- 1. CONTENTS . 1 . 9 . 19 . 29 . 39 . 47 . 73 . 83 . 93 .
97
2. . 3. 3 . 1. : (Republic of South Africa) : Pretoria(), Cape
Town(), Bloemfontein() : 1,219,090( 5.5, 12) : 4,991(2010) (79.4%),
(9.2%), (8.8%), /(2.6%) : 4.27(Freedom Day, 1994.4.27 ) : Jacob
Gedleyihlekisa Zuma( ) : : (National Assembly, 400), (National
Council of Provinces, 90) : (79.8%), (1.5%), (1.2%) : , 9 (Zulu,
Xhosa, Sesotho) 11 G D P : 3,544(2010, IMF) 1GDP : 7,101(2010, IMF)
4. 4 - (2010) : 858(,,,, ) - (2010) : 818(,,,, ) : RAND($1=6.8Rand,
2011.6 ) : UN, WTO, IMF, WHO, ILO, AU(), NAM(), , SADC() 2. (
22-35, 17-33) , . , , , , 900~1,200m . . (3,482m), , , , . 5. 5 3.
( 17) 1 (11-3) (6-9) , , , * : 100mm()1,500mm() - , 20-30, 0-20 -
Cape Town 10-25 4. . 1994 1995.4 (Call of South Africa) (Nkosi
Sikele'i Africa) - Nkosi Sikelel'i Africa God Bless Africa
Apartheid ANC , * Nkosi Sikelel'i Africa 1897 Enoch Sontonga 1995 2
, , , 4 6. 6 . , Protea (Khoi-Khoi) 2 , . : King Protea (Proteus) ,
(100 ) , - , 7. 7 . : Yellow Wood 1 , Yellow Wood 40 m , . : Blue
Crane , , , 8. 8 . : Springbok Springbok , 25 , - 1995 , Springboks
9. . 10. 11 . 1. (Bushman) (Khoi-Khoi) , 17 (Bantu) , 18 , 4 (San
People) 2. 1488 (Bartholomu Dias) 1652 , , ( ) 1679 , (Khoi-Khoi) ,
, - (Boer) , (Cape 11. 12 Town) 18 Great Fish , 100 19 - 18 , 3.
1795-1803 , 1806 1814 1820 , 1834 - (Great Trek) , 1852 1854
Transvaal - Transvaal , 12. 13 1899 () 20 4. 1909.9.20 (South
Africa Act) , , Cape Province, Natal 4 ( ) 1910.5.31 1912 (SANNC) ,
1923 SANNC, (ANC) - ( 60%) , , , , (Afrikaner) 1948 , ( ) 1953 13.
14 5. 1958 Verwoerd 1960.10.5 1960.3.21 67 , 200 (1976 3.21 (Human
Rights Day) ) 1960 ANC(African National Congress) PAC(Pan
Africanist Congress) , 1961.3 1961.5.31 1966 Dr. Henddrik Verwoerd
, B.J.Vorster 1971 Bantu Homeland 1959 Bantu 1972 , ( ) 1974.4 , ,
, Vorster (Detente Diplomacy) 1975 Vorster , 14. 15 1975.8
SWAPO(South West Africa People's Organization) Cunene 1975 , , , ,
5 , (Front Line States) 1976.6 100 Soweto , 1977 , 1978 Vorster ,
P.W.Botha 1980.2 , Musorewa UANC(United Africa National Council)
Mugabe ZANU-PF(Zimbabwe African National Union- Patriotic Front)
1980 , 1981.4.29 , 165 131 , Botha 1982.2 Andries Treurnicht Botha
, 15. 16 1983.9 Botha 1984.9 3 , 1984.9.14 P.W. Botha 1985 1985.4
(1927 ) (1949 ) 1985.9 1986.6 , 1987.5 166 123 , 1988.2 17 , 2
1989.1 Botha C. Heunis (Botha 2.2 ) 1989.9 De Klerk 1990.2 De Klerk
2.11 ANC 16. 17 1990.3.20 1990.6 1991.6 , , 3 1991.7 ANC (SACP) , ,
Mandela , Sisulu , Ramaphosa 1993.10 (TEC) - 1992-93 (1993.4 Chris
Hani ) 1993.12 (TEC) 1994 1994.3 1994.4.26-29 - ANC 63% , 320
1994.5.10 ANC 6. 1994.5 (ANC), (NP), (IFP) 3 (GNU: Government of
National Unity) ANC - 17. 18 - 94 UN, SADC, AU, , 1996.7 (NP) , ANC
1999.10 , 1996.6.2 2 ANC ( 400 266 ) 1999.6 Thabo Mbeki 2 2000.6
(DP), (NNP) (FA) (DA, Democratic Alliance) 2001.11 (NNP),
Democratic Alliance ANC 2003.3 (TRC) 2004.4 Thabo Mbeki 2005.6
Jacob Zuma , 2007.12 Polokwane ANC Zuma 2008.9 Mbeki Motlanthe
2008.12 ANC (COPE, Congress of the People) 2009.4.22 ANC ( 400 264
) 2009.5.9 Jacob Zuma 18. . 19. 21 . 1. . - - - , 2 - , (ANC) (DA,
Democratic Alliance), ANC (COPE), -(KwaZulu-Natal) (IFP, ) . 1) 5
(National Assembly) (National Council of Provinces) 20. 22 400 , ,
, () - : Hon. Max Sisulu 90 (9 10 ), - : Hon. M J Mahlangu 2) , ( )
- ( ) 1 80 - , 3) (Roman Dutch Law) , , , , 7 , 310 (Magistrate's
Court), 1 10 (High Court) (Supreme Court of Appeals) , 21. 23 - ,
JSC(Judicial Service Commission) 4) (Central Government) 9
(Provincial Government), 284 (Local Government) 9 (Provincial
Government) - (Gauteng), (Mpumalanga), (Limpopo), -(Kwazulu-Natal),
(Free-State), (North-West), (Northen Cape), (Eastern Cape),
(Western Cape) 5) ANC(, African National Congress) - 1912 Pixley ka
Isaka Seme - , - 1940 , Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu ANC (Youth
League) - 1961 Umkhonto We Sizwe( ) , - 1964 , , - 1990 ANC 22. 24
- 1994 Nelson Mandela - 1999, 2004, 2009 17 - , - , - (COSATU)
(SACP) - : Jacob Zuma - : Kgalema Mothlanthe - : 264( ) DA(,
Democratic Alliance) - 1959 (United Party) (Progressive Party) -
1970-80 - 1989 (Democratic Party) - 2000 (NNP) (DA) - ANC , - Open
Opportunity Society for all , - : Helen Zill - : 67 (1) 23. 25 2. .
1994.4 Mandela 1999.6 2004.4 (ANC: African National Congress) Mbeki
, 2009.4 ANC ( 65.9%) Zuma - 2009.4 ANC 400 264 , DA(Democratic
Alliance) 67, 2008.12 ANC COPE(Congress of the People) 30,
IFP(Inkatha Freedom Party) 18 21 17 , , - ANC (Tripartite Alliance)
COSATU( ) SACP() ( ) , , HIV/AIDS(580 ) , Zuma 2009.5 5 5 - , , , ,
, 24. 26 . Zuma 10 - 2020 500 () , , HIV . 2009.4.22 ANC 2/3 ANC ,
2009.5.9 Zuma ANC - Apartheid ANC , ANC ANC , ANC 3 COSATU() 25. 27
SACP() ANC , 2010.10 Zuma 9 14 - 2012 ANC Zuma Zuma 2011 (11.2)
(Year of Job Creation) 2020 5 (New Growth Path)' - , 6 ( , , , , ,
) , , , 11.5.18 ANC 62% , 2006 66% - , 1 DA , 2006 9% 24% - ANC -
Zuma , Zuma ANC 26. . 27. 31 . 1. . 1990 UN, WTO - , G8 Outreach 5
, G20 . GDP 21%, 16% (SADC) 15 GDP 80% . - (African Union) (NEPAD)
, (Pan-African Parliament) 28. 32 - AASROC (Asia-Africa
Sub-Regional Organizations Conference) - 2005.4 50 - (AASROC
Summit) -- 3(IBSA; India-Brazil-South Africa) . 201112 - , 2010.12
BRICs(Brazil-Russia-India-China) 2011 4 3 BRICS 2010 FIFA . - ANC
Obama , - ANC , , , 29. 33 - , 2 , , , 10.4 - 10.6 ( ) - 11.3 - ,
()- () (Binational Committee) 10.11 - 2010 16.9% - 10.8 , - 10.10 -
10.11 (4 ) - 11.4 (3 BRICS ) - (Partnership Forum) , 2010 - 10.4
(10 ) - 11.1 - 11.6 (11 ) 30. 34 EU - 11.3 - - (11.3), 2011-13 3 10
2. . , . ANC 15 SADC(Southern African Development Community)
NEPAD(New Partnership for African Development) , , Zuma SADC
(facilitator) Zuma (AU) (, , DR, , 5 ) , ( , , , ) 31. 35 .
-(South-South cooperation) - , -- (IBSA Forum), ----(BRICS), -
(AASROC Summit) . EU G8 EU , , 3. ASIA & OCEANIA (16)
Australia, China(PRC), India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea(ROK),
Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Taiwan(ROC), Thailand, Vietnam, Fiji EUROPE (25) Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom(Great Britain)
THE AMERICAS (12) Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Jamaica,
Mexico, Peru, Trinidad & Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela AFRICA
(40) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad,
Comores, Congo(Democratic Republic of), Congo(Republic of), Cote
DIvoire, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe THE MIDDLE EAST (10) Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait,
Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab
Emirates(UAE) 32. 36 4. ASIA & OCEANIA (19) Australia,
Bangladesh, China(PRC), India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea(DPRK),
Korea(ROK), Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan,
Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan(ROC), Thailand, Vietnam
EUROPE (33) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia & Herzogovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Holy See(Vatican), Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia & Montenegro, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom(Great
Britain) THE AMERICAS (18) Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, USA,
Uruguay, Venezuela AFRICA (42) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana,
Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Comores, Congo(Democratic
Republic of), Congo(Republic of), Cote DIvoire, Egypt, Equatorial
Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho,
Libya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi(Western
Sahara), Senegal, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe THE MIDDLE EAST (13) Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria,
United Arab Emirates(UAE), Yemen 33. 37 5. 34. . 35. 41 V. 1. 94.5
3 SADF(South African Defence Force) ANCPAC MK( : Umkhonto We Sizwe:
MK ) (SANDF: South African National Defence Force) , , , , , - 1998
82 2001 78, 2002 58 , , , 75 - 1999 10 , , , 50 , Gripen , 209
Valor . 1061 4 , (Permanent Force) (Reserve Force) 2 (SANDF : South
African National Defence Forces) , , , (Military Health Services) 4
36. 42 2. . , 37. 43 . Minister of Defence Deputy Minister of
Defence Secretary for Defence Chief of the SANDF Policy &
Planning Division Corporate Staff Division Finance Division SA Army
Material Division SA Air Force Enterprise Information System
Management SA Navy SA Military Health Service Defence Inspectorate
Joint Operations Division Defence Intelligence Division Defence
Logistics Division 38. 44 3. . () () 34,462 7,671 6,244 1,353
10,653 2,470 8,044 2,500 / 15,683 75,086 13,994 * 15,000 57,385
1,436 1,832 7,322 67,975 143,061 13,994 . ( : ) 2007/2008 2008/2009
2009/2010 / 1,935 2,054 2,346 4,215 4.058 4,852 2,651 2,871 3,176
1,388 1,488 1,671 1,831 2,000 2,278 9.011 9,771 8,557 6,721 5,774
5,722 25,922 28,016 28,632 * : 2010 39. 45 4. 1977.11 UN
Armscor(Armaments Corporation of South Africa) (77.12), - 80 30 5 -
, Armscor (92.12), Denel Armscor Denel 700 , 5 15,000 * , , , , , ,
2013 5. SADC - 2001.8 SADC (ISDSC; Inter-State Defence and Security
Committee) , , (AU; African Union) - AU (3) 40. 46 - 2001.4 DRC 100
, 2001.11.1 1 (701) 800 - 2011.1 DRC 1,200 , 2,000 - (SAS ) 1 , 41.
. 42. 49 . 1. , - 2010 , (GDP) 3,544 53 GDP 21% - 1 2010 , 7,101 -
2010 , 16% < > 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 (U$) 2,613 2,861
2,754 2,844 3,544 1 (U$) 5,455 5,911 5,643 5,792 7,101 GDP 5.6 5.6
3.6 -1.7 2.7 * : EIU, IMF , 3 - GDP( ) 3 2010 65.8% , 1 3%, 2 31.2%
(3 ) , , , - , 43. 50 , 2010 GDP 8.8% - (10, 14) 2010 , 22% - 2010
, 21% - (MIDP) BMW, , , 28% 2. , , - 2011 , 2, 5, 8 - ( 9) (CTL
GTL) , (mining) GDP 8.8%, 49 , 31.7%((processed minerals) 50%) - ,
, , 89% GDP 15%, 25 , (energy- intensive) - , , 44. 51 - 1994 (BEE,
Black Economy Empowerment) , , 2012 26% - 2010 BEE < > (A)
(B) (%, A/B) 30,156 860,938 3.5 9 U 295.6 5,404 5.5 5 3,700 76,140
4.9 8 650 87,000 0.7 14 130 350 37.1 2 300 80,000 0.4 13 6,000
51,000 11.8 2 * BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2011, USGS
Mineral Commodity Summaries 2011, WNA(World Nuclear Association) 3.
. 1) 2000 , 3% 2009 (-1.8%) , 2010 2.7% 45. 52 2) , , GEAR(Growth,
Employment and Redistribution) - (BEE) 2020 5 - 6 (, , , , ) , ,
(BEE) , ( 25% 15% ) - (COSATU) (SACP) , Zuma FTA 3) : (IRP 2010,
Integrated Resources Plan) 2011.4 2010-30 (IRP 2010)' , 2030 42.6GW
- 42.6GW 17.8GW(42%), 9.6GW(23%) 46. 53 , 2030 90% 65% , 5% 20%, 9%
- , , 2023 1 2012 . 2000 , 5% , 2009 (-1.8%) - 2010 2.8% , 2011
3.5%, 2012 4.1%, 2013 4.4% 2010 , ANC , 580 , - , , , , (RAND) , -
2011. 6 (RAND) 6.8RAND 47. 54 8 2009 - , 2010.11 35 5.5% , (SADC),
(COMESA) (EAC) 3 2013 3 (Tripartite Free Trade Area) - FTA . 16%
(2010 ) - 2010 858, 818 0.6% , (Platinum), (Ferro-alloys), , , , ,
, , . 1) 1990 , 48. 55 , 1994 1995 WTO WTO 95.1% , 1995 15%
(Non-agricultural product) 2009 7.5% - , 2009 45.5%, 63.4% <
> () () 39.5% 8.9% 15.8% 7.5% 19.0% 7.7% : WTO : (Simple Average
MFN ) 2009 , 1999 50.5% 2006 32.0%, 2007 30%, 2008 29%, 2009 28%,
2010 27% , 2012 1% 2012 25.0% , 2) , , , , , 49. 56 , (ITAC) <
> (Used goods) , , : (USTR) , 2009 3) - , 4) - 25% ( ) , 50. 57
- , Made in South Africa from imported material" - (: Made in South
Africa) 5) , , - WTO , 95~09 17 , 3 - 2007 (Lysine) - 02 WTO
2010.10 3 1 , (1), (2), (1) < > (HS) , , (7312.10) 07.8 ()
08.9 09.2 PET(3907.60) 10.7 () 10.10 11.3 (4810.92) 05.8 06.2 06.12
Lysine(4810.92) 07.5 - 07.12 * Lysine , * : (ITAC) 51. 58 2011 1/4
25% 6) (import quota) (tariff quota) - 70% , 20% , 10% BEE() - , 7)
, , (SABS) - , , , , , , , - , - , , (GMO) 1999 (The GMO Act) 52.
59 - , , GMO 8) - (MIDP) 1995 , - 2012 (APDP) - MIDP 9) (BEE) 2000
53. 60 - 2004 2003 - , 1 20% BEE , 1 10% BEE - 1996 National
Industrial Participation Program(NIPP) 30% . 10) (Counterfeit Goods
Act) (Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act) , - (WIPO) WIPO , -
, DVD , , 54. 61 11) , WTO/GATS (Telkom) , - , (Makro, SPAR,
Woolworth ) - 12) 25% , , , , , , BEE - , , 55. 62 < > (BEE :
Black Economy Empowerment) 1. . (Apartheid) . , 1950 (Group Areas
Act) , , , . , . , , 56. 63 1990 1991 1994 (Historically
Disadvantaged Individuals : HDI)1) , HDI . (Economic Sanction) .
1996 , . , 1996 , 217 2 , , 2000 1) , . (Africans), (Coloured),
(Indian) 57. 64 (Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act) .
(100) 10~20% , , 1995 (The Affirmative Action Policy Development
Foreum) , 1996 (Green Paper on Employment and Occupation Equity .
1999 (Employment Equity Act , (Skills Development Act), , 1998
(Black Economy Empowerment Commission : BEE Commission) (BEE
Commission) 2 2000 . 2003 (BEE Strategy Document) 1 (Broad-Based
Black Economy Empowerment Act : BBBEE) 58. 65 BBBEE 3 , 2007 2
BBBEE BBBEE (Codes of Good Practice on Black Economy Empowerment) .
BB-BEE , , , 59. 66 < > 1994 , (National Economic,
Development and Labour Council Act 35 of 1994) 1995 (Labour
Relations Act 66 of 1995) 1996 (217 2 : ) (Green Paper) (National
Small Business Act 102 of 1997) 1997 (Employment Equity Bill) 1999
(Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998) (Skills Development Act 97 of
1998) (National Empowerment Fund Act 105 of 1998) 2000
(Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act 5 of 2000) 2003
(Broad-Based Black Economy Empowerment Act 53 of 2003) - 2004 1
2004 BB-BEE (Codes of Good Practice) 2007 BB-BEE (Codes of Good
Practice) (2008 2 ) 60. 67 2. . (Broad-Based Black Economy
Empowerment Act) ( BBBEE) 2003 2004 1 . BBBEE 1994 , (Ministry of
Trade and Industry) (BBBEE) ( , , ) . BBBEE (Ownership) (Control) ,
, . (Codes of Good Practice) BBBEE BBBEE , ( ) BBBEE , 2007 2 ,
BBBEE 9 (Code) 61. 68 BBBEE (Framework for the Measurement),
(Measurement of the Ownership Element), (Measurement of the Control
Element), (Measurement of the Employment Equity Element),
(Measurement of the Skills Development Element), (Measurement of
the Preferential Procurement Element), (Measurement of the
Enterprise Development Element), (Measurement of the Socio-economic
Development Element), 2) (Measurement of Qualifying Small
Enterprise) 3. . (Codes of Good Practice) (Codes of Good Practice)
Code 100 (Statement) 103 (Multinational Companies)3) (Recognition
of Equity Equivalent) , BBBEE (Codes of Good Practice) , . , , . ,
, , 2) (Small Enterprise) 5 (U$66) , 35 (U$460) 3) : 3 62. 69
(Recognition of Equity Equivalent) 4 ASIGASA(Accelerated and Shared
Growth Initiative for South Africa) 2014 6% , , JIPSA(Joint
Initiative on Priority Skills Acquisition) (1994) , , (Joint
Initiative on Priority Skills Acquisition : JIPSA) , , , JIPSA
(Enterprise Creation Programs) , 50% , 30% , 50% (Socio-Economic
Development) , 63. 70 . (BBBEE) BBBEE . BBBEE BBBEE BBBEE (, )
BBBEE , BBBEE . BBBEE ( ) , BBBEE , BBBEE (Codes of Good Practice)
Code 500 () BBBEE BBBEE , BBBEE . BBBEE . (BBBEE) BBBEE (Non-Tariff
Barrier) , BBBEE BBBEE 64. 71 BBBEE (Codes of Good Practice) 7 , ,
BBBEE BBBEE (Codes of Good Practice) (Statement) 103 , ASGISA JIPSA
, 65. . 66. 75 . 1. , , / (79.4%) : Nguni(Zulu, Xhosa, Ndebele,
Swazi ), Tswana(Sothos), Tsonga, Venda (9.2%) : (8.8%) /(2.6%) 2. :
11 : , Afrikaans, IsiZulu, IsiXhosa, IsiNdebele, Sesotho sa Leboa,
Sesotho, Setswana, Siswati, Tshivenda, Xitsonga , (, , , )
1650~1850 . 57% , . , 67. 76 3. : 79.8%, 1.5%, 1.2%, 15% 80% , , ,
, . (African Independent Church) , , 2,500 . , 4. (1996) (The Bill
of Right) ( ) , (GET, R~9), (FET, 10~12 ), (HE, ) 3 . 2009 - 25 -
University 11(, , ) - University of Technology 6 (, ) -
Comprehensive University 6 (, UNISA ) - National Institute 2 (
Institute) : 1,417 - : 26,065, : 452,971 68. 77 : Grade R~12 13, 10
- : 4 (1 ~ 12 ) , , , - (University of Pretoria) (University of the
Witwatersrand) , , (2011.1) 5. , (+) (NHS) 1(Primary Healthcare) ,
- , 11 6 - 2007~2009 507 , (137), (133), (12), (61), (15), (11),
(5), (5) , , 69. 78 - : Discovery, Multimed, Selfmed - : AXA PPP
Healthcare, Bupa International 6. (60) R960 23,000,000 (18-59, 62)
R960 1,400,000 (60 ) R960 N/A (18) R650 494,992 /(18) R960 N/A (15)
R240 8,300,000 (60) R210 N/A 7. 1990 , , (2010) ( 4 8 ) . - 16,834
46.1, 1,374 12.3 - 171,292 469.3, 6,351 27 - 68,332 187.2, 18,351
3.7 - 1,007,447 2,764 256,423 3.9 70. 79 (Xenophobia) - , , - , - -
, , , 4 - , , security compound( ) 2010 , (2011.3 20 ) , 11.4.10
2() 1() 71. 80 8. - 1800 Cape Town Gazette, African Advertiser, The
South African Commercial Advertiser - Media 24, Independent News
& Media, Caxton, Avusa - The Star, Business Day, The Citizen,
The Sowetan , Daily Sun . Die Burger, Beeld - SABC(1976) SABC 1~3 3
, 11 - e-TV 1998 - M-net 1986 - Multichoice Africa(MCA, 1995)
(DStv) - 1923 1924.6 SABC 1936 . SABC 1950.7 , 1960 72. 81 - 15 3
SABC - TV 9. (Rainbow Nation) - (Miriam Makeba), (Hugh Masekela) .
Homeland" 2001 - - (Busi Mhlongo) (Zulu) . - 1980 (Johnny Clegg)
(Juluka) 73. . 74. 85 . 1. . (1 , 826) , 1978 UN , 1990 , 1992.12 ,
1994.5 1995.7 Mandela 1998.4 2007.5 Mbeki Mlambo-Ngcuka , 2006.2
2010.10 Motlanthe , 2010.11 Zuma G20 2011.1 Sisulu . : 93.3 (8 ) :
93.2 (5 Dennis ) 75. 86 . 1993.2 1993.6 (: ) 1993.9 Schoeman
1993.12 1994.4 (:Wessels ) 1994.5 , Mandela 1994.9 Jordan , UPU
1995.2 Nzo 1995.2 ( ) 1995.5 Sexwale ( ) 1995.5 Mandela 1995.7 ,
UNCTAD 1996.4 (: ) 1996.8 1996.10 1997.2 Kriel 1997.4 (1 ) 1997.4
Pahad 76. 87 1997.7 Erwin 1997.10 Ramsamy IOC 1997.10 Mbeki 1998.4
() 1998.8 1999.1 1999.6 1999.7 Morkel 2000.6 Molefe 2000.8 2000.8
Mandela 2001.3 2001.5 2001.5 6 2001.8 , 3 2002.3 , 4 2002.4 ( )
2002.5 (, ) 77. 88 2002.11 EXPO (, , , ) 2003.8 , 2004.2 Sonjica
2004.4 (Mbeki ) 2004.5 (ICAO ) 2004.5 Matsepe-Cassaburi ,
Mlambo-Ngcuka 2004.6 Sooklal (2 ) 2004.8 ( ) 2004.9 2004.9
Padayacie ( ITU Asia Telecom ) 2005.1 (, , ) 2005.1 2005.5 (, , )
2005.5 (, , , , ) 2005.6 (3 ) 2006.2 ( ) 2007.3 (BIE ) 78. 89
2007.5 Mlambo-Ngcuka 2007.11 (BIE ) 2007.11 () (G-20 ) 2008.4
2008.12 Jerry Matjila (4 ) 2009.5 (Zuma ) 2010.1 1 2010.3 2010.5
Peters 2010.7 , 2010.10 Motlanthe , Peters 2010.11 Zuma , Gordhan (
G20 ) 2011.1 Sisulu 2011.1 ( ) ( ) 2011.3 Magubane (IRP 2010 )
2011.5 ( ), ( ) 2011.6 1 (5 - ), Joemat-Petterson 79. 90 2. . 92.12
15 , 2006 30 , 2010 (39) - (2005/2006 ) , - . (: ) 2005 2006 2007
2008 2009 2010 13.2 17.9 17.5 14.0 10.8 16.7 10.9 13.8 17.6 21.5
11.7 22.7 24.1 31.7 35.1 35.5 22.5 39.4 * : KOTIS - : , , , , , - :
, , , , , 2009 , 2010 80. 91 . (: ) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
27,127 6,238 28,635 28,207 825 16,673 227,931 26,797 5,980 27,897
21,942 94 16,896 185,834 * : - (KOTRA) : 3 - , , , , , LG, ,
(M-TEK), , , 20 3. : 95.7 , 96.1.7 : 95.7 , 95.7.7 : 95.7 , 97.6.6
: 2000.8 , 2000.8.14 : 2004.2 , 2004.8.31 : 2010.10 , 2011.2.24 81.
92 4. 2011 3 4,200, Gauteng(, ) 2,200, Western Cape() 1,800,
KwaZulu-Natal () 150, 50 - ( ), ( ) ( ) 82. . 83. 95 . 1.
(1998.8.10) 1994.5 Mandela 1998.8 1998.8.10 2. (2002.3.5) , ,
2000.11 , - 2001.5 , 2002.3 - 2002.11 - 2006.10 (2009.6 3 ) 3. -
2004.9.21-24 Sooklal ( ) 84. 96 2005.3.16-20 2005.9.24-27 Pahad
2006.7.11 2009.5.8-11 (Zuma ) 4. - 2010 2.27 ( 2.25, 1.5) - , , , ,
, 85. . 86. 99 X. 1. . : Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma ( ) . :
1942.4.12 . : -(KwaZulu-Natal) . . 1958 ANC 1962 ANC (Umkhonto we
Sizwe) 1963 10 , (Robben Island) 1974 1975-87 (, , ) , 1994 ANC
1994 ANC 1997 ANC 1999-2005 2007.12 ANC 2009.5.9 87. 100 . 3 18 . (
: , ) 2004 , 16 . 2009.4 2. . : Kgalema Petrus Motlanthe( ) . :
1949.7.19 . (2009.5.10 ) ANC (2007.12 ) (Union of Mineworkers)
(1992 ) . 1976 , 11 1976-77 ANC (Umkhonto we Sizwe) 1977 , 10
(Robben Island) 1987 (Union of Mineworkers) 1990 ANC 1997-2007 ANC
88. 101 2008.7-9 2008.9-2009.5 Mbeki 2009.5- . 10.10 , 3. . : Maite
Nkoana-Mashabane( -) . : 1963.9.30 . : Limpopo . . 1992-95 Limpopo
ANC 1994-95 (National Assembly) 1995-99 1999-2004 2004 Limpopo
2004-08 Limpopo ANC / ANC 2007 ANC (NEC) 2009.5- . : (Norman
Mashabane ) 89. 102 4. . : Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela( ) . :
1918.7.18 . : (Umtata) (Qunu) . : . 1938-40 (Fort Hare University,
) 1942 (UNISA) 1943 (Fort Hare University) 1943-52 (University of
Witwatersrand, ) . 1943 (ANC) 1944 (Youth League) 1950 ANC 1952 ( )
1952.12 ANC 1961 ANC ( ) , 1964.10 1982 (Pollsmoor) - 1982 1990.2
ANC 1991.9 (National Peace Accord) 90. 103 - , 1993 (De Klerk)
1994.5.10 1999.6 Mbeki . 1992 UNESCO 1993 1995 (Honorary Member of
the Order of Merit) . , , - 1996 . (, , , ) . (1965), (1994) .
(Evelyn Ntoko Mase) (11) - ANC (Nomzamo Winnifred Madikizela-
Mandela) (2) - ANC 96.4 1998.7.18 80 (Graca Machel) 91. 104 . 95.7
01.3 5. (2011. 4 ) Minister in the presidency, planning Trevor
Manuel (ANC) Minister in the presidency, performance Collins
Chabane (ANC) Agriculture, forestry & fishing Tina
Joemat-Pettersson (SACP) Communications Roy Padayachie (ANC)
Defence Lindiwe Sisulu (ANC) Economic development Ebrahim Patel
(ANC) Energy Dipuo Peters (ANC) Finance Pravin Gordhan (ANC) Health
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affairs Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma (ANC) Human settlements Tokyo
sexwale (ANC) International Relations Maite Nkoana-Mashabane (ANC)
92. 105 Justice & constitutional development Jeff Radebe (ANC)
Labour Mildred Oliphant (ANC) Mining Susan Shabangu (ANC) Police
Nathi Mthethewa (ANC) Public enterprises Malusi Gigaba (ANC) Public
works Gwen Mahlangu-Nkabinde (ANC) Rural development & land
reform Gugille Nkwinti (ANC) State security Siyabonga Cwele (ANC)
Trade & industry Rob Davies (SACP) Transport Sibusiso Joel
Ndebele (ANC) ANC : SACP : 93. 2011 6 2011 6 37 (02)2100-7488
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