86
2102 4

البحث-الإجرائي

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

AR

Citation preview

  • 2102

    4

  • 2

  • 3

    2102

    4

  • 4

  • 5

    ) " "

    . (

    .

    ( )

    .

    :

    (0202 -) -

    (202 ) -

    " " -

    02000202

    -

    (0202 -" )"

    (0200 ) -

    (0200 ) -

    (0200 )

    ) -

    (0200 0200

    ( ) -

    01)

    (0200 7 -0200

    ) -

    (

    ( 0200 ) -

    .

    .( )

  • 6

  • 7

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    11

    11

    12

  • 8

  • 9

    (E3P1)

    ". "

    .

    (Action Research)

    .

    .

    .

    .

    ( )

    .

    )

    ( 2111

    .

  • 01

    :

    .1

    .2

    .3

    : .4

    .5

    .6

    .7

    :

    :

    :

    :

    : : 1

    : 2

    : 3

    : 4

    : 5

    :

    ( ) :

    :

    : 6

    : 7

    ( ): 8

    : : 9

    : 11

    : 1

    : 2

    ( ) : 3

    : 4

    :

    :

    ( ) :

    : 11

    7

    11

    11

    11

    13

    14

    14

    14

    16

    17

    19

    19

    21

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    27

    27

    28

    29

    29

    31

    33

    35

    36

    37

    39

    41

    42

    43

    43

    44

    45

  • 00

    : 12

    : 13

    : 14

    () : 15

    :

    :

    :

    :16

    ( ) :17

    : 5

    :

    :

    :

    : :18

    : : 19

    : :21

    :21

    :

    : 6

    : 7

    : 8

    : 9

    : 11

    : 11

    : 12

    :

    :

    :22

    : 23

    (Portfolio)(" ) " : 13

    : 14

    : 15

    46

    47

    49

    51

    51

    51

    52

    53

    55

    56

    57

    57

    58

    59

    61

    61

    63

    64

    65

    65

    66

    66

    67

    68

    69

    71

    71

    72

    73

    76

    77

    78

    79

    81

  • 02

  • 03

    .1

    " "

    "."

    .

    .

    ()

    .

    .

    .

    .2

    :

    (13 ) -

    ("E3P1" ) -

    -

    -

    -

    . -

    ( -" " )

    :

    -

    -

    ( ) -

    ( ) -

    .

  • 04

    :

    : ( )

    -

    -

    -

    . -

    :() -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    . -

    : -

    -

    ( ) -

    -

    . -

    : -

    -

    . -

    ()

    ( )

    :

    -

    () -

    . () -

    -

    . ( ) -

    -

    ( ) -

    . ( ) -

  • 05

    ( ) -

    ( ) -

    ( ) -

    ( ) -

    . ( ) -

    .3

    :

    -

    -

    21112111 - -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    - -

    -

    -

    .

  • 06

    : .4

    : ( )

    .

    .1

    .2

    .

    :

    .3

    ( ) .4

    .

    :

    ( )

    .5

    .6

    .7

    .

    :

    .8

    .9

    .

    :

    .11

    .11

    .

    :

    .12

    . .13

    .14

    .

    :

  • 07

    .5

    :

    -

    -

    -

    -

    ( ) -

    ( / ) -

    -

    ( )( )

    -

    .

    .6

    :

    -

    ) -

    (

    -

    ( ) -

    .

    .7

    ( )( )

    . ( )

    16

    :

  • 08

    /

    ()

    ()

    ( )

    ( 3)

    3

    ( 3)

    4

    ( 3)

    ( 3)

  • 09

    :

    :

    ( )

    :

    :

    :

    :

  • 21

  • 20

    :

    :

    ( )

    .

    ( ) .1

    . .2

    : : 1

    : 2

    : 3

    : 4

    : 5

    : * ) :

    (

    : / : : )

    : /

    : /

    .(

    :

    . ( 31 21 7 5 ) 4 )*(:

    ( 12 )

    ( 41 )

    .

  • 22

    :

    :

    :

    :

    ( 21 )

    :

    .

    .

    ( )

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

  • 23

    : :1

    (702-700 . : (. 2102. ) )

    (4 3 2 0 41 31 ) 0 : 0

    :

    .

    *

    .

    (. )

    .

    .

    .

    .

    " " - .

    . .

    ( )

    .

    .

    ( )

    .

    " " " " .

  • 24

    :2

    (8-7 : (. 2114) )

    (4 3 2 0 41 31 ) 2 : 2

    :

    .

    .

    (. 1987 )

    .

    .

    .

    .

    )

    . (. ) (

    .

    .

    ( ) ( )

    (www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/arp/aandr.html ).

    )...(

    .

    (.1987 )

    )...(

    .

    .

    (.2111 )

    .

    .

    http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/arp/aandr.html

  • 25

    :3

    ( 2101 )

    (4 3 2 0 41 31 ) 3 : 3

    : ()

    .

    .1

    (. objectif nomologique)

    .

    .2

    .

    .

    .3

    .

    .

    .4

    .

    .

    .5

    .

    .

    .

    .6

    ()

    . ( )

    ...( )

    .

    .7

    )

    (.

    (Thorie

    de laction )

    .

    .8

    .

    )

    (

  • 26

    :4

    (4 3 2 0 41 31 ) 4 : 4

    :

    .

    .

    .

    .

    ( )

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 27

    :5

    ( 31 )

    (x) ( ) :

    .

    .1

    .2

    ( ) .3

    .4

    .5

    .6

    .7

    .8

    .9

    .11

    .11

    .12

    .13

    .14

    .15

    .16

    .17

    .18

    .19

    .21

  • 28

  • 29

    :

    ( ) :

    ( )

    .

    ( ) .3

    . ( ) .4

    : 6

    : 7

    ( ): 8

    : : 9

    : 11

    :1

    : 2

    ( ) : 3

    : 4

    : ) )

    : 1 )

    : 4 ( ): 3 : 2

    ( :

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

  • 31

    :

    ( ) :

    :

    ( )

    ( 21 )

    :

    ( )

    ( )

    (.) ( ) :

    .

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

    ......................................................................................

  • 30

    : 6 ( )

    (4 3 2 0 41 31 ):

    :

    .

    "...

    .

    .

    ..."

    "...

    ..."

    "...

    ..."

    "...

    .

    ..."

  • 32

    : 7

    (02-00 : (. 2114) )

    (4 3 2 0 41 31 : )

    :

    ( )

    .

    1981)

    (2111 *:

    ( ): .1

    .

    . : .2

    : .3

    .

    (. ) : .4

    (:1981 ) .

    . -1

    . ( ) -2

    . . -3

    . -4

    . -5

    . -6

    . -7

    : . : (. 1981) ) (. : . (. 2111) /

  • 33

    ( ): 8

    ( )

    (4 3 2 0 41 31 : )

    : ( )

    .

    .

    .

    : )...(

    .

    :

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 34

    .(Action Research)

    )...(

    .

    :

    . ...

    :

    -1

    -2

    ( ) -3

    -4

    -5

    -6

  • 35

    : :9 (3-2 )

    (www.qattanfoundation.org/pdf/1186_2.doc 2112-5-15

    (4 3 2 0 41 31 ) :

    :

    ( )

    .

    .

    ((McNiff, Lomax & Whitehead, (1996) ; Elliot (1992); LaBoskey, (1994) .

    .(Edward & Hensen, 1999) :

    . - . ( ) - . - . - . - . - (McNiff, 1997). ... -

    .

  • 36

    " "" " .

    .(Andres & Richardson, 1991)

  • 37

    :11

    ( 31 )

    :

    ( )

    (x )

    (. 6 ).

    :

    - 1

    : - 2

    - 3

    - 4

    - 5

    - 6

    - 7

    - 8

    - 9

    - 10

    - 11

    - 12

    - 13

    - 14

    - 15

    - 16

    - 17

    - 18

    - 19

    - 20

  • 38

    :

    ( 31 )

    : 3

    ( ) : -1

    ( ) : -2

    : -3

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

  • 39

    :1

    ( 2112 )

    .

    : 179 ( ) : 2119

    : 2111 2119

    : 178

    :

    .

    .

    .

    2111

    )

    (.

    ( 3 )

    :

    ( 48)

    ( 335)

    .

  • 41

    : http://www.recherchepedagogique.ma

    .

    :

    .

    .............

    54 69 28 30 18 25 8 14

    )...( . 1 )...( -)...( -)...( - )...( -

    . 2

    )...( . 3

    . 4

    :

    http://www.recherchepedagogique.ma

  • 40

    :2

    (703-702 . : (. 2102. ) )

    : .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    :

    .

    .

    .

    " " .

    .

    :

    .

    ...

    ...:

    . .

    .

    .

    :

    .

    .

    ...

    ! .

  • 42

    . :

    .

    :

    .

    !

  • 43

    ( ) :3

    ( )

    " () ()"

    .

    (Stenhouse, 1975) " "

    : ( )( ) ( )

    "

    .

    (.Stenhouse, 1986" )

    .

    " "

    " Reflective Teaching" "

    (Zeichner, 1993)

    .

    .

    "Emancipation"" ( Stenhouse) .

    " () ()"

    .

    "classroom research" "

    :

    . .1

    . ( ) .2

    .3

    .

    . .4

    . .5

    .

  • 44

    : 4

    (05-04 7 2110 )

    .

    .

    .

    )...(

    .

    )...( ...

    .

    .

    . .

    How do I improve my work" "

    .

    .

    .

    .

    " "

    . :

    . )...(

    ( ) .

    . .

    .

    . .

    .

  • 45

    :

    :

    ( 3 : )

    .

    ( ) . 5

    . 6

    . .7

    :11

    :12

    :13

    :14

    () : 15

    ( ( ) )

    )

    (

    : 2 : 1 )

    (. : 4 : 3

    ( ) :

    ..................................................................................

    ..................................................................................

    ..................................................................................

    .................................................................................. ..................................................................................

    ..................................................................................

    ..................................................................................

    ..................................................................................

    ..................................................................................

    .................................................................................. ..................................................................................

    ..................................................................................

    .................................................................................. ..................................................................................

  • 46

    :

    :

    ( ) :

    ( 61 )

    : -

    : -

    ( ) : -

    . : -

    :

    :4 )

    :( :5

    :

    .

    ( )

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

  • 47

    :11

    (21 2114 )

    (4 3 2 0 45 31 ):

    :

    (... () )

    :

    -

    . -

    ..

    .1

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    .3

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    .4

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    .5

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    .6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    .7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    .8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  • 48

    :12

    (Berthon, La Recherche-Action, 2000)

    (4 3 2 0 45 31 ):

    :

    (... () )

    :

    -

    . -

    - -

    ( )

    :

    ......... .........

    ......... .........

    ......... .........

    ......... .........

    ......... .........

    ......... .........

  • 49

    :13

    (08 2114 )

    (4 3 2 0 45 31 ):

    :

    (... () )

    :

    -

    . -

    :

    :

    -1

    -2

    -3

    -4

    -5

    ( ) -6

    -7

    ... -8

    .

    .

    : ( Lewin)

    Lewin)) .

    . (JeanMcNiff)

  • 51

    ......... .........

    ......... .........

    ......... .........

    ......... .........

    ......... .........

    ......... .........

  • 50

    :14

    ( )

    (4 3 2 0 45 31 )

    :

    (... () )

    :

    -

    . -

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 52

    () :15

    ( )

    ( 45 )

    :

    ()

    :

    .

    .

    ...( ) : -

    : -

    : -

    : -

    .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................................

    ................................................................................................................................

    .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................................

    ................................................................................................................................

    .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................................

    ................................................................................................................................

    .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................................

    ................................................................................................................................

    .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................................

    ................................................................................................................................

    .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................................

    ................................................................................................................................

    .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................................

    ................................................................................................................................

    .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................................

    ................................................................................................................................

  • 53

    :

    :

    ( )

    ( )

    .

    ( ) . 8

    . 9

    :16

    ( ) :17

    : 5

    ) :

    (

    :

    ( ) -

    ( ) -

    -

    ....................................................

    ....................................................

    ....................................................

    ....................................................

    ....................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

  • 54

    :

    :

    : :

    ( 21 )

    :

    :

    ( )

    .

    ( )

    ..................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................

    .................................................................

    .................................................................

    .................................................................

    .................................................................

    .................................................................

    .................................................................

    .................................................................

    .................................................................

    .................................................................

    .................................................................

    .................................................................

    ............................................................................................................................................................................................................

    ............................................................................................................................................... .............................................................

    ............................................................................................................................................... .............................................................

    ............................................................................................................................................................................................................

    ............................................................................................................................................................................................................

    ............................................................................................................................................... .............................................................

    ............................................................................................................................................... .............................................................

    ............................................................................................................................................................................................................

  • 55

    :16

    ( 2111-2119 )

    ( 111 : )

    :

    -

    -

    . -

    -1

    .

    - 2

    :

    : :

    ...

    -: :

    -

    - 3

    :

    ( )

    ...

    .

    . ( )

    . -

    . -

    . -

    . -

    -

    .

    . -

    . -

  • 56

    - 4

    :

    .

    : .

    . -

    . -

    :

    . : 1

    . : 2

    :

    : 1

    .

    : 2

    .

    - 5

    .

    .

    :

    :

    .

    . :

    .

    .

  • 57

    ( ) :17

    (2117 )

    (http://teachers.net.qa/content/research/detail/1143) 2112 31

    ( 61 : )

    : -

    .

    : : )

    :

    - 1

    - 2

    - 3

    - 4

    - 5 (

    :

    : )

    (

    : )

    (

    :

    :

    -1

    -2

    -3

    -4

    -5

    :

    :

    -1

    -2

    -3

    -4

    -5

    -6

    -7

    -6

    -7

    http://teachers.net.qa/content/research/detail/1143

  • 58

    : 5

    ............................................: .......................................... :

    ......................................................................................................................................................:

    ....................................................................................................................................... :

    .........................................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................: ( )

    ........................................... .......................................... ..................................................... .............................................

    ..........................................:

    .1

    .2

    .3

    :

    -

    -

    -

    -

  • 59

    :

    : ( )

    .

    ( ) . 11

    . . 11

    : :18

    : : 19

    : :21

    :21

    : 6

    : 7

    : 8

    : 9

    : 11

    : 11

    : 12

    ) : )

    :

    : 1 -

    : 2 -

    : 3 -

    : 4 -

    ) )

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

  • 61

    :

    :

    : :

    ( 41 )

    :

    .

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

    ...............................................................................................................................................................................

  • 60

    : :18

    ( 6-2 1431 )

    (4 3 2 0 45 40 : )

    :

    -

    : -

    ...

    :

    ( )( ) .

    .

    ( )

    :

    .

    : :

    . -

    . -

    . -

    -

    .

    : :

    . -

    . -

    . -

    -

    .

  • 62

    : : 19

    ( 11-6 1431 )

    (4 3 2 0 45 40 )

    :

    .

    : -

    ...

    "

    .

    .

    : :

    -

    ( ) ( )

    .

    -

    .

    : -

    . () -

    . () -

    :

    . -

    . -

    . -

    . -

    ::

    . -

    -

    .

  • 63

    : :21

    ( 17-11 1431 )

    (4 3 2 0 45 40 )

    : -

    .

    .

    " "

    .

    -

    . -

    -

    .

    :

    . -

    -

    .

    :

    . -

    -

    .

    :

    :

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 64

    . )

    ...( .

    .1

    .2

    .

    .3

    .

    4.

    5.

    6.

    7.

    8.

    9.

    11.

    11.

    12.

    13.

    14.

    15.

    16.

  • 65

    :21 (4 3 2 0 45 41 )

    :

    60

    .

    :

    .

    : 6 3 : "...

    ..."

    .1

    .2

    .3

    .4

    .5

    .6

    .7

    .8

    .9

    .11

    .11

    .12

    .13

    .14

    .15

    .16

    .17

    .18

    .19

    .21

  • 66

    :

    ( 51 : )

    : 3

    ( ) : -1

    ( ) : -2

    : -3

    .

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

  • 67

    .

    :6 (02 : (. 2114) )

    (:1981 ) .

    . -1

    . ( ) -2

    . . -3

    . -4

    . -5

    . -6

    . -7

    :7 (723-722 . : (. 2112. ) )

    .

    .

    )*(

    .

    .

    .

    ( : ) :

    ! : (. : )

    .

    .

    " " )*( ...

  • 68

    : 8

    ( )

    : -6

    .

    : -7

    .

    :

    : -8

    .

    : 9 (723 . : (. 2112. ) )

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    "Action" - -

    - .

    : . -

    .

    .

    .

  • 69

    : 11

    (84 2114 )

    .

    .

    " case-study"

    .

    .

    :

    .

    .

    ....

  • 71

    :11

    : ( Winter,1989)

    .1

    .

    .

    .2

    .

    .

    .3

    .

    .

    .4

    .

    . .

    .5

    .

    .

    " " " .6

    "

    ( )( )

    .

  • 70

    :12

    (Tournier, 1978, pp.220-224)

    .

    . ( )

    .

    " "

    . " " 1914 (Business Schol de Harvard)

    (Lewin et Morno)

    .

    " (Mucchielli)

    . "

    .

    .

    .

    . ( )

    : (Mucchielli)

    " " .1

    :

    ...

    . -

    . ( )

    " "

    .

    ( ) .2

    (Mucchielli)

    . 15 12

  • 72

    . " "

    16 12

    .

    .3

    (Mucchielli)

    .

    ...

    .4

    .

    .

    ...

    :

    ... : 1

    : 2

    ...

    : 3

    .

    ./ . ...

    :*

    .

    .

    ...

  • 73

    :

    :

    ( 3 )

    .

    ( ) . 12

    . . 13

    . . 14

    ( ) :22

    : 23

    (Portfolio) "() " : 13

    : 14

    : 15

    .

    ....................................................

    ....................................................

    ....................................................

    ....................................................

    ....................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

    ..........................................................

  • 74

    :

    :

    :22

    ( )

    :

    .

    -1

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -2

    -

    -

    -

    -3

    -

    -

    -

    -4

    -

    -

    -

    -5

    -

    -

    -

    -6

    -

    -

    -

    -

  • 75

    : 23

    ( 31-25 )

    :

    .

    .1

    ) .

    . . (

    :

    -

    -

    . -

    .2

    .

    :

    -

    .

    . -

    . -

    -

    .

    . -

    .3

    .

    .

    .

    . -

    . -

  • 76

    . -

    . -

    . -

    . -

    . -

    . -

    .4

    -

    (flipcharts) -

    ( ) -

    -

    ( ) -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    : .5

    ...( )

  • 77

    ( )

    .

    .6

    ( )

    ) .).

    .7

    :

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 78

    (Portfolio) "() " :13

    :

    :

    .

    ( )

    .

    .

    ( ) .

    .

    (Portfolio)( )

    (Goupil, G. & G. Lusignan (2006). Le portfolio au secondaire. Montral : Chancelire)

    (: )

    .

    .

    )

    (.

    ( )

    .

    .

    ( )

    :

    .

    ( )

    .

    ( )

    .

  • 79

    :14

    (26-25 2111 )

    ( )

    "." .

    .

    .

    ". " .

    )...(

    : .

    -1

    .

    . -2

    .

    .

    . .

    . -3

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    :

    . : - 1

    . : - 2

    . : - 3

    .2112 23

  • 81

    :15

  • 80

    : 3

    -1

    ( ) -2

    -3

    .

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................................................

  • 82

    :

    . : . ( 1431)

    .

    . 10 2 . (. 2119) .

    (. 2114. )

    : (. 2114 13 )

    .

    . (. 2114. )

    . : (. 2111 1 )

    . (. 2112 . )

    . - .

    . :

    . . (. 2115 . )

    . : (. 2115 16 )

    . (. 2117. )

    : 2112 22 .

    http://teachers.net.qa/content/research/detail/1143

    . : (. 2112. ) .

    . : .

    . . (. 2111. )

    . : .

    . : (. 2114. )

    : 2112 31 .

    http://teachercc.org/index.php?action=publication&val=books&name=%DF%CA%C8&lang=ar

    : . .

    . (. 2111-2119. )

    . : .

    http://teachers.net.qa/content/research/detail/1143http://teachercc.org/index.php?action=publication&val=books&name=%DF%CA%C8&lang=ar

  • 83

    :

    Carr. W and Kemmis S.(1986). Becoming Critical: Education, Knowledge and Action

    Research. London: The Falmer Press/Taylor and Francis.

    2.Carter, K. and Halsall, R. (1993)? Teacher Research for school Improvement in

    Halsall, R(ed.) Teacher Research and School Improvement " , Buckingham: Open

    University Press,

    .3.Corey, S. (1953) Action Research to Improve School Practices. New York: Columbia

    University, Teachers College Press.

    4.Edge J and Richards K. (1993). Teachers Develop Teachers Research. Oxford:

    Heinemann Edge.

    5.Elliot , J. (1991). Action Research for Educational Change. Buckingham: Open

    University Press.

    Goupil, G. & G. Lusignan (2006). Le portfolio au secondaire. Montral : Chancelire.

    6.Hopkins , D (1993). A Teacher's Guide to Classroom Research. Bucking ham : Open

    University Press.

    7.Kemmis S and McTaggart.(1998). The Action Research Planner. Third Edition.

    Geelong, Victoria: Deakin University Press.

    8. Lewin, Kurt. (1946). Action Research and Minority Problems. Journal of Social

    Issues 2.

    9.McNiff, J. (1988). Action Research: Principles and Practice. Basingstoke, Macmillan

    10.Mills, G. E. (2000). Action Research: A guide for teacher researcher. Upper Saddle

    River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc

    11.Nunan D. (1993). Action research in language education. In Edge J andRichards K.

    1993.Teachers Develop Teachers Research. Oxford: Heinemann.

    12. Winter, Richard. (1989).Learning From Experience: Principles and Practice in

    Action-Research. Philadelphia: The Falmer Press.

    13.Schon D A. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: Toward a New Design for Teaching

    and Learning in the Professions. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

    14.Stenhouse , L. (1975). An Introduction to Curriculum , Research andDevelopment .

    London: Heinemann.

    15.Strickland D. (1988). The teacher as researcher: towards the extended professional.

    Language Arts . 65.

    16.Wallace , M. (1991). Training For Language Teachers. A. Reflective Approach.

    Cambridge University Press,

    18.Watts,H, (1985). When teachers are researchers, teaching improves. in Journal of

    Staff Development, 6 (2)

    19.Zeichner, K.M. (1993). Action research: personal renewal and social

    reconstruction. Educational Action Research, 1 (2).

  • 84

    :

    http://www.actionresearch.ca

    www.aou.edu.jo/actionmag/

    http://www.jeanmcniff.com/

    http://www.bath.ac.uk/~edsajw/

    http://www.did.stu.mmu.ac.uk/carn/

    http://www.open.ac.uk/cobe/docs/AR-Guide-final.pdf

    www.qattanfoundation.org/

    http://www.recherchepedagogique.ma

    http://www.sou.edu/education/Action_Research.htm

    http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/09650792.asp

    http://teachercc.org/index.php?action=publication&val=books&name=%DF%CA%C8&la

    ng=ar

    http://teachers.net.qa/content/research/detail/1143

    http://www.actionresearch.ca/http://www.aou.edu.jo/actionmag/http://www.jeanmcniff.com/http://www.bath.ac.uk/~edsajw/http://www.did.stu.mmu.ac.uk/carn/http://www.open.ac.uk/cobe/docs/AR-Guide-final.pdfhttp://www.qattanfoundation.org/http://www.sou.edu/education/Action_Research.htmhttp://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/09650792.asphttp://teachercc.org/index.php?action=publication&val=books&name=%DF%CA%C8&lang=arhttp://teachercc.org/index.php?action=publication&val=books&name=%DF%CA%C8&lang=arhttp://teachers.net.qa/content/research/detail/1143

  • 85

  • 86

    (USAID)