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Clark 1880WGS 84

. )Datum(

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)1( Coordinate systems and Transformation, (2002) Available at www. GIs mapTransformation. com

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)2(:

Geodetic Coordinate System -1

.

( ) . .

.

)3(:

X = ( N + h ) cos ( phi ) cos ( lamb da )

Y = ( N + h ) cas ( phi ) sin ( lamb da )

Z = [ N ( e

) + h ] sin ( phi )

:

h=

phi=

lambda=

e=

N=

)2( Knippers. R. A and Hendrikse. M. J. (2000) Coordinate Transform motionCartographic. Karnkatern. 2000. P3.

)3( Coordinate System and Transformation. () Available at www. GIS map.

transformation. com.

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.

WGS8 :

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) [ ]( ) xyLambda

hNNeyxZphi

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:fo lo Latitude and Longitude of grid origin

fp lp Latitude and Longitude of point

ko Central Meridian Scale Factor .

)4( Basic under standing of coordinate system, (2003) Available www. GIS map.com

)5( The useful surveying Data, (2003) Available at www.swsurveys.com.

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FE FN False Eastings an

Northings

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)1(

: Knippers. R. A and Hendrikse M. T. Coordinate Transformation

x y z

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Quadratic C

y

. y.

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Coordinates system and tran

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sformation. www.GIS map transformation.co

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Z

). (

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Loud P. Q ueen. & charles

)6( Datums and Coordinates,

)(

R. Blinn. The Busics of Geographic Informa

sys

(2001) Available at www. natianal mapping.

): (

:tion

ems.

)6(:

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4- :Analytical Coordinate System

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)7( Basic understanding of coordinate systems, (2003) Available at www. GIS map.

)8( 127.

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)9( Projections and coordinate

.))9

()

=

1(

1(

=

x y z

x y - z

ystems, (2005) Available at www. geog.ubc.culc

a

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.

1

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-.

4 =b / a = .688..8

)12( Knippers, R. A. and Hendrikse. J. (2000) Coordinate Transformation Kartografic.Kernkatern. P8.

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WGSClark 1880

- f

=

e

= ( b/a )

= ( -f )

f

==

e

.66

.888

6

.68

.88

-.

-.88

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=

66.6m

6.6

=

( + b ) / =

68.

m6.

8

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ra

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/e ) In [( + e ) / ( e ) ] =

=

66.

km

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m

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6

.8

.

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= =

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m

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=)/(2/1 A

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WGSClark 1880

10

= ab / ( a + b

)

6.8

m688m.8

11

=

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-=a

.km

( see apove )

. x

km

( see above )

.

1

=

-

=

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66.8

m

86.km

68 m

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-8

1

=6. km68.8 Km-.6

14

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/

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6.

m

6 m

68

-6.

8

:

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( (

)( )

()h()x , y , z(

) )13 ). (

)13( Datum and Coordinates, (2001) Available at www. National mapping.

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AB

Datum BDatum A

)(

: - Loud P. Queen. & Charles R. Blinn. The Basics of Geographic information systems.

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.

.

WGS8 :))14

Datum Name = E llipseid Name , shift x shift y hiht Z Name Geographic Areaov as Datum Name = Ellipseid Name The girendatum

shift values are compared to WGS8 .

)Datum( 1880WGS84

-

Clark88WGS8 :)15(.

Longitude ( Clarke 88 ) = Longitude ( WGS 8 ) ( Corrected nears )

)14( Knippers, R. A. and Hendrikse. J. (2000) Coordinate Transformation Kartografic.Kernkatern. P12.

)15( Wonnocoh, R. (1997). World Geodetic system 84, Op. cit. P23.

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Latitude ( Clark 88 ) = Latitude ( WGS8) ( Corrected to nears )

WGS84Clark1880UTM -

UTM ) )UTM.

UTM :

Zene ( ) UTM Easting ( Clark 88 ) = UTM Easting WGS8( )

UTm Northing ( clark88 ) = UTM NorthingWGS8 +( )

Zone ( ) UTM Easting ( clark 88 ) = UTM EastingWGS8( )

UTM Northing ( clarK88) = UTM NorthingWGS8 +( )

)()16(.

)4( 1880WGS84

)16( Wonnocoh, R. (1997). World Geodetic system 84, Op. cit. P25.

WGS84 1880

a = .4

f = 0.4

x = -4

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:Loud P. Queen . & Charles R. Blinn. The Basics of Geographic Information

systems.