יערה לוין-פריימן | להתבגר ולהתמגדר: התהוות זהות אבהית בקרב נערים

"

:

()

" "

' '

2211

II

/ /, / .

, ,

.

, ' ' ,

.

, , , , , '

. ,

' , , , ,

.

,

. WJCN , "

.

,

.

, , ,

, , , , , .

, , .

, .

III

V . . . . . . . . . . .

1 . . . . . . . . . .2

1 . . . . . . . . : .1.1

1 . . . . . . . . . . .1.1

1 . . . . . . . . "" .1.1.1

3 . . . . . . .1.1.1

6 . . . . . - .3.1.1

9 . . . . . . . . . . .3.1

9 . . . . . . . . "" .1.3.1

01 . . . . . . . .1.3.1

61 . . . . . . . . . .1.1

11 . . . . . . . .1.1.1

11 . . . . . . . . . .1.1.1

31 . . . . . . . .3.1.1

61 . . . . . . . . . . .1.1

91 . . . . . . . . . . .1

91 . . . . . . - : .1.1

13 . . . . . . .1.1

13 . . . . . . . . . .3.1

13 . . . . . . . . .1.1

13 . . . . . . . . . .1.1

13 . . . . . . . . . .6.1

01 . . . . . . . .2.1

11 . . . . . . . . . .1.1

11 . . . . . . . . . . .3

11 . . . . . : .1.3

11 . . . ? .1.1.3

61 . . . . ? ? .1.1.3

VI

01 . . . . . . : .1.3

11 . . . . . . . . .1.1.3

91 . . . . . . - : .3.3

91 . . . . . .1.3.3

16 . . . . . . . .1.3.3

66 . . . . . . . . . .3.3.3

96 . . . . . . .1.3.3

12 . . . : .1.3

22 . . . . . . : " " .1.3

22 . . . . . . . . .1.1.3

12 . . . . . . ? .1.1.3

31 . . . . . . . . . . .6.3

11 . . . . . . . . . . . .4

11 . . . . .1.1

09 . . . . .1.1

19 . . . . .3.1

69 . . . . . . . . . .1.1

29 . . . . . . .1.1

19 . . . . . . . : .6.1

001 . . . . . . . : .5

101 . . . . . . . . . .6

111 . . . . . . . . . . .7

111 . . . . . . . .1.2

211 . . . . . .1.2

111 . . . . . . . . . . .3.2

911 . . . . . . . . . .1.2

911 . . . . . . . . . .1.2

931 . . . . . . . . . - .6.2

V

.

, "" .

.,

. - -

, -

, " " .

, , ,

.

. 11-21 91

, ,

-, .

) : 0101 (

, .

, , -

, (, , ).

). 8002 ,hcilbeiL & hcaihsaM-lavuT ,rebliZ (

.

.

. , . ,

. . ,

. ,

,

. -

, , , . , -

.

,

IV

,

. . ,

. , ,

. ,

. .

). 0991,reltuB (-

. - ,

, . , " ".

, "

. " " ",

. "", "" ""

, /,

.

IIV

.

.

). .3191 " ". (

1

.2

: .2.2

.

( ) , "" .

. ,

. , , , , , , , , ,

, , ,

. ,. -

, .

. ,

, , . ,

. , , .

. ,

. ,

.

"", , " "", "

. . , .

.

. - .

. -.

, . ,

. ,

. "" "",

, . ,

, . ,

2

- ' .

. . -

.1.2

, .

(

, , ), (

( ), -

) ( " ?").

.

, , (

, , . -)

? ?

- ? ?

. , , ? .

"" .2.1.2

. "" .

. ,

, , .

, , ,

. .

) gnirehtaF) (doohrehtaF (

) doohrehtoM) (1001 ' (

). gnirehtoM (

3

, " "

), 0002 ,dwoD . (

, rehtaf dlohesuoH, , rehtaf lacigoloiB,

, . rehtaf laicoS- ,

, . , , -

.

, : , .

). . retaP , (

, "" .

, . , , ,

). 7991 ,ssegruB (

. ,

, , , ,

- .

, , , . , , ,

). 8891 ,namlepS (

.1.1.2

. ,

), 7891 ,bmaL . (

), rehcaet laroM : (

gnirutrun ehT) (ledom elor xeS (), renniwdaerB(

). , . , rehtaf

.

.

4

: ,

.

, 3111- - .

esruoc elohw eht edisa tes ot yllaer eB , :

,781 .p ,5991 ,reilloC( efil ylimaf fo noitadnuof yrev eht brutsid dna erutan fo redro dna

, -. , )621 .p ,2002 ,siweL ni

"" .

. 91-:

. ,

,

reruaM . , (

1).6002 ,kcelP &

, :

.

. ,

"".

:

, , - , ,

). 9002 ,ojnyrlaH , (

). " " rehtaf wen ehT " " " " (

. , ,

,

).7991 ,yalcraB & notpuL ;6991 ,enartloC(

1

).2991 ,nagroM. , (

5

" "

, .

, , .

. , ,

. -

,

). 5991 ,oilgisraM ;9002 ,ojnyrlaH(

, ,

.

. ,

- , ytilibisseccA , tnemegagnE

). 7891 ,.la te bmaL ( ytilibisnopseR

) noitca gnikaT) (gniknihT), (gnileeF (

). , 1991 ,nosnarB & nosrednA ,eilseL (

). 4002 ,bmaL & yaD ( ,

, ,

.

). 9002 ,noskcaJ & ikswoktraB ,etsroF (

.

.

-

.

, -. ,

%01 .

6

. , 11.

.)2002 ,nagroM & nosboH ;0002 ,dwoD (

, 11), 1001, (

. -

( eraC( ) hsaC-

, ). , ,

. hsaC-

.

. , ,

. ,

,

" . . "

namgreB (- /

).2002 ,nosnoM & ffolrO ;2002 ,nagroM & nosboH ;2002 ,nosboH &

- .3.1.2

, ,

.

, -, -

. ,

, . ,

, .

) . 9491 ,duerF(

. . -

"" ,

-. , .

7

(, ). ,

. - -

. ,

). 3001; , 9001, (", -

,

. -

. , " "

, , .

, "erep ud mon eL" ," ": , .

", "" "" . , , , erep ud non eL "

, "" .

). 3001 "" "" (,

,

, . .

). 5591 ,selaB & snosraP , , (

" " ,

" " "

". " " .

,

" ".

, ,

. " "

). rehtaf tnarrE) (rehtaf tnesbA), (rehtaf taebdaeD (

). , 1001 (,

).7002 ,nenuttiL-lreP " " (

8

" " .

), seiroeht tnemhcattA (

.

). 6991 ,enartloC; 2001 , (,

) seiroeht gninraeL (

.

,

.

-). 7991 ,bmaL" " (

).9002 ,mlaP & ztivoklaP (

, , ,

, . , :

, , . ,

" ", . ,

" " . ,

). eraC) (hsaC (

. ,

, .

.

.

, ,

. , ,

, . ,

. .

9

.3.2

? ? ?

, , , , ,

. ""

, .

, .

, , .

.

-" (). , ytitnedI"-" (, ) fleS"-

.

, tpecnoc fleS ,noitpecrep fleS ,ytitnedi ogE, :

.

"" .2.3.2

) ytitnedi lanosreP, (-

. )6991 ,llahsraM & smadA (), ytitnedi laicoS (

, ,

. ,

-, , , , ,

)6991 ,llahsraM & smadA( ".

.

. , ,

. ,

( .

). ) (

01

, , ,

. - - ,

,

.

) 6991 ,rendraG & rewerB (

- - . - :

., , - :

.

( - , . -

). - ) (

?

) ssenevitcnitsiD) (ssenemaS (

). 3891 ,gniddiW-nosbocaJ (

) 2002 ,eniveL & tC(

. ,

. , , ; ,

,

. , , ,

.

. ,

. , ,

., ). 2002 ,eniveL & tC(

.1.3.2

, ,

, )3691 ,noskirE). (9002 ,kecfeS & leknuD(

11

.

. -

.

) eutriV ( .

/ - ).3691 ,noskirE (

.1

1-0 -. 1

3-1 -. 1

6-3 -. 3

11-6 . 1

91-11 . 1

11-01 . 6

16-61 . 2

" " +16 . 1

-: 1

) 8691 ,noskirE) (noitamrof ytitnedi oge fo yroehT (

.

, ,

. ,

.

.

, . ,

), muirotarom laicoS " (" ", "

21

.

, .

). 7002 ,regorK ;8691 ,3691 ,noskirE(

. ,

- , ,

. ,

:

: . ()

: ()

.

: . ()

, .

. : ()

,3691 ,noskirE , (

). 8691

, . ,

. , , , " fles ylidoB "

, , , " ytitnedi lanosreP"-

" ytitnedi laicoS "" . "

. ' , , .

.

, , .

. ,

,regorK( ,

). , 7002

31

& ellejH ( ,

. , ). 2991 ,relgeiZ

. - ,

, -- (

. )1001,

), 3991 ,.la te aicraM ;6691 ,aicraM (

) sutats ytitnedI . (

) tnemtimmoC : (

), noisuffid ytitnedI). : (noitarolpxE(

). (/ tnemeveihca ytitnedI) (muirotaroM), (erusolceroF(

). 1

: 1

.

,

/ . ,

. ,

.

.

41

.

, . ,

, , ( ) .

.

, .

. ,

. .

. , .

. , ,

,

,

- , .

.

) .1002 ,ztrawhcS (

) 1001, (--

,

) 1001, , -- , 8991 ,namleK . (

.

.

), ecnailpmoC( , , , , .

(, ).

, .

, , . ,

), , noitacifitnedI(

. . , -

51

. /

, ) noitazilanretnI( .

, , .

.

. ,

.

) 5991 ,.la te senitruK (

,

. , ,

.

, (

) (

).

. , , , ,

,

. ( , , , )

) 8791 ,nosniveL ( "efil s'nam a fo snosaes ehT"

, "efil s'namow a fo snosaes ehT". , -

,

, , ). , 6991 ,nosniveL (

, . ,

.

(,

) ,

) - (,

61

& layaT ,hcnarB (

).0002 ,ttelpirT

- , ( ) .

,

) 1991 ,negreG . (

- - '.

.

. , ,

). 5002 ,xineohP & isnattaR ;4991 ,regnilloH , (

, ' .

. , - ,

. .

, ,

. , , ,

,

, . , .

.

.4.2

,

, . .

) ytitnedi redneg eroC : (

). ytitnedi elor redneG(

. .

71

. ,

, , ,

). 3891 ,yesevO & nosreP ;5002 ,renssieM. (

. ""

. "" , ,

,

). 5002 ,appiL (

"" "" , ,

.

.

) 1991 ,ttebsiN & ssoR (

.

. ,

. " "

, .

). 7791 ,ssoR (

, ). 1991 ,ssalB (

, .

. ,

, ,

), 6001 (- .

, ,

.

,

81

,

.

.2.4.2

.

, , ,

, , .

, , , ,

.

, ,

, .

,

), 5791 ,nosliW. (

.

). 7991 ,droflekcahS & ssuB ;8002 ,ssuB (

-

. , -.

.

.

.

,

). " ", 6002 ,muabnereB & nitraM ,elbuR(

-

). , 1001 (,

. , .

91

, ,

. ,

- , .

,

.

). 0991 ,eniF & erooM (

. ,

, , , ) 9891 ,2891 ,nosyT (

.

) noitacifitnedisiD (-) noitacifitnedI . (

. (, )

. , ,

. . ,

). 8791 ,worodohC ' (

. '

,

.

. /

(" "), .

: , , . /

, .

/ .

, : " .

() ".

, - . '

02

, .

"" . - . ,

, ,

"" "".

'

. ' -

.

, , ,

. ,

. ,

. -

,

, .

( .

). 8991 ,hguoG () ', ,

, ,

-, 5002 ,appiL. (,

),

.

, -

.

) 9991 ,arudnaB & yessuB . (

-) 6891 ,arudnaB (

. ,

, (, , ),

), ecneirepxe evitcanE (), gniledoM. , (

12

) gninrael tceriD , (

.

.

.

2-1 )6691 ,greblhoK, (

), / / / gnilebal redneG : (

), ytilibats redneG ; (

/ /), ycnetsisnoc redneG; (

, .

,

, (/). ,

.

. , ,(/)

.

.-, , ,

.1.4.2

). 9001 , (

") seitinilucsaM"" ("

, ,

. ,

:

()

.

.

22

()

/. ,

, .

. ,

, , ()

. .

, " ", ,

"".

()

". , - . , "

. ,

,

. ,

, , , ,

, . "" ,

. 91-

, .

. , " ",

-"

. . ,

, (

).29(, ' ". )

. , , , ,

, , , , ,

32

, , . ,

. ,

,

, .

. ,

, , - . ,

, ,

. , ,

).8991 ,eknaH; 9001(,

, , .

, ,

). 9001 (,

. ,

.

. (, )

-(, ). 2002 ,ssieW (

) 9001 , . ( )6001,

. ,

.3.4.2

, ,

.

, ) 5791 ,4791 ,meB (

. .

: ()

. () , . () ,

42

, . . () ,

, . ,

. ) stiarT (

,

). 1891 ,meB (

"

-). , 0991 ,reltuB") ' (elbuort redneG " ("

, , ' ,

--, -

, 1991 . ,

). 1001 . , , (

,

. , .

( ) (

), , , -

, . ,

.

. , .

(),

, (). ,

). 1001 (,

. ) noitciF(

, . . ,

, ecnamrofreP-

, , . ( ,

52

-, ) .

.

. , , .

. -

. .

, . ,

, ) 1001 . , . (

-

"

. ,

.

). 291(, ' ".

. ,

. , .

, ).3991 ,reltuB (--

" " . " "

.

.

.

,

. .

seidoB). "1001 (,

) , , . 3991 ,reltuB" (rettam taht

, , - , ,

.

, . ,

? , ,

62

, , , ,

). , 1001 , (,

). 1001 (,

.

, . ,

). 1001 (, ,

, " , . "

, , .

.5.2

, , ,

, , , .

, , , , .

, , . ,

, .

( )

- ). (

. :

; ; (,

; )

;

- ' - ;

, .

- ,

. "" .

, .

72

, , .

,

, ' .

, . ,

.

, , ,

. , -

. ,

, , "

( - , ".

( ), -),

- ( ).

.

, . 11-21

, , .

. 11 , -

. 11 . ,

, .

.

. ,

, .

). 6001(,

,

( ) 11-21 .

,llevalF (

, -). ( 2002 ,relliM & relliM

82

) ,

, .

.

92

.1

- : .2.1

- .

, , .

.

.

, ( ) ,

, , .

, ,

).1991 ,rehtaL ;4002 ,resiaY & yvaeL ,rebiB-esseH (

(

, ).

. ,

;7002 ,rebiB-esseH , (

) 5002 ,kooC & wonoF). (4002 ,resiaY & yvaeL ,rebiB-esseH

: ()

. () , .

. () . ()()

. , .

, .

, "".

.

/ , / , .

. , .

, .

.

03

.

. .

).7002 ,regorK, 6991 ,smadAcM , (

snarran omoH) 0991 ,renurB ' (

) gniwonK . (

, ). , , , gnilleT(

), 9002 ,oveN-remurK (- .

"" , "" . /

/

/ , / / .

(/ -

). ( , -, / )

,

, . .

,

.

, . ,

.

) 8002 ,uokuobmaT & swerdnA ,eriuqS, (

.

, .

, , .

(, , ) .

) 8002 ,eriuqS (

.

). ecneirepxE) (stnevE (

13

.

. , ,

. , ,

,

. .

( ),

.

.

) (

). 8002 ,xineohP, a6002 ,uolopokagroeG, (

,

. ( ,

. )

,

.

). 8002 ,uokuobmaT & swerdnA ,eriuqS ) ((

, , -

.

03 21 .

. , 01

. " " ,

. . -

.

23

. -

.

.1.1

, ,

). 0101, -. , ' ' (

/ ) 5991 ,rekraP & gnoS (

.

.

, :

?

,

, , , - (, , , , , ,

, -), ,

, , , , ".

,

.

, . :

" ? "

? , ?

?

,

, -

, (, , .

, , . )

, , . ,

33

" ",

.

, ( )

. ,

. , .

. -

; ; ,

.

. ,

. ,

.

, , . .

. ,

, ", drow-F ehT "", "

.

, ""

.

. ,

, ) 7991 ,llednerA(

, .

. -

, . .

.

, , .,

, "" ,

, .

43

.

.

.

/. , .

. ,

.

, , ,

. , , -,

. ,

. ,

. ,

.

, . , .

.

, ;

, ;

; ,

. ,

, .

.3.1

21 . -

11 , 61.

. .

. .

53

. , ,

. ,

, . , ,

, , ("").

, - ,

. ",

, .

, , .

, ,

, . .-

, .

, , , .

.4.1

/

. , " ".

: .

. - ,

. 11

. ,

) 1 (/

, 11- ). 1 (/

.

.5.1

, .

.

63

.

). 0101, - (

, -, 3991 ,lahtnesoR (

), : " " 0101

, " ",

.

.

.

, ,

. ,

) " ". 3001 (

. " ",

() .

.

,

.

, : " ", "

". , "? " ""

). 3 " " (/

). , 9991 ,thginK & yeksrA (

.

.

. , .

. .

73

, .

.

. ) 9991 ,thginK & yeskrA (

, , .

. , .

,

11 . , .

, . , 1,

. .

. ,

)9991 ,thginK & yeskrA ( ,

, , ,

, . .

: ,

.

).1 , , (/

). 1, , (/

, , , ".

. , ) (

"" , ,

. ,

.

. ,

.

..

83

. , ,

. , . -

.

.6.1

.

.

. -

) 0101 (-,

:

.

. ( , ),

). ( ,

.

, . , 2.6 it-saltA

.

,

11. .

.

. , .

.

.

, 011 . ,

. - 6. - 1-

.

93

.

. : ; ;

, ;

). ; ( ,

). 0101, -, 3991 ,lahtnesoR (

,

). 1991 ,gnidraH(

.

"" . ,

.

.

.

,. ,

: () .

, .

. , , , ,

. () ,

. ()

-

& hcaihsaM-lavuT ,rebliZ (- . ,

), , 8002 ,hcilbeiL

, , .

. ,

.

.

, ,

04

.

.

. , ) 0101 (-

. ,

. .

. ,

.

..

, . ,

. , -

.

.7.1

.

. . -

, ( )

" " .

, ,

), 9001 . (

, ,

, - ,

.

. ,

. , , . ,

. ,

. ,

14

. ,

(, /

). 2001, ; 2001; , 9001

" "

. ,

. ,

. ,

.

) 2002 ,nottaP (

, ). egnahc lacitirC (

.

". - . "

,

.

,

.

) 0002 ,negnA . (

. ,

.

, . ,

. , ,

: ,

taht lufgninaem gnihtemos od ew taht seriuqer hcraeser eviterpretni evitceffe gnioD

erom ,yllufepoh ,dna demrofni erom ot su setalumits dna gnidnatsrednu ruo srehtruf

.)293 .p ,.dibI( .noitca dna thguoht enamuh

24

.2.1

.

, . ,

, .

. -

). , 1 (/

,

. ,

, 11-

. , )1/ (

, , .

.

,

. . ,

, . ,

. . ,

, , -

.

, : ,

; ;

;

; .

.

.

. , ,

34

.

. ,

.

.

( ) ,

. ,

. .

44

.3

, ,

. , "

: ? ",

, ? ?

: ; ; ; , " " .

" - ; ; ; . "

, .

, ( ', , , , )

.

. , -

, .

' . " ",

.

: .2.3

? .2.2.3

.

, . ,

"", , ;

, , . , ,

,

. .

. ,

". " " "

54

. , . : ,

. , . .

.

. .

, [...]

()

. , .

, ? ?

. . ( ) .

! , ,

. [...] .

, . ,

. , , ,

, , .

. , . [...]

, , , . [...] ,

. .

, . -

, . ,

( ) . , ,

:

: ? .

, .

64

. () :

, , , ,

, , ,

.

,

. , .

, , ,

. , ,

.

, .

.

? ? .1.2.3

. ,

. .

: . ,

, -:

, , . .

!

, 91 . ,

. ,

.

. .

74

: . . .

, .

.

. , , ,

- , , ,

. . - ,

. .

, . ? ()

. (). . .

" ", , 11,

.

. .

: ?

). , ! ( ). . : . (

, . , . ! .

, . ! !

. ! ! .

, . . . .

, . , ! ,

, , . ,

, . .

. (). [...] . ' ,

. . ! ,

. ,

, . , . -.

84

, , ! ? ,

, , .

. [...] , --

, , , ,

. , . - -

.

,

- (, ) .

. ,

, , , . - :

-

" ,

" (). " " "

(). "

() " " ,

" ,

(). , " () , ,

,

" , ,

(). " .

"(). ""

" (). "

(). "

. , ,

; ; " " -

94

.

). 1001 (,

.

2 .-

:

.

,

, ). 9991', -(

, .

? ? : ,

. : .

.

: ? ().

: . , , , . .

. (.)

, .

.

: . .

: . .

: . ?

. . . :

. . .

) " 1101 , / ( 2

. ":

05

, .

. , ,

), (, , " " (

), ( , ,

" . . () -

- ) . "

"" ( ), 1101 . (

) ,

. .

, . "",

: .1.3

"" . ,

. , ,

, .

, , ,

.

) , (). , , (

, .

,

, , .

, .

. .

, , ,

. ,

.

15

: ?

. : , , . ( ). (.....) .

, . , ,

, , . , . ().

, , , (...) . ( .) (

.) ? (.) . (...) 11

. . (...) ? (...) , . (....)

: ? .

.) , , . (.) 01: . (

. . (.....) (...) . (..)

: , ? (

.)

, : , , ,

.) 6, (.) . . . (

. .

: , , .

: . , . , , .

, . , (

). (..) . . . (). [...] ,

, . , ,

: . (

, .)

: (....) , . ,

?

, : , !

. (.) , , . .

(.) , , , ! .

25

. ,

. , , ,

, . ,

, "" "" . ,

. "" .

" " " ,

:. " " , "

. , : (.) . (...) ,

. , , ( )

, , , ,

. (). (), ,

, (..) .

. . ( ).

). , 4002 ,notgnimaH (-

. . (,

, , ) .

. , , .

""

, .

.

. , , , .

, . ,

, , . ,

. " "

35

. ) 1191(,

.

, :

, , , .

,

. , ,

.

) , ecnatsiD "" (

, , , ".

, ." " :

, .

, , , , ,

, . ,

, . , ,

- " ",

( ). . ,

.

.

, ,

.

: ?

: . . (.) . (

.) , , , ,

. (

) (

. .) .

45

? . :

: , ,

.

, (.) , (.)

. [...]

: ?

: . '

. . (.) ,

, , .

.2.1.3

,

, .

.

. :

. , .

, , , ,

. , ,

.) . 6: ? (

, , .

.) 1(

. . , .

, :

" ", .

, ( ). ,

55

. ,

. - ,

.

. : .

. . .

. , , .

. . .

. . .

. ( , .

).

: , .

. , .

. ,

. . ,

, , () ,

. ( ),

. , , , .

, .

. .

. . ,

. .

. . ---

.

65

, , :

"", "" "". .

.

.

, :

. , . [...]

,

, . , .

. .

, . , . -

. ,

, . : ,

. , ,

) , . !"" . (:

. 11 ""

.

, . .

.

: , ?

: . () , (..) , ,

. , , ,

. ,

.

75

. () ,

.) 6 . (

: ?

.) ! . . 1: (

. . !

. , , ,

. . ,

. (...) ,

, , (.) . () .

( ), . ,

, . () . (.)

.) 11 . (

, , :

, , . .

, , , , , .

, , ,

. , , ,

, , .

. :

. ,

. , , , , " "

. .

. "",

: .

. . ! , - !

85

, .

, , , ,

. .

, ' . [...]

() .

, , ,

. , .

, :

. ,

.

.

: . ,

.

..

, ,

. .

.

! : , ,

. , , -

, . ,

(), . ,

, . ,

. ', , ,

95

() , .

, , . .

. .

- : .3.3

. , -

, . , ,

, .

.

. , ,

, , .

,

', , , , .

.

, ,

, .

.

.2.3.3

.

; ; ;

, ; ; ; ; ,

,, .

.?" "

, , , ,

, . :

. - , ,

06

: .

.

" ". , ,

. ,

, .

" ".

. .

, . ,

:

"" "". , "" .

"". " ".

, .

. , .

.

" ) (" !" (

, ). "

. ,

: ?

: ? , . . .

: ?

: , , . ! . .

. . (). ,

. .

. () ! !

. ,

. . ().

16

,

. , .

, "", , .

( ), (

. ).

: , ,

, .

. .

, .

. "",

, ,

. , .

"". . -

. ,

. ,

." "

: . ,

, . , , ,

. .

.

,

. . ,

, , . ,

.

26

, :

. ,

. ,

. -, 11 ,

, , ,

, , . .

.

, .

. , . ,

, .

. " "

.

: ?

: .

. . ! (.) .

, , ' ,

. (...) , , (..)

, .

[...] .) 2(

, ? :

: . , . , ()

. ? ', ?

: (...) ?

! (.) : (..)

.

36

.

. , ,

.

: " ". ( ) .

. ,

, . ,

. ,

.

: -

.

. , .

(" ,

").

. , ,

, , .

, .

.

, ; -

, , .

: ?

: (...) ! , ,

). , . ! (

! !

: ?

: , .

. [...] ,

46

. .

. . (). (...) (...) . .

() . , .

. . [...]

. ,

, .

.1.3.3

, , , ,

, (" ").

.

, ,

, , , .

.

."" "" .

: .

) . 01 . ( : .

! ! (..) (.)

). [...] . (

) . . 1 . . (

. .

. (...) . ,

(.) --.) 1 . (

. .

. (...) . ( . .)

.) (..) 11 , . (

56

. . (...) (..)

! ( ), , .

.) (.) . 01(

. , - ,

. (..) .

. ,

" : .

. . .

. ",

. , , ,

, , ,

." " . .

, . '

.

, . ,

. , : -

." () "

,

, . ,

, , .

, , : ! !

. () , ()

, , .

66

.3.3.3

. ,

, / .

. ( )

. .

, ,. " ,

. , .

, , .

), , (

" : .

. . "

.

? ?-:

(.) . . , : .

() , ! ! !

. . () ,

! ! !

() ! ? ? !

! ,

.) 6 . (

? :

: (....) , .

) , , (

! ( ) ( ) ?

? ! ! [...] ,

76

. . ,

! !

( ), , ,

, 3')01 , (

. ! . ?

! ,

. [...]

() .

. . [...] ,

.) . 1 (

(.) . , ,

. . (

, (.) .) 9

. .

, ,

. ,

.

, .

, . .

, , .

, , , 31

. . ,

.

, .

." " :

. 1 . / 3

86

? :

.) . , , 11: (

.) , 6 . (

, . . .

. ,

. ,

. - . .

: .

: , , . ,

, . .

, , . ,

, , . .

. , ,

. . [...] - ,

. . .

, , ,

. ().

, , .

, .

, , .

, - ,

. ,

( , , , )

", (, ).

. , ",

" ".

96

.4.3.3

.

, .

. - . ,

, , ,

: . ,

: [ ], ,

, . , ,

. . .

? () ,

, , , .

,

" " . ,

, ,

. , . ,

, , .

. ,

: , .

: . [], ,

, , . -

.

. .

. ,

07

. , ,

. ,

, ,

, . ,

.

.

: . ,

, , ,

.) , . 6 . (

. .

.

. ,

, :

: , []

. [...]

, ,

.

(.) (.) ,

. .

. , .

.

(..) .

17

. ,

, . " "

: .

() , !

, (.) .

(...) [...]

. ! . ,

! .

, . ,

. ,

) , . , , . (

. (..)

, ,

. , (...) , .

( ,

, ( ))

.

.

: .4.3

,

.

, . , ,

.

. ,

27

. ,

, ,

. .

. ,

"

. (). "

(). " " " "

. , " ".

, , . , , , , , ,

,

.

, , .

. - ,

.,

: ?

: . . (..) , , .

, . -

. : .

: (.) , .

-( ). (), . (.)

, . (.) -.

. , , .

, .

- . [...]

. .

[ ] .

37

.

,

, " " . ,

.

.

: . . ,

, .

, . . ,

, , , .

.

. , ,

, .

, .

, . ,

.

, .

.

, -: .

? . .

. .

. ().

, , ,

. ,

. . .

47

: . ?

: , .

. , ,

. (.) (). .

. ,

, .

? ,

. . ,

. [...]

. (.)

: ?

: , . ,

, , . .

, .-

,

. , ,

, .

. .

, !

. . ' .

, ' . .

, .

.

, .

57

, ( ) .

.

.

. .

". . " " "

.

: , () ,

( ). ,

(), .

. . , , .

. -. , .

- . () .

. . ,

, . .

. . , .

[...]

. : .

. , ? .

. ()

. , .

. . .

, ,

. .

. ! , ! , . ' !

( ) , , !

67

. . (), ,

.

. ,

" :

, !"

. , ,

. , , ,

, , .

?

, . . ,

: ? , .

: , . , , ,

, , .

, ! , , ,

. . ,

. . ()

. . , .

. , ,

? , . , ,

. ( .) . .

.

. .

.

.

77

: " " .5.3

.2.5.3

, '

", ecnamrofrep redneG "). 0991 ,reltuB " " (

". , ecnamrofrep gnitneraP , "

, . -

". , "", , "

, "".

- "" "", "" "" .

, ), , (

, .

""

"), elbuort redneG. " " ("

"). , elbuort gnitneraP " " ("

,. " ", " "

.

.

" " .

,

, . " ",

gnissorC- . " gnissorC"

, .

), 8002 ,hciwtneN . , ' (

ylrehtoM), (rehtom elaM (-), rehtaf elameF (- :

). srehtom ylrehtaF) (srehtaf

87

, ,

. ,

"" . ,

, - . , ""

. . , ,

. ,

. "" "". -

" ".

? .1.5.3

" ".

.

" ". : ?

? ? -? -

: : 1

. .

.

, .

.

-,

. , , . -

" . , :

" , ."

(). . "

.

, . ,

, . , .

97

, . , .

.

.

. --: (),

. , . , ()

. . .

! . . ! , ,

. . , . .

.

.

.

. . ,

. , .

.

. , ,

. ,

. ,

. , ,

, .

: [] ! [...] .

. - ,

! . . . ,

, . .

. . [...] ,

08

, . , ,

. . () ,

, . . ,

, , ! - ,

[...]

: , , , .

. (). [...] ,

() . (), .

, ( ), . ()

(), , . ,

. . , ,

() .

[...]

: . . ! . , !

!

. ,

. . , ,

, . , ,

. ,

: , " ": 1

. .

, ,

: . - . ,

-: [] .

. , ! , !

18

. - - .

-. -[...]

.

, .

,

" ". . -

. ,

" : .

. "

: []

. , ,

. .

.

, , .

. , .

. [...]

: ?

: . ? . ,

. .

.

. , .

. , , ,

. .

28

, . , ,

.

, , , .

. .

,

. ,

". "

. " "

. .

. , .

" " . :

, "", "",

, .

"" "". , . ,

, .

, , ,

" , ,

" " . !"

"". , ""

", , . gnissorC , "

. ,, gnissorC-

. ,

. ,

(/, /) .

.

38

.6.3

(, , )

.

.

, .

, ,

. -

, , " ",

. , ,

, , , . , -

.

, ,

,

.-

, .

, .

, .

. ,

.

, , ,

. ,

. .

" . -

, "

" " , .

48

.

, .

58

.4

.

: , .

, , ,

.,

.2.4

. , , , ,

.

:

. -, ,

.

) 9001: (

"" . "",

.

,bmaL . , (

, , ), 7891

,

.

) 2002 ,nosnoM & ffolrO (

.

.

, . ,

, .

, .

68

) . 7891 ,bmaL (

, , ,

, , , ,

.

, -) 6001. (

. , .

) , 7891 ,bmaL (

.

, - .

: , , , .

" ", .

, . ,

, , "" .

.

,

. -

" ". ,

. " "

. , -" ".

. ,

, . ,

, -. ,

.

: ,

. ,

. , . ,

.

78

, .

, .

, , , , , , . ,

. (, ) ,

.

, , ,

? , ,

?

) 7002 ,tecuoD (

, "?rehtom nem oD " .

?

.

, .

. ""

.

"" ). 7002 ,tecuoD ni ,5991 ,kcidduR" (gnikniht lanretaM "

. , , ,

.

. ,

, ,

. .

, , ,

, .

, )7002 ,tecuoD(

.

88

.

( ) (

). : ()

'. () , ,

. () ,

" " . ,

,

, .

) ( -

) revigeraC(

.

, ,

. ,

. , .

. ,

: -

.

("

. ") (" ")

: , , ,

. -

, . , ,

) . 9491 ,duerF (

, ). 2001 , (, ,

). 4002 ,bmaL & yaD (

98

.

.,

, .

. ,

', , , , ,

, .

"".

,5991 ,kcidduR) (0002 ,dwoD (-,

. ). 7002 ,tecuoD ni

, ,

.

). 2002 ,nosboH & namgreB) (eraC) (hsaC (

, ,

.

.

. ,

, .

, .

, .

, , , , , ,

.

.

.

.

,, .

09

. , ,

, . ,

, , - . ,

. ,

: ,

.- , ,

.

, .

,

, .

.1.4

) . 6991 ,llahsraM & smadA. (

, , .

( , , )

) 6991 ,rendraG & rewerB). (- - (

-, - .

. , ,

.

, ,

( ( )

, , -). ,

.-

. ,

. ,

19

) . 6991 ,llahsraM & smadA (

( , ),

" [ ]. . , :

- ".

.

) 8691 ,3691 ,noskirE(

. ,

- .

. .

. , : ? 91-11

, ? ?

. .

, 91 . ,

,

).4002 ,grebnietS & renreL (

, ,

. , , ,

, .

,

, , ,

, . -

,

. , ,

.

.

. .

29

,

.

,

, .

, , '

, .

: ? ,

, , , ? ,

. ,

. ,

, .

, .

( ) .

, " ",

). - (

.

. , . ,

" ".

.

, .

", . noitamrof ytitnedI , "

. "".

, , , , , , , ,

). 1991 ,negreG (- ' - .

-

). 5002 ,xineohP & isnattaR , (,

39

, :

., ,

, . -

. ,

. ,

. .

. ,

" . "" "

, "".

,

, . : .

, . ."-"

.

,

. , , ,

, , .

, , .

, .

,

.

-

.

, . ,

? , ,

, .

49

.3.4

,)8791 ,worodohC ' (

. /

. ,

"" "".

.

.

). 4002 ,namsiR (

).3002 ,dlihcshcoH(

, ,

. " : .

. . . ."

.

) 9001 . (

. ,

.

.

. ,

. ,

, . , . ,

"". , -

"" "" "" ""

.

), 0991 ,reltuB (

. ,

.

59

, ,

"" "". ,

") , , elbuort redneG " " ("

" " ").elbuort gnitneraP " " ("

, .

, , .

" "

. " ", .

. , " "

,

, .

( ) .

?

. , , ,

- .

, . , ,

, .

) 9991' (-). , 0002 ,.la te ihcnaiB (

eraC . " %001-%66- ,

" , , ticifed

-). 5991 ,dlihcshcoH (

).8002 ,noslekiM, (

,

" " . , -

- -

, , , , .

69

.

, , .

.

). , 1101 (, , (')

. , , ,

, ,

. , ,

, - .

, .

.4.4

"" ,

" ",

. ,

.

- . " "

.

. " ) 3991 ,0991 ,reltuB(

"

. , .

), 7002 ,tecuoD (

. , , , ,

. ,

" "

; , .

.; ;

79

, ,

"", , ""

" ".

, ,

. " "

, , . ,

" ". - " " -

.

- . / /,

" " -" "

- "" "", , .

" " , " ".

, .

, , ) ( , , ). (

.5.4

, , .

. ,

.

, , .

. , .

.

. .

,

, ). 9001 ( ,

.

89

. ,

, ( , ,

. ).

. ,

;

, , . ",

, - , , ,

. 11-21 .

.

,

,

. - .

.

/

, ,

. , .

, .

" " ,

"). elbuort gnitneraP) " " (""ecnamrofrep gnitneraP("

, .

: .6.4

-

.

, . ,

, .

99

( ) ,

"" . .

, . , .

(, , ), .

, . -,

,

.-

. -

. , ( -

), , .

, .

", elbuort redneG " , '

- . ,

, . .

, . , .

( "" , " ".

( ) "" )

, , .

. ,

" ", .

" " .

,

, " " "" "" .,

, /, "" ""

.

001

: .5

, ,

. - , ,

? ? ? ,

, . -

.

. ,

.

.

. ,

.

, . ,

.

, , , ,

-

). 6001 (, ,

"" ""

, -). , 9991 ,ztlohcuB (

"" "" .

, ,

.

, ,

. , .

) . 6991 ,tiveL (

, . ,

101

. ,

, , .

, , , ,

, .

, ' . , -

. ,

. ,

, , . -

. , ,

, .

, , ,

, , . . ,

201

.6

: : . ). 3001. (,

.91-01 ,61-11 , , ,

, ). : . 1001. (,

). : 601-261(' , , ), (

; : .

. -: . : ). 1191. ( ,

: .

: . : . ). 6001. (,

: . : . .). 6001. (, -

,: : .). 1101. (,

.

: . ). 1001. (,

, . :

: ). 1001; , '; , . (, '

. -: . 11

: .

: ). , : ' . 1001, . (

.101-191 , ',

" : " '".). 1101.10.10. (,

, , ".

. -", "

). 1001. (, ;, ;, --

: : .

. , ,

, . ).9001. (",

.

301

: , : .). 9001. (, ;,

.

, . , : .). 6001. (, '

: .

, , ). : . 9001. (,

(' : , ' (), - , -

; , - : ).11-9

.

). , . 0101. (, ;, - ;,

). : 11-11(' (), -

.

). ( ). , , 6001, . (

' -, ', , , , -

). : 201-26(' : (),

; , .

: ' . ). 1001, . (

. ,

. :). 3001. (,

.011-12, ,

: . :). 2001. (,

. : " " , ;

- ). . 0101. (, -

.- ). :69-36(' (),

, . -). : 9991', . (-

' -, , , , - ,

). : . 661-201(' (),

401

, , , ). . 1001. (,

: : . ). 29-21(' ), ( ,

.

.111-221, 11 , ). , , . 9001. (,

: .: . . ). 9001. (,

- ). . 0101. (, - ;,

.- ). :61-1(' (),

. : ' ). 1001, . (

). : . 11-2(' ' ,

: . : . .). 1001. (',

: ). 2001. (, ;,

: "..

. :). 3001. (,

, .

: , . : ). 2001. (,

.

, : : .). 6001, . (-

" " , ; .

fo ygolohcysp laicos latnempoleved A .)6991( .K ,aliehS ,llahsraM & ,.R ,dlareG ,smadA

.244-924 ,91 ,ecnecselodA fo lanruoJ .txetnoc-ni-nosrep eht gnidnatsrednU :ytitnedi

etabed ytidilav eht gniweiveR :yriuqni eviterpretni gnitaulavE .)0002( .enaJ ,neeruaM ,negnA

.593-873 ,01 ,hcraeseR htlaeH evitatilauQ .eugolaid eht gninepo dna

namow A :pihsnoitaler dehcraeser-rehcraeser eht no snoitcelfeR .)7991( .yrreT ,llednerA

.863-143 ,02 ,ygoloicoS evitatilauQ .nem gniweivretni

dnasuohT ;nodnoL .stsitneics laicos rof gniweivretnI .)9991( .reteP ,thginK & ,yraliH ,yeskrA

.egaS :AC ,skaO

105

Bandura, Albert. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory.

Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Bem, Sandra, L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting

and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162.

Bem, Sandra, L. (1975). Sex role adaptability: One consequence of psychological androgyny.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 634-643.

Bem, Sandra. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing.

Psychological Review, 88, 354-364.

Bergman, Helena, & Hobson, Barbara. (2002). Compulsory fatherhood: The coding of

fatherhood in the Swedish welfare state. In Barbara Hobson (Ed.), Making men into

fathers: Men, masculinities and the social politics of fatherhood (pp. 92-124).

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bianchi, Suzanne, M.; Milkie, Melissa, A.; Sayer, Liana, C. & Robinson, John, P. (2000). Is

anyone doing the housework? Trends in the gender division of household labor. Social

Forces, 79, 191-228.

Blass, Thomas. (1991). Understanding behavior in the Milgram obedience experiment: The

role of personality, situations, and their interactions. Journal of Personality and Social

Psychology, 60, 398-413.

Branch, Curtis, W.; Tayal, Priti; & Triplett, Caria. (2000). The relationship of ethnic identity

and ego identity status among adolescents and young adults. International Journal of

Intercultural Relations, 23, 777-790.

106

Brewer, Marilynn, B., & Gardner, Wendi. (1996). Who is this we? Levels of collective

identity and self representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 83-

93.

Bruner, Jerome, Seymour. (1990). Acts of meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University

Press.

Bucholtz, Mary. (1999). Bad examples Transgression and progress in language and gender

studies. In Mary Bucholtz, A. C. Liang, & Laurel A. Sutton (Eds.), Reinventing

identities The gendered self in discourse in language and gender (pp. 3-24). New

York: Oxford University Press.

Burgess, Adrienne. (1997) Fatherhood reclaimed: The making of the modern father. London:

Vermilion.

Buss, David, M. (2008). Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind. Boston: Allyn

& Bacon.

Buss, David, M., & Shackelford, Tod, K. (1997). From vigilance to violence: Mate retention

tactics in married couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 346-361.

Bussey, Kay, & Bandura, Albert. (1999). Social cognitive theory of gender development.

Psychological Review, 106, 676-713.

Butler, Judith. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York:

Routledge.

Butler, Judith. (1993). Bodies that matter: On discursive limits of sex. New York: Routledge.

Chodorow, Nancy, J. (1978). The reproduction of mothering: Psychoanalysis and the

sociology of gender. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

107

Coltrane, Scott. (1996). Family man: Fatherhood, housework, and gender equity. New York:

Oxford University Press.

Ct, James, E., & Levine, Charles, G. (2002). Identity formation, agency, and culture: A

social psychological synthesis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Day, Randal, D., & Lamb, Michael, E. (2004). Conceptualizing and measuring father

involvement: Pathways, problems, and progress. In Randal D. Day & Michael E. Lamb

(Eds.), Conceptualizing and measuring father involvement (pp. 1-15). Mahwah, NJ:

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Doucet, Andrea. (2007). Do men mother? Fathering, care, and domestic responsibility.

Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Dowd, Nancy, E. (2000). Redefining fatherhood. New York: New York University Press.

Dunkel, Curtis, S., & Sefcek, Jon, A. (2009). Eriksonian lifespan theory and life history

theory: An integration using the example of identity formation. Review of General


Erikson, Erik, Homburger. (1963). Childhood and society. New York: Norton.

Erikson, Erik, Homburger. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.

Flavell, John, H.; Miller, Patricia, H., & Miller, Scott, A. (2002). Cognitive development.

Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Fonow, Mary, Margaret, & Cook, Judith, A. (2005). Feminist methodology: New applications

in the academy and public policy. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30,

2211-2236.

Forste, Renata; Bartkowski, John, P., & Jackson, Rebecca, Allen. (2009). Just be there for

them: Perceptions of fathering among single, low-income men. Fathering, 7, 49-69.

108

Freud, Sigmund. (1949). An outline of psychoanalysis. New York: W. W. Norton.

Gergen, Kenneth, J. (1991). The saturated self: Dilemmas of identity in contemporary life.

New York: Basic Books.

Gough, Brendan. (1998). Roles and discourse. In Karen Trew, & John Kremer (Eds.), Gender

and psychology (pp. 15-26). London: Arnold.

Halrynjo, Sigtona. (2009). Mens work-life conflict: Career, care and self-realization: Patterns

of privileges and dilemmas. Gender, Work and Organization, 16, 98-125.

Hamington, Maurice. (2004). Embodied care: Jane Addams, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and

feminist ethics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Hanke, Robert. (1998). Theorizing masculinity with / in the media. Communication Theory, 8,

183-203.

Harding, Sandra. (1991). Whose science? Whose knowledge? Thinking from womens lives.

New York: Cornell University Press.

Hesse-Biber, Sharlene, Nagy. (2007). Feminist research: Exploring the interconnections of

epistemology, methodology and method. In Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber (Ed.),

Handbook of feminist research: Theory and praxis (pp. 1-26). CA: Sage.

Hesse-Biber, Sharlene, Nagy; Leavy, Patricia, & Yaiser, Michelle, L. (2004). Feminist

approaches to research as a process, reconceptualizing epistemology, methodology and

method. In Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber, & Michelle L. Yaiser (Eds.), Feminist

perspectives on social research (pp. 3-26). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hjelle, Larry, A., & Ziegler, Daniel, J. (1992). Personality theories: Basic assumptions,

research, and applications. New York: McGraw-Hill.

109

Hobson, Barbara, & Morgan, David. (2002). Introduction: Making men into fathers. In

Barbara Hobson (Ed.), Making men into fathers: Men, masculinities and the social

politics of fatherhood (pp. 1-21). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hochschild, Arlie, Russell. (1995). The culture of politics: Traditional, postmodern, cold

modern, and warm-modern ideals of care. Social Politics: International Studies of

Gender, State, and Society, 2, 331-346.

Hochschild, Arlie, Russell. (2003). The second shift. New York: Penguin.

Hollinger, Robert. (1994). Postmodernism and the social sciences: A thematic approach.

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Jacobson-Widding, Anita. (1983). Identity: Personal and socio-cultural. Atlantic Highlands,

NJ: Humanities Press.

Kohlberg, Lawrence. (1966). A cognitive-developmental analysis of children's sex-role

concepts and attitudes. In Eleanor E. Maccoby (Ed.), The development of sex

differences (pp. 82-173). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Kroger, Jane. (2007). Identity development: Adolescence through adulthood. Thousand Oaks,

CA: Sage.

Krumer-Nevo, Michal. (2009). From voice to knowledge: Participatory action research,

inclusive debate and feminism. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in

Education, 22, 279-295.

Kurtines, William, M.; Berman, Steven, L.; Ittel, Angela, & Williamson, Susan. (1995). Moral

development: A co-constructivist perspective. In William M. Kurtines & Jacob L.

Gewirtz (Eds.), Moral development: An introduction (pp. 337-376). New York: Wiley.

110

Lamb, Michael, E. (1987). Introduction: The emergent American father. In Michael E. Lamb

(Ed.), The father role: A cross-cultural perspective (pp. 126). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence

Erlbaum.

Lamb, Michael, E. (1997). Father and child development: An introductory overview and

guide. In Michael E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (pp. 1-

18). New York: Wiley.

Lamb, Michael, E.; Pleck, Joseph, H.; Charnov, Eric, L., & Levine, James, A. (1987). A

biosocial perspective on parental behavior and involvement. In Jane Beckman

Lancaster, Jeanne Altman, Alice S. Rossi, & Lonnie R. Sherrod (Eds.), Parenting

across the life span: Biosocial dimensions (pp. 111-142). New York: Aldine de

Gruyter.

Lather, Patti. (1991). Getting smart: Feminist research and pedagogy with/in the postmodern

New York: Routledge.

Lerner, Richard, M., & Steinberg, Laurence. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of adolescent

psychology (Second edition). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Leslie, Leigh, A.; Anderson, Elaine, A., & Branson, Meredith, P. (1991). Responsibility for

children: The role of gender and employment. Journal of Family Issues, 12, 197-210.

Levinson, Daniel, J. (1978). The seasons of a mans life. New York: Alfred Knopf.

Levinson, Daniel, J. (1996). The seasons of a womans life. New York: Alfred Knopf.

Levit, Nancy. (1996). Feminism for men: Legal ideology and the construction of maleness.

UCLA Law Review, 43, 1037-1116.

111

Lewis, Jane. (2002). The problem of fathers: Policy and behavior in Britain. In Barbara

Hobson (Ed.), Making men into fathers: Men, masculinities and the social politics of

fatherhood (pp. 125-149). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lippa, Richard, A. (2005). Gender, nature, nurture. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum

Associates.

Lupton, Deborah, & Barclay, Lesley. (1997). Constructing fatherhood: Discourses and

experiences. London: Sage.

Marcia, James, E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of

Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 551-558.

Marcia, James, E.; Waterman, Alan, S.; Matteson, David, R.; Archer, Sally, L., & Orlofsky,

Jacob, L. (Eds.). (1993). Ego identity: A handbook for psychosocial research. New

York: Springer-Verlag.

Marsiglio, William. (1995). Fathers diverse life course patterns and roles. In William

Marsoglio (Ed.), Fatherhood: Contemporary theory, research, and social policy (pp.

78-101). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Maurer, Trent, W., & Pleck, Joseph, H. (2006). Fathers caregiving and breadwinning: A

gender congruence analysis. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 7, 101-112.

Meissner, William, W. (2005). Gender identity and the self: Gender formation in general and

in masculinity. Psychoanalytic Review, 92, 1-27.

Mikelson, Kelly, S. (2008). He said, she said: Comparing mother and father reports of father

involvement. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70, 613624.

Moore, Burness, E., & Fine, Bernard, D. (1990). Psychoanalytic terms and concepts. New

Haven, Conn: American Psychoanalytic Association.

112

Morgan, David, Hopcraft, John. (1992). Discovering men. London: Routledge.

Nentwich, Julia, C. (2008). New fathers as gender troublemakers? Exploring discursive

constructions of heterosexual parenthood and their subversive potential. Feminism &


Orloff, Ann, Shola, & Monson, Renee. (2002). Citizens, workers or fathers? Men in the history

of US social policy. In Barbara Hobson (Ed.), Making men into fathers: Men,

masculinities and the social politics of fatherhood (pp. 61-91). Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Palkovitz, Rob, & Palm, Glen. (2009). Transitions within fathering. Fathering, 7, 3-22.

Parsons, Talcott, & Bales, Robert, F. (1955). Family: Socialization and interaction process.

Glencoe: Free Press.

Patton, Michael, Quinn. (2002). Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry: A

personal, experiential perspective. Qualitative Social Work, 1, 261-283.

Perl-Littunen, Satu. (2007). Gender equality or primacy of the mother? Ambivalent

descriptions of good parents. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, 341351.

Person, Ethel, S., & Ovesey, Lionel. (1983). Psychoanalytic theories of gender identity.

Journal of American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 11, 203-226.

Phoenix, Ann. (2008). Analysing narrative contexts. In Molly Andrews, Corinne Squire, &

Maria Tamboukou (Eds.), Doing narrative research (pp. 64-77). Los Angeles; London:

Sage.

Rattansi, Ali, & Phoenix, Ann. (2005). Rethinking youth identities: Modernist and

postmodernist frameworks. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research,

5, 97-123.

113

Risman. Barbara, J. (2004). Gender as a social structure: Theory wrestling with activism.

Gender & Society, 18, 429-450.

Ross, Lee. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the

attribution process. In Leonard Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social

psychology, Vol. 10 (pp. 174-221). New York: Academic Press.

Ross, Lee, & Nisbett, Richard, E. (1991). The person and the situation: Perspectives of social

psychology. New York: McGraw Hill.

Ruble, Diana, N.; Martin, Carol, Lynn, & Berenbaum, Sheri, A. (2006). Gender development.

In Nancy Eisenberg, William Damon, & Richard M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child

psychology: Social, emotional and personality development (Vol. 6) (pp. 858-932).

Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Schwartz, Seth, J. (2001). The evolution of Eriksonian and neo-Eriksonian identity theory and

research: A review and integration. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and

Research, 1, 7-58.

Song, Miri, & Parker, David. (1995). Commonality, difference and the dynamics of disclosure

in in-depth interviewing. Sociology, 29, 241-256.

Spelman, Elizabeth, V. (1988). The inessential woman: Problems of exclusion in feminist

thought. Boston: Beacon Press.

Squire, Corinne. (2008). Experience-centred and culturally-oriented approaches to narrative. In

Molly Andrews, Corinne Squire, & Maria Tamboukou (Eds.), Doing narrative

research (pp. 41-63). Los Angeles; London: Sage.

114

Squire, Corinne; Andrews, Molly, & Tamboukou, Maria. (2008). Introduction: What is

narrative research? In Molly Andrews, Corinne Squire, & Maria Tamboukou (Eds.),

Doing narrative research (pp. 1-21). Los Angeles; London: Sage.

Tyson, Phyllis. (1982). A developmental line of gender identity, gender role, and choice of

love object. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 30, 61-86.

Tyson, Phyllis. (1989). Infantile sexuality, gender identity, and obstacles to oedipal

progression. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 37, 1051-1069.

Weiss, Meira. (2002). The chosen body: The politics of the body in Israeli society. Stanford:

Stanford University Press.

Wilson, Edward, Osborne. (1975). Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Cambridge: Harvard

University Press.

Zilber, Tammar, B.; Tuval-Mashiach, Rivka, & Lieblich, Amia. (2008). The embedded

narrative: Navigating through multiple contexts. Qualitative Inquiry, 14, 1047-1069.

511

.7

.2.7

,

. ,

' '

. , , .

.

, . ,

. .

. ,

, .

. .

, . .

(). ,

. ,

.

. , ,

. ,

. .

, , 11

( ) ___________.

.______ , , _____ . ___________

.

: : :

611

.

: : :

711

.1.7

,

. ,

' '

. , , .

. , .

. ___________

, / ,

. .

.

, / ___________

, ___________ / .

. ,

. . /,

( ) ___________/ /

.______ , , _____ . ___________

. ___________/ /

: : :

: : :

.

: : :

811

.3.7

:

, . .

? .

. ? .

? "" .

. .

-

.

.

.

.

.

" / "

"" .

.

.

.

.

.

.

/.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

,

.

.

.

.

.

?

.

.

.

911

.4.7

'1

'1

021

'3

'1

121

'1

'6

221

'2

'1

321

'9

'01

421

'11

'11

521

'31

'11

621

'11

'61

721

'21

'11

821

'91

'01

921

.5.7

'1

'1

031

'3

'1

131

'1

'6

231

'2

'1

331

'9

'01

431

'11

'11

531

'31

'11

631

'11

'61

731

'21

'11

831

'91

'01

931

- .6.7

.2

, ,

?

, ,

.1

041

.3

, ,

'

141

.4

'

.5

, ,

241

, , .6

.7

341

--

/

.2

?

Tel Aviv University

The Gershon H. Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences

The Department of Psychology

The Making of Paternal Identity among Adolescent Boys

Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Master Degree

By

Yaara Levine Fraiman

This work was carried out under the supervision of

Prof. Einat

Documents

יערה לוין-פריימן | להתבגר ולהתמגדר: התהוות זהות אבהית בקרב נערים