adG YdG dGY

2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG150

.MHh bf

adG YdG dGY

d HCG a

e sfEG `````T e Y `````g b

.AGOS GdG c a hJ ,OS CG dG

hJ Gn````` nf nCGh hdG `````L CG H

dG H `````ddG Ha ,`````a

OLh GfG :dEG dG qj bh ,OSCG

X a k`````dc dG GO `````e `````UdG

QSGh AdG fG GPEa ;ee jDhdGh

,gOLh Mh jDhdG `````Y fG ,AT CG

eSh AdG OLh jDhdG hT e sC

a J IN CG `````gh .dG SdG

,AdG gh ,LQN T dEG Y T

,QdG dEG H e dH `````a

c d ,iNCG Hh ,fHh c AHG

H OGj LQN e GP gQJh gOLh

T c d EGh ,YVdG bGdG c

if ,dG S `````a .kLQN YJ

e dh ,g LGj e dG `````WSH

AYCGh AMCG e g `````eLCG H J

AdG OLh T CG V poa `````dh .ILCGh

UdG d ,WY dG fch ,e

c aH j d gh ;H Y g

Soj dG SdG eCG .IdH GdG

adG YdG dGY

151 2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG

,OLdG dEG dG dG dP GN E H ,OLdG dEG dG dG dP GN E H ,OLdG dEG dG dG dP G

SQe CG ,dH jDhdG J g sfEa

.Xd SdG

:g J j jgL SC G K ,dh

LQO SdG QdG J J g

bGdG a g d HdG hC G jdG e

?YVdG

?H HdGh HdG f g ch

j b ,ke ,kG`````je GQC G e `````a

?GQC G e N Yh ,kHe bGdG a

JGP `````g `````FdG IQG`````SG EG C G

?YVdG bGdG a IOLe IQGSG

Evolution Q`````dG `````jf `````J H ddG `````eEG HH `````LddG

,c pQdG GdH CG ,g AdH SM EG

dP hM C ,`````g bGdG A`````dGh

dP CG d ,iNCG IQHh ,dG Aa `````j

Af jdG f c `````d kM kbGh c

f EG CG Va dh .jOLe BG fCH

gGj H ,`````gf c kGQ`````f QdG i`````j

YdG jh ,kc dG ijh ,kfe kGQH

,kGQf Wh IC G`````dG H jh ,kN

.?SdGh AdH `````f Gd qj a

HfG dG CG QdG jf cJh

LQdGh NGdG `````dG SQJ `````dG

IQb cCG OGaCG Y j ,dG Fd

dG Z `````eh ,SdGh DhdG `````Y

GhR dEG OD`````jh kYON dG `````j CG

jh ,IVMh Fb Gf CG C ,G`````f CG

V Y `````Y a HfG `````dG

,Invisible Hand dG `````dG ,IdG Y Y `````a ,jObG `````j c

.H f dG V

`````dG c`````dG `````J `````jh

Y cGQO EG `````HdG Hh GQO EH

:bCG KK

,SGdG `````b H `````J c`````e -1

J jh `````jOdG YVdH CG

OLh H `````eh ,Ldf CG c`````dH

LQNh dSGh jOdG YVdG

(1).H WJQG hC G cQdG GdG Y

,f `````SGdH e c`````e -2

cdG `````J `````Y `````j CG `````jh

SGdG f c b e ,LdH EG

ed jPfh `````gjJh d

Gg ieh ,jOdG YVdG e IOQGdG

H SGdG O`````J M e `````jdG

jdG c e GPEG aeh fOh Y J

Jh J SGdG CG C G kFfG C G kaT

YVdG e gJ dG edG a

SdG e Ib ae dEG aVEG ,jOdG

.GQO EG IQU Y KC Gh

,SGdG H `````H Je ce -3

gJ `````jWh `````c pQdG G`````dH CG

adG YdG dGY

2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG152

cdH `````Sh `````jh ,`````SM Ed

.LdedG

`````LdedG c`````dG `````JJ

,kKh kWJQG `````LdH EG cdH

LdedG YdG dGY jJ M

J hT jH YGdG FdG H

:dEG dP Ojh ,LdH EG

H `````J a :`````SdG `````f -1

FdG J SM YGdG FdG

.iN CG YGdG

id `````j b :`````SdG `````e -2

jJ d SdG `````f YGh Fc

,e c a J `````dG dG a

Yh fO SMEG Y jd CG `````H

.e

:SdG a edG f `````c -3

FdG `````a f `````SdG `````J a

f `````jH `````J `````d ,`````YGdG

.e c a edG

:`````dG Resolution ````` rdG -4 Jh ,IO`````e `````je IQb `````SM `````d

Sd dG dG hj IQ`````dG d

S Yh .`````d edG H I`````MGdG

Z Ie `````cdG jDhQ J ,`````dG

VY j `````eY f EG `````Y e

fdH Ie 25 Qb QGH dG dG

Y Ie 100 `````dGM j H ,k`````jJ

e Ggh ,QdGh GdG `````e dG

gGf e Ge HQC G CHC G cdG iJ fC G

.f

HMh SGdG aT

,dG OMCG dG `````edG CG hj

ddG H c e EG C G`````j CG j h

ddG e `````cQj eh ,HdG `````dG

d dEG j CG j e c g LQdG

J hCG dG a T Ca ,UdG

L JdG a Ge CGh AG`````dG

ddHh ,UdG d dEG LJ CG j

dG gOLh e ZdG `````Y cQj

,Lj eh .`````dG SdG Cj `````dG

,OhdG HC G dEG aGMG `````LJ Lj

(edG `````eM `````fC G) `````j `````H

c C kLe k`````f C GJ fCG `````J CG

dG g GSH `````J Jh J

dH zMJ{ `````c ke N .`````jdG

.jf EG `````dH zApple{ h ,`````HdG a keJ aNG `````j dG Ga

e Y `````j d `````T `````SQ

d d dG dG ````` seC G .he MGh

ge a ha HdG dG a He

a hCG IY `````c a MT `````N e

dch .f `````dG GOdG e L

j PEG `````edG dEG `````dH eCG `````g

adG YdG dGY

153 2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG

jH `````JdG `````a `````LdG GQOEG

d J ILCG SH ,ITe Z

P Cd j Ye GUCG dEG `````dJh

iNCG M `````fH dEG hC G H `````J CG

CG Va dh .iN CG `````SGM J

dG IAGb j NBG cc e kFc qK

JAGb dO S a C Gf dG `````f

d ,H ?Y J a JAGd He

CGjh j ZeO j FdG G`````g CG

,FdG Ge CG dch JdG G`````e CG

Y ,Gfh f `````e ,ijh S a

.?ddG `````a jJ K C G `````He f

Z jH dP Y HL EG QJ j

d SdG jOdG Geda :ITe

S e J a YJ dG A`````dG

a f EG `````d He H `````d dGh

dG IQdG `````HJ GPEa ,Y `````c

,ITe G`````f e e G`````edG `````J

Fb `````g d k`````He G`````f `````e EG `````b

Ge CG J GedG CG `````dPh .g

e ,ITe `````WehdG FdG

Y Ge CG J `````LJ K ,keJ fY

j GdC Gh `````TC G dEG YVe `````f

jW CG `````dEG fG jh ,`````gGf CG

GedG `````ah dG a `````edG f

gh NBG `````J gh .I`````MGh `````jW

jU jOj CG `````H dG M Qhj

CG Hh ,jR `````j :jh fH `````ddG

:jOjh d kGe kee `````jOj

LH b g dG e EG .jR `````j

HdG IQT EG d dEG `````JdG GeCG

He JU GeCG dEG LJ OYCG K

dEG bCG CGdG dh .V CG H e

He H J SGdG CG g GdG

NGdG dG LJ PEG ,fBG d

J FHc Y d dEG LQdGh

M ,edG dEG `````aGdG YCG a

QYH ,dG jh .`````dGh IAGdG J

ddG YVe Qj edG EG ,S e

Hh ,ITe `````T jH `````LQdG

cC Gh (2)

ITe e H bCG jH ;OCG

dPh ,J hC G I`````Te `````Z e H

aGd j dG dG `````dG V

.QhH J CG (SGM)

S :`````HdG GDdG Y k`````HGLh

keJ Gfh f e `````FdG dP iSh

J dGh `````dG `````SM `````fc GPEG

jdH `````JdGh FdG `````LdG

dh ,f EG Y `````H J dG f

,dP `````N eCG .f `````jdG I`````dG

Hd ae cGQOEG HJ `````a

.d He d d

VQ CG dEG `````Fa Fc b `````d seC G

ehdG Ge CG `````J j

adG YdG dGY

2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG154

W eH dch ,`````W GdC G H

d ddG G`````d ,Jh AGdG `````fG

a OLe g Y k`````eJ e IQH

,PEG ,JQb OhM qM dG `````a .cGQOEG

dH ddG J e IQ`````dG J Y

ij dG TdG gh .?OhdG dG

e bGh cC G dd IQU j `````fPCH

QNH ,`````dG jh .?`````f EG id

GQb e M f c j e sEG ,jT

e j CG j `````e aCG g eh

eh .OLdG `````a QGSGh `````FH `````LC G

SGH cQf e Ea ,FjdG `````MdG

e j AL EG g e ATCG c e

Ggh ,AT CG J dG dG W

,gQHGh dG G`````NG e d AdG

Y IQOdG QK BG J J j e H

.Yjh f EG j e g AT CG

J SGdG aT sEG ,dG Lh

e YdG dEG (3)

kYVe kdY QJ fC G

.YdG dP j jHCH J CG H

kYVe kdY J f Ca LM fEG seC G

.IQhdH (4)

kM kbGh kdY J h

GQO EG Ldea

f EG Y `````dG T a `````Lj

SdG `````dG `````e GfC G `````KK

dG gMCG `````j (G`````d CG) A`````d

ddGh `````N CG `````dG N BGh `````M CG

Gd CG ,PEG ,i`````f `````a .QRCG `````dG

GPEG ,ke ,`````UCG dG `````j .?iN CG

M CG fd FdG dG J

U CG `````da ;e `````H N CGh

L sEG dG ah .`````YGNG e PEG

AV e EG PEG ,YGNG e GdCG

d e d ,k`````e ,M CG dG

a ,d d H AdG C k`````bWEG

J fEG ,`````Wehc GeCG O`````e

edG j AdG e e Le d

FdG Lda .`````M CG dG `````H

kGOLh LJ ,MCG d fC G Y I qdG

Y Jh ,Q`````dG a g kYVe

;dG GdG dEG dH MCG d sfC G

,GQOEG `````UH JGP `````MCG CG `````H

Wehc GeCG `````UH YVeh

.Oe Le W e

kH jDhQ Y ,PEG ,j dG a

?M CG dG iJ d zAGM{

TC G `````g dG Y `````j `````e -1

eff (650) `````LdG `````dW `````FV

.a hC G d d kjJ

e Y A`````dG Gg KDj -2

dS `````a ,dG T `````a `````FV

Y edG `````dEG `````J Hc `````Y

.dG dG

adG YdG dGY

155 2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG

IdG dSdG g edG j -3

k`````fd iQCG `````fEG : (`````dG `````ddG)

.MCG

cGQO EG HdG g M CG da -4

.eff (650) LdG d

Gg kFGO `````j `````edG CG `````H -5

:Ea M CG dH LdG dG

LdG dG h`````j M CG dG

.kjJ eff (650)

HdG a LdedG HdG ,PEG

eff (650) `````LdG d `````cGQO EG

a) g OLe M CG EG CG .MCG g

eff (650) `````LdG dGh ,(G`````dG

Hh .(LQdG ddG `````a) g OLe

M CG dG EG f ,GP aj G`````g CG

.g

Aa CG `````Mf ,i`````NC G L `````eh

j SdG e ej dG edG

e Hc GQGO ,I`````MGh W e

e dG FSdG `````g dc ,(0 , 1)

CG M `````J UN `````Hc `````W

j eh .`````Yf c e M i`````e

dG edG IAG`````b CG dEG `````fG

d eGe f Yh ke j gJh

,ke .dG ddH `````dG dG

V kjH kc iJ `````Y J eY

fC G H ,d dG dG dG

YdG dEG `````jdG dSdG Uh `````Y

kec dSdG i`````e YdG a `````j

C ,Lh Jch ahM Oe dh

V eh ,AGLCH dh mH lYh `````YdG

h h edGh adGh RQ`````dG g dG

a hdGh fH Oj dG dEG ...h

.dG Ibh IT

EG `````dG Y `````j `````S `````eh

c H g A`````dG :AH Yh `````YdG

QJ `````MJ i`````J `````ea , Whole K Mh MdG `````Th U CG dG

,MJ `````e d `````H dEG `````cJ

fEG ,e `````c Vh `````L H

Gg a dG Ggh .c d kc QJ

CG a ,jZ a e GQOEG jW

ch f EG Y ja AdGh dG

e Ic Ye `````dEG j e a

ke Y a `````bH SdG dG

a b c gh ,IMGh c dG d

dc ,keJ a (Me c H) c

ce a a Kh .GQO EG `````a g

dG U :dG GP a CG H J

Y dG a gh J VdG jH IQH J JDeh IjY aCG e dCJ

-1) cG hC G J hO `````e eJ ja

.(2012 ,ZCG ,dj ,fc

cdG g CG kW fMCG qj eY

adG YdG dGY

2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG156

:dG Y Q`````jh MdG jj ,`````MJ

dG H HQ dG id a ,MJ

,ch c dG d dG AdG GPh

zMJ{ `````edG hC G dG G`````g `````jh

Gc dG `````d dG A`````dG dEG `````j

j kT jGdG a dG Qj .Gch

dG hC G dG GPh ,IO`````e H

AdG `````dP Y j Q`````dG z`````MJ{

QGdG jh ,`````dG H `````dG

j dG jON CG dH `````j Qc

d j eYh .AdH SM EG a

dG QdG `````j H a zMJ{

YdG dEG IQdG `````jONCG a Gjh

HJ Hh ,adGh dG a ITe

OY bCH AcG j QGdG `````e ac

.dG aeh d jON CG e

j dG IjdG dG H `````eh

a dG g dG j b ,AdG H

:ddG `````dG Y AT CG `````Y dG

,M CG ZCG a ,VdG Q`````j jGH

H Qj K ,e T d AT fC G `````Y

dh M e iNCG c d Ac dP

Y ,dP Me jh .`````FGQh Wh

Sj PEG ,WCG SQ a ,Y f

a ,J jJ jH A`````T CG

,SC GdG J IFGO T Y f EG `````SQ

Y N HQC G GW CGh lN dGh

,MdG e dEG IOdHh .`````e fdG

e OL GPEG MdG `````e j dG e

FGdGh `````dG ;jfdG `````Jc L

AdG dP g :GdG ?dGh dGh

e H Mh MdG `````T d dG

fC G fYG GPEGh .`````SGdG d `````gaJ

kjC G jfK `````c (dGh `````dG)

,e MdG `````fOLh (jb `````d)

g Y ?dP H `````e j dG a

`H MdG e H e fc j MdG

j dG ,Noumenon JGH AdG AdG Gg Qj Gdh .ae hCG cGQOEG

.Yd dY CG a JGH

GQOEG) dG YdG `````H QdG sEG

zfC G{ fCH Yh) JGdG YdGh (MdG

dh Yf c Qa (MdG Qj e

,ke ,`````J a ,cGQO EG `````LQdH k`````ba

,WebCam `````SdG G`````ec `````J dSQEGh QdG dH I`````N

CG a

dEG K eh Sd cdG ddG dEG

GedG CG VaG d BGh .VdG TT

ddGh ,dG `````SM ,dG e J

eh VdG TT E`````a ,edG e j

.JGdG `````YdG j `````Yh a `````j

FdG sEG :dG j ,cC G `````dh

IQH GdG eO dEG JCJ dG IedG

H YdGh gJ j ,`````Y S

adG YdG dGY

157 2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG

c gh ,gJ FdG dG OQ `````jJh

,jh ,fGdG `````Y edG j e

jdH J Gec a kHSM ,kjRe

Y eCG .`````VY `````TT hO `````e `````dh

Yh e J Vd TT a ,f EG

Qj e CG Yh `````H ,dG cGQOEG

f EG CG g `````g SdG Gg kM

GP dEG `````SdG J H `````JGP

Y VdG TT Jh .gMJ IMGh

dH OdGh (5)

,dGh dH dG

GdGh Q`````dG f Y IQdG `````g

ReQ Y L `````dEG L e `````YGH EGh

dG `````bGh e IO`````e eYh

U CG dG j :J Cc ;I`````TdG

H M CGh N CG fdG LG e

WEG `````Y keJ `````j Ggh ,`````e

FGQ hC G hGdG IjJ hC G dG `````NU

J a .fGdG Y IadG tJ

a J ,Te `````Z Yh Y dh CG

QdG H TdG `````JQG e YdG

e cQdG `````a OJh `````SdGh

hC G eY dEG `````dJh ITdG `````M

fdG YdG J ,e Z eQ

dG `````jdG e `````dEG gQaG `````Y

bW `````e JcQe G`````NEG e `````J

GfG j `````ddHh ,`````TdG dG

dG kM QOCG `````eYh .JGd `````Yh

CG ,M CG dG YCG fEG :`````bC G MCG

Qda .M CG d dG cGQOEG `````YC G

j ,GdGh `````f EG H gdG

fEG Sd `````dG `````dG Y

j Gda ,dG dH YdG Y

d ,keJ f EG `````e e kM kYh

YdG dEG CG ,`````VdG TT dEG `````j

.JGdG

de H J dG dG CH ````` seC G

e ,SGdG `````e IOQG`````dG `````SM EG

dG `````e IOQGdG `````dG GQ`````T EG

dEG `````J dG `````g E`````a ;`````dG

SdG H `````dj dG jdG e `````M

`````jOdG IQ`````d I`````edG `````dG

e efH J j H ,jdGh

efdG Gg a SdG Y jd

H Y ke IOe e `````jH

IAGb dH `````jh ,`````SdG fe

e jdGh IQ`````dG e `````Jh

,kjQKEG, k`````Y ,k`````YLG `````gGe c

kGec ,ke kdC G ,kMa kjM ,kfehQ

Y edG `````j dch .dEG ...k`````jOeQ

SM EG IAGH e AGLCG a fGdG

Oe L efH ah ,IOQGdG jdG

.edG a `````dG jdG Y `````e

efdG T J a Hd kGfh

,ZedG jdG a JGQT fG dG

adG YdG dGY

2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG158

H J dG bdG dG ae j

fC G e ,`````Jh bO f Y `````ddG

efd IdG GQdG J j

,RdG Y j CG H e `````HSdG

ae HdG a J J d `````Mh

Y N BG dG e H HGJ e

dG ae J Y gh ,`````bO f

.jdG JFL ae N e QdG

EG ,jJh `````eY H ,dG `````jh

kefH Hj e Sd dG `````efdG

e SdG R`````L Y ke k`````e

.e VZ J LCG

SJQ EGh `````dG `````UH ````` seC G

LGda ,SGdG `````Y IOQGdG `````d

He f `````Y fGdG `````Y j fC G

.GdG Y dG YUG Acd

;fdG d g dP `````Y e bCGh

J eY ,`````dG g a j `````M

a VGaG Yd dG YdG fCG

dG ie j `````N CG ,SdG

bjh fdG Q`````M C `````H J dG

N bj CG j hC G MdG cM

j K ,J hC G dG g N e ec

aEG `````Y dH VGaG `````dG

jh eJ `````N Y dGh `````N

hjh .M CG ZCG `````a dP J a

J `````dG TdG `````dG `````YdG CG

L efH `````Y Fb Yh `````fGdG

JGdG G`````dH jJh `````jJ j

EG PEG ,dP `````cDJ Fbh Kh .`````dGh

Y I`````dG ,`````dG GP `````a CG

`````dG C G`````J ,Erpeton tentaculatus VdG `````e a H FGa `````Uh

(2012 ,ZCG ,dj ,`````fc) ITe

d e ja J `````YH CG

gOUG c Jh (a) `````JOh

e ,OGOJ K ,qJ hC G `````J hO e kjC G

OjORG e JNh `````JQe ,bdG Qh`````e

efH EG ,iNCG Hh .dG QGJ

Fc j H dG ec dG

jdG `````e H `````gh .I`````dH `````Jb

dB G Oe GdG QYG Y dEG fGh

QdGh ,d HdG JHhdc ee

jJ e dG Gg dh `````H c

.IdGh d BG H

d SGdG jJ CG k`````HS OQh d

J T jJ `````M ee e JCj

.e IMGh c H KCJ dG idG V

T jdG G`````g e AH f `````bh

SM EG A`````f dB G `````K C dG

J Y `````Y je `````a IOQGdG

QGSH `````N BG d `````Jh `````H

edG e kGAL CG dEG aVEG ,Qh`````e

.jQT jH e edG j IOQGdG

adG YdG dGY

159 2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG

HdG H j ,dG `````S a

dG dG a ZeO (L) AMH

GQO EG Y IQdH QH EG Y hDdG

Y AT Cd dG RdGh d dG

Jh ,gY `````jDhdG GfG e `````ZdG

Blindsight dG jDhQ ``````H ddG g G`````j CG `````HdG AD`````d `````j PEG ,

hO e K CH A`````e e a `````jW

c gMCG S GPEGh ,e CH GUG

hC G Qj fCH `````j ,dP a e `````j

.g NBG AT hC G g A`````T OLh bj

jb Qe O`````Lh dEG Oj dP `````Jh

jdG J ZedG WdG dEG j

bYh dGh `````dG GQOEH J dG

c j H H a `````ZGdG AT CG

J ,iNCG Hh .YGh IQH dP

eCG ,jdG dG Y ehe jDhdG

kS a dH YGhdG `````SMEG

.GhQj CG hO e

YdG dGY DaJ

fEG YdG dGY e dY Y f

:ke ddG WdG J GPEG ,ae

e c `````a `````SGdG `````J CG -1

UdG dG dG Y keJ kGOG`````eG

.SM H

Resolution ````` rdG `````j CGh -2

j `````e YCG `````SM c `````a `````dG

.QJ

SM jDhdG fc d ,dG S Y

e e dY d Fd `````ce

GPEG ae ddG jP j ,`````YdG

ec J CG e c a d eCG

eZ TC G e) WehdG `````dG

eGh (`````jdG jjOGdG `````T CG dEG

ZdG Y dPh ,Fa je IQb dG

ed Y c f jW NG e

.dEG IOQGdG ehdG

a UdG `````jdG `````d kGfh

YdG dGY sE`````a ,H `````ah `````SGdG

eh d kJ YGdG FdG H je

dGdG Ch .H J dG IdG T c

IN CG YSa ,`````YGh Fc dGY

dG ec Y SGM `````e J CG

dEG jdG `````JQb e jJ CGh `````dG

IQT EG jh .`````J j e `````YCG

f a `````UdG h`````dG CG dEG `````g

H jOdG YVdH `````YdG GSG

,H DadG AfG j YdG dGY

de SJ YSH YGdG FdG C

dG dG ec Y d dG

f e J GhOCGh I`````LCG GSH)

.fH S c (M Y

adG dGdG Ia jJ LCG eh

adG YdG dGY

2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG160

fT `````bQ jd CG `````Vd ,`````Yd

e Se gQMCGh 1010 `````gOHC G bdG Y kG`````H N ch ,`````gOHC G

HL C ?`````be e gGj `````c `````dC Sh

beh H Y `````bJ IOe HLEG

,e gGj Ia ,(SdG QdG)

Ieh ,kqe dKh ,VCG RG`````e iNCGh

jRGe je VCG GP gGj `````HGQ

H ae CG Hh .dEG ...jhe h

e MGh c `````j ,IL `````SdG

bd N BG G`````j dG dG `````j CG

be aY GPE`````a .Q`````M CGh `````fdG

aY ,N Hh (SdG QdG)

;OH CGh dH bdG N ij c

be `````N `````Y GPEG ,`````HdHh

e ,gdG `````dG jd ch `````Hh

j CG j fdG bd ,be

gOHC G d Ojh fdG bQ iJ c

CG S CG) be `````e J dG

gGJ fCGh 10*10 `````g `````bdG O`````HC G

dY ,`````ddG j `````dHh .(`````He

fG jh ,ae ,N dYh

Vd .N BG dEG gMCG `````e jdGh

bdG Y kG`````H L `````N CG BG

RGe `````H gGj ch kG`````e N

(fCG gGJ `````c kHe ) 21 `````VC G JMe a Jhe NGdG HdGh

,gOHC G a jhe h `````He J dh

e J jW IGOC G `````N i`````d ch

j a .bdG Y QM CG jJ

.?ddG g a ke dG

e ZdG `````Y dPh .`````f :GdG

dY Y k`````e kdY cMCG `````eG

c d M kjC G dG jh .N BG

e be ah `````bdG Y jH

e IQ`````H gGj `````e `````MGh ch

IQU Yh `````N BG id dG IQ`````dG Y

OH CG hP `````HdG dG) f `````bdG

.(1010 Y sM Fa Fc CG Va d

,f LQdG fe d ch ,cc

a SY OLH Y gMCG j H

,HKh He jH A`````T CG J Y

SY Y Y AGMH Y fdG j

bGdG J Fisheye Lens dG Y dG dG ha ,kGMhh HK gJ

,dEG dH Le T d dEG dH

e `````gEG gGj `````fY I`````dGh

.AT CG `````bd dH G`````gh ,NH

d e J CG Qb `````fC G Voa dh

IOdG gQMCGh bQ Y `````fdG

dG g jj `````fC G ke d

feEG K a ,gYGb L `````ajh

HL EG b .?gRfEGh IGQdG g AGL E

adG YdG dGY

161 2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG

Vh d fC G f CG j GDdG Gg Y

bGdG J `````Y eCG IQf e `````T

Ib Ia `````H j ,He `````jH

GPEGh ;IjdG dM e DhdG bdG `````e

jd dS m`````e `````S Y j Q`````e

dh dG `````dH d `````SMEG

f dG G`````Hh .`````dG `````dH

fC G (dGh dG) SM EG Y

.Vh H K IQdG Vh b ae

J CG ,PEG ,`````j `````dP e k`````TJh

FdG `````FdG e fdG IGQ`````e

ae Yh dGY J kL fd

.d cQe fC G a

dG dGdG CG ,`````S a cP `````d

Y J dG YGdG `````FdG cQJ

Jch JcGQOEG QU a dG H

,(LdedG HW `````a je CG)

DaJ DadG G`````gh .ae `````dGY g

,M FdG J J e Q`````H QhV

hCG M Z kFc R YdG CG Voa d PEG

OLh dEG je Z kdN k`````Yh c

H DaJ K `````j CG VG d ,Oe

dGh SM EG AfG H dGdG

.YdG dP dY e

e ,dG `````FdG `````Y YdGh

Yh ,AdG `````a ,g ,JM Q`````U fc

d ,`````SGdG e `````YJ `````YVH

AN a dh dYh H a IM IdG

dP dEG `````JjgdG `````jh .`````Y hC G

Yh gh ,ddG dEG e YdG EG :dH

fj dG AdGh ,AH Yhh ,b

eh .dH AT fEG ,Mh kjOe d

j lb YdG CG dG Gg a j

CG j Id keRe fch ,ddG dEG

,dH ,IdG C `````YdG dGY CaJ

.Fbh IVM

dG Y ddG G`````g LEG jh

:ddG

Yh g ,I`````d R`````e `````Yh c -1

IQhdH ge A`````H Yh ch .AH

Ljh .AdG dd SGdG f jH

kYVe `````j ,b CG `````Y ,MGh A`````T

.YdG e e f e c C kce

e f e cCG b e Qj `````e -2

.cGQOEG dGY CaJ YdG

J dGY H D`````aJ `````g ,PG -3

J a `````b CG Y ,`````YdG e G`````f CG

.H a Yd cdG YVdG

:ddG T

OQh e ,e :idG edG IQhdH a IM R EG YdG CG ,fB G

dYh H a IM IdG C ,AH Yh

QhV AT CG GQOEGh ,ATC G Y j

adG YdG dGY

2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG162

b YdG CG e ZdG Y ,IdG `````d

J b e AT CG H c Qj

Ge CG hC G dG a T CG J dG

.f EG Y dG g c JdG `````a

Yh g ,`````Yf c `````e ,`````YdG sCh

YVe J PEG A`````TC G a ,ATCH

.dG YdG Gf C ce

GQOEG J AG`````S :idG `````edG e ,ke QG`````dc ,Oe Oe `````Ve

AdG SfG N e Yc Yh ````` pb

Y NBG Yh `````N e CG ,Y `````FdG

M J hC G `````JdG a LdG

j L hCG Hc hC G `````We

fG sE`````a ,dP `````N hC G `````VdG

ddG dEG hCG `````YdG GQOEG `````dY e

GQO EG `````Ve C ,FLh `````Fb N BG

j PEG ,ddG a `````f gh MGh

QGL OLh `````Y h CG GQOEG `````j CG

OLh Y N BG j H ,RLG `````j

j (QGdG `````f g ) Oe `````Ve

,GNGh cd aT QYGh RLG

IdGh ,Id Re OdG `````YdG C

.eb a IOdG J

YdG dGY CG VGdG e :dG , ce `````jOe `````YVd `````jdG

L a kH k`````aNG H a J

f) gf J d ,kjJ dG

fCch j kGMGh kc`````S (YVdG

J dG GHh .MGh Yh a de

.ae dGdG

dGdG H CG g MdG jh

j bh ,N BG `````H e kYJG cC G

ZCGh Z e gRCGh k`````dC G cC G e dY

jOe CG `````dP ,Q`````j H A`````T CH

J YGfC Gh Jeh `````dG GQO EG

Af CG d `````ddG FdG `````NH

,j dP `````e ZdG Yh .`````YdG e

Yh dY e Fd ,`````UdG S GPEG

ke j CG `````Yh dY Y `````e

Qjh H `````f dG f A`````T CH

f c H `````Y dG AT CG H

QGb EG dEG `````FY dP a dGh ,`````f

IH e Yh g YdG C`````H FdG

dc e `````f Yh O`````e dh

.ke d EG

,YdG d ah YdG H dGh

e Mh bGh cC G e kYh CG j

dCe M j `````a .NBG Yf Yh

K e `````Sg jH `````e `````VjQ

e CG g `````dc ,dN jL `````jH

YVdG J `````YdG GfC G UH

`````Y `````VdG QOCG AG`````a ,`````jOdG

WSH C G `````FdG `````jdG IQ`````dG

idG `````jW Y CG `````jQGdG `````T CG

adG YdG dGY

163 2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG

e Yh c LGa ,FHdG dGh

HdG jJ EGh `````f OdG `````VdG

.N BG Y e c a LdedG

H e EG CG `````S `````e `````jh

`````YVd `````dh CG `````dG `````j

gQYH kMh k`````bO kceEG jOdG

e kYf j ,Z hO e dG Gg Y

UH dG Yd ff EG `````jcdG

k qMh `````bGhh kc `````cC G ddH `````Yh

dG fj Ggh ,i`````N CG Uh CG e

e cCG ddG `````f EG Yf Vjh

.dG Y j

K c EG , `````dhCG `````da ,PEG

H UN dhC G `````c J b ,dhC G

a dP Z `````gh ,cQj `````dG YdG

dG `````dGh .`````YdG e `````NB G f

,JGP a `````g c ,jOdG `````YVd

cQOCG GPEGh ,`````adG `````e kGHC G `````e

fC G `````YdG j `````a e `````Yh `````aYh

j e CG Yj hC G ,dG GQO EG `````cQj

ddG a g j `````e g kLdea

e He{ AYOG CG :YVe LQdG

c j H .zY CG a d gP CG a

YVe kYh ,fK L e ,Yf Yh

GQO Ed HdG LQdG ddG J kaT

,YdG e f g M e UN a ,H

.YVe g M e ch

YdG `````dGY `````a `````dG `````eh

CaJ fC G YGdG FdG Y `````adG

J e QH W IQH dGdG J

GDaJ CaJh ,jOdG cGQOEG YVH

e SM c a J n`````e GPEG eJ

H UdG `````dG dG `````ec `````Y

kGOGeG c C G `````W GOGeG c AG`````S

Gg J FShh ILCG GSH kJGOC G

T SdG J dEG `````aVEG ,VdG

kWk Ge cCG ,Y CG dG `````dG

J kYUG kGe CG `````SdG H a

CG a YdG c dh .IYe `````FSh Fd sEa ,kYVe kYh -Yd dY

dGY -JM QU `````fc e -YGdG

LdedG `````a jJ `````ae Yh

.YVdG a Jh cGQO EG

adG e ,LQdG ddGh GQO EG :dDd QdG dG dEG IOdG j VdG Gg d -1

.adG IQGRh QGUEG ,2014 hCG jJ ,613 OdG jQdG

,g dJH iJ fCa dJH QJ eY fC G gh LPdG bGdG hC G GQO EG a ITdG jdG -2

:dG bGdG hC G GQO EG a ITdG Z jdG eCG .JGH g c Yh Y bGdG j CG

eGdG

adG YdG dGY

2015 QGPBG 618 O`````dG164

.g IOLe dJdG CG e J dJd kM kJ iJ fCa dJH QJ eY

L cQJ dG `````ddG gh ,cQdG dG Y `````dG LQdG ddG g :`````YVdG `````ddG -3

.M aGf e j e H c ,YGdG FdG

J EGh ,GQO EG `````Y IY dG Jc dh ,f `````YVdG ddG g :dG `````bGdG `````ddG -4

OhH OJ adG OhM C ,`````JGP a cQj fC G j CG cQd `````j a ,g c `````cGQOEG

.Mh YVdG ddG

J H d VJ Y fGdG eJ dG ITdG dG dG dH OdG d -5

hCG dG d HSG OG`````a CG bH a dG dP Y J IO`````e IQTEG hC G e `````NU

J dG FGhdG H hC G ,hGdG SGe a QdG H H J dG GjdG J hC G ,IQT EG

.hGd Hb Y H J dG f EG H e

LGdG

dG /2012ZCG - dj OY ce CG dG e ,51U ,IdH kJb doh ,fc .C .K -1.dG d jdG SDe ,28

.53,54U ,HdG LdG f -2