있는�� 것이�� 없다.• IT 부서에는�� 말이�� 안통하는�� 컴퓨터광으로�� 가득차�� 있다.• IT 부서는�� 돈�� 먹는�� 하마이다.• IT 부서는�� 알아서�� 하지�� 않고�� 시켜야�� 한다.• IT 프로젝트는�� 도대체�� 끝나지가�� 않는다.• IT 부서는�� 도대체�� 비즈니스가�� 뭘�� 원하는지�� 모른다.• IT 부서는�� 혁신을�� 지원하는�� 것이�� 아니라�� 방해한다.• IT 부서는�� 좋은�� 소식을�� 전하는�� 적이�� 없다.

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(CC BY-‐SA 3.0) Sangkyu Rho, SNU Business School7

But


Who is Responsible for Failures?

• Business-Dumb IT Leaders

• IT-Dumb Business Leaders

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Business-Dumb IT Leaders Don’t Know:

• 비즈니스의�� 본질– 전산화 or Value Adding?

• 정보화에�� 따르는�� 변화의�� 범위�� 및�� 규모– Technology-oriented approach

• 정보요구사항�� 정의의�� 어려움– “IT managers don’t understand the true needs of the business.”– “Can’t see the forest.”– “Techies don’t listen and do as they wish.”

• 비즈니스�� 부서에서�� 하는�� 일– Meeting Revenue/Profit Goals

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IT-Dumb Business Leaders Don’t Know:

• 정보화의�� 본질– IT Revolution or Information Revolution?

• 정보화에�� 따르는�� 변화의�� 범위�� 및�� 규모– “We can buy IT-driven changes.”

• 정보요구사항�� 정의의�� 어려움– “They don’t know what they want.”– “The requirements keeps changing.”

• IT부서에서�� 하는�� 일– Plan (Architecture/Standards), Develop (Application), & Run

(Infrastructure)

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Who Should Be Responsible?

• IT Leaders

• Business Leaders

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In Reality, …

• 기업의�� 5-10%만 Business Leader의 책임

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Solutions?

• Business-Smart IT Leaders

• IT-Smart Business Leaders

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How to become IT Smart Business Leaders

• 책임져라 (Accountability)• 정보화의�� 본질을�� 이해하라 (Problem Definition)• 모든�� 것을�� 바꿔라 (Scope of Change)• 공유하고�� 재사용하라�� (Value Creation)• 제대로된�� 요구사항이�� 나올때까지�� 반복하라

(Requirement Determination)• IT부서와�� 파트너가�� 되어라 (IT Governance)

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정보화의�� 본질

• Information Technology Revolution?– Computers– Internet– Smart Phones– Big Data– IoT (Internet of Things) ...

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IT Does NOT Matter [Carr, 2003]

• “Scarce resource has strategic value.”• “IT is a commodity.”• “Spend less.”• “Follow, don’t lead.”• “Focus on vulnerabilities, not opportunities.”

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Big Data의�� 본질

• Technology Revolution?– Hadoop, R, …

• Information Revolution– “The real revolution is not in the machines that

calculate data but in data itself and how we use it.” – “By changing the amount [of data], we change the

essence.” [Mayer-Schonberger & Cukier, 2013]

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Internet of Things의�� 본질

• Technology Revolution?– Google Glass, Apple Watch, …

• Information Revolution– Everything is connected and communicates

continuously.– We have new relationships with other people and

things.

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정보화(Information Revolution)와세상의�� 가치

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물질 가치(Physical Value)

정보 가치(Information Value)

사물 (Thing) 책의 종이 책의 내용

활동 (Activity) 책을 구매하기 위한 이동 책을 선택하기 위한 고민

시장 (Market) 서점 / 책의 진열대 책의 거래에 필요한 정보

Organic Media Lab, 2015


정보화:�� 정보가�� 가치의�� 중심이�� 되는�� 과정

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Information Processing

Physical Activities

Information in Products

Physical Elements in Product

Organic Media Lab, 2014


정보화의�� 가속화[Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2013]

• Exponential Growth of Computing Powers

• Digitization and Datafication of Everything

• Combinatorial Innovation by Recombination

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Who is Responsible for Information Revolution?

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References

• 노상규, “성공적�� 경영혁신을�� 위한�� 전제�� 조건: IT-Dumb Leader에서 IT-Smart Leader 로,” 오가닉미디어랩, http://organicmedialab.com/2013/08/23/from-it-dumb-leader-to-it-smart-leader/, 2013.

• Susan Cram, “8 Things We Hate about IT,” HBR Blog, http://blogs.hbr.org/2008/06/8-things-we-hate-about-it/, 2008.

• Susan Cramm, 8 Things We Hate About IT, Harvard Business Review Press, 2010.

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E-mail: [email protected]: sangkyu.rhoLinkedIn: Sangkyu Rho

Twitter: @srho77