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テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 細胞分裂 セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点 微小管と細胞分裂 概観 前期 prophase 前中期 prometaphase 中期 metaphase 後期 anaphase 終期 telophase 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis

テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

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Page 1: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂

– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点

– 微小管と細胞分裂

– 概観

– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis

Page 2: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

前期突入、前中期突入、後期突入(中期脱出)

Page 3: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

前期突入、前中期突入、後期突入(中期脱出)

Page 4: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂

– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点

– 微小管と細胞分裂

– 概観

– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis

Page 5: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

微小管配置

3-577(2-579)

Page 6: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

微小管の三形態

Page 7: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

分裂中期の紡錘体微小管

ECB18-10 3-630(2-648)

Page 8: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

セントロメア、動原体、動原体MT

3-629(2-645) ECB18-24

Page 9: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

Figure 18-15 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) 3-621(2-639) ECB18-15

Page 10: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

Figure 18-19a Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) 3-624(2-639)

Page 11: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

セントロメア、動原体、動原体MT

3-629(2-645) ECB18-24

Page 12: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

Figure 18-19b Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) 3-629(2-645) ECB18-19

Page 13: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

ECB19-6

Page 14: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂

– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点

– 微小管と細胞分裂

– 概観

– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis

Page 15: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

• Observing Mitosis with Fluorescence Microscopy

(Molecular Expressions)

Page 16: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

細胞分裂 各期概観

Figure 17-2. The events of cell division as seen under a microscope. The easily visible processes of nuclear division (mitosis) and cell fission (cytokinesis), which are together called the M phase, typically occupy only a small fraction of the cell cycle. The other, much longer part of the cycle is known as interphase. During M phase an abrupt change in the biochemical state of the cell occurs at the transition from metaphase to anaphase; a cell can pause in metaphase before this transition point, but once the point is passed, the cell will carry on smoothly to the end of mitosis and through cytokinesis into interphase.

Page 17: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

3-626(2-642) ECB Panel 18-1

Page 18: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology
Page 19: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology
Page 20: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂

– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点

– 微小管と細胞分裂

– 概観

– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis

Page 21: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

前期突入、前中期突入、後期突入(中期脱出)

Page 22: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

前期prophase突入:中心体の極移動と極間微小管形成

極間微小管形成

Page 23: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

Figure 18-22 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

前期 prophase極間微小管形成

3-628(2-640) ECB18-22

Page 24: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

Figure 18-23 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) 3-629(2-644) ECB18-23

Page 25: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂

– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点

– 微小管と細胞分裂

– 概観

– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis

Page 26: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

前期突入、前中期突入、後期突入(中期脱出)

Page 27: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

前中期 prometaphase

3-626(2-642)

Page 28: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

前中期prometaphase突入:

動原体微小管形成 核膜崩壊

Page 29: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

動物の前中期

Page 30: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

酵母の分裂装置

Figure 19-37. Mitotic apparatus in S. cerevisiae. In yeast, the nucleus remains intact during mitosis; thus the chromosomes are isolated from direct interaction with the cytosol. (a) Spindle pole bodies, which are attached to the nuclear membrane, organize the spindle microtubules (MTs). Each of the 16 chromosomes is attached to two kinetochore microtubules. (b) A yeast cell divides by a process in which a bud emerges, enlarges, and eventually is pinched off, forming the daughter cell. This photomicrograph, taken late in mitosis, shows the two spindle pole bodies (SPB) and microtubules connecting them. Note the absence of astral microtubules.

Molecular Cell Biology    19. Cell Motility and Shape II: Microtubules and Intermediate Filaments    19.5. Microtubule Dynamics and Motor Proteins during Mitosis

Page 31: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂

– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点

– 微小管と細胞分裂

– 概観

– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis

Page 32: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

前期突入、前中期突入、後期突入(中期脱出)

Page 33: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

中期の成立:染色体の赤道面配列

3-630(2-648) ECB18-25

Page 34: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

分裂中期の紡錘体微小管

ECB18-10 3-630(2-648)

Page 35: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

Imaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium.Currently available light microscope technology allows detailed and spectacular imaging of spindle organization in metaphase cells. Thisshows a salamander (newt) lung cell, fixed in metaphase, and photographed by epifluorescence after labeling the chromosomes (blue) and DAPI, and staining the microtubules (green) and keratin filaments (red) by indirect immunofluorescence methods. This cell contains a single monooriented chromosome that will delay anaphase onset

until it becomes properly bioriented and positioned near the spindle equator. In epithelia, the spindle is often surrounded by a cage of intermediate filaments that formerly surrounded the nucleus.

Page 36: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂

– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点

– 微小管と細胞分裂

– 概観

– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis

Page 37: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

中期脱出=後期anaphase突入染色体分離

Page 38: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

Figure 18-29 Essential Cell Biology

Anaphase Promoting Complex triggers chromatid separation

ECB18-29

Page 39: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

Imaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium.Currently available light microscope technology allows detailed and spectacular imaging of spindle organization in metaphase cells. Thisshows a salamander (newt) lung cell, fixed in metaphase, and photographed by epifluorescence after labeling the chromosomes (blue) and DAPI, and staining the microtubules (green) and keratin filaments (red) by indirect immunofluorescence methods. This cell contains a single monooriented chromosome that will delay anaphase onset

until it becomes properly bioriented and positioned near the spindle equator. In epithelia, the spindle is often surrounded by a cage of intermediate filaments that formerly surrounded the nucleus.

Page 40: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

The anaphase-promoting complex induces amphitelically attached chromatids to segregate to opposite poles by destroying both cyclin B and securin. The Ipl1/Aurora B kinase both eliminates syntelically attached chromatid pairs and promotes inhibition of APC/C when centromeres fail to come under tension. Chromatin, blue; microtubules, green; centromeres, open circles; cohesin, red.

紡錘体チェックポイント

Page 41: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

中期metaphaseと後期anaphase

Metaphase-to-anaphase transition in rat kangaroo PtK2 cells.  -Tubulin, green; centrosomes, red; DNA stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, blue. Adapted from Science 297, 559-565 (Nasmyth, 2002)

Page 42: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

後期A: 染色体が紡錘体極へ後期B: 紡錘体極spindle poleの離反

3-633(2-650) ECB18-30

Page 43: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

後期A:動原体MTの動原体領域での短縮など

Page 44: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

後期B:(1)極間微小管の伸長(2)星状体微小管による牽引

Page 45: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂

– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点

– 微小管と細胞分裂

– 概観

– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis

Page 46: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

終期:染色体の両極への到達

Page 47: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂

– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点

– 微小管と細胞分裂

– 概観

– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis

Page 48: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology
Page 49: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology
Page 50: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

細胞質分裂と収縮環

Page 51: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

ECB17-36,39

収縮環ではⅡ型ミオシン

Actin Depolymerization Drives Actomyosin Ring Contraction during Budding Yeast Cytokinesis (Developmental Cell 22, 1247-1260, 2012)(ScienceDirect --- Graphic Abstract)

Mechanics of cytokinesis in eukaryotes (Curr Opinion Cell Biol 22, 50-56, 2010) (ScienceDirect)

Page 52: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

植物の細胞質分裂1

Page 53: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

植物の細胞質分裂2

Page 54: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂

– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点

– 微小管と細胞分裂

– 概観

– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis

Page 55: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

• 細胞分裂の多様性• Mitosis in diatoms: rediscovering an old model for

cell division (BioEssay 2009 31:874-884 pdf)

Page 56: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

細胞分裂概観

Page 57: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

• テーマ 1 セルサイクル制御概観

• テーマ 2 セルサイクル制御発見小史

• テーマ 3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂

Page 58: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

科目『細胞生物学』の構成

• 細胞周期調節 (後藤)

ECB 17-18

• 細胞膜と情報伝達(小嶋)

ECB 11, 12, 15-16– ホメオスタシス、環境応

• 遺伝子発現調節(加藤)

ECB 7-8– 装置更新・新規合成

• 科目『生物学概論』の構成

生命のつながり ECB 1, 9, 20

– 自然淘汰と生命史 ECB 1, 9, 20

– 生命の秩序 ECB 3, 13

– 生体膜とイオン輸送 ECB 11-12

– 生体膜とATP生産 ECB 14

Page 59: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology

生物学的仕事の統合タンパク質作用の重層的ネットワーク